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Kumar S, Ali I, Abbas F, Rana A, Pandey S, Garg M, Kumar D. In-silico design, pharmacophore-based screening, and molecular docking studies reveal that benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as novel EGFR inhibitors targeting lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:9416-9438. [PMID: 37646177 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which has been associated with various molecular alterations, including the overexpression and mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, designed a library of 1843 benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids and carried out pharmacophore-based screening to identify potential EGFR inhibitors. The 164 compounds were further evaluated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to understand the binding interactions between the compounds and the receptor. In-si-lico ADME and toxicity studies were also conducted to assess the drug-likeness and safety of the identified compounds. The results of this study indicate that benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids BENZI-0660, BENZI-0125, BENZI-0279, BENZI-0415, BENZI-0437, and BENZI-1110 exhibit dock scores of -9.7, -9.6, -9.6, -9.6, -9.6, -9.6 while referencing molecule -7.9 kcal/mol for EGFR (PDB ID: 4HJO), respectively. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the identified compounds formed stable interactions with the active site of EGFR, indicating their potential as inhibitors. The in-silico ADME and toxicity studies showed that the compounds had favorable drug-likeness properties and low toxicity, further supporting their potential as therapeutic agents. Finally, performed DFT studies on the best-selected ligands to gain further insights into their electronic properties. The findings of this study provide important insights into the potential of benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as promising EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. This research opens up a new avenue for the discovery and development of potent and selective EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Iqra Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Abbas
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Anurag Rana
- Yogananda School of Artificial Intelligence, Computers, and Data Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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2
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Bigiotti C, Bianconi E, Ruta L, Grottelli S, Coletti A, Dindo M, Carotti A, Cellini B, Macchiarulo A. Molecular Dynamics-Ensemble Docking and Biophysical Studies for Structure-Based Identification of Non-Amino Acidic Ligands of DDAH-1. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:6866-6879. [PMID: 39177258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) accounts for the catabolism of the endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthases, namely, ADMA (Nω,Nω-dimethyl-l-arginine) and NMMA (Nω-monomethyl-l-arginine). Inhibition of DDAH-1 may prove a therapeutic benefit in diseases associated with elevated nitric oxide (NO) levels by providing a tissue-specific increase of ADMA and NMMA. In this work, we have used molecular dynamics to generate a pool of DDAH-1 conformations in the apo and holo forms. Ensemble docking has been instrumental in screening an in-house fragment-based library of 824 compounds. Resulting virtual hits have been validated for their binding activity to recombinant human DDAH-1 using microscale thermophoresis (MST). As a key result, three non-amino acidic ligands of DDAH-1 (VIS212, VIS268, VIS726) are identified with higher binding efficiency index than ADMA. Amid these compounds, purpurogallin (VIS726) proves a potent ligand of DDAH-1, showing a mixed behavior of enzymatic inhibition in a biochemical assay. This finding widens the panel of known molecular targets of purpurogallin and provides clues into the molecular mechanisms of its cellular NO inhibition activity as well as its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bigiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Ruta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirco Dindo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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3
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Lela L, Ponticelli M, Carlucci V, Stevens JF, Faraone I, Tzvetkov NT, Milella L. Insight into the Interaction of Humulus lupulus L. Specialized Metabolites and Gastrointestinal Bitter Taste Receptors: In Vitro Study in STC-1 Cells and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:2021-2033. [PMID: 39126694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors, also known as taste 2 receptors (T2R), are expressed throughout the body and are involved in regulating different physiological processes. T2R expression in the intestinal tract regulates orexigenic and anorexigenic peptide secretion, thus becoming potential a potential target for controlling food intake and the prevalence of obesity and overweight. The present study aims to investigate the implication of hop bitter compounds such as α-acids, β-acids, and xanthohumol in the secretion of anorexigenic hormones and T2R expression in intestinal STC-1 cells. The tested bitter compounds induced the secretion of the anorexigenic hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 and cholecystokinin concurrently with a selective increase of murine Tas2r expression. Xanthohumol and α-acids selectively increase Tas2r138 and Tas2r130-Tas2r138 expression, respectively, in STC-1 cells, while β-acids increased the expression of all bitter receptors studied, including Tas2r119, Tas2r105, Tas2r138, Tas2r120, and Tas2r130. Increased intracellular calcium levels confirmed this activity. As all investigated bitter molecules increased Tas2r138 expression, computational studies were performed on Tas2r138 and its human orthologue T2R38 for the first time. Molecular docking experiments showed that all molecules might be able to bind both bitter receptors, providing an excellent basis for applying hop bitter molecules as lead compounds to further design gastrointestinal-permeable T2R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Department of Biochemical Pharmacology & Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vittorio Carlucci
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 117 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Innovative Startup Farmis s.r.l., Via Nicola Vaccaro 40, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Department of Biochemical Pharmacology & Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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4
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Paciotti R, Re N, Storchi L. Combining the Fragment Molecular Orbital and GRID Approaches for the Prediction of Ligand-Metalloenzyme Binding Affinity: The Case Study of hCA II Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:3600. [PMID: 39125005 PMCID: PMC11313991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polarization and charge-transfer interactions play an important role in ligand-receptor complexes containing metals, and only quantum mechanics methods can adequately describe their contribution to the binding energy. In this work, we selected a set of benzenesulfonamide ligands of human Carbonic Anhydrase II (hCA II)-an important druggable target containing a Zn2+ ion in the active site-as a case study to predict the binding free energy in metalloprotein-ligand complexes and designed specialized computational methods that combine the ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method and GRID approach. To reproduce the experimental binding free energy in these systems, we adopted a machine-learning approach, here named formula generator (FG), considering different FMO energy terms, the hydrophobic interaction energy (computed by GRID) and logP. The main advantage of the FG approach is that it can find nonlinear relations between the energy terms used to predict the binding free energy, explicitly showing their mathematical relation. This work showed the effectiveness of the FG approach, and therefore, it might represent an important tool for the development of new scoring functions. Indeed, our scoring function showed a high correlation with the experimental binding free energy (R2 = 0.76-0.95, RMSE = 0.34-0.18), revealing a nonlinear relation between energy terms and highlighting the relevant role played by hydrophobic contacts. These results, along with the FMO characterization of ligand-receptor interactions, represent important information to support the design of new and potent hCA II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paciotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università “G. D’Annunzio” Di Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (N.R.); (L.S.)
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Hakami MA, Alotaibi BS, Hazazi A, Shafie A, Alsaiari AA, Ashour AA, Anjum F. Identification of potential inhibitors of tropomyosin receptor kinase B targeting CNS-related disorders and cancers. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2965-2975. [PMID: 37184150 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2212786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2), is a protein that belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). NTRK2 plays a crucial role in regulating the development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Elevated TrkB expression levels observed in different pathological conditions make it a potential target for therapeutic interventions against neurological disorders, including depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and certain types of cancer. Targeting TrkB using small molecule inhibitors is a promising strategy for the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. In this research, a systematic virtual screening was carried out on phytoconstituents found in the IMPPAT library to identify compounds potentially inhibiting TrkB. The retrieved compounds from the IMPPAT library were first filtered using Lipinski's rule of five. The compounds were then sorted based on their docking score and ligand efficiency. In addition, PAINS, ADMET, and PASS evaluations were carried out for selecting drug-like compounds. Finally, in interaction analysis, we found two phytoconstituents, Wedelolactone and 3,8-dihydroxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (DMCA), which possessed considerable docking scores and specificity on the TrkB ATP-binding pocket. The selected compounds were further assessed employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and essential dynamics. The results revealed that the elucidated compounds bind well with the TrkB binding pocket and lead to fewer conformations fluctuations. This study highlighted using phytoconstituents, Wedelolactone and DMCA as starting leads in developing novel TrkB inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Adnan Ashour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Montejo-López W, Sampieri-Cabrera R, Nicolás-Vázquez MI, Aceves-Hernández JM, Razo-Hernández RS. Analysing the effect caused by increasing the molecular volume in M1-AChR receptor agonists and antagonists: a structural and computational study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8615-8640. [PMID: 38495977 PMCID: PMC10938299 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07380g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-AChR), a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) family, plays a crucial role in learning and memory, making it an important drug target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. M1-AChR activation and deactivation have shown modifying effects in AD and PD preclinical models, respectively. However, understanding the pharmacology associated with M1-AChR activation or deactivation is complex, because of the low selectivity among muscarinic subtypes, hampering their therapeutic applications. In this regard, we constructed two quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, one for M1-AChR agonists (total and partial), and the other for the antagonists. The binding mode of 59 structurally different compounds, including agonists and antagonists with experimental binding affinity values (pKi), were analyzed employing computational molecular docking over different structures of M1-AChR. Furthermore, we considered the interaction energy (Einter), the number of rotatable bonds (NRB), and lipophilicity (ilogP) for the construction of the QSAR model for agonists (R2 = 89.64, QLMO2 = 78, and Qext2 = 79.1). For the QSAR model of antagonists (R2 = 88.44, QLMO2 = 82, and Qext2 = 78.1) we considered the Einter, the fraction of sp3 carbons fCsp3, and lipophilicity (MlogP). Our results suggest that the ligand volume is a determinant to establish its biological activity (agonist or antagonist), causing changes in binding energy, and determining the affinity for M1-AChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilber Montejo-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campo 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Avenida 1o de Mayo s/n, Colonia Santa María las Torres Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de Mexico 54740 Mexico
| | - Raúl Sampieri-Cabrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Ciencias de Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
| | - María Inés Nicolás-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Campo 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Avenida 1o de Mayo s/n, Colonia Santa María las Torres Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de Mexico 54740 Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Aceves-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria L14 (Alimentos, Micotoxinas, y Micotoxicosis), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de Mexico 54714 Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad 1001 Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico
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7
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Hussain R, Hackett AS, Álvarez-Carretero S, Tabernero L. VSpipe-GUI, an Interactive Graphical User Interface for Virtual Screening and Hit Selection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2002. [PMID: 38396680 PMCID: PMC10889202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening of large chemical libraries is essential to support computer-aided drug development, providing a rapid and low-cost approach for further experimental validation. However, existing computational packages are often for specialised users or platform limited. Previously, we developed VSpipe, an open-source semi-automated pipeline for structure-based virtual screening. We have now improved and expanded the initial command-line version into an interactive graphical user interface: VSpipe-GUI, a cross-platform open-source Python toolkit functional in various operating systems (e.g., Linux distributions, Windows, and Mac OS X). The new implementation is more user-friendly and accessible, and considerably faster than the previous version when AutoDock Vina is used for docking. Importantly, we have introduced a new compound selection module (i.e., spatial filtering) that allows filtering of docked compounds based on specified features at the target binding site. We have tested the new VSpipe-GUI on the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 (HCV NS3) protease as the target protein. The pocket-based and interaction-based modes of the spatial filtering module showed efficient and specific selection of ligands from the virtual screening that interact with the HCV NS3 catalytic serine 139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Hussain
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (R.H.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Andrew Scott Hackett
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (R.H.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Sandra Álvarez-Carretero
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (R.H.); (A.S.H.)
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Maeba T, Hirata K, Kotoku M, Seki N, Maeda K, Hirashima S, Yamanaka H, Sakai T, Obika S, Hori A, Hara Y, Noji S, Suwa Y, Yokota M, Fujioka S, Yamaguchi T, Katsuda Y, Hata T, Miyagawa N, Arita K, Nomura Y, Taniguchi T, Asahina K, Aratsu Y, Naka Y, Adachi T, Nomura A, Akai S, Oshida SI, Pai S, Crowe P, Bradley E, Steensma R, Tao H, Fenn M, Babine R, Li X, Thacher S, Soeta T, Ukaji Y, Shiozaki M. Discovery and SAR of JTE-151: A Novel RORγ Inhibitor for Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2024; 67:952-970. [PMID: 38170624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A number of RORγ inhibitors have been reported over the past decade. There were also several examples advancing to human clinical trials, however, none of them has reached the market yet, suggesting that there could be common obstacles for their future development. As was expected from the general homology of nuclear receptor ligands, insufficient selectivity as well as poor physicochemical properties were identified as potential risks for a RORγ program. Based on such considerations, we conducted a SAR investigation by prioritizing drug-like properties to mitigate such potential drawbacks. After an intensive SAR exploration with strong emphasis on "drug-likeness" indices, an orally available RORγ inhibitor, JTE-151, was finally generated and was advanced to a human clinical trial. The compound was confirmed to possess highly selective profiles along with good metabolic stability, and most beneficially, no serious adverse events (SAE) and good PK profiles were observed in the human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Maeba
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kotoku
- Akros Pharma Inc., Boston Office, One Broadway, 14th Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Noriyoshi Seki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maeda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hirashima
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamanaka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Obika
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akimi Hori
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hara
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoru Noji
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suwa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokota
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujioka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Katsuda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyagawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kojo Arita
- Pharmaceutical Division, Japan Tobacco Inc., 3-4-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0023, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Toshio Taniguchi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Kota Asahina
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aratsu
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yuichi Naka
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shota Akai
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Oshida
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Yokohama Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sudhakar Pai
- Akros Pharma Inc., 302 Carnegie Center, Suite 300, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Paul Crowe
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erin Bradley
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ruo Steensma
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Morgan Fenn
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert Babine
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott Thacher
- Orphagen Pharmaceuticals, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 4, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Takahiro Soeta
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiozaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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9
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Bianconi E, Gidari A, Souma M, Sabbatini S, Grifagni D, Bigiotti C, Schiaroli E, Comez L, Paciaroni A, Cantini F, Francisci D, Macchiarulo A. The hope and hype of ellagic acid and urolithins as ligands of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 and inhibitors of viral replication. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2251721. [PMID: 37638806 PMCID: PMC10464554 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2251721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein 5 (Nsp5) is a cysteine protease that plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 replication, suppressing host protein synthesis and promoting immune evasion. The investigation of natural products as a potential strategy for Nsp5 inhibition is gaining attention as a means of developing antiviral agents. In this work, we have investigated the physicochemical properties and structure-activity relationships of ellagic acid and its gut metabolites, urolithins A-D, as ligands of Nsp5. Results allow us to identify urolithin D as promising ligand of Nsp5, with a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range of potency. Although urolithin D is able to bind to the catalytic cleft of Nsp5, the appraisal of its viral replication inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 assay highlights a lack of activity. While these results are discussed in the framework of the available literature reporting conflicting data on polyphenol antiviral activity, they provide new clues for natural products as potential viral protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Gidari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Souma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuele Sabbatini
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Deborah Grifagni
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bigiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Schiaroli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Comez
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-IOM, National Research Council-CNR, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cantini
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Alrouji M, Benjamin LS, Alhumaydhi FA, Al Abdulmonem W, Baeesa SS, Rehan M, Shahwan M, Shamsi A, Akhtar A. Unlocking potential inhibitors for Bruton's tyrosine kinase through in-silico drug repurposing strategies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17684. [PMID: 37848584 PMCID: PMC10582150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor protein kinase that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune system function and cancer development. Therefore, inhibition of BTK has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for various complex diseases. In this study, we aimed to identify potential inhibitors of BTK by using a drug repurposing approach. To identify potential inhibitors, we performed a molecular docking-based virtual screening using a library of repurposed drugs from DrugBank. We then used various filtrations followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, principal component analysis (PCA), and Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) analysis to further evaluate the binding interactions and stability of the top-ranking compounds. Molecular docking-based virtual screening approach identified several repurposed drugs as potential BTK inhibitors, including Eltrombopag and Alectinib, which have already been approved for human use. All-atom MD simulations provided insights into the binding interactions and stability of the identified compounds, which will be helpful for further experimental validation and optimization. Overall, our study demonstrates that drug repurposing is a promising approach to identify potential inhibitors of BTK and highlights the importance of computational methods in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, 11961, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lizy Sonia Benjamin
- College of Nursing, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 52571, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Salem Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE.
| | - Atiya Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger St., 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Espinosa-Saez R, Robledo SM, Pineda T, Murillo J, Zúñiga C, Yañez O, Cantero-López P, Saez-Vega A, Guzmán-Teran C. Screening of the antileishmanial and antiplasmodial potential of synthetic 2-arylquinoline analogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17523. [PMID: 37845281 PMCID: PMC10579228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, six analogs of 2-arylquinoline were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal activity. At a later stage, hemolytic activity and druggability were tested in vitro and in silico, respectively, observing as a result: firstly, compounds showed half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values between 3.6 and 19.3 µM. Likewise, a treatment using the compounds 4a-f caused improvement in most of the treated hamsters and cured some of them. Regarding the antiplasmodial activity, the compounds showed moderate to high activity, although they did not show hemolytic activity. Furthermore, 4e and 4f compounds were not able to control P. berghei infection when administered to animal models. Molecular dynamic simulations, molecular docking and ligand binding affinity indicate good characteristics of the studied compounds, which are expected to be active. And lastly, the compounds are absorbable at the hematoencephalic barrier but not in the gastrointestinal tract. In summary, ADMET properties suggest that these molecules may be used as a safe treatment against Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Espinosa-Saez
- Grupo de Investigación, Evaluación y Desarrollo de Fármacos y Afines-IDEFARMA, Departamento de Regencia y Farmacia, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Sara M Robledo
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Pineda
- Corporación de Innovación Para el Desarrollo de Productos, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Javier Murillo
- Corporación de Innovación Para el Desarrollo de Productos, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - César Zúñiga
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Plinio Cantero-López
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Center of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Relativistic Molecular Physics Group (ReMoPh), PhD Program in Molecular Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Saez-Vega
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas e Ingenierías, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Camilo Guzmán-Teran
- Grupo de Investigación, Evaluación y Desarrollo de Fármacos y Afines-IDEFARMA, Departamento de Regencia y Farmacia, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia.
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12
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Benites J, Valderrama JA, Contreras Á, Enríquez C, Pino-Rios R, Yáñez O, Buc Calderon P. Discovery of New 2-Phenylamino-3-acyl-1,4-naphthoquinones as Inhibitors of Cancer Cells Proliferation: Searching for Intra-Cellular Targets Playing a Role in Cancer Cells Survival. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114323. [PMID: 37298798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylamino-3-acyl-1,4-naphtoquinones were evaluated regarding their in vitro antiproliferative activities using DU-145, MCF-7 and T24 cancer cells. Such activities were discussed in terms of molecular descriptors such as half-wave potentials, hydrophobicity and molar refractivity. Compounds 4 and 11 displayed the highest antiproliferative activity against the three cancer cells and were therefore further investigated. The in silico prediction of drug likeness, using pkCSM and SwissADME explorer online, shows that compound 11 is a suitable lead molecule to be developed. Moreover, the expressions of key genes were studied in DU-145 cancer cells. They include genes involved in apoptosis (Bcl-2), tumor metabolism regulation (mTOR), redox homeostasis (GSR), cell cycle regulation (CDC25A), cell cycle progression (TP53), epigenetic (HDAC4), cell-cell communication (CCN2) and inflammatory pathways (TNF). Compound 11 displays an interesting profile because among these genes, mTOR was significantly less expressed as compared to control conditions. Molecular docking shows that compound 11 has good affinity with mTOR, unraveling a potential inhibitory effect on this protein. Due to the key role of mTOR on tumor metabolism, we suggest that impaired DU-145 cells proliferation by compound 11 is caused by a reduced mTOR expression (less mTOR protein) and inhibitory activity on mTOR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Benites
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Jaime A Valderrama
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Álvaro Contreras
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Cinthya Enríquez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Núcleo de Investigación en Data Science, Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 73 Avenue E. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Saramago LC, Santana MV, Gomes BF, Dantas RF, Senger MR, Oliveira Borges PH, Ferreira VNDS, dos Santos Rosa A, Tucci AR, Dias Miranda M, Lukacik P, Strain-Damerell C, Owen CD, Walsh MA, Ferreira SB, Silva-Junior FP. AI-Driven Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Fragment-like Inhibitors with Antiviral Activity In Vitro. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2866-2880. [PMID: 37058135 PMCID: PMC10124747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and is responsible for the current global pandemic. The viral genome contains 5 major open reading frames of which the largest ORF1ab codes for two polyproteins, pp1ab and pp1a, which are subsequently cleaved into 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp) by two viral cysteine proteases encoded within the polyproteins. The main protease (Mpro, nsp5) cleaves the majority of the nsp's, making it essential for viral replication and has been successfully targeted for the development of antivirals. The first oral Mpro inhibitor, nirmatrelvir, was approved for treatment of COVID-19 in late December 2021 in combination with ritonavir as Paxlovid. Increasing the arsenal of antivirals and development of protease inhibitors and other antivirals with a varied mode of action remains a priority to reduce the likelihood for resistance emerging. Here, we report results from an artificial intelligence-driven approach followed by in vitro validation, allowing the identification of five fragment-like Mpro inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 241 μM. The three most potent molecules (compounds 818, 737, and 183) were tested against SARS-CoV-2 by in vitro replication in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. Compound 818 was active in both cell models with an EC50 value comparable to its measured IC50 value. On the other hand, compounds 737 and 183 were only active in Calu-3, a preclinical model of respiratory cells, showing selective indexes twice as high as those for compound 818. We also show that our in silico methodology was successful in identifying both reversible and covalent inhibitors. For instance, compound 818 is a reversible chloromethylamide analogue of 8-methyl-γ-carboline, while compound 737 is an N-pyridyl-isatin that covalently inhibits Mpro. Given the small molecular weights of these fragments, their high binding efficiency in vitro and efficacy in blocking viral replication, these compounds represent good starting points for the development of potent lead molecules targeting the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos Saramago
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. Santana
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Figueira Gomes
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Dantas
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario R. Senger
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Oliveira Borges
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
- LaSOPB-Laboratório de Síntese
Orgânica e Prospecção Biológica, Instituto de Química,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian Neuza dos Santos Ferreira
- LMMV-Laboratório de Morfologia e
Morfogênese Viral (LMMV), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alice dos Santos Rosa
- LMMV-Laboratório de Morfologia e
Morfogênese Viral (LMMV), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Resende Tucci
- LMMV-Laboratório de Morfologia e
Morfogênese Viral (LMMV), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milene Dias Miranda
- LMMV-Laboratório de Morfologia e
Morfogênese Viral (LMMV), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Petra Lukacik
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and
Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, U.K.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, OX11 0FA Didcot,
U.K.
| | - Claire Strain-Damerell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and
Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, U.K.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, OX11 0FA Didcot,
U.K.
| | - C. David Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and
Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, U.K.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, OX11 0FA Didcot,
U.K.
| | - Martin Austin Walsh
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and
Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, U.K.
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, OX11 0FA Didcot,
U.K.
| | - Sabrina Baptista Ferreira
- LaSOPB-Laboratório de Síntese
Orgânica e Prospecção Biológica, Instituto de Química,
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Floriano Paes Silva-Junior
- LaBECFar-Laboratório de Bioquímica
Experimental e Computacional de Fármacos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Jiang X, Huang B, Rumrill S, Pople D, Zalloum WA, Kang D, Zhao F, Ji X, Gao Z, Hu L, Wang Z, Xie M, De Clercq E, Ruiz FX, Arnold E, Pannecouque C, Liu X, Zhan P. Discovery of diarylpyrimidine derivatives bearing piperazine sulfonyl as potent HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Commun Chem 2023; 6:83. [PMID: 37120482 PMCID: PMC10148624 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is one of the most attractive targets for the treatment of AIDS. However, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains and unsatisfactory drug-like properties seriously limit the clinical application of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Here we show that a series of piperazine sulfonyl-bearing diarylpyrimidine-based NNRTIs were designed to improve the potency against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant strains by enhancing backbone-binding interactions. Among them, compound 18b1 demonstrates single-digit nanomolar potency against the wild-type and five mutant HIV-1 strains, which is significantly better than the approved drug etravirine. The co-crystal structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulation studies were conducted to explain the broad-spectrum inhibitory activity of 18b1 against reverse transcriptase variants. Besides, compound 18b1 demonstrates improved water solubility, cytochrome P450 liability, and other pharmacokinetic properties compared to the currently approved diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) NNRTIs. Therefore, we consider compound 18b1 a potential lead compound worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shawn Rumrill
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David Pople
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Waleed A Zalloum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, American University of Madaba, P.O Box 2882, Amman, 11821, Jordan
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lide Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minghui Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesc X Ruiz
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Eddy Arnold
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Aarhus TI, Eickhoff J, Klebl B, Unger A, Boros J, Choidas A, Zischinsky ML, Wolowczyk C, Bjørkøy G, Sundby E, Hoff BH. A highly selective purine-based inhibitor of CSF1R potently inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115344. [PMID: 37141705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) plays an important role in the regulation of many inflammatory processes, and overexpression of the kinase is implicated in several disease states. Identifying selective, small-molecule inhibitors of CSF1R may be a crucial step toward treating these disorders. Through modelling, synthesis, and a systematic structure-activity relationship study, we have identified a number of potent and highly selective purine-based inhibitors of CSF1R. The optimized 6,8-disubstituted antagonist, compound 9, has enzymatic IC50 of 0.2 nM, and displays a strong affinity toward the autoinhibited form of CSF1R, contrasting that of other previously reported inhibitors. As a result of its binding mode, the inhibitor shows excellent selectivity (Selectivity score: 0.06), evidenced by profiling towards a panel of 468 kinases. In cell-based assays, this inhibitor shows dose-dependent blockade of CSF1-mediated downstream signalling in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (IC50 = 106 nM) as well as disruption of osteoclast differentiation at nanomolar levels. In vivo experiments, however, indicate that improve metabolic stability is needed in order to further progress this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ihle Aarhus
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anke Unger
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joanna Boros
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Choidas
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mia-Lisa Zischinsky
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH (LDC), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Camilla Wolowczyk
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundby
- Department of Material Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bård Helge Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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16
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Prasetyo WE, Kusumaningsih T, Triadmojo B, Anggraini SD, Marliyana SD, Firdaus M. Investigation of the dual role of acyl phloroglucinols as a new hope for antibacterial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents employing integrated in vitro and multi-phase in silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15067-15084. [PMID: 36927239 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2186712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and more infectious or aggressive variants of SARS-CoV-2, it is critical to develop drugs that can quickly adapt to evolving bacterial and viral mutations. In this study, encouraged by nature, we synthesized a series of phloroglucinol (PG) derivatives, acyl phloroglucinols (ACPLs) 2a-4c by mimicking the structure of the natural antifungal 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol 3a (2,4-DAPG). According to the quantum chemical calculation, these compounds were expected to be exceptionally favourable for intermolecular interaction with protein receptors. Intriguingly, the in vitro study of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, showed that the four ACPLs 3a-4a had good antibacterial activity and selectivity against gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus. These results were then supported by in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) between these potent compounds and the S. aureus FtsA protein (PDB ID: 3WQU). Furthermore, with the aid of the knowledge base Virus-CKB along with the molecular docking study, it was found that the three ACPLs 4a-4c showed potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro (PDB ID: 7CMD). Additionally, 100 ns of MDs was carried out in order to assess the stability behaviour of ACPLs at the docked site. Moreover, in silico ADME/T and drug likeness of all studied ACPLs were also predicted. Finally, shape-based screening of FDA-approved drugs was performed using the most prominent synthesized ACPLs as a template, enabling us to include several medications that could be utilized as antibacterial and antiviral drug candidates.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Eko Prasetyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Triana Kusumaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bram Triadmojo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septin Dwi Anggraini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soerya Dewi Marliyana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maulidan Firdaus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
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17
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Bianconi E, Riccio A, Ruta L, Bigiotti C, Carotti A, Moretti S, Cerra B, Gioiello A, Ferlin S, Puxeddu E, Macchiarulo A. Turning a Tumor Microenvironment Pitfall into Opportunity: Discovery of Benzamidoxime as PD-L1 Ligand with pH-Dependent Potency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065535. [PMID: 36982608 PMCID: PMC10054428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 protein complex is attracting a great deal of interest as a drug target for the design of immune therapies able to block its assembly. Although some biologic drugs have entered clinical use, their poor response rate in patients are demanding further efforts to design small molecule inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 complex with higher efficacy and optimal physicochemical properties. Dysregulation of pH in the tumor microenvironment is indeed one of the key mechanisms promoting drug resistance and lack of response in cancer therapy. Integrating computational and biophysical approaches, herein we report a screening campaign that has led to identifying VIS310 as a novel ligand of PD-L1, with physicochemical properties enabling a pH-dependent binding potency. Additional optimization efforts by analogue-based screening have been instrumental to disclosing VIS1201, which exhibits improved binding potency against PD-L1 and is able to inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 complex formation in a ligand binding displacement assay. While providing preliminary structure–activity relationships (SARs) of a novel class of PD-L1 ligands, our results lay the foundation for the discovery of immunoregulatory small molecules resilient to tumor microenvironmental conditions for escaping drug-resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Riccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luana Ruta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Bigiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Ferlin
- Sterling S.p.A., Via della Carboneria n.30, 06073 Corciano, Italy
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le L. Severi, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-5855131
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18
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Yañez O, Osorio MI, Osorio E, Tiznado W, Ruíz L, García C, Nagles O, Simirgiotis MJ, Castañeta G, Areche C, García-Beltrán O. Antioxidant activity and enzymatic of lichen substances: A study based on cyclic voltammetry and theoretical. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110357. [PMID: 36693444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of nine lichen substances, including methylatrarate (1), methyl haematommate (2), lobaric acid (3), fumarprotocetraric acid (4), sphaerophorin (5), subsphaeric acid (6), diffractaic acid (7), barbatolic acid (8) and salazinic acid (9) has been determined through cyclic voltammetry. The compounds 1-4 presented slopes close to the Nernst constant of 0.059 V, indicating a 2H+/2e- relation between protons and electrons, as long as the compounds 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 present slopes between 0.037 V and 0.032 V, indicating a 1H+/2e- relation between protons and electrons. These results show a high free radical scavenging activity by means of the release of H+, suggesting an important antioxidant capacity of these molecules. Theoretical calculations of hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE), proton affinities (PA), and Proton Transfer (PT) mechanisms, at M06-2x/6-311+G(d,p) level complement the experimental results. Computations support that the best antioxidant activity is obtained for the molecules (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), that have a carboxylic acid group close to a phenolic hydroxyl group, through hydrogen atomic transfer (HAT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms. Additional computations were performed for modelling binding affinity of the lichen substances with CYPs enzymes, mainly CYP1A2, CYP51, and CYP2C9*2 isoforms, showing strong affinity for all the compounds described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Yañez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, 7500000, Chile; Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Manuel I Osorio
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago, 8370146, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 141, Santiago, 837007, Chile
| | - Edison Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, 730002, Colombia
| | - William Tiznado
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 275, Piso 3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Ruíz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo García
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega, 02950, Campus San Juan Pablo II, Temuco, Chile
| | - Orlando Nagles
- Facultad de Química e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Grover Castañeta
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, 730002, Colombia; Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago, 8370854, Chile.
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19
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Henrique Santana Silveira P, Pita SSDR. Druggable sites identification in Streptococcus mutans VicRK system evaluated by catechols. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12000-12015. [PMID: 36703608 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2166118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a global public health problem, being the most common non-communicable disease. Streptococcus mutans, the causative agent of human cariogenic dental biofilms, produce glycosyltransferases (Gtfs) whose gene expression is modulated by the VicRK system, which makes them a promising target for dental biofilm inhibitor developments. Bioinformatics have playing a significant role in drug discovery programs mainly in novel hit identification. In this study, potential inhibitors against the S. mutans VicK system have been identified through Structure-based Virtual Screening performed between the VicK druggable sites followed byMolecular Dynamic simulations (MD) with binding affinity analysis by MM-PBSA approach. First, VicK protein was downloaded from PDB, and druggability analyses were performed by PockDrug and FTMap servers describing three interaction sites (S1, S2, and S3) that covered the most important domains for stability and activity. Next, a catechol virtual screening (n = 383) was performed on AutoDock4.2, and better-docked catechols showed strong binding affinity interaction through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π-stacking with VicK auto kinase and phosphatase activity sites. Ligand efficiency indexes were also calculated (LE, LELP, LLE, and BEI) and showed optimal values. Furthermore, a 200 ns MD simulation run showed stability (RMSD and RMSF) and a high number of hydrogen bonds into peltatoside and maritimein, the two best VicK complexes. These results supported that catechols could potentially inhibit exopolysaccharides synthesis and be used in the biofilm management of new anti-cariogenic and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Santana Silveira
- Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA - IMS/CAT), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Samuel Silva da Rocha Pita
- Laboratory of Bioinformatic and Molecular Modelling (LaBiMM), Pharmacy College, Ondina Campus, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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20
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Kratky M, Sramel P, Bodo P, Prnova MS, Kovacikova L, Majekova M, Vinsova J, Stefek M. Novel rhodanine based inhibitors of aldose reductase of non-acidic nature with p-hydroxybenzylidene functional group. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114922. [PMID: 36455357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase, the first enzyme of the polyol pathway represents a key drug target in therapy of diabetic complications. In this study a series of six novel rhodanine based inhibitors of aldose reductase was designed, synthesized, and tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase and for selectivity relative to structurally related aldehyde reductase. Aldose reductase inhibitory activities of the compounds were characterized by the IC50 values ranging from 2000 nM to 20 nM. The values of selectivity factors relative to aldehyde reductase were decreasing in the same array from 24 to 5. In silico docking into the inhibitor binding site of aldose reductase revealed a specific binding pattern of the compounds comprising interaction of the deprotonated 4-hydroxybenzylidene group with the anion-binding sub-pocket of aldose reductase, creating a strong H-bond and charge interactions. Predicted pH-distribution profiles of the novel compounds into octanol, supported by experimentally determined distribution ratios, favour drug uptake at the physiological pH, as a result of the presence of the low-acidic phenolic group, instead of the more acidic carboxymethyl functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kratky
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho, 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sramel
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Bodo
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ilkovicova 6, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kovacikova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Majekova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jarmila Vinsova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho, 1203, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Stefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, SAS, Dubravska Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Sabat M, Raveglia LF, Aldegheri L, Barilli A, Bianchi F, Brault L, Brodbeck D, Feriani A, Lingard I, Miura J, Myers R, Piccoli L, Tassini S, Tyhonas J, Ton-Nu T, Wang H, Virginio C. The discovery of (1R, 3R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile, a potent and selective agonist of human transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily m member 5 (TRPM5) and evaluation of as a potential gastrointestinal prokinetic agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 76:117084. [PMID: 36402081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This publication details the discovery of a series of selective transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) agonists culminating with the identification of the lead compound (1R, 3R)-1-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (39). We describe herein our biological rationale for agonism of the target, the examination of the then current literature tool molecules, and finally the process of our discovery starting with a high throughput screening hit through lead development. We also detail the selectivity of the lead compound 39 versus related family members TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPM4 and TRPM8, the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) profile and in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sabat
- Turning Point Therapeutics, 10628 Science Center Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - L F Raveglia
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - L Aldegheri
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - A Barilli
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
| | - F Bianchi
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - L Brault
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - D Brodbeck
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - A Feriani
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - I Lingard
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - J Miura
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - R Myers
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - L Piccoli
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - S Tassini
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - J Tyhonas
- Kinnate Biopharma Inc, 3611 Valley Centre Drive, Suite 175, San Diego, CA 92130, United States
| | - T Ton-Nu
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - H Wang
- Takeda California, 9625 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - C Virginio
- Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
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22
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Paciotti R, Coletti C, Marrone A, Re N. The FMO2 analysis of the ligand-receptor binding energy: the Biscarbene-Gold(I)/DNA G-Quadruplex case study. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:851-866. [PMID: 36318393 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method was applied to calculate and analyze the binding energy of two biscarbene-Au(I) derivatives, [Au(9-methylcaffein-8-ylidene)2]+ and [Au(1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene)2]+, to the DNA G-Quadruplex structure. The FMO2 binding energy considers the ligand-receptor complex as well as the isolated forms of energy-minimum state of ligand and receptor, providing a better description of ligand-receptor affinity compared with simple pair interaction energies (PIE). Our results highlight important features of the binding process of biscarbene-Au(I) derivatives to DNA G-Quadruplex, indicating that the total deformation-polarization energy and desolvation penalty of the ligands are the main terms destabilizing the binding. The pair interaction energy decomposition analysis (PIEDA) between ligand and nucleobases suggest that the main interaction terms are electrostatic and charge-transfer energies supporting the hypothesis that Au(I) ion can be involved in π-cation interactions further stabilizing the ligand-receptor complex. Moreover, the presence of polar groups on the carbene ring, as C = O, can improve the charge-transfer interaction with K+ ion. These findings can be employed to design new powerful biscarbene-Au(I) DNA-G quadruplex binders as promising anticancer drugs. The procedure described in this work can be applied to investigate any ligand-receptor system and is particularly useful when the binding process is strongly characterized by polarization, charge-transfer and dispersion interactions, properly evaluated by ab initio methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paciotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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23
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Fatma I, Sharma V, Ahmad Malik N, Assad H, Cantero-López P, Sánchez J, López-Rendón R, Yañez O, Chand Thakur R, Kumar A. Influence of HSA on micellization of NLSS and BC: An experimental-theoretical approach of its binding characteristics. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Portilla-Martínez A, Ortiz-Flores M, Hidalgo I, Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Meaney E, Ceballos G, Nájera N. In silico evaluation of flavonoids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main nonstructural proteins (Nsps)—amentoflavone as a multitarget candidate. J Mol Model 2022; 28:404. [PMCID: PMC9707096 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Portilla-Martínez
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología Y Salud Pública, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Natural Compounds as Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of Zika Virus Polymerase through Integration of In Silico and In Vitro Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121493. [PMID: 36558945 PMCID: PMC9788182 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the past epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) resulted in severe neurological consequences for infected infants and adults, there are still no approved drugs to treat ZIKV infection. In this study, we applied computational approaches to screen an in-house database of 77 natural and semi-synthetic compounds against ZIKV NS5 RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (NS5 RdRp), an essential protein for viral RNA elongation during the replication process. For this purpose, we integrated computational approaches such as binding-site conservation, chemical space analysis and molecular docking. As a result, we prioritized nine virtual hits for experimental evaluation. Enzymatic assays confirmed that pedalitin and quercetin inhibited ZIKV NS5 RdRp with IC50 values of 4.1 and 0.5 µM, respectively. Moreover, pedalitin also displayed antiviral activity on ZIKV infection with an EC50 of 19.28 µM cell-based assays, with low toxicity in Vero cells (CC50 = 83.66 µM) and selectivity index of 4.34. These results demonstrate the potential of the natural compounds pedalitin and quercetin as candidates for structural optimization studies towards the discovery of new anti-ZIKV drug candidates.
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Madrigal-Angulo JL, Ménez-Guerrero C, Estrada-Soto S, Ramírez-Espinosa JJ, Almanza-Pérez JC, León-Rivera I, Hernández-Núñez E, Aguirre-Vidal Y, Flores-León CD, Aguayo-Ortíz R, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Synthesis, in vitro, in silico and in vivo hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects of 4-benzyloxy-5-benzylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones mediated by dual PPAR α/γ modulation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 70:128804. [PMID: 35598791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In current work, we prepared a series of nine 4-benzyloxy-5-benzylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-diones using a two-step pathway. Compounds 1-9 were tested in vitro using a set of three proteins recognized as important targets in diabetes and related diseases: PPARα, PPARγ, and GLUT-4. Compounds 1-3, 5, and 7 showed significant increases in the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4, whereas compounds 1-3 did it over PPARα. Compounds 1-3 were identified as a dual PPAR α/γ modulators and were selected for evaluating the in vivo antidiabetic action at 100 mg/kg dose, being orally actives and decreasing blood glucose concentration in a hyperglycemic mice model, as well as reducing the triacylglycerides levels in normolipidemic rats. Docking and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to clarify the dual effect and binding mode of compounds 1-3 on both PPARs. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited robust in vitro and in vivo efficacy and could be considered dual PPAR modulators with antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Ménez-Guerrero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan José Ramírez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, 32310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340 México City, Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, IPN, Unidad Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
| | - Yoshajandith Aguirre-Vidal
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Cluster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, INECOL, Xalapa, 91073 Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carlos D Flores-León
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortíz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico.
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Search for Novel Potent Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Enzyme: A Computational Biochemistry Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080986. [PMID: 36015134 PMCID: PMC9414997 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence and spread of new variants of coronavirus type 2, as well as the emergence of zoonotic viruses, highlights the need for methodologies that contribute to the search for new pharmacological treatments. In the present work, we searched for new SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors in the PubChem database, which has more than 100 million compounds. Based on the ligand efficacy index obtained by molecular docking, 500 compounds with higher affinity than another experimentally tested inhibitor were selected. Finally, the seven compounds with ADME parameters within the acceptable range for such a drug were selected. Next, molecular dynamics simulation studies at 200 ns, ΔG calculations using molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface solvation, and quantum mechanical calculations were performed with the selected compounds. Using this in silico protocol, seven papain-like protease inhibitors are proposed: three compounds with similar free energy (D28, D04, and D59) and three compounds with higher binding free energy (D60, D99, and D06) than the experimentally tested inhibitor, plus one compound (D24) that could bind to the ubiquitin-binding region and reduce the effect on the host immune system. The proposed compounds could be used in in vitro assays, and the described protocol could be used for smart drug design.
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Minchán-Herrera P, Ybañez-Julca RO, Quispe-Díaz IM, Venegas-Casanova EA, Jara-Aguilar R, Salas F, Zevallos-Escobar L, Yáñez O, Pino-Rios R, Calderon PB, Benites J. Valeriana pilosa Roots Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies on Enzymes Involved in Redox Biological Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071337. [PMID: 35883828 PMCID: PMC9311991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Valeriana pilosa is usually employed in Peruvian folk medicine in the form of infusion to treat stomach pain, and has antispasmodic, relaxing, sleep-promoting, and sedative properties, as well as is an anti-inflammatory. In this study, Valeriana pilosa essential oil (VPEO) was obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC and GC/MS, and 47 compounds were identified. Major oil components were α-patchoulene (5.8%), α-humulene (6.1%), seychellene (7.6%), and patchoulol (20.8%). Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro antioxidant activities, molecular docking, and Ligand Efficiency studies on enzymes involved in cellular redox pathways such as CYP2C9, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and xanthine oxidase. Essential oil antioxidant activities were assessed by FRAP, ABTS•+, and DPPH• radical scavenging activity. VPEO displays high antioxidant activity as compared to essential oils of Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis oil roots. In addition, molecular docking and ADMET prediction was employed to compare the absorption, metabolism, and toxicity properties of Valeriana pilosa compounds. In the molecular docking studies, limonene, p-cimene, carvone, α-cubebene, cyclosativene, α-guaiene, allo-aromadendrene, valencene, and eremophyllene were the compounds with the best docking score on CYP2C9 and xanthine oxidase. Thus, volatile components of Valeriana pilosa could be associated with the detected antioxidant activity, acting as putative inhibitors of CYP2C9 and xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Minchán-Herrera
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (P.M.-H.); (I.M.Q.-D.); (E.A.V.-C.); (R.J.-A.)
| | - Roberto O. Ybañez-Julca
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (P.M.-H.); (I.M.Q.-D.); (E.A.V.-C.); (R.J.-A.)
- Correspondence: (R.O.Y.-J.); (J.B.); Tel.: +51-0449-7634-5993 (R.O.Y.-J.); +56-57-2252-6275 (J.B.)
| | - Ivan M. Quispe-Díaz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (P.M.-H.); (I.M.Q.-D.); (E.A.V.-C.); (R.J.-A.)
| | - Edmundo A. Venegas-Casanova
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (P.M.-H.); (I.M.Q.-D.); (E.A.V.-C.); (R.J.-A.)
| | - Rafael Jara-Aguilar
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (P.M.-H.); (I.M.Q.-D.); (E.A.V.-C.); (R.J.-A.)
| | - Felipe Salas
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (F.S.); (P.B.C.)
| | - Liz Zevallos-Escobar
- Escuela de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote 02801, Peru;
| | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (F.S.); (P.B.C.)
- Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 73 Avenue E. Mounier, GTOX 7309, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julio Benites
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (P.M.-H.); (I.M.Q.-D.); (E.A.V.-C.); (R.J.-A.)
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile; (F.S.); (P.B.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.O.Y.-J.); (J.B.); Tel.: +51-0449-7634-5993 (R.O.Y.-J.); +56-57-2252-6275 (J.B.)
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Neuroprotective effects of dimethyl fumarate against depression-like behaviors via astrocytes and microglia modulation in mice: possible involvement of the HCAR2/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1029-1045. [PMID: 35665831 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We postulated that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exerts neuroprotective effects against depression-like behaviors through astrocytes and microglia modulation. To ascertain our hypothesis and define the mechanistic pathways involved in effect of DMF on neuroinflammation, we used the depression model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), in which, the mice were exposed to stressful events for 28 days and from the 14th day they received DMF in the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg or fluoxetine 10 mg/kg or saline. On the 29th day, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests. Microglia (Iba1) and astrocyte (GFAP) marker expressions were evaluated by immunofluorescence analyzes and the cytokines TNF-α and IL-Iβ by immunoenzymatic assay. In addition, computational target prediction, 3D protein structure prediction, and docking calculations were performed with monomethyl fumarate (DMF active metabolite) and the Keap1 and HCAR2 proteins, which suggested that these could be the probable targets related protective effects. CUMS induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, cognitive deficit, decreased GFAP, and increased Iba1, TNF-α, and IL-Iβ expression in the hippocampus. These alterations were reversed by DMF. Thus, it is suggested that one of the mechanisms involved in the antidepressant effect of DMF is neuroinflammatory suppression, through the signaling pathway HCAR2/Nrf2. However, more studies must be performed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of this drug.
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Sakyi PO, Broni E, Amewu RK, Miller WA, Wilson MD, Kwofie SK. Homology Modeling, de Novo Design of Ligands, and Molecular Docking Identify Potential Inhibitors of Leishmania donovani 24-Sterol Methyltransferase. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:859981. [PMID: 35719359 PMCID: PMC9201040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.859981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic challenges pertaining to leishmaniasis due to reported chemoresistance and toxicity necessitate the need to explore novel pathways to identify plausible inhibitory molecules. Leishmania donovani 24-sterol methyltransferase (LdSMT) is vital for the synthesis of ergosterols, the main constituents of Leishmania cellular membranes. So far, mammals have not been shown to possess SMT or ergosterols, making the pathway a prime candidate for drug discovery. The structural model of LdSMT was elucidated using homology modeling to identify potential novel 24-SMT inhibitors via virtual screening, scaffold hopping, and de-novo fragment-based design. Altogether, six potential novel inhibitors were identified with binding energies ranging from −7.0 to −8.4 kcal/mol with e-LEA3D using 22,26-azasterol and S1–S4 obtained from scaffold hopping via the ChEMBL, DrugBank, PubChem, ChemSpider, and ZINC15 databases. These ligands showed comparable binding energy to 22,26-azasterol (−7.6 kcal/mol), the main inhibitor of LdSMT. Moreover, all the compounds had plausible ligand efficiency-dependent lipophilicity (LELP) scores above 3. The binding mechanism identified Tyr92 to be critical for binding, and this was corroborated via molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations. The ligand A1 was predicted to possess antileishmanial properties with a probability of activity (Pa) of 0.362 and a probability of inactivity (Pi) of 0.066, while A5 and A6 possessed dermatological properties with Pa values of 0.205 and 0.249 and Pi values of 0.162 and 0.120, respectively. Structural similarity search via DrugBank identified vabicaserin, daledalin, zanapezil, imipramine, and cefradine with antileishmanial properties suggesting that the de-novo compounds could be explored as potential antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Sakyi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard K. Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Samuel Kojo Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- *Correspondence: Samuel Kojo Kwofie,
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Design, Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Activity of 4-Amino-5-methyl-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylates against MFC-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103314. [PMID: 35630793 PMCID: PMC9148072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylates substituted at the second position were prepared by cyclocondensation of 2-amino-3-cyano-thiophene and aryl nitriles in an acidic medium. The design of the target compounds was based on structural optimization. The derivatives thus obtained were tested in vitro against human and mouse cell lines. The examination of the compound effects on BLAB 3T3 and MFC-10A cells showed that they are safe, making them suitable for subsequent experiments to establish their antitumor activity. The photoirritancy factor of the compounds was calculated. Using the MTT test, the antiproliferative activity to MCF-10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was estimated. The best antiproliferative effect in respect to the MCF-7 cell line revealed compound 2 with IC50 4.3 ± 0.11 µg/mL (0.013 µM). The highest selective index with respect to MCF-7 cells was shown by compound 3 (SI = 19.3), and to MDA-MB-231 cells by compound 2 (SI = 3.7). Based on energy analysis, the most stable conformers were selected and optimized by means of density functional theory (DFT). Ligand efficiency, ligand lipophilicity efficiency and the physicochemical parameters of the target 4-amino-thienopyrimidines were determined. The data obtained indicated that the lead compound among the tested substances is compound 2.
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van der Kolk MR, Janssen MACH, Rutjes FPJT, Blanco‐Ania D. Cyclobutanes in Small-Molecule Drug Candidates. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200020. [PMID: 35263505 PMCID: PMC9314592 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclobutanes are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry in the search for relevant biological properties. Important characteristics of the cyclobutane ring include its unique puckered structure, longer C-C bond lengths, increased C-C π-character and relative chemical inertness for a highly strained carbocycle. This review will focus on contributions of cyclobutane rings in drug candidates to arrive at favorable properties. Cyclobutanes have been employed for improving multiple factors such as preventing cis/trans-isomerization by replacing alkenes, replacing larger cyclic systems, increasing metabolic stability, directing key pharmacophore groups, inducing conformational restriction, reducing planarity, as aryl isostere and filling hydrophobic pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnix R. van der Kolk
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356526 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Mathilde A. C. H. Janssen
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356526 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356526 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Daniel Blanco‐Ania
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356526 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Mammoli A, Bianconi E, Ruta L, Riccio A, Bigiotti C, Souma M, Carotti A, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Pallotta MT, Grohmann U, Camaioni E, Macchiarulo A. Critical Assessment of a Structure-Based Screening Campaign for IDO1 Inhibitors: Tips and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073981. [PMID: 35409342 PMCID: PMC8999677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has attracted wide interest as a key player in immune regulation, fostering the design and development of small molecule inhibitors to restore immune response in tumor immunity. In this framework, biochemical, structural, and pharmacological studies have unveiled peculiar structural plasticity of IDO1, with different conformations and functional states that are coupled to fine regulation of its catalytic activity and non-enzymic functions. The large plasticity of IDO1 may affect its ligand recognition process, generating bias in structure-based drug design campaigns. In this work, we report a screening campaign of a fragment library of compounds, grounding on the use of three distinct conformations of IDO1 that recapitulate its structural plasticity to some extent. Results are instrumental to discuss tips and pitfalls that, due to the large plasticity of the enzyme, may influence the identification of novel and differentiated chemical scaffolds of IDO1 ligands in structure-based screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mammoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Luana Ruta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessandra Riccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlo Bigiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Souma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(075)-585-5131
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Ogidigo JO, Iwuchukwu EA, Ibeji CU, Okpalefe O, Soliman MES. Natural phyto, compounds as possible noncovalent inhibitors against SARS-CoV2 protease: computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:2284-2301. [PMID: 33103616 PMCID: PMC7596894 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1837681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is no cure or vaccine for the devastating new highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has affected people globally. Herein, we identified potent phytocompounds from two antiviral plants Momordica charantia L. and Azadirachta indica used locally for the treatment of viral and parasitic infections. Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation have been employed to study their inhibitory potential against the main protease (Mpro) SARS-CoV-2. A total of 86 compounds from M. charantia L. and A. indica were identified. The top six phytocompounds; momordicine, deacetylnimninene, margolonone, momordiciode F2, nimbandiol, 17-hydroxyazadiradione were examined and when compared with three FDA reference drugs (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine and ribavirin). The top six ranked compounds and FDA drugs were then subjected to MD simulation and pharmacokinetic studies. These phytocompounds showed strong and stable interactions with the active site amino acid residues of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro similar to the reference compound. Results obtained from this study showed that momordicine and momordiciode F2 exhibited good inhibition potential (best MMGBA-binding energies; -41.1 and -43.4 kcal/mol) against the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 when compared with FDA reference anti-viral drugs (Ribavirin, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine). Per-residue analysis, root mean square deviation and solvent-accessible surface area revealed that compounds interacted with key amino acid residues at the active site of the enzyme and showed good system stability. The results obtained in this study show that these phytocompounds could emerge as promising therapeutic inhibitors for the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. However, urgent trials should be conducted to validate this outcome.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo
- Bio-resources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A. Iwuchukwu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Collins U. Ibeji
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Okiemute Okpalefe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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de Lima Menezes G, Vogel Saivish M, Lacerda Nogueira M, Alves da Silva R. Virtual screening of small natural compounds against NS1 protein of DENV, YFV and ZIKV. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2981-2991. [PMID: 35188085 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2042390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diseases caused by viruses of the genus Flavivirus are among the main diseases that affect the world and they are a serious public health problem. Three of them stand out: Dengue, Yellow fever and Zika viruses. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1), encoded by this viral genus, in its dimeric form, plays important roles in the pathogenesis and RNA replication of these viruses. Therefore, the identification of chemicals with the potential to inhibit the formation of the NS1 protein dimer of DENV, YFV and ZIKV would enable them to act as a multi-target drug. For this, we selected conformations of the NS1 protein monomer with similar β-roll domain structure among the three virus species from conformations obtained from molecular dynamics simulations performed in GROMACS in 5 replicates of 150 ns for each species. After selecting the protein structures, a virtual screening of compounds from the natural products catalog of the ZINC database was performed using AutoDock Vina. The 100 best compounds were classified according efficiency criteria. Two compounds were observed in common to the species, with energy scores ranging from -9.2 kcal/mol to -10.1 kcal/mol. The results obtained here demonstrate the high similarity of NS1 proteins in the Flavivirus genus and high affinity for the same compounds; thus justifying the potential of these small molecules act in multitarget therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marielena Vogel Saivish
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Synthesis, Antileishmanial Activity and Molecular Docking Study of New 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones/Thiones. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Holtschulte C, Börgel F, Westphälinger S, Schepmann D, Civenni G, Laurini E, Marson D, Catapano CV, Pricl S, Wünsch B. Synthesis of aminoethyl substituted piperidine derivatives as σ1 receptor ligands with antiproliferative properties. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100735. [PMID: 35077612 PMCID: PMC9303367 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel σ1 receptor ligands with a 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperidine scaffold was prepared and biologically evaluated. The underlying concept of our project was the improvement of the lipophilic ligand efficiency of previously synthesized potent σ1 ligands. The key steps of the synthesis comprise the conjugate addition of phenylboronic acid at dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones 7, homologation of the ketones 8 and introduction of diverse amino moieties and piperidine N‐substituents. 1‐Methylpiperidines showed particular high σ1 receptor affinity and selectivity over the σ2 subtype, whilst piperidines with a proton, a tosyl moiety or an ethyl moiety exhibited considerably lower σ1 affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations with per‐residue binding free energy deconvolution demonstrated that different interactions of the basic piperidine‐N‐atom and its substituents (or the cyclohexane ring) with the lipophilic binding pocket consisting of Leu105, Thr181, Leu182, Ala185, Leu186, Thr202 and Tyr206 are responsible for the different σ1 receptor affinities. Recorded logD7.4 and calculated clogP values of 4a and 18a indicate low lipophilicity and thus high lipophilic ligand efficiency. Piperidine 4a inhibited the growth of human non‐small cell lung cancer cells A427 to a similar extent as the σ1 antagonist haloperidol. 1‐Methylpiperidines 20a, 21a and 22a showed stronger antiproliferative effects on androgen negative human prostate cancer cells DU145 than the σ1 ligands NE100 and S1RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Holtschulte
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Stefanie Westphälinger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Gianluca Civenni
- Institute of Oncology ResearchUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)Via Vincenzo Vela 66500BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEAUniversity of Trieste34127TriesteItaly
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEAUniversity of Trieste34127TriesteItaly
| | - Carlo V. Catapano
- Institute of Oncology ResearchUniversità della Svizzera Italiana (USI)Via Vincenzo Vela 66500BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEAUniversity of Trieste34127TriesteItaly
- Department of General BiophysicsFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Lodz90-237LodzPoland
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
- Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion)Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
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Kaushik AC, Sahi S, Wei DQ. Computational Methods for Structure-Based Drug Design Through System Biology. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2385:161-174. [PMID: 34888721 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1767-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advances in computational chemistry and biology, computer science, structural biology, and molecular biology go in parallel with the rapid progress in target-based systems. This technique has become a powerful tool in medicinal chemistry for the identification of hit molecules. The recent developments in target-based systems have played a major role in the creation of libraries of compounds, and it has also been widely applied for the design of molecular docking methods. The main advantage of this method is that it hits the fragment that has the strongest binding, has relatively small size, and leads to better compounds in terms of pharmacokinetic properties when compared with virtual screening (VS) and high-throughput screening (HTS) hits. De novo design is an essential aspect of target-based systems and requires the synthesis of chemical to allow the design of promising compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakti Sahi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Reutershan MH, Machacek MR, Altman MD, Bogen S, Cai M, Cammarano C, Chen D, Christopher M, Cryan J, Daublain P, Fradera X, Geda P, Goldenblatt P, Hill AD, Kemper RA, Kutilek V, Li C, Martinez M, McCoy M, Nair L, Pan W, Thompson CF, Scapin G, Shizuka M, Spatz ML, Steinhuebel D, Sun B, Voss ME, Wang X, Yang L, Yeh TC, Dussault I, Marshall CG, Trotter BW. Discovery of MK-4688: an Efficient Inhibitor of the HDM2-p53 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16213-16241. [PMID: 34714078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of low-dose, low-molecular-weight, drug-like inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a challenging area of research. Despite the challenges, the therapeutic potential of PPI inhibition has driven significant efforts toward this goal. Adding to recent success in this area, we describe herein our efforts to optimize a novel purine carboxylic acid-derived inhibitor of the HDM2-p53 PPI into a series of low-projected dose inhibitors with overall favorable pharmacokinetic and physical properties. Ultimately, a strategy focused on leveraging known binding hot spots coupled with biostructural information to guide the design of conformationally constrained analogs and a focus on efficiency metrics led to the discovery of MK-4688 (compound 56), a highly potent, selective, and low-molecular-weight inhibitor suitable for clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Reutershan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle R Machacek
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael D Altman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Stephane Bogen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07032, United States
| | - Mingmei Cai
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Carolyn Cammarano
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Matthew Christopher
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John Cryan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Pierre Daublain
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xavier Fradera
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Prasanthi Geda
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter Goldenblatt
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Armetta D Hill
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Raymond A Kemper
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Victoria Kutilek
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chaomin Li
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle Martinez
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mark McCoy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07032, United States
| | - Latha Nair
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07032, United States
| | - Weidong Pan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07032, United States
| | | | - Giovanna Scapin
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07032, United States
| | - Manami Shizuka
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Marianne L Spatz
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dietrich Steinhuebel
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Binyuan Sun
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Matthew E Voss
- Albany Molecular Research Inc., 61 Science Park Road, Singapore (West) 117525, Singapore
| | - Xiao Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Liping Yang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tammie C Yeh
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Isabelle Dussault
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - C Gary Marshall
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - B Wesley Trotter
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mediation by the Disruptive Activity of Environmental Toxicants on Sex Hormone Receptors: In Silico Evaluation. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100255. [PMID: 34678951 PMCID: PMC8538912 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the disruptive activity of environmental toxicants on sex hormone receptors mediating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Toxicokinetics, gene target prediction, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and gene network analysis were applied in silico techniques. From the results, permethrin, perfluorooctanoic acid, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, O-phenylphenol, bisphenol A, and diethylstilbestrol were the active toxic compounds that could modulate androgen (AR) and estrogen-α and -β receptors (ER) to induce T2DM. Early growth response 1 (EGR1), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), and tumour protein 63 (TP63) were the major transcription factors, while mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) were the major kinases upregulated by these toxicants via interactions with intermediary proteins such as PTEN, AKT1, NfKβ1, SMAD3 and others in the gene network analysis to mediate T2DM. These toxicants pose a major challenge to public health; hence, monitoring their manufacture, use, and disposal should be enforced. This would ensure reduced interaction between people and these toxic chemicals, thereby reducing the incidence and prevalence of T2DM.
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41
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Recognition of distinct chemical molecules as inhibitors for KIT receptor mutants D816H/Y/V: A simulation approach. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Elkamhawy A, Kim HJ, Elsherbeny MH, Paik S, Park JH, Gotina L, Abdellattif MH, Gouda NA, Cho J, Lee K, Nim Pae A, Park KD, Roh EJ. Discovery of 3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide: A highly potent, selective, and competitive hMAO-B inhibitor with high BBB permeability profile and neuroprotective action. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105352. [PMID: 34562673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since there is no disease-modifying treatment discovered yet for Parkinson's disease (PD), there is still a vital need to develop novel selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors as promising therapeutically active candidates for PD patients. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and full characterization of new twenty-six indole derivatives as potential human MAO-B (hMAO-B) selective inhibitors. Six compounds (2i, 3b-e, and 5) exhibited low micromolar to nanomolar inhibitory activities over hMAO-B; compared to our recently reported N-substituted indole-based lead compound VIII (hMAO-B IC50 = 777 nM), compound 5 (3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide) exhibited 18-fold increase in potency (IC50 = 42 nM). A selectivity study over hMAO-A revealed an excellent selectivity index of compound 5 (SI > 2375) with a 47-fold increase compared to rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50). A further kinetic evaluation of compound 5 over hMAO-B showed a reversible and competitive mode of inhibition with Ki value of 7 nM. Highly effective permeability and high CNS bioavailability of compound 5 with Pe = 54.49 × 10-6 cm/s were demonstrated. Compound 5 also exhibited a low cytotoxicity profile and a promising neuroprotective effect against the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell damage in PC12 cells, which was more effective than that of rasagiline. Docking simulations on both hMAO-B and hMAO-A supported the in vitro data and served as further molecular evidence. Accordingly, we report the discovery of compound 5 as one of the most potent indole-based MAO-B inhibitors to date which is noteworthy to be further evaluated as a promising agent for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed H Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Huang B, Ginex T, Luque FJ, Jiang X, Gao P, Zhang J, Kang D, Daelemans D, De Clercq E, Pannecouque C, Zhan P, Liu X. Structure-Based Design and Discovery of Pyridyl-Bearing Fused Bicyclic HIV-1 Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Characterization, and Molecular Modeling Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13604-13621. [PMID: 34496571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two series of new pyridyl-bearing fused bicyclic analogues designed to target the dual-tolerant regions of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-binding pocket were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV activities. Several compounds, such as 6, 14, 15, 21, 30, and 33, were found to be potent inhibitors against the wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain or multiple NNRTI-resistant strains at low nanomolar levels. Detailed structure-activity relationships were obtained by utilizing the variation of moieties within the corresponding pharmacophores. In vitro metabolic stability profiles and some drug-like properties of selected compounds were assessed, furnishing the preliminary structure-metabolic stability relationships. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies elucidated the binding modes of compounds 6, 15, 21, and 30 in the binding pocket of WT, E138K, K103N, or Y181C HIV-1 RTs. These promising compounds can be used as lead compounds and warrant further structural optimization to yield more active HIV-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Torribera, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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Yañez O, Osorio MI, Areche C, Vasquez-Espinal A, Bravo J, Sandoval-Aldana A, Pérez-Donoso JM, González-Nilo F, Matos MJ, Osorio E, García-Beltrán O, Tiznado W. Theobroma cacao L. compounds: Theoretical study and molecular modeling as inhibitors of main SARS-CoV-2 protease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111764. [PMID: 34051617 PMCID: PMC8141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa beans contain antioxidant molecules with the potential to inhibit type 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19). In particular, protease. Therefore, using in silico tests, 30 molecules obtained from cocoa were evaluated. Using molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations, the chemical properties and binding efficiency of each ligand was evaluated, which allowed the selection of 5 compounds of this series. The ability of amentoflavone, isorhoifolin, nicotiflorin, naringin and rutin to bind to the main viral protease was studied by means of free energy calculations and structural analysis performed from molecular dynamics simulations of the enzyme/inhibitor complex. Isorhoifolin and rutin stand out, presenting a more negative binding ΔG than the reference inhibitor N-[(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]alanyl-l-valyl-N~1~-((1R,2Z)-4-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1-{[(3R)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}but-2-enyl)-L-leucinamide (N3). These results are consistent with high affinities of these molecules for the major SARS-CoV-2. The results presented in this paper are a solid starting point for future in vitro and in vivo experiments aiming to validate these molecules and /or test similar substances as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile; Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Isaías Osorio
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 141, Santiago 837007, Chile; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vasquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Bravo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Diego Portales, Ejército 141, Santiago 837007, Chile
| | - Angélica Sandoval-Aldana
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigación en Fruticultura Tropical, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730006, Colombia
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Maria João Matos
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Edison Osorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia; Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), General Gana 1702, Santiago, Chile, 8370854.
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile.
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Haroon HB, Perumalsamy V, Nair G, Anand DK, Kolli R, Monichen J, Prabha K. Repression of Polyol Pathway Activity by Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens R.Br. Linn Root Extract, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: An In Silico and Ex Vivo Study. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:315-324. [PMID: 33284412 PMCID: PMC8141070 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of diabetic cataract is mainly associated with the accumulation of sorbitol via the polyol pathway through the action of Aldose reductase (AR). Hence, AR inhibitors are considered as potential agents in the management of diabetic cataract. This study explored the AR inhibition potential of Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens root extract by in silico and ex vivo methods. Molecular docking studies (Auto Dock tool) between β-sitosterol, hemidesminine, hemidesmin-1, hemidesmin-2, and AR showed that β-sitosterol (- 10.2 kcal/mol) and hemidesmin-2 (- 8.07 kcal/mol) had the strongest affinity to AR enzyme. Ex vivo studies were performed by incubating isolated goat lenses in artificial aqueous humor using galactose (55 mM) as cataract inducing agent at room temperature (pH 7.8) for 72 h. After treatment with Vitamin E acetate - 100 µg/mL (standard) and test extract (500 and 1000 µg/mL) separately, the estimation of biochemical markers showed inhibition of lens AR activity and decreased sorbitol levels. Additionally, extract also normalized the levels of antioxidant markers like SOD, CAT, GSH. Our results showed evidence that H. indicus var. pubescens root was able to prevent cataract by prevention of opacification and formation of polyols that underlines its potential as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajira Banu Haroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India.
| | - Vijaybhanu Perumalsamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Gouri Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Dhanusha Koppal Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Rajitha Kolli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Joel Monichen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Kanchan Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
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46
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Miwa S, Yokota M, Ueyama Y, Maeda K, Ogoshi Y, Seki N, Ogawa N, Nishihata J, Nomura A, Adachi T, Kitao Y, Nozawa K, Ishikawa T, Ukaji Y, Shiozaki M. Discovery of Selective Transforming Growth Factor β Type II Receptor Inhibitors as Antifibrosis Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:745-751. [PMID: 34055221 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, modulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling has been deemed a rational strategy to treat many disorders, though few successful examples have been reported to date. This difficulty could be partially attributed to the challenges of achieving good specificity over many closely related enzymes that are implicated in distinct phenotypes in organ development and in tissue homeostasis. Recently, fresolimumab and disitertide, two peptidic TGF-β blockers, demonstrated significant therapeutic effects toward human skin fibrosis. Therefore, the selective blockage of TGF-β signaling assures a viable treatment option for fibrotic skin disorders such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). In this report, we disclose selective TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βRII) inhibitors that exhibited high functional selectivity in cell-based assays. The representative compound 29 attenuated collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) expression in a mouse fibrosis model, which suggests that selective inhibition of TGF-βRII-dependent signaling could be a new treatment for fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Miwa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yokota
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueyama
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maeda
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ogoshi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Seki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihata
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitao
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nozawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishikawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiozaki
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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Barilli A, Aldegheri L, Bianchi F, Brault L, Brodbeck D, Castelletti L, Feriani A, Lingard I, Myers R, Nola S, Piccoli L, Pompilio D, Raveglia LF, Salvagno C, Tassini S, Virginio C, Sabat M. From High-Throughput Screening to Target Validation: Benzo[ d]isothiazoles as Potent and Selective Agonists of Human Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 5 Possessing In Vivo Gastrointestinal Prokinetic Activity in Rodents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5931-5955. [PMID: 33890770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) is a nonselective monovalent cation channel activated by intracellular Ca2+ increase. Within the gastrointestinal system, TRPM5 is expressed in the stoma, small intestine, and colon. In the search for a selective agonist of TRPM5 possessing in vivo gastrointestinal prokinetic activity, a high-throughput screening was performed and compound 1 was identified as a promising hit. Hit validation and hit to lead activities led to the discovery of a series of benzo[d]isothiazole derivatives. Among these, compounds 61 and 64 showed nanomolar activity and excellent selectivity (>100-fold) versus related cation channels. The in vivo drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic profile of compound 64 was found to be ideal for a compound acting locally at the intestinal level, with minimal absorption into systemic circulation. Compound 64 was tested in vivo in a mouse motility assay at 100 mg/kg, and demonstrated increased prokinetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Barilli
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Laura Aldegheri
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Laurent Brault
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Daniela Brodbeck
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Laura Castelletti
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Aldo Feriani
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Iain Lingard
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Richard Myers
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Selena Nola
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Laura Piccoli
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Daniela Pompilio
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Luca F Raveglia
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Cristian Salvagno
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tassini
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Caterina Virginio
- Aptuit, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, Verona 37135, Italy
| | - Mark Sabat
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Moya-Alvarado G, Yañez O, Morales N, González-González A, Areche C, Núñez MT, Fierro A, García-Beltrán O. Coumarin-Chalcone Hybrids as Inhibitors of MAO-B: Biological Activity and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092430. [PMID: 33921982 PMCID: PMC8122463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen coumarin-derived compounds modified at the C3 carbon of coumarin with an α,β-unsaturated ketone were synthesized. These compounds may be designated as chalcocoumarins (3-cinnamoyl-2H-chromen-2-ones). Both chalcones and coumarins are recognized scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, showing diverse biological and pharmacological properties among which neuroprotective activities and multiple enzyme inhibition, including mitochondrial enzyme systems, stand out. The evaluation of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors has aroused considerable interest as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. Of the fourteen chalcocumarins evaluated here against MAO-B, ChC4 showed the strongest activity in vitro, with IC50 = 0.76 ± 0.08 µM. Computational docking, molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA studies, confirm that ChC4 binds very stably to the active rMAO-B site, explaining the experimental inhibition data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago 8330015, Chile;
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Nicole Morales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Angélica González-González
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Areche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Nuñoa, Santiago 7800024, Chile;
| | - Marco Tulio Núñez
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800024, Chile;
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 6094411, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (O.G.-B.)
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (O.G.-B.)
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49
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Makley LN, Johnson OT, Ghanakota P, Rauch JN, Osborn D, Wu TS, Cierpicki T, Carlson HA, Gestwicki JE. Chemical validation of a druggable site on Hsp27/HSPB1 using in silico solvent mapping and biophysical methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 34:115990. [PMID: 33549906 PMCID: PMC7968374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Destabilizing mutations in small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are linked to multiple diseases; however, sHsps are conformationally dynamic, lack enzymatic function and have no endogenous chemical ligands. These factors render sHsps as classically "undruggable" targets and make it particularly challenging to identify molecules that might bind and stabilize them. To explore potential solutions, we designed a multi-pronged screening workflow involving a combination of computational and biophysical ligand-discovery platforms. Using the core domain of the sHsp family member Hsp27/HSPB1 (Hsp27c) as a target, we applied mixed solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) to predict three possible binding sites, which we confirmed using NMR-based solvent mapping. Using this knowledge, we then used NMR spectroscopy to carry out a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) screen, ultimately identifying two fragments that bind to one of these sites. A medicinal chemistry effort improved the affinity of one fragment by ~50-fold (16 µM), while maintaining good ligand efficiency (~0.32 kcal/mol/non-hydrogen atom). Finally, we found that binding to this site partially restored the stability of disease-associated Hsp27 variants, in a redox-dependent manner. Together, these experiments suggest a new and unexpected binding site on Hsp27, which might be exploited to build chemical probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah N Makley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Oleta T Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Phani Ghanakota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Delaney Osborn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Taia S Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Heather A Carlson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
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50
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Abad-Zapatero C. Ligand efficiency indices for effective drug discovery: a unifying vector formulation. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:763-775. [PMID: 33522838 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1884065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The area of ligand efficiency indices (LEIs) in drug discovery has developed significantly since the initial publications nearly 20 years ago. A large number of different LEIs have been defined and applied with certain degrees of success and acceptance in the community. An overall view emphasizing more the common elements than the differences is needed. AREAS COVERED In this review, the author accentuates the numerical and algebraic relationships among the different LEIs and proposes the notion of 'ligand efficiency index' (LEI) as a vector variable comprising two interrelated components that provide 'direction' and 'distance' along the drug discovery process. The same concept had been suggested before relating to the graphical representation of the content of Structure-Activity Databases (SAR-Databases). EXPERT OPINION The extension of the concept of ligand efficiency from a scalar to a vector will help to unify the different formulations by emphasizing the relationship among the different variables. It should also provide an algebraically robust framework to critically assess the value of LEIs, and to incorporate them routinely in various workflows and protocols. Only cautious and rigorous testing by the community could provide a definitive proof of their possible value as reliable optimization variables in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celerino Abad-Zapatero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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