1
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Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Two Septin complexes mediate actin dynamics during cell wound repair. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114215. [PMID: 38728140 PMCID: PMC11203717 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells have robust wound repair systems to prevent further damage or infection and to quickly restore cell cortex integrity when exposed to mechanical and chemical stress. Actomyosin ring formation and contraction at the wound edge are major events during closure of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton during cell wound repair. Here, we show that all five Drosophila Septins are required for efficient cell wound repair. Based on their different recruitment patterns and knockdown/mutant phenotypes, two distinct Septin complexes, Sep1/Sep2/Pnut and Sep4/Sep5/Pnut, are assembled to regulate actin ring assembly, contraction, and remodeling during the repair process. Intriguingly, we find that these two Septin complexes have different F-actin bending activities. In addition, we find that Anillin regulates the recruitment of only one of two Septin complexes upon wounding. Our results demonstrate that two functionally distinct Septin complexes work side by side to discretely regulate actomyosin ring dynamics during cell wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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2
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Holley CL, Emming S, Monteleone MM, Mellacheruvu M, Kenney KM, Lawrence GMEP, Coombs JR, Burgener SS, Schroder K. The septin modifier, forchlorfenuron, activates NLRP3 via a potassium-independent mitochondrial axis. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:962-972.e4. [PMID: 38759620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated by stimuli that induce perturbations in cell homeostasis, which commonly converge on cellular potassium efflux. NLRP3 has thus emerged as a sensor for ionic flux. Here, we identify forchlorfenuron (FCF) as an inflammasome activator that triggers NLRP3 signaling independently of potassium efflux. FCF triggers the rearrangement of septins, key cytoskeletal proteins that regulate mitochondrial function. We report that FCF triggered the rearrangement of SEPT2 into tubular aggregates and stimulated SEPT2-independent NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Similar to imiquimod, FCF induced the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration. FCF thereby joins the imidazoquinolines as a structurally distinct class of molecules that triggers NLRP3 inflammasome signaling independent of potassium efflux, likely by inducing mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Holley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stefan Emming
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mercedes M Monteleone
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Manasa Mellacheruvu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Kenney
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Grace M E P Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jared R Coombs
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sabrina S Burgener
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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3
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Marquardt J, Chen X, Bi E. Reciprocal regulation by Elm1 and Gin4 controls septin hourglass assembly and remodeling. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202308143. [PMID: 38448162 PMCID: PMC10913813 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The septin cytoskeleton is extensively regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, to achieve the diversity of architectures including rings, hourglasses, and gauzes. While many of the phosphorylation events of septins have been extensively studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the regulation of the kinases involved remains poorly understood. Here, we show that two septin-associated kinases, the LKB1/PAR-4-related kinase Elm1 and the Nim1/PAR-1-related kinase Gin4, regulate each other at two discrete points of the cell cycle. During bud emergence, Gin4 targets Elm1 to the bud neck via direct binding and phosphorylation to control septin hourglass assembly and stability. During mitosis, Elm1 maintains Gin4 localization via direct binding and phosphorylation to enable timely remodeling of the septin hourglass into a double ring. This mutual control between Gin4 and Elm1 ensures that septin architecture is assembled and remodeled in a temporally controlled manner to perform distinct functions during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Marquardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Khairat J, Hatta M, Abdullah N, Azman A, Calvin S, Syed Hassan S. Unearthing the role of septins in viral infections. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231827. [PMID: 38372298 PMCID: PMC10920062 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Septin proteins are a subfamily of closely related GTP-binding proteins conserved in all species except for higher plants and perform essential biological processes. Septins self-assemble into heptameric or octameric complexes and form higher-order structures such as filaments, rings, or gauzes by end-to-end binding. Their close association with cell membrane components makes them central in regulating critical cellular processes. Due to their organisation and properties, septins function as diffusion barriers and are integral in providing scaffolding to support the membrane's curvature and stability of its components. Septins are also involved in vesicle transport and exocytosis through the plasma membrane by co-localising with exocyst protein complexes. Recently, there have been emerging reports of several human and animal diseases linked to septins and abnormalities in their functions. Most of our understanding of the significance of septins during microbial diseases mainly pertains to their roles in bacterial infections but not viruses. This present review focuses on the known roles of septins in host-viral interactions as detailed by various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Elanie Khairat
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nur Adam Hatta
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nurshariza Abdullah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Adzzie Shazleen Azman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shee Yin Ming Calvin
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISB), Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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5
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Wang K, Okada H, Wloka C, Bi E. Unraveling the mechanisms and evolution of a two-domain module in IQGAP proteins for controlling eukaryotic cytokinesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113510. [PMID: 38041816 PMCID: PMC10809011 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The IQGAP family of proteins plays a crucial role in cytokinesis across diverse organisms, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IQGAPs in budding yeast, fission yeast, and human cells use a two-domain module to regulate their localization as well as the assembly and disassembly of the actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. Strikingly, the calponin homology domains (CHDs) in these IQGAPs bind to distinct cellular F-actin structures with varying specificity, whereas the non-conserved domains immediately downstream of the CHDs in these IQGAPs all target the division site, but differ in timing, localization strength, and binding partners. We also demonstrate that human IQGAP3 acts in parallel to septins and myosin-IIs to mediate the role of anillin in cytokinesis. Collectively, our findings highlight the two-domain mechanism by which IQGAPs regulate cytokinesis in distantly related organisms as well as their evolutionary conservation and divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangji Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Hiroki Okada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Carsten Wloka
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA; Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, A Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-University, The Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA.
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6
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Stjepić V, Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Two Septin Complexes Mediate Actin Dynamics During Cell Wound Repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567084. [PMID: 38014090 PMCID: PMC10680708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells have robust wound repair systems to prevent further damage or infection and to quickly restore cell cortex integrity when exposed to mechanical and chemical stress. Actomyosin ring formation and contraction at the wound edge are major events during closure of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton during cell wound repair. Here, we show that all five Drosophila Septins are required for efficient cell wound repair. Based on their different recruitment patterns and knockdown/mutant phenotypes, two distinct Septin complexes, Sep1-Sep2-Pnut and Sep4-Sep5-Pnut, are assembled to regulate actin ring assembly, contraction, and remodeling during the repair process. Intriguingly, we find that these two Septin complexes have different F-actin bending activities. In addition, we find that Anillin regulates the recruitment of only one of two Septin complexes upon wounding. Our results demonstrate that two functionally distinct Septin complexes work side-by-side to discretely regulate actomyosin ring dynamics during cell wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Stjepić
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M. Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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7
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Marquardt J, Chen X, Bi E. Elucidating the Synergistic Role of Elm1 and Gin4 Kinases in Regulating Septin Hourglass Assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566235. [PMID: 37986786 PMCID: PMC10659281 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The septin cytoskeleton is extensively regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation to achieve the diversity of architectures including rings, hourglass, and gauzes. While many of the phosphorylation events of septins have been extensively studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the regulation of the kinases involved remains poorly understood. Here we show that two septin-associated kinases, the LKB1/PAR-4-related kinase Elm1 and the Nim1/PAR-1-related kinase Gin4, regulate each other at two discrete points of the cell cycle. During bud emergence, Gin4 targets Elm1 to the bud neck via direct binding and phosphorylation to control septin hourglass assembly and stability. During mitosis, Elm1 maintains Gin4 localization via direct binding and phosphorylation to enable timely remodeling of the septin hourglass into a double ring. This unique synergy ensures that septin architecture is assembled and remodeled in a temporally controlled manner to perform distinct functions during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Marquardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Current affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Gonthier A, Botvinick EL, Grosberg A, Mohraz A. Effect of Porous Substrate Topographies on Cell Dynamics: A Computational Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5666-5678. [PMID: 37713253 PMCID: PMC10565724 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling cell-substrate interactions via the microstructural characteristics of biomaterials offers an advantageous path for modulating cell dynamics, mechanosensing, and migration, as well as for designing immune-modulating implants, all without the drawbacks of chemical-based triggers. Specifically, recent in vivo studies have suggested that a porous implant's microscale curvature landscape can significantly impact cell behavior and ultimately the immune response. To investigate such cell-substrate interactions, we utilized a 3D computational model incorporating the minimum necessary physics of cell migration and cell-substrate interactions needed to replicate known in vitro behaviors. This model specifically incorporates the effect of membrane tension, which was found to be necessary to replicate in vitro cell behavior on curved surfaces. Our simulated substrates represent two classes of porous materials recently used in implant studies, which have markedly different microscale curvature distributions and pore geometries. We found distinct differences between the overall migration behaviors, shapes, and actin polymerization dynamics of cells interacting with the two substrates. These differences were correlated to the shape energy of the cells as they interacted with the porous substrates, in effect interpreting substrate topography as an energetic landscape interrogated by cells. Our results demonstrate that microscale curvature directly influences cell shape and migration and, therefore, is likely to influence cell behavior. This supports further investigation of the relationship between the surface topography of implanted materials and the characteristic immune response, a complete understanding of which would broadly advance principles of biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse
R. Gonthier
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Elliot L. Botvinick
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center
for Complex Biological Systems, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Surgery,University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Edwards
Lifesciences
Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation & Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center
for Complex Biological Systems, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Edwards
Lifesciences
Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation & Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- The
NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ali Mohraz
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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9
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Suber Y, Alam MNA, Nakos K, Bhakt P, Spiliotis ET. Microtubule-associated septin complexes modulate kinesin and dynein motility with differential specificities. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105084. [PMID: 37495111 PMCID: PMC10463263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-range membrane traffic is guided by microtubule-associated proteins and posttranslational modifications, which collectively comprise a traffic code. The regulatory principles of this code and how it orchestrates the motility of kinesin and dynein motors are largely unknown. Septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins, which assemble into complexes that associate with microtubules. Using single-molecule in vitro motility assays, we tested how the microtubule-associated SEPT2/6/7, SEPT2/6/7/9, and SEPT5/7/11 complexes affect the motilities of the constitutively active kinesins KIF5C and KIF1A and the dynein-dynactin-bicaudal D (DDB) motor complex. We found that microtubule-associated SEPT2/6/7 is a potent inhibitor of DDB and KIF5C, preventing mainly their association with microtubules. SEPT2/6/7 also inhibits KIF1A by obstructing stepping along microtubules. On SEPT2/6/7/9-coated microtubules, KIF1A inhibition is dampened by SEPT9, which alone enhances KIF1A, showing that individual septin subunits determine the regulatory properties of septin complexes. Strikingly, SEPT5/7/11 differs from SEPT2/6/7, in permitting the motility of KIF1A and immobilizing DDB to the microtubule lattice. In hippocampal neurons, filamentous SEPT5 colocalizes with somatodendritic microtubules that underlie Golgi membranes and lack SEPT6. Depletion of SEPT5 disrupts Golgi morphology and polarization of Golgi ribbons into the shaft of somato-proximal dendrites, which is consistent with the tethering of DDB to microtubules by SEPT5/7/11. Collectively, these results suggest that microtubule-associated complexes have differential specificities in the regulation of the motility and positioning of microtubule motors. We posit that septins are an integral part of the microtubule-based code that spatially controls membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Suber
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Md Noor A Alam
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priyanka Bhakt
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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10
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Yanda MK, Ciobanu C, Guggino WB, Cebotaru L. CFTR and PC2, partners in the primary cilia in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C682-C693. [PMID: 37519231 PMCID: PMC10635646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the primary cilium are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We used a combination of animal models, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy and discovered that CFTR and polycystin 2 (PC2) are both colocalized to the cilium in normal kidneys, with the levels of both being decreased in cystic epithelia. Cilia were longer in CFTR-null mice and in cystic cells in our ADPKD animal models. We examined septin 2, known to play a role in cilia length, to act as a diffusion barrier and to serve as an enhancer of proliferation. We found that septin 2 protein levels were upregulated and colocalized strongly with CFTR in cystic cells. Application of VX-809, the CFTR corrector, restored CFTR and PC2 toward normal in the cilia, decreased the protein levels of septin 2, and drastically reduced septin 2 colocalization with CFTR. Our data suggest that CFTR is present in the cilia and plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl-. We also postulate that septin 2 is important for localizing CFTR to the apical membrane in cystic epithelia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CFTR is present in the primary cilia together with polycystin 2 (PC2). Ablation of CFTR makes cilia longer suggesting that CFTR plays a role there, perhaps through its conductance of Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Yanda
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cristian Ciobanu
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - William B Guggino
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Liudmila Cebotaru
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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11
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Gabbert AM, Campanale JP, Mondo JA, Mitchell NP, Myers A, Streichan SJ, Miolane N, Montell DJ. Septins regulate border cell surface geometry, shape, and motility downstream of Rho in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1399-1413.e5. [PMID: 37329886 PMCID: PMC10519140 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Septins self-assemble into polymers that bind and deform membranes in vitro and regulate diverse cell behaviors in vivo. How their in vitro properties relate to their in vivo functions is under active investigation. Here, we uncover requirements for septins in detachment and motility of border cell clusters in the Drosophila ovary. Septins and myosin colocalize dynamically at the cluster periphery and share phenotypes but, surprisingly, do not impact each other. Instead, Rho independently regulates myosin activity and septin localization. Active Rho recruits septins to membranes, whereas inactive Rho sequesters septins in the cytoplasm. Mathematical analyses identify how manipulating septin expression levels alters cluster surface texture and shape. This study shows that the level of septin expression differentially regulates surface properties at different scales. This work suggests that downstream of Rho, septins tune surface deformability while myosin controls contractility, the combination of which governs cluster shape and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Gabbert
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joseph P Campanale
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - James A Mondo
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Noah P Mitchell
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Adele Myers
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sebastian J Streichan
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nina Miolane
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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12
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Cai T, Peng J, Omrane M, Benzoubir N, Samuel D, Gassama-Diagne A. Septin 9 Orients the Apico-Basal Polarity Axis and Controls Plasticity Signals. Cells 2023; 12:1815. [PMID: 37508480 PMCID: PMC10377970 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a master organizer of the cellular cortex and membrane trafficking and therefore plays a crucial role in apico-basal polarity. Septins form a family of GTPases that assemble into non-polar filaments, which bind to membranes and recruit cytoskeletal elements such as microtubules and actin using their polybasic (PB) domains, to perform their broad biological functions. Nevertheless, the role of septins and the significance of their membrane-binding ability in apico-basal polarity remains under-investigated. Here, using 3D cultures, we demonstrated that septin 9 localizes to the basolateral membrane (BM). Its depletion induces an inverted polarity phenotype, decreasing β-catenin at BM and increasing transforming growth factor (TGFβ) and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers. Similar effects were observed after deleting its two PB domains. The mutant became cytoplasmic and apical. The cysts with an inverted polarity phenotype displayed an invasive phenotype, with src and cortactin accumulating at the peripheral membrane. The inhibition of TGFβ-receptor and RhoA rescued the polarized phenotype, although the cysts from overexpressed septin 9 overgrew and presented a filled lumen. Both phenotypes corresponded to tumor features. This suggests that septin 9 expression, along with its assembly through the two PB domains, is essential for establishing and maintaining apico-basal polarity against tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cai
- Unité 1193 INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Juan Peng
- Unité 1193 INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Mohyeddine Omrane
- Unité 1193 INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Nassima Benzoubir
- Unité 1193 INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- Unité 1193 INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hepato-Biliaire, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- Unité 1193 INSERM, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR-S 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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13
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Qu Y, Wang W, Xiao MZX, Zheng Y, Liang Q. The interplay between lipid droplets and virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28967. [PMID: 37496184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasite, the virus usurps cellular machinery and modulates cellular metabolism pathways to replicate itself in cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are universally conserved energy storage organelles that not only play vital roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis but are also involved in viral replication. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that viruses take advantage of cellular lipid metabolism by targeting the biogenesis, hydrolysis, and lipophagy of LD during viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the modulation of cellular LD by different viruses, with a special emphasis on the Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Bakhshandeh B, Jahanafrooz Z, Allahdadi S, Daryani S, Dehghani Z, Sadeghi M, Pedram MS, Dehghan MM. Transcriptomic and in vivo approaches introduced human iPSC-derived microvesicles for skin rejuvenation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9963. [PMID: 37339980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin undergoes the formation of fine lines and wrinkles through the aging process; also, burns, trauma, and other similar circumstances give rise to various forms of skin ulcers. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become promising candidates for skin healing and rejuvenation due to not stimulating inflammatory responses, low probability of immune rejection, high metabolic activity, good large-scale production capacity and potentials for personalized medicine. iPSCs can secrete microvesicles (MVs) containing RNA and proteins responsible for the normal repairing process of the skin. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility, safety and effectiveness of applying iPSCs-derived MVs for skin tissue engineering and rejuvenation applications. The possibility was assessed using the evaluation of the mRNA content of iPSC-derived MVs and the behavior of fibroblasts after MV treatment. Investigating the effect of microvesicle on stemness potential of mesenchymal stem cells was performed for safety concerns. In vivo evaluation of MVs was done in order to investigate related immune response, re-epithelialization and blood vessel formation to measure effectiveness. Shedding MVs were round in shape distributed in the range from 100 to 1000 nm in diameter and positive for AQP3, COL2A, FGF2, ITGB, and SEPTIN4 mRNAs. After treating dermal fibroblasts with iPSC-derived MVs, the expressions of collagens Iα1 and III transcripts (as the main fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins) were upregulated. Meanwhile, the survival and proliferation of MV treated fibroblasts did not change significantly. Evaluation of stemness markers in MV treated MSCs showed negligible alteration. In line with in vitro results, histomorphometry and histopathology findings also confirmed the helpful effect of MVs in skin regeneration in the rat burn wound models. Conducting more investigations on hiPSCs-derived MVs may lead to produce more efficient and safer biopharmaceutics for skin regeneration in the pharmaceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Jahanafrooz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Shiva Allahdadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Daryani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghani
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Sadeghi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Sepehr Pedram
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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K S V Castro D, V D Rosa H, Mendonça DC, Cavini IA, P U Araujo A, Garratt RC. Dissecting the binding interface of the septin polymerization enhancer Borg BD3. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168132. [PMID: 37121395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis for septin filament assembly has begun to emerge over recent years. These filaments are essential for many septin functions which depend on their association with biological membranes or components of the cytoskeleton. Much less is known about how septins specifically interact with their binding partners. Here we describe the essential role played by the C-terminal domains in both septin polymerization and their association with the BD3 motif of the Borg family of Cdc42 effector proteins. We provide a detailed description, at the molecular level, of a previously reported interaction between BD3 and the NC-interface between SEPT6 and SEPT7. Upon ternary complex formation, the heterodimeric coiled coil formed by the C-terminal domains of the septins becomes stabilized and filament formation is promoted under conditions of ionic strength/protein concentration which are not normally permissible, likely by favouring hexamers over smaller oligomeric states. This demonstrates that binding partners, such as Borg's, have the potential to control filament assembly/disassembly in vivo in a way which can be emulated in vitro by altering the ionic strength. Experimentally validated models indicate that the BD3 peptide lies antiparallel to the coiled coil and is stabilized by a mixture of polar and apolar contacts. At its center, an LGPS motif, common to all human Borg sequences, interacts with charged residues from both helices of the coiled coil (K368 from SEPT7 and the conserved E354 from SEPT6) suggesting a universal mechanism which governs Borg-septin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle K S V Castro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Higor V D Rosa
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Deborah C Mendonça
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Italo A Cavini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana P U Araujo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Richard C Garratt
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
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16
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Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Bending actin filaments: twists of fate. Fac Rev 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 37081903 PMCID: PMC10111394 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In many cellular contexts, intracellular actomyosin networks must generate directional forces to carry out cellular tasks such as migration and endocytosis, which play important roles during normal developmental processes. A number of different actin binding proteins have been identified that form linear or branched actin, and that regulate these filaments through activities such as bundling, crosslinking, and depolymerization to create a wide variety of functional actin assemblies. The helical nature of actin filaments allows them to better accommodate tensile stresses by untwisting, as well as to bend to great curvatures without breaking. Interestingly, this latter property, the bending of actin filaments, is emerging as an exciting new feature for determining dynamic actin configurations and functions. Indeed, recent studies using in vitro assays have found that proteins including IQGAP, Cofilin, Septins, Anillin, α-Actinin, Fascin, and Myosins-alone or in combination-can influence the bending or curvature of actin filaments. This bending increases the number and types of dynamic assemblies that can be generated, as well as the spectrum of their functions. Intriguingly, in some cases, actin bending creates directionality within a cell, resulting in a chiral cell shape. This actin-dependent cell chirality is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates and is essential for cell migration and breaking L-R symmetry of tissues/organs. Here, we review how different types of actin binding protein can bend actin filaments, induce curved filament geometries, and how they impact on cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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17
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Tshilenge KT, Aguirre CG, Bons J, Gerencser AA, Basisty N, Song S, Rose J, Lopez-Ramirez A, Naphade S, Loureiro A, Battistoni E, Milani M, Wehrfritz C, Holtz A, Hetz C, Mooney SD, Schilling B, Ellerby LM. Proteomic Analysis of Huntington's Disease Medium Spiny Neurons Identifies Alterations in Lipid Droplets. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100534. [PMID: 36958627 PMCID: PMC10165459 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. The resulting polyglutamine (polyQ) tract alters the function of the HTT protein. Although HTT is expressed in different tissues, the medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) in the striatum are particularly vulnerable in HD. Thus, we sought to define the proteome of human HD patient-derived MSNs. We differentiated HD72 induced pluripotent stem cells and isogenic controls into MSNs and carried out quantitative proteomic analysis. Using data-dependent acquisitions with FAIMS for label-free quantification on the Orbitrap Lumos mass spectrometer, we identified 6,323 proteins with at least two unique peptides. Of these, 901 proteins were altered significantly more in the HD72-MSNs than in isogenic controls. Functional enrichment analysis of upregulated proteins demonstrated extracellular matrix and DNA signaling (DNA replication pathway, double-strand break repair, G1/S transition) with the highest significance. Conversely, processes associated with the downregulated proteins included neurogenesis-axogenesis, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-signaling pathway, Ephrin-A: EphA pathway, regulation of synaptic plasticity, triglyceride homeostasis cholesterol, plasmid lipoprotein particle immune response, interferon-γ signaling, immune system major histocompatibility complex, lipid metabolism and cellular response to stimulus. Moreover, proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of axons, dendrites, and synapses (e.g., Septin protein members) were dysregulated in HD72-MSNs. Importantly, lipid metabolism pathways were altered, and using quantitative image, we found analysis that lipid droplets accumulated in the HD72-MSN, suggesting a deficit in the turnover of lipids possibly through lipophagy. Our proteomics analysis of HD72-MSNs identified relevant pathways that are altered in MSNs and confirm current and new therapeutic targets for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Galicia Aguirre
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90893, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIA), NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, 21244, USA
| | - Sicheng Song
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | | | - Swati Naphade
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Ashley Loureiro
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Elena Battistoni
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile
| | - Cameron Wehrfritz
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Anja Holtz
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90893, USA.
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, 94945, USA; University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90893, USA.
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18
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Weems AD, Welf ES, Driscoll MK, Zhou FY, Mazloom-Farsibaf H, Chang BJ, Murali VS, Gihana GM, Weiss BG, Chi J, Rajendran D, Dean KM, Fiolka R, Danuser G. Blebs promote cell survival by assembling oncogenic signalling hubs. Nature 2023; 615:517-525. [PMID: 36859545 PMCID: PMC10881276 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Most human cells require anchorage for survival. Cell-substrate adhesion activates diverse signalling pathways, without which cells undergo anoikis-a form of programmed cell death1. Acquisition of anoikis resistance is a pivotal step in cancer disease progression, as metastasizing cells often lose firm attachment to surrounding tissue2,3. In these poorly attached states, cells adopt rounded morphologies and form small hemispherical plasma membrane protrusions called blebs4-11. Bleb function has been thoroughly investigated in the context of amoeboid migration, but it has been examined far less in other scenarios12. Here we show by three-dimensional imaging and manipulation of cell morphological states that blebbing triggers the formation of plasma membrane-proximal signalling hubs that confer anoikis resistance. Specifically, in melanoma cells, blebbing generates plasma membrane contours that recruit curvature-sensing septin proteins as scaffolds for constitutively active mutant NRAS and effectors. These signalling hubs activate ERK and PI3K-well-established promoters of pro-survival pathways. Inhibition of blebs or septins has little effect on the survival of well-adhered cells, but in detached cells it causes NRAS mislocalization, reduced MAPK and PI3K activity, and ultimately, death. This unveils a morphological requirement for mutant NRAS to operate as an effective oncoprotein. Furthermore, whereas some BRAF-mutated melanoma cells do not rely on this survival pathway in a basal state, inhibition of BRAF and MEK strongly sensitizes them to both bleb and septin inhibition. Moreover, fibroblasts engineered to sustain blebbing acquire the same anoikis resistance as cancer cells even without harbouring oncogenic mutations. Thus, blebs are potent signalling organelles capable of integrating myriad cellular information flows into concerted cellular responses, in this case granting robust anoikis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Weems
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Erik S Welf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Meghan K Driscoll
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Felix Y Zhou
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vasanth S Murali
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel M Gihana
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Byron G Weiss
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Radler MR, Liu X, Peng M, Doyle B, Toyo-Oka K, Spiliotis ET. Pyramidal neuron morphogenesis requires a septin network that stabilizes filopodia and suppresses lamellipodia during neurite initiation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:434-448.e8. [PMID: 36538929 PMCID: PMC9905282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons are a major cell type of the forebrain, consisting of a pyramidally shaped soma with axonal and apicobasal dendritic processes. It is poorly understood how the neuronal soma develops its pyramidal morphology, while generating neurites of the proper shape and orientation. Here, we discovered that the spherical somata of immature neurite-less neurons possess a circumferential wreath-like network of septin filaments, which promotes neuritogenesis by balancing the protrusive activity of lamellipodia and filopodia. In embryonic rat hippocampal and mouse cortical neurons, the septin wreath network consists of curvilinear filaments that contain septins 5, 7, and 11 (Sept5/7/11). The Sept5/7/11 wreath network demarcates a zone of myosin II enrichment and Arp2/3 diminution at the base of filopodial actin bundles. In Sept7-depleted neurons, cell bodies are enlarged with hyperextended lamellae and abnormally shaped neurites that originate from lamellipodia. This phenotype is accompanied by diminished myosin II and filopodia lifetimes and increased Arp2/3 and lamellipodial activity. Inhibition of Arp2/3 rescues soma and neurite phenotypes, indicating that the septin wreath network suppresses the extension of lamellipodia, facilitating the formation of neurites from the filopodia of a consolidated soma. We show that this septin function is critical for developing a pyramidally shaped soma with properly distributed and oriented dendrites in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and in vivo in mouse perinatal cortical neurons. Therefore, the somatic septin cytoskeleton provides a key morphogenetic mechanism for neuritogenesis and the development of pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Radler
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Megan Peng
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brenna Doyle
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Grupp B, Gronemeyer T. A biochemical view on the septins, a less known component of the cytoskeleton. Biol Chem 2023; 404:1-13. [PMID: 36423333 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The septins are a conserved family of guanine nucleotide binding proteins, often named the fourth component of the cytoskeleton. They self-assemble into non-polar filaments and further into higher ordered structures. Properly assembled septin structures are required for a wide range of indispensable intracellular processes such as cytokinesis, vesicular transport, polarity establishment and cellular adhesion. Septins belong structurally to the P-Loop NTPases. However, unlike the small GTPases like Ras, septins do not mediate signals to effectors through GTP binding and hydrolysis. The role of nucleotide binding and subsequent GTP hydrolysis by the septins is rather controversially debated. We compile here the structural features from the existing septin crystal- and cryo-EM structures regarding protofilament formation, inter-subunit interface architecture and nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. These findings are supplemented with a summary of available biochemical studies providing information regarding nucleotide binding and hydrolysis of fungal and mammalian septins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grupp
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, James Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, James Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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21
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Shin SY, Centenera MM, Hodgson JT, Nguyen EV, Butler LM, Daly RJ, Nguyen LK. A Boolean-based machine learning framework identifies predictive biomarkers of HSP90-targeted therapy response in prostate cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1094321. [PMID: 36743211 PMCID: PMC9892654 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1094321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine has emerged as an important paradigm in oncology, driven by the significant heterogeneity of individual patients' tumour. A key prerequisite for effective implementation of precision oncology is the development of companion biomarkers that can predict response to anti-cancer therapies and guide patient selection for clinical trials and/or treatment. However, reliable predictive biomarkers are currently lacking for many anti-cancer therapies, hampering their clinical application. Here, we developed a novel machine learning-based framework to derive predictive multi-gene biomarker panels and associated expression signatures that accurately predict cancer drug sensitivity. We demonstrated the power of the approach by applying it to identify response biomarker panels for an Hsp90-based therapy in prostate cancer, using proteomic data profiled from prostate cancer patient-derived explants. Our approach employs a rational feature section strategy to maximise model performance, and innovatively utilizes Boolean algebra methods to derive specific expression signatures of the marker proteins. Given suitable data for model training, the approach is also applicable to other cancer drug agents in different tumour settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Sung-Young Shin, ; Lan K. Nguyen,
| | - Margaret M. Centenera
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua T. Hodgson
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth V. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roger J. Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lan K. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Sung-Young Shin, ; Lan K. Nguyen,
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22
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Hinson SR, Honorat JA, Grund EM, Clarkson BD, Miske R, Scharf M, Zivelonghi C, Al-Lozi MT, Bucelli RC, Budhram A, Cho T, Choi E, Grell J, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Levin M, Merati M, Montalvo M, Pittock SJ, Wilson MR, Howe CL, McKeon A. Septin-5 and -7-IgGs: Neurologic, Serologic, and Pathophysiologic Characteristics. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:1090-1101. [PMID: 36053822 PMCID: PMC9672904 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We sought to determine clinical significance of neuronal septin autoimmunity and evaluate for potential IgG effects. METHODS Septin-IgGs were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs; mouse tissue and cell based) or Western blot. IgG binding to (and internalization of) extracellular septin epitopes were evaluated for by live rat hippocampal neuron assay. The impact of purified patient IgGs on murine cortical neuron function was determined by recording extracellular field potentials in a multielectrode array platform. RESULTS Septin-IgGs were identified in 23 patients. All 8 patients with septin-5-IgG detected had cerebellar ataxia, and 7 had prominent eye movement disorders. One of 2 patients with co-existing septin-7-IgG had additional psychiatric phenotype (apathy, emotional blunting, and poor insight). Fifteen patients had septin-7 autoimmunity, without septin-5-IgG detected. Disorders included encephalopathy (11; 2 patients with accompanying myelopathy, and 2 were relapsing), myelopathy (3), and episodic ataxia (1). Psychiatric symptoms (≥1 of agitation, apathy, catatonia, disorganized thinking, and paranoia) were prominent in 6 of 11 patients with encephalopathic symptoms. Eight of 10 patients with data available (from 23 total) improved after immunotherapy, and a further 2 patients improved spontaneously. Staining of plasma membranes of live hippocampal neurons produced by patient IgGs (subclasses 1 and 2) colocalized with pre- and post-synaptic markers. Decreased spiking and bursting behavior in mixed cultures of murine glutamatergic and GABAergic cortical neurons produced by patient IgGs were attributable to neither antigenic crosslinking and internalization nor complement activation. INTERPRETATION Septin-IgGs are predictive of distinct treatment-responsive autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Live neuron binding and induced electrophysiologic effects by patient IgGs may support septin-specific pathophysiology. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1090-1101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R. Hinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Josephe A. Honorat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ethan M. Grund
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | | | - Ramona Miske
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to
EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Madeleine Scharf
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to
EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Cecilia Zivelonghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian Budhram
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Tracey Cho
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa,
USA
| | - Ellie Choi
- Overlake Hospital, Bellevue, Washington, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Grell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Marc Levin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation,
Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Melody Merati
- Department of Neurology, Michigan State University,
Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mayra Montalvo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Sean J. Pittock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of
Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Andrew McKeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
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23
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Chromosome 2q12.3-q13 copy number variants in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders: genotype-phenotype correlation and new hotspots. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:171-177. [PMID: 35837682 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex structure of the chromosome 2q12.3-q13 region provides a high chance of recombination events between various low copy repeats (LCRs). Copy number variants (CNV) in this region are present in both healthy populations and individuals affected with developmental delay, autism and congenital anomalies. Variable expressivity, reduced penetrance and limited characterization of the affected genes have complicated the classification of the CNVs clinical significance. METHODS Chromosomal microarray analysis data were reviewed for 10 298 patients with neurodevelopmental disorders referred to the UPMC Medical Genetics and Genomics Laboratories. A genotype-phenotype correlation was performed among the patients harboring the 2q12.3-q13 CNVs with overlapping genomic intervals. RESULTS We identified 17 (1 in ~600) individuals with rare CNVs in the 2q12.3-q13 region, including nine patients with deletions, seven individuals with duplications and one patient who had both a deletion and a duplication. Likely pathogenic CNVs with the breakpoints between LCRs encompassing the potential dosage-sensitive genes BCL2L11, BUB1, FBLN7 and TMEM87B were the most common. CNVs were also observed between LCRs surrounding the RANBP2 and LIMS1 genes. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for pathogenic CNV hotspots within the chromosome 2q12.3-q13 region. We suggest CNV classification based on the affected interval and the involvement of potential dosage-sensitive genes in these patients.
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Gönczi M, Ráduly Z, Szabó L, Fodor J, Telek A, Dobrosi N, Balogh N, Szentesi P, Kis G, Antal M, Trencsenyi G, Dienes B, Csernoch L. Septin7 is indispensable for proper skeletal muscle architecture and function. eLife 2022; 11:e75863. [PMID: 35929607 PMCID: PMC9355566 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today septins are considered as the fourth component of the cytoskeleton, with the Septin7 isoform playing a critical role in the formation of higher-order structures. While its importance has already been confirmed in several intracellular processes of different organs, very little is known about its role in skeletal muscle. Here, using Septin7 conditional knockdown (KD) mouse model, the C2C12 cell line, and enzymatically isolated adult muscle fibers, the organization and localization of septin filaments are revealed, and an ontogenesis-dependent expression of Septin7 is demonstrated. KD mice displayed a characteristic hunchback phenotype with skeletal deformities, reduction in in vivo and in vitro force generation, and disorganized mitochondrial networks. Furthermore, knockout of Septin7 in C2C12 cells resulted in complete loss of cell division while KD cells provided evidence that Septin7 is essential for proper myotube differentiation. These and the transient increase in Septin7 expression following muscle injury suggest that it may be involved in muscle regeneration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Zsolt Ráduly
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - László Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Andrea Telek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Nóra Dobrosi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - György Trencsenyi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
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25
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Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Mordakhanova ER, Bi E, Vagin O, Weisel JW. Contribution of septins to human platelet structure and function. iScience 2022; 25:104654. [PMID: 35832887 PMCID: PMC9272382 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although septins have been well-studied in nucleated cells, their role in anucleate blood platelets remains obscure. Here, we elucidate the contribution of septins to human platelet structure and functionality. We show that Septin-2 and Septin-9 are predominantly distributed at the periphery of resting platelets and co-localize strongly with microtubules. Activation of platelets by thrombin causes clustering of septins and impairs their association with microtubules. Inhibition of septin dynamics with forchlorfenuron (FCF) reduces thrombin-induced densification of septins and lessens their colocalization with microtubules in resting and activated platelets. Exposure to FCF alters platelet shape, suggesting that septins stabilize platelet cytoskeleton. FCF suppresses platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation, promotes phosphatidylserine exposure on activated platelets, and induces P-selectin expression on resting platelets, suggesting septin involvement in these processes. Inhibition of septin dynamics substantially reduces platelet contractility and abrogates their spreading on fibrinogen-coated surfaces. Overall, septins strongly contribute to platelet structure, activation and biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elmira R. Mordakhanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga Vagin
- Department of Pediatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Song Y, Ren X, Gao F, Li F, Zhou J, Chen J, Zhang Y. LINC01588 regulates WWP2-mediated cardiomyocyte injury by interacting with HNRNPL. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1629-1641. [PMID: 35258167 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte dysfunction and apoptosis induced by ischemia-hypoxia are common features of many acute and chronic heart diseases. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase (WWP2) has been identified as an important regulator in pathogenesis of some health-threatening diseases. Although a couple of recent reports prompted the potential role of WWP2 in heart dysfunction, however, its exact role and how its expression was regulated in ischemic-hypoxic cardiomyocytes are still elusive. Here, we found that WWP2 protein level was induced in anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) treated cardiomyocytes in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by synchronous expression of LINC01588 and HNRNPL. Knockdown of LINC01588 increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the level of oxidative stress, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, down-regulated the expression of WWP2 and promoted expression of SEPT4 gene that contributed to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and was a target gene of WWP2. LINC01588 overexpression improved the functions of A/R treated cardiomyocytes, up-regulated WWP2 and reduced SEPT4 expression. In the mechanism exploration, we found that LINC01588 could directly bind with HNRNPL protein that could interact with WWP2, suggesting that WWP2 was involved in the regulation of LINC01588 in A/R treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, WWP2 inhibition declined the protective role of LINC01588 in cardiomyocyte dysfunction induced by A/R. Finally, we demonstrated that LINC01588 overexpression improved acute myocardial infarction in mice in vivo. In conclusion, LINC01588 improved A/R-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction by interacting with HNRNPL and promoting WWP2-mediated degradation of SEPT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiovasology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
- Heart and Brain Laboratory, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoyue Ren
- Department of Oncology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Cardiovasology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
- Heart and Brain Laboratory, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiovasology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
- Heart and Brain Laboratory, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiovasology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
- Heart and Brain Laboratory, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Cardiovasology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
- Heart and Brain Laboratory, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, China
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27
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Keppner A, Correia M, Santambrogio S, Koay TW, Maric D, Osterhof C, Winter DV, Clerc A, Stumpe M, Chalmel F, Dewilde S, Odermatt A, Kressler D, Hankeln T, Wenger RH, Hoogewijs D. Androglobin, a chimeric mammalian globin, is required for male fertility. eLife 2022; 11:72374. [PMID: 35700329 PMCID: PMC9249397 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a highly specialized differentiation process driven by a dynamic gene expression program and ending with the production of mature spermatozoa. Whereas hundreds of genes are known to be essential for male germline proliferation and differentiation, the contribution of several genes remains uncharacterized. The predominant expression of the latest globin family member, androglobin (Adgb), in mammalian testis tissue prompted us to assess its physiological function in spermatogenesis. Adgb knockout mice display male infertility, reduced testis weight, impaired maturation of elongating spermatids, abnormal sperm shape, and ultrastructural defects in microtubule and mitochondrial organization. Epididymal sperm from Adgb knockout animals display multiple flagellar malformations including coiled, bifid or shortened flagella, and erratic acrosomal development. Following immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we could identify septin 10 (Sept10) as interactor of Adgb. The Sept10-Adgb interaction was confirmed both in vivo using testis lysates and in vitro by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Furthermore, the absence of Adgb leads to mislocalization of Sept10 in sperm, indicating defective manchette and sperm annulus formation. Finally, in vitro data suggest that Adgb contributes to Sept10 proteolysis in a calmodulin-dependent manner. Collectively, our results provide evidence that Adgb is essential for murine spermatogenesis and further suggest that Adgb is required for sperm head shaping via the manchette and proper flagellum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keppner
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular system, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Correia
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular system, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Teng Wei Koay
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular system, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Darko Maric
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular system, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carina Osterhof
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolutionary Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Denise V Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angèle Clerc
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular system, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylvia Dewilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Kressler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolutionary Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular system, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Rubio-Miranda JÁ, Cázares-Raga FE, Coy-Arechavaleta AS, Viettri M, Cortes-Martínez L, Lagunes-Guillén A, Chavez-Munguía B, Ludert JE, Hernández-Hernández FDLC. Septin 2 interacts with dengue virus replication complex proteins and participates in virus replication in mosquito cells. Virology 2022; 570:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Moore KS, Moore R, Fulmer DB, Guo L, Gensemer C, Stairley R, Glover J, Beck TC, Morningstar JE, Biggs R, Muhkerjee R, Awgulewitsch A, Norris RA. DCHS1, Lix1L, and the Septin Cytoskeleton: Molecular and Developmental Etiology of Mitral Valve Prolapse. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:62. [PMID: 35200715 PMCID: PMC8874669 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac valve disease that often progresses to serious secondary complications requiring surgery. MVP manifests as extracellular matrix disorganization and biomechanically incompetent tissues in the adult setting. However, MVP has recently been shown to have a developmental basis, as multiple causal genes expressed during embryonic development have been identified. Disease phenotypes have been observed in mouse models with human MVP mutations as early as birth. This study focuses on the developmental function of DCHS1, one of the first genes to be shown as causal in multiple families with non-syndromic MVP. By using various biochemical techniques as well as mouse and cell culture models, we demonstrate a unique link between DCHS1-based cell adhesions and the septin-actin cytoskeleton through interactions with cytoplasmic protein Lix1-Like (LIX1L). This DCHS1-LIX1L-SEPT9 axis interacts with and promotes filamentous actin organization to direct cell-ECM alignment and valve tissue shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S. Moore
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Reece Moore
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Diana B. Fulmer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Lilong Guo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cortney Gensemer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Rebecca Stairley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Janiece Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Tyler C. Beck
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Jordan E. Morningstar
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Rachel Biggs
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Rupak Muhkerjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Alexander Awgulewitsch
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.S.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (C.G.); (R.S.); (J.G.); (T.C.B.); (J.E.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
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30
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Renella R, Gagne K, Beauchamp E, Fogel J, Perlov A, Sola M, Schlaeger T, Hofmann I, Shimamura A, Ebert BL, Schmitz-Abe K, Markianos K, Murphy K, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Sliz P, Campagna DR, Springer TA, Bahl C, Agarwal S, Fleming MD, Williams DA. Congenital X-linked neutropenia with myelodysplasia and somatic tetraploidy due to a germline mutation in SEPT6. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:18-29. [PMID: 34677878 PMCID: PMC8671325 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Septins play key roles in mammalian cell division and cytokinesis but have not previously been implicated in a germline human disorder. A male infant with severe neutropenia and progressive dysmyelopoiesis with tetraploid myeloid precursors was identified. No known genetic etiologies for neutropenia or bone marrow failure were found. However, next-generation sequencing of germline samples from the patient revealed a novel, de novo germline stop-loss mutation in the X-linked gene SEPT6 that resulted in reduced SEPT6 staining in bone marrow granulocyte precursors and megakaryocytes. Patient skin fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) produced reduced myeloid colonies, particularly of the granulocyte lineage. CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in of the patient's mutation or complete knock-out of SEPT6 was not tolerated in non-patient-derived iPSCs or human myeloid cell lines, but SEPT6 knock-out was successful in an erythroid cell line and resulting clones revealed a propensity to multinucleation. In silico analysis predicts that the mutated protein hinders the dimerization of SEPT6 coiled-coils in both parallel and antiparallel arrangements, which could in turn impair filament formation. These data demonstrate a critical role for SEPT6 in chromosomal segregation in myeloid progenitors that can account for the unusual predisposition to aneuploidy and dysmyelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Katelyn Gagne
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ellen Beauchamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jonathan Fogel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Aleksej Perlov
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mireia Sola
- Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, USA
| | - Thorsten Schlaeger
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Inga Hofmann
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Present address: Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kristi Murphy
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Piotr Sliz
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA,Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, USA,Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, USA
| | - Christopher Bahl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Institute for Protein Innovation, Boston, USA
| | - Suneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David A Williams
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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UBC Mediated by SEPT6 Inhibited the Progression of Prostate Cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:7393029. [PMID: 34966246 PMCID: PMC8712179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7393029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Protein ubiquitination is an important mechanism for regulating protein activity and level in vivo. We aimed to study the mechanism of SEPT6 and UBC action in prostate cancer to identify new targets. Methods The ubiquitin-protein and the ubiquitin coding gene UBA52, UBA80, UBB, and UBC expressions were detected in clinical tissues and cells. Overexpression and knockdown of UBC were performed in prostate cancer DU145 cells. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to detect cell proliferation. Cell cycle at 24 h was detected by flow cytometry. Clonal formation assay was used to measure cell clone number. Immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to detect the colocalization of SEPT6 and UBC in prostate cancer cells. Next, we overexpressed or knocked down SEPT6 expression in DU145 cells. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to analyze the relationship between SEPT6 and UBC in prostate cancer tissue. oe-SEPT6+oe-UBC coexpressing cells were constructed to detect the upstream and downstream relationship between SEPT6 and UBC on prostate cancer cells. The tumor formation experiment was performed to explore SEPT6/UBC effect on prostate cancer. Results UBC was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cells. Overexpression of UBC promoted cell survival and proliferation. IF revealed the colocalization of SEPT6 and UBC in prostate cancer cells. UBC expression decreased after oe-SEPT6, while increased after sh-SEPT6, indicating that UBC was downstream of SEPT6. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that SEPT6 was negatively correlated with UBC in prostate cancer tissues. SEPT6 as an upstream gene of UBC regulated prostate cancer cell behavior through UBC. The tumor formation experiment showed that SEPT6 could inhibit tumor growth. Conclusion In general, SEPT6 inhibited UBC expression, thereby reducing the overall ubiquitination level, affecting the expression level of downstream cell proliferation-related genes, and then affecting the progression of prostate cancer.
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Marquardt J, Chen X, Bi E. Septin Assembly and Remodeling at the Cell Division Site During the Cell Cycle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:793920. [PMID: 34901034 PMCID: PMC8656427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The septin family of proteins can assemble into filaments that further organize into different higher order structures to perform a variety of different functions in different cell types and organisms. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the septins localize to the presumptive bud site as a cortical ring prior to bud emergence, expand into an hourglass at the bud neck (cell division site) during bud growth, and finally “split” into a double ring sandwiching the cell division machinery during cytokinesis. While much work has been done to understand the functions and molecular makeups of these structures, the mechanisms underlying the transitions from one structure to another have largely remained elusive. Recent studies involving advanced imaging and in vitro reconstitution have begun to reveal the vast complexity involved in the regulation of these structural transitions, which defines the focus of discussion in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Marquardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Neubauer K, Zieger B. Role of Septins in Endothelial Cells and Platelets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:768409. [PMID: 34858990 PMCID: PMC8632023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are conserved cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins identified in almost all eukaryotes except higher plants. Mammalian septins comprise 13 family members with either ubiquitous or organ- and tissue-specific expression patterns. They form filamentous oligomers and complexes with other proteins to serve as diffusions barrier and/or multi-molecular scaffolds to function in a physiologically regulated manner. Diverse septins are highly expressed in endothelial cells and platelets, which play an important role in hemostasis, a process to prevent blood loss after vascular injury. Endothelial septins are involved in cellular processes such as exocytosis and in processes concerning organismal level, like angiogenesis. Septins are additionally found in endothelial cell-cell junctions where their presence is required to maintain the integrity of the barrier function of vascular endothelial monolayers. In platelets, septins are important for activation, degranulation, adhesion, and aggregation. They have been identified as mediators of distinct platelet functions and being essential in primary and secondary hemostatic processes. Septin-knockout mouse studies show the relevance of septins in several aspects of hemostasis. This is in line with reports that dysregulation of septins is clinically relevant in human bleeding disorders. The precise function of septins in the biology of endothelial cells and platelets remains poorly understood. The following mini-review highlights the current knowledge about the role of septin cytoskeleton in regulating critical functions in these two cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Neubauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Hanbuli HME, Amer SII, Ibrahim HA. Expression of Septin 2 and Her2/neu in Colorectal Cancer. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2021; 10:197-203. [PMID: 36687331 PMCID: PMC9846928 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_38_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease. Septin 2 belongs to the same class of GTPases as the RAS oncogenes influence the invasion and metastasis of many types of tumor cells. Furthermore, HER2/neu is involved in the tumor genesis and progression of various types of tumors. The role of both molecules is still questionable in CRC. Aim The aim of the study is to examine the expression of septin 2 and Her2/neu in patients with CRC. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 2 groups; the first group consisted of 70 paraffin blocks for CRC patients and the second group was formed of 24 blocks from patients diagnosed as colorectal adenoma. For each adenoma and carcinoma case, a section was immunohistochemically stained using antihuman SEPT2 polyclonal antibody. For each carcinoma case, another section was immunostained using monoclonal anti-HER2/neu. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with the collected clinicopathologic data of the cases. Results For the carcinoma patients, there was a significant association between SEPT2 staining intensity and histologic type (P = 0.001) and grade (P < 0.001), tumor T (P = 0.001) and N (P = 0.011) stages and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) and a significant association between Her2/neu immunoreactivity scores (IRSs) and histologic grade (P = 0.048), tumor T (P < 0.001) and N (P = 0.019) stages and the presence of perineural (P = 0.004) and lymphovascular (P = 0.003) invasion. In colonic adenoma patients, there was a significant relation between septin 2 IRSs and the grade of dysplasia in the adenoma (P < 0.001) and significant relation with its expression in carcinoma group (P < 0.001). Conclusion A potential prognostic role of septin 2 and Her2/neu for patients with CRC is suggested as expression of both markers was associated with many important prognostic clinicopathologic variables in patients of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M. El Hanbuli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt,Address for correspondence: Associate Prof. Hala M. El Hanbuli, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Keman Fares, Fayoum Governorate, Faiyum 63514, Egypt. E-mail:
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PIAS1 Regulates Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Lipid Droplet Accumulation by Controlling Septin 9 and Microtubule Filament Assembly. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101327. [PMID: 34684276 PMCID: PMC8537804 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to fibrosis and chronic hepatitis, then cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The processes of the HVC life cycle involve intimate interactions between viral and host cell proteins and lipid metabolism. However, the molecules and mechanisms involved in this tripartite interaction remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that the infection of HCC-derived Huh7.5 cells with HCV promotes upregulation of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1). Reciprocally, PIAS1 regulated the expression of HCV core protein and HCV-induced LD accumulation and impaired HCV replication. Furthermore, PIAS1 controlled HCV-promoted septin 9 filament formation and microtubule polymerization. Subsequently, we found that PIAS1 interacted with septin 9 and controlled its assembly on filaments, which thus affected septin 9-induced lipid droplet accumulation. Taken together, these data reveal that PIAS1 regulates the accumulation of lipid droplets and offer a meaningful insight into how HCV interacts with host proteins.
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Garza M, Piquet AL. Update in Autoimmune Movement Disorders: Newly Described Antigen Targets in Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Ataxia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683048. [PMID: 34489848 PMCID: PMC8416494 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders are a common feature of many antibody-associated neurological disorders. In fact, cerebellar ataxia is one of the most common manifestations of autoimmune neurological diseases. Some of the first autoantibodies identified against antigen targets include anti-neuronal nuclear antibody type 1 (ANNA-1 or anti-Hu) and Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody (PCA-1) also known as anti-Yo have been identified in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Historically these antibodies have been associated with an underlying malignancy; however, recently discovered antibodies can occur in the absence of cancer as well, resulting in the clinical syndrome of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. The pace of discovery of new antibodies associated with autoimmune or paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia has increased rapidly over the last few years, and pathogenesis and potential treatment options remains to be explored. Here we will review the literature on recently discovered antibodies associated with autoimmune and paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia including adaptor protein-3B2 (AP3B2); inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptor type 1 (ITPR1); tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins 9, 67, and 46; neurochondrin; neuronal intermediate filament light chain (NIF); septin 5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2); seizure-related 6 homolog like 2 (SEZ6L2) and homer-3 antibodies. We will review their clinical characteristics, imaging and CSF findings and treatment response. In addition, we will discuss two clinical case examples of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Garza
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amanda L Piquet
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Devlin L, Okletey J, Perkins G, Bowen JR, Nakos K, Montagna C, Spiliotis ET. Proteomic profiling of the oncogenic septin 9 reveals isoform-specific interactions in breast cancer cells. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100155. [PMID: 34409731 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Septins are a family of multimeric GTP-binding proteins, which are abnormally expressed in cancer. Septin 9 (SEPT9) is an essential and ubiquitously expressed septin with multiple isoforms, which have differential expression patterns and effects in breast cancer cells. It is unknown, however, if SEPT9 isoforms associate with different molecular networks and functions. Here, we performed a proteomic screen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to identify the interactome of GFP-SEPT9 isoforms 1, 4 and 5, which vary significantly in their N-terminal extensions. While all three isoforms associated with SEPT2 and SEPT7, the truncated SEPT9_i4 and SEPT9_i5 interacted with septins of the SEPT6 group more promiscuously than SEPT9_i1, which bound predominately SEPT8. Spatial mapping and functional clustering of non-septin partners showed isoform-specific differences in interactions with proteins of distinct subcellular organelles (e.g., nuclei, centrosomes, cilia) and functions such as cell signalling and ubiquitination. The interactome of the full length SEPT9_i1 was more enriched in cytoskeletal regulators, while the truncated SEPT9_i4 and SEPT9_i5 exhibited preferential and isoform-specific interactions with nuclear, signalling, and ubiquitinating proteins. These data provide evidence for isoform-specific interactions, which arise from truncations in the N-terminal extensions of SEPT9, and point to novel roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Devlin
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua Okletey
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Bowen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Radiology & Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Iv F, Martins CS, Castro-Linares G, Taveneau C, Barbier P, Verdier-Pinard P, Camoin L, Audebert S, Tsai FC, Ramond L, Llewellyn A, Belhabib M, Nakazawa K, Di Cicco A, Vincentelli R, Wenger J, Cabantous S, Koenderink GH, Bertin A, Mavrakis M. Insights into animal septins using recombinant human septin octamers with distinct SEPT9 isoforms. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258484. [PMID: 34350965 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septin GTP-binding proteins contribute essential biological functions that range from the establishment of cell polarity to animal tissue morphogenesis. Human septins in cells form hetero-octameric septin complexes containing the ubiquitously expressed SEPT9 subunit (also known as SEPTIN9). Despite the established role of SEPT9 in mammalian development and human pathophysiology, biochemical and biophysical studies have relied on monomeric SEPT9, thus not recapitulating its native assembly into hetero-octameric complexes. We established a protocol that enabled, for the first time, the isolation of recombinant human septin octamers containing distinct SEPT9 isoforms. A combination of biochemical and biophysical assays confirmed the octameric nature of the isolated complexes in solution. Reconstitution studies showed that octamers with either a long or a short SEPT9 isoform form filament assemblies, and can directly bind and cross-link actin filaments, raising the possibility that septin-decorated actin structures in cells reflect direct actin-septin interactions. Recombinant SEPT9-containing octamers will make it possible to design cell-free assays to dissect the complex interactions of septins with cell membranes and the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Iv
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Carla Silva Martins
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Gerard Castro-Linares
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cyntia Taveneau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Pascale Barbier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Verdier-Pinard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Department of Living Matter, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurie Ramond
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Alex Llewellyn
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Mayssa Belhabib
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Koyomi Nakazawa
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Di Cicco
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), CNRS UMR7257, Aix Marseille Univ, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Jerome Wenger
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, CNRS, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Living Matter, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR7249, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
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Salameh J, Cantaloube I, Benoit B, Poüs C, Baillet A. Cdc42 and its BORG2 and BORG3 effectors control the subcellular localization of septins between actin stress fibers and microtubules. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4088-4103.e5. [PMID: 34329591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell resistance to taxanes involves several complementary mechanisms, among which septin relocalization from actin stress fibers to microtubules plays an early role. By investigating the molecular mechanism underlying this relocalization, we found that acute paclitaxel treatment triggers the release from stress fibers and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of binder of Rho GTPases 2 (BORG2)/Cdc42 effector protein 3 (Cdc42EP3) and to a lesser extent of BORG3/Cdc42EP5, two Cdc42 effectors that link septins to actin in interphase cells. BORG2 or BORG3 silencing not only caused septin detachment from stress fibers but also mimicked the effects of paclitaxel by triggering both septin relocalization to microtubules and significant drug resistance. Conversely, BORG2 or BORG3 overexpression retained septins on actin fibers even after paclitaxel treatment, without affecting paclitaxel sensitivity. We found that drug-induced inhibition of Cdc42 resulted in a drop in BORG2 level and in the relocalization of septins to microtubules. Accordingly, although septins relocalized when overexpressing an inactive mutant of Cdc42, the expression of a constitutively active mutant acted locally at actin stress fibers to prevent septin release, even after paclitaxel treatment. These findings reveal the role of Cdc42 upstream of BORG2 and BORG3 in controlling the interplay between septins, actin fibers, and microtubules in basal condition and in response to taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Salameh
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Cantaloube
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Béatrice Benoit
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Clamart, France.
| | - Anita Baillet
- INSERM UMR-S 1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Spiliotis ET, Kesisova IA. Spatial regulation of microtubule-dependent transport by septin GTPases. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:979-993. [PMID: 34253430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular long-range transport of membrane vesicles and organelles is mediated by microtubule motors (kinesins, dynein) which move cargo with spatiotemporal accuracy and efficiency. How motors navigate the microtubule network and coordinate their activity on membrane cargo are fundamental but poorly understood questions. New studies show that microtubule-dependent membrane traffic is spatially controlled by septins - a unique family of multimerizing GTPases that associate with microtubules and membrane organelles. We review how septins selectively regulate motor interactions with microtubules and membrane cargo. We posit that septins provide a novel traffic code that specifies the movement and directionality of select motor-cargo complexes on distinct microtubule tracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias T Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ilona A Kesisova
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Mendonça DC, Guimarães SL, Pereira HD, Pinto AA, de Farias MA, de Godoy AS, Araujo APU, van Heel M, Portugal RV, Garratt RC. An atomic model for the human septin hexamer by cryo-EM. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167096. [PMID: 34116125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to form functional filaments, human septins must assemble into hetero-oligomeric rod-like particles which polymerize end-to-end. The rules governing the assembly of these particles and the subsequent filaments are incompletely understood. Although crystallographic approaches have been successful in studying the separate components of the system, there has been difficulty in obtaining high resolution structures of the full particle. Here we report a first cryo-EM structure for a hexameric rod composed of human septins 2, 6 and 7 with a global resolution of ~3.6 Å and a local resolution of between ~3.0 Å and ~5.0 Å. By fitting the previously determined high-resolution crystal structures of the component subunits into the cryo-EM map, we are able to provide an essentially complete model for the particle. This exposes SEPT2 NC-interfaces at the termini of the hexamer and leaves internal cavities between the SEPT6-SEPT7 pairs. The floor of the cavity is formed by the two α0 helices including their polybasic regions. These are locked into place between the two subunits by interactions made with the α5 and α6 helices of the neighbouring monomer together with its polyacidic region. The cavity may serve to provide space allowing the subunits to move with respect to one another. The elongated particle shows a tendency to bend at its centre where two copies of SEPT7 form a homodimeric G-interface. Such bending is almost certainly related to the ability of septin filaments to recognize and even induce membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana P U Araujo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marin van Heel
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Portugal
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Spiliotis ET, McMurray MA. Masters of asymmetry - lessons and perspectives from 50 years of septins. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 31:2289-2297. [PMID: 32991244 PMCID: PMC7851956 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are a unique family of GTPases, which were discovered 50 years ago as essential genes for the asymmetric cell shape and division of budding yeast. Septins assemble into filamentous nonpolar polymers, which associate with distinct membrane macrodomains and subpopulations of actin filaments and microtubules. While structurally a cytoskeleton-like element, septins function predominantly as spatial regulators of protein localization and interactions. Septin scaffolds and barriers have provided a long-standing paradigm for the generation and maintenance of asymmetry in cell membranes. Septins also promote asymmetry by regulating the spatial organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, and biasing the directionality of membrane traffic. In this 50th anniversary perspective, we highlight how septins have conserved and adapted their roles as effectors of membrane and cytoplasmic asymmetry across fungi and animals. We conclude by outlining principles of septin function as a module of symmetry breaking, which alongside the monomeric small GTPases provides a core mechanism for the biogenesis of molecular asymmetry and cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Rabie EM, Zhang SX, Dunn CE, Nelson CM. Substratum stiffness signals through integrin-linked kinase and β1-integrin to regulate midbody proteins and abscission during EMT. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1664-1676. [PMID: 34038147 PMCID: PMC8684726 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscission is the final stage of cytokinesis during which the parent cell physically separates to yield two identical daughters. Failure of abscission results in multinucleation (MNC), a sign of genomic instability and a precursor to aneuploidy, enabling characteristics of neoplastic progression. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes MNC in mammary epithelial cells cultured on stiff microenvironments that have mechanical properties similar to those found in breast tumors, but not on soft microenvironments reminiscent of the normal mammary gland. Here we report that on stiff microenvironments, EMT signaling through Snail up-regulates the midbody-associated proteins septin-6, Mklp1, and anillin, leading to abscission failure and MNC. To uncover the mechanism by which stiff microenvironments promote MNC in cells undergoing EMT, we investigated the role of cell-matrix adhesion through β1-integrin and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). We found that ILK expression, but not kinase activity, is required for EMT-associated MNC in cells on stiff microenvironments. Conversely, increasing focal adhesions by expressing an autoclustering mutant of β1-integrin promotes MNC in cells on soft microenvironments. Our data suggest that signaling through focal adhesions causes failure of cytokinesis in cells actively undergoing EMT. These results highlight the importance of tissue mechanics and adhesion in regulating the cellular response to EMT inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emann M Rabie
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854.,Departments of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Sherry X Zhang
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Connor E Dunn
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.,Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Abstract
Septins are an integral component of the cytoskeleton, assembling into higher-order oligomers and filamentous polymers that associate with actin filaments, microtubules and membranes. Here, we review septin interactions with actin and microtubules, and septin-mediated regulation of the organization and dynamics of these cytoskeletal networks, which is critical for cellular morphogenesis. We discuss how actomyosin-associated septins function in cytokinesis, cell migration and host defense against pathogens. We highlight newly emerged roles of septins at the interface of microtubules and membranes with molecular motors, which point to a 'septin code' for the regulation of membrane traffic. Additionally, we revisit the functions of microtubule-associated septins in mitosis and meiosis. In sum, septins comprise a unique module of cytoskeletal regulators that are spatially and functionally specialized and have properties of bona fide actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins. With many questions still outstanding, the study of septins will continue to provide new insights into fundamental problems of cytoskeletal organization and function.
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45
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Robertin S, Mostowy S. The history of septin biology and bacterial infection. Cell Microbiol 2021; 22:e13173. [PMID: 32185906 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cytoskeleton during bacterial infection has significantly contributed to both cell and infection biology. Bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri are widely recognised as paradigms for investigation of the cytoskeleton during bacterial entry, actin-based motility, and cell-autonomous immunity. At the turn of the century, septins were a poorly understood component of the cytoskeleton mostly studied in the context of yeast cell division and human cancer. In 2002, a screen performed in the laboratory of Pascale Cossart identified septin family member MSF (MLL septin-like fusion, now called SEPT9) associated with L. monocytogenes entry into human epithelial cells. These findings inspired the investigation of septins during L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri infection at the Institut Pasteur, illuminating important roles for septins in host-microbe interactions. In this review, we revisit the history of septin biology and bacterial infection, and discuss how the comparative study of L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri has been instrumental to understand septin roles in cellular homeostasis and host defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevens Robertin
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Moraleda CP, Robledo D, Gutiérrez AP, Del-Pozo J, Yáñez JM, Houston RD. Investigating mechanisms underlying genetic resistance to Salmon Rickettsial Syndrome in Atlantic salmon using RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:156. [PMID: 33676414 PMCID: PMC7936450 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmon Rickettsial Syndrome (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in Atlantic salmon aquaculture, particularly in Chile. Host resistance is a heritable trait, and functional genomic studies have highlighted genes and pathways important in the response of salmon to the bacteria. However, the functional mechanisms underpinning genetic resistance are not yet well understood. In the current study, a large population of salmon pre-smolts were challenged with P. salmonis, with mortality levels recorded and samples taken for genotyping. In parallel, head kidney and liver samples were taken from animals of the same population with high and low genomic breeding values for resistance, and used for RNA-Sequencing to compare their transcriptome profile both pre and post infection. Results A significant and moderate heritability (h2 = 0.43) was shown for the trait of binary survival. Genome-wide association analyses using 38 K imputed SNP genotypes across 2265 animals highlighted that resistance is a polygenic trait. Several thousand genes were identified as differentially expressed between controls and infected samples, and enriched pathways related to the host immune response were highlighted. In addition, several networks with significant correlation with SRS resistance breeding values were identified, suggesting their involvement in mediating genetic resistance. These included apoptosis, cytoskeletal organisation, and the inflammasome. Conclusions While resistance to SRS is a polygenic trait, this study has highlighted several relevant networks and genes that are likely to play a role in mediating genetic resistance. These genes may be future targets for functional studies, including genome editing, to further elucidate their role underpinning genetic variation in host resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07443-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P Moraleda
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alejandro P Gutiérrez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - José M Yáñez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Livestock Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Septins in Infections: Focus on Viruses. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030278. [PMID: 33801245 PMCID: PMC8001386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human septins comprise a family of 13 genes that encode conserved GTP-binding proteins. They form nonpolar complexes, which assemble into higher-order structures, such as bundles, scaffolding structures, or rings. Septins are counted among the cytoskeletal elements. They interact with the actin and microtubule networks and can bind to membranes. Many cellular functions with septin participation have been described in the literature, including cytokinesis, motility, forming of scaffolding platforms or lateral diffusion barriers, vesicle transport, exocytosis, and recognition of micron-scale curvature. Septin dysfunction has been implicated in diverse human pathologies, including neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis. Moreover, septins are thought to affect the outcome of host–microbe interactions. Implication of septins has been demonstrated in fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. Knowledge on the precise function of a particular septin in the different steps of the virus infection and replication cycle is still limited. Published data for vaccinia virus (VACV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), influenza A virus (H1N1 and H5N1), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and Zika virus (ZIKV), all of major concern for public health, will be discussed here.
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Wang P, Zhang X, Huo H, Wang S, Song X, Huo J. Septin14, a gene specifically expressed in the testis and seminal vesicle of the Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI). Anim Reprod 2021; 17:e20200521. [PMID: 33791027 PMCID: PMC7995261 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Septin14 is an important spermatogenesis related gene involved in the pathogenesis of male infertility that has not been well studied. Here, full-length Septin14 cDNA of the Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI) was cloned using the RACE method and expressed in pig kidney epithelial cells (PK15) and E. coli Rosetta (DE3) cells. Septin14 expression was identified in somatic tissues and testis in different developmental stages. The pig Septin14 CDS is 1,299 bp long, and encodes a peptide (or protein) of 432 amino acids (MW=50.4 kDa). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that pig Septin14 was highly evolutionarily conserved. Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged Septin14 fusion protein revealed that Septin14 was distributed throughout the testicular cells. Among 34 pig tissues, Septin14 mRNA was found specifically in testis and seminal vesicle. In six different postnatal developmental stages, the testicular level of Septin14 mRNA was barely detectable on day 2, while the highest level occurred on day 75. The spatiotemporal expression profile of Septin14, reported herein for the first time in pig, indicated that Septin14 might be involved in the division, development and apoptosis of germ cells. Furthermore, using a pET prokaryotic expression system, we expressed and isolated recombinant 67.9 kDa Septin14 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hailong Huo
- Teaching Affairs Department, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuyan Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Song
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinlong Huo
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Protein Kinase A-Mediated Septin7 Phosphorylation Disrupts Septin Filaments and Ciliogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020361. [PMID: 33572403 PMCID: PMC7916176 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are GTP-binding proteins that form heteromeric filaments for proper cell growth and migration. Among the septins, septin7 (SEPT7) is an important component of all septin filaments. Here we show that protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates SEPT7 at Thr197, thus disrupting septin filament dynamics and ciliogenesis. The Thr197 residue of SEPT7, a PKA phosphorylating site, was conserved among different species. Treatment with cAMP or overexpression of PKA catalytic subunit (PKACA2) induced SEPT7 phosphorylation, followed by disruption of septin filament formation. Constitutive phosphorylation of SEPT7 at Thr197 reduced SEPT7‒SEPT7 interaction, but did not affect SEPT7‒SEPT6‒SEPT2 or SEPT4 interaction. Moreover, we noted that SEPT7 interacted with PKACA2 via its GTP-binding domain. Furthermore, PKA-mediated SEPT7 phosphorylation disrupted primary cilia formation. Thus, our data uncover the novel biological function of SEPT7 phosphorylation in septin filament polymerization and primary cilia formation.
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Kim J, Cooper JA. Junctional Localization of Septin 2 Is Required for Organization of Junctional Proteins in Static Endothelial Monolayers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:346-359. [PMID: 33147991 PMCID: PMC7769918 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Septin 2 is localized at junctions in human microvascular endothelial monolayers. The junctional localization of septin 2 is necessary for organization of cell-cell adhesion proteins of endothelial cells. Approach and Results: Septin 2 was depleted at junctions by suppression of expression using shRNA, treatment with inflammatory cytokine, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, and ectopic overexpression of septin 2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding mutant defect in interaction with plasma membrane. Under those conditions, organizations and expression levels of various junctional proteins were analyzed. Confocal images of immunofluorescence staining showed substantial disorganization of adherens junctional proteins, nectin-2 and afadin, TJP (tight junction protein), ZO (zonula occludens)-1, and intercellular adhesion protein, PECAM-1 (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1). Immunoblots for those proteins did not show significant changes in expression except for nectin-2 that highly increased in expression. Significant differential gene expression profiles and biological pathway analysis by septin 2 suppression and by TNF-α treatment using RNA-seq showed common overlapping pathways. The commonalities in expression may be consistent with the similar effects on the overall organization of cell-cell adhesion proteins. CONCLUSIONS Localization of septin 2 at cell junctions are required for the arrangement of junctional proteins and the integrity of the barrier formed by endothelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John A. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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