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Vinci M, Vitello GA, Greco D, Treccarichi S, Ragalmuto A, Musumeci A, Fallea A, Federico C, Calì F, Saccone S, Elia M. Next Generation Sequencing and Electromyography Reveal the Involvement of the P2RX6 Gene in Myopathy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1150-1163. [PMID: 38392191 PMCID: PMC10887510 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channelopathies result from impaired ion channel protein function, due to mutations affecting ion transport across cell membranes. Over 40 diseases, including neuropathy, pain, migraine, epilepsy, and ataxia, are associated with ion channelopathies, impacting electrically excitable tissues and significantly affecting skeletal muscle. Gene mutations affecting transmembrane ionic flow are strongly linked to skeletal muscle disorders, particularly myopathies, disrupting muscle excitability and contraction. Electromyography (EMG) analysis performed on a patient who complained of weakness and fatigue revealed the presence of primary muscular damage, suggesting an early-stage myopathy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) did not detect potentially causative variants in known myopathy-associated genes but revealed a novel homozygous deletion of the P2RX6 gene likely disrupting protein function. The P2RX6 gene, predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, is an ATP-gated ion channel receptor belonging to the purinergic receptors (P2RX) family. In addition, STRING pathways suggested a correlation with more proteins having a plausible role in myopathy. No previous studies have reported the implication of this gene in myopathy. Further studies are needed on patients with a defective ion channel pathway, and the use of in vitro functional assays in suppressing P2RX6 gene expression will be required to validate its functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Concetta Federico
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
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McMahon KL, Vetter I, Schroeder CI. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibition by µ-Conotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:55. [PMID: 38251271 PMCID: PMC10819908 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
µ-Conotoxins are small, potent pore-blocker inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, which have been identified as pharmacological probes and putative leads for analgesic development. A limiting factor in their therapeutic development has been their promiscuity for different NaV channel subtypes, which can lead to undesirable side-effects. This review will focus on four areas of µ-conotoxin research: (1) mapping the interactions of µ-conotoxins with different NaV channel subtypes, (2) µ-conotoxin structure-activity relationship studies, (3) observed species selectivity of µ-conotoxins and (4) the effects of µ-conotoxin disulfide connectivity on activity. Our aim is to provide a clear overview of the current status of µ-conotoxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L. McMahon
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christina I. Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Feng T, Makiello P, Dunwoody B, Steckler F, Symonds JD, Zuberi SM, Dorris L, Brunklaus A. Long-term predictors of developmental outcome and disease burden in SCN1A-positive Dravet syndrome. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae004. [PMID: 38229878 PMCID: PMC10789590 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a severe infantile onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with mutations in the sodium channel alpha 1 subunit gene SCN1A. Prospective data on long-term developmental and clinical outcomes are limited; this study seeks to evaluate the clinical course of Dravet syndrome over a 10-year period and identify predictors of developmental outcome. SCN1A mutation-positive Dravet syndrome patients were prospectively followed up in the UK from 2010 to 2020. Caregivers completed structured questionnaires on clinical features and disease burden; the Epilepsy & Learning Disability Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Adaptive Behavioural Assessment System-3 and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Sixty-eight of 113 caregivers (60%) returned posted questionnaires. Developmental outcome worsened at follow-up (4.45 [SD 0.65], profound cognitive impairment) compared to baseline (2.9 [SD 1.1], moderate cognitive impairment, P < 0.001), whereas epilepsy severity appeared less severe at 10-year follow-up (P = 0.042). Comorbidities were more apparent at 10-year outcome including an increase in autistic features (77% [48/62] versus 30% [17/57], χ2 = 19.9, P < 0.001), behavioural problems (81% [46/57] versus 38% [23/60], χ2 = 14.1, P < 0.001) and motor/mobility problems (80% [51/64] versus 41% [24/59], χ2 = 16.9, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a more significant rise in comorbidities in younger compared to older patients. Predictors of worse long-term developmental outcome included poorer baseline language ability (P < 0.001), more severe baseline epilepsy severity (P = 0.003) and a worse SCN1A genetic score (P = 0.027). Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy had not been discussed with a medical professional in 35% (24/68) of participants. Over 90% of caregivers reported a negative impact on their own health and career opportunities. Our study identifies important predictors and potential biomarkers of developmental outcome in Dravet syndrome and emphasizes the significant caregiver burden of illness. The negative impact of epilepsy severity at baseline on long-term developmental outcomes highlights the importance of implementing early and focused therapies whilst the potential impact of newer anti-seizure medications requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Feng
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Phoebe Makiello
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Benjamin Dunwoody
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Felix Steckler
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Joseph D Symonds
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Liam Dorris
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Andreas Brunklaus
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byres Road, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Office Block, Level 0, Zone 1, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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Min Q, Gao Y, Wang Y. Bioelectricity in dental medicine: a narrative review. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38172866 PMCID: PMC10765628 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectric signals, whether exogenous or endogenous, play crucial roles in the life processes of organisms. Recently, the significance of bioelectricity in the field of dentistry is steadily gaining greater attention. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to comprehensively outline the theory, physiological effects, and practical applications of bioelectricity in dental medicine and to offer insights into its potential future direction. It attempts to provide dental clinicians and researchers with an electrophysiological perspective to enhance their clinical practice or fundamental research endeavors. METHODS An online computer search for relevant literature was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, with the keywords "bioelectricity, endogenous electric signal, electric stimulation, dental medicine." RESULTS Eventually, 288 documents were included for review. The variance in ion concentration between the interior and exterior of the cell membrane, referred to as transmembrane potential, forms the fundamental basis of bioelectricity. Transmembrane potential has been established as an essential regulator of intercellular communication, mechanotransduction, migration, proliferation, and immune responses. Thus, exogenous electric stimulation can significantly alter cellular action by affecting transmembrane potential. In the field of dental medicine, electric stimulation has proven useful for assessing pulp condition, locating root apices, improving the properties of dental biomaterials, expediting orthodontic tooth movement, facilitating implant osteointegration, addressing maxillofacial malignancies, and managing neuromuscular dysfunction. Furthermore, the reprogramming of bioelectric signals holds promise as a means to guide organism development and intervene in disease processes. Besides, the development of high-throughput electrophysiological tools will be imperative for identifying ion channel targets and precisely modulating bioelectricity in the future. CONCLUSIONS Bioelectricity has found application in various concepts of dental medicine but large-scale, standardized, randomized controlled clinical trials are still necessary in the future. In addition, the precise, repeatable and predictable measurement and modulation methods of bioelectric signal patterns are essential research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Min
- Department of Endodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- Department of Endodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Implantology, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Allam S, Levenson-Palmer R, Chia Chang Z, Kaur S, Cernuda B, Raman A, Booth A, Dobbins S, Suppa G, Yang J, Buraei Z. Inactivation influences the extent of inhibition of voltage-gated Ca +2 channels by Gem-implications for channelopathies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1155976. [PMID: 37654674 PMCID: PMC10466392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1155976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) directly control muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release, and slower processes such as cell differentiation, migration, and death. They are potently inhibited by RGK GTP-ases (Rem, Rem2, Rad, and Gem/Kir), which decrease Ca2+ channel membrane expression, as well as directly inhibit membrane-resident channels. The mechanisms of membrane-resident channel inhibition are difficult to study because RGK-overexpression causes complete or near complete channel inhibition. Using titrated levels of Gem expression in Xenopus oocytes to inhibit WT P/Q-type calcium channels by ∼50%, we show that inhibition is dependent on channel inactivation. Interestingly, fast-inactivating channels, including Familial Hemiplegic Migraine mutants, are more potently inhibited than WT channels, while slow-inactivating channels, such as those expressed with the Cavβ2a auxiliary subunit, are spared. We found similar results in L-type channels, and, remarkably, Timothy Syndrome mutant channels were insensitive to Gem inhibition. Further results suggest that RGKs slow channel recovery from inactivation and further implicate RGKs as likely modulating factors in channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Allam
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rose Levenson-Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Sukhjinder Kaur
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bryan Cernuda
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ananya Raman
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Audrey Booth
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Dobbins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabrielle Suppa
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zafir Buraei
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
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Silva-Cardoso GK, N'Gouemo P. Seizure-suppressor genes: can they help spearhead the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for epilepsy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:657-664. [PMID: 37589085 PMCID: PMC10528013 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2248375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsies are disorders of neuronal excitability characterized by spontaneously recurrent focal and generalized seizures, some of which result from genetic mutations. Despite the availability of antiseizure medications, pharmaco-resistant epilepsy is seen in about 23% of epileptic patients worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies for epilepsies. Several epilepsy-associated genes have been found in humans. Seizure susceptibility can also be induced in Drosophila mutants, some showing features resembling human epilepsies. Interestingly, several second-site mutation gene products have been found to suppress seizure susceptibility in the seizure genetic model Drosophila. Thus, these so-called 'seizure-suppressor' gene variants may lead to developing a novel class of antiseizure medications. AREA COVERED This review evaluates the potential therapeutic of seizure-suppressor gene variants. EXPERT OPINION Studies on epilepsy-associated genes have allowed analyses of mutations linked to human epilepsy by reproducing these mutations in Drosophila using reverse genetics to generate potential antiseizure therapeutics. As a result, about fifteen seizure-suppressor gene mutants have been identified. Furthermore, some of these epilepsy gene mutations affect ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels. Therefore, a better understanding of the antiseizure activity of seizure-suppressor genes is essential in advancing gene therapy and precision medicine for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Ding X, Rubby MF, Que S, Uchayash S, Que L. Facile Process for Fabrication of Silicon Micro-Nanostructures of Different Shapes as Molds for Fabricating Flexible Micro-Nanostructures and Wearable Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12202-12208. [PMID: 36808523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to fabricate silicon micro-nanostructures of different shapes by tuning the number of layers and the sizes of self-assembled polystyrene beads, which serve as the mask, and by tuning the reactive ion etching (RIE) time. This process is simple, scalable, and inexpensive without using any sophisticated nanomanufacturing equipment. Specifically, in this work, we demonstrate the proposed process by fabricating silicon micro- or nanoflowers, micro- or nanobells, nanopyramids, and nanotriangles using a self-assembled monolayer or bilayer of polystyrene beads as the mask. We also fabricate flexible micro-nanostructures by using silicon molds with micro-nanostructures. Finally, we demonstrate the fabrication of bandage-type electrochemical sensors with micro-nanostructured working electrodes for detecting dopamine, a neurotransmitter related to stress and neurodegenerative diseases in artificial sweat. All these demonstrations indicate that the proposed process provides a low-cost, easy-to-use approach for fabricating silicon micro-nanostructures and flexible micro-nanostructures, thus paving a way for developing wearable micro-nanostructures enabled sensors for a variety of applications in an efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Ding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Md Fazlay Rubby
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Suya Que
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sajid Uchayash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Long Que
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Ehtesham N, Mosallaei M, Beheshtian M, Khoshbakht S, Fadaee M, Vazehan R, Faraji Zonooz M, Karimzadeh P, Kahrizi K, Najmabadi H. Characterizing Genotypes and Phenotypes Associated with Dysfunction of Channel-Encoding Genes in a Cohort of Patients with Intellectual Disability. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:788-797. [PMID: 37543906 PMCID: PMC10685845 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channel dysfunction in the brain can lead to impairment of neuronal membranes and generate several neurological diseases, especially neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS In this study, we set out to delineate the genotype and phenotype spectrums of 14 Iranian patients from 7 families with intellectual disability (ID) and/or developmental delay (DD) in whom genetic mutations were identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 7 channel-encoding genes: KCNJ10, KCNQ3, KCNK6, CACNA1C, CACNA1G, SCN8A, and GRIN2B. Moreover, the data of 340 previously fully reported ID and/or DD cases with a mutation in any of these seven genes were combined with our patients to clarify the genotype and phenotype spectrum in this group. RESULTS In total, the most common phenotypes in 354 cases with ID/DD in whom mutation in any of these 7 channel-encoding genes was identified were as follows: ID (77.4%), seizure (69.8%), DD (59.8%), behavioral abnormality (29.9%), hypotonia (21.7%), speech disorder (21.5%), gait disturbance (20.9%), and ataxia (20.3%). Electroencephalography abnormality (33.9%) was the major brain imaging abnormality. CONCLUSION The results of this study broaden the molecular spectrum of channel pathogenic variants associated with different clinical presentations in individuals with ID and/or DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrouz Khoshbakht
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fadaee
- Kariminejad – Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Vazehan
- Kariminejad – Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvaneh Karimzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Pediatric Neurology Research Center, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Kariminejad – Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
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Shen KF, Yue J, Wu ZF, Wu KF, Zhu G, Yang XL, Wang ZK, Wang J, Liu SY, Yang H, Zhang CQ. Fibroblast growth factor 13 is involved in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5259-5272. [PMID: 35195262 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy in adults, with pathological mechanisms remaining to be fully elucidated. Fibroblast Growth Factor 13 (FGF13) encodes an intracellular protein involved in microtubule stabilization and regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) function. FGF13 mutation has been identified in patients with inherent seizure, suggesting a potential association between FGF13 and the etiology of TLE. Here, we set to explore the pathological role of FGF13 in the etiology of TLE. RESULTS We found that the expression of FGF13 was increased in the cortical lesions and CA1 region of sclerotic hippocampus and correlated with the seizure frequency in TLE patients. Also, Fgf13 expression was increased in the hippocampus of chronic TLE mice generated by kainic acid (KA) injection. Furthermore, Fgf13 knockdown or overexpression was respectively found to attenuate or potentiate the effects of KA on axonal length, somatic area and the VGSCs-mediated current in the hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that FGF13 is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE by modulating microtubule activity and neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiong Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Department of Pedatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ke-Fu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhong-Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Henan Provincial People's hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450008, China.,Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
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Kolesnikova TO, Demin KA, Costa FV, Zabegalov KN, de Abreu MS, Gerasimova EV, Kalueff AV. Towards Zebrafish Models of CNS Channelopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213979. [PMID: 36430455 PMCID: PMC9693542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Channelopathies are a large group of systemic disorders whose pathogenesis is associated with dysfunctional ion channels. Aberrant transmembrane transport of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Cl- by these channels in the brain induces central nervous system (CNS) channelopathies, most commonly including epilepsy, but also migraine, as well as various movement and psychiatric disorders. Animal models are a useful tool for studying pathogenesis of a wide range of brain disorders, including channelopathies. Complementing multiple well-established rodent models, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular translational model organism for neurobiology, psychopharmacology and toxicology research, and for probing mechanisms underlying CNS pathogenesis. Here, we discuss current prospects and challenges of developing genetic, pharmacological and other experimental models of major CNS channelopathies based on zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin A. Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fabiano V. Costa
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354349 Sochi, Russia
| | | | - Murilo S. de Abreu
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.S.d.A.); (A.V.K.); Tel.: +55-54-99605-9807 (M.S.d.A.); +1-240-899-9571 (A.V.K.); Fax: +1-240-899-9571 (A.V.K.)
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354349 Sochi, Russia
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- Neurobiology Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354349 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.S.d.A.); (A.V.K.); Tel.: +55-54-99605-9807 (M.S.d.A.); +1-240-899-9571 (A.V.K.); Fax: +1-240-899-9571 (A.V.K.)
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11
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Jiang D, Zhang J, Xia Z. Structural Advances in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908867. [PMID: 35721169 PMCID: PMC9204039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are responsible for the rapid rising-phase of action potentials in excitable cells. Over 1,000 mutations in NaV channels are associated with human diseases including epilepsy, periodic paralysis, arrhythmias and pain disorders. Natural toxins and clinically-used small-molecule drugs bind to NaV channels and modulate their functions. Recent advances from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of NaV channels reveal invaluable insights into the architecture, activation, fast inactivation, electromechanical coupling, ligand modulation and pharmacology of eukaryotic NaV channels. These structural analyses not only demonstrate molecular mechanisms for NaV channel structure and function, but also provide atomic level templates for rational development of potential subtype-selective therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent structural advances of eukaryotic NaV channels, highlighting the structural features of eukaryotic NaV channels as well as distinct modulation mechanisms by a wide range of modulators from natural toxins to synthetic small-molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Daohua Jiang,
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanyi Xia
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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N-type fast inactivation of a eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2713. [PMID: 35581266 PMCID: PMC9114117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels initiate action potentials. Fast inactivation of NaV channels, mediated by an Ile-Phe-Met motif, is crucial for preventing hyperexcitability and regulating firing frequency. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structure of NaVEh from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, which reveals an unexpected molecular gating mechanism for NaV channel fast inactivation independent of the Ile-Phe-Met motif. An N-terminal helix of NaVEh plugs into the open activation gate and blocks it. The binding pose of the helix is stabilized by multiple electrostatic interactions. Deletion of the helix or mutations blocking the electrostatic interactions completely abolished the fast inactivation. These strong interactions enable rapid inactivation, but also delay recovery from fast inactivation, which is ~160-fold slower than human NaV channels. Together, our results provide mechanistic insights into fast inactivation of NaVEh that fundamentally differs from the conventional local allosteric inhibition, revealing both surprising structural diversity and functional conservation of ion channel inactivation.
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13
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Structural basis for modulation of human NaV1.3 by clinical drug and selective antagonist. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1286. [PMID: 35277491 PMCID: PMC8917200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels play fundamental roles in initiating and propagating action potentials. NaV1.3 is involved in numerous physiological processes including neuronal development, hormone secretion and pain perception. Here we report structures of human NaV1.3/β1/β2 in complex with clinically-used drug bulleyaconitine A and selective antagonist ICA121431. Bulleyaconitine A is located around domain I-II fenestration, providing the detailed view of the site-2 neurotoxin binding site. It partially blocks ion path and expands the pore-lining helices, elucidating how the bulleyaconitine A reduces peak amplitude but improves channel open probability. In contrast, ICA121431 preferentially binds to activated domain IV voltage-sensor, consequently strengthens the Ile-Phe-Met motif binding to its receptor site, stabilizes the channel in inactivated state, revealing an allosterically inhibitory mechanism of NaV channels. Our results provide structural details of distinct small-molecular modulators binding sites, elucidate molecular mechanisms of their action on NaV channels and pave a way for subtype-selective therapeutic development. NaV1.3 is involved in neuronal development, hormone secretion and pain perception. Here, the authors elucidate the molecular mechanism for modulation of NaV1.3 by a site-2 neurotoxin bulleyaconitine A and a subtype selective antagonist ICA121431.
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14
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MacKenzie TMG, Abderemane-Ali F, Garrison CE, Minor DL, Bois JD. Differential effects of modified batrachotoxins on voltage-gated sodium channel fast and slow inactivation. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:615-624.e5. [PMID: 34963066 PMCID: PMC9035044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are targets for a number of acute poisons. Many of these agents act as allosteric modulators of channel activity and serve as powerful chemical tools for understanding channel function. Herein, we detail studies with batrachotoxin (BTX), a potent steroidal amine, and three ester derivatives prepared through de novo synthesis against recombinant NaV subtypes (rNaV1.4 and hNaV1.5). Two of these compounds, BTX-B and BTX-cHx, are functionally equivalent to BTX, hyperpolarizing channel activation and blocking both fast and slow inactivation. BTX-yne-a C20-n-heptynoate ester-is a conspicuous outlier, eliminating fast but not slow inactivation. This property differentiates BTX-yne among other NaV modulators as a unique reagent that separates inactivation processes. These findings are supported by functional studies with bacterial NaVs (BacNaVs) that lack a fast inactivation gate. The availability of BTX-yne should advance future efforts aimed at understanding NaV gating mechanisms and designing allosteric regulators of NaV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M G MacKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fayal Abderemane-Ali
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Box 3122, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, Rm. 452Z, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA
| | - Catherine E Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel L Minor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Box 3122, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, Rm. 452Z, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-9001, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bio-imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Layer N, Sonnenberg L, Pardo González E, Benda J, Hedrich UBS, Lerche H, Koch H, Wuttke TV. Dravet Variant SCN1A A1783V Impairs Interneuron Firing Predominantly by Altered Channel Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:754530. [PMID: 34776868 PMCID: PMC8581729 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.754530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy mainly caused by functional NaV1.1 haploinsufficiency in inhibitory interneurons. Recently, a new conditional mouse model expressing the recurrent human p.(Ala1783Val) missense variant has become available. In this study, we provided an electrophysiological characterization of this variant in tsA201 cells, revealing both altered voltage-dependence of activation and slow inactivation without reduced sodium peak current density. Based on these data, simulated interneuron (IN) firing properties in a conductance-based single-compartment model suggested surprisingly similar firing deficits for NaV1.1A1783V and full haploinsufficiency as caused by heterozygous truncation variants. Impaired NaV1.1A1783V channel activation was predicted to have a significantly larger impact on channel function than altered slow inactivation and is therefore proposed as the main mechanism underlying IN dysfunction. The computational model was validated in cortical organotypic slice cultures derived from conditional Scn1aA1783V mice. Pan-neuronal activation of the p.Ala1783V in vitro confirmed a predicted IN firing deficit and revealed an accompanying reduction of interneuronal input resistance while demonstrating normal excitability of pyramidal neurons. Altered input resistance was fed back into the model for further refinement. Taken together these data demonstrate that primary loss of function (LOF) gating properties accompanied by altered membrane characteristics may match effects of full haploinsufficiency on the neuronal level despite maintaining physiological peak current density, thereby causing DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Layer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Sonnenberg
- Institute for Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emilio Pardo González
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Benda
- Institute for Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls Universitat, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B S Hedrich
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Epileptology, Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas V Wuttke
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Zeidler M, Kummer KK, Schöpf CL, Kalpachidou T, Kern G, Cader MZ, Kress M. NOCICEPTRA: Gene and microRNA Signatures and Their Trajectories Characterizing Human iPSC-Derived Nociceptor Maturation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102354. [PMID: 34486248 PMCID: PMC8564443 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nociceptors are primary afferent neurons serving the reception of acute pain but also the transit into maladaptive pain disorders. Since native human nociceptors are hardly available for mechanistic functional research, and rodent models do not necessarily mirror human pathologies in all aspects, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors (iDN) offer superior advantages as a human model system. Unbiased mRNA::microRNA co-sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, and qPCR validations, reveal expression trajectories as well as miRNA target spaces throughout the transition of pluripotent cells into iDNs. mRNA and miRNA candidates emerge as regulatory hubs for neurite outgrowth, synapse development, and ion channel expression. The exploratory data analysis tool NOCICEPTRA is provided as a containerized platform to retrieve experimentally determined expression trajectories, and to query custom gene sets for pathway and disease enrichments. Querying NOCICEPTRA for marker genes of cortical neurogenesis reveals distinct similarities and differences for cortical and peripheral neurons. The platform provides a public domain neuroresource to exploit the entire data sets and explore miRNA and mRNA as hubs regulating human nociceptor differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zeidler
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Kai K. Kummer
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Clemens L. Schöpf
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | | | - Georg Kern
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - M. Zameel Cader
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 9DSUK
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of PhysiologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
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17
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Ashrafuzzaman M. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Ion Channel Bioinformatics. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090672. [PMID: 34564489 PMCID: PMC8467682 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are linked to important cellular processes. For more than half a century, we have been learning various structural and functional aspects of ion channels using biological, physiological, biochemical, and biophysical principles and techniques. In recent days, bioinformaticians and biophysicists having the necessary expertise and interests in computer science techniques including versatile algorithms have started covering a multitude of physiological aspects including especially evolution, mutations, and genomics of functional channels and channel subunits. In these focused research areas, the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms and associated models have been found very popular. With the help of available articles and information, this review provide an introduction to this novel research trend. Ion channel understanding is usually made considering the structural and functional perspectives, gating mechanisms, transport properties, channel protein mutations, etc. Focused research on ion channels and related findings over many decades accumulated huge data which may be utilized in a specialized scientific manner to fast conclude pinpointed aspects of channels. AI, ML, and DL techniques and models may appear as helping tools. This review aims at explaining the ways we may use the bioinformatics techniques and thus draw a few lines across the avenue to let the ion channel features appear clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Mathie A, Veale EL, Golluscio A, Holden RG, Walsh Y. Pharmacological Approaches to Studying Potassium Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:83-111. [PMID: 34195873 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the pharmacology of potassium channels from the perspective of these channels as therapeutic targets. Firstly, we describe the three main families of potassium channels in humans and disease states where they are implicated. Secondly, we describe the existing therapeutic agents which act on potassium channels and outline why these channels represent an under-exploited therapeutic target with potential for future drug development. Thirdly, we consider the evidence desired in order to embark on a drug discovery programme targeting a particular potassium channel. We have chosen two "case studies": activators of the two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel TREK-2 (K2P10.1), for the treatment of pain and inhibitors of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3, for use in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We describe the evidence base to suggest why these are viable therapeutic targets. Finally, we detail the main technical approaches available to characterise the pharmacology of potassium channels and identify novel regulatory compounds. We draw particular attention to the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay initiative (CiPA, https://cipaproject.org ) project for cardiac safety, as an example of what might be both desirable and possible in the future, for ion channel regulator discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK. .,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK. .,School of Engineering, Arts, Science and Technology, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK.
| | - Emma L Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Alessia Golluscio
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Robyn G Holden
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Walsh
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK.,Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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19
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Transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis unmasks recessive insecticide resistance in the aphid Myzus persicae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100559118. [PMID: 34074777 PMCID: PMC8201860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100559118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of resistance to insecticides threatens the sustainable control of many of the world's most damaging insect crop pests and disease vectors. To effectively combat resistance, it is important to understand its underlying genetic architecture, including the type and number of genetic variants affecting resistance and their interactions with each other and the environment. While significant progress has been made in characterizing the individual genes or mutations leading to resistance, our understanding of how genetic variants interact to influence its phenotypic expression remains poor. Here, we uncover a mechanism of insecticide resistance resulting from transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis of a genetically dominant but insecticide-susceptible allele that enables the adaptive potential of a previously unavailable recessive resistance allele to be unlocked. Specifically, we identify clones of the aphid pest Myzus persicae that carry a resistant allele of the essential voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene with the recessive M918T and L1014F resistance mutations, in combination with an allele lacking these mutations but carrying a Mutator-like element transposon insertion that disrupts the coding sequence of the VGSC. This results in the down-regulation of the dominant susceptible allele and monoallelic expression of the recessive resistant allele, rendering the clones resistant to the insecticide bifenthrin. These findings are a powerful example of how transposable elements can provide a source of evolutionary potential that can be revealed by environmental and genetic perturbation, with applied implications for the control of highly damaging insect pests.
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20
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Safina BS, McKerrall SJ, Sun S, Chen CA, Chowdhury S, Jia Q, Li J, Zenova AY, Andrez JC, Bankar G, Bergeron P, Chang JH, Chang E, Chen J, Dean R, Decker SM, DiPasquale A, Focken T, Hemeon I, Khakh K, Kim A, Kwan R, Lindgren A, Lin S, Maher J, Mezeyova J, Misner D, Nelkenbrecher K, Pang J, Reese R, Shields SD, Sojo L, Sheng T, Verschoof H, Waldbrook M, Wilson MS, Xie Z, Young C, Zabka TS, Hackos DH, Ortwine DF, White AD, Johnson JP, Robinette CL, Dehnhardt CM, Cohen CJ, Sutherlin DP. Discovery of Acyl-sulfonamide Na v1.7 Inhibitors GDC-0276 and GDC-0310. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2953-2966. [PMID: 33682420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nav1.7 is an extensively investigated target for pain with a strong genetic link in humans, yet in spite of this effort, it remains challenging to identify efficacious, selective, and safe inhibitors. Here, we disclose the discovery and preclinical profile of GDC-0276 (1) and GDC-0310 (2), selective Nav1.7 inhibitors that have completed Phase 1 trials. Our initial search focused on close-in analogues to early compound 3. This resulted in the discovery of GDC-0276 (1), which possessed improved metabolic stability and an acceptable overall pharmacokinetics profile. To further derisk the predicted human pharmacokinetics and enable QD dosing, additional optimization of the scaffold was conducted, resulting in the discovery of a novel series of N-benzyl piperidine Nav1.7 inhibitors. Improvement of the metabolic stability by blocking the labile benzylic position led to the discovery of GDC-0310 (2), which possesses improved Nav selectivity and pharmacokinetic profile over 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Safina
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven J McKerrall
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shaoyi Sun
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Chien-An Chen
- Chempartner, Building No. 5, 998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Sultan Chowdhury
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Qi Jia
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jun Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alla Y Zenova
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Andrez
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Girish Bankar
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Philippe Bergeron
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jae H Chang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elaine Chang
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Dean
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Shannon M Decker
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Antonio DiPasquale
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thilo Focken
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Ivan Hemeon
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Kuldip Khakh
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Amy Kim
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rainbow Kwan
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Andrea Lindgren
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Janette Mezeyova
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Dinah Misner
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karen Nelkenbrecher
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca Reese
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shannon D Shields
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luis Sojo
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Tao Sheng
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Henry Verschoof
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Matthew Waldbrook
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Michael S Wilson
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Clint Young
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Tanja S Zabka
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David H Hackos
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel F Ortwine
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew D White
- Chempartner, Building No. 5, 998 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - J P Johnson
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - C Lee Robinette
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Christoph M Dehnhardt
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Charles J Cohen
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Daniel P Sutherlin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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21
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Dong N, Bandura J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Labadie K, Noel B, Davison A, Koene JM, Sun HS, Coutellec MA, Feng ZP. Ion channel profiling of the Lymnaea stagnalis ganglia via transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:18. [PMID: 33407100 PMCID: PMC7789530 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis) has been widely used as a model organism in neurobiology, ecotoxicology, and parasitology due to the relative simplicity of its central nervous system (CNS). However, its usefulness is restricted by a limited availability of transcriptome data. While sequence information for the L. stagnalis CNS transcripts has been obtained from EST libraries and a de novo RNA-seq assembly, the quality of these assemblies is limited by a combination of low coverage of EST libraries, the fragmented nature of de novo assemblies, and lack of reference genome. RESULTS In this study, taking advantage of the recent availability of a preliminary L. stagnalis genome, we generated an RNA-seq library from the adult L. stagnalis CNS, using a combination of genome-guided and de novo assembly programs to identify 17,832 protein-coding L. stagnalis transcripts. We combined our library with existing resources to produce a transcript set with greater sequence length, completeness, and diversity than previously available ones. Using our assembly and functional domain analysis, we profiled L. stagnalis CNS transcripts encoding ion channels and ionotropic receptors, which are key proteins for CNS function, and compared their sequences to other vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Interestingly, L. stagnalis transcripts encoding numerous putative Ca2+ channels showed the most sequence similarity to those of Mus musculus, Danio rerio, Xenopus tropicalis, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that many calcium channel-related signaling pathways may be evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the most thorough characterization to date of the L. stagnalis transcriptome and provides insights into differences between vertebrates and invertebrates in CNS transcript diversity, according to function and protein class. Furthermore, this study provides a complete characterization of the ion channels of Lymnaea stagnalis, opening new avenues for future research on fundamental neurobiological processes in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Dong
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 3308 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julia Bandura
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 3308 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, BP5706, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Benjamin Noel
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University of Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Angus Davison
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joris M Koene
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 3308 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 3308 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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22
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Kaplanis J, Samocha KE, Wiel L, Zhang Z, Arvai KJ, Eberhardt RY, Gallone G, Lelieveld SH, Martin HC, McRae JF, Short PJ, Torene RI, de Boer E, Danecek P, Gardner EJ, Huang N, Lord J, Martincorena I, Pfundt R, Reijnders MRF, Yeung A, Yntema HG, Vissers LELM, Juusola J, Wright CF, Brunner HG, Firth HV, FitzPatrick DR, Barrett JC, Hurles ME, Gilissen C, Retterer K. Evidence for 28 genetic disorders discovered by combining healthcare and research data. Nature 2020; 586:757-762. [PMID: 33057194 PMCID: PMC7116826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
De novo mutations in protein-coding genes are a well-established cause of developmental disorders1. However, genes known to be associated with developmental disorders account for only a minority of the observed excess of such de novo mutations1,2. Here, to identify previously undescribed genes associated with developmental disorders, we integrate healthcare and research exome-sequence data from 31,058 parent-offspring trios of individuals with developmental disorders, and develop a simulation-based statistical test to identify gene-specific enrichment of de novo mutations. We identified 285 genes that were significantly associated with developmental disorders, including 28 that had not previously been robustly associated with developmental disorders. Although we detected more genes associated with developmental disorders, much of the excess of de novo mutations in protein-coding genes remains unaccounted for. Modelling suggests that more than 1,000 genes associated with developmental disorders have not yet been described, many of which are likely to be less penetrant than the currently known genes. Research access to clinical diagnostic datasets will be critical for completing the map of genes associated with developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplanis
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kaitlin E Samocha
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Laurens Wiel
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruth Y Eberhardt
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Stefan H Lelieveld
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jeremy F McRae
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Patrick J Short
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petr Danecek
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Iñigo Martincorena
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margot R F Reijnders
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alison Yeung
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHENS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen V Firth
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Takai A, Yamaguchi M, Yoshida H, Chiyonobu T. Investigating Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Using Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176442. [PMID: 32899411 PMCID: PMC7503973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are the spectrum of severe epilepsies characterized by early-onset, refractory seizures occurring in the context of developmental regression or plateauing. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) is one of the earliest forms of DEE, manifesting as frequent epileptic spasms and characteristic electroencephalogram findings in early infancy. In recent years, next-generation sequencing approaches have identified a number of monogenic determinants underlying DEE. In the case of EIEE, 85 genes have been registered in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man as causative genes. Model organisms are indispensable tools for understanding the in vivo roles of the newly identified causative genes. In this review, we first present an overview of epilepsy and its genetic etiology, especially focusing on EIEE and then briefly summarize epilepsy research using animal and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models. The Drosophila model, which is characterized by easy gene manipulation, a short generation time, low cost and fewer ethical restrictions when designing experiments, is optimal for understanding the genetics of DEE. We therefore highlight studies with Drosophila models for EIEE and discuss the future development of their practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Takai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 603-8585, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.Y.)
- Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co. Ltd., Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 603-8585, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tomohiro Chiyonobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Chandra S, Wang Z, Tao X, Chen O, Luo X, Ji RR, Bortsov AV. Computer-aided Discovery of a New Nav1.7 Inhibitor for Treatment of Pain and Itch. Anesthesiology 2020; 133:611-627. [PMID: 32788559 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 has been validated as a perspective target for selective inhibitors with analgesic and anti-itch activity. The objective of this study was to discover new candidate compounds with Nav1.7 inhibitor properties. The authors hypothesized that their approach would yield at least one new compound that inhibits sodium currents in vitro and exerts analgesic and anti-itch effects in mice. METHODS In silico structure-based similarity search of 1.5 million compounds followed by docking to the Nav1.7 voltage sensor of Domain 4 and molecular dynamics simulation was performed. Patch clamp experiments in Nav1.7-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells and in mouse and human dorsal root ganglion neurons were conducted to test sodium current inhibition. Formalin-induced inflammatory pain model, paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model, histamine-induced itch model, and mouse lymphoma model of chronic itch were used to confirm in vivo activity of the selected compound. RESULTS After in silico screening, nine compounds were selected for experimental assessment in vitro. Of those, four compounds inhibited sodium currents in Nav1.7-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells by 29% or greater (P < 0.05). Compound 9 (3-(1-benzyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-3-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)propanamide, referred to as DA-0218) reduced sodium current by 80% with a 50% inhibition concentration of 0.74 μM (95% CI, 0.35 to 1.56 μM), but had no effects on Nav1.5-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In mouse and human dorsal root ganglion neurons, DA-0218 reduced sodium currents by 17% (95% CI, 6 to 28%) and 22% (95% CI, 9 to 35%), respectively. The inhibition was greatly potentiated in paclitaxel-treated mouse neurons. Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of the compound reduced formalin-induced phase II inflammatory pain behavior in mice by 76% (95% CI, 48 to 100%) and 80% (95% CI, 68 to 92%), respectively. Intrathecal administration of DA-0218 produced acute reduction in paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia, and inhibited histamine-induced acute itch and lymphoma-induced chronic itch. CONCLUSIONS This study's computer-aided drug discovery approach yielded a new Nav1.7 inhibitor that shows analgesic and anti-pruritic activity in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Chandra
- From the Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (S.C., Z.W., X.T., O.C., X.L., R.-R.J., A.V.B.) the Departments of Cell Biology (O.C., R.-R.J.) Neurobiology (R.-R.J.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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25
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Martín-Suárez S, Abiega O, Ricobaraza A, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Encinas JM. Alterations of the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:654. [PMID: 32793597 PMCID: PMC7385077 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously generate new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of most mammals including humans, is chiefly regulated by neuronal activity. Thus, severe alterations have been found in samples from epilepsy patients and in the hippocampal neurogenic niche in mouse models of epilepsy. Reactive-like and gliogenic NSCs plus aberrant newborn neurons with altered migration, morphology, and functional properties are induced by seizures in experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Hippocampal neurogenesis participates in memory and learning and in the control of anxiety and stress. It has been therefore hypothesized that part of the cognitive symptoms associated with epilepsy could be promoted by impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. We here analyze for the first time the alterations of the neurogenic niche in a novel mouse model of Dravet syndrome (DS), a genetic encephalopathy with severe epilepsy in infancy and multiple neurological comorbidities. Scn1aWT/A1783V mice, hereafter referred to as DS, carrying a heterozygous and clinically relevant SCN1A mutation (A1783V) recapitulate the disease at the genetic and phenotypic levels. We demonstrate that in the neurogenic niche of young adult DS mice there are fewer NSCs, they have impaired cell division and bear reactive-like morphology. In addition, there is significant aberrant neurogenesis. Newborn immature neurons migrate abnormally, and several morphological features are drastically changed. Thus, this study shows for the first time important modifications in hippocampal neurogenesis in DS and opens venues for further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Martín-Suárez
- The Neural Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Oihane Abiega
- The Neural Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ricobaraza
- Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy Program CIMA, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Encinas
- The Neural Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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26
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Tapia CM, Folorunso O, Singh AK, McDonough K, Laezza F. Effects of Deltamethrin Acute Exposure on Nav1.6 Channels and Medium Spiny Neurons of the Nucleus Accumbens. Toxicology 2020; 440:152488. [PMID: 32387285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pyrethroids, a popular insecticide class that targets voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels, has been correlated to an increase in diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), in children. Dysregulation of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) firing in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. The Nav1.6 channel is the primary molecular determinant of MSN firing and is sensitive to modification by pyrethroids. Building on previous studies demonstrating that deltamethrin (DM), a commonly used pyrethroid, leads to use-dependent enhancement of sodium currents, we characterized the effect of the toxin on long-term inactivation (LTI) of the Nav1.6 channel, a parameter known to affect neuronal firing, and characterized changes in MSN intrinsic excitability. We employed whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to measure sodium currents in HEK-293 cells stably expressing Nav1.6 channels and intrinsic excitability of MSNs in the brain slice preparation. We found that in response to repetitive stimulation acute exposure to 10 μM DM potentiated a build-up of residual sodium currents and modified availability of Nav1.6 by inducing LTI. In the NAc, DM modified MSN intrinsic excitability increasing evoked action potential firing frequency and inducing aberrant action potentials with low amplitude and depolarized voltage threshold, phenotypes that could be explained by DM induced changes on the Nav1.6 channel. These results provide a potential initial mechanism of toxicity of DM that could lead to disruption of the NAc circuitry overtime, increasing the risk of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA; NIEHS Enviornmental Toxicology Training Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi Folorunso
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Aditya K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Kathleen McDonough
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA.
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Craig RA, Garrison CE, Nguyen PT, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Du Bois J. Veratridine: A Janus-Faced Modulator of Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:418-426. [PMID: 31951114 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium ion channels (NaVs) are integral to both neuronal and muscular signaling and are a primary target for a number of proteinaceous and small molecule toxins. Included among these neurotoxins is veratridine (VTD), a C-nor-D homosteroidal alkaloid from the seeds of members of the Veratrum genus. VTD binds to NaV within the pore region, causing a hyperpolarizing shift in the activation threshold in addition to reducing peak current. We have characterized the activity of VTD against heterologously expressed rat NaV1.4 and have demonstrated that VTD acts on the channel as either an agonist or antagonist depending on the nature of the electrophysiological stimulation protocol. Structure-activity studies with VTD and VTD derivatives against NaV mutants show that the functional duality of VTD can be decoupled. These findings suggest that the dichotomous activity of VTD may derive from two distinct, use-dependent binding orientations of the toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Catherine E. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Phuong T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - J. Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Belinskaia DA, Belinskaia MA, Barygin OI, Vanchakova NP, Shestakova NN. Psychotropic Drugs for the Management of Chronic Pain and Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020099. [PMID: 31238561 PMCID: PMC6631469 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have shown that patients with chronic neuropathic pain or itch exhibit symptoms of increased anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Such patients need corrective therapy with antidepressants, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants. It is known that some psychotropic drugs are also effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pruritus syndromes due to interaction with the secondary molecular targets. Our own clinical studies have identified antipruritic and/or analgesic efficacy of the following compounds: tianeptine (atypical tricyclic antidepressant), citalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), mianserin (tetracyclic antidepressant), carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), trazodone (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor), and chlorprothixene (antipsychotic). Venlafaxine (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) is known to have an analgesic effect too. The mechanism of such effect of these drugs is not fully understood. Herein we review and correlate the literature data on analgesic/antipruritic activity with pharmacological profile of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Mariia A Belinskaia
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Oleg I Barygin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Nina P Vanchakova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, First Pavlov State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
| | - Natalia N Shestakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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29
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Semenova NA, Ryzhkova OR, Strokova TV, Taran NN. [The third case report a patient with primary aldosteronism, seizures, and neurologic abnormalities (PASNA) syndrome de novo variant mutations in the CACNA1D gene]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:49-52. [PMID: 30698561 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811812149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in CACNA1D cause the primary aldosteronism, seizures, and neurologic abnormalities (PASNA) syndrome (OMIM# 615474) characterized by primary aldosteronism, seizures and neurological abnormalities. The authors present a case-report of a 1-year 3-month male patient with neurological symptoms such as seizures and global developmental delay with primary hyperaldosteronism. The heterozygosis disease-causing variant c.776T>A in CACNA1D gene was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Semenova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O R Ryzhkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - T V Strokova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology
| | - N N Taran
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology
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30
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De novo SCN1A, SCN8A, and CLCN2 mutations in childhood absence epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2019; 154:55-61. [PMID: 31054517 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify monogenic mutations from Chinese patients with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and summarize their characteristics. A total of 100 patients with CAE were recruited in Peking University First Hospital from 2005 to 2016 and underwent telephone and outpatient follow-up review. We used targeted disease-specific gene capture sequencing (involving 300 genes) to identify pathogenic variations for these patients. We identified three de novo epilepsy-related gene mutations, including missense mutations of SCN1A (c. 5399 T > A; p. Val1800Asp), SCN8A (c. 2371 G > T; p. Val791Phe), and CLCN2 (c. 481 G > A; p. Gly161Ser), from three patients, separately. All recruited patients presented typical CAE features and good prognosis. To date, CAE has been considered a complex disease caused by multiple susceptibility genes. In this study, we observed that 3% of typical CAE patients had a de novo mutation of a known monogenic epilepsy-related gene. Our study suggests that a significant proportion of typical CAE cases may be monogenic forms of epilepsy. For genetic generalized epilepsies, such as CAE, further studies are needed to clarify the contributions of de novo or inherited rare monogenic coding, noncoding and copy number variants.
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McKerrall SJ, Nguyen T, Lai KW, Bergeron P, Deng L, DiPasquale A, Chang JH, Chen J, Chernov-Rogan T, Hackos DH, Maher J, Ortwine DF, Pang J, Payandeh J, Proctor WR, Shields SD, Vogt J, Ji P, Liu W, Ballini E, Schumann L, Tarozzo G, Bankar G, Chowdhury S, Hasan A, Johnson JP, Khakh K, Lin S, Cohen CJ, Dehnhardt CM, Safina BS, Sutherlin DP. Structure- and Ligand-Based Discovery of Chromane Arylsulfonamide Nav1.7 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4091-4109. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. McKerrall
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Teresa Nguyen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Philippe Bergeron
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lunbin Deng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Antonio DiPasquale
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jae H. Chang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tania Chernov-Rogan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David H. Hackos
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel F. Ortwine
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William R. Proctor
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shannon D. Shields
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jennifer Vogt
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pengfei Ji
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Girish Bankar
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Sultan Chowdhury
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Abid Hasan
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - J. P. Johnson
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Kuldip Khakh
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Charles J. Cohen
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Christoph M. Dehnhardt
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200-3650 Gilmore Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5G 4W8, Canada
| | - Brian S. Safina
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel P. Sutherlin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Coates MD, Vrana KE, Ruiz-Velasco V. The influence of voltage-gated sodium channels on human gastrointestinal nociception. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13460. [PMID: 30216585 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal pain is a frequent and persistent problem in the most common gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Pain adversely impacts quality of life, incurs significant healthcare expenditures, and remains a challenging issue to manage with few safe therapeutic options currently available. It is imperative that new methods are developed for identifying and treating this symptom. A variety of peripherally active neuroendocrine signaling elements have the capability to influence gastrointestinal pain perception. A large and growing body of evidence suggests that voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play a critical role in the development and modulation of nociceptive signaling associated with the gut. Several VGSC isoforms demonstrate significant promise as potential targets for improved diagnosis and treatment of gut-based disorders associated with hyper- and hyposensitivity to abdominal pain. PURPOSE In this article, we critically review key investigations that have evaluated the potential role that VGSCs play in visceral nociception and discuss recent advances related to this topic. Specifically, we discuss the following: (a) what is known about the structure and basic function of VGSCs, (b) the role that each VGSC plays in gut nociception, particularly as it relates to human physiology, and (c) potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses of VGSCs to manage disorders associated with chronic abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Coates
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kent E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Sensitized vasoactive C-nociceptors: key fibers in peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain Rep 2019; 4:e709. [PMID: 30801047 PMCID: PMC6370139 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development and persistence of neuropathic pain. Some patients with nerve damage will remain painless and develop a "loss of function" phenotype, whereas others develop painful neuropathies. Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the role of a peripheral nervous system sensitization by analyzing patients with and without pain. Methods The topical application of capsaicin was investigated in peripheral nociceptors. Two groups of patients (painful vs painless) with length-dependent neuropathies and small-fiber impairment were tested. Quantitative sensory testing was assessed before and after topical application of 0.6% capsaicin in the affected skin. In addition, blood perfusion measurements and an axon reflex flare assessment were performed. Results Quantitative testing revealed that heat hyperalgesia was induced in all patients and volunteers (P < 0.01) without observing any significant differences between patient groups. By contrast, the extent of the axon reflex flare reaction (P < 0.01) as well as the blood perfusion (P < 0.05) was significantly greater in patients with pain than in neuropathy patients not experiencing pain. Conclusion Hyperexcitable vasoactive nociceptive C fibers might contribute to pain in peripheral neuropathies and therefore may serve as a key player in separating into a painless or painful condition.
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Dai X, Pang S, Wang J, FitzMaurice B, Pang J, Chang B. Photoreceptor degeneration in a new Cacna1f mutant mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2018; 179:106-114. [PMID: 30445045 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Cacna1f gene encodes the α1F subunit of an L-type voltage-gated calcium channel, Cav1.4. In photoreceptor synaptic terminals, Cav1.4 channels mediate glutamate release and postsynaptic responses associated with visual signal transmission. We have discovered a new Cacna1f mutation in nob9 mice, which display more severe phenotypes than do nob2 mice. To characterize the nob9 phenotype at different ages, we examined the murine fundus, applied retinal optical coherence tomography, measured flash electroretinograms (ERGs) in vivo, and analyzed the retinal histology in vitro. After identifying the X-linked recessive inheritance trait, we sequenced Cacna1f as the candidate gene. Mutations in this gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Morphologically, an early-onset of retinal disorder was detected, and the degeneration of the outer plexiform layers progressed rapidly. Moreover, the mutant mice showed drastically reduced scotopic ERGs with increasing age. In 14-month-old nob9 retinas, immunostaining of cone opsins demonstrated a reduction in the number of short-wavelength opsins (S-opsins) to 54% of wild-type levels, and almost no middle-wavelength opsins (M-opsins) were observed. No cone ERGs could be detected from residual cones, in which S-opsins abnormally migrated to inner segments of the photoreceptors. The mutations of the Cacna1f gene in nob9 mice involved both a single nucleotide G to A transition and a 10-nucleotide insertion, the latter resulting in a frame-shift mutation in exon 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Dai
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shiyi Pang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jieping Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | - Jijing Pang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Eye Research Institute, Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, China.
| | - Bo Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
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McKerrall SJ, Sutherlin DP. Nav1.7 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3141-3149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nakatani Y, Amano T. Functional Modulation of Na v1.2 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Induced by Escitalopram. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1471-1474. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nakatani
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Taku Amano
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare
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A Recurrent De Novo PACS2 Heterozygous Missense Variant Causes Neonatal-Onset Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy, Facial Dysmorphism, and Cerebellar Dysgenesis. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:995-1007. [PMID: 29656858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) represent a large clinical and genetic heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental diseases. The identification of pathogenic genetic variants in DEEs remains crucial for deciphering this complex group and for accurately caring for affected individuals (clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, impacting medical, precision therapy, clinical trials, etc.). Whole-exome sequencing and intensive data sharing identified a recurrent de novo PACS2 heterozygous missense variant in 14 unrelated individuals. Their phenotype was characterized by epilepsy, global developmental delay with or without autism, common cerebellar dysgenesis, and facial dysmorphism. Mixed focal and generalized epilepsy occurred in the neonatal period, controlled with difficulty in the first year, but many improved in early childhood. PACS2 is an important PACS1 paralog and encodes a multifunctional sorting protein involved in nuclear gene expression and pathway traffic regulation. Both proteins harbor cargo(furin)-binding regions (FBRs) that bind cargo proteins, sorting adaptors, and cellular kinase. Compared to the defined PACS1 recurrent variant series, individuals with PACS2 variant have more consistently neonatal/early-infantile-onset epilepsy that can be challenging to control. Cerebellar abnormalities may be similar but PACS2 individuals exhibit a pattern of clear dysgenesis ranging from mild to severe. Functional studies demonstrated that the PACS2 recurrent variant reduces the ability of the predicted autoregulatory domain to modulate the interaction between the PACS2 FBR and client proteins, which may disturb cellular function. These findings support the causality of this recurrent de novo PACS2 heterozygous missense in DEEs with facial dysmorphim and cerebellar dysgenesis.
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Wang J, Ou SW, Wang YJ. Distribution and function of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:534-554. [PMID: 28922053 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1380758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are the basic ion channels for neuronal excitability, which are crucial for the resting potential and the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons. To date, at least nine distinct sodium channel isoforms have been detected in the nervous system. Recent studies have identified that voltage-gated sodium channels not only play an essential role in the normal electrophysiological activities of neurons but also have a close relationship with neurological diseases. In this study, the latest research findings regarding the structure, type, distribution, and function of VGSCs in the nervous system and their relationship to neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, brain tumors, neural trauma, and multiple sclerosis, are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Shao-Wu Ou
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
| | - Yun-Jie Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , P.R. China
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Catterall WA. Forty Years of Sodium Channels: Structure, Function, Pharmacology, and Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2495-2504. [PMID: 28589518 PMCID: PMC5693772 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels initiate action potentials in brain neurons. In the 1970s, much was known about the function of sodium channels from measurements of ionic currents using the voltage clamp method, but there was no information about the sodium channel molecules themselves. As a postdoctoral fellow and staff scientist at the National Institutes of Health, I developed neurotoxins as molecular probes of sodium channels in cultured neuroblastoma cells. During those years, Bruce Ransom and I crossed paths as members of the laboratories of Marshall Nirenberg and Philip Nelson and shared insights about sodium channels in neuroblastoma cells from my work and electrical excitability and synaptic transmission in cultured spinal cord neurons from Bruce's pioneering electrophysiological studies. When I established my laboratory at the University of Washington in 1977, my colleagues and I used those neurotoxins to identify the protein subunits of sodium channels, purify them, and reconstitute their ion conductance activity in pure form. Subsequent studies identified the molecular basis for the main functions of sodium channels-voltage-dependent activation, rapid and selective ion conductance, and fast inactivation. Bruce Ransom and I re-connected in the 1990s, as ski buddies at the Winter Conference on Brain Research and as faculty colleagues at the University of Washington when Bruce became our founding Chair of Neurology and provided visionary leadership of that department. In the past decade my work on sodium channels has evolved into structural biology. Molecular modeling and X-ray crystallographic studies have given new views of sodium channel function at atomic resolution. Sodium channels are also the molecular targets for genetic diseases, including Dravet Syndrome, an intractable pediatric epilepsy disorder with major co-morbidities of cognitive deficit, autistic-like behaviors, and premature death that is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the brain sodium channel NaV1.1. Our work on a mouse genetic model of this disease has shown that its multi-faceted pathophysiology and co-morbidities derive from selective loss of electrical excitability and action potential firing in GABAergic inhibitory neurons, which disinhibits neural circuits throughout the brain and leads directly to the epilepsy, premature death and complex co-morbidities of this disease. It has been rewarding for me to use our developing knowledge of sodium channels to help understand the pathophysiology and to suggest potential therapeutic approaches for this devastating childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7280, USA.
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James TF, Nenov MN, Tapia CM, Lecchi M, Koshy S, Green TA, Laezza F. Consequences of acute Na v1.1 exposure to deltamethrin. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:150-160. [PMID: 28007400 PMCID: PMC5447465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides are the most popular class of insecticides in the world, despite their near-ubiquity, their effects of delaying the onset of inactivation of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels have not been well-evaluated in all the mammalian Nav isoforms. OBJECTIVE Here we compare the well-studied Nav1.6 isoforms to the less-understood Nav1.1 in their responses to acute deltamethrin exposure. METHODS We used patch-clamp electrophysiology to record sodium currents encoded by either Nav1.1 or Nav1.6 channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells. Protocols evaluating both resting and use-dependent modification were employed. RESULTS We found that exposure of both isoforms to 10μM deltamethrin significantly potentiated persistent and tail current densities without affecting peak transient current densities, and only Nav1.1 maintained these significant effects at 1μM deltamethrin. Window currents increased for both as well, and while only Nav1.6 displayed changes in activation slope and V1/2 of steady-state inactivation for peak currents, V1/2 of persistent current activation was hyperpolarized of ∼10mV by deltamethrin in Nav1.1 cells. Evaluating use-dependence, we found that deltamethrin again potentiated persistent and tail current densities in both isoforms, but only Nav1.6 demonstrated use-dependent enhancement, indicating the primary deltamethrin-induced effects on Nav1.1 channels are not use-dependent. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data provide evidence that Nav1.1 is indeed vulnerable to deltamethrin modification at lower concentrations than Nav1.6, and this effect is primarily mediated during the resting state. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings identify Nav1.1 as a novel target of pyrethroid exposure, which has major implications for the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders associated with loss of Nav1.1-expressing inhibitory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F James
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
| | - Marzia Lecchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Shyny Koshy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
| | - Thomas A Green
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, USA; Center for Environmental Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA.
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Zhang D, Liu X, Deng X. Genetic basis of pediatric epilepsy syndromes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2129-2133. [PMID: 28565819 PMCID: PMC5443213 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood epilepsy affects ~0.5-1% in the general population worldwide. Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are considered to be severe neurological disorders, which lead to impaired motor, cognitive, and sensory development due to recurrence of seizures. Many of the observed epilepsy phenotypes are associated with specific chromosomal imbalances and thus display gene dosage effects, and also specific mutations of a variety of genes ranging from ion channels to transcription factors. High throughput sequencing technologies and whole exome sequencing have led to the recognition of several new candidate genes with a possible role in the pathogenesis of epileptic encephalopathies. The mutations causing channelopathies can be either a gain or a loss of ion channel function and contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy syndrome. Nearly 300 mutations of SCN1A gene coding for the Nav1.1 channel protein have been identified that contribute to the pathology of epilepsy. Besides Na, potassium and calcium channels are also implicated in epileptic encephalopathies. Therapeutic management of epileptic encephalopathies has been challenging as the majority of the medications are not efficient and often have many undesirable side effects. A better understanding of the molecular nature of epilepsy in an individual is important to design a personalized medication, considering the number of possible genetic mutations that can contribute to epileptic encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xingqiang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Thapa P, Cabalteja CC, Philips EE, Espiritu MJ, Peigneur S, Mille BG, Tytgat J, Cummins TR, Bingham JP. t-boc synthesis of huwentoxin-i through native chemical ligation incorporating a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid cleavage strategy. Biopolymers 2017; 106:737-45. [PMID: 27271997 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc)-based native chemical ligation (NCL) techniques commonly employ hydrogen fluoride (HF) to create the thioester fragment required for the ligation process. Our research aimed to assess the replacement of HF with Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA). Here we examined a 33 amino acid test peptide, Huwentoxin-I (HwTx-I) as a novel candidate for our TFMSA cleavage protocol. Structurally HwTx-I has an X-Cys(16) -Cys(17) -X sequence mid-region, which makes it an ideal candidate for NCL. Experiments determined that the best yields (16.8%) obtained for 50 mg of a thioester support resin were achieved with a TFMSA volume of 100 μL with a 0.5-h incubation on ice, followed by 2.0 h at room temperature. RP-HPLC/UV and mass spectra indicated the appropriate parent mass and retention of the cleaved HwTx-I N-terminal thioester fragment (Ala(1) -Cys(16) ), which was used in preparation for NCL. The resulting chemically ligated HwTx-I was oxidized/folded, purified, and then assessed for pharmacological target selectivity. Native-like HwTx-I produced by this method yielded an EC50 value of 340.5 ± 26.8 nM for Nav 1.2 and an EC50 value of 504.1 ± 81.3 nM for Nav 1.3, this being similar to previous literature results using native material. This article represents the first NCL based synthesis of this potent sodium channel blocker. Our illustrated approach removes potential restrictions in the advancement of NCL as a common peptide laboratory technique with minimal investment, and removes the hazards associated with HF usage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 737-745, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parashar Thapa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822
| | - Chino C Cabalteja
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822
| | - Edwin E Philips
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822
| | - Michael J Espiritu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N II, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Bea G Mille
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N II, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N II, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, 320 West 25th Street, NB-414F, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-2266
| | - Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822.
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Rosasco MG, Gordon SE, Bajjalieh SM. Characterization of the Functional Domains of a Mammalian Voltage-Sensitive Phosphatase. Biophys J 2016; 109:2480-2491. [PMID: 26682807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive phosphatases (VSPs) are proteins that directly couple changes in membrane electrical potential to inositol lipid phosphatase activity. VSPs thus couple two signaling pathways that are critical for cellular functioning. Although a number of nonmammalian VSPs have been characterized biophysically, mammalian VSPs are less well understood at both the physiological and biophysical levels. In this study, we aimed to address this gap in knowledge by determining whether the VSP from mouse, Mm-VSP, is expressed in the brain and contains a functional voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and a phosphatase domain. We report that Mm-VSP is expressed in neurons and is developmentally regulated. To address whether the functions of the VSD and phosphatase domain are retained in Mm-VSP, we took advantage of the modular nature of these domains and expressed each independently as a chimeric protein in a heterologous expression system. We found that the Mm-VSP VSD, fused to a viral potassium channel, was able to drive voltage-dependent gating of the channel pore. The Mm-VSP phosphatase domain, fused to the VSD of a nonmammalian VSP, was also functional: activation resulted in PI(4,5)P2 depletion that was sufficient to inhibit the PI(4,5)P2-regulated KCNQ2/3 channels. While testing the functionality of the VSD and phosphatase domain, we observed slight differences between the activities of Mm-VSP-based chimeras and those of nonmammalian VSPs. Although the properties of VSP chimeras may not completely reflect the properties of native VSPs, the differences we observed in voltage-sensing and phosphatase activity provide a starting point for future experiments to investigate the function of Mm-VSP and other mammalian VSPs. In conclusion, our data reveal that both the VSD and the lipid phosphatase domain of Mm-VSP are functional, indicating that Mm-VSP likely plays an important role in mouse neurophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Rosasco
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sharona E Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandra M Bajjalieh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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44
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Lipscombe D, Andrade A. Calcium Channel CaVα₁ Splice Isoforms - Tissue Specificity and Drug Action. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2016; 8:22-31. [PMID: 25966698 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150507103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium ion channels are essential for numerous biological functions of excitable cells and there is wide spread appreciation of their importance as drug targets in the treatment of many disorders including those of cardiovascular and nervous systems. Each Cacna1 gene has the potential to generate a number of structurally, functionally, and in some cases pharmacologically unique CaVα1 subunits through alternative pre-mRNA splicing and the use of alternate promoters. Analyses of rapidly emerging deep sequencing data for a range of human tissue transcriptomes contain information to quantify tissue-specific and alternative exon usage patterns for Cacna1 genes. Cellspecific actions of nuclear DNA and RNA binding proteins control the use of alternate promoters and the selection of alternate exons during pre-mRNA splicing, and they determine the spectrum of protein isoforms expressed within different types of cells. Amino acid compositions within discrete protein domains can differ substantially among CaV isoforms expressed in different tissues, and such differences may be greater than those that exist across CaV channel homologs of closely related species. Here we highlight examples of CaV isoforms that have unique expression patterns and that exhibit different pharmacological sensitivities. Knowledge of expression patterns of CaV isoforms in different human tissues, cell populations, ages, and disease states should inform strategies aimed at developing the next generation of CaV channel inhibitors and agonists with improved tissue-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lipscombe
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University. Providence, RI, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Individuals rely on the perception of pain to avoid injury, to signal disease, and to warn about tissue inflammation and damage. However, the inheritance of inappropriate, extreme, or inadequate pain production is a source of significant human suffering. Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of pain through the study of individuals and families with several specific inherited pain syndromes. These studies have led to the discovery of a number of gene mutations associated with specific ion channel disturbances that produce familial inherited pain sensitivity and insensitivity syndromes. The sodium channel has been identified as the primary determinant of most of these syndromes. This article focuses on the inherited pain syndromes and their corresponding ion channel mutations. There is hope that through continued research into these ion channels and pain syndromes, targeted drug therapy would be fruitful and beneficial to those afflicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J DiMario
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford CT; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford CT; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT.
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46
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Knudstrup S, Zochowski M, Booth V. Network burst dynamics under heterogeneous cholinergic modulation of neural firing properties and heterogeneous synaptic connectivity. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1321-39. [PMID: 26869313 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of neural network activity depend on intrinsic neural properties and synaptic connectivity in the network. In brain networks, both of these properties are critically affected by the type and levels of neuromodulators present. The expression of many of the most powerful neuromodulators, including acetylcholine (ACh), varies tonically and phasically with behavioural state, leading to dynamic, heterogeneous changes in intrinsic neural properties and synaptic connectivity properties. Namely, ACh significantly alters neural firing properties as measured by the phase response curve in a manner that has been shown to alter the propensity for network synchronization. The aim of this simulation study was to build an understanding of how heterogeneity in cholinergic modulation of neural firing properties and heterogeneity in synaptic connectivity affect the initiation and maintenance of synchronous network bursting in excitatory networks. We show that cells that display different levels of ACh modulation have differential roles in generating network activity: weakly modulated cells are necessary for burst initiation and provide synchronizing drive to the rest of the network, whereas strongly modulated cells provide the overall activity level necessary to sustain burst firing. By applying several quantitative measures of network activity, we further show that the existence of network bursting and its characteristics, such as burst duration and intraburst synchrony, are dependent on the fraction of cell types providing the synaptic connections in the network. These results suggest mechanisms underlying ACh modulation of brain oscillations and the modulation of seizure activity during sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Knudstrup
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Victoria Booth
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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47
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Stray-Pedersen A, Cobben JM, Prescott T, Lee S, Cang C, Aranda K, Ahmed S, Alders M, Gerstner T, Aslaksen K, Tétreault M, Qin W, Hartley T, Jhangiani S, Muzny D, Tarailo-Graovac M, van Karnebeek C, Lupski J, Ren D, Yoon G, Ren D, Yoon G. Biallelic Mutations in UNC80 Cause Persistent Hypotonia, Encephalopathy, Growth Retardation, and Severe Intellectual Disability. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:202-9. [PMID: 26708751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel proteins are required for both the establishment of resting membrane potentials and the generation of action potentials. Hundreds of mutations in genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels responsible for action potential generation have been found to cause severe neurological diseases. In contrast, the roles of voltage-independent "leak" channels, important for the establishment and maintenance of resting membrane potentials upon which action potentials are generated, are not well established in human disease. UNC80 is a large component of the NALCN sodium-leak channel complex that regulates the basal excitability of the nervous system. Loss-of-function mutations of NALCN cause infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF). We report four individuals from three unrelated families who have homozygous missense or compound heterozygous truncating mutations in UNC80 and persistent hypotonia, encephalopathy, growth failure, and severe intellectual disability. Compared to control cells, HEK293T cells transfected with an expression plasmid containing the c.5098C>T (p.Pro1700Ser) UNC80 mutation found in one individual showed markedly decreased NALCN channel currents. Our findings demonstrate the fundamental significance of UNC80 and basal ionic conductance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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48
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Profiling neuronal ion channelopathies with non-invasive brain imaging and dynamic causal models: Case studies of single gene mutations. Neuroimage 2015; 124:43-53. [PMID: 26342528 PMCID: PMC4655917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical assessments of brain function rely upon visual inspection of electroencephalographic waveform abnormalities in tandem with functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, no current technology proffers in vivo assessments of activity at synapses, receptors and ion-channels, the basis of neuronal communication. Using dynamic causal modeling we compared electrophysiological responses from two patients with distinct monogenic ion channelopathies and a large cohort of healthy controls to demonstrate the feasibility of assaying synaptic-level channel communication non-invasively. Synaptic channel abnormality was identified in both patients (100% sensitivity) with assay specificity above 89%, furnishing estimates of neurotransmitter and voltage-gated ion throughput of sodium, calcium, chloride and potassium. This performance indicates a potential novel application as an adjunct for clinical assessments in neurological and psychiatric settings. More broadly, these findings indicate that biophysical models of synaptic channels can be estimated non-invasively, having important implications for advancing human neuroimaging to the level of non-invasive ion channel assays. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) for M/EEG includes ion channel parameter estimates. Parameter estimates from patients with monogenic ion channelopathies were compared. Synaptic channel abnormality was identified in patients, with specificity above 89%. DCM could serve as a platform for non-invasively assaying brain molecular dynamics.
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49
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Miceli F, Soldovieri MV, Ambrosino P, De Maria M, Manocchio L, Medoro A, Taglialatela M. Molecular pathophysiology and pharmacology of the voltage-sensing module of neuronal ion channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:259. [PMID: 26236192 PMCID: PMC4502356 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are membrane proteins that switch from a closed to open state in response to changes in membrane potential, thus enabling ion fluxes across the cell membranes. The mechanism that regulate the structural rearrangements occurring in VGICs in response to changes in membrane potential still remains one of the most challenging topic of modern biophysics. Na+, Ca2+ and K+ voltage-gated channels are structurally formed by the assembly of four similar domains, each comprising six transmembrane segments. Each domain can be divided into two main regions: the Pore Module (PM) and the Voltage-Sensing Module (VSM). The PM (helices S5 and S6 and intervening linker) is responsible for gate opening and ion selectivity; by contrast, the VSM, comprising the first four transmembrane helices (S1–S4), undergoes the first conformational changes in response to membrane voltage variations. In particular, the S4 segment of each domain, which contains several positively charged residues interspersed with hydrophobic amino acids, is located within the membrane electric field and plays an essential role in voltage sensing. In neurons, specific gating properties of each channel subtype underlie a variety of biological events, ranging from the generation and propagation of electrical impulses, to the secretion of neurotransmitters and to the regulation of gene expression. Given the important functional role played by the VSM in neuronal VGICs, it is not surprising that various VSM mutations affecting the gating process of these channels are responsible for human diseases, and that compounds acting on the VSM have emerged as important investigational tools with great therapeutic potential. In the present review we will briefly describe the most recent discoveries concerning how the VSM exerts its function, how genetically inherited diseases caused by mutations occurring in the VSM affects gating in VGICs, and how several classes of drugs and toxins selectively target the VSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Michela De Maria
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Laura Manocchio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy ; Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
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50
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Kroll JR, Saras A, Tanouye MA. Drosophila sodium channel mutations: Contributions to seizure-susceptibility. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:80-7. [PMID: 26093037 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews Drosophila voltage-gated Na(+) channel mutations encoded by the para (paralytic) gene and their contributions to seizure disorders in the fly. Numerous mutations cause seizure-sensitivity, for example, para(bss1), with phenotypes that resemble human intractable epilepsy in some aspects. Seizure phenotypes are also seen with human GEFS+ spectrum mutations that have been knocked into the Drosophila para gene, para(GEFS+) and para(DS) alleles. Other para mutations, para(ST76) and para(JS) act as seizure-suppressor mutations reverting seizure phenotypes in other mutants. Seizure-like phenotypes are observed from mutations and other conditions that cause a persistent Na(+) current through either changes in mRNA splicing or protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Kroll
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arunesh Saras
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mark A Tanouye
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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