1
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Zhang XF, Li YD, Li Y, Li Y, Xu D, Bi LL, Xu HB. Ventral subiculum promotes wakefulness through several pathways in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1468-1480. [PMID: 38734818 PMCID: PMC11251017 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The ventral subiculum (vSUB), the major output structure of the hippocampal formation, regulates motivation, stress integration, and anxiety-like behaviors that rely on heightened arousal. However, the roles and underlying neural circuits of the vSUB in wakefulness are poorly known. Using in vivo fiber photometry and multichannel electrophysiological recordings in mice, we found that the vSUB glutamatergic neurons exhibited high activities during wakefulness. Moreover, activation of vSUB glutamatergic neurons caused an increase in wakefulness and anxiety-like behaviors and induced a rapid transition from sleep to wakefulness. In addition, optogenetic stimulation of vSUB glutamatergic terminals and retrograde-targeted chemogenetic activation of vSUB glutamatergic neurons revealed that vSUB promoted arousal by innervating the lateral hypothalamus (LH), nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Nevertheless, local microinjection of dopamine D1 or D2/D3 receptor antagonist blocked the wake-promoting effect induced by chemogenetic activation of vSUB pathways. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of vSUB glutamatergic neurons decreased arousal. Altogether, our findings reveal a prominent contribution of vSUB glutamatergic neurons to the control of wakefulness through several pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yi-Dan Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bi
- Department of Pathology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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2
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Luppi PH, Malcey J, Chancel A, Duval B, Cabrera S, Fort P. Neuronal network controlling REM sleep. J Sleep Res 2024:e14266. [PMID: 38972672 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep is a state characterized by concomitant occurrence of rapid eye movements, electroencephalographic activation and muscle atonia. In this review, we provide up to date knowledge on the neuronal network controlling its onset and maintenance. It is now accepted that muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep is due to activation of glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. These neurons directly project and excite glycinergic/γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic pre-motoneurons localized in the ventromedial medulla. The sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus rapid eye movement-on neurons are inactivated during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement by rapid eye movement-off γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey and the adjacent dorsal deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Melanin-concentrating hormone and γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic rapid eye movement sleep-on neurons localized in the lateral hypothalamus would inhibit these rapid eye movement sleep-off neurons initiating the state. Finally, the activation of a few limbic cortical structures during rapid eye movement sleep by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus as well as that of the basolateral amygdala would be involved in the function(s) of rapid eye movement sleep. In summary, rapid eye movement sleep is generated by a brainstem generator controlled by forebrain structures involved in autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Justin Malcey
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Amarine Chancel
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Blandine Duval
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Cabrera
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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3
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Bastos-Gonçalves R, Coimbra B, Rodrigues AJ. The mesopontine tegmentum in reward and aversion: From cellular heterogeneity to behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105702. [PMID: 38718986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The mesopontine tegmentum, comprising the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT), is intricately connected to various regions of the basal ganglia, motor systems, and limbic systems. The PPN and LDT can regulate the activity of different brain regions of these target systems, and in this way are in a privileged position to modulate motivated behaviours. Despite recent findings, the PPN and LDT have been largely overlooked in discussions about the neural circuits associated with reward and aversion. This review aims to provide a timely and comprehensive resource on past and current research, highlighting the PPN and LDT's connectivity and influence on basal ganglia and limbic, and motor systems. Seminal studies, including lesion, pharmacological, and optogenetic/chemogenetic approaches, demonstrate their critical roles in modulating reward/aversive behaviours. The review emphasizes the need for further investigation into the associated cellular mechanisms, in order to clarify their role in behaviour and contribution for different neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bastos-Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ana João Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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4
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Lu X, Wickens JR, Hyland BI. Multimodal convergence in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: Motor, sensory and theta-frequency inputs influence activity of single neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3643-3658. [PMID: 38698531 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus of the brainstem (PPTg) has extensive interconnections and neuronal-behavioural correlates. It is implicated in movement control and sensorimotor integration. We investigated whether single neuron activity in freely moving rats is correlated with components of skilled forelimb movement, and whether individual neurons respond to both motor and sensory events. We found that individual PPTg neurons showed changes in firing rate at different times during the reach. This type of temporally specific modulation is like activity seen elsewhere in voluntary movement control circuits, such as the motor cortex, and suggests that PPTg neural activity is related to different specific events occurring during the reach. In particular, many neuronal modulations were time-locked to the end of the extension phase of the reach, when fine distal movements related to food grasping occur, indicating strong engagement of PPTg in this phase of skilled individual forelimb movements. In addition, some neurons showed brief periods of apparent oscillatory firing in the theta range at specific phases of the reach-to-grasp movement. When movement-related neurons were tested with tone stimuli, many also responded to this auditory input, allowing for sensorimotor integration at the cellular level. Together, these data extend the concept of the PPTg as an integrative structure in generation of complex movements, by showing that this function extends to the highly coordinated control of the forelimb during skilled reach to grasp movement, and that sensory and motor-related information converges on single neurons, allowing for direct integration at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, Dunedin and Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeffery R Wickens
- Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Brian Ian Hyland
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, Dunedin and Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Shiromani PJ, Vidal-Ortiz A. Most dynorphin neurons in the zona incerta-perifornical area are active in waking relative to non-rapid-eye movement and rapid-eye movement sleep. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae065. [PMID: 38447008 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynorphin is an endogenous opiate localized in many brain regions and spinal cord, but the activity of dynorphin neurons during sleep is unknown. Dynorphin is an inhibitory neuropeptide that is coreleased with orexin, an excitatory neuropeptide. We used microendoscopy to test the hypothesis that, like orexin, the dynorphin neurons are wake-active. Dynorphin-cre mice (n = 3) were administered rAAV8-Ef1a-Con/Foff 2.0-GCaMP6M into the zona incerta-perifornical area, implanted with a GRIN lens (gradient reflective index), and electrodes to the skull that recorded sleep. One month later, a miniscope imaged calcium fluorescence in dynorphin neurons during multiple bouts of wake, non-rapid-eye movement (NREM), and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep. Unbiased data analysis identified changes in calcium fluorescence in 64 dynorphin neurons. Most of the dynorphin neurons (72%) had the highest fluorescence during bouts of active and quiet waking compared to NREM or REM sleep; a subset (20%) were REM-max. Our results are consistent with the emerging evidence that the activity of orexin neurons can be classified as wake-max or REM-max. Since the two neuropeptides are coexpressed and coreleased, we suggest that dynorphin-cre-driven calcium sensors could increase understanding of the role of this endogenous opiate in pain and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyattam J Shiromani
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aurelio Vidal-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System Charleston, SC, USA
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6
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Pascovich C, Serantes D, Rodriguez A, Mateos D, González J, Gallo D, Rivas M, Devera A, Lagos P, Rubido N, Torterolo P. Dorsal and median raphe neuronal firing dynamics characterized by nonlinear measures. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012111. [PMID: 38805554 PMCID: PMC11161118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The dorsal (DRN) and median (MRN) raphe are important nuclei involved in similar functions, including mood and sleep, but playing distinct roles. These nuclei have a different composition of neuronal types and set of neuronal connections, which among other factors, determine their neuronal dynamics. Most works characterize the neuronal dynamics using classic measures, such as using the average spiking frequency (FR), the coefficient of variation (CV), and action potential duration (APD). In the current study, to refine the characterization of neuronal firing profiles, we examined the neurons within the raphe nuclei. Through the utilization of nonlinear measures, our objective was to discern the redundancy and complementarity of these measures, particularly in comparison with classic methods. To do this, we analyzed the neuronal basal firing profile in both nuclei of urethane-anesthetized rats using the Shannon entropy (Bins Entropy) of the inter-spike intervals, permutation entropy of ordinal patterns (OP Entropy), and Permutation Lempel-Ziv Complexity (PLZC). Firstly, we found that classic (i.e., FR, CV, and APD) and nonlinear measures fail to distinguish between the dynamics of DRN and MRN neurons, except for the OP Entropy. We also found strong relationships between measures, including the CV with FR, CV with Bins entropy, and FR with PLZC, which imply redundant information. However, APD and OP Entropy have either a weak or no relationship with the rest of the measures tested, suggesting that they provide complementary information to the characterization of the neuronal firing profiles. Secondly, we studied how these measures are affected by the oscillatory properties of the firing patterns, including rhythmicity, bursting patterns, and clock-like behavior. We found that all measures are sensitive to rhythmicity, except for the OP Entropy. Overall, our work highlights OP Entropy as a powerful and useful quantity for the characterization of neuronal discharge patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pascovich
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Consciousness and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, King’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Serantes
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejo Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Mateos
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada del Litoral (IMAL-CONICET-UNL), Santa Fé, Argentina
- Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos (UADER), Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Joaquín González
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Gallo
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mayda Rivas
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Devera
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Lagos
- Laboratory of Neuropeptide Transmission, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Rubido
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Laboratory of Sleep Neurobiology, Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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7
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Hu M, Xu F, Liu S, Yao Y, Xia Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Tang H, Qaiser Z, Liu S, Tang Y. Aging pattern of the brainstem based on volumetric measurement and optimized surface shape analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:396-411. [PMID: 38155336 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem, a small and crucial structure, is connected to the cerebrum, spinal cord, and cerebellum, playing a vital role in regulating autonomic functions, transmitting motor and sensory information, and modulating cognitive processes, emotions, and consciousness. While previous research has indicated that changes in brainstem anatomy can serve as a biomarker for aging and neurodegenerative diseases, the structural changes that occur in the brainstem during normal aging remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the age- and sex-related differences in the global and local structural measures of the brainstem in 187 healthy adults (ranging in age from 18 to 70 years) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. The findings showed a significant negative age effect on the volume of the two major components of the brainstem: the medulla oblongata and midbrain. The shape analysis revealed that atrophy primarily occurs in specific structures, such as the pyramid, cerebral peduncle, superior and inferior colliculi. Surface area and shape analysis showed a trend of flattening in the aging brainstem. There were no significant differences between the sexes or sex-by-age interactions in brainstem structural measures. These findings provide a systematic description of age associations with brainstem structures in healthy adults and may provide a reference for future research on brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shizhou Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Caiting Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zubair Qaiser
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchun Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Bandarabadi M, Prouvot Bouvier PH, Corsi G, Tafti M. The paradox of REM sleep: Seven decades of evolution. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101918. [PMID: 38457935 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bandarabadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Giorgio Corsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Tafti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Izowit G, Walczak M, Drwięga G, Solecki W, Błasiak T. Brain state-dependent responses of midbrain dopaminergic neurons to footshock under urethane anaesthesia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1536-1557. [PMID: 38233998 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
For a long time, it has been assumed that dopaminergic (DA) neurons in both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) uniformly respond to rewarding and aversive stimuli by either increasing or decreasing their activity, respectively. This response was believed to signal information about the perceived stimuli's values. The identification of VTA&SNc DA neurons that are excited by both rewarding and aversive stimuli has led to the categorisation of VTA&SNc DA neurons into two subpopulations: one signalling the value and the other signalling the salience of the stimuli. It has been shown that the general state of the brain can modulate the electrical activity of VTA&SNc DA neurons, but it remains unknown whether this factor may also influence responses to aversive stimuli, such as a footshock (FS). To address this question, we have recorded the responses of VTA&SNc DA neurons to FSs across cortical activation and slow wave activity brain states in urethane-anaesthetised rats. Adding to the knowledge of aversion signalling by midbrain DA neurons, we report that significant proportion of VTA&SNc DA neurons can change their responses to an aversive stimulus in a brain state-dependent manner. The majority of these neurons decreased their activity in response to FS during cortical activation but switched to increasing it during slow wave activity. It can be hypothesised that this subpopulation of DA neurons may be involved in the 'dual signalling' of both the value and the salience of the stimuli, depending on the general state of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Walczak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Gniewosz Drwięga
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Błasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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10
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Luppi PH, Chancel A, Malcey J, Cabrera S, Fort P, Maciel RM. Which structure generates paradoxical (REM) sleep: The brainstem, the hypothalamus, the amygdala or the cortex? Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101907. [PMID: 38422648 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Paradoxical or Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (PS) is a state characterized by REMs, EEG activation and muscle atonia. In this review, we discuss the contribution of brainstem, hypothalamic, amygdalar and cortical structures in PS genesis. We propose that muscle atonia during PS is due to activation of glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) projecting to glycinergic/GABAergic pre-motoneurons localized in the ventro-medial medulla (vmM). The SLD PS-on neurons are inactivated during wakefulness and slow-wave sleep by PS-off GABAergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) and the adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and GABAergic PS-on neurons localized in the posterior hypothalamus would inhibit these PS-off neurons to initiate the state. Finally, the activation of a few limbic cortical structures during PS by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus as well as that of the basolateral amygdala would also contribute to PS expression. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of these limbic structures plays a role in memory consolidation and would communicate to the PS-generating structures the need for PS to process memory. In summary, PS generation is controlled by structures distributed from the cortex to the medullary level of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Amarine Chancel
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Justin Malcey
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Cabrera
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Renato M Maciel
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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11
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Vidal-Ortiz A, Blanco-Centurion C, Shiromani PJ. Unilateral optogenetic stimulation of Lhx6 neurons in the zona incerta increases REM sleep. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad217. [PMID: 37599437 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine how a waking brain falls asleep researchers have monitored and manipulated activity of neurons and glia in various brain regions. While imaging Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) neurons in the zona incerta (ZI) we found a subgroup that anticipates onset of NREM sleep (Blanco-Centurion C, Luo S, Vidal-Ortiz A, Swank C, Shiromani PJ. Activity of a subset of vesicular GABA-transporter neurons in the ventral ZI anticipates sleep onset. Sleep. 2021;44(6):zsaa268. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa268.). To differentiate the GABA subtype we now image and optogenetically manipulate the ZI neurons containing the transcription factor, Lhx6. In the first study, Lhx6-cre mice (n = 5; female = 4) were given rAAV-DJ-EF1a-DIO-GCaMP6M into the ZI (isofluorane anesthesia), a GRIN lens implanted, and 21days later sleep and fluorescence in individual Lhx6 neurons were recorded for 4 hours. Calcium fluorescence was detected in 132 neurons. 45.5% of the Lhx6 neurons were REM-max; 30.3% were wake-max; 11.4% were wake + REM max; 9% were NREM-max; and 3.8% had no change. The NREM-max group of neurons fluoresced 30 seconds ahead of sleep onset. The second study tested the effects of unilateral optogenetic stimulation of the ZI Lhx6 neurons (n = 14 mice) (AAV5-Syn-FLEX-rc[ChrimsonR-tdTomato]. Stimulation at 1 and 5 Hz (1 minute on- 4 minutes off) significantly increased percent REM sleep during the 4 hours stimulation period (last half of day cycle). The typical experimental approach is to stimulate neurons in both hemispheres, but here we found that low-frequency stimulation of ZI Lhx6 neurons in one hemisphere is sufficient to shift states of consciousness. Detailed mapping combined with mechanistic testing is necessary to identify local nodes that can shift the brain between wake-sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Vidal-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carlos Blanco-Centurion
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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12
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Nardone S, De Luca R, Zito A, Klymko N, Nicoloutsopoulos D, Amsalem O, Brannigan C, Resch JM, Jacobs CL, Pant D, Veregge M, Srinivasan H, Grippo RM, Yang Z, Zeidel ML, Andermann ML, Harris KD, Tsai LT, Arrigoni E, Verstegen AMJ, Saper CB, Lowell BB. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1966. [PMID: 38438345 PMCID: PMC10912765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The "dorsal pons", or "dorsal pontine tegmentum" (dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital functions. Notable among them are the parabrachial nucleus, the Kölliker Fuse, the Barrington nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the dorsal, laterodorsal, and ventral tegmental nuclei. In this study, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to resolve neuronal subtypes based on their unique transcriptional profiles and then used multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) to map them spatially. We sampled ~1 million cells across the dPnTg and defined the spatial distribution of over 120 neuronal subtypes. Our analysis identified an unpredicted high transcriptional diversity in this region and pinpointed the unique marker genes of many neuronal subtypes. We also demonstrated that many neuronal subtypes are transcriptionally similar between humans and mice, enhancing this study's translational value. Finally, we developed a freely accessible, GPU and CPU-powered dashboard ( http://harvard.heavy.ai:6273/ ) that combines interactive visual analytics and hardware-accelerated SQL into a data science framework to allow the scientific community to query and gain insights into the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, The Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nataliya Klymko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Oren Amsalem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory Brannigan
- HEAVY.AI, 100 Montgomery St Fl 5, San Francisco, California, 94104, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Veregge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongfang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Kim J, Lee HJ, Lee DA, Park KM. Sarcopenia in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med 2024; 114:189-193. [PMID: 38215670 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluating of sarcopenia is important for promoting healthy aging, preventing functional decline, reducing the risk of falls and fractures, and improving overall quality of life. This study aimed to investigate sarcopenia in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) using temporal muscle thickness (TMT) measurement. METHODS This investigation was retrospectively conducted at a single tertiary hospital. We recruited patients diagnosed with isolated RBD confirmed by polysomnography and clinical history and healthy participants as controls. Patients with isolated RBD and healthy controls underwent brain MRI scans, including three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. We measured TMT, a radiographic marker of sarcopenia, based on the T1-weighted imaging. We compared the TMT between the groups and performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate how well the TMT differentiated patients with isolated RBD from healthy controls. We also conducted a correlation analysis between the TMT and clinical factors. RESULTS Our study included 28 patients with isolated RBD and 30 healthy controls. There was a significant difference in the TMT of both groups. The TMT was reduced in patients with isolated RBD than in healthy controls (11.843 vs. 10.420 mm, p = 0.002). In the ROC curve analysis, the TMT exhibited good performance in differentiating patients with isolated RBD from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.708. Furthermore, age was negatively correlated with TMT in patients with isolated RBD (r = -0.453, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that TMT is reduced in patients with isolated RBD compared with healthy controls, confirming sarcopenia in patients with isolated RBD. The result suggests an association between neurodegeneration and sarcopenia. TMT can be used to evaluate sarcopenia in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ah Lee
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Rahimi S, Joyce L, Fenzl T, Drexel M. Crosstalk between the subiculum and sleep-wake regulation: A review. J Sleep Res 2024:e14134. [PMID: 38196146 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance, and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep, and non-rapid eye movement sleep is not thoroughly understood. Sleep is thought to arise due to decreased activity in the ascending reticular arousal system, which originates in the brainstem and awakens the thalamus and cortex during wakefulness. Despite the conventional association of sleep-wake states with hippocampal rhythms, the mutual influence of the hippocampal formation in regulating vigilance states has been largely neglected. Here, we focus on the subiculum, the main output region of the hippocampal formation. The subiculum, particulary the ventral part, sends extensive monosynaptic projections to crucial regions implicated in sleep-wake regulation, including the thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, tuberomammillary nucleus, basal forebrain, ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, ventrolateral tegmental area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Additionally, second-order projections from the subiculum are received by the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus coeruleus, and median raphe nucleus, suggesting the potential involvement of the subiculum in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. We also discuss alterations in the subiculum observed in individuals with sleep disorders and in sleep-deprived mice, underscoring the significance of investigating neuronal communication between the subiculum and pathways promoting both sleep and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leesa Joyce
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Fenzl
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Xie M, Huang Y, Cai W, Zhang B, Huang H, Li Q, Qin P, Han J. Neurobiological Underpinnings of Hyperarousal in Depression: A Comprehensive Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38248265 PMCID: PMC10813043 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit an abnormal physiological arousal pattern known as hyperarousal, which may contribute to their depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological mechanisms linking this abnormal arousal to depressive symptoms are not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the physiological and neural features of arousal, and review the literature indicating abnormal arousal in depressed patients. Evidence suggests that a hyperarousal state in depression is characterized by abnormalities in sleep behavior, physiological (e.g., heart rate, skin conductance, pupil diameter) and electroencephalography (EEG) features, and altered activity in subcortical (e.g., hypothalamus and locus coeruleus) and cortical regions. While recent studies highlight the importance of subcortical-cortical interactions in arousal, few have explored the relationship between subcortical-cortical interactions and hyperarousal in depressed patients. This gap limits our understanding of the neural mechanism through which hyperarousal affects depressive symptoms, which involves various cognitive processes and the cerebral cortex. Based on the current literature, we propose that the hyperconnectivity in the thalamocortical circuit may contribute to both the hyperarousal pattern and depressive symptoms. Future research should investigate the relationship between thalamocortical connections and abnormal arousal in depression, and explore its implications for non-invasive treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (M.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (M.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wendan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Bingqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Haonan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China;
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (M.X.); (Y.H.)
- Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510330, China
| | - Junrong Han
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (W.C.); (B.Z.); (H.H.)
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16
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Morgenstern NA, Esposito MS. The Basal Ganglia and Mesencephalic Locomotor Region Connectivity Matrix. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1454-1472. [PMID: 37559244 PMCID: PMC11097982 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230809112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although classically considered a relay station for basal ganglia (BG) output, the anatomy, connectivity, and function of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) were redefined during the last two decades. In striking opposition to what was initially thought, MLR and BG are actually reciprocally and intimately interconnected. New viral-based, optogenetic, and mapping technologies revealed that cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons coexist in this structure, which, in addition to extending descending projections, send long-range ascending fibers to the BG. These MLR projections to the BG convey motor and non-motor information to specific synaptic targets throughout different nuclei. Moreover, MLR efferent fibers originate from precise neuronal subpopulations located in particular MLR subregions, defining independent anatomo-functional subcircuits involved in particular aspects of animal behavior such as fast locomotion, explorative locomotion, posture, forelimb- related movements, speed, reinforcement, among others. In this review, we revised the literature produced during the last decade linking MLR and BG. We conclude that the classic framework considering the MLR as a homogeneous output structure passively receiving input from the BG needs to be revisited. We propose instead that the multiple subcircuits embedded in this region should be taken as independent entities that convey relevant and specific ascending information to the BG and, thus, actively participate in the execution and tuning of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás A. Morgenstern
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Instituto De Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria S. Esposito
- Department of Medical Physics, Centro Atomico Bariloche, CNEA, CONICET, Av. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
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17
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Luo Y, Li Y, Yuan J. The regulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in sleep-wake states. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:5-11. [PMID: 38469582 PMCID: PMC10900045 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) plays a vital role in sleep/wake states. There are three main kinds of heterogeneous neurons involved: cholinergic, glutamatergic, and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons. However, the precise roles of cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic PPTg cell groups in regulating sleep-wake are unknown. Recent work suggests that the cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons of the PPTg may activate the main arousal-promoting nucleus, thus exerting their wakefulness effects. We review the related projection pathways and functions of various neurons of the PPTg, especially the mechanisms of the PPTg in sleep-wake, thus providing new perspectives for research of sleep-wake mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyin, China
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18
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Nardone S, De Luca R, Zito A, Klymko N, Nicoloutsopoulos D, Amsalem O, Brannigan C, Resch JM, Jacobs CL, Pant D, Veregge M, Srinivasan H, Grippo RM, Yang Z, Zeidel ML, Andermann ML, Harris KD, Tsai LT, Arrigoni E, Verstegen AMJ, Saper CB, Lowell BB. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558047. [PMID: 38014113 PMCID: PMC10680649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The "dorsal pons", or "dorsal pontine tegmentum" (dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital functions. Notable among them are the parabrachial nucleus, the Kölliker Fuse, the Barrington nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the dorsal, laterodorsal, and ventral tegmental nuclei. In this study, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to resolve neuronal subtypes based on their unique transcriptional profiles and then used multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) to map them spatially. We sampled ~1 million cells across the dPnTg and defined the spatial distribution of over 120 neuronal subtypes. Our analysis identified an unpredicted high transcriptional diversity in this region and pinpointed many neuronal subtypes' unique marker genes. We also demonstrated that many neuronal subtypes are transcriptionally similar between humans and mice, enhancing this study's translational value. Finally, we developed a freely accessible, GPU and CPU-powered dashboard (http://harvard.heavy.ai:6273/) that combines interactive visual analytics and hardware-accelerated SQL into a data science framework to allow the scientific community to query and gain insights into the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nataliya Klymko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Oren Amsalem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory Brannigan
- HEAVY.AI, 100 Montgomery St Fl 5, San Francisco, California, 94104, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Veregge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongfang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Tanguay E, Bouchard SJ, Lévesque M, De Koninck P, Breton-Provencher V. Shining light on the noradrenergic system. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044406. [PMID: 37766924 PMCID: PMC10519836 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research on the noradrenergic system, our understanding of its impact on brain function and behavior remains incomplete. Traditional recording techniques are challenging to implement for investigating in vivo noradrenergic activity, due to the relatively small size and the position in the brain of the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary location for noradrenergic neurons. However, recent advances in optical and fluorescent methods have enabled researchers to study the LC more effectively. Use of genetically encoded calcium indicators to image the activity of noradrenergic neurons and biosensors that monitor noradrenaline release with fluorescence can be an indispensable tool for studying noradrenergic activity. In this review, we examine how these methods are being applied to record the noradrenergic system in the rodent brain during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Lévesque
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Breton-Provencher
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Beebe NL, Herrera YN, Noftz WA, Roberts MT, Schofield BR. Characterization of three cholinergic inputs to the cochlear nucleus. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 131:102284. [PMID: 37164181 PMCID: PMC10330717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine modulates responses throughout the auditory system, including at the earliest brain level, the cochlear nucleus (CN). Previous studies have shown multiple sources of cholinergic input to the CN but information about their relative contributions and the distribution of inputs from each source is lacking. Here, we used staining for cholinergic axons and boutons, retrograde tract tracing, and acetylcholine-selective anterograde tracing to characterize three sources of acetylcholine input to the CN in mice. Staining for cholinergic axons showed heavy cholinergic inputs to granule cell areas and the dorsal CN with lighter input to the ventral CN. Retrograde tract tracing revealed that cholinergic cells from the superior olivary complex, pontomesencephalic tegmentum, and lateral paragigantocellular nucleus send projections to the CN. When we selectively labeled cholinergic axons from each source to the CN, we found surprising similarities in their terminal distributions, with patterns that were overlapping rather than complementary. Each source heavily targeted granule cell areas and the dorsal CN (especially the deep dorsal CN) and sent light input into the ventral CN. Our results demonstrate convergence of cholinergic inputs from multiple sources in most regions of the CN and raise the possibility of convergence onto single CN cells. Linking sources of acetylcholine and their patterns of activity to modulation of specific cell types in the CN will be an important next step in understanding cholinergic modulation of early auditory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole L Beebe
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Yoani N Herrera
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William A Noftz
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett R Schofield
- Hearing Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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21
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Fraigne JJ, Luppi PH, Mahoney CE, De Luca R, Shiromani PJ, Weber F, Adamantidis A, Peever J. Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area modulate rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad024. [PMID: 36775897 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Fraigne
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pierre H Luppi
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM, and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carrie E Mahoney
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Research, Centre for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Peever
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Ma HT, Zhang HC, Zuo ZF, Liu YX. Heterogeneous organization of Locus coeruleus: An intrinsic mechanism for functional complexity. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114231. [PMID: 37172640 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) is a small nucleus located deep in the brainstem that contains the majority of central noradrenergic neurons, which provide the primary source of noradrenaline (NA) throughout the entire central nervous system (CNS).The release of neurotransmitter NA is considered to modulate arousal, sensory processing, attention, aversive and adaptive stress responses as well as high-order cognitive function and memory, with the highly ramified axonal arborizations of LC-NA neurons sending wide projections to the targeted brain areas. For over 30 years, LC was thought to be a homogeneous nucleus in structure and function due to the widespread uniform release of NA by LC-NA neurons and simultaneous action in several CNS regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and spinal cord. However, recent advances in neuroscience tools have revealed that LC is probably not so homogeneous as we previous thought and exhibits heterogeneity in various aspects. Accumulating studies have shown that the functional complexity of LC may be attributed to its heterogeneity in developmental origin, projection patterns, topography distribution, morphology and molecular organization, electrophysiological properties and sex differences. This review will highlight the heterogeneity of LC and its critical role in modulating diverse behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Hao-Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhong-Fu Zuo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Ying-Xue Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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23
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Xiao C, Wei J, Zhang GW, Tao C, Huang JJ, Shen L, Wickersham IR, Tao HW, Zhang LI. Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in pontine central gray mediate opposing valence-specific behaviors through a global network. Neuron 2023; 111:1486-1503.e7. [PMID: 36893756 PMCID: PMC10164086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracting the valence of environmental cues is critical for animals' survival. How valence in sensory signals is encoded and transformed to produce distinct behavioral responses remains not well understood. Here, we report that the mouse pontine central gray (PCG) contributes to encoding both negative and positive valences. PCG glutamatergic neurons were activated selectively by aversive, but not reward, stimuli, whereas its GABAergic neurons were preferentially activated by reward signals. The optogenetic activation of these two populations resulted in avoidance and preference behavior, respectively, and was sufficient to induce conditioned place aversion/preference. Suppression of them reduced sensory-induced aversive and appetitive behaviors, respectively. These two functionally opponent populations, receiving a broad range of inputs from overlapping yet distinct sources, broadcast valence-specific information to a distributed brain network with distinguishable downstream effectors. Thus, PCG serves as a critical hub to process positive and negative valences of incoming sensory signals and drive valence-specific behaviors with distinct circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Xiao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guang-Wei Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Can Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ian R Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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24
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Wright CJ, Milosavljevic S, Pocivavsek A. The stress of losing sleep: Sex-specific neurobiological outcomes. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 24:100543. [PMID: 37252645 PMCID: PMC10209346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a vital and evolutionarily conserved process, critical to daily functioning and homeostatic balance. Losing sleep is inherently stressful and leads to numerous detrimental physiological outcomes. Despite sleep disturbances affecting everyone, women and female rodents are often excluded or underrepresented in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Advancing our understanding of the role of biological sex in the responses to sleep loss stands to greatly improve our ability to understand and treat health consequences of insufficient sleep. As such, this review discusses sex differences in response to sleep deprivation, with a focus on the sympathetic nervous system stress response and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We review sex differences in several stress-related consequences of sleep loss, including inflammation, learning and memory deficits, and mood related changes. Focusing on women's health, we discuss the effects of sleep deprivation during the peripartum period. In closing, we present neurobiological mechanisms, including the contribution of sex hormones, orexins, circadian timing systems, and astrocytic neuromodulation, that may underlie potential sex differences in sleep deprivation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Corresponding author. Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, USC School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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25
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Oh SG, Lee EY, Lee HS. Projections from LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + zona incerta neurons to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei of the rat. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:905-917. [PMID: 36583474 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A recent report suggested that LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + GABA-releasing neurons of the ventral zona incerta (VZI) promote sleep, particularly paradoxical sleep (PS). While their potential involvement in sleep still needs to be firmly confirmed, little is known about their specific input/output connections with widespread brain regions, including those involved in sleep. Thus, the present study was designed to examine whether Lhx6-expressing neurons (in parallel to intermingled MCH-expressing ones) may send efferent projections to cholinergic and/or monoaminergic nuclei from basal forebrain (BF) to brainstem (BS). Based on the present observations, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the BF and BS cholinergic nuclei over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were approximately 5.9% and 6.9%, respectively. Likewise, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the dorsal raphe and locus coeruleus over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were about 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, Lhx6+ cells projecting to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei were scattered along the entire dorsal-to-ventral extent of the VZI. Based on the present as well as our previous observations, it is suggested that Lhx6+ VZI neurons might play an important role in the regulation of PS, partly via the neural network involving the cholinergic as well as monoaminergic nuclei of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyoon Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Yeup Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Kwapiszewski JT, Rivera-Perez LM, Roberts MT. Cholinergic Boutons are Distributed Along the Dendrites and Somata of VIP Neurons in the Inferior Colliculus. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:181-196. [PMID: 36627519 PMCID: PMC10121979 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling shapes sound processing and plasticity in the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the central auditory system, but how cholinergic terminals contact and influence individual neuron types in the IC remains largely unknown. Using pharmacology and electrophysiology, we recently found that acetylcholine strongly excites VIP neurons, a class of glutamatergic principal neurons in the IC, by activating α3β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we confirm and extend these results using tissue from mice of both sexes. First, we show that mRNA encoding α3 and β4 nAChR subunits is expressed in many neurons throughout the IC, including most VIP neurons, suggesting that these subunits, which are rare in the brain, are important mediators of cholinergic signaling in the IC. Next, by combining fluorescent labeling of VIP neurons and immunofluorescence against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), we show that individual VIP neurons in the central nucleus of the IC (ICc) are contacted by a large number of cholinergic boutons. Cholinergic boutons were distributed adjacent to the somata and along the full length of the dendritic arbors of VIP neurons, positioning cholinergic signaling to affect synaptic computations arising throughout the somatodendritic compartments of VIP neurons. In addition, cholinergic boutons were occasionally observed in close apposition to dendritic spines on VIP neurons, raising the possibility that cholinergic signaling also modulates presynaptic release onto VIP neurons. Together, these results strengthen the evidence that cholinergic signaling exerts widespread influence on auditory computations performed by VIP neurons and other neurons in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Kwapiszewski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Luis M Rivera-Perez
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Michael T Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Pharmacology, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
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27
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Arnold E, Soler-Llavina G, Kambara K, Bertrand D. The importance of ligand gated ion channels in sleep and sleep disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115532. [PMID: 37019187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
On average, humans spend about 26 years of their life sleeping. Increased sleep duration and quality has been linked to reduced disease risk; however, the cellular and molecular underpinnings of sleep remain open questions. It has been known for some time that pharmacological modulation of neurotransmission in the brain can promote either sleep or wakefulness thereby providing some clues about the molecular mechanisms at play. However, the field of sleep research has developed an increasingly detailed understanding of the requisite neuronal circuitry and key neurotransmitter receptor subtypes, suggesting that it may be possible to identify next generation pharmacological interventions to treat sleep disorders within this same space. The aim of this work is to examine the latest physiological and pharmacological findings highlighting the contribution of ligand gated ion channels including the inhibitory GABAA and glycine receptors and excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and glutamate receptors in the sleep-wake cycle regulation. Overall, a better understanding of ligand gated ion channels in sleep will help determine if these highly druggable targets could facilitate a better night's sleep.
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28
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Shin A, Park S, Shin W, Woo J, Jeong M, Kim J, Kim D. A brainstem-to-mediodorsal thalamic pathway mediates sound-induced arousal from slow-wave sleep. Curr Biol 2023; 33:875-885.e5. [PMID: 36754050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Auditory-induced arousal is a defense mechanism of animals against potential dangers. Although the thalamus is the neural substrate that relays sensory information to the cortex, its function is reduced during slow-wave sleep (SWS), also known as deep sleep. Despite this, animals are capable of waking up in response to external sensory stimuli, suggesting the existence of neural circuits that are involved in this response. Here, we report that kainate-class-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit 4 (GRIK4)-positive mediodorsal (MD) thalamic neurons act as a neural substrate for arousals from SWS. These neurons become active during arousal from SWS and their photoactivation can induce arousal from SWS. Moreover, we show that these neurons are influenced by glutamatergic neurons in the brainstem, the activity of which increases during auditory-induced arousals. These results suggest that this brainstem-MD pathway can mediate wakefulness from SWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shin
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyung Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyeon Shin
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Woo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Jeong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Blanco-Centurion C, Vidal-Ortiz A, Sato T, Shiromani PJ. Activity of GABA neurons in the zona incerta and ventral lateral periaqueductal grey is biased towards sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:6902001. [PMID: 36516419 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES As in various brain regions the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons is largely unknown, we measured in vivo changes in calcium fluorescence in GABA neurons in the zona incerta (ZI) and the ventral lateral periaqueductal grey (vlPAG), two areas that have been implicated in regulating sleep. METHODS vGAT-Cre mice were implanted with sleep electrodes, microinjected with rAAV-DIO-GCaMP6 into the ZI (n = 6) or vlPAG (n = 5) (isoflurane anesthesia) and a GRIN (Gradient-Index) lens inserted atop the injection site. Twenty-one days later, fluorescence in individual vGAT neurons was recorded over multiple REM cycles. Regions of interest corresponding to individual vGAT somata were automatically extracted with PCA-ICA analysis. RESULTS In the ZI, 372 neurons were identified. Previously, we had recorded the activity of 310 vGAT neurons in the ZI and we combined the published dataset with the new dataset to create a comprehensive dataset of ZI vGAT neurons (total neurons = 682; mice = 11). In the vlPAG, 169 neurons (mice = 5) were identified. In both regions, most neurons were maximally active in REM sleep (R-Max; ZI = 51.0%, vlPAG = 60.9%). The second most abundant group was W-Max (ZI = 23.9%, vlPAG = 25.4%). In the ZI, but not in vlPAG, there were neurons that were NREMS-Max (11.7%). vlPAG had REMS-Off neurons (8.3%). In both areas, there were two minor classes: wake/REMS-Max and state indifferent. In the ZI, the NREMS-Max neurons fluoresced 30 s ahead of sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS These descriptive data show that the activity of GABA neurons is biased in favor of sleep in two brain regions implicated in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurelio Vidal-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Priyattam J Shiromani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
- Laboratory of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, USA
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30
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Yuan T, Zuo Z, Xu J. Neuroanatomical Localization of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Human Brain Using Lesion Network Mapping. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:247-258. [PMID: 36788772 PMCID: PMC9971834 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2022.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To localize the neuroanatomical substrate of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and to investigate the neuroanatomical locational relationship between RBD and α-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a systematic PubMed search, we identified 19 patients with lesions in different brain regions that caused RBD. First, lesion network mapping was applied to confirm whether the lesion locations causing RBD corresponded to a common brain network. Second, the literature-based RBD lesion network map was validated using neuroimaging findings and locations of brain pathologies at post-mortem in patients with idiopathic RBD (iRBD) who were identified by independent systematic literature search using PubMed. Finally, we assessed the locational relationship between the sites of pathological alterations at the preclinical stage in α-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative diseases and the brain network for RBD. RESULTS The lesion network mapping showed lesions causing RBD to be localized to a common brain network defined by connectivity to the pons (including the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, central superior nucleus, and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray), regardless of the lesion location. The positive regions in the pons were replicated by the neuroimaging findings in an independent group of patients with iRBD and it coincided with the reported pathological alterations at post-mortem in patients with iRBD. Furthermore, all brain pathological sites at preclinical stages (Braak stages 1-2) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and at brainstem Lewy body disease in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) were involved in the brain network identified for RBD. CONCLUSION The brain network defined by connectivity to positive pons regions might be the regulatory network loop inducing RBD in humans. In addition, our results suggested that the underlying cause of high phenoconversion rate from iRBD to neurodegenerative α-synucleinopathy might be pathological changes in the preclinical stage of α-synucleinopathy located at the regulatory network loop of RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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31
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Thalamic control of sensory processing and spindles in a biophysical somatosensory thalamoreticular circuit model of wakefulness and sleep. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112200. [PMID: 36867532 PMCID: PMC10066598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalamoreticular circuitry plays a key role in arousal, attention, cognition, and sleep spindles, and is linked to several brain disorders. A detailed computational model of mouse somatosensory thalamus and thalamic reticular nucleus has been developed to capture the properties of over 14,000 neurons connected by 6 million synapses. The model recreates the biological connectivity of these neurons, and simulations of the model reproduce multiple experimental findings in different brain states. The model shows that inhibitory rebound produces frequency-selective enhancement of thalamic responses during wakefulness. We find that thalamic interactions are responsible for the characteristic waxing and waning of spindle oscillations. In addition, we find that changes in thalamic excitability control spindle frequency and their incidence. The model is made openly available to provide a new tool for studying the function and dysfunction of the thalamoreticular circuitry in various brain states.
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The Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus is not Important for Breathing Impairments Observed in a Parkinson's Disease Model. Neuroscience 2023; 512:32-46. [PMID: 36690033 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder resulting from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), with classical and non-classical symptoms such as respiratory instability. An important region for breathing control, the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus (PPTg), is composed of cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons. We hypothesize that degenerated PPTg neurons in a PD model contribute to the blunted respiratory activity. Adult mice (40 males and 29 females) that express the fluorescent green protein in cholinergic, glutamatergic or GABAergic cells were used (Chat-cre Ai6, Vglut2-cre Ai6 and Vgat-cre Ai6) and received bilateral intrastriatal injections of vehicle or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Ten days later, the animals were exposed to hypercapnia or hypoxia to activate PPTg neurons. Vglut2-cre Ai6 animals also received retrograde tracer injections (cholera toxin b) into the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) or preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) and anterograde tracer injections (AAV-mCherry) into the SNpc. In 6-OHDA-injected mice, there is a 77% reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc without changing the number of neurons in the PPTg. Hypercapnia activated fewer Vglut2 neurons in PD, and hypoxia did not activate PPTg neurons. PPTg neurons do not input RTN or preBötC regions but receive projections from SNpc. Although our results did not show a reduction in the number of glutamatergic neurons in PPTg, we observed a reduction in the number of neurons activated by hypercapnia in the PD animal model, suggesting that PPTg may participate in the hypercapnia ventilatory response.
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Sulaman BA, Wang S, Tyan J, Eban-Rothschild A. Neuro-orchestration of sleep and wakefulness. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:196-212. [PMID: 36581730 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although considered an inactive state for centuries, sleep entails many active processes occurring at the cellular, circuit and organismal levels. Over the last decade, several key technological advances, including calcium imaging and optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations, have facilitated a detailed understanding of the functions of different neuronal populations and circuits in sleep-wake regulation. Here, we present recent progress and summarize our current understanding of the circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance and coordination of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). We propose a de-arousal model for sleep initiation, in which the neuromodulatory milieu necessary for sleep initiation is achieved by engaging in repetitive pre-sleep behaviors that gradually reduce vigilance to the external environment and wake-promoting neuromodulatory tone. We also discuss how brain processes related to thermoregulation, hunger and fear intersect with sleep-wake circuits to control arousal. Lastly, we discuss controversies and lingering questions in the sleep field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi A Sulaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean Tyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Davin A, Chabardès S, Devergnas A, Benstaali C, Gutekunst CAN, David O, Torres-Martinez N, Piallat B. Excessive daytime sleepiness in a model of Parkinson's disease improved by low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 36697421 PMCID: PMC9876933 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease often complain of excessive daytime sleepiness which negatively impacts their quality of life. The pedunculopontine nucleus, proposed as a target for deep brain stimulation to improve freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease, is also known to play a key role in the arousal system. Thus, the putative control of excessive daytime sleepiness by pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation merits exploration for treating Parkinson's disease patients. To this end, two adult nonhuman primates (macaca fascicularis) received a deep brain stimulation electrode implanted into the pedunculopontine nucleus area along with a polysomnographic equipment. Stimulation at low frequencies and high frequencies was studied, in healthy and then MPTP-treated nonhuman primates. Here, we observed that MPTP-treated nonhuman primates suffered from excessive daytime sleepiness and that low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area was effective in reducing daytime sleepiness. Indeed, low-frequency stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus area induced a significant increase in sleep onset latency, longer continuous periods of wakefulness and thus, a partially restored daytime wake architecture. These findings may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies in patients suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Davin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphan Chabardès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Department of Neurosurgery, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Annaelle Devergnas
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 30307, Atlanta, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, 30307, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline Benstaali
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier David
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Aix Marseille, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, 13000, Marseille, France
| | | | - Brigitte Piallat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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35
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Kuo CC, Chan H, Hung WC, Chen RF, Yang HW, Min MY. Carbachol increases locus coeruleus activation by targeting noradrenergic neurons, inhibitory interneurons and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:32-53. [PMID: 36382388 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) consists of noradrenergic (NA) neurons and plays an important role in controlling behaviours. Although much of the knowledge regarding LC functions comes from studying behavioural outcomes upon administration of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonists into the nucleus, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that the application of carbachol (CCh), an mAChR agonist, increased the spontaneous action potentials (sAPs) of both LC-NA neurons and local inhibitory interneurons (LC I-INs) in acute brain slices by activating M1/M3 mAChRs (m1/3 AChRs). Optogenetic activation of LC I-INs evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in LC-NA neurons that were mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) and glycine receptors, and CCh application decreased the IPSC amplitude through a presynaptic mechanism by activating M4 mAChRs (m4 AChRs). LC-NA neurons also exhibited spontaneous phasic-like activity (sPLA); CCh application increased the incidence of this activity. This effect of CCh application was not observed with blockade of GABAA and glycine receptors, suggesting that the sPLA enhancement occurred likely because of the decreased synaptic transmission of LC I-INs onto LC-NA neurons by the m4 AChR activation and/or increased spiking rate of LC I-INs by the m1/3 AChR activation, which could lead to fatigue of the synaptic transmission. In conclusion, we report that CCh application, while inhibiting their synaptic transmission, increases sAP rates of LC-NA neurons and LC I-INs. Collectively, these effects provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying the behaviour modulations following the administration of muscarinic receptor agonists into the LC reported by the previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Feng Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Wen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Min
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Nishijo H. Neuronal structures controlling locomotor behavior during active and inactive motor states. Neurosci Res 2022; 189:83-93. [PMID: 36549389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviors can be divided into two states according to their motor activity: the active motor state, which involves significant body movements, and the inactive motor state, which refers to when the animal is stationary. The timing and duration of these states are determined by the activity of the neuronal circuits involved in motor control. Among these motor circuits, those that generate locomotion are some of the most studied neuronal networks and are widely distributed from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries, mainly in rodents using state-of-the-art experimental approaches, of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the initiation and termination of locomotion in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and prefrontal cortex. These findings is discussed with reference to studies on the neuronal mechanism of motor control during sleep and the modulation of cortical states in these structures. Accumulating evidence has unraveled the complex yet highly structured network that controls the transition between motor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Graduate school of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Kroeger D, Thundercliffe J, Phung A, De Luca R, Geraci C, Bragg S, McCafferty KJ, Bandaru SS, Arrigoni E, Scammell TE. Glutamatergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons control wakefulness and locomotion via distinct axonal projections. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac242. [PMID: 36170177 PMCID: PMC9742893 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus is implicated in many brain functions, ranging from sleep/wake control and locomotion, to reward mechanisms and learning. The PPT contains cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons with extensive ascending and descending axonal projections. Glutamatergic PPT (PPTvGlut2) neurons are thought to promote wakefulness, but the mechanisms through which this occurs are unknown. In addition, some researchers propose that PPTvGlut2 neurons promote locomotion, yet even though the PPT is a target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease, the role of the PPT in locomotion is debated. We hypothesized that PPTvGluT2 neurons drive arousal and specific waking behaviors via certain projections and modulate locomotion via others. METHODS We mapped the axonal projections of PPTvGlut2 neurons using conditional anterograde tracing and then photostimulated PPTvGlut2 soma or their axon terminal fields across sleep/wake states and analyzed sleep/wake behavior, muscle activity, and locomotion in transgenic mice. RESULTS We found that stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and their axon terminals rapidly triggered arousals from non-rapid eye movement sleep, especially with activation of terminals in the basal forebrain (BF) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). With photoactivation of PPTvGlut2 terminals in the BF and LH, this wakefulness was accompanied by locomotion and other active behaviors, but stimulation of PPTvGlut2 soma and terminals in the substantia nigra triggered only quiet wakefulness without locomotion. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the importance of the PPTvGluT2 neurons in driving various aspects of arousal and show that heterogeneous brain nuclei, such as the PPT, can promote a variety of behaviors via distinct axonal projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jack Thundercliffe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Phung
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn Geraci
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Bragg
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayleen J McCafferty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhao YN, Jiang JB, Tao SY, Zhang Y, Chen ZK, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Yang SR. GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus are essential for rapid eye movement sleep suppression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7552. [PMID: 36477665 PMCID: PMC9729601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbances are prevalent in various psychiatric disorders. However, the neural circuits that regulate REM sleep remain poorly understood. Here, we found that in male mice, optogenetic activation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) GABAergic neurons immediately converted REM sleep to arousal and then initiated non-REM (NREM) sleep. Conversely, laser-mediated inactivation completely converted NREM to REM sleep and prolonged REM sleep duration. The activity of RMTg GABAergic neurons increased to a high discharge level at the termination of REM sleep. RMTg GABAergic neurons directly converted REM sleep to wakefulness and NREM sleep via inhibitory projections to the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT) and lateral hypothalamus (LH), respectively. Furthermore, LDT glutamatergic neurons were responsible for the REM sleep-wake transitions following photostimulation of the RMTgGABA-LDT circuit. Thus, RMTg GABAergic neurons are essential for suppressing the induction and maintenance of REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jian-Bo Jiang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shi-Yuan Tao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Su-Rong Yang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Jung J, Kim T. General anesthesia and sleep: like and unlike. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2022; 17:343-351. [DOI: 10.17085/apm.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia and sleep have long been discussed in the neurobiological context owingto their commonalities, such as unconsciousness, immobility, non-responsiveness to externalstimuli, and lack of memory upon returning to consciousness. Sleep is regulated bycomplex interactions between wake-promoting and sleep-promoting neural circuits. Anestheticsexert their effects partly by inhibiting wake-promoting neurons or activating sleep-promotingneurons. Unconscious but arousable sedation is more related to sleep-wake circuitries,whereas unconscious and unarousable anesthesia is independent of them. Generalanesthesia is notable for its ability to decrease sleep propensity. Conversely, increasedsleep propensity due to insufficient sleep potentiates anesthetic effects. Taken together, it isplausible that sleep and anesthesia are closely related phenomena but not the same ones.Further investigations on the relationship between sleep and anesthesia are warranted.
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Chen ZK, Dong H, Liu CW, Liu WY, Zhao YN, Xu W, Sun X, Xiong YY, Liu YY, Yuan XS, Wang B, Lazarus M, Chérasse Y, Li YD, Han F, Qu WM, Ding FF, Huang ZL. A cluster of mesopontine GABAergic neurons suppresses REM sleep and curbs cataplexy. Cell Discov 2022; 8:115. [PMID: 36280664 PMCID: PMC9592589 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological rapid eye movement (REM) sleep termination is vital for initiating non-REM (NREM) sleep or arousal, whereas the suppression of excessive REM sleep is promising in treating narcolepsy. However, the neuronal mechanisms controlling REM sleep termination and keeping sleep continuation remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal a key brainstem region of GABAergic neurons in the control of both physiological REM sleep and cataplexy. Using fiber photometry and optic tetrode recording, we characterized the dorsal part of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (dDpMe) GABAergic neurons as REM relatively inactive and two different firing patterns under spontaneous sleep–wake cycles. Next, we investigated the roles of dDpMe GABAergic neuronal circuits in brain state regulation using optogenetics, RNA interference technology, and celltype-specific lesion. Physiologically, dDpMe GABAergic neurons causally suppressed REM sleep and promoted NREM sleep through the sublaterodorsal nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. In-depth studies of neural circuits revealed that sublaterodorsal nucleus glutamatergic neurons were essential for REM sleep termination by dDpMe GABAergic neurons. In addition, dDpMe GABAergic neurons efficiently suppressed cataplexy in a rodent model. Our results demonstrated that dDpMe GABAergic neurons controlled REM sleep termination along with REM/NREM transitions and represented a novel potential target to treat narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ka Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ying Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yu Xiong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Yuan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoan Chérasse
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Han
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Fei Ding
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Differential pharmacological and sex-specific effects of antimuscarinic agents at the hypoglossal motor nucleus in vivo in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14896. [PMID: 36050440 PMCID: PMC9437041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful cholinergic-noradrenergic pharmacotherapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to be due to effects at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN). Clinical efficacy varies with muscarinic-receptor (MR) subtype affinities. We hypothesized that oxybutynin (cholinergic agent in successful OSA pharmacotherapy) is an effective MR antagonist at the HMN and characterized its efficacy with other antagonists. We recorded tongue muscle activity of isoflurane anesthetized rats (121 males and 60 females, 7–13 per group across 13 protocols) in response to HMN microperfusion with MR antagonists with and without: (i) eserine-induced increased endogenous acetylcholine at the HMN and (ii) muscarine. Eserine-induced increased acetylcholine decreased tongue motor activity (p < 0.001) with lesser cholinergic suppression in females versus males (p = 0.017). Motor suppression was significantly attenuated by the MR antagonists atropine, oxybutynin, and omadacycline (MR2 antagonist), each p < 0.001, with similar residual activity between agents (p ≥ 0.089) suggesting similar efficacy at the HMN. Sex differences remained with atropine and oxybutynin (p < 0.001 to 0.05) but not omadacycline (p = 0.722). Muscarine at the HMN also decreased motor activity (p < 0.001) but this was not sex-specific (p = 0.849). These findings have translational relevance to antimuscarinic agents in OSA pharmacotherapy and understanding potential sex differences in HMN suppression with increased endogenous acetylcholine related to sparing nicotinic excitation.
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Bukhtiyarova O, Chauvette S, Seigneur J, Timofeev I. Brain states in freely behaving marmosets. Sleep 2022; 45:6586531. [PMID: 35576961 PMCID: PMC9366652 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives We evaluated common marmosets as a perspective animal model to study human sleep and wake states. Methods Using wireless neurologger recordings, we performed longitudinal multichannel local field potential (LFP) cortical, hippocampal, neck muscle, and video recordings in three freely behaving marmosets. The brain states were formally identified using self-organizing maps. Results Marmosets were generally awake during the day with occasional 1–2 naps, and they slept during the night. Major electrographic patterns fall in five clearly distinguished categories: wakefulness, drowsiness, light and deep NREM sleep, and REM. Marmosets typically had 14–16 sleep cycles per night, with either gradually increasing or relatively low, but stable delta power within the cycle. Overall, the delta power decreased throughout the night sleep. Marmosets demonstrated prominent high amplitude somatosensory mu-rhythm (10–15 Hz), accompanied with neocortical ripples, and alternated with occipital alpha rhythm (10–15 Hz). NREM sleep was characterized with the presence of high amplitude slow waves, sleep spindles and ripples in neocortex, and sharp-wave-ripple complexes in CA1. Light and deep stages differed in levels of delta and sigma power and muscle tone. REM sleep was defined with low muscle tone and activated LFP with predominant beta-activity and rare spindle-like or mu-like events. Conclusions Multiple features of sleep–wake state distribution and electrographic patterns associated with behavioral states in marmosets closely match human states, although marmoset have shorter sleep cycles. This demonstrates that marmosets represent an excellent model to study origin of human electrographical rhythms and brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Université Laval , Québec (Québec) , Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre , Québec (Québec) , Canada
| | | | | | - Igor Timofeev
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Université Laval , Québec (Québec) , Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre , Québec (Québec) , Canada
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Rahaman SM, Chowdhury S, Mukai Y, Ono D, Yamaguchi H, Yamanaka A. Functional Interaction Between GABAergic Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Serotonergic Neurons in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:877054. [PMID: 35663550 PMCID: PMC9160575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.877054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have brain-wide projections and are involved in multiple behavioral and physiological functions. Here, we revealed the responsiveness of Gad67+ neurons in VTA (VTAGad67+) to various neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of sleep/wakefulness by slice patch clamp recording. Among the substances tested, a cholinergic agonist activated, but serotonin, dopamine and histamine inhibited these neurons. Dense VTAGad67+ neuronal projections were observed in brain areas regulating sleep/wakefulness, including the central amygdala (CeA), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and locus coeruleus (LC). Using a combination of electrophysiology and optogenetic studies, we showed that VTAGad67+ neurons inhibited all neurons recorded in the DRN, but did not inhibit randomly recorded neurons in the CeA and LC. Further examination revealed that the serotonergic neurons in the DRN (DRN5–HT) were monosynaptically innervated and inhibited by VTAGad67+ neurons. All recorded DRN5–HT neurons received inhibitory input from VTAGad67+ neurons, while only one quarter of them received inhibitory input from local GABAergic neurons. Gad67+ neurons in the DRN (DRNGad67+) also received monosynaptic inhibitory input from VTAGad67+ neurons. Taken together, we found that VTAGad67+ neurons were integrated in many inputs, and their output inhibits DRN5–HT neurons, which may regulate physiological functions including sleep/wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Srikanta Chowdhury
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yasutaka Mukai
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Akihiro Yamanaka,
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Högl B, Arnulf I, Bergmann M, Cesari M, Gan-Or Z, Heidbreder A, Iranzo A, Krohn L, Luppi PH, Mollenhauer B, Provini F, Santamaria J, Trenkwalder C, Videnovic A, Stefani A. Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: Past, present, and future. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13612. [PMID: 35470494 PMCID: PMC9541438 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents an overview of REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) with a special focus on European contributions. After an introduction examining the history of the disorder, we address the pathophysiological and clinical aspects, as well as the diagnostic issues. Further, implications of RBD diagnosis and biomarkers are discussed. Contributions of European researchers to this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Service des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Melanie Bergmann
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED:CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Centre of Neuroscience of Lyon, UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Federica Provini
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, UOC NeuroMet, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joan Santamaria
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED:CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Videnovic
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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45
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Lewis LA, Urban CM, Hashim SA. A Non-Invasive Determination of Ketosis-Induced Elimination of Chronic Daytime Somnolence in a Patient with Late-Stage Dementia (Assessed with Type 3 Diabetes): A Potential Role of Neurogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 5:827-846. [PMID: 35088033 PMCID: PMC8764628 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study involved a female patient diagnosed with late-stage dementia, with chronic daytime somnolence (CDS) as a prominent symptom. Objective To explore whether her dementia resulted from Type 3 diabetes, and whether it could be reversed through ketosis therapy. Methods A ketogenic diet (KD) generating low-dose 100 μM Blood Ketone Levels (BKL) enhanced by a brief Ketone Mono Ester (KME) regimen with high-dose 2-4 mM BKLs was used. Results Three sets of data describe relief (assessed by % days awake) from CDS: 1) incremental, slow, time-dependent KD plus KME-induced sigmoid curve responses which resulted in partial wakefulness (0-40% in 255 days) and complete wakefulness (40-85% in 50 days); 2) both levels of wakefulness were shown to be permanent; 3) initial permanent relief from CDS with low-dose ketosis from 6.7% to 40% took 87 days. Subsequent low-dose recovery from illness-induced CDS (6.9% to 40%) took 10 days. We deduce that the first restoration involved permanent repair, and the second energized the repaired circuits. Conclusion The results suggest a role for ketosis in the elimination of CDS with the permanent functional restoration of the awake neural circuits of the Sleep-Wake cycle. We discuss whether available evidence supports ketosis-induced bioenergetics alone or whether other mechanisms of functional renewal were the basis for the elimination of CDS. Given evidence for permanent repair, two direct links between ketosis and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain are discussed: Ketosis-induced 1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor, resulting in neural progenitor/stem cell proliferation, and 2) mitochondrial bioenergetics-induced stem cell biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Lewis
- York College of the City University of New York, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carl M Urban
- Department of Medicine, The Dr. James J. Rahal, Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Presbyterian/Queens, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Sami A Hashim
- Division of Endocrinology, Mt. Sinai Morningside, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Mizrahi-Kliger AD, Feldmann LK, Kühn AA, Bergman H. Etiologies of insomnia in Parkinson's disease - Lessons from human studies and animal models. Exp Neurol 2022; 350:113976. [PMID: 35026228 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are integral to Parkinson's disease (PD). Insomnia, an inability to maintain stable sleep, affects most patients and is widely rated as one of the most debilitating facets of this disease. PD insomnia is often perceived as a multifactorial entity - a consequence of several of the disease symptoms, comorbidities and therapeutic strategies. Yet, this view evolved against a backdrop of a relative scarcity of works trying to directly dissect the underlying neural correlates and mechanisms in animal models. The last years have seen the emergence of a wealth of new evidence regarding the neural underpinnings of insomnia in PD. Here, we review early and recent reports from patients and animal models evaluating the etiology of PD insomnia. We start by outlining the phenomenology of PD insomnia and continue to analyze the evidence supporting insomnia as emanating from four distinct subdivisions of etiologies - the symptoms and comorbidities of the disease, the medical therapy, the degeneration of non-dopaminergic cell groups and subsequent alterations in circadian rhythms, and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem and its resulting effect on the basal ganglia. Finally, we review emerging neuromodulation-based therapeutic avenues for PD insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv D Mizrahi-Kliger
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Lucia K Feldmann
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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47
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Kubin L. Breathing during sleep. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 188:179-199. [PMID: 35965026 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91534-2.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The depth, rate, and regularity of breathing change following transition from wakefulness to sleep. Interactions between sleep and breathing involve direct effects of the central mechanisms that generate sleep states exerted at multiple respiratory regulatory sites, such as the central respiratory pattern generator, respiratory premotor pathways, and motoneurons that innervate the respiratory pump and upper airway muscles, as well as effects secondary to sleep-related changes in metabolism. This chapter discusses respiratory effects of sleep as they occur under physiologic conditions. Breathing and central respiratory neuronal activities during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and REM sleep are characterized in relation to activity of central wake-active and sleep-active neurons. Consideration is given to the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome because in this common disorder, state-dependent control of upper airway patency by upper airway muscles attains high significance and recurrent arousals from sleep are triggered by hypercapnic and hypoxic episodes. Selected clinical trials are discussed in which pharmacological interventions targeted transmission in noradrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and other state-dependent pathways identified as mediators of ventilatory changes during sleep. Central pathways for arousals elicited by chemical stimulation of breathing are given special attention for their important role in sleep loss and fragmentation in sleep-related respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Kubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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48
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Luquin E, Paternain B, Zugasti I, Santomá C, Mengual E. Stereological estimations and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GABAA and GABAB receptors in the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:89-110. [PMID: 34510281 PMCID: PMC8741722 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To better understand GABAergic transmission at two targets of basal ganglia downstream projections, the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal (LDT) tegmental nuclei, the anatomical localization of GABAA and GABAB receptors was investigated in both nuclei. Specifically, the total number of neurons expressing the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit (GABAAR γ2) and the GABAB receptor R2 subunit (GABAB R2) in PPN and LDT was estimated using stereological methods, and the neurochemical phenotype of cells expressing each subunit was also determined. The mean number of non-cholinergic cells expressing GABAAR γ2 was 9850 ± 1856 in the PPN and 8285 ± 962 in the LDT, whereas those expressing GABAB R2 were 7310 ± 1970 and 9170 ± 1900 in the PPN and LDT, respectively. In addition, all cholinergic neurons in both nuclei co-expressed GABAAR γ2 and 95-98% of them co-expressed GABAB R2. Triple labeling using in situ hybridization revealed that 77% of GAD67 mRNA-positive cells in the PPT and 49% in the LDT expressed GABAAR γ2, while 90% (PPN) and 65% (LDT) of Vglut2 mRNA-positive cells also expressed GABAAR γ2. In contrast, a similar proportion (~2/3) of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells co-expressed GABAB R2 in both nuclei. The heterogeneous distribution of GABAAR and GABABR among non-cholinergic cells in PPN and LDT may give rise to physiological differences within each neurochemical subpopulation. In addition, the dissimilar proportion of GABAAR γ2-expressing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the PPN and LDT may contribute to some of the functional differences found between the two nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Luquin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Paternain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés Zugasti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Santomá
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Bostanciklioğlu M. Neuromodulation of Memory Formation and Extinction. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 17:319-326. [PMID: 32316891 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999200421202818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory retrieval is mediated by discharges of acetylcholine, glutamate, gammaaminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, and serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine circuits. These projections and memory interact through engram circuits, neurobiological traces of memory. Increased excitability in engram circuits of the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus results in remote and recent memory retrievals, respectively. However, due to degenerated neurotransmitter projections, the excitability state of engram circuits is decreased in the patient with dementia; and thus, acquired- memory cannot be retrieved by natural cues. Here, we suggest that artificial neuropharmacological stimulations of the acquired-memory with an excitation potential higher than a natural cue can excite engram circuits in the medial prefrontal cortex, which results in the retrieval of lost memories in dementia. The neuropharmacological foundations of engram cell-mediated memory retrieval strategy in severe dementia, in line with this has also been explained. We particularly highlighted the close interactions between periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei, and medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala as treatment targets for memory loss. Furthermore, the engram circuits projecting raphe nuclei, locus coeruleus, and pontomesencephalic tegmentum complex could be significant targets of memory editing and memory formation in the absence of experience, and a well-defined study of the neural events underlying the interaction of brain stem and memory will be relevant for such developments. We anticipate our perspective to be a starting point for more sophisticated in vivo models for neuropharmacological modulations of memory retrieval in Alzheimer's dementia.
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Rivera-Perez LM, Kwapiszewski JT, Roberts MT. α 3β 4 ∗ Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Strongly Modulate the Excitability of VIP Neurons in the Mouse Inferior Colliculus. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:709387. [PMID: 34434092 PMCID: PMC8381226 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.709387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the central auditory system, receives extensive cholinergic input from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the IC can alter acoustic processing and enhance auditory task performance. However, how nAChRs affect the excitability of specific classes of IC neurons remains unknown. Recently, we identified vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons as a distinct class of glutamatergic principal neurons in the IC. Here, in experiments using male and female mice, we show that cholinergic terminals are routinely located adjacent to the somas and dendrites of VIP neurons. Using whole-cell electrophysiology in brain slices, we found that acetylcholine drives surprisingly strong and long-lasting excitation and inward currents in VIP neurons. This excitation was unaffected by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine. Application of nAChR antagonists revealed that acetylcholine excites VIP neurons mainly via activation of α3β4∗ nAChRs, a nAChR subtype that is rare in the brain. Furthermore, we show that acetylcholine excites VIP neurons directly and does not require intermediate activation of presynaptic inputs that might express nAChRs. Lastly, we found that low frequency trains of acetylcholine puffs elicited temporal summation in VIP neurons, suggesting that in vivo-like patterns of cholinergic input can reshape activity for prolonged periods. These results reveal the first cellular mechanisms of nAChR regulation in the IC, identify a functional role for α3β4∗ nAChRs in the auditory system, and suggest that cholinergic input can potently influence auditory processing by increasing excitability in VIP neurons and their postsynaptic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Rivera-Perez
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julia T Kwapiszewski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael T Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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