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Yeo JCC, Muiruri JK, Fei X, Wang T, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Thitsartarn W, Tanoto H, He C, Li Z. Innovative biomaterials for food packaging: Unlocking the potential of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymers. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213929. [PMID: 39024863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters show a good balance between sustainability and performance, making them a competitive alternative to conventional plastics for ecofriendly food packaging. With an emphasis on developments over the last decade (2014-2024), this review examines the revolutionary potential of PHAs as a sustainable food packaging material option. It also delves into the current state of commercial development, competitiveness, and the carbon footprint associated with PHA-based products. First, a critical examination of the challenges experienced by PHAs in terms of food packaging requirements is undertaken, followed by an assessment of contemporary strategies addressing permeability, mechanical properties, and processing considerations. The various PHA packaging end-of-life options, including a comprehensive overview of the environmental impact and potential solutions will also be discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are elucidated with a view of prospecting PHAs as future green materials, with a blend of performance and sustainability of food packaging solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayven Chee Chuan Yeo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Joseph Kinyanjui Muiruri
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE(2)), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xikui Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yihang Xiao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Warintorn Thitsartarn
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hendrix Tanoto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE(2)), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore.
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2
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Melendez-Rodriguez B, Prieto C, Pardo-Figuerez M, Angulo I, Bourbon AI, Amado IR, Cerqueira MA, Pastrana LM, Hilliou LHG, Vicente AA, Cabedo L, Lagaron JM. Multilayer Film Comprising Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate and Cellulose Nanocrystals with High Barrier and Compostable Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2095. [PMID: 39125122 PMCID: PMC11314578 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a multilayer, high-barrier, thin blown film based on a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) blend with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and composed of four layers including a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) barrier layer and an electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) hot-tack layer, was characterized in terms of the surface roughness, surface tension, migration, mechanical and peel performance, barrier properties, and disintegration rate. The results showed that the film exhibited a smooth surface. The overall migration tests showed that the material is suitable to be used as a food contact layer. The addition of the CNC interlayer had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the system, drastically reducing the elongation at break and, thus, the flexibility of the material. The film containing CNCs and electrospun PHBV hot-tack interlayers exhibited firm but not strong adhesion. However, the multilayer was a good barrier to water vapor (2.4 ± 0.1 × 10-12 kg·m-2·s-1·Pa-1), and especially to oxygen (0.5 ± 0.3 × 10-15 m3·m-2·s-1·Pa-1), the permeance of which was reduced by up to 90% when the CNC layer was added. The multilayer system disintegrated completely in 60 days. All in all, the multilayer system developed resulted in a fully compostable structure with significant potential for use in high-barrier food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Melendez-Rodriguez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benllonch 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-R.); (C.P.); (M.P.-F.)
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benllonch 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-R.); (C.P.); (M.P.-F.)
| | - Maria Pardo-Figuerez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benllonch 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-R.); (C.P.); (M.P.-F.)
- Bioinicia R&D, Bioinicia S.L., Calle Algepser 65, Nave 3, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Angulo
- Gaiker Technological Centre, Department of Plastics and Composites, Parque Tecnológico Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Bourbon
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.I.B.); (I.R.A.); (M.A.C.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Isabel R. Amado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.I.B.); (I.R.A.); (M.A.C.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.I.B.); (I.R.A.); (M.A.C.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Lorenzo M. Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.I.B.); (I.R.A.); (M.A.C.); (L.M.P.)
| | | | - António A. Vicente
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), School of Technology and Experimental Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Avenida de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Lagaron
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benllonch 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-R.); (C.P.); (M.P.-F.)
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Ishak KA, Zahid NI, Velayutham TS, Khyasudeen MF, Annuar MSM. Corroborative studies on chain packing characteristics of biological medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates with different monomeric composition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131973. [PMID: 38692536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) with varied monomeric compositions were biosynthesized by producer bacteria fed with different fatty acids as carbon source. Octanoic-, lauric-, stearic-, and oleic acids were used to produce four types of mcl-PHAs viz. PHA-OC, PHA-LA, PHA-ST, and PHA-OL, respectively. The mcl-PHAs as film-casted preparations exhibit distinct traits e.g., PHA-OC and PHA-ST films are less flexible than PHA-LA while PHA-OL is a sticky, glue-like material; PHA-ST is opaque whereas PHA-OC, PHA-LA, and PHA-OL displayed transparent layers. The observation is attributed to polymer chain packing and side chain crystallization. A structure-property investigation of these biopolymers was carried out employing different spectroscopic and microscopic analyses in addition to thermal analyses. Comparative analyses of the results were applied in the interpretation and discussion of structure-property relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Ishak
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - N Idayu Zahid
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Selvi Velayutham
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Faisal Khyasudeen
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Azizi N, Eslami R, Goudarzi S, Younesi H, Zarrin H. A Review of Current Achievements and Recent Challenges in Bacterial Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Production and Potential Applications. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2679-2700. [PMID: 38656151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Using petroleum-derived plastics has contributed significantly to environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas emissions and the accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems. Researchers have focused on developing ecofriendly polymers as alternatives to traditional plastics to address these concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs), biodegradable biopolymers produced by microorganisms that show promise in replacing conventional plastics. The review discusses the classification, properties, and potential substrates of less studied mcl-PHAs, highlighting their greater ductility and flexibility compared to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a well-known but brittle PHA. The authors summarize existing research to emphasize the potential applications of mcl-PHAs in biomedicine, packaging, biocomposites, water treatment, and energy. Future research should focus on improving production techniques, ensuring economic viability, and addressing challenges associated with industrial implementation. Investigating the biodegradability, stability, mechanical properties, durability, and cost-effectiveness of mcl-PHA-based products compared to petroleum-based counterparts is crucial. The future of mcl-PHAs looks promising, with continued research expected to optimize production techniques, enhance material properties, and expand applications. Interdisciplinary collaborations among microbiologists, engineers, chemists, and materials scientists will drive progress in this field. In conclusion, this review serves as a valuable resource to understand mcl-PHAs as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics. However, further research is needed to optimize production methods, evaluate long-term ecological impacts, and assess the feasibility and viability in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Azizi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Research and Innovation Department, Sensofine Inc., Innovation Boost Zone (IBZ), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2, Canada
| | - Reza Eslami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Research and Innovation Department, Sensofine Inc., Innovation Boost Zone (IBZ), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Goudarzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Habibollah Younesi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Nour 64414-356, Iran
| | - Hadis Zarrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Research and Innovation Department, Sensofine Inc., Innovation Boost Zone (IBZ), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C2, Canada
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Amabile C, Abate T, Marcos E, Chianese S, Musmarra D, Muñoz R. Exploring New Strategies for Optimizing the Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from Methane and VFAs in Synthetic Cocultures and Mixed Methanotrophic Consortia. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:4690-4699. [PMID: 38516398 PMCID: PMC10954047 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the potential of a synthetic coculture and a mixed methanotrophic consortium to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) from renewable and waste-based feedstocks was assessed batchwise. Methylocystis parvuscocultivated with Rhodococcus opacus and a Methylocystis-enriched culture previously grown on methane were subjected to nutrient starvation in a medium enriched with valeric acid (30% w w-1 of Ctot) or with a VFAs mixture containing acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids (15% w w-1 of Ctot) under a CH4:O2 or air atmosphere. For all test series, pH was adjusted to 7 after adding the cosubstrates, and a negligible substrate consumption or polymer production was considered the end point of the trial. Results showed that valeric acid promoted PHBV accumulation in both cultures regardless of the atmosphere. Interestingly, the mixture of VFAs supported PHBV accumulation only in the presence of methane. The highest PHBV contents for the coculture and the mixed consortium, equal to 73.7 ± 2.5% w w-1 and 49.6 ± 13% w w-1, respectively, were obtained with methane and the VFAs mixture. This study demonstrates the suitability of cocultures and biobased cosubstrates for the sustainable production of the biodegradable polymer PHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Amabile
- Department
of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi
Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes, University of
Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina,
s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Teresa Abate
- Department
of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi
Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes, University of
Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina,
s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Enrique Marcos
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes, University of
Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina,
s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department
of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi
Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department
of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi
Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy
| | - Raul Muñoz
- Institute
of Sustainable Processes, University of
Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina,
s/n, Valladolid 47011, Spain
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Rader C, Grillo L, Weder C. Water and Oxygen Barrier Properties of All-Cellulose Nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1906-1915. [PMID: 38394342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is potentially interesting as a biobased, rigid food packaging material, but its stiffness and strength are somewhat low, and its water and oxygen transport rates are too high. To improve these characteristics, we investigated nanocomposites of HPC and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). These high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles display high stiffness and strength, and their high crystallinity renders them virtually impermeable. Exchanging the counterions of sulfate-ester decorated CNCs with cetyltrimethylammonium ions affords particles that are dispersible in ethanol (CTA.CNC) and allows solvent casting of HPC/CTA.CNC nanocomposite films, which, even at a CTA.CNC content of 90 wt %, are highly transparent. The introduction of CTA.CNC considerably increases the Young's modulus (Ey) and upper tensile strength (σUTS). For example, in the nanocomposite with 90% CTA.CNC, Ey = 7.6 GPa is increased 20-fold and σUTS = 42.7 MPa is more than doubled in comparison to HPC, whereas the extensibility (1.1%) remains appreciable. Composites with a CTA.CNC content of 70 wt % or less show a lower water vapor permeability (6.4-9.2 × 10-5 g μm m-2 s-1 Pa-1) than the neat HPC (1.5 × 10-4 g μm m-2 s-1 Pa-1), whereas the oxygen permeability (5.6 × 10-7-1.3 × 10-6 cm3 μm m-2 s-1 Pa-1) is reduced by 1 order of magnitude compared to HPC (3.2 × 10-6 cm3 μm m-2 s-1 Pa-1). The biobased nanocomposites retain their mechanical integrity at a relative humidity of 75% but readily disintegrate in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Luca Grillo
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Polymer Chemistry and Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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Santoro A, Marino M, Vandenberg LN, Szychlinska MA, Lamparelli EP, Scalia F, Rocca ND, D'Auria R, Giovanna Pastorino GM, Porta GD, Operto FF, Viggiano A, Cappello F, Meccariello R. PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and Reproduction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1870-1898. [PMID: 38549522 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240216085947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures to non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics are unavoidable. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) from the manufacturing of plastics (primary sources) and the degradation of plastic waste (secondary sources) can enter the food chain directly or indirectly and, passing biological barriers, could target both the brain and the gonads. Hence, the worldwide diffusion of environmental plastic contamination (PLASTAMINATION) in daily life may represent a possible and potentially serious risk to human health. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the effects of non-biodegradable and the more recently introduced biodegradable MPs and NPs on the brain and brain-dependent reproductive functions, summarizing the molecular mechanisms and outcomes on nervous and reproductive organs. Data from in vitro, ex vivo, non-mammalian and mammalian animal models and epidemiological studies have been reviewed and discussed. RESULTS MPs and NPs from non-biodegradable plastics affect organs, tissues and cells from sensitive systems such as the brain and reproductive organs. Both MPs and NPs induce oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity, which in turn are responsible for neuroinflammation, dysregulation of synaptic functions, metabolic dysbiosis, poor gamete quality, and neuronal and reproductive toxicity. In spite of this mechanistic knowledge gained from studies of non-biodegradable plastics, relatively little is known about the adverse effects or molecular mechanisms of MPs and NPs from biodegradable plastics. CONCLUSION The neurological and reproductive health risks of MPs/NPs exposure warrant serious consideration, and further studies on biodegradable plastics are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Marianna Marino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria 94100 Enna (EN), Italy
| | - Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Federica Scalia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia Della Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Raffaella D'Auria
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of 84100 Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Department of Science of Health School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Millan F, Hanik N. Degradation kinetics of medium chain length Polyhydroxyalkanoate degrading enzyme: a quartz crystal microbalance study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1303267. [PMID: 38162181 PMCID: PMC10756687 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the enzymatic degradation processes of different classes of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a group of biopolymers naturally synthesized by various microorganisms. Medium chain length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) are distinguished biopolymers due to their biodegradability and diverse material properties. Using quartz crystal microbalance measurements as a valuable tool for accurate real-time monitoring of the enzymatic degradation process, the research provides detailed kinetic data, describing the interaction between enzymes and substrates during the enzymatic degradation process. Thin films of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyoctanoate copolymer (PHO), containing molar fractions of about 84% 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 16% 3-hydroxyhexanoate, were exposed to scl-depolymerases from Pseudomonas lemoignei LMG 2207 and recombinant mcl-depolymerase produced in Escherichia coli DH5α harboring the plasmid pMAD8, respectively. Analyses based on a heterogeneous kinetic model for the polymer degradation indicated a six-fold stronger adsorption equilibrium constant of mcl-depolymerase to PHO. Conversely, the degradation rate constant was approximately twice as high for scl-depolymerases acting on PHB. Finally, the study highlights the differences in enzyme-substrate interactions and degradation mechanisms between the investigated scl- and mcl-PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Hanik
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, University of Applied Science and Arts Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland
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Jin A, del Valle LJ, Puiggalí J. Copolymers and Blends Based on 3-Hydroxybutyrate and 3-Hydroxyvalerate Units. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17250. [PMID: 38139077 PMCID: PMC10743438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive update of the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), emphasizing its production, properties, and applications. The overall biosynthesis pathway of PHBV is explored in detail, highlighting recent advances in production techniques. The inherent physicochemical properties of PHBV, along with its degradation behavior, are discussed in detail. This review also explores various blends and composites of PHBV, demonstrating their potential for a range of applications. Finally, the versatility of PHBV-based materials in multiple sectors is examined, emphasizing their increasing importance in the field of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Jin
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Venvirotech Biotechnology S.L., Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, 08130 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.); (L.J.d.V.)
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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de Sousa Junior RR, Cezario FEM, Antonino LD, dos Santos DJ, Lackner M. Characterization of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) from Alternative, Scalable (Waste) Feedstocks. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1382. [PMID: 38135973 PMCID: PMC10740857 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioplastics hold significant promise in replacing conventional plastic materials, linked to various serious issues such as fossil resource consumption, microplastic formation, non-degradability, and limited end-of-life options. Among bioplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) emerge as an intriguing class, with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) being the most utilized. The extensive application of P3HB encounters a challenge due to its high production costs, prompting the investigation of sustainable alternatives, including the utilization of waste and new production routes involving CO2 and CH4. This study provides a valuable comparison of two P3HBs synthesized through distinct routes: one via cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714) for photoautotrophic production and the other via methanotrophic bacteria (Methylocystis sp. GB 25) for chemoautotrophic growth. This research evaluates the thermal and mechanical properties, including the aging effect over 21 days, demonstrating that both P3HBs are comparable, exhibiting physical properties similar to standard P3HBs. The results highlight the promising potential of P3HBs obtained through alternative routes as biomaterials, thereby contributing to the transition toward more sustainable alternatives to fossil polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio Ramos de Sousa Junior
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.J.); (F.E.M.C.); (L.D.A.)
| | - Fabiano Eduardo Marques Cezario
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.J.); (F.E.M.C.); (L.D.A.)
| | - Leonardo Dalseno Antonino
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.J.); (F.E.M.C.); (L.D.A.)
| | - Demetrio Jackson dos Santos
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.J.); (F.E.M.C.); (L.D.A.)
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11
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Blunt W, Shah P, Vasquez V, Ye M, Doyle C, Liu Y, Saeidlou S, Monteil-Rivera F. Biosynthesis and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized from mixed C 5 and C 6 sugars obtained from hardwood hydrolysis. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:40-49. [PMID: 37390901 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and xylose are fermentable sugars readily available from lignocellulosic biomass, and are a sustainable carbon substrate supporting industrial biotechnology. Three strains were assessed in this work - Paraburkholderia sacchari, Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava, and Bacillus megaterium - for their ability to uptake both C5 and C6 sugars contained in a hardwood hydrolysate produced via a thermomechanical pulping-based process with concomitant production of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) biopolymers. In batch conditions, B. megaterium showed poor growth after 12 h, minimal uptake of xylose throughout the cultivation, and accumulated a maximum of only 25 % of the dry biomass as PHA. The other strains simultaneously utilized both sugars, although glucose uptake was faster than xylose. From hardwood hydrolysate, P. sacchari accumulated 57 % of its biomass as PHA within 24 h, whereas H. pseudoflava achieved an intracellular PHA content of 84 % by 72 h. The molecular weight of the PHA synthesized by H. pseudoflava (520.2 kDa) was higher than that of P. sacchari (265.5 kDa). When the medium was supplemented with propionic acid, the latter was rapidly consumed by both strains and incorporated as 3-hydroxyvalerate subunits into the polymer, demonstrating the potential for production of polymers with improved properties and value. H. pseudoflava incorporated 3-hydroxyvalerate subunits with at least a 3-fold higher yield, and produced polymers with higher 3-hydroxyvalerate content than P. sacchari. Overall, this work has shown that H. pseudoflava can be an excellent candidate for bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars to PHA polymers or copolymers as part of an integrated biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Blunt
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2; Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba (Fort Garry Campus), 75 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 5V6.
| | - Purnank Shah
- FPInnovations, 570 Boulevard Saint-Jean, Pointe-Claire, Québec, Canada H9R 3J9
| | - Vinicio Vasquez
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Mengwei Ye
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Christopher Doyle
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Yali Liu
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Sajjad Saeidlou
- Automotive and Surface Transportation Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, Québec, Canada J4B 6Y4
| | - Fanny Monteil-Rivera
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2.
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12
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Mokrane N, Kaci M, Lopez-Cuesta JM, Dehouche N. Combined Effect of Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Maleic Anhydride Compatibilizer and Halloysite Nanotubes on Morphology and Properties of Polylactide/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Blends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6438. [PMID: 37834577 PMCID: PMC10573863 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the global challenge of plastic pollution, the development of new bioplastics to replace conventional polymers has become a priority. It is therefore essential to achieve a balance in the performances of biopolymers in order to improve their commercial availability. In this topic, this study aims to investigate the morphology and properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (at a ratio of 75/25 (w/w)) blends reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and compatibilized with poly(lactic acid)-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA). HNTs and PLA-g-MA were added to the polymer blend at 5 and 10 wt.%, respectively, and everything was processed via melt compounding. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that HNTs are preferentially localized in PHBHHx nodules rather than in the PLA matrix due to its higher wettability. When HNTs are combined with PLA-g-MA, a finer and a more homogeneous morphology is observed, resulting in a reduction in the size of PHBHHx nodules. The presence of HNTs in the polymer blend improves the impact strength from 12.7 to 20.9 kJ/mm2. Further, with the addition of PLA-g-MA to PLA/PHBHHX/HNT nanocomposites, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength all improve significantly, rising from roughly 42 MPa, 14.5%, and 20.9 kJ/mm2 to nearly 46 MPa, 18.2%, and 31.2 kJ/mm2, respectively. This is consistent with the data obtained via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The thermal stability of the compatibilized blend reinforced with HNTs is also improved compared to the non-compatibilized one. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of combining HNTs and PLA-g-AM for the properties enhancement of PLA/PHBHHx blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Mokrane
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France
| | - Mustapha Kaci
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France
| | - Nadjet Dehouche
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
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13
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Mahato RP, Kumar S, Singh P. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from renewable resources: a review on prospects, challenges and applications. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:172. [PMID: 37017747 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics replace synthetic plastics of petrochemical origin, which contributes challenge to both polymer quality and economics. Novel polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-composite materials, with desirable product quality, could be developed, thus targeting the global plastics market, in the coming years. It is possible that PHA can be a greener substitute for their petroleum-based competitors since they are simply decomposed, which may lessen the pressure on municipal and industrial waste management systems. PHA production has proven to be the bottleneck in industrial application and commercialization because of the high price of carbon substrates and downstream processes required to achieve reliability. Bacterial PHA production by these municipal and industrial wastes, which act as a cheap, renewable carbon substrate, eliminates waste management hassles and acts as an efficient substitute for synthetic plastics. In the present review, challenges and opportunities related to the commercialization of polyhydroxyalkanoates are discussed and presented. Moreover, it discusses critical steps of their production process, feedstock evaluation, optimization strategies, and downstream processes. This information may provide us the complete utilization of bacterial PHA during possible applications in packaging, nutrition, medicine, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Prasad Mahato
- Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, 249407, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Padma Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, 249407, India
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14
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Segura PC, Wattiez R, Vande Wouwer A, Leroy B, Dewasme L. Dynamic modeling of Rhodospirillum rubrum PHA production triggered by redox stress during VFA photoheterotrophic assimilations. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:45-54. [PMID: 36273668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) represent an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum based plastics for a broad range of applications from packaging to biomedical devices. In the prospect of an industrial PHA production, it is highly valuable to accurately control the incorporation of different repeating units into the polymer, to produce a polyester with specific material characteristics. In this study, we develop macroscopic dynamic models predicting the polymer production and composition when mixtures containing up to four volatile fatty acids (VFA) are used as substrates. These models successfully reproduce the sequential (and preferential) substrate consumption and polymer production/reconsumption patterns, experimentally observed during biomass growth, thanks to simple kinetic structures based on Monod and inhibition factors. These models can serve as a basis for numerical simulation and process analysis, as well as process intensification through model-based optimization and control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Alain Vande Wouwer
- Systems, Estimation, Control and Optimization Group (SECO), University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Dewasme
- Systems, Estimation, Control and Optimization Group (SECO), University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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15
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Min Song H, Chan Joo J, Hyun Lim S, Jin Lim H, Lee S, Jae Park S. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates containing monomers conferring amorphous and elastomeric properties from renewable resources: Current status and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128114. [PMID: 36283671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based plastics cause environmental pollution and threaten humans and ecosystems. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is considered a promising alternative to nondegradable plastics since it is eco-friendly and biodegradable polymer having similar properties to conventional plastics. PHA's material properties are generally determined by composition and type of monomers in PHA. PHA can be designed in tailor-made manner for their suitable application areas. Among many monomers in PHAs, ω-hydroxalkanoates such as 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), and 6-hydroxyhexanoate (6HHx) and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoate such as 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) and 4-hydroxyvalerate (4HV), have been examined as potential monomers able to confer amorphous and elastomer properties when these are incorporated as comonomer in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer that has 3HB as main monomer along with comonomers in different monomer fraction. Herein, recent advances in production of PHAs designed to have amorphous and elastomeric properties from renewable sources such as lignocellulose, levulinic acid, crude glycerol, and waste oil are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Siseon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ibarretxe J, Alonso L, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarría G, Orbea A, Iturrondobeitia M. Sustainable PHBH-Alumina Nanowire Nanocomposites: Properties and Life Cycle Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225033. [PMID: 36433160 PMCID: PMC9697647 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is a bio-based polyester with the potential to replace some common polymers of fossil origin. However, PHBH presents serious limitations, such as low stiffness, tendency to undergo crystallization over long time periods and low resistance to thermal degradation during processing. In this work, we studied the use of alumina nanowires to generate PHBH-alumina nanocomposites, modifying the properties of PHBH to improve its usability. Solvent casting and melt blending were used to produce the nanocomposites. Then, their physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity were measured. Finally, LCA was used to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of several scenarios relevant to the processing and end of life (EoL) conditions of PHBHs. It was observed that, at low concentrations (3 wt.%), the alumina nanowires have a small positive impact on the stiffness and thermal degradation for the samples. However, for higher concentrations, the observed effects differed for each of the applied processing techniques (solvent casting or melt blending). The toxicity measurements showed that PHBH alone and in combination with alumina nanowires (10 wt.%) did not produce any impact on the survival of brine shrimp larvae after 24 and 48 h of exposure. The 18 impact categories evaluated by LCA allowed defining the most environmentally friendly conditions for the processing and EoL of PHBHs, and comparing the PHBH-related impacts to those of some of the most common fossil-based plastics. It was concluded that the preferable processing technique for PHBH is melt blending and that PHBH is unquestionably more environmentally friendly than every other analyzed plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Ibarretxe
- eMERG Research Group, School of Engineering of Bilbao, Building II-I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Rafael Moreno Pitxitxi 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Alonso
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nora Aranburu
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymer and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymer and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PiE and Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Sarriena z/g, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maider Iturrondobeitia
- eMERG Research Group, School of Engineering of Bilbao, Building II-I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Rafael Moreno Pitxitxi 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-946014311
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17
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Han X, Liu J, Tian S, Tao F, Xu P. Microbial cell factories for bio-based biodegradable plastics production. iScience 2022; 25:105462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Abu Bakar AA, Zainuddin MZ, Abdullah SM, Tamchek N, Mohd Noor IS, Alauddin MS, Alforidi A, Mohd Ghazali MI. The 3D Printability and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as Additives in Urethane Dimethacrylate (UDMA) Blends Polymer for Medical Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4518. [PMID: 36365512 PMCID: PMC9657082 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the biomedical sector required material to portray a holistic characteristic in terms of printability, biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. This research aims to evaluate the 3D printability and mechanical properties of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as additives in the urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) based resin and its potential for medical applications. The printability of the PHB/UDMA resin blends was limited to 11 wt.% as it reached the maximum viscosity value at 2188 cP. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also conducted to assess the significant effect of the varied PHB (wt.%) incorporation within UDMA resin, and the aging duration of 3D printed PHB/UDMA on mechanical properties in terms of tensile and impact properties. Meanwhile, the increasing crystallinity index (CI) of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the 3D printed PHB/UDMA as the PHB loading increased, indicating that there is a strong correlation with the lower tensile and impact strength. FESEM images also proved that the agglomerations that occurred within the UDMA matrix had affected the mechanical performance of 3D printed PHB/UDMA. Nonetheless, the thermal stability of the 3D printed PHB/UDMA had only a slight deviation from the 3D printed UDMA since it had better thermal processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adnan Abu Bakar
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulhilmi Zainuddin
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Shahino Mah Abdullah
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Nizam Tamchek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor
- Physics Division, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Alforidi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali
- SMART RG, Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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19
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Hejna A, Barczewski M, Kosmela P, Mysiukiewicz O, Sulima P, Przyborowski JA, Kowalkowska-Zedler D. Mater-Bi/Brewers' Spent Grain Biocomposites-Novel Approach to Plant-Based Waste Filler Treatment by Highly Efficient Thermomechanical and Chemical Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207099. [PMID: 36295167 PMCID: PMC9605683 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a homogenous material prepared from native starch and water or other plasticizers subjected to mixing at a temperature exceeding starch gelatinization temperature. It shows major drawbacks like high moisture sensitivity, poor mechanical properties, and thermal stability. To overcome these drawbacks without significant cost increase, TPS could be blended with bio-based or biodegradable polymers and filled with plant-based fillers, beneficially waste-based, like brewers' spent grain (BSG), the main brewing by-product. Filler modifications are often required to enhance the compatibility of such composites. Herein, we investigated the impact of BSG thermomechanical and chemical treatments on the structure, physical, thermal, and rheological performance of Mater-Bi-based composites. Thermomechanical modifications enhanced matrix thermal stability under oxidative conditions delaying degradation onset by 33 °C. Moreover, BSG enhanced the crystallization of the polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) fraction of Mater-Bi, potentially improving mechanical properties and shortening processing time. BSG chemical treatment with isophorone diisocyanate improved the processing properties of the composites, expressed by a 33% rise in melt flow index. Depending on the waste filler's selected treatment, processing, and rheological performance, thermal stability or interfacial adhesion of composites could be enhanced. Moreover, the appearance of the final materials could be adjusted by filler selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Hejna
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Kosmela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Mysiukiewicz
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Sulima
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresource Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Daria Kowalkowska-Zedler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Han JS, Kim SY, Seo YB. Disk-shaped cellulose fibers from red algae, Eucheuma cottonii and its use for high oxygen barrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:752-758. [PMID: 35523360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We could prepare disk-shaped fibers without particular mechanical treatments from Eucheuma cottonii, the commonly used red algae for obtaining carrageenan. After carrageenan extraction from cottonii, the residues were bleached using chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. The morphology of the bleached fiber was disk-shaped one with a very thin fiber wall thickness of less than 100 nm and a diameter of approximately 100 μm. The sugar analysis and X-ray diffraction of the bleached fibers showed that they consisted of mostly glucose and had the same pattern as cellulose I with more than 50% crystalline structure, respectively. Compared to one-dimensional cellulose micro- or nanofibrils, which exhibits slow drainage and possess intolerably high drying energy, these two-dimensional disk-shaped fibers, when formed a layer in water medium, exhibit fast drainage and low drying energy. The formed sheet resulted in excellent transparency and high oxygen barrier property. Therefore, by using these disk-shaped, thin fibers from cottonii, we expect that the biodegradable and transparent oxygen barrier layer can be produced at a paper machine, which is, if possible, extremely difficult in the case of cellulose micro- or nanofibrils due to their slow drainage and high drying energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Han
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, E10-1, Yousung-Gu, Gung-Dong, 305-764 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Bio-based Materials, Chungnam National University, Yousung-Gu, Gung-Dong, 305-764 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Bum Seo
- Department of Bio-based Materials, Chungnam National University, Yousung-Gu, Gung-Dong, 305-764 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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In Service Performance of Toughened PHBV/TPU Blends Obtained by Reactive Extrusion for Injected Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122337. [PMID: 35745913 PMCID: PMC9231000 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable production model based on a circular economy, biopolymers are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to reduce the dependence on oil-based plastics. Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), a bacterial biopolyester from the polyhydroxialkanoates (PHAs) family, seems to be an attractive candidate to replace commodities in many applications such as rigid packaging, among others, due to its excellent overall physicochemical and mechanical properties. However, it presents a relatively poor thermal stability, low toughness and ductility, thus limiting its applicability with respect to other polymers such as polypropylene (PP). To improve the performance of PHBV, reactive blending with an elastomer seems to be a proper cost-effective strategy that would lead to increased ductility and toughness by rubber toughening mechanisms. Hence, the objective of this work was the development and characterization of toughness-improved blends of PHBV with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as a reactive extrusion agent. To better understand the role of the elastomer and the compatibilizer, the morphological, rheological, thermal, and mechanical behavior of the blends were investigated. To explore the in-service performance of the blends, mechanical and long-term creep characterization were conducted at three different temperatures (−20, 23, 50 °C). Furthermore, the biodegradability in composting conditions has also been tested. The results showed that HMDI proved its efficiency as a compatibilizer in this system, reducing the average particle size of the TPU disperse phase and enhancing the adhesion between the PHBV matrix and TPU elastomer. Although the sole incorporation of the TPU leads to slight improvements in toughness, the compatibilizer plays a key role in improving the overall performance of the blends, leading to a clear improvement in toughness and long-term behavior.
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22
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Popa MS, Frone AN, Panaitescu DM. Polyhydroxybutyrate blends: A solution for biodegradable packaging? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:263-277. [PMID: 35257732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a valuable bio-based and biodegradable polymer that may substitute common polymers in packaging and biomedical applications provided that the production cost is reduced and some properties improved. Blending PHB with other biodegradable polymers is the most simple and accessible route to reduce costs and to improve properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the preparation, properties and application of the PHB blends with other biodegradable polyesters such as medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), poly(propylene carbonate) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) or polysaccharides and their derivatives. A special attention has been paid to the miscibility of PHB with these polymers and the compatibilizing methods used to improve the dispersion and interface. The changes in the PHB morphology, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties induced by the second polymer have been critically analyzed in view of industrial application. The biodegradability and recyclability strategies of the PHB blends were summarized along with the processing techniques adapted to the intended application. This review provides the tools for a better understanding of the relation between the micro/nanostructure of PHB blends and their properties for the further development of PHB blends as solutions for biodegradable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Stelian Popa
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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23
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Effects of Bacterial Cellulose Whisker Melting Composite on Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of PHBV Composites. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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A Review on Biological Synthesis of the Biodegradable Polymers Polyhydroxyalkanoates and the Development of Multiple Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, or PHAs, belong to a class of biopolyesters where the biodegradable PHA polymer is accumulated by microorganisms as intracellular granules known as carbonosomes. Microorganisms can accumulate PHA using a wide variety of substrates under specific inorganic nutrient limiting conditions, with many of the carbon-containing substrates coming from waste or low-value sources. PHAs are universally thermoplastic, with PHB and PHB copolymers having similar characteristics to conventional fossil-based polymers such as polypropylene. PHA properties are dependent on the composition of its monomers, meaning PHAs can have a diverse range of properties and, thus, functionalities within this biopolyester family. This diversity in functionality results in a wide array of applications in sectors such as food-packaging and biomedical industries. In order for PHAs to compete with the conventional plastic industry in terms of applications and economics, the scale of PHA production needs to grow from its current low base. Similar to all new polymers, PHAs need continuous technological developments in their production and material science developments to grow their market opportunities. The setup of end-of-life management (biodegradability, recyclability) system infrastructure is also critical to ensure that PHA and other biobased biodegradable polymers can be marketed with maximum benefits to society. The biobased nature and the biodegradability of PHAs mean they can be a key polymer in the materials sector of the future. The worldwide scale of plastic waste pollution demands a reformation of the current polymer industry, or humankind will face the consequences of having plastic in every step of the food chain and beyond. This review will discuss the aforementioned points in more detail, hoping to provide information that sheds light on how PHAs can be polymers of the future.
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25
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Gómez-Gast N, López Cuellar MDR, Vergara-Porras B, Vieyra H. Biopackaging Potential Alternatives: Bioplastic Composites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Vegetal Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061114. [PMID: 35335445 PMCID: PMC8950292 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiatives to reduce plastic waste are currently under development worldwide. As a part of it, the European Union and private and public organizations in several countries are designing and implementing regulations for single-use plastics. For example, by 2030, plastic packaging and food containers must be reusable or recyclable. In another approach, researchers are developing biopolymers using biodegradable thermoplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), to replace fossil derivatives. However, their production capacity, high production costs, and poor mechanical properties hinder the usability of these biopolymers. To overcome these limitations, biomaterials reinforced with natural fibers are acquiring more relevance as the world of bioplastics production is increasing. This review presents an overview of PHA–vegetal fiber composites, the effects of the fiber type, and the production method’s impact on the mechanical, thermal, barrier properties, and biodegradability, all relevant for biopackaging. To acknowledge the behaviors and trends of the biomaterials reinforcement field, we searched for granted patents focusing on bio-packaging applications and gained insight into current industry developments and contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Gast
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico; (N.G.-G.); (B.V.-P.)
| | - Ma Del Rocío López Cuellar
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (CABA), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICAp), Autonomous University of Hidalgo State (UAEH), Av. Universidad Km. 1, Ex-Hda. De Aquetzalpa AP 32, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico;
| | - Berenice Vergara-Porras
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Carretera Lago de Guadalupe 3.5, Colonia Margarita Maza de Juárez, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico; (N.G.-G.); (B.V.-P.)
| | - Horacio Vieyra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Eduardo Monroy Cardenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Mittal M, Mittal D, Aggarwal NK. Plastic accumulation during COVID-19: call for another pandemic; bioplastic a step towards this challenge? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11039-11053. [PMID: 35022970 PMCID: PMC8754557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a serious transboundary challenge to nature and human health, with estimation of reports published - predicting a twofold increase in plastic waste by 2030. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the excessive use of single-use plastics (including face masks, gloves and personal protective equipment) would possibly exacerbate such forecasts. The transition towards eco-friendly alternatives like bio-based plastics and new emerging sustainable technologies would be vital to deal with future pandemics, even though the use or consumption of plastics has greatly enhanced our quality of life; it is however critical to move towards bioplastics. We cannot deny the fact that bioplastics have some challenges and shortcomings, but still, it is an ideal option for opt. The circular economy is the need of the hour for waste management. Along with all these practices, individual accountability, corporate intervention and government policy are also needed to prevent us from moving from one crisis to the next. Only through cumulative efforts, we will be able to cope up with this problem. This article collected scattered information and data about accumulation of plastic during COVID-19 worldwide. Additionally, this paper illustrates the substitution of petroleum-based plastics with bio-based plastics. Different aspects are discussed, ranging from advantages to challenges in the way of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Mittal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Divya Mittal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
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27
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Physical-Chemical and Structural Stability of Poly(3HB-co-3HV)/(ligno-)cellulosic Fibre-Based Biocomposites over Successive Dishwashing Cycles. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020127. [PMID: 35207049 PMCID: PMC8876846 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to lengthen the life cycle of packaging materials, it is essential to study their potential for reuse. This has been never carried out for emerging bio-based and biodegradable materials such as PHBV/(ligno-)cellulosic fibre-based biocomposite materials. This work therefore highlights the impact of successive dishwashing cycles on the physical-chemical and structural stability of such materials. Several parameters were considered to assess this stability, such as the visual aspect and colour, the microstructure, the thermal and tensile properties, and the overall migration in food liquid simulants. The effect of fibre composition, morphology, and content was investigated by selecting three types of commercial (ligno-)cellulosic fibres and two filler contents (20 and 40 wt%). A great potential for reuse of PHBV films was highlighted by their high stability after up to at least 50 dishwashing cycles. However, the addition of (ligno-)cellulosic fillers negatively impacts the stability of PHBV-based materials, especially due to the hygroscopic behaviour of (ligno-)cellulosic fillers and the heterogenous microstructure of biocomposites, with at best up to 10 possible dishwashing cycles for ultra-pure cellulose. In conclusion, reuse including dishwashing steps can be considered for neat PHBV materials, while this should be prohibited for PHBV/(ligno-)cellulosic fibre-based biocomposite materials.
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Samadhiya K, Sangtani R, Nogueira R, Bala K. Insightful Advancement and Opportunities for Microbial Bioplastic Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:674864. [PMID: 35058887 PMCID: PMC8763809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.674864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impetuous urbanization and population growth are driving increased demand for plastics to formulate impeccable industrial and biomedical commodities. The everlasting nature and excruciating waste management of petroleum-based plastics have catered to numerous challenges for the environment. However, just implementing various end-of-life management techniques for assimilation and recycling plastics is not a comprehensive remedy; instead, the extensive reliance on finite resources needs to be reduced for sustainable production and plastic product utilization. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and algae, are explored substantially for their bioplastic production repertoire, thus replacing fossil-based plastics sooner or later. Nevertheless, the utilization of pure microbial cultures has led to various operational and economical complications, opening the ventures for the usage of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) consisting of bacteria and algae for sustainable production of bioplastic. The current review is primarily focuses on elaborating the bioplastic production capabilities of different bacterial and algal strains, followed by discussing the quintessence of MMCs. The present state-of-the-art of bioplastic, different types of bacterial bioplastic, microalgal biocomposites, operational factors influencing the quality and quantity of bioplastic precursors, embracing the potential of bacteria-algae consortia, and the current global status quo of bioplastic production has been summarized extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Samadhiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Rimjhim Sangtani
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Regina Nogueira
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
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29
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Molina-Besch K, Olsson A. Innovations in food packaging—Sustainability challenges and future scenarios. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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30
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates from industrial cheese whey: Production and characterization of polymers with differing hydroxyvalerate content. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Wang Y, Murcia Valderrama MA, van Putten RJ, Davey CJE, Tietema A, Parsons JR, Wang B, Gruter GJM. Biodegradation and Non-Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Poly(Lactic- co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA12/88 and PLGA6/94). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010015. [PMID: 35012037 PMCID: PMC8747309 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted growth in plastic demand and the targets for global CO2 emission reductions require a transition to replace fossil-based feedstock for polymers and a transition to close- loop recyclable, and in some cases to, biodegradable polymers. The global crisis in terms of plastic littering will furthermore force a transition towards materials that will not linger in nature but will degrade over time in case they inadvertently end up in nature. Efficient systems for studying polymer (bio)degradation are therefore required. In this research, the Respicond parallel respirometer was applied to polyester degradation studies. Two poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolyesters (PLGA12/88 and PLGA6/94) were tested and shown to mineralise faster than cellulose over 53 days at 25 °C in soil: 37% biodegradation for PLGA12/88, 53% for PLGA6/94, and 30% for cellulose. The corresponding monomers mineralised much faster than the polymers. The methodology presented in this article makes (bio)degradability studies as part of a materials development process economical and, at the same time, time-efficient and of high scientific quality. Additionally, PLGA12/88 and PLGA6/94 were shown to non-enzymatically hydrolyse in water at similar rates, which is relevant for both soil and marine (bio)degradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.A.M.V.); (R.-J.v.P.); (C.J.E.D.)
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Maria A. Murcia Valderrama
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.A.M.V.); (R.-J.v.P.); (C.J.E.D.)
| | - Robert-Jan van Putten
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.A.M.V.); (R.-J.v.P.); (C.J.E.D.)
- Avantium Support BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlie J. E. Davey
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.A.M.V.); (R.-J.v.P.); (C.J.E.D.)
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Albert Tietema
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (J.R.P.)
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.T.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Bing Wang
- Avantium Support BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gert-Jan M. Gruter
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.A.M.V.); (R.-J.v.P.); (C.J.E.D.)
- Avantium Support BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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32
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Jaffur N, Jeetah P, Kumar G. A review on enzymes and pathways for manufacturing polyhydroxybutyrate from lignocellulosic materials. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:483. [PMID: 34790507 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, major focus in the biopolymer field is being drawn on the exploitation of plant-based resources grounded on holistic sustainability trends to produce novel, affordable, biocompatible and environmentally safe polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymers. The global PHA market, estimated at USD 62 Million in 2020, is predicted to grow by 11.2 and 14.2% between 2020-2024 and 2020-2025 correspondingly based on market research reports. The market is primarily driven by the growing demand for PHA products by the food packaging, biomedical, pharmaceutical, biofuel and agricultural sectors. One of the key limitations in the growth of the PHA market is the significantly higher production costs associated with pure carbon raw materials as compared to traditional polymers. Nonetheless, considerations such as consumer awareness on the toxicity of petroleum-based plastics and strict government regulations towards the prohibition of the use and trade of synthetic plastics are expected to boost the market growth rate. This study throws light on the production of polyhydroxybutyrate from lignocellulosic biomass using environmentally benign techniques via enzyme and microbial activities to assess its feasibility as a green substitute to conventional plastics. The novelty of the present study is to highlight the recent advances, pretreatment techniques to reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass such as dilute and concentrated acidic pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, steam explosion, ammonia fibre explosion (AFEX), ball milling, biological pretreatment as well as novel emerging pretreatment techniques notably, high-pressure homogenizer, electron beam, high hydrostatic pressure, co-solvent enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) pulsed-electric field, low temperature steep delignification (LTSD), microwave and ultrasound technologies. Additionally, inhibitory compounds and detoxification routes, fermentation downstream processes, life cycle and environmental impacts of recovered natural biopolymers, review green procurement policies in various countries, PHA strategies in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) along with the fate of the spent polyhydroxybutyrate are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Jaffur
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Pratima Jeetah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837 Mauritius
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Kadier A, Ilyas RA, Huzaifah MRM, Harihastuti N, Sapuan SM, Harussani MM, Azlin MNM, Yuliasni R, Ibrahim R, Atikah MSN, Wang J, Chandrasekhar K, Islam MA, Sharma S, Punia S, Rajasekar A, Asyraf MRM, Ishak MR. Use of Industrial Wastes as Sustainable Nutrient Sources for Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Production: Mechanism, Advances, and Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3365. [PMID: 34641185 PMCID: PMC8512337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanomaterial, bacterial cellulose (BC), has become noteworthy recently due to its better physicochemical properties and biodegradability, which are desirable for various applications. Since cost is a significant limitation in the production of cellulose, current efforts are focused on the use of industrial waste as a cost-effective substrate for the synthesis of BC or microbial cellulose. The utilization of industrial wastes and byproduct streams as fermentation media could improve the cost-competitiveness of BC production. This paper examines the feasibility of using typical wastes generated by industry sectors as sources of nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) for the commercial-scale production of BC. Numerous preliminary findings in the literature data have revealed the potential to yield a high concentration of BC from various industrial wastes. These findings indicated the need to optimize culture conditions, aiming for improved large-scale production of BC from waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Huzaifah
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Bintulu Campus, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu 97000, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nani Harihastuti
- Centre of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology, The Ministry of Industry, Jawa Tengah 50136, Indonesia; (N.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (M.M.H.)
- Laboratory of Technology Biocomposite, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.M.S.); (M.M.H.)
| | - M. N. M. Azlin
- Laboratory of Technology Biocomposite, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Universiti Teknologi Mara Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah 72000, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Rustiana Yuliasni
- Centre of Industrial Pollution Prevention Technology, The Ministry of Industry, Jawa Tengah 50136, Indonesia; (N.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - R. Ibrahim
- Innovation & Commercialization Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - M. S. N. Atikah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Junying Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (A.K.); (J.W.)
| | - K. Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - M Amirul Islam
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-Based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar 144001, India;
| | - Sneh Punia
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, India
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
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Alfano S, Lorini L, Majone M, Sciubba F, Valentino F, Martinelli A. Ethylic Esters as Green Solvents for the Extraction of Intracellular Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced by Mixed Microbial Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162789. [PMID: 34451326 PMCID: PMC8398844 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids obtained from the fermentation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste can be used as raw materials for non-toxic ethyl ester (EE) synthesis as well as feedstock for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Taking advantage of the concept of an integrated process of a bio-refinery, in the present paper, a systematic investigation on the extraction of intracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), produced by mixed microbial culture by using EEs was reported. Among the tested EEs, ethyl acetate (EA) was the best solvent, dissolving the copolymer at the lowest temperature. Then, extraction experiments were carried out by EA at different temperatures on two biomass samples containing PHAs with different average molecular weights. The parallel characterization of the extracted and non-extracted PHAs evidenced that at the lower temperature (100 °C) EA solubilizes preferentially the polymer fractions richer in 3HV comonomers and with the lower molecular weight. By increasing the extraction temperature from 100 °C to 125 °C, an increase of recovery from about 50 to 80 wt% and a molecular weight reduction from 48% to 65% was observed. The results highlighted that the extracted polymer purity is always above 90 wt% and that it is possible to choose the proper extraction condition to maximize the recovery yield at the expense of polymer fractionation and degradation at high temperatures or use milder conditions to maintain the original properties of a polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alfano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (L.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Laura Lorini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (L.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (L.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Valentino
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre-Venice, Italy;
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.A.); (L.L.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Bhola S, Arora K, Kulshrestha S, Mehariya S, Bhatia RK, Kaur P, Kumar P. Established and Emerging Producers of PHA: Redefining the Possibility. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3812-3854. [PMID: 34347250 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The polyhydroxyalkanoate was discovered almost around a century ago. Still, all the efforts to replace the traditional non-biodegradable plastic with much more environmentally friendly alternative are not enough. While the petroleum-based plastic is like a parasite, taking over the planet rapidly and without any feasible cure, its perennial presence has made the ocean a floating island of life-threatening debris and has flooded the landfills with toxic towering mountains. It demands for an immediate solution; most resembling answer would be the polyhydroxyalkanoates. The production cost is yet one of the significant challenges that various corporate is facing to replace the petroleum-based plastic. To deal with the economic constrain better strain, better practices, and a better market can be adopted for superior results. It demands for systems for polyhydroxyalkanoate production namely bacteria, yeast, microalgae, and transgenic plants. Solely strains affect more than 40% of overall production cost, playing a significant role in both upstream and downstream processes. The highly modifiable nature of the biopolymer provides the opportunity to replace the petroleum plastic in almost all sectors from food packaging to medical industry. The review will highlight the recent advancements and techno-economic analysis of current commercial models of polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Bio-compatibility and the biodegradability perks to be utilized highly efficient in the medical applications gives ample reason to tilt the scale in the favor of the polyhydroxyalkanoate as the new conventional and sustainable plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Bhola
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Kanika Arora
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | | | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Parneet Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
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Bedade DK, Edson CB, Gross RA. Emergent Approaches to Efficient and Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production. Molecules 2021; 26:3463. [PMID: 34200447 PMCID: PMC8201374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroleum-derived plastics dominate currently used plastic materials. These plastics are derived from finite fossil carbon sources and were not designed for recycling or biodegradation. With the ever-increasing quantities of plastic wastes entering landfills and polluting our environment, there is an urgent need for fundamental change. One component to that change is developing cost-effective plastics derived from readily renewable resources that offer chemical or biological recycling and can be designed to have properties that not only allow the replacement of current plastics but also offer new application opportunities. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) remain a promising candidate for commodity bioplastic production, despite the many decades of efforts by academicians and industrial scientists that have not yet achieved that goal. This article focuses on defining obstacles and solutions to overcome cost-performance metrics that are not sufficiently competitive with current commodity thermoplastics. To that end, this review describes various process innovations that build on fed-batch and semi-continuous modes of operation as well as methods that lead to high cell density cultivations. Also, we discuss work to move from costly to lower cost substrates such as lignocellulose-derived hydrolysates, metabolic engineering of organisms that provide higher substrate conversion rates, the potential of halophiles to provide low-cost platforms in non-sterile environments for PHA formation, and work that uses mixed culture strategies to overcome obstacles of using waste substrates. We also describe historical problems and potential solutions to downstream processing for PHA isolation that, along with feedstock costs, have been an Achilles heel towards the realization of cost-efficient processes. Finally, future directions for efficient PHA production and relevant structural variations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray K. Bedade
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Cody B. Edson
- New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
- New York State Center for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
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Isolation of Two Bacterial Species from Argan Soil in Morocco Associated with Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Accumulation: Current Potential and Future Prospects for the Bio-Based Polymer Production. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111870. [PMID: 34199961 PMCID: PMC8200220 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental issues caused by the impacts of synthetic plastics use and derived wastes are arising the attention to bio-based plastics, natural polymers produced from renewable resources, including agricultural, industrial, and domestic wastes. Bio-based plastics represent a potential alternative to petroleum-based materials, due to the insufficient availability of fossil resources in the future and the affordable low cost of renewable ones that might be consumed for the biopolymer synthesis. Among the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymer has been synthesized and characterized with great interest due to its wide range of industrial applications. Currently, a wide number of bacterial species from soil, activated sludge, wastewater, industrial wastes, and compost have been identified as PHB producers. This work has the purpose of isolating and characterizing PHB-producing bacteria from the agricultural soil samples of Argania spinosa in the south region of Morocco where the plant species is endemic and preserved. During this research, four heat-resistant bacterial strains have been isolated. Among them, two species have been identified as endospore forming bacteria following the Schaffer-Fulton staining method with Malachite green and the Methylene blue method. Black intracellular granules have been appreciated in microscopy at 100× for both strains after staining with Sudan black B. The morphological and biochemical analyses of the isolates, including sugar fermentation and antibiotic susceptibility tests, preliminarily identified the strains 1B and 2D1 belonging to the genus Serratia and Proteus, respectively.
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Wang P, Zhang B. Sustainable aromatic polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16480-16489. [PMID: 35479171 PMCID: PMC9031847 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to unravel the impact of disubstitution patterns on the physical properties and processing characteristics of indole-based aromatic polyesters. A series of hydroxyl-carboxylate (AB-type) monomers with 1,5-disubstituted indole and 3–6 methylene units was conveniently synthesized and used in bulk polycondensation to yield the corresponding polyesters with decent molecular weight. These new monomers and polyesters showed enhanced thermal stability compared to the previously reported monomers and polyesters with a 1,3-disubstituted indole structure. According to DSC results, these polyesters showed tunable glass transition temperatures (Tg ∼57–80 °C), depending on the length of the aliphatic methylene units. DSC and WAXD measurements revealed that these polymers did not crystalize from melt, but the ones with 3 or 5 methylene units per repeating unit crystalized from solution. Finally, we demonstrated that the new polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units could be crosslinked using sustainable aromatic aldehyde, which could further enhance their thermal properties. 1,5-disubstituted indole was investigated as new sustainable aromatic units for polyesters to enhance thermal stability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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Vannini M, Marchese P, Sisti L, Saccani A, Mu T, Sun H, Celli A. Integrated Efforts for the Valorization of Sweet Potato By-Products within a Circular Economy Concept: Biocomposites for Packaging Applications Close the Loop. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071048. [PMID: 33801582 PMCID: PMC8037434 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to fully exploit the by-products obtained after the industrial extraction of starch from sweet potatoes, a cascading approach was developed to extract high-value molecules, such as proteins and pectins, and to valorize the solid fraction, rich in starch and fibrous components. This fraction was used to prepare new biocomposites designed for food packaging applications. The sweet potato residue was added to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) in various amounts up to 40 wt % by melt mixing, without any previous treatment. The composites are semicrystalline materials, characterized by thermal stability up to 260 °C. For the composites containing up to 10 wt % of residue, the tensile strength remains over 30 MPa and the strain stays over 3.2%. A homogeneous dispersion of the sweet potato waste into the bio-polymeric matrix was achieved but, despite the presence of hydrogen bond interactions between the components, a poor interfacial adhesion was detected. Considering the significant percentage of sweet potato waste used, the biocomposites obtained show a low economic and environmental impact, resulting in an interesting bio-alternative to the materials commonly used in the packaging industry. Thus, according to the principles of a circular economy, the preparation of the biocomposites closes the loop of the complete valorization of sweet potato products and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Vannini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-51-209-0359
| | - Paola Marchese
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Saccani
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Taihua Mu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (P.M.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (A.C.)
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Haloarchaea as Cell Factories to Produce Bioplastics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030159. [PMID: 33803653 PMCID: PMC8003077 DOI: 10.3390/md19030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a worldwide concern causing the death of animals (mainly aquatic fauna) and environmental deterioration. Plastic recycling is, in most cases, difficult or even impossible. For this reason, new research lines are emerging to identify highly biodegradable bioplastics or plastic formulations that are more environmentally friendly than current ones. In this context, microbes, capable of synthesizing bioplastics, were revealed to be good models to design strategies in which microorganisms can be used as cell factories. Recently, special interest has been paid to haloarchaea due to the capability of some species to produce significant concentrations of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) when growing under a specific nutritional status. The growth of those microorganisms at the pilot or industrial scale offers several advantages compared to that of other microbes that are bioplastic producers. This review summarizes the state of the art of bioplastic production and the most recent findings regarding the production of bioplastics by halophilic microorganisms with special emphasis on haloarchaea. Some protocols to produce/analyze bioplastics are highlighted here to shed light on the potential use of haloarchaea at the industrial scale to produce valuable products, thus minimizing environmental pollution by plastics made from petroleum.
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Abbas M, Buntinx M, Deferme W, Reddy N, Peeters R. Oxygen Gas and UV Barrier Properties of Nano-ZnO-Coated PET and PHBHHx Materials Fabricated by Ultrasonic Spray-Coating Technique. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:449. [PMID: 33578826 PMCID: PMC7916571 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic spray-coating (USSC)-a wet chemical deposition method to deposit ultrathin (down to 20 nm) coatings-is being applied as a promising alternative deposition method for functional coatings due to an economical, simple, and precise coating process with easy control over its operating parameters. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were ultrasonically spray-coated on commercial-grade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) films. The most suitable parameters for the ink composition, the ultrasonic spray-coating process, and the number of coating passes (up to 50×) were selected on the basis of a series of experiments. The oxygen gas barrier properties in terms of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of neat PET, and 3×, 5×, 10×, and 50× ZnO NP-coated PET and PHBHHx substrates were investigated. The OTR values for neat PET, and 3×, 5×, and 10× ZnO NP-coated PET substrates were found to be the same; however, a 5% reduction in OTR for 50× ZnO NP-coated PET substrate was observed compared to the neat PET substrate. No reduction in OTR was found for any above number of coating passes on PHBHHx substrates against the neat PHBHHx substrate. However, the ultraviolet (UV) tests of 3×, 5×, and 10× ZnO NP-coated PET and PHBHH× substrates revealed a significant decrease in percentage transmission for 10× coated PET and PHBHHx substrates as compared to their 3× and 5× ZnO NP-coated substrates, respectively. It was revealed from the study that the 50× ZnO NP coating of the PET substrate created a slight difference in OTR as compared to the reference substrate. However, the ultrasonic spray-coating method created a significant UV barrier effect for 3×, 5×, and 10× ZnO NP-coated PET and PHBHHx substrates, which demonstrates that the optimized coating method cannot be used to create a high oxygen barrier but can certainly be applied for UV barrier applications in food packaging. It is concluded that ultrasonic spray deposition of ZnO NPs on PET and PHBHHx materials has shown promising results for UV barrier properties, demonstrating the advantages of using this method compared to other coating methods with regard to cost-effectiveness, precise coating, and better process control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Abbas
- IMO-IMOMEC, Packaging Technology Center, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (M.B.); (N.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Mieke Buntinx
- IMO-IMOMEC, Packaging Technology Center, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (M.B.); (N.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Wim Deferme
- IMO-IMOMEC, Functional Materials Engineering, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Naveen Reddy
- IMO-IMOMEC, Packaging Technology Center, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (M.B.); (N.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Roos Peeters
- IMO-IMOMEC, Packaging Technology Center, Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 27, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (M.B.); (N.R.); (R.P.)
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Turco R, Santagata G, Corrado I, Pezzella C, Di Serio M. In vivo and Post-synthesis Strategies to Enhance the Properties of PHB-Based Materials: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619266. [PMID: 33585417 PMCID: PMC7874203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition toward "green" alternatives to petroleum-based plastics is driven by the need for "drop-in" replacement materials able to combine characteristics of existing plastics with biodegradability and renewability features. Promising alternatives are the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), microbial biodegradable polyesters produced by a wide range of microorganisms as carbon, energy, and redox storage material, displaying properties very close to fossil-fuel-derived polyolefins. Among PHAs, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is by far the most well-studied polymer. PHB is a thermoplastic polyester, with very narrow processability window, due to very low resistance to thermal degradation. Since the melting temperature of PHB is around 170-180°C, the processing temperature should be at least 180-190°C. The thermal degradation of PHB at these temperatures proceeds very quickly, causing a rapid decrease in its molecular weight. Moreover, due to its high crystallinity, PHB is stiff and brittle resulting in very poor mechanical properties with low extension at break, which limits its range of application. A further limit to the effective exploitation of these polymers is related to their production costs, which is mostly affected by the costs of the starting feedstocks. Since the first identification of PHB, researchers have faced these issues, and several strategies to improve the processability and reduce brittleness of this polymer have been developed. These approaches range from the in vivo synthesis of PHA copolymers, to the enhancement of post-synthesis PHB-based material performances, thus the addition of additives and plasticizers, acting on the crystallization process as well as on polymer glass transition temperature. In addition, reactive polymer blending with other bio-based polymers represents a versatile approach to modulate polymer properties while preserving its biodegradability. This review examines the state of the art of PHA processing, shedding light on the green and cost-effective tailored strategies aimed at modulating and optimizing polymer performances. Pioneering examples in this field will be examined, and prospects and challenges for their exploitation will be presented. Furthermore, since the establishment of a PHA-based industry passes through the designing of cost-competitive production processes, this review will inspect reported examples assessing this economic aspect, examining the most recent progresses toward process sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Turco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagata
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Council of Research, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Martino Di Serio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
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García G, Sosa-Hernández JE, Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Castillo-Zacarías C, Iqbal H, Parra-Saldívar R. Accumulation of PHA in the Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. under Nutrient-Deficient Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010131. [PMID: 33396913 PMCID: PMC7795905 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional plastics have undoubted utility and convenience for everyday life; but when they are derived from petroleum and are non-biodegradable, they contribute to two major crises today's world is facing: fossil resources depletion and environmental degradation. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a promising alternative to replace them, being biodegradable and suitable for a wide variety of applications. This biopolymer accumulates as energy and carbon storage material in various microorganisms, including microalgae. This study investigated the influence of glucose, N, P, Fe, and salinity over the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Scenedesmus sp., a freshwater microalga strain not previously explored for this purpose. To assess the effect of the variables, a fractional Taguchi experimental design involving 16 experimental runs was planned and executed. Biopolymer was obtained in all the experiments in a wide range of concentrations (0.83-29.92%, w/w DW), and identified as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by FTIR analysis. The statistical analysis of the response was carried out using Minitab 16, where phosphorus, glucose, and iron were identified as significant factors, together with the P-Fe and glucose-N interactions. The presence of other relevant macromolecules was also quantified. Doing this, this work contributes to the understanding of the critical factors that control PHA production and present Scenedesmus sp. as a promising species to produce bio-resources in commercial systems.
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Gigante V, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Sandroni M, Polacco G, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A. On the Use of Biobased Waxes to Tune Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Bran Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112615. [PMID: 33172020 PMCID: PMC7694654 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, processability and mechanical performances of bio-composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing 5, 10, and 15 wt % of bran fibers, untreated and treated with natural carnauba and bee waxes were evaluated. Wheat bran, the main byproduct of flour milling, was used as filler to reduce the final cost of the PHBV-based composites and, in the same time, to find a potential valorization to this agro-food by-product, widely available at low cost. The results showed that the wheat bran powder did not act as reinforcement, but as filler for PHBV, due to an unfavorable aspect ratio of the particles and poor adhesion with the polymeric matrix, with consequent moderate loss in mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break). The surface treatment of the wheat bran particles with waxes, and in particular with beeswax, was found to improve the mechanical performance in terms of tensile properties and impact resistance of the composites, enhancing the adhesion between the PHBV-based polymeric matrix and the bran fibers, as confirmed by predictive analytic models and dynamic mechanical analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Sandroni
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Giovanni Polacco
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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Sánchez-Safont EL, Aldureid A, Lagarón JM, Cabedo L, Gámez-Pérez J. Study of the Compatibilization Effect of Different Reactive Agents in PHB/Natural Fiber-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091967. [PMID: 32872605 PMCID: PMC7570349 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber–matrix interfacial adhesion is one of the key factors governing the final properties of natural fiber-based polymer composites. In this work, four extrusion reactive agents were tested as potential compatibilizers in polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB)/cellulose composites: dicumyl peroxide (DCP), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The influence of the fibers and the different reactive agents on the mechanical properties, physical aging, and crystallization behavior were assessed. To evaluate the compatibilization effectiveness of each reactive agent, highly purified commercial cellulose fibers (TC90) were used as reference filler. Then, the influence of fiber purity on the compatibilization effect of the reactive agent HMDI was evaluated using untreated (U_RH) and chemically purified (T_RH) rice husk fibers, comparing the results with the ones using TC90 fibers. The results show that reactive agents interact with the polymer matrix at different levels, but all compositions showed a drastic embrittlement due to the aging of PHB. No clear compatibilization effect was found using DCP, RDGE, or TGIC reactive agents. On the other hand, the fiber–polymer interfacial adhesion was enhanced with HMDI. The purity of the fiber played an important role in the effectiveness of HMDI as a compatibilizer, since composites with highly purified fibers showed the greatest improvements in tensile strength and the most favorable morphology. None of the reactive agents negatively affected the compostability of PHB. Finally, thermoformed trays with good mold reproducibility were successfully obtained for PHB/T_RH/HMDI composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Lidón Sánchez-Safont
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (E.L.S.-S.); (A.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Abdulaziz Aldureid
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (E.L.S.-S.); (A.A.); (L.C.)
| | - José María Lagarón
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (E.L.S.-S.); (A.A.); (L.C.)
| | - José Gámez-Pérez
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (E.L.S.-S.); (A.A.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Vostrejs P, Adamcová D, Vaverková MD, Enev V, Kalina M, Machovsky M, Šourková M, Marova I, Kovalcik A. Active biodegradable packaging films modified with grape seeds lignin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29202-29213. [PMID: 35521111 PMCID: PMC9055960 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable packaging materials represent one possible solution for how to reduce the negative environmental impact of plastics. The main idea of this work was to investigate the possibility of utilizing grape seed lignin for the modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates with the use of its antioxidant capacity in packaging films. For this purpose, polymeric films based on the blend of high crystalline poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) were prepared. PHB/PHA films displayed Young modulus of 240 MPa, tensile strength at a maximum of 6.6 MPa and elongation at break of 95.2%. The physical properties of PHB/PHA films were modified by the addition of 1-10 wt% of grape seeds lignin (GS-L). GS-L lignin showed a high antioxidant capacity: 238 milligrams of Trolox equivalents were equal to one gram of grape seeds lignin. The incorporation of grape seeds lignin into PHB/PHA films positively influenced their gas barrier properties, antioxidant activity and biodegradability. The values of oxygen and carbon dioxide transition rate of PHB/PHA with 1 wt% of GS-L were 7.3 and 36.3 cm3 m-2 24 h 0.1 MPa, respectively. The inhibition percentage of the ABTS radical determined in PHB/PHA/GS-L was in the range of 29.2% to 100% depending on the lignin concentration. The biodegradability test carried out under controlled composting environment for 90 days showed that the PHB/PHA film with 50 w/w% of amorphous PHA reached the degradability degree of 68.8% being about 26.6% higher decomposition than in the case of neat high crystalline PHB film. The degradability degree of PHA films in compost within the tested period reflected the modification of the semi-crystalline character and varied with the incorporated lignin. From the toxicological point of view, the composts obtained after biodegradation of PHA films proved the non-toxicity of PHB/PHA/GS-L materials and its degradation products showed a positive effect on white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vostrejs
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Dana Adamcová
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Daria Vaverková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska 159m 02 776 Warsaw Poland
| | - Vojtech Enev
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalina
- Department of Physical and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Michal Machovsky
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Třída Tomáše Bati 5678 760 01 Zlin Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šourková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno Zemědělská 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Marova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Kovalcik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology Purkynova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Wang P, Linares-Pastén JA, Zhang B. Synthesis, Molecular Docking Simulation, and Enzymatic Degradation of AB-Type Indole-Based Polyesters with Improved Thermal Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1078-1090. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Javier A. Linares-Pastén
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Dong C, Wang B, Li F, Zhong Q, Xia X, Kong B. Effects of edible chitosan coating on Harbin red sausage storage stability at room temperature. Meat Sci 2020; 159:107919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Luo Z, Wu YL, Li Z, Loh XJ. Recent Progress in Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Based Copolymers for Biomedical Applications. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900283. [PMID: 31469496 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, naturally biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) monopolymers have become focus of public attentions due to their good biocompatibility. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, high production costs, and limited functionality, its applications in materials, energy, and biomedical applications are greatly limited. In recent years, researchers have found that PHA copolymers have better thermal properties, mechanical processability, and physicochemical properties relative to their homopolymers. This review summarizes the synthesis of PHA copolymers by the latest biosynthetic and chemical modification methods. The modified PHA copolymer could greatly reduce the production cost with elevated mechanical or physicochemical properties, which can further meet the practical needs of various fields. This review further summarizes the broad applications of modified PHA copolymers in biomedical applications, which might shred lights on their commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key, Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key, Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
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