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Giallongo S, Ferrigno J, Caltabiano R, Broggi G, Alanazi AM, Distefano A, Tropea E, Tramutola A, Perluigi M, Volti GL, Barone E, Barbagallo IA. Aging exacerbates oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in an animal model of Down Syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10203-10215. [PMID: 38942607 PMCID: PMC11236314 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is a common genetic disorder characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to dysregulation of various metabolic pathways. Oxidative stress in DS is associated with neurodevelopmental defects, neuronal dysfunction, and a dementia onset resembling Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, chronic oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers prevalent in DS individuals. This study investigates the impact of ageing on oxidative stress and liver fibrosis using a DS murine model (Ts2Cje mice). Our results show that DS mice show increased liver oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by reduced glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, DS liver exhibits an altered inflammatory response and mitochondrial fitness as we showed by assaying the expression of HMOX1, CLPP, and the heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp60. DS liver also displays dysregulated lipid metabolism, indicated by altered expression of PPARα, PPARγ, FATP5, and CTP2. Consistently, these changes might contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development, a condition characterized by liver fat accumulation. Consistently, histological analysis of DS liver reveals increased fibrosis and steatosis, as showed by Col1a1 increased expression, indicative of potential progression to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, our findings suggest an increased risk of liver pathologies in DS individuals, particularly when combined with the higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in DS patients. These results shed a light on the liver's role in DS-associated pathologies and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism to prevent or mitigate liver-related complications in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Jessica Ferrigno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, RM 00185, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, RM 00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
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Zhang H, Muhetarijiang M, Chen RJ, Hu X, Han J, Zheng L, Chen T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Roadmap for Understanding and Tackling Cardiovascular Aging. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0058. [PMID: 38739929 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging is a progressive remodeling process constituting a variety of cellular and molecular alterations that are closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, gaining a deeper understanding of the changes in mitochondrial function during cardiovascular aging is crucial for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac aging is accompanied by fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, metabolic changes, and infiltration of immune cells, collectively contributing to the overall remodeling of the heart. Similarly, during vascular aging, there is a profound remodeling of blood vessel structure. These remodeling present damage to endothelial cells, increased vascular stiffness, impaired formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the development of arteriosclerosis, and chronic vascular inflammation. This review underscores the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac aging, exploring its impact on fibrosis and myocardial alterations, metabolic remodeling, immune response remodeling, as well as in vascular aging in the heart. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies in preventing cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mairedan Muhetarijiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ryan J Chen
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated First Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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3
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Fan Y, He J, Shi L, Zhang M, Chen Y, Xu L, Han N, Jiang Y. Identification of potential key lipid metabolism-related genes involved in tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease by bioinformatics analysis. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02278-1. [PMID: 38691241 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidences indicate that abnormalities in tubular lipid metabolism play a crucial role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We aim to identify novel lipid metabolism-related genes associated with tubular injury in DKD by utilizing bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and DKD tubular tissue samples were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and then were intersected with lipid metabolism-related genes. Hub genes were further determined by combined weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We performed enrichment analysis, immune analysis, clustering analysis, and constructed networks between hub genes and miRNAs, transcription factors and small molecule drugs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of hub genes. We validated the relationships between hub genes and DKD with external datasets and our own clinical samples. RESULTS There were 5 of 37 lipid metabolism-related DEGs identified as hub genes. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that lipid metabolism-related DEGs were enriched in pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling and pyruvate metabolism. Hub genes had potential regulatory relationships with a variety of miRNAs, transcription factors and small molecule drugs, and had high diagnostic efficacy. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that 13 immune cells were altered in DKD, and hub genes exhibited significant correlations with a variety of immune cells. Through clustering analysis, DKD patients could be classified into 3 immune subtypes and 2 lipid metabolism subtypes, respectively. The tubular expression of hub genes in DKD was further verified by other external datasets, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed that except ACACB, the other 4 hub genes (LPL, AHR, ME1 and ALOX5) exhibited the same results as the bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION Our study identified several key lipid metabolism-related genes (LPL, AHR, ME1 and ALOX5) that might be involved in tubular injury in DKD, which provide new insights and perspectives for exploring the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuo Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yuecheng Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
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Cheng S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang N, Yan J, Jiang L, Cai W. Targeting GPX4-mediated Ferroptosis Alleviates Liver Steatosis in a Rat Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:981-991. [PMID: 37968154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a common hepatobiliary complication resulting from long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. This study aims to explore the role of ferroptosis in PNALD and to uncover its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Ferroptosis was evaluated in pediatric patients with PNALD and in rats administered with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as an animal model of PNALD. In TPN-fed rats, we applied liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) to inhibit ferroptosis for 7 days and assessed its impact on liver steatosis. We performed RNA-seq analysis to profile the alterations in miRNAs in livers from TPN-fed rats. The ferroptosis-promoting effects of miR-431 were evaluated in HepG2 cells and the direct targeting effects on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were evaluated in HEK293T cells. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis and experimental validation suggested that ferroptosis was increased in the livers of pediatric patients and rats with PNALD. Inhibiting ferroptosis with Lip-1 attenuated liver steatosis by regulating PPARα expression. RNA-seq analysis uncovered miR-431 as the most upregulated miRNA in the livers of TPN-fed rats, showing a negative correlation with hepatic GPX4 expression. In vitro studies demonstrated that miR-431 promoted ferroptosis by directly binding to the 3'UTR of GPX4 mRNA, resulting in the suppression of its expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that TPN induces the upregulation of miR-431 in rats, leading to activation of ferroptosis through downregulation of GPX4. Inhibition of ferroptosis attenuates TPN-induced liver steatosis by regulating PPARα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkai Yan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Cilenti L, Di Gregorio J, Mahar R, Liu F, Ambivero CT, Periasamy M, Merritt ME, Zervos AS. Inactivation of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase deregulates mitophagy and prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1397565. [PMID: 38725872 PMCID: PMC11079312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1397565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic affecting millions of people worldwide and a major risk factor for a multitude of chronic diseases and premature mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria have a profound role in diet-induced obesity and the associated metabolic changes, but the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondria to obesity remain poorly understood. Our studies have identified a new function for mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, in the control of energy metabolism and lipogenesis. Genetic deletion of Mul1 in mice impedes mitophagy and presents a metabolic phenotype that is resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. Several metabolic and lipidomic pathways are perturbed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Mul1(-/-) animals on HFD, including the one driven by Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), a pivotal regulator of lipid metabolism and obesity. In addition, key enzymes crucial for lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation such as ACC1, FASN, AMPK, and CPT1 are also modulated in the absence of MUL1. The concerted action of these enzymes, in the absence of MUL1, results in diminished fat storage and heightened fatty acid oxidation. Our findings underscore the significance of MUL1-mediated mitophagy in regulating lipogenesis and adiposity, particularly in the context of HFD. Consequently, our data advocate the potential of MUL1 as a therapeutic target for drug development in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cilenti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Chemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Fei Liu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Camilla T. Ambivero
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Antonis S. Zervos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
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6
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Tumenbayar BI, Tutino VM, Brazzo JA, Yao P, Bae Y. FAK and p130Cas modulate stiffness-mediated early transcription and cellular metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575789. [PMID: 38293187 PMCID: PMC10827115 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is influenced by the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its binding partner, p130Cas, transmit biomechanical signals about substrate stiffness to the cell to regulate a variety of cellular responses, but their roles in early transcriptional and metabolic responses remain largely unexplored. We cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts with or without siRNA-mediated FAK or p130Cas knockdown and assessed the early transcriptional responses of these cells to placement on soft and stiff substrates by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Exposure to the stiff ECM altered the expression of genes important for metabolic and biosynthetic processes, and these responses were influenced by knockdown of FAK and p130Cas. Our findings reveal that FAK-p130Cas signaling mechanotransduces ECM stiffness to early transcriptional changes that alter cellular metabolism and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bat-Ider Tumenbayar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Vincent M. Tutino
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Joseph A. Brazzo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Peng Yao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yongho Bae
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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7
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Yi J, Zhou Q, Huang J, Niu S, Ji G, Zheng T. Lipid metabolism disorder promotes the development of intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115401. [PMID: 37651799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is a complex process that maintains the normal physiological function of the human body. The disorder of lipid metabolism has been implicated in various human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and bone diseases. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), an age-related degenerative disease in the musculoskeletal system, is characterized by high morbidity, high treatment cost, and chronic recurrence. Lipid metabolism disorder may promote the pathogenesis of IDD, and the potential mechanisms are complex. Leptin, resistin, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), fatty acids, and cholesterol may promote the pathogenesis of IDD, while lipocalin, adiponectin, and progranulin (PGRN) exhibit protective activity against IDD development. Lipid metabolism disorder contributes to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, cell apoptosis, and cartilage calcification in the intervertebral discs (IVDs) by activating inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy. Several lines of agents have been developed to target lipid metabolism disorder. Inhibition of lipid metabolism disorder may be an effective strategy for the therapeutic management of IDD. However, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in promoting IDD development is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingluo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jishang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuo Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Guanglin Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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8
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de Wit-Verheggen VHW, Vanweert F, Raiko J, Liénard V, Schaart G, Gemmink A, Nascimento EBM, Hesselink MKC, Wildberger JE, Wierts R, Joris PJ, Haas J, Montaigne D, Staels B, Phielix E, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, van de Weijer T. The tissue-specific metabolic effects of the PPARα agonist ciprofibrate in insulin-resistant male individuals: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2493-2504. [PMID: 37670579 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is characterized by ectopic fat accumulation leading to cardiac diastolic dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist ciprofibrate has direct effects on cardiac and hepatic metabolism and can improve insulin sensitivity and cardiac function in insulin-resistant volunteers. METHODS Ten insulin-resistant male volunteers received 100 mg/d of ciprofibrate and placebo for 5 weeks in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Insulin-stimulated metabolic rate of glucose (MRgluc) was measured using dynamic 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG-PET). Additionally, cardiac function, whole-body insulin sensitivity, intrahepatic lipid content, skeletal muscle gene expression, 24-hour blood pressure, and substrate metabolism were measured. RESULTS Whole-body insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and body composition were unchanged after ciprofibrate treatment. Ciprofibrate treatment decreased insulin-stimulated hepatic MRgluc and increased hepatic lipid content. Myocardial net MRgluc tended to decrease after ciprofibrate treatment, but ciprofibrate treatment had no effect on cardiac function and cardiac energy status. In addition, no changes in PPAR-related gene expression in muscle were found. CONCLUSIONS Ciprofibrate treatment increased hepatic lipid accumulation and lowered MRgluc, without affecting whole-body insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, parameters of cardiac function or cardiac energy status were not altered upon ciprofibrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H W de Wit-Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Juho Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Viktor Liénard
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Wierts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joel Haas
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - David Montaigne
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Wei R, Zhang W, Pu C, Shao Q, Xu Q, Li P, Zhao X, Sun T, Weng D. Assessment of lipid metabolism-disrupting effects of non-phthalate plasticizer diisobutyl adipate through in silico and in vitro approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1395-1404. [PMID: 36896678 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diisobutyl adipate (DIBA), as a novel non-phthalate plasticizer, is widely used in various products. However, little effort has been made to investigate whether DIBA might have adverse effects on human health. In this study, we integrated an in silico and in vitro strategy to assess the impact of DIBA on cellular homeostasis. Since numerous plasticizers could activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway to interrupt metabolism systems, we first utilized molecular docking to analyze interaction between DIBA and PPARγ. Results indicated that DIBA had strong affinity with the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ (PPARγ-LBD) at Histidine 499. Afterwards, we used cellular models to investigate in vitro effects of DIBA. Results demonstrated that DIBA exposure increased intracellular lipid content in murine and human hepatocytes, and altered transcriptional expression of genes related to PPARγ signaling and lipid metabolism pathways. At last, target genes regulated by DIBA were predicted and enriched for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional factors (TFs)-genes network were established accordingly. Target genes were enriched in Phospholipase D signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway which were related to lipid metabolism. These findings suggested that DIBA exposure might disturb intracellular lipid metabolism homeostasis via targeting PPARγ. This study also demonstrated that this integrated in silico and in vitro methodology could be utilized as a high throughput, cost-saving and effective tool to assess the potential risk of various environmental chemicals on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wei
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Weigao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Pu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianchao Shao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiqi Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xunan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Weng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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10
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Yoo HJ, Pyo MC, Rhee KH, Lim JM, Yang SA, Yoo MK, Lee KW. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (GenX): Hepatic stress and bile acid metabolism with different pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115001. [PMID: 37196520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECAs) are organic chemicals that are widely used in the manufacture of a wide range of human-made products. Many monitoring findings revealed the presence of PFASs and PFECAs in numerous environmental sources, including water, soil, and air, which drew more attention to both chemicals. Because of their unknown toxicity, the discovery of PFASs and PFECAs in a variety of environmental sources was viewed as a cause for concern. In the present study, male mice were given orally one of the typical PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and one of the representative PFECAs, hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA). The liver index showing hepatomegaly rose significantly after 90 d of exposure to PFOA and HFPO-DA, respectively. While sharing similar suppressor genes, both chemicals demonstrated unique hepatotoxic mechanisms. In different ways, these two substances altered the expression of hepatic stress-sensing genes as well as the regulation of nuclear receptors. Not only are bile acid metabolism-related genes in the liver altered, but cholesterol metabolism-related genes as well. These results indicate that PFOA and HFPO-DA both cause hepatotoxicity and bile acid metabolism impairment with distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joon Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Pyo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ah Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Dong J, Du C, Xu C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Lv X, Zhang L, Li J, Huang C, Wang H, Ma T. Verbenalin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis by regulating MDMX/PPARα-mediated ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116227. [PMID: 36739928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Verbenalin is a major compound in Verbena officinalis L. Verbena officinalis L was first recorded in the 'Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians.' Verbenalin (VE) is its active constituent and has been found to have many biological effects, including anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, removing jaundice, and treating malaria. It could treat lump accumulation, dysmenorrhea, throat obstruction, edema, jaundice, and malaria. Palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), ethanol, and acetaminophen liver injuries have been proven to benefit from verbenalin. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the effects of verbenalin on the prevention of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) through the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating MDMX (Murine double minute X)/PPARα (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)-mediated ferroptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice treated with alcohol followed by the Gao-Binge protocol were administered verbenalin by gavage simultaneously. The mitochondrial mass and morphology were visualized using TEM. AML-12 cells were stimulated with ethanol to mimic ASH in vitro. Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and kit determination were simultaneously performed. The target protein of verbenalin was identified by molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) further confirmed its interactions. RESULTS Verbenalin alleviates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which verbenalin inhibits abnormal mitochondrial dysfunction, molecular docking was performed, and MDMX was identified as the target protein of verbenalin. CETSA assays revealed a specific interaction between MDMX and verbenalin. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that PPARα played a critical role in promoting the ability of MDMX to affect ferroptosis. Verbenalin regulates MDMX/PPARα-mediated ferroptosis in AML-12 cells. CONCLUSION Verbenalin regulates ferroptosis and highlights the therapeutic potential of verbenalin and ferroptosis inhibition in reducing alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Changlin Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chuanting Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Taotao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China.
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12
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Zubareva OE, Dyomina AV, Kovalenko AA, Roginskaya AI, Melik-Kasumov TB, Korneeva MA, Chuprina AV, Zhabinskaya AA, Kolyhan SA, Zakharova MV, Gryaznova MO, Zaitsev AV. Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum in a Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098451. [PMID: 37176158 PMCID: PMC10179354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a challenging brain disorder that is often difficult to treat with conventional therapies. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. In this study, the effects of Bifidobacterium longum, a probiotic, on inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and behavior are evaluated in a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) induced in young adult rats. B. longum was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU/rat for 30 days after pilocarpine injection. The results show that B. longum treatment has beneficial effects on the TLE-induced changes in anxiety levels, neuronal death in the amygdala, and body weight recovery. In addition, B. longum increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes, such as Il1rn and Pparg. However, the probiotic had little effect on TLE-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis and did not reduce neuronal death in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. The study suggests that B. longum may have a beneficial effect on TLE and may provide valuable insights into the role of gut bacteria in epileptogenesis. In addition, the results show that B. longum may be a promising drug for the comprehensive treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Zubareva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Dyomina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Kovalenko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I Roginskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tigran B Melik-Kasumov
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marina A Korneeva
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alesya V Chuprina
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alesya A Zhabinskaya
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stepan A Kolyhan
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Maria V Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marusya O Gryaznova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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13
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Duong LK, Corbali HI, Riad TS, Ganjoo S, Nanez S, Voss T, Barsoumian HB, Welsh J, Cortez MA. Lipid metabolism in tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1187279. [PMID: 37205182 PMCID: PMC10185832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1187279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a diverse class of biomolecules that have been implicated in cancer pathophysiology and in an array of immune responses, making them potential targets for improving immune responsiveness. Lipid and lipid oxidation also can affect tumor progression and response to treatment. Although their importance in cellular functions and their potential as cancer biomarkers have been explored, lipids have yet to be extensively investigated as a possible form of cancer therapy. This review explores the role of lipids in cancer pathophysiology and describes how further understanding of these macromolecules could prompt novel treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Duong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Halil Ibrahim Corbali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thomas S. Riad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shonik Ganjoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Selene Nanez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tiffany Voss
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hampartsoum B. Barsoumian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Zheng Q, Hong C, Peng Y, He T, Lai Y, Tan L, Shen T. Association between axial length and HDL in children: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:164. [PMID: 37072771 PMCID: PMC10114358 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the relationship between axial length and levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in children. METHODS A retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional research with 69 right eyes from 69 children who underwent health examination by Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital was carried out. The participants were split into three groups: Group A (axial length < = 23 mm), Group B (axial length 23-24 mm), and Group C (axial length > 24 mm). Demographic epidemiological information, blood biochemical parameters and ophthalmic characteristics including refractive status and ocular geometric parameters were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS 69 right eyes from 69 patients (25 males and 44 females) with a median age of 10.00 years old (IQR: 8.00-11.00 years) were included in the study. Within Group A, there were a total of 17 individuals; Group B consisted of 22 individuals; Group C included 30 individuals. The mean axial length of three groups was 22.148(0.360), 23.503(0.342) and 24.770(0.556) mm, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean HDL levels were significantly different in three groups are 1.824(0.307), 1.485(0.253) and 1.507 (0.265) mmol/L, respectively. By applying a Pearson Coefficient, we evaluated the association between axial length and HDL and discovered that there was a statistically significant (p = 0.00025) and adverse (R = -0.43) association between axial length and HDL. CONCLUSIONS We concluded from our study that there was a significantly inverse relationship between axial length and the levels of HDL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zheng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Hong
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaling Peng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting He
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Lai
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingtong Tan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Monastra G, Gambioli R, Unfer V, Forte G, Maymo-Masip E, Comitato R. D-Chiro-Inositol and Myo-Inositol Induce WAT/BAT Trans-Differentiation in Two Different Human Adipocyte Models (SGBS and LiSa-2). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087421. [PMID: 37108582 PMCID: PMC10139407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue/brown adipose tissue trans-differentiation is one of the main study targets for therapies against obesity and metabolic diseases. In recent years, numerous molecules able to induce such trans-differentiation have been identified; however, their effect in obesity therapies has not been as expected. In the present study, we investigated whether myo-inositol and its stereoisomer D-chiro-inositol could be involved in the browning of white adipose tissue. Our preliminary results clearly indicate that both, at 60 μM concentration, induce the upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression, the main brown adipose tissue marker, and increase mitochondrial copy number as well as oxygen consumption ratio. These changes demonstrate an activation of cell metabolism. Therefore, our results show that human differentiated adipocytes (SGBS and LiSa-2), assume the features typical of brown adipose tissue after both treatments. Furthermore, in the cell lines examined, we proved that D-chiro-inositol and myo-Inositol induce an increase in the expression of estrogen receptor mRNAs, suggesting a possible modulation by these isomers. We also found an increase in the mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a very important target in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases. Our results open new opportunities for the use of inositols in therapeutic strategies to counteract obesity and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monastra
- Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Experts Group on Inositols in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Unfer
- Experts Group on Inositols in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00161 Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elsa Maymo-Masip
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43003 Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metaboílicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy
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16
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MicroRNA-483-5p Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Cell Steatosis, and Fibrosis by Targeting PPARα and TIMP2. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061715. [PMID: 36980601 PMCID: PMC10046356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind with the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes to regulate expression. Downregulation of miR-483-5p (miR-483) is associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the significant roles of miR-483 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver diseases (AFLD), and HCC remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the biological significance of miR-483 in NAFLD, AFLD, and HCC in vitro and in vivo. The downregulation of miR-483 expression in HCC patients’ tumor samples was associated with Notch 3 upregulation. Overexpression of miR-483 in a human bipotent progenitor liver cell line HepaRG and HCC cells dysregulated Notch signaling, inhibited cell proliferation/migration, induced apoptosis, and increased sensitivity towards antineoplastic agents sorafenib/regorafenib. Interestingly, the inactivation of miR-483 upregulated cell steatosis and fibrosis signaling by modulation of lipogenic and fibrosis gene expression. Mechanistically, miR-483 targets PPARα and TIMP2 gene expression, which leads to the suppression of cell steatosis and fibrosis. The downregulation of miR-483 was observed in mice liver fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or a standard Lieber-Decarli liquid diet containing 5% alcohol, leading to increased hepatic steatosis/fibrosis. Our data suggest that miR-483 inhibits cell steatosis and fibrogenic signaling and functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Therefore, miR-483 may be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD/AFLD/HCC management in patients with fatty liver diseases and HCC.
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17
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Dadkhah Tehrani S, Shojaei M, Bagherniya M, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. The effects of phytochemicals on serum triglycerides in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1640-1662. [PMID: 36756995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of phytochemicals on lipid parameters in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception up to October 2021 to recognize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of phytochemicals on lipid profiles in patients with HTG. Forty-eight RCTs including 53 arms and comprising 3,478 HTG patients met the eligibility criteria. Phytochemicals significantly reduced the serum levels of triglycerides in 32 out 53 arms, total cholesterol in 22 out of 51, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 21 out of 48, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 1 out of 5, apolipoprotein B in 2 out of 4, and lipoprotein(a) levels in 2 out of 4 arms. Furthermore, phytochemicals supplementation increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 15 out of 48 arms. In brief, phytochemicals supplementation might have beneficial effects on HTG. In most of the studies, phytochemicals had a favorable effect on at least one of the lipid parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Shojaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, fahan, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Roberti SL, Gatti CR, Capobianco E, Higa R, Jawerbaum A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways in diabetic rat decidua early after implantation: regulation by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 46:659-672. [PMID: 36863977 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways and moieties involved in histotrophic nutrition altered in the decidua of diabetic rats? Can diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) administered early after implantation prevent these alterations? Can these dietary treatments improve morphological parameters in the fetus, decidua and placenta after placentation? DESIGN Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino Wistar rats were fed a standard diet or diets enriched in n3- or n6-PUFAs early after implantation. Decidual samples were collected on day 9 of pregnancy. Fetal, decidual and placental morphological parameters were evaluated on day 14 of pregnancy. RESULTS On gestational day 9, PPARδ levels showed no changes in the diabetic rat decidua compared with controls. In diabetic rat decidua, PPARα levels and the expression of its target genes Aco and Cpt1 had reduced. These alterations were prevented by the n6-PUFA-enriched diet. Levels of PPARγ, the expression of its target gene Fas, lipid droplet number and perilipin 2 and fatty acid binding protein 4 levels increased in the diabetic rat decidua compared with controls. Diets enriched with PUFA prevented PPARγ increase, but not the increased lipid-related PPARγ targets. On gestational day 14, fetal growth, decidual and placental weight reduced in the diabetic group, and alterations prevented by the maternal diets were enriched in PUFAs. CONCLUSION When diabetic rats are fed diets enriched in n3- and n6-PUFAs early after implantation, PPAR pathways, lipid-related genes and proteins, lipid droplets and glycogen content in the decidua are modulated. This influences decidual histotrophic function and later feto-placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Romina Gatti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kant R, Manne RK, Anas M, Penugurti V, Chen T, Pan BS, Hsu CC, Lin HK. Deregulated transcription factors in cancer cell metabolisms and reprogramming. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1158-1174. [PMID: 36244530 PMCID: PMC11220368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important cancer hallmark that plays a key role in cancer malignancies and therapy resistance. Cancer cells reprogram the metabolic pathways to generate not only energy and building blocks but also produce numerous key signaling metabolites to impact signaling and epigenetic/transcriptional regulation for cancer cell proliferation and survival. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming is regulated in cancer may provide potential new strategies for cancer targeting. Recent studies suggest that deregulated transcription factors have been observed in various human cancers and significantly impact metabolism and signaling in cancer. In this review, we highlight the key transcription factors that are involved in metabolic control, dissect the crosstalk between signaling and transcription factors in metabolic reprogramming, and offer therapeutic strategies targeting deregulated transcription factors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohammad Anas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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20
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Torularhodin Alleviates Hepatic Dyslipidemia and Inflammations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via PPARα Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196398. [PMID: 36234935 PMCID: PMC9572851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Torularhodin is a β-carotene-like compound from Sporidiobolus pararoseus, and its protective effect against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic dyslipidemia and inflammation was investigated. Compared to mice of C57BL/6J fed on HFD, the addition of Torularhodin into the HFD (HFD-T) significantly reduced body weight, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and the inflammatory mediators of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A significant increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), which is beneficial to cholesterol clearance, was also observed in HFD-T group. Proteomic analysis showed HDL-C-c is highly correlated with proteins (e.g., CPT1A and CYP7A1) involved in lipid β-oxidation and bile acid synthesis, whereas the other phenotypic parameters (TC, TG, LDL, and inflammatory cytokines) are highly associated with proteins (e.g., SLC27A4) involved in lipid-uptake. The up-regulated anti-inflammation proteins FAS, BAX, ICAM1, OCLN, GSTP1, FAF1, LRP1, APEX1, ROCK1, MANF, STAT3, and INSR and down-regulated pro-inflammatory proteins OPTN, PTK2B, FADD, MIF, CASP3, YAP1, DNM1L, and NAMPT not only demonstrate the occurrence of HFD-induced hepatic inflammation, but also prove the anti-inflammatory property of Torularhodin. KEGG signaling pathway analysis revealed that the PPARα signaling pathway is likely fundamental to the health function of Torularhodin through up-regulating genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, cholesterol excretion, HDL-Cc formation, and anti-inflammation. Torularhodin, as a new food resource, may act as a therapeutic agent to prevent hepatic dyslipidemia and related inflammation for improved health.
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21
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Balbuena E, Cheng J, Eroglu A. Carotenoids in orange carrots mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987103. [PMID: 36225879 PMCID: PMC9549209 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotenoids are abundant in colored fruits and vegetables. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global burden and risk factor for end-stage hepatic diseases. This study aims to compare the anti-NAFLD efficacy between carotenoid-rich and carotenoid-deficient vegetables. Materials and methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to one of four experimental diets for 15 weeks (n = 12 animals/group): Low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat), HFD with 20% white carrot powders (HFD + WC), or with 20% orange carrot powders (HFD + OC). Results We observed that carotenoids in the orange carrots reduced HFD-induced weight gain, better than white carrots. Histological and triglyceride (TG) analyses revealed significantly decreased HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition and TG content in the HFD + WC group, which was further reduced in the HFD + OC group. Western blot analysis demonstrated inconsistent changes of fatty acid synthesis-related proteins but significantly improved ACOX-1 and CPT-II, indicating that orange carrot carotenoids had the potential to inhibit NAFLD by improving β-oxidation. Further investigation showed significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of PPARα and its transcription factor activity. Conclusion Carotenoid-rich foods may display more potent efficacy in mitigating NAFLD than those with low carotenoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Balbuena
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdulkerim Eroglu,
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22
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Brown DM, Mazade R, Clarkson-Townsend D, Hogan K, Datta Roy PM, Pardue MT. Candidate pathways for retina to scleral signaling in refractive eye growth. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109071. [PMID: 35447101 PMCID: PMC9701099 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of myopia, or nearsightedness, has increased at an alarming rate over the last few decades. An eye is myopic if incoming light focuses prior to reaching the retinal photoreceptors, which indicates a mismatch in its shape and optical power. This mismatch commonly results from excessive axial elongation. Important drivers of the myopia epidemic include environmental factors, genetic factors, and their interactions, e.g., genetic factors influencing the effects of environmental factors. One factor often hypothesized to be a driver of the myopia epidemic is environmental light, which has changed drastically and rapidly on a global scale. In support of this, it is well established that eye size is regulated by a homeostatic process that incorporates visual cues (emmetropization). This process allows the eye to detect and minimize refractive errors quite accurately and locally over time by modulating the rate of elongation of the eye via remodeling its outermost coat, the sclera. Critically, emmetropization is not dependent on post-retinal processing. Thus, visual cues appear to influence axial elongation through a retina-to-sclera, or retinoscleral, signaling cascade, capable of transmitting information from the innermost layer of the eye to the outermost layer. Despite significant global research interest, the specifics of retinoscleral signaling pathways remain elusive. While a few pharmacological treatments have proven to be effective in slowing axial elongation (most notably topical atropine), the mechanisms behind these treatments are still not fully understood. Additionally, several retinal neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and other small molecules have been found to influence axial length and/or refractive error or be influenced by myopigenic cues, yet little progress has been made explaining how the signal that originates in the retina crosses the highly vascular choroid to affect the sclera. Here, we compile and synthesize the evidence surrounding three of the major candidate pathways receiving significant research attention - dopamine, retinoic acid, and adenosine. All three candidates have both correlational and causal evidence backing their involvement in axial elongation and have been implicated by multiple independent research groups across diverse species. Two hypothesized mechanisms are presented for how a retina-originating signal crosses the choroid - via 1) all-trans retinoic acid or 2) choroidal blood flow influencing scleral oxygenation. Evidence of crosstalk between the pathways is discussed in the context of these two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon M Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Reece Mazade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Danielle Clarkson-Townsend
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kelleigh Hogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Pooja M Datta Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.
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23
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Ren T, Jones RS, Morris ME. Untargeted metabolomics identifies the potential role of monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6/SLC16A5) in lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00944. [PMID: 35466588 PMCID: PMC9035569 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6; SLC16A5) is an orphan transporter protein with expression in multiple tissues. The endogenous function of MCT6 related to human health and disease remains unknown. Our previous transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in Mct6 knockout (KO) mice suggested that MCT6 may play a role in lipid and glucose homeostasis, but additional evidence is required. Thus, the objective of this study was to further explore the impact of MCT6 on metabolic function using untargeted metabolomic analysis in Mct6 KO mice. The plasma from male and female mice and livers from male mice were submitted for global metabolomics analysis to assess the relative changes in endogenous small molecules across the liver and systemic circulation associated with absence of Mct6. More than 782 compounds were detected with 101 and 51 metabolites significantly changed in plasma of male and female mice, respectively, and 100 metabolites significantly changed in the livers of male mice (p < .05). Significant perturbations in lipid metabolism were annotated in the plasma and liver metabolome, with additional alterations in the amino acid metabolism pathway in plasma samples from male and female mice. Elevated lipid diacylglycerol and altered fatty acid metabolite concentrations were found in liver and plasma samples of male Mct6 KO mice. Significant reduction of N-terminal acetylated amino acids was found in plasma samples of male and female Mct6 KO mice. In summary, the present study confirmed the significant role of MCT6 in lipid and amino acid homeostasis, suggesting its contribution in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Robert S. Jones
- Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsGenentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marilyn E. Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
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24
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Liao M, Sun C, Li R, Li W, Ge Z, Adu-Frimpong M, Xu X, Yu J. Amelioration action of gastrodigenin rhamno-pyranoside from Moringa seeds on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Chem 2022; 379:132087. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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PPARα Signaling: A Candidate Target in Psychiatric Disorder Management. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050723. [PMID: 35625650 PMCID: PMC9138493 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (PPARs) regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, control inflammatory processes, and modulate several brain functions. Three PPAR isoforms have been identified, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which are expressed in different tissues and cell types. Hereinafter, we focus on PPARα involvement in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, which is underscored by PPARα localization in neuronal circuits involved in emotion modulation and stress response, and its role in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation. A multiplicity of downstream pathways modulated by PPARα activation, including glutamatergic neurotransmission, upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurosteroidogenic effects, encompass mechanisms underlying behavioral regulation. Modulation of dopamine neuronal firing in the ventral tegmental area likely contributes to PPARα effects in depression, anhedonia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on robust preclinical evidence and the initial results of clinical studies, future clinical trials should assess the efficacy of PPARα agonists in the treatment of mood and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, and ASD.
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26
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Hepatocyte Thorns, A Novel Drug-Induced Stress Response in Human and Mouse Liver Spheroids. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101597. [PMID: 35626634 PMCID: PMC9139950 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo-relevant phenotype of 3D liver spheroids allows for long-term studies of, e.g., novel mechanisms of chronic drug-induced liver toxicity. Using this system, we present a novel drug-induced stress response in human and murine hepatocyte spheroids, wherein long slender filaments form after chronic treatment with four different drugs, of which three are PPARα antagonists. The morphology of the thorns varies between donors and the compounds used. They are mainly composed of diverse protein fibres, which are glycosylated. Their formation is inhibited by treatment with fatty acids or antioxidants. Treatment of mice with GW6471 revealed changes in gene and protein expression, such as those in the spheroids. In addition, similar changes in keratin expression were seen following the treatment of hepatotoxic drugs, including aflatoxin B1, paracetamol, chlorpromazine, cyclosporine, and ketoconazole. We suggest that thorn formation may be indicative of hepatocyte metaplasia in response to toxicity and that more focus should be placed on alterations of ECM-derived protein expression as biomarkers of liver disease and chronic drug-induced hepatotoxicity, changes that can be studied in stable in vivo-like hepatic cell systems, such as the spheroids.
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27
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Ozturk H, Cingoz H, Tufan T, Yang J, Adair SJ, Tummala KS, Kuscu C, Kinali M, Comertpay G, Nagdas S, Goudreau BJ, Luleyap HU, Bingul Y, Ware TB, Hwang WL, Hsu KL, Kashatus DF, Ting DT, Chandel NS, Bardeesy N, Bauer TW, Adli M. ISL2 is a putative tumor suppressor whose epigenetic silencing reprograms the metabolism of pancreatic cancer. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1331-1346.e9. [PMID: 35508175 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells reprogram their transcriptional and metabolic programs to survive the nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment. Through in vivo CRISPR screening, we discovered islet-2 (ISL2) as a candidate tumor suppressor that modulates aggressive PDA growth. Notably, ISL2, a nuclear and chromatin-associated transcription factor, is epigenetically silenced in PDA tumors and high promoter DNA methylation or its reduced expression correlates with poor patient survival. The exogenous ISL2 expression or CRISPR-mediated upregulation of the endogenous loci reduces cell proliferation. Mechanistically, ISL2 regulates the expression of metabolic genes, and its depletion increases oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). As such, ISL2-depleted human PDA cells are sensitive to the inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I in vitro and in vivo. Spatial transcriptomic analysis shows heterogeneous intratumoral ISL2 expression, which correlates with the expression of critical metabolic genes. These findings nominate ISL2 as a putative tumor suppressor whose inactivation leads to increased mitochondrial metabolism that may be exploitable therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Ozturk
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Harun Cingoz
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jiekun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sara J Adair
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Meric Kinali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Sarbajeet Nagdas
- Department of Cell, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bernadette J Goudreau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Yagmur Bingul
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy B Ware
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Wiliam L Hwang
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Cell, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Todd W Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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28
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Tavasoli M, Lahire S, Sokolenko S, Novorolsky R, Reid SA, Lefsay A, Otley MOC, Uaesoontrachoon K, Rowsell J, Srinivassane S, Praest M, MacKinnon A, Mammoliti MS, Maloney AA, Moraca M, Pedro Fernandez-Murray J, McKenna M, Sinal CJ, Nagaraju K, Robertson GS, Hoffman EP, McMaster CR. Mechanism of action and therapeutic route for a muscular dystrophy caused by a genetic defect in lipid metabolism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1559. [PMID: 35322809 PMCID: PMC8943011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CHKB encodes one of two mammalian choline kinase enzymes that catalyze the first step in the synthesis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. In humans and mice, inactivation of the CHKB gene (Chkb in mice) causes a recessive rostral-to-caudal muscular dystrophy. Using Chkb knockout mice, we reveal that at no stage of the disease is phosphatidylcholine level significantly altered. We observe that in affected muscle a temporal change in lipid metabolism occurs with an initial inability to utilize fatty acids for energy via mitochondrial β-oxidation resulting in shunting of fatty acids into triacyglycerol as the disease progresses. There is a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and target gene expression specific to Chkb−/− affected muscle. Treatment of Chkb−/− myocytes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists enables fatty acids to be used for β-oxidation and prevents triacyglyerol accumulation, while simultaneously increasing expression of the compensatory choline kinase alpha (Chka) isoform, preventing muscle cell injury. Mutations in the CHKB gene cause muscular dystrophy. Here, the authors show that in mouse models of the disease changes in lipid metabolism are associated with decreased PPAR signaling, and show PPAR agonists can rescue expression of injury markers in myocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tavasoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarah Lahire
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Stanislav Sokolenko
- Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Robyn Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarah Anne Reid
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abir Lefsay
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Agada Biosciences Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Agada Biosciences Inc., Halifax, NS, Canada.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
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New Immunometabolic Strategy Based on Cell Type-Specific Metabolic Reprogramming in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050768. [PMID: 35269390 PMCID: PMC8909366 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism is an emerging discipline in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor tissues are heterogeneous and influenced by metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In the TIME, multiple cell types interact, and the tumor and immune cells compete for limited nutrients, resulting in altered anticancer immunity. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming of individual cell types may influence the outcomes of immunotherapy. Understanding the metabolic competition for access to limited nutrients between tumor cells and immune cells could reveal the breadth and complexity of the TIME and aid in developing novel therapeutic approaches for cancer. In this review, we highlight that, when cells compete for nutrients, the prevailing cell type gains certain advantages over other cell types; for instance, if tumor cells prevail against immune cells for nutrients, the former gains immune resistance. Thus, a strategy is needed to selectively suppress such resistant tumor cells. Although challenging, the concept of cell type-specific metabolic pathway inhibition is a potent new strategy in anticancer immunotherapy.
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30
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Role of Apolipoprotein A1 in PPAR Signaling Pathway for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4709300. [PMID: 35242173 PMCID: PMC8886744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4709300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been suggested to play crucial roles in the pathology of NAFLD with a vague understanding of the underlying mechanism. Here, we integrated large-scale literature data and clinical data to explore the potential role of the PPAR-APOA1 signaling pathway in the pathology of NAFLD. First, the signaling pathway connecting PPARs, APOA1, and NAFLD was constructed. Then, we employed clinical data to explore the association between APOA1 levels and NAFLD. In addition, we built the APOA1-driven pathway analysis to explore the potential mechanism of the APOA1-NAFLD association. Pathway analysis showed that APOA1 serves as a hubprotein connecting PPARs and NAFLD through a beneficial modulation of 16 out of 21 NAFLD upstream regulators. Each relationship within the composed pathway was supported by results from multiple previous studies. Clinical data analysis showed that an increase of APOA1 level was associated with a significantly decreased NAFLD prevalence (χ2 = 292.109; P < 0.001). When other confounding factors were adjusted, serum APOA1 level was shown as an independent risk factor for the prevalence of NAFLD (P value<.0001; OR = 0.562). Our results suggested that the three PPARs (PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG) might promote the expression and molecular transportation of APOA1 to form a PPAR-APOA1 signaling pathway that demonstrated a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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The Key Role of Peroxisomes in Follicular Growth, Oocyte Maturation, Ovulation, and Steroid Biosynthesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7982344. [PMID: 35154572 PMCID: PMC8831076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7982344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The absence of peroxisomes can cause disease in the human reproductive system, including the ovaries. The available peroxisomal gene-knockout female mouse models, which exhibit pathological changes in the ovary and reduced fertility, are listed in this review. Our review article provides the first systematic presentation of peroxisomal regulation and its possible functions in the ovary. Our immunofluorescence results reveal that peroxisomes are present in all cell types in the ovary; however, peroxisomes exhibit different numerical abundances and strong heterogeneity in their protein composition among distinct ovarian cell types. The peroxisomal compartment is strongly altered during follicular development and during oocyte maturation, which suggests that peroxisomes play protective roles in oocytes against oxidative stress and lipotoxicity during ovulation and in the survival of oocytes before conception. In addition, the peroxisomal compartment is involved in steroid synthesis, and peroxisomal dysfunction leads to disorder in the sexual hormone production process. However, an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological and pathological processes is lacking. To date, no effective treatment for peroxisome-related disease has been developed, and only supportive methods are available. Thus, further investigation is needed to resolve peroxisome deficiency in the ovary and eventually promote female fertility.
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32
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Liu Z, Xu P, Gong F, Tan Y, Han J, Tian L, Yan J, Li K, Xi Z, Liu X. Altered lipidomic profiles in lung and serum of rat after sub-chronic exposure to ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150630. [PMID: 34597571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O) exposure not only causes lung injury and lung inflammation but also changes blood composition. Previous studies have mainly focused on inflammatory processes and metabolic diseases caused by acute or chronic ozone exposure. However, the effect of ozone on lipid expression profiles remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the lipidomic changes in lung tissue and serum of rats after ozone exposure for three months and explore the lipid metabolic pathway involved in an ozone-induced injury. Based on the non-targeted lipidomic analysis platform of the UPLC Orbitrap mass spectrometry system, we found that sub-chronic exposure to ozone significantly changed the characteristics of lipid metabolism in lungs and serum of rats. First, the variation in sphingomyelin (SM) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the lung and serum after O3 exposure are shown. SM decreased in both tissues, while TG decreased in the lungs and increased in the serum. Further, the effect of ozone on glycerophospholipids in the lung and serum was completely different. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were the major glycerophospholipids whose levels were altered in the lung, while phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels changed dramatically in the serum. Third, after O3 exposure, the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), mainly MGDG (43, 11), a saccharolipid, declined significantly and uniquely in the serum. These results suggested that sub-chronic O3 exposure may play a role in the development of several diseases through perturbation of lipidomic profiles in the lungs and blood. In addition, changes in the lipids of the lung and blood may induce or exacerbate respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fuxu Gong
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yizhe Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Nasrollahi Z, ShahaniPour K, Monajemi R, Ahadi AM. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench improved blood glucose, lipid, and down-regulated PPAR-α, PTP1B genes expression in diabetic rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14097. [PMID: 35102562 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is one of the most important medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes. Flavonoids are one of the most significant components of okra and are responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of okra extract on biochemical parameters and expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) genes in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rat. Rats were given oral dosages of okra extract, (75% ethanolic extract) (200-400 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Our findings indicate that okra extract and quercetin therapy may lower blood glucose (BS), insulin, Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol (Cho), and glucose transporter protein type-4 (GLUT4) levels. PTP1B and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which are important regulators of glucose and lipid homeostasis, are similarly inhibited by okra extract. According to the findings, okra extract also has antioxidant properties. Our results support the anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of okra extract. As a result, it appears to play a crucial role in controlling diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this paper, we show that flavonoids in okra may help diabetes by inhibiting the PTP1B and PPAR-pathways. This is significant because little research has been done on the impact of flavonoid chemicals in A. esculentus on the expression of PTP1B and PPAR using traditional methods of diabetes treatment. Many of today's essential drugs (e.g., atropine, ephedrine, tubocurarine, digoxin, and reserpine) have been developed by studding traditional treatments. Plant-derived medications are still used as a prototype by chemists in an effort to develop more effective and less risky treatments (e.g., morphine, taxol, physostigmine, quinidine, and emetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nasrollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kahin ShahaniPour
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Ahadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Robinson G, Pineda-Torra I, Ciurtin C, Jury EC. Lipid metabolism in autoimmune rheumatic disease: implications for modern and conventional therapies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e148552. [PMID: 35040437 PMCID: PMC8759788 DOI: 10.1172/jci148552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressing inflammation has been the primary focus of therapies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, conventional therapies with low target specificity can have effects on cell metabolism that are less predictable. A key example is lipid metabolism; current therapies can improve or exacerbate dyslipidemia. Many conventional drugs also require in vivo metabolism for their conversion into therapeutically beneficial products; however, drug metabolism often involves the additional formation of toxic by-products, and rates of drug metabolism can be heterogeneous between patients. New therapeutic technologies and research have highlighted alternative metabolic pathways that can be more specifically targeted to reduce inflammation but also to prevent undesirable off-target metabolic consequences of conventional antiinflammatory therapies. This Review highlights the role of lipid metabolism in inflammation and in the mechanisms of action of AIRD therapeutics. Opportunities for cotherapies targeting lipid metabolism that could reduce immunometabolic complications and potential increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with AIRDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Research, and
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Gnanaguru G, Mackey A, Choi EY, Arta A, Rossato FA, Gero TW, Urquhart AJ, Scott DA, D'Amore PA, Ng YSE. Discovery of sterically-hindered phenol compounds with potent cytoprotective activities against ox-LDL-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death as a potential pharmacotherapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:360-368. [PMID: 34843917 PMCID: PMC8758799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or geographic atrophy (GA) is an irreversible blinding condition characterized by degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the associated photoreceptors. Clinical and genetic evidence supports a role for dysfunctional lipid processing and accumulation of harmful oxidized lipids in the pathogenesis of GA. Using an oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced RPE death assay, we screened and identified sterically-hindered phenol compounds with potent protective activities for RPE. The phenol-containing PPARγ agonist, troglitazone, protected against ox-LDL-induced RPE cell death, whereas other more potent PPARγ agonists did not protect RPE cells. Knockdown of PPARγ did not affect the protective activity of troglitazone in RPE, confirming the protective function is not due to the thiazolidine (TZD) group of troglitazone. Prototypical hindered phenol trolox and its analogs potently protected against ox-LDL-induced RPE cell death whereas potent antioxidants without the phenol group failed to protect RPE. Hindered phenols preserved lysosomal integrity against ox-LDL-induced damage and FITC-labeled trolox was localized to the lysosomes in RPE cells. Analogs of trolox inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by ox-LDL uptake in a dose-dependent fashion and were effective at sub-micromolar concentrations. Treatment with trolox analog 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC) significantly induced the expression of the lysosomal protein NPC-1 and reduced intracellular cholesterol level upon ox-LDL uptake. Our data indicate that the lysosomal-localized hindered phenols are uniquely potent in protecting the RPE against the toxic effects of ox-LDL, and may represent a novel pharmacotherapy to preserve the vision in patients with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Mackey
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthoula Arta
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Technology, Institut for Sundhedsteknologi, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Franco Aparecido Rossato
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Urquhart
- Department of Health Technology, Institut for Sundhedsteknologi, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Shan E Ng
- Harvard Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
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Hernandez R, Zhou C. Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of IKKβ in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:752337. [PMID: 34957242 PMCID: PMC8692734 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.752337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cardiometabolic diseases are associated with many overlapping metabolic syndromes such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and central adiposity. However, the underlying causes of cardiometabolic diseases and associated syndromes remain poorly understood. Within the past couple of decades, considerable progresses have been made to understand the role of inflammatory signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The transcription factor, NF-κB, a master regulator of the innate and adaptive immune responses, is highly active in cardiometabolic diseases. IκB kinase β (IKKβ), the predominant catalytic subunit of the IKK complex, is required for canonical activation of NF-κB, and has been implicated as the critical molecular link between inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases. Recent studies have revealed that IKKβ has diverse and unexpected roles in mediating adiposity, insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, vascular function, and atherogenesis through complex mechanisms. IKKβ has been demonstrated as a critical player in the development of cardiometabolic diseases and is implicated as a promising therapeutic target. This review summarizes current knowledge of the functions of IKKβ in mediating the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hernandez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Angajala G, Aruna V, Pavan P, Guruprasad Reddy P. Biocatalytic one pot three component approach: Facile synthesis, characterization, molecular modelling and hypoglycemic studies of new thiazolidinedione festooned quinoline analogues catalyzed by alkaline protease from Aspergillus niger. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105533. [PMID: 34902647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel ANAP (Aspergillus niger from alkaline protease) catalyzed one pot three component approach in the synthesis of new thiazolidinedione festooned quinoline analogues via Knoevenagel condensation and N-alkylation have been reported. The catalytic effect of enzyme was monitored and optimized by adjusting various parameters including catalyst concentration, choice of solvent and temperature. The isolated alkaline protease exhibits favorable features for the reaction response such as the shorter reaction time, simple work-up procedure, clean reaction profiles and excellent product yields through reusability of the catalyst upto five cycles. In silico molecular docking simulations were carried out to find out the effective binding affinity of the synthesized quinoline analogues 4(a-i) towards PPARγ protein (Id-2XKW). In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase assays were performed for hypoglycemic activity evaluation. In vivo hypoglycemic studies carried out on streptozotocin (SZT) induced diabetic male albino rats have shown that compounds 4e and 4f significantly reduced blood glucose levels with percentage reduction of 43.7 ± 0.91 and 45.6 ± 0.28 at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body wt. The results obtained from molecular docking simulations and in vitro enzyme assays are in consistent with in-vivo studies which clearly demonstrated that out of the synthesized quinoline analogues, compounds 4e and 4f possess promising hypoglycemic activity which was on par to that of standards pioglitazone and rosiglitazone respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara Angajala
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Valmiki Aruna
- Department of Chemistry, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pasupala Pavan
- Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool 518007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India; Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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38
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Angajala G, Aruna V, Pavan P, Reddy PG. Ultrasound promoted montmorillonite K-10 catalyzed synthesis, characterization, molecular modelling, SAR and hypoglycemic studies of new rhodanine bejeweled acridine analogues. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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39
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Paquette AG, MacDonald J, Lapehn S, Bammler T, Kruger L, Day DB, Price ND, Loftus C, Kannan K, Marsit C, Mason WA, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Enquobahrie DA, Prasad B, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S. A Comprehensive Assessment of Associations between Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and the Placental Transcriptomic Landscape. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97003. [PMID: 34478338 PMCID: PMC8415559 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are ubiquitous in the general population. Prenatal phthalate exposure may alter placental physiology and fetal development, leading to adverse perinatal and childhood health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between prenatal phthalate exposure in the second and third trimesters and the placental transcriptome at birth, including genes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), to gain insight into potential mechanisms of action during fetal development. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYs consortium quantified 21 urinary phthalate metabolites from 760 women enrolled in the CANDLE study (Shelby County, TN) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Placental transcriptomic data were obtained using paired-end RNA sequencing. Linear models were fitted to estimate separate associations between maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentration during the second and third trimester and placental gene expression at birth, adjusted for confounding variables. Genes were considered differentially expressed at a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) p<0.05. Associations between phthalate metabolites and biological pathways were identified using self-contained gene set testing and considered significantly altered with an FDR-adjusted p<0.2. RESULTS We observed significant associations between second-trimester phthalate metabolites mono (carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCIOP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate and 18 genes in total, including four lncRNAs. Specifically, placental expression of NEAT1 was associated with multiple phthalate metabolites. Third-trimester MCIOP and mono-isobutyl phthalate concentrations were significantly associated with placental expression of 18 genes and two genes, respectively. Expression of genes within 27 biological pathways was associated with mono-methyl phthalate, MCIOP, and monoethyl phthalate concentrations. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide assessment of the relationship between the placental transcriptome at birth and prenatal phthalate exposure in a large and diverse birth cohort. We identified numerous genes and lncRNAs associated with prenatal phthalate exposure. These associations mirror findings from other epidemiological and in vitro analyses and may provide insight into biological pathways affected in utero by phthalate exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Paquette
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Samantha Lapehn
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theo Bammler
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laken Kruger
- Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Drew B. Day
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathan D. Price
- Institute For Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Onegevity Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - W. Alex Mason
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco California, USA
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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40
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Lima RPD, Nunes PIG, Viana AFSC, Oliveira FTBD, Silva RAC, Alves APNN, Viana DA, Fonseca SGC, Carvalho AA, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Santos FA. α,β-Amyrin prevents steatosis and insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD via the AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling mechanism. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11391. [PMID: 34406209 PMCID: PMC8373198 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis, is intrinsically related to obesity. Our previous study reported on the anti-obese activity of α,β-amyrin (AMY), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. This study investigated its ability to prevent fatty liver and the underlying mechanism using the mouse model of NAFLD. NAFLD was induced in male Swiss mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The controls were fed a normal chow diet (ND). The mice were simultaneously treated with AMY at 10 and 20 mg/kg or fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg. Lipid levels along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in liver and serum. The liver sections were histologically examined using H&E staining. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze signaling mechanisms. Mice fed HFD developed severe hepatic steatosis with elevated triglycerides and lipid droplets compared with ND controls. This was associated with a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, an increase of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and enhanced sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, which have roles in lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and inflammatory response. AMY treatment reversed these signaling activities and decreased the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response, evidenced by serum and liver parameters as well as histological findings. AMY-induced reduction in hepatic steatosis seemed to involve AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling pathways, which supported its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P de Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P I G Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A F S C Viana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F T B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R A C Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A P N N Alves
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D A Viana
- Laboratório de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Ciência Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A A Carvalho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Piripiri Campus, Piripiri, PI, Brasil
| | - M H Chaves
- Departamento de Química, Ministro Petrônio Portella Campus, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - V S Rao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Azimzadeh O, von Toerne C, Subramanian V, Sievert W, Multhoff G, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Reveals Long-Term Biomarkers in the Serum of C57BL/6J Mice Following Local High-Dose Heart Irradiation. Front Public Health 2021; 9:678856. [PMID: 34277544 PMCID: PMC8283568 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.678856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of radiation therapy. Measurable abnormalities in the heart function indicate advanced and often irreversible heart damage. Therefore, early detection of cardiac toxicity is necessary to delay and alleviate the development of the disease. The present study investigated long-term serum proteome alterations following local heart irradiation using a mouse model with the aim to detect biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from C57BL/6J mice were collected 20 weeks after local heart irradiation with 8 or 16 Gy X-ray; the controls were sham-irradiated. The samples were analyzed by quantitative proteomics based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were further investigated using bioinformatics and ELISA. Results: The analysis showed radiation-induced changes in the level of several serum proteins involved in the acute phase response, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. We found significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6) in the serum of the irradiated mice. The level of free fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and oxidized LDL was increased, whereas that of high-density lipoprotein was decreased by irradiation. Conclusions: This study provides information on systemic effects of heart irradiation. It elucidates a radiation fingerprint in the serum that may be used to elucidate adverse cardiac effects after radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Vikram Subramanian
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Park S, Chang HC, Lee JJ. Rice Bran Fermented with Kimchi-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria Prevents Metabolic Complications in Mice on a High-Fat and -Cholesterol Diet. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071501. [PMID: 34203398 PMCID: PMC8303271 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of rice bran powder, fermented by Weissella koreensis DB1 isolated from kimchi, to protect against obesity and dyslipidemia induced by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, in a mouse model. Male mice were fed a modified AIN-93M diet containing high fat/high-cholesterol (HFCD), or same diet supplemented with non-fermented rice bran powder (HFCD-RB) or fermented rice bran powder (HFCD-FRB) for 10 weeks. In the HFCD-FRB group, body weight, liver and white fat pads weights, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipopreotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), insulin, glucose and leptine levels in serum, TG levels and the ratio of fat droplets in the liver, TG levels and fat cell size in adipose tissue were decreased, and (high-density lipopreotein cholesterol) HDL-C and adiponectin levels in serum were increased, compared with the HFCD group. The HFCD-FRB group had significantly lower CCAAT-enhancer-binding potein α (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene expression when compared to the HFCD group. The anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects were marginally greater in the HFCD-FRB group than in the HFCD-RB group. These results suggest that fermented rice bran powder by Weissella koreensis DB1 may have potential beneficial effects on the obesity-related abnormalities and the dysfunction of lipid metabolism.
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Wang M, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Yao X, Duan X, Jiang Z, An J, Zheng P, Han Y, Wu H, Wang Z, Glauben R, Qin Z. Programmed PPAR-α downregulation induces inflammaging by suppressing fatty acid catabolism in monocytes. iScience 2021; 24:102766. [PMID: 34286232 PMCID: PMC8273418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease. Monocytes are the principal immune cells for the production of inflammatory cytokines and contribute to inflammaging in the elderly. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that monocytes from aged individuals contained high levels of lipid droplets (LDs), and this increase was correlated with impaired fatty acid oxidation. Downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α may be responsible for the pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in aged individuals, as it was positively correlated with LD accumulation and increasing TNF-α concentration. Interestingly, interventions that result in PPAR-α upregulation, such as fenofibrate treatment, TNF-α neutralization, or calorie restriction, reversed the effect of aging on monocytes. Thus the downregulation of PPAR-α and LD levels in monocytes represents a novel biomarker for inflammaging. Furthermore, PPAR-α activation in the elderly may also alleviate long-term inflammaging, preventing the development of life-limiting chronic diseases. Monocytes from aged individuals contained high levels of lipid droplets (LDs) Downregulated PPAR-α is responsible for the aged monocytes profiles TNF-α might accelerate monocyte aging by downregulating PPAR-α expression PPAR-α activation in the elderly may also alleviate long-term inflammaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Yao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xixi Duan
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ziming Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng An
- School of Yunkang Medical and Health Management, Nanfang College of SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou city, Guangdong 510970, China
| | - Peiguo Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yijie Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max-planck Research Group, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rainer Glauben
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department for Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, the Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Cui J, Shan K, Yang Q, Qi Y, Qu H, Li J, Wang R, Jia L, Chen W, Feng N, Chen YQ. Prostaglandin E 3 attenuates macrophage-associated inflammation and prostate tumour growth by modulating polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5586-5601. [PMID: 33982835 PMCID: PMC8184682 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative polarization of macrophages regulates multiple biological processes. While M1‐polarized macrophages generally mediate rapid immune responses, M2‐polarized macrophages induce chronic and mild immune responses. In either case, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐derived lipid mediators act as both products and regulators of macrophages. Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) is an eicosanoid derived from eicosapentaenoic acid, which is converted by cyclooxygenase, followed by prostaglandin E synthase successively. We found that PGE3 played an anti‐inflammatory role by inhibiting LPS and interferon‐γ‐induced M1 polarization and promoting interleukin‐4‐mediated M2 polarization (M2a). Further, we found that although PGE3 had no direct effect on the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro, PGE3 could inhibit prostate cancer in vivo in a nude mouse model of neoplasia. Notably, we found that PGE3 significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in a cancer cell‐macrophage co‐culture system. Experimental results showed that PGE3 inhibited the polarization of tumour‐associated M2 macrophages (TAM), consequently producing indirect anti‐tumour activity. Mechanistically, we identified that PGE3 regulated the expression and activation of protein kinase A, which is critical for macrophage polarization. In summary, this study indicates that PGE3 can selectively promote M2a polarization, while inhibiting M1 and TAM polarization, thus exerting an anti‐inflammatory effect and anti‐tumour effect in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Shan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yumin Qi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingling Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Zidan AM, Saad EA, Ibrahim NE, Hashem MH, Mahmoud A, Hemeida AA. Host pharmacogenetic factors that may affect liver neoplasm incidence upon using direct-acting antivirals for treating hepatitis C infection. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06908. [PMID: 34013078 PMCID: PMC8113831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represent a breakthrough in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment as they directly inhibit HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins (NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B). However, ongoing debates exist regarding their relationship with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whose incidence is widely debated among investigators. This study was conducted to identify host pharmacogenetic factors that may influence HCC incidence upon using HCV DAAs. Materials and methods Details regarding 16 HCV DAAs were collected from literature and DrugBank database. Digital structures of these drugs were fed into the pharmacogenomics/pharmacovigilance in-silico pipeline (PHARMIP) to predict the genetic factors that may underpin HCC development. Results We identified 184 unique genes and 40 unique variants that may have key answers for the DAA/HCC paradox. These findings could be used in different methods to aid in the precise application of HCV DAAs and minimize the proposed risk for HCC. All results could be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.17632/8ws8258hn3.2. Discussion All the identified factors are evidence related to HCC and significantly predicted by PHARMIP as DAA targets. We discuss some examples of the methods of using these results to address the DAA/HCC controversy based on the following three primary levels: 1 - individual DAA drug, 2 - DAA subclass, and 3 - the entire DAA class. Further wet laboratory investigation is required to evaluate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Zidan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.,Clinical Research Department, Monof Chest Hospital, Menoufia directorate, Ministry of health & population (MOHP), Egypt
| | - Eman A Saad
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nasser E Ibrahim
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Medhat H Hashem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Amal Mahmoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Hemeida
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt
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Photoreceptor metabolic reprogramming: current understanding and therapeutic implications. Commun Biol 2021; 4:245. [PMID: 33627778 PMCID: PMC7904922 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired and inherited retinal disorders are responsible for vision loss in an increasing proportion of individuals worldwide. Photoreceptor (PR) death is central to the vision loss individuals experience in these various retinal diseases. Unfortunately, there is a lack of treatment options to prevent PR loss, so an urgent unmet need exists for therapies that improve PR survival and ultimately, vision. The retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body, and this is driven in large part by the metabolic needs of PRs. Recent studies suggest that disruption of nutrient availability and regulation of cell metabolism may be a unifying mechanism in PR death. Understanding retinal cell metabolism and how it is altered in disease has been identified as a priority area of research. The focus of this review is on the recent advances in the understanding of PR metabolism and how it is critical to reduction-oxidation (redox) balance, the outer retinal metabolic ecosystem, and retinal disease. The importance of these metabolic processes is just beginning to be realized and unraveling the metabolic and redox pathways integral to PR health may identify novel targets for neuroprotective strategies that prevent blindness in the heterogenous group of retinal disorders.
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Fu Z, Kern TS, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Fatty acid oxidation and photoreceptor metabolic needs. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100035. [PMID: 32094231 PMCID: PMC7905050 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors have high energy demands and a high density of mitochondria that produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of fuel substrates. Although glucose is the major fuel for CNS brain neurons, in photoreceptors (also CNS), most glucose is not metabolized through OXPHOS but is instead metabolized into lactate by aerobic glycolysis. The major fuel sources for photoreceptor mitochondria remained unclear for almost six decades. Similar to other tissues (like heart and skeletal muscle) with high metabolic rates, photoreceptors were recently found to metabolize fatty acids (palmitate) through OXPHOS. Disruption of lipid entry into photoreceptors leads to extracellular lipid accumulation, suppressed glucose transporter expression, and a duel lipid/glucose fuel shortage. Modulation of lipid metabolism helps restore photoreceptor function. However, further elucidation of the types of lipids used as retinal energy sources, the metabolic interaction with other fuel pathways, as well as the cross-talk among retinal cells to provide energy to photoreceptors is not fully understood. In this review, we will focus on the current understanding of photoreceptor energy demand and sources, and potential future investigations of photoreceptor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ann Hellström
- Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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48
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Xue M, Ke Y, Ren X, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhang X, Shao X, Li X. Proteomic analysis of aqueous humor in patients with pathologic myopia. J Proteomics 2020; 234:104088. [PMID: 33373717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Complications from pathologic myopia (PM) are a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. However, an efficient clinical therapeutic strategy for PM is still lacking. The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare the proteomic profiles of aqueous humor between PM and non-PM cataract patients. Twenty aqueous humor samples from each group were analyzed with label-free quantitative proteomic analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins for function enrichment analyses and protein-protein interaction network construction. Hub protein was validated with ELISA using an independent cohort consisting of 20 samples from each group and its receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. A total of 583 proteins were identified and 101 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, including 63 up-regulated proteins and 38 down-regulated proteins. The bioinformatics analysis suggested that PM is closely associated with immunity and inflammation interactions, and remodeling of extracellular matrix. Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA1) was enriched as the hub protein of the network with the highest score, degree and centrality. ROC analysis showed that ApoA1 could distinguish PM from controls with an area under the curve of 0.963 (p < 0.001). The findings could provide potential clues for further study on the molecular mechanisms and developing new treatments for PM, especially related to immunity and inflammation interactions. ApoA1 may be a potential key protein and therapeutic target in human PM. SIGNIFICANCE: It is important and urgent to discover the mechanisms of pathologic myopia (PM) to inhibit its progression. This study applied the quantitative proteomic analysis to study aqueous humor from patients with or without PM, aiming to discover dysregulated proteins related to PM. Our results suggested that those dysregulated proteins are closely associated with immunity and inflammation interactions, and remodeling of extracellular matrix. The findings from this study could provide potential clues for further research on the molecular mechanisms and developing new treatments for PM, especially related to immunity and inflammation. ApoA1 may be a potential key protein and therapeutic target in human PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui NO.2 Provincial people's hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Yifeng Ke
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xinjun Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xianfeng Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Pagliari F, Marafioti MG, Genard G, Candeloro P, Viglietto G, Seco J, Tirinato L. ssRNA Virus and Host Lipid Rearrangements: Is There a Role for Lipid Droplets in SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:578964. [PMID: 33134318 PMCID: PMC7579428 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.578964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its appearance, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has immediately alarmed the World Health Organization for its very high contagiousness and the complexity of patient clinical profiles. The worldwide scientific community is today gathered in a massive effort in order to develop safe vaccines and effective therapies in the shortest possible time. Every day, new pieces of SARS-CoV-2 infective puzzle are disclosed. Based on knowledge gained with other related coronaviruses and, more in general, on single-strand RNA viruses, we highlight underexplored molecular routes in which lipids and lipid droplets (LDs) might serve essential functions in viral infections. In fact, both lipid homeostasis and the pathways connected to lipids seem to be fundamental in all phases of the coronavirus infection. This review aims at describing potential roles for lipid and LDs in host-virus interactions and suggesting LDs as new and central cellular organelles to be investigated as potential targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Grazia Marafioti
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Geraldine Genard
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizio Candeloro
- BioNEM Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Joao Seco
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,BioNEM Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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50
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Gudise V, Chowdhury B, Manjappa AS. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Argyreia pierreana and Matelea denticulata: Higher activity of the micellar nanoformulation over the crude extract. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 11:259-267. [PMID: 34012872 PMCID: PMC8116714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Herbal medicine combined with nanotechnology is widely proposed to improve the oral bioavailability, reduce the required dose and side effects, and improve the pharmacological efficacy of extracts. Thus, this study evaluated the in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Argyreia pierreana (AP) and Matelea denticulata (MP) plants in comparison with their micellar nanoformulations. Materials and methods The mixed micelles (MMs) loaded with crude extracts (CEs) of AP and MD (AP-MMs and MD-MMs) were prepared using a film dispersion technique. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats using high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose (35 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The pharmacological actions of CEs, AP-MMs and MD-MMs were determined in type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Results Oral treatments with low-dose AP-MMs and MD-MMs having a mean particle size of 163 ± 10 nm and 145 ± 8 nm respectively, resulted in significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level and increased serum insulin, glucokinase levels, and normalized the elevated levels of hemoglobin A1C and glucose-6-phosphatase. Both extracts significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein, as well as elevated high-density lipoprotein levels. Additionally, improvements in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and malondialdehyde levels were evidenced clearly in tested vital organs (brain, heart, liver). Conclusion This is the first report of the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of AP and MP plants. Our findings indicate the potential utility of nanotechnology in improving the oral therapeutic efficacy of herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataiah Gudise
- Department of Pharmacology, SSJ College of Pharmacy, Vattinagulapally, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500075, Telangana State, India
| | - Bimalendu Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Berhampur-760010, Odisha, India
| | - Arehalli S Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar-416113, Maharashtra, India
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