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Masood M, Ding Q, Cawte AD, Rueda DS, Grimm SW, Yagüe E, El-Bahrawy M. Genetic screening for anticancer genes highlights FBLN5 as a synthetic lethal partner of MYC. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:295. [PMID: 37864183 PMCID: PMC10588048 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When ectopically overexpressed, anticancer genes, such as TRAIL, PAR4 and ORCTL3, specifically destroy tumour cells without harming untransformed cells. Anticancer genes can not only serve as powerful tumour specific therapy tools but studying their mode of action can reveal mechanisms underlying the neoplastic transformation, sustenance and spread. METHODS Anticancer gene discovery is normally accidental. Here we describe a systematic, gain of function, forward genetic screen in mammalian cells to isolate novel anticancer genes of human origin. Continuing with over 30,000 transcripts from our previous study, 377 cell death inducing genes were subjected to screening. FBLN5 was chosen, as a proof of principle, for mechanistic gene expression profiling, comparison pathways analyses and functional studies. RESULTS Sixteen novel anticancer genes were isolated; these included non-coding RNAs, protein-coding genes and novel transcripts, such as ZNF436-AS1, SMLR1, TMEFF2, LINC01529, HYAL2, NEIL2, FBLN5, YPEL4 and PHKA2-processed transcript. FBLN5 selectively caused inhibition of MYC in COS-7 (transformed) cells but not in CV-1 (normal) cells. MYC was identified as synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5 where MYC transformed CV-1 cells experienced cell death upon FBLN5 transfection, whereas FBLN5 lost cell death induction in MCF-7 cells upon MYC knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen novel anticancer genes are present in human genome including FBLN5. MYC is a synthetic lethality partner of FBLN5. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Masood
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Qize Ding
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Adam D Cawte
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - David S Rueda
- Single Molecule Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Stefan W Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London, UK.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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2
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Chen T, Li D, Wang Y, Shen X, Dong A, Dong C, Duan K, Ren J, Li W, Shu G, Yang J, Xie Y, Qian F, Zhou J. Loss of NDUFS1 promotes gastric cancer progression by activating the mitochondrial ROS-HIF1α-FBLN5 signaling pathway. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1261-1273. [PMID: 37644092 PMCID: PMC10575981 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggested that NDUFS1 has an important role in human cancers; however, the effects of NDUFS1 on gastric cancer (GC) are still not fully understood. METHODS We confirmed that NDUFS1 is downregulated in GC cells through western blot immunohistochemistry and bioinformation analysis. The effect of NDUFS1 on GC was studied by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assay in vitro and Mouse xenograft assay in vivo. Expression and subcellular localization of NDUFS1 and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) was observed by confocal reflectance microscopy. RESULTS Reduced expression of NDUFS1 was found in GC tissues and cell lines. Also, NDUFS1 overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, NDUFS1 reduction led to the activation of the mROS-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) signaling pathway. We further clarified that NDUFS1 reduction upregulated the expression of fibulin 5 (FBLN5), a transcriptional target of HIF1α, through activation of mROS-HIF1α signaling in GC cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that NDUFS1 downregulation promotes GC progression by activating an mROS-HIF1α-FBLN5 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongbao Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Anqi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaipeng Duan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Ren
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Weikang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Gege Shu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Fuliang Qian
- Center for Systems Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
- Medical Center of Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
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Ding Y, Wu X, Yang X. Identification of miRNAs and target genes associated with lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:625-635. [PMID: 37125668 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2207644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and genes (DEGs) in metastatic cervical cancer using bioinformatic tools. In this study, fifty-seven DEMs (48 downregulated and 9 upregulated) were identified, among which miR-4459 and miR-3195 expression was negatively associated with overall survival of cervical cancer patients. Then, 476 target DEGs were determined, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Seventeen hub genes (LONRF2, CCNE2, AURKA, SYT1, NEGR1, PPP1R12B, GABRP, RAD51, CDK1, FBLN5, PRKG1, CDC6, CACNA1C, MEOX2, ANLN, MYLK, and EDNRB) were finally selected to construct the miRNA-hub gene network. Overall, our study discovered the key miRNAs and mRNAs related to lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical cancer, which helps discover candidate therapeutic targets for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Ankang City Central Hospital, Ankang, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Ankang City Central Hospital, Ankang, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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4
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Kralj J, Pernar Kovač M, Dabelić S, Polančec DS, Wachtmeister T, Köhrer K, Brozovic A. Transcriptome analysis of newly established carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell model reveals genes shared by drug resistance and drug-induced EMT. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1344-1359. [PMID: 36717670 PMCID: PMC10050213 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer (OC) therapy, even initially responsive patients develop drug resistance. METHODS Here, we present an OC cell model composed of variants with differing degrees of acquired resistance to carboplatin (CBP), cross-resistance to paclitaxel, and CBP-induced metastatic properties (migration and invasion). Transcriptome data were analysed by two approaches identifying differentially expressed genes and CBP sensitivity-correlating genes. The impact of selected genes and signalling pathways on drug resistance and metastatic potential, along with their clinical relevance, was examined by in vitro and in silico approaches. RESULTS TMEM200A and PRKAR1B were recognised as potentially involved in both phenomena, also having high predictive and prognostic values for OC patients. CBP-resistant MES-OV CBP8 cells were more sensitive to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors Rapamycin, Wortmannin, SB216763, and transcription inhibitor Triptolide compared with parental MES-OV cells. When combined with CBP, Rapamycin decreased the sensitivity of parental cells while Triptolide sensitised drug-resistant cells to CBP. Four PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors reduced migration in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS A newly established research model and two distinct transcriptome analysis approaches identified novel candidate genes enrolled in CBP resistance development and/or CBP-induced EMT and implied that one-gene targeting could be a better approach than signalling pathway inhibition for influencing both phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juran Kralj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Pernar Kovač
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Thorsten Wachtmeister
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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5
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Li Y, Yang X, Lu D. Knockdown of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression via targeting fibulin-5 (FBLN5). Bioengineered 2022; 13:11867-11880. [PMID: 35543375 PMCID: PMC9275889 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main histological type of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Accumulating evidence has displayed that UBE2T is related to tumor progression. However, its role in LUAD has not been fully elucidated. The expression of UBE2T was detected in LUAD tissues by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. UBE2T shRNAs were transfected into LUAD cells to analyze the consequent alteration in function through CCK-8 assay, Edu assay, transwell assay, and TUNEL staining. The potential mechanism of UBE2T was analyzed through GEPIA and verified using ChIP, EMSA, and GST pull-down assays. Furthermore, a xenograft mouse model was used to assess UBE2T function in vivo. Results showed that UBE2T level was significantly elevated in LUAD tissues and high UBE2T expression was associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Results from the loss-of-function experiments in vitro showed that UBE2T modulated LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The mechanism analysis demonstrated that silence of UBE2T increased FBLN5 expression and inhibited the activation of p-ERK, p-GSK3β, and β-catenin. Moreover, following knockdown of UBE2T, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were decreased, and sh-FBLN5 partially reverse the decrease. In in vivo experiments, it was found that UBE2T knockdown inhibits the tumor growth in LUAD. Immunohistochemically, there was a reduction in Ki67 and an increase in FBLN5 in UBE2T shRNA-treated tumor tissues. In conclusion, UBE2T might be a potential biomarker of LUAD, and targeting the UBE2T/FBLN5 axis might be a novel treatment strategy for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Respiration Medicine, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan City, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Respiration Medicine, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan City, PR China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, PR China
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6
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Li R, Wu H, Jiang H, Wang Q, Dou Z, Ma H, Yan S, Yuan C, Yang N, Kong B. FBLN5 is targeted by microRNA‑27a‑3p and suppresses tumorigenesis and progression in high‑grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2143-2151. [PMID: 32901854 PMCID: PMC7550983 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies; however, the precise molecular mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Fibulin-5 (FBLN-5) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, and plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of ECM structures, regulating cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In the present study, the expression of FBLN-5, as determined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, was significantly increased in normal fallopian tube (FT) samples compared with that in HGSOC samples, and decreased FBLN5 expression was associated with unfavorable prognosis of HGSOC. Functional characterization revealed that FBLN5 overexpression significantly inhibited migration, invasion and proliferation abilities of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, micro (mi)RNA-27a-3p (miR-27a-3p) was revealed to be increased in HGSOC, and dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-27a-3p was functioned as a negative regulator of FBLN5 by directly binding with its 3′-untranslated region. Collectively, FBLN5 expression was associated with prognosis, proliferation, and metastasis in HGSOC. We hypothesized that FBLN5 was targeted by miR-27a-3p and may serve as a biomarker and provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huiyang Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qiuman Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Dou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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7
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Liguori GR, Liguori TTA, de Moraes SR, Sinkunas V, Terlizzi V, van Dongen JA, Sharma PK, Moreira LFP, Harmsen MC. Molecular and Biomechanical Clues From Cardiac Tissue Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Drive Stromal Cell Plasticity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:520. [PMID: 32548106 PMCID: PMC7273975 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized-organ-derived extracellular matrix (dECM) has been used for many years in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The manufacturing of hydrogels from dECM allows to make use of the pro-regenerative properties of the ECM and, simultaneously, to shape the material in any necessary way. The objective of the present project was to investigate differences between cardiovascular tissues (left ventricle, mitral valve, and aorta) with respect to generating dECM hydrogels and their interaction with cells in 2D and 3D. The left ventricle, mitral valve, and aorta of porcine hearts were decellularized using a series of detergent treatments (SDS, Triton-X 100 and deoxycholate). Mass spectrometry-based proteomics yielded the ECM proteins composition of the dECM. The dECM was digested with pepsin and resuspended in PBS (pH 7.4). Upon warming to 37°C, the suspension turns into a gel. Hydrogel stiffness was determined for samples with a dECM concentration of 20 mg/mL. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) and a combination of ASC with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC) were cultured, respectively, on and in hydrogels to analyze cellular plasticity in 2D and vascular network formation in 3D. Differentiation of ASC was induced with 10 ng/mL of TGF-β1 and SM22α used as differentiation marker. 3D vascular network formation was evaluated with confocal microscopy after immunofluorescent staining of PECAM-1. In dECM, the most abundant protein was collagen VI for the left ventricle and mitral valve and elastin for the aorta. The stiffness of the hydrogel derived from the aorta (6,998 ± 895 Pa) was significantly higher than those derived from the left ventricle (3,384 ± 698 Pa) and the mitral valve (3,233 ± 323 Pa) (One-way ANOVA, p = 0.0008). Aorta-derived dECM hydrogel drove non-induced (without TGF-β1) differentiation, while hydrogels derived from the left ventricle and mitral valve inhibited TGF-β1-induced differentiation. All hydrogels supported vascular network formation within 7 days of culture, but ventricular dECM hydrogel demonstrated more robust vascular networks, with thicker and longer vascular structures. All the three main cardiovascular tissues, myocardium, valves, and large arteries, could be used to fabricate hydrogels from dECM, and these showed an origin-dependent influence on ASC differentiation and vascular network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Romero Liguori
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tácia Tavares Aquinas Liguori
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Rodrigues de Moraes
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viktor Sinkunas
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Terlizzi
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joris A van Dongen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules and sheets conventionally correspond to smooth and rough ER, respectively. The ratio of ER tubules-to-sheets varies in different cell types and changes in response to cellular conditions, potentially impacting the functional output of the ER. To directly test whether ER morphology impacts vesicular trafficking, we increased the tubule-to-sheet ratio in three different ways, by overexpressing Rtn4a, Rtn4b, or REEP5. Only Rtn4a overexpression increased exocytosis, but not overall levels, of several cell surface and secreted proteins. Furthermore, Rtn4a depletion reduced cell surface trafficking without affecting ER morphology. Similar results were observed in three different mammalian cell lines, suggesting that Rtn4a generally enhances exocytosis independently of changes in ER morphology. Finally, we show that Rtn4a levels modulate cell adhesion, possibly by regulating trafficking of integrins to the cell surface. Taking the results together, we find that altering ER morphology does not necessarily affect protein trafficking, but that Rtn4a specifically enhances exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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9
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Deng S, Zhang H, Han W, Guo C, Deng C. Transforming Growth Factor-β-Neutralizing Antibodies Improve Alveolarization in the Oxygen-Exposed Newborn Mouse Lung. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:106-116. [PMID: 30657417 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alveolar formation and excessive disordered elastin accumulation are key pathological features in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is an important regulator of the extracellular matrix in the developing lung. To determine if increased TGF-β would injure alveolar development by activating TGF-β signaling and by influencing the expression of elastogenesis-related protein, we performed intraperitoneal injection of newborn mice with the TGF-β-neutralizing antibody 1D11 and observed whether 1D11 had a protective role in the oxygen (O2)-exposed newborn mouse lung. The newborn mice were exposed to 85% O2 for 14 and 21 days. 1D11 was administered by intraperitoneal injection every day from postnatal days 3 to 20. Alveolar morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression and distribution of elastin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The level of TGF-β signaling-related proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot. The expression levels of elastogenesis-related proteins, including tropoelastin, fibulin-5, and neutrophil elastase (NE), which participate in the synthesis, assembly, and degradation of elastin, were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. In this research, impaired alveolar development and elastin deposition as well as the excessive activation of TGF-β signaling were observed in the newborn mouse lung exposed to hyperoxia. 1D11 improved alveolarization as well as the distribution of elastin in the newborn lung with hyperoxia exposure. The expression levels of tropoelastin, fibulin-5, and NE, which are important components of elastogenesis, were decreased by treatment with 1D11 in the injured newborn lung. These data demonstrate that 1D11 improved alveolarization by blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway and by reducing the abnormal expression of elastogenesis-related proteins in the O2-exposed newborn mouse lung. 1D11 may become a new therapeutic method to prevent the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenli Han
- 2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,4 Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,5 Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Center, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Extracellular Interactions between Fibulins and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092787. [PMID: 30227601 PMCID: PMC6163299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional peptide growth factor that has a vital role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, inflammation, and repair in a variety of tissues, and its dysregulation mediates a number of pathological conditions including fibrotic disorders, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer progression. Regulation of TGF-β signaling is multifold, but one critical site of regulation is via interaction with certain extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments, as TGF-β is primarily secreted as a biologically inactive form sequestrated into ECM. Several ECM proteins are known to modulate TGF-β signaling via cell–matrix interactions, including thrombospondins, SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cystein), tenascins, osteopontin, periostin, and fibulins. Fibulin family members consist of eight ECM glycoproteins characterized by a tandem array of calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like modules and a common C-terminal domain. Fibulins not only participate in structural integrity of basement membrane and elastic fibers, but also serve as mediators for cellular processes and tissue remodeling as they are highly upregulated during embryonic development and certain disease processes, especially at the sites of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Emerging studies have indicated a close relationship between fibulins and TGF-β signaling, but each fibulin plays a different role in a context-dependent manner. In this review, regulatory interactions between fibulins and TGF-β signaling are discussed. Understanding biological roles of fibulins in TGF-β regulation may introduce new insights into the pathogenesis of some human diseases.
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Zhang D, Wang S, Chen J, Liu H, Lu J, Jiang H, Huang A, Chen Y. Fibulin-4 promotes osteosarcoma invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1513-1530. [PMID: 28339091 PMCID: PMC5403358 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role of fibulin-4 in osteosarcoma progression and the possible signaling pathway involved. Fibulin-4 mRNA and protein expression in normal tissue, benign fibrous dysplasia, osteosarcoma, osteosarcoma cell lines, the normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB, and different invasive subclones were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR). Using in vitro functional assays, we analyzed the invasive and proliferative abilities of different osteosarcoma cell lines and subclones with differing invasive potential. To assess the role of fibulin-4 in the invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells, lentiviral vectors with fibulin-4 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and pLVX-fibulin-4 were constructed and used to infect the highly invasive and low invasive subclones and osteosarcoma cell lines. The effects of fibulin-4 knockdown and upregulation on the biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells were investigated by functional in vitro and in vivo assays. The results revealed that fibulin-4 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma, and was positively correlated with low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Fibulin-4 was also found to be over-expressed in highly invasive cell lines and in the highly invasive subclones. Fibulin-4 could promote osteosarcoma cell invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fibulin-4 is a promoter of osteosarcoma development and progression, and suggest a novel therapeutic target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Songgang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Jinfa Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Topalovski M, Hagopian M, Wang M, Brekken RA. Hypoxia and Transforming Growth Factor β Cooperate to Induce Fibulin-5 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22244-22252. [PMID: 27531748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a defining feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), where ECM signaling can promote cancer cell survival and epithelial plasticity programs. However, ECM signaling can also limit PDA tumor growth by producing cytotoxic levels of reactive oxygen species. For example, excess fibronectin stimulation of α5β1 integrin on stromal cells in PDA results in reduced angiogenesis and increased tumor cell apoptosis because of oxidative stress. Fibulin-5 (Fbln5) is a matricellular protein that blocks fibronectin-integrin interaction and thus directly limits ECM-driven reactive oxygen species production and supports PDA progression. Compared with normal pancreatic tissue, Fbln5 is expressed abundantly in the stroma of PDA; however, the mechanisms underlying the stimulation of Fbln5 expression in PDA are undefined. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we report that hypoxia triggers Fbln5 expression in a TGF-β- and PI3K-dependent manner. Pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β receptor, PI3K, or protein kinase B (AKT) was found to block hypoxia-induced Fbln5 expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and 3T3 fibroblasts. Moreover, tumor-associated fibroblasts from mouse PDA were also responsive to TGF-β receptor and PI3K/AKT inhibition with regard to suppression of Fbln5. In genetically engineered mouse models of PDA, therapy-induced hypoxia elevated Fbln5 expression, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced Fbln5 expression. These findings offer insight into the signaling axis that induces Fbln5 expression in PDA and a potential strategy to block its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Topalovski
- From the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Cancer Biology Graduate Program
| | | | - Miao Wang
- From the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- From the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8593
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Winship AL, Rainczuk K, Ton A, Dimitriadis E. Fibulin-5 localisation in human endometrial cancer shifts from epithelial to stromal with increasing tumour grade, and silencing promotes endometrial epithelial cancer cell proliferation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:651-657. [PMID: 27347195 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynaecological malignancy. While endocrine, genetic and inflammatory factors are thought to contribute to its pathogenesis, its precise etiology and molecular regulators remain poorly understood. Fibulin-5 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that inhibits cell growth and invasion in several cancer cell types and is downregulated in a number of types of human cancer. However, it is unknown whether fibulin-5 plays a role in endometrial tumourigenesis. In the current report, the expression and localisation of fibulin-5 in type I endometrioid human endometrial cancers of grades (G) 1-3 was investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Fibulin-5 mRNA was found to be significantly reduced in whole tumour tissues from women across G1-3 compared with benign endometrium (P<0.0001). Consistently, fibulin-5 protein was also reduced in the tumour epithelial compartment across increasing tumour grades. By contrast, increased protein localisation to the tumour stroma was observed with increasing grade. Knockdown by small interfering RNA in Ishikawa endometrial epithelial cancer cells expressing fibulin-5 stimulated cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. Fibulin-5 mRNA expression in Ishikawa cells was induced by transforming growth factor-β and fibulin-5 in turn activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), suggesting that it may act via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In summary, the present study identified fibulin-5 as a downregulated ECM gene in human endometrial cancer and observed a shift from epithelial to stromal protein localisation with increasing tumour grade in women. These data suggest that loss of fibulin-5 function may promote endometrial cancer progression by enhancing epithelial cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Louise Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amanda Ton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Chen X, Song X, Yue W, Chen D, Yu J, Yao Z, Zhang L. Fibulin-5 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15022-34. [PMID: 25909283 PMCID: PMC4558133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is incurable and a leading cause of cancer death in the United States. However, the molecular mechanism by which lung cancer cells invade other tissues has remained unclear. We previously identified fibulin-5, an extracellular matrix protein, as a frequently silenced gene in lung cancer and a suppressor of cell invasion. In this study, we found fibulin-5 functions by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets show a strong association between loss of fibulin-5 expression and poor outcomes of lung cancer patients, and also activation of the Wnt target genes MMP-7 and c-Myc. Fibulin-5 impedes Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) to activate glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β), which downregulates β-catenin and prevents its nuclear accumulation, leading to suppression of MMP-7 and c-Myc expression. These effects of fibulin-5 are mediated by its amino-terminal integrin-binding RGD motif. Fibulin-5 also blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vivo in H460 metastasis and H1299 tumor models. Furthermore, knockdown of β-catenin suppresses metastasis of H460 tumors, while knockdown of GSK3β promotes metastasis of fibulin-5-expressing H1752 tumors. Together, our results suggest that fibulin-5 functions as a metastasis suppressor in lung cancer by modulating tumor microenvironment to suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yue
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dongshi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mohamedi Y, Fontanil T, Solares L, Garcia-Suárez O, García-Piqueras J, Vega JA, Cal S, Obaya AJ. Fibulin-5 downregulates Ki-67 and inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1447-56. [PMID: 26891749 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulins not only function as molecular bridges within the cellular microenvironment but also influence cell behavior. Thus, fibulins may contribute to create a permissive microenvironment for tumor growth but can also stimulate different mechanisms that may impede tumor progression. This is the case with Fibulin-5, which has been shown to display both tumor-promoting and tumor-protective functions by mechanisms that are not totally defined. We show new evidence on the tumor-protective functions displayed by Fibulin-5 in MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells including the inhibition of invasion and proliferation capacity and hampering the ability to form mammospheres. Reduction in the level of phosphorylation of Ser residues involved in the nuclear translocation of β-catenin may underlie these antitumor effects. We also found that Fibulin-5 reduces the level of expression of Ki-67, a nuclear protein associated with cell proliferation. Moreover, reduction in Fibulin-5 expression corresponds to an increase of Ki-67 detection in breast tissue samples. Overall, our data provide new insights into the influence of Fibulin-5 to modify breast cancer cell behavior and contribute to better understand the connections between fibulins and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Mohamedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tania Fontanil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Solares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia Garcia-Suárez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Piqueras
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose A Vega
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago Cal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alvaro J Obaya
- Department of Functional Biology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Winship A, Cuman C, Rainczuk K, Dimitriadis E. Fibulin-5 is upregulated in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells and promotes primary human extravillous trophoblast outgrowth. Placenta 2015; 36:1405-11. [PMID: 26506560 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the highly invasive trophoblasts and the maternal uterine decidual extracellular matrix (ECM) are crucial in the determination of a successful pregnancy. Fibulin-5 (FBLN5) is a member of the fibulin family that alters cell adhesive and invasive properties and is expressed in human villous cytotrophoblasts. We aimed to determine the expression and immunolocalization of FBLN5 in human first trimester decidua and examine the effect of FBLN5 in trophoblast invasion in vitro using a first trimester placental villous outgrowth assay. We demonstrated that FBLN5 mRNA expression is upregulated in response to cAMP-mediated decidualization of primary human endometrial stromal cells, although FBLN5 itself does not enhance decidualization. We reported for the first time, FBLN5 protein production in first trimester decidual cells and also co-localization to HLAG-positive EVTs in first trimester decidua. Consequently, we investigated the effects of exogenous FBLN5 on placental villous outgrowth in vitro and demonstrated that FBLN5 promotes EVT migration/invasion. This is the first study to identify FBLN5 in decidualized human endometrial stromal cells, first trimester decidua and EVT and determine a functional role for FBLN5 in human EVTs, suggesting that decidual and or EVT-derived FBLN5 regulates EVT invasion and placentation in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carly Cuman
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Rainczuk
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Tang JC, Liu JH, Liu XL, Liang X, Cai XJ. Effect of fibulin-5 on adhesion, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via an integrin-dependent mechanism. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11127-11140. [PMID: 26494967 PMCID: PMC4607910 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the role of fibulin-5 (FBLN-5) as a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell metastasis via integrin.
METHODS: The expression of FBLN-5 was determined by immunohistochemistry in 140 HCC samples and matched normal tissues, and was further confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses in various cell lines. Recombinant FBLN-5 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified and used in cell attachment assays. Expression of a specific plasmid or a specific siRNA in HCC cells resulted in the overexpression or knockdown of FBLN-5, respectively. Further, the migration and invasion of HCC cells were investigated using the Boyden chamber and transwell assays. The concentration of secreted matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) was determined using ELISA.
RESULTS: FBLN-5 expression was found to be downregulated in HCC. Its expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor metastasis; this was indicative of poor 5-year overall survival. Recombinant full-length human FBLN-5 promoted the attachment of HCC cells via integrins: it inhibited HCC cell adhesion and migration to fibronectin in a concentration-dependent manner. It also inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion through an integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif by downregulating MMP-7.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that lower FBLN-5 expression is an important indicator of poor survival and that FBLN-5 inhibits HCC motility via an integrin-dependent mechanism. RGD-dependent suppression of MMP-7 by FBLN-5 might contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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EMT-Inducing Molecular Factors in Gynecological Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:420891. [PMID: 26356073 PMCID: PMC4556818 DOI: 10.1155/2015/420891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are the unregulated growth of neoplastic cells that arise in the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. Although gynecologic cancers are characterized by different signs and symptoms, studies have shown that they share common risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, age, exposure to certain chemicals, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Despite recent advancements in the preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions for gynecologic cancers, many patients still die as a result of metastasis and recurrence. Since mounting evidence indicates that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays an essential role in metastatic relapse of cancer, understanding the molecular aberrations responsible for the EMT and its underlying signaling should be given high priority in order to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Heo JH, Song JY, Jeong JY, Kim G, Kim TH, Kang H, Kwon AY, An HJ. Fibulin-5 is a tumour suppressor inhibiting cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:109-16. [PMID: 26251522 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Fibulin-5 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein which has a role in the organisation and stabilisation of ECM structures and regulating cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. Here, the expression of fibulin-5 and its functional effects on the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells were assessed. METHODS Expression of fibulin-5 was detected in 44 ovarian tumour tissues by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We performed cell migration and invasion assays, and cell cycle analysis in fibulin-5 transfected SKOV3 (SKOV3-FBLN5) cells and the parental SKOV3 cells. We further examined the expression of three tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and seven matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by RT-PCR. RESULTS mRNA and protein expression of fibulin-5 were down-regulated (0.05-fold and 0.1-fold) in ovarian carcinomas compared with control tissues (p<0.01 and p=0.022). In wound-healing and invasion assays, significantly fewer SKOV3-FBLN5 cells than SKOV3 control cells migrated and invaded (39.1%, p=0.046 and 70%, p=0.03, respectively), which was reversed by siRNA-treatment. Overexpression of fibulin-5 induced G2/M arrest and increased cyclin B1, CDC2 and CDC25C. Expression of TIMP-2 (0.56-fold), MMP-3 (0.43-fold) and MMP-13 (0.18-fold) was lower and MMP-9 expression (2.20-fold) was higher in SKOV3-FBLN5 cells than in control cells. CONCLUSIONS Fibulin-5 is significantly down-regulated in ovarian carcinoma and acts as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyung Heo
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Song
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeong Jeong
- Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Haeyoun Kang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea Clinical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Sungnam, Korea
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Sheng XD, Chen H, Wang H, Ding ZB, Xu GZ, Zhang JF, Lu WC, Wu T, Zhao L. Fibulin-5 is a Prognostic Marker that Contributes to Proliferation and Invasion of Human Glioma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:769-73. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tu K, Dou C, Zheng X, Li C, Yang W, Yao Y, Liu Q. Fibulin-5 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and invasion by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:938. [PMID: 25494879 PMCID: PMC4295477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibulin-5 has been considered as a tumor suppressor through inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. Reduced expression of Fibulin-5 is frequently observed in various human cancers. In this study, we investigate the clinical significance of Fibulin-5 and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration and invasion. Methods The expression of Fibulin-5 was evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting in HCC and matched noncancerous tissues. Fibulin-5 was over-expressed or knocked down by a retrovirus-mediated expression plasmid or a specific siRNA in HCC cells. Boyden chamber and Transwell assays were used to test HCC cell migration and invasion. Immunostaining was performed to determine matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression in HCC specimens. MMP-7 retroviruses and siRNA were used to alter MMP-7 expression in HCC cells. Results In our study, the expression levels of Fibulin-5 protein and mRNA were down-regulated in HCC tissues as compared with those in matched noncancerous tissues. Reduced expression of Fibulin-5 was observed in all HCC cell lines (HepG2, SMMC-7721, MHCC97L, Hep3B, MHCC97H and HCC-LM3) as compare with that in a non-transformed hepatic cell line (LO2). Low expression of Fibulin-5 was significantly correlated with poor prognostic features including multiple tumor nodes, venous infiltration, high Edmondson-Steiner grading and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) tumor stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Fibulin-5 was a novel independent prognostic marker for predicting 5-year survival of HCC patients. Our in vitro studies showed that Fibulin-5 overexpression inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion. While Fibulin-5 knockdown increased the number of migrated and invaded HCC cells. Fibulin-5 negatively regulated MMP-7 abundance in HCC cells. Moreover, the inverse correlation between Fibulin-5 and MMP-7 expressions was observed in HCC tissues. Mechanistically, we disclosed that MMP-7 knockdown reduced the number of migrated and invaded HCC cells. Restoring MMP-7 expression abrogated the suppressive effect of Fibulin-5 on HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, suggesting that Fibulin-5 exerted its anti-metastatic function, at least in part, by down-regulating the expression of MMP-7 in HCC cells. Conclusions These results indicate that Fibulin-5 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and inhibits HCC invasion and metastasis by suppressing MMP-7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
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Oncogenic fibulin-5 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell metastasis through the FLJ10540/AKT pathway and correlates with poor prognosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84218. [PMID: 24386352 PMCID: PMC3874010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is known for its high metastatic potential and locoregional recurrence, although the molecular alterations that are driving NPC metastasis remain unclear at this time. This study aimed to examine the expression of fibulin-5 in NPC, correlate the results with clinicopathological variables and survival, and to investigate the role of fibulin-5 in human NPC cell lines. Material and Methods Standard semi-quantitative-RT-PCR, quantitative-RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the mRNA and protein expression profiles of fibulin-5 in normal and NPC tissues. Immunohistochemistry of fibulin-5 was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics by univariate analyses. NPC cells overexpressing fibulin-5 or fibulin-5-siRNA cells were generated by stable transfection to characterize the molecular mechanisms of fibulin-5-elicited cell growth and metastasis. Results Our results demonstrated that fibulin-5 overexpression in NPC specimens and significantly correlated with advanced tumor metastasis indicating a poor 5-year overall survival. Fibulin-5 was mainly expressed in the nucleus in human NPC specimens and cell lines. Functionally, fibulin-5 overexpression yielded fast growth in NPC cells. In addition, fibulin-5 promotes cell metastasis in NPC cells through increased FLJ10540 and phosphor-AKT activity. In contrast, siRNA depletion of fibulin-5 suppressed FLJ10540 expression and phosphor-AKT activity. Suppression of either fibulin-5 or FLJ10540 can cause significant inhibition with regards to cell motility in NPC cells. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of human aggressive NPC specimens showed a significant and positive correlation between fibulin-5 and FLJ10540 expression. Conclusion Higher fibulin-5 expression is not only an important indicator of poor survival, but also contributes to the development of new therapeutic strategies in the FLJ10540/AKT pathway for NPC treatment.
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Ishikawa T, Shimizu T, Ueki A, Yamaguchi SI, Onishi N, Sugihara E, Kuninaka S, Miyamoto T, Morioka H, Nakayama R, Kobayashi E, Toyama Y, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Yamaguchi R, Miyano S, Saya H. Twist2 functions as a tumor suppressor in murine osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:880-8. [PMID: 23557174 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the malignant progression of cancer cells including acquisition of the ability to undergo metastasis. However, whereas EMT-related transcription factors (EMT-TF) are known to play an important role in the malignant progression of epithelial tumors, their role in mesenchymal tumors remains largely unknown. We show that expression of the gene for Twist2 is downregulated in human osteosarcoma and correlates inversely with tumorigenic potential in mouse osteosarcoma. Forced expression of Twist2 in highly tumorigenic murine osteosarcoma cells induced a slight inhibition of cell growth in vitro but markedly suppressed tumor formation in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of Twist2 in osteosarcoma cells with a low tumorigenic potential promoted tumor formation in vivo, suggesting that Twist2 functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, Twist2 induced expression of fibulin-5, which has been reported as a tumor suppressor. Medium conditioned by mouse osteosarcoma cells overexpressing Twist2 inhibited expression of the MMP9 gene as well as invasion in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and forced expression of Twist2 in osteosarcoma cells suppressed MMP9 gene expression in tumor tissue. Data from the present study suggest that Twist2 inhibits formation of a microenvironment conducive to tumor growth and thereby attenuates tumorigenesis in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ishikawa
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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SNP-SNP interaction network in angiogenesis genes associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59688. [PMID: 23593148 PMCID: PMC3618555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis has been shown to be associated with prostate cancer development. The majority of prostate cancer studies focused on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) while SNP-SNP interactions are suggested having a great impact on unveiling the underlying mechanism of complex disease. Using 1,151 prostate cancer patients in the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) dataset, 2,651 SNPs in the angiogenesis genes associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness were evaluated. SNP-SNP interactions were primarily assessed using the two-stage Random Forests plus Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (TRM) approach in the CGEMS group, and were then re-evaluated in the Moffitt group with 1,040 patients. For the identified gene pairs, cross-evaluation was applied to evaluate SNP interactions in both study groups. Five SNP-SNP interactions in three gene pairs (MMP16+ ROBO1, MMP16+ CSF1, and MMP16+ EGFR) were identified to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer in both groups. Three pairs of SNPs (rs1477908+ rs1387665, rs1467251+ rs7625555, and rs1824717+ rs7625555) were in MMP16 and ROBO1, one pair (rs2176771+ rs333970) in MMP16 and CSF1, and one pair (rs1401862+ rs6964705) in MMP16 and EGFR. The results suggest that MMP16 may play an important role in prostate cancer aggressiveness. By integrating our novel findings and available biomedical literature, a hypothetical gene interaction network was proposed. This network demonstrates that our identified SNP-SNP interactions are biologically relevant and shows that EGFR may be the hub for the interactions. The findings provide valuable information to identify genotype combinations at risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer and improve understanding on the genetic etiology of angiogenesis associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Xiao W, Zhou S, Xu H, Li H, He G, Liu Y, Qi Y. Nogo-B promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HeLa cervical cancer cells via Fibulin-5. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:109-16. [PMID: 23042479 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women worldwide, and the occurrence of invasion and metastasis is the major cause for most cancer-related deaths. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the metastasis of primary tumors and provides molecular mechanisms for cervical cancer metastasis. We previously reported that Nogo-B mediates cell motility by binding Fibulin-5. Herein, we show that the increased expression of Nogo-B is correlated with the degree of cervical cancer metastasis. In HeLa cervical cancer cells, overexpression of Nogo-B induces the EMT and promotes cell migration and invasion, while inhibiting cell adhesion. Furthermore, we found that Nogo-B accumulates and co-localizes with Fibulin-5 in pseudopods, and the downstream effects of overexpression of Nogo-B on cell motility could be partially abolished by RNA interference against Fibulin-5. These results suggest that Nogo-B functions as an inducer of cervical cancer metastasis and that this effect is mediated, at least in part, through Fibulin-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, and Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, Wuhan, PR China
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Tsuruga E, Oka K, Hatakeyama Y, Isokawa K, Sawa Y. Latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 2 negatively regulates coalescence of oxytalan fibers induced by stretching stress. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 53:521-7. [PMID: 22827404 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.702816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxytalan fibers are extracellular matrix components consisting of pure microfibrils. However, the mechanism whereby oxytalan fibers develop is not fully understood. We have previously reported that in human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts subjected to stretching stress, bundles of oxytalan fibers coalesce under the control of fibulin-5. Latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 2 (LTBP-2) is known to bind to fibulin-5. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of LTBP-2 in the coalescence of oxytalan fibers. We subjected PDL fibroblasts to stretching in order to examine the effects of LTBP-2 on the coalescence of oxytalan fibers in cell/matrix layers. Interaction of LTBP-2 with fibulin-5 was examined by immunoprecipitation assay, and changes in LTBP-2 deposition upon stretching were investigated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. We used small interfering RNA against LTBP-2 in PDL cell culture and examined the appearance of oxytalan fibers on the basis of immunofluorescence. Stretching induced coalescence of oxytalan fibers, but did not affect LTBP-2 expression. The amount of extracellularly deposited LTBP-2 was decreased by about 70% as a result of stretching, compared with the control. LTBP-2 interacted with fibulin-5 on the fibers, and stretching decreased the amount of the LTBP-2 interacted with fibulin-5 by about 60%. Oxytalan fiber coalescence did not occur when LTBP-2 was suppressed by about 95%, whereas it occurred when LTBP-2 was suppressed by about 40%, fibulin-5 being colocalized with oxytalan fibers. These results suggest that LTBP-2, in response to tension stress, may negatively control the function of fibulin-5, thereby modulating the mechanism of oxytalan fiber coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eichi Tsuruga
- Section of Functional Structure, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Hirai Y, Muragaki Y, Itoh S, Oikawa K, Juri M, Kondo T, Okamura Y. Fibulin-5 protein is reduced in the lung of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who are under 25 years old. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 18:200-5. [PMID: 22790990 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.11.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify whether fibulins-5 is associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in young PSP patients. METHODS Forty-six surgically resected, fresh lung specimens were used. Patients were divided into 3 groups: younger than 25 years with pneumothorax (group Y), 25 years or older with pneumothorax (group O), and without pneumothorax (group C). Chest X-ray, computed tomography data, height/width ratio (H/W) and anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio (a/b) were measured. Elastica van Gieson staining and immunofluorescence staining for fibulin-5 were performed. Fibulin-5 mRNA expression and protein levels were measured by real-time PCR and western blotting. Direct sequences of the fibulin-5 gene in PSP patients were performed. RESULTS The mean H/W ratio in group Y was significantly larger than that in the other groups (p <0.01). The mean a/b ratio in group Y was significantly smaller than that in the other groups (p = 0.02). Fibulin-5 mRNA expression was not significantly different among the groups (p = 0.64). The relative intensity of fibulin-5 protein in group Y was significantly lower than that in group O (p = 0.006), with no significant differences between groups O and C (p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS We showed that fibulin-5 is reduced in patients with PSP who are younger than 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Hirai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.
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28
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Zhao BH, Zhou JH. Decreased expression of elastin, fibulin-5 and lysyl oxidase-like 1 in the uterosacral ligaments of postmenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:925-31. [PMID: 22487196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pelvic organ prolapse is associated with defects in connective tissues, including elastic fibers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of fibulin-5 and lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1), which play an essential role in the synthesis and assembly of elastic fibers, in the uterosacral ligaments of women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) compared with controls. METHOD Specimens were obtained prospectively during transvaginal or abdominal hysterectomy from 30 women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse and 30 controls matched to the POP group for age and parity among postmenopausal women with benign gynecologic diseases. The expressions of elastin, fibulin-5 and LOXL1 in uterosacral ligaments were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We detected a decreased, sometimes absent, expression of fibulin-5 and LOXL1 in the uterosacral ligaments of women with POP, despite a positive expression of elastin. There was a decrease in positive percentage of LOXL1 in the POP group (23.3%) compared with the controls (60%) (P = 0.004). With immunolabeling intensity classified as negative, weak, moderate or strong, there was a decrease in the expression of fibulin-5 in the POP group (P = 0.049). We also detected a significantly decreased expression of LOXL1 in the POP group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was decreased expression of fibulin-5 and LOXL1 in the uterosacral ligaments of patients with pelvic organ prolapse, while the elastin expression was equivalent, which may suggest the possibility of defects in elastic fiber remodeling in the postpartum period and contribute to POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-hui Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that functions to inhibit mammary tumorigenesis by directly inducing mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, and to secrete a variety of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that maintain cell and tissue homeostasis. Genetic and epigenetic events that transpire during mammary tumorigenesis typically inactivate the tumor suppressing activities of TGF-beta and ultimately confer this cytokine with tumor promoting activities, including the ability to stimulate breast cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and evasion from the immune system. This dramatic conversion in TGF-beta function is known as the "TGF-beta paradox" and reflects a variety of dynamic alterations that occur not only within the developing mammary carcinoma, but also within the cellular and structural composition of its accompanying tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the critical importance of mammary tumor microenvironments in manifesting the TGF-beta paradox and influencing the response of developing mammary carcinomas to TGF-beta. Here we highlight recent findings demonstrating the essential function of tumor microenvironments in regulating the oncogenic activities of TGF-beta and its stimulation of metastatic progression during mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Taylor
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yong-Hun Lee
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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30
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Guadall A, Orriols M, Rodríguez-Calvo R, Calvayrac O, Crespo J, Aledo R, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Fibulin-5 is up-regulated by hypoxia in endothelial cells through a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α)-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:7093-103. [PMID: 21193390 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.162917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia modulates gene expression and affects multiple aspects of endothelial cell biology. Fibulin-5 (FBLN5) is an extracellular matrix protein essential for elastic fiber assembly and vasculogenesis that participates in vascular remodeling and controls endothelial cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation. In this context, we aimed to analyze FBLN5 regulation by hypoxia in endothelial cells. Hypoxia (1% O(2)) increased FBLN5 mRNA levels in endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Maximal induction (∼2.5-fold) was achieved after 24 h of hypoxia. This effect paralleled an increase in both intracellular and extracellular FBLN5 protein levels. The increase in FBLN5 mRNA levels observed in hypoxic cells was blocked by inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (LY294002 and rapamycin) and mimicked by dimethyl oxal glycine, which prevents proline hydroxylase-mediated degradation of HIF-1α. Silencing of HIF-1α completely prevented hypoxia-induced FBLN5 up-regulation. Accordingly, both hypoxia and HIF-1α overexpression increased FBLN5 transcriptional activity. Serial promoter deletion and mutagenesis studies revealed the involvement of a putative hypoxia response element (HRE) located at -78 bp. In fact, EMSA and ChIP assays demonstrated increased HIF-1 binding to this site in hypoxic cells. Interestingly, the rate of endothelial cells undergoing apoptosis in cultures exposed to hypoxia increased in FBLN5 knockdown cells, suggesting that hypoxia-induced FBLN5 expression contributes to preserve cell survival. These results provide evidence that HIF-1 signaling underlies the increase of FBLN5 expression elicited by hypoxia in endothelial cells and suggest that FBLN5 induction could be involved in the adaptive survival response of endothelial cells to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guadall
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars, Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Jeong MS, Kang CS, Han YS, Bang IS. Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant fibulin-5 in a prokaryote expression system. J Microbiol 2010; 48:695-700. [PMID: 21046350 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibulin-5 is a widely expressed, integrin-binding extracellular matrix protein that mediates endothelial cell adhesion and scaffolds cells to elastic fibers. To investigate anti-angiogenesis activities and context-specific activities on responsive cells of recombinant fibulin-5 (rfibulin-5) expressed in Escherichia coli, the cDNA of fibulin-5 cloned from a human placenta cDNA library was inserted into the pET32a (+) vector to allow fibulin-5 expression as a Trx fusion protein. The fusion protein Trx-fibulin-5, expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies, was solubilized and its resulting expression level reached to 15% of the total cell protein. The Trxfibulin-5 was purified effectively by N(2+)-chelating chromatography and then identified by Western blotting analysis with an anti-His tag antibody. The purified Trx-fibulin-5 was refolded by dialysis against redox reagents, and the rfibulin-5 released from the fusion protein by enterokinase cleavage was purified using a RESOURCE RPC column. The final purified rfibulin-5 effectively inhibited angiogenesis in chicken embryos in a dose-dependent manner through a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Additionally, rfibulin-5 potently suppressed in vitro proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but stimulated that of human dermal fibroblasts. The expression and in vitro refolding of rfibulin-5 resulted in production of an active molecule with a yield of 2.1 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Seok Jeong
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea
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32
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Ohara H, Akatsuka S, Nagai H, Liu YT, Jiang L, Okazaki Y, Yamashita Y, Nakamura T, Toyokuni S. Stage-specific roles of fibulin-5 during oxidative stress-induced renal carcinogenesis in rats. Free Radic Res 2010; 45:211-20. [PMID: 20942562 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.523702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
By using a rat model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), this study performed genome-wide analysis to identify target genes during carcinogenesis. It screened for genes with decreased expression in RCCs, with simultaneous loss of heterozygosity, eventually to focus on the fibulin-5 (fbln5) gene. Oxidative damage via Fe-NTA markedly increased Fbln5 in the proximal tubules. RCCs presented lower levels of Fbln5. However, a fraction of RCCs presenting pulmonary metastasis revealed significantly higher levels of Fbln5 than those without metastasis, accompanied by immunopositivity of RCC cells and myofibroblast proliferation. Experiments revealed that RCC cell lines showed lower expression of fbln5 than its non-transformed counterpart NRK52E, but that fbln5 transfection to RCC cell lines changed neither proliferation nor migration/invasion. The data suggest that Fbln5 plays a role not only in the tissue repair and remodelling after renal tubular oxidative damage but also in RCC metastasis, presumably as a cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Zhou S, Xiao W, Wan Q, Yi C, Xiao F, Liu Y, Qi Y. Nogo-B mediates HeLa cell adhesion and motility through binding of Fibulin-5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:247-53. [PMID: 20599731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nogo-B is a known regulator of neural functions and plays an important role in cell adhesion and migration. To our knowledge, the molecular mechanism behind its regulation of cell motility is still unknown. Here, we identified Fibulin-5, a secreted extracellular matrix protein, as a binding partner of Nogo-B. Using HeLa cells as a model, we found that Nogo-B and Fibulin-5 co-localize in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Furthermore, in HeLa cells that overexpress Nogo-B, cell migration and invasion was promoted by the elevated secretion of Fibulin-5. Thus, identification of the Nogo-B binding protein Fibulin-5 may contribute to uncover the pathway in which Nogo-B regulates tumor cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Koulu M, Wight TN, Penttinen R. Extracellular matrix molecules: potential targets in pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 61:198-223. [PMID: 19549927 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of numerous macromolecules classified traditionally into collagens, elastin, and microfibrillar proteins, proteoglycans including hyaluronan, and noncollagenous glycoproteins. In addition to being necessary structural components, ECM molecules exhibit important functional roles in the control of key cellular events such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Any structural inherited or acquired defect and/or metabolic disturbance in the ECM may cause cellular and tissue alterations that can lead to the development or progression of disease. Consequently, ECM molecules are important targets for pharmacotherapy. Specific agents that prevent the excess accumulation of ECM molecules in the vascular system, liver, kidney, skin, and lung; alternatively, agents that inhibit the degradation of the ECM in degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis would be clinically beneficial. Unfortunately, until recently, the ECM in drug discovery has been largely ignored. However, several of today's drugs that act on various primary targets affect the ECM as a byproduct of the drugs' actions, and this activity may in part be beneficial to the drugs' disease-modifying properties. In the future, agents and compounds targeting directly the ECM will significantly advance the treatment of various human diseases, even those for which efficient therapies are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
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Schluterman MK, Chapman SL, Korpanty G, Ozumi K, Fukai T, Yanagisawa H, Brekken RA. Loss of fibulin-5 binding to beta1 integrins inhibits tumor growth by increasing the level of ROS. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:333-42. [PMID: 20197418 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.003707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor survival depends in part on the ability of tumor cells to transform the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) into an environment conducive to tumor progression. Matricellular proteins are secreted into the ECM and impact signaling pathways that are required for pro-tumorigenic activities such as angiogenesis. Fibulin-5 (Fbln5) is a matricellular protein that was recently shown to regulate angiogenesis; however, its effect on tumor angiogenesis and thus tumor growth is currently unknown. We report that the growth of pancreatic tumors and tumor angiogenesis is suppressed in Fbln5-null (Fbln5(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumors grown in Fbln5(-/-) animals. Increased ROS resulted in elevated DNA damage, increased apoptosis of endothelial cells within the tumor, and represented the underlying cause for the reduction in angiogenesis and tumor growth. In vitro, we identified a novel pathway by which Fbln5 controls ROS production through a mechanism that is dependent on beta1 integrins. These results were validated in Fbln5(RGE/RGE) mice, which harbor a point mutation in the integrin-binding RGD motif of Fbln5, preventing its interaction with integrins. Tumor growth and angiogenesis was reduced in Fbln5(RGE/RGE) mice, however treatment with an antioxidant rescued angiogenesis and elevated tumor growth to WT levels. These findings introduce a novel function for Fbln5 in the regulation of integrin-induced ROS production and establish a rationale for future studies to examine whether blocking Fbln5 function could be an effective anti-tumor strategy, alone or in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Schluterman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Aghajanova L, Horcajadas JA, Esteban FJ, Giudice LC. The bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cell: potential progenitor of the endometrial stromal fibroblast. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:1076-87. [PMID: 20147733 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.082867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular sources that contribute to the renewal of human endometrium are largely unknown. It has been suggested that endometrial stem cells originate from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with subsequent development into endometrial stromal fibroblasts (hESF). We hypothesized that if bone marrow-derived MSC contribute to endometrial regeneration and are progenitors of hESF, their treatment with agents known to regulate hESF differentiation could promote their differentiation down the stromal fibroblast lineage. To this end, we treated bone marrow-derived MSC with estradiol and progesterone, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and activators of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and investigated specific markers of hESF differentiation (decidualization). Furthermore, we investigated the transcriptome of these cells in response to cAMP and compared this to the transcriptome of hESF decidualized in response to activation of the PKA pathway. The data support the idea that MSC can be differentiated down the hESF pathway, as evidenced by changes in cell shape and common expression of decidual markers and other genes important in hESF differentiation and function, and that bone marrow-derived MSC may be a source of endometrial stem/progenitor cells. In addition, we identified MSC-specific markers that distinguish them from other fibroblasts and, in particular, from hESF, which is of biologic relevance and practical value to the field of endometrial stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Aghajanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0132, USA
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Yanagisawa H, Schluterman MK, Brekken RA. Fibulin-5, an integrin-binding matricellular protein: its function in development and disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2009; 3:337-47. [PMID: 19798595 PMCID: PMC2778585 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-009-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells are critical in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, physiological remodeling, and tumorigenesis. Matricellular proteins, a group of ECM components, mediate cell-ECM interactions. One such molecule, Fibulin-5 is a 66-kDa glycoprotein secreted by various cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Fibulin-5 contributes to the formation of elastic fibers by binding to structural components including tropoelastin and fibrillin-1, and to cross-linking enzymes, aiding elastic fiber assembly. Mice deficient in the fibulin-5 gene (Fbln5) exhibit systemic elastic fiber defects with manifestations of loose skin, tortuous aorta, emphysematous lung and genital prolapse. Although Fbln5 expression is down-regulated after birth, following the completion of elastic fiber formation, expression is reactivated upon tissue injury, affecting diverse cellular functions independent of its elastogenic function. Fibulin-5 contains an evolutionally conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif in the N-terminal region, which mediates binding to a subset of integrins, including alpha5beta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5. Fibulin-5 enhances substrate attachment of endothelial cells, while inhibiting migration and proliferation in a cell type- and context-dependent manner. The antagonistic function of fibulin-5 in angiogenesis has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo; fibulin-5 may block angiogenesis by inducing the anti-angiogenic molecule thrompospondin-1, by antagonizing VEGF(165)-mediated signaling, and/or by antagonizing fibronectin-mediated signaling through directly binding and blocking the alpha5beta1 fibronectin receptor. The overall effect of fibulin-5 on tumor growth depends on the balance between the inhibitory property of fibulin-5 on angiogenesis and the direct effect of fibulin-5 on proliferation and migration of tumor cells. However, the effect of tumor-derived versus host microenvironment-derived fibulin-5 remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148 USA
| | - Marie K. Schluterman
- Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8593 USA
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8593 USA
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Hu Z, Ai Q, Xu H, Ma X, Li HZ, Shi TP, Wang C, Gong DJ, Zhang X. Fibulin-5 is down-regulated in urothelial carcinoma of bladder and inhibits growth and invasion of human bladder cancer cell line 5637. Urol Oncol 2009; 29:430-5. [PMID: 19767220 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of fibulin-5 was investigated in urothelial carcinomas of bladder and in normal bladder samples. The effects of fibulin-5 on cell proliferation, motility, and invasion were further explored in bladder cancer cell line 5637. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of fibulin-5 in 20 bladder carcinoma samples and 7 normal bladder samples were detected by Western blot. Fibuin-5 cDNA was cloned into p-EGFP-N1 vector and transfected into bladder cancer cell line 5637. Growth curves were estimated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and cell number count. The migration and invasion of the transfected cells and the control cells were measured by Boyden chamber assay. RESULTS Compared with 1.16 ± 0.28 in the normal control, the mean ± SD expression of fibulin-5 in low grade tumors and high grade tumors were 0.57 ± 0.32 and 0.44 ± 0.42 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.018, respectively), while the expression in Ta-T1 tumors and T2+ tumors were 0.55 ± 0.31 and 0.49 ± 0.43 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015, respectively). The differences between low grade and high grade tumors or Ta-T1 and T2+ tumors were not statistically significant (P = 0.362 and P = 0.589, respectively). The growth rate of the fibulin-5 transfected GFP-F5 cells was remarkably reduced than that of the untransfected cells or the empty vector transfected GFP-t cells. Besides, compared with control cells, the GFP-F5 cells showed significant inhibition of cell invasion with slight inhibition of cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Fibulin-5 is down-regulated in urothelial carcinoma of bladder and acts as a tumor suppressor gene by inhibiting proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Yue W, Sun Q, Landreneau R, Wu C, Siegfried JM, Yu J, Zhang L. Fibulin-5 suppresses lung cancer invasion by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6339-46. [PMID: 19584278 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The high mortality rate of lung cancer is largely due to the spread of disease to other organs. However, the molecular changes driving lung cancer invasion and metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we identified fibulin-5, a vascular ligand for integrin receptors, as a suppressor of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Fibulin-5 was silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a majority of lung cancer cell lines and primary tumors. It inhibited lung cancer cell invasion and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), which promoted lung cancer cell invasion. Knockdown of fibulin-5 was sufficient to stimulate cell invasion and MMP-7 expression. The expression levels of fibulin-5 and MMP-7 were inversely correlated in lung tumors. Suppression of MMP-7 expression by fibulin-5 was mediated by an integrin-binding RGD motif via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of fibulin-5 in H460 lung cancer cells inhibited metastasis in mice. Collectively, these results suggest that epigenetic silencing of fibulin-5 promotes lung cancer invasion and metastasis by activating MMP-7 expression through the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yue
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biolog, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Koulu M, Wight TN, Penttinen R. Extracellular Matrix Molecules: Potential Targets in Pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001289 doi:dx.doi.org] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Lee YH, Albig AR, Regner M, Schiemann BJ, Schiemann WP. Fibulin-5 initiates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhances EMT induced by TGF-beta in mammary epithelial cells via a MMP-dependent mechanism. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:2243-51. [PMID: 18713838 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal physiological process that regulates tissue development, remodeling and repair; however, aberrant EMT also elicits disease development in humans, including lung fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer cell metastasis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a master regulator of EMT in normal mammary epithelial cells (MECs), wherein this pleiotropic cytokine also functions as a potent suppressor of mammary tumorigenesis. In contrast, malignant MECs typically evolve resistance to TGF-beta-mediated cytostasis and develop the ability to proliferate, invade and metastasize when stimulated by TGF-beta. It therefore stands to reason that establishing how TGF-beta promotes EMT may offer new insights into targeting the oncogenic activities of TGF-beta in human breast cancers. By monitoring alterations in the actin cytoskeleton and various markers of EMT, we show here that the TGF-beta gene target, fibulin-5 (FBLN5), initiates EMT and enhances that induced by TGF-beta. Whereas normal MECs contain few FBLN5 transcripts, those induced to undergo EMT by TGF-beta show significant upregulation of FBLN5 messenger RNA, suggesting that EMT and the dedifferentiation of MECs override the repression of FBLN5 expression in polarized MECs. We also show that FBLN5 stimulated matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity, leading to MEC invasion and EMT, to elevated Twist expression and to reduced E-cadherin expression. Finally, FBLN5 promoted anchorage-independent growth in normal and malignant MECs, as well as enhanced the growth of 4T1 tumors in mice. Taken together, these findings identify a novel EMT and tumor-promoting function for FBLN5 in developing and progressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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42
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Pos Z, Wiener Z, Pocza P, Racz M, Toth S, Darvas Z, Molnar V, Hegyesi H, Falus A. Histamine suppresses fibulin-5 and insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression in melanoma. Cancer Res 2008; 68:1997-2005. [PMID: 18339882 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that transgenic enhancement of histamine production in B16-F10 melanomas strongly supports tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, gene expression profiles of transgenic mouse melanomas, secreting different amounts of histamine, were compared by whole genome microarrays. Array results were validated by real-time PCR, and genes showing histamine-affected behavior were further analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Regulation of histamine-coupled genes was investigated by checking the presence and functional integrity of all four known histamine receptors in experimental melanomas and by administering histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and H2 receptor (H2R) antagonists to tumor-bearing mice. Finally, an attempt was made to integrate histamine-affected genes in known gene regulatory circuits by in silico pathway analysis. Our results show that histamine enhances melanoma growth via H1R rather than through H2R. We show that H1R activation suppresses RNA-level expression of the tumor suppressor insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) and the antiangiogenic matrix protein fibulin-5 (FBLN5), decreases their intracellular protein levels, and also reduces their availability in the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix, respectively. Pathway analysis suggests that because plasma membrane-bound IGF-IIR is required to activate matrix-bound, latent transforming growth factor-beta1, a factor suggested to sustain FBLN5 expression, the data can be integrated in a known antineoplastic regulatory pathway that is suppressed by H1R. On the other hand, we show that engagement of H2R also reduces intracellular protein pools of IGF-IIR and FBLN5, but being a downstream acting posttranslational effect with minimal consequences on exported IGF-IIR and FBLN5 protein levels, H2R is rather irrelevant compared with H1R in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Pos
- Department of Genetics, Cell, and Immunobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Xie L, Palmsten K, MacDonald B, Kieran MW, Potenta S, Vong S, Kalluri R. Basement membrane derived fibulin-1 and fibulin-5 function as angiogenesis inhibitors and suppress tumor growth. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:155-62. [PMID: 18222970 DOI: 10.3181/0706-rm-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibulins are a family of secreted glycoproteins that are characterized by repeated epidermal-growth-factor-like domains and a unique C-terminus structure. Fibulins modulate cell morphology, growth, adhesion, and motility. Our initial basement membrane degradome screen using Cathepsin D, a tumor microenvironment-associated protease, contained fragments of fibulin-1 and full length fibulin-5. In this report, we evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of fibulin-1 and fibulin-5. Tumor studies demonstrate that both fibulin-1 and fibulin-5 suppress HT1080 tumor growth. CD31 labeling and TUNEL assay further reveal that fibulin-1 suppression of HT1080 tumor growth is associated with diminished angiogenesis and also enhanced apoptosis of endothelial cells and tumor cells. In contrast, fibulin-5 inhibits tumor angiogenesis with a minimal anti-apoptotic affect. Cathepsin D digestion of fibulin-1 produces a fragment with nearly the same molecular weight as fibulin-5, and this fragment (named Neostatin) inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. Additionally, degradation of basement membrane by cathepsin D liberates both fibulin-1 fragments and fibulin-5, which function to inhibit angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Bruins W, Jonker MJ, Bruning O, Pennings JLA, Schaap MM, Hoogervorst EM, van Steeg H, Breit TM, de Vries A. Delayed expression of apoptotic and cell-cycle control genes in carcinogen-exposed bladders of mice lacking p53.S389 phosphorylation. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28:1814-23. [PMID: 17317680 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with non-phosphorylated serine 389 in p53 are susceptible for bladder tumors induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Since p53 is a transcription factor, this might well be preceded by differences in the regulation of gene expression. Microarray analysis was used to determine early transcriptional changes that might underlie this cancer-prone phenotype. Interestingly, lack of Ser389 phosphorylation led to endogenously different gene expression levels. The number of genes affected was, however, rather small. Conversely, after short-term exposure to 2-AAF, wild-type and p53.S389A bladders demonstrated a significant number of differentially expressed genes. Differences between wild-type and p53.S389A could mainly be attributed to a delayed, rather than complete absence of, transcriptional response of a group of genes, including well-known p53 target genes involved in apoptosis and cell-cycle control like Bax, Perp and P21. An analysis of differentially expressed genes in non-tumorigenic tissue and bladder tumors of p53.S389A after long-term exposure to 2-AAF revealed 319 genes. Comparison of these with those found after short-term exposure resulted in 23 transcripts. These possible marker genes might be useful for the early prediction of bladder tumor development. In conclusion, our data indicate that lack of Ser389 phosphorylation results in aberrant expression of genes needed to execute vital responses to DNA damage. Post-translational modifications, like Ser389 phosphorylation, seem crucial for fine-tuning the transcription of a specific set of genes and do not appear to give rise to major changes in transcription patterns. As such, Ser389 phosphorylation is needed for some, but certainly not all, p53 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Bruins
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics (TOX), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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