1
|
Peng Y, Yao SY, Chen Q, Jin H, Du MQ, Xue YH, Liu S. True or false? Alzheimer's disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidences from bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102383. [PMID: 38955264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Globally, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread chronic neurodegenerative disorder, leading to cognitive impairment, such as aphasia and agnosia, as well as mental symptoms, like behavioral abnormalities, that place a heavy psychological and financial burden on the families of the afflicted. Unfortunately, no particular medications exist to treat AD, as the current treatments only impede its progression.The link between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly revealed by research; the danger of developing both AD and T2D rises exponentially with age, with T2D being especially prone to AD. This has propelled researchers to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this connection. A critical review of the relationship between insulin resistance, Aβ, oxidative stress, mitochondrial hypothesis, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, inflammatory response, high blood glucose levels, neurotransmitters and signaling pathways, vascular issues in AD and diabetes, and the similarities between the two diseases, is presented in this review. Grasping the essential mechanisms behind this detrimental interaction may offer chances to devise successful therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdalla MMI. Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1430-1447. [PMID: 39099819 PMCID: PMC11292327 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence worldwide. Recent studies have indicated a possible link between DM and an increased risk of developing AD. Insulin, while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar, also plays a vital role in protecting brain functions. Insulin resistance (IR), especially prevalent in type 2 diabetes, is believed to play a significant role in AD's development. When insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional, it can negatively affect various brain functions, making individuals more susceptible to AD's defining features, such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles. Emerging research suggests that addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse the brain changes linked to AD. This review aims to explore the rela-tionship between DM and AD, with a focus on the role of IR. It also explores the molecular mechanisms by which IR might lead to brain changes and assesses current treatments that target IR. Understanding IR's role in the connection between DM and AD offers new possibilities for treatments and highlights the importance of continued research in this interdisciplinary field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Yang Y, Bai X, Wang X, Tan H, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Liu Q, Wu MN, Li Y. A brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety for nutrient-specific feeding inhibition. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114282. [PMID: 38795342 PMCID: PMC11220824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The suppressive effect of insulin on food intake has been documented for decades. However, whether insulin signals can encode a certain type of nutrients to regulate nutrient-specific feeding behavior remains elusive. Here, we show that in female Drosophila, a pair of dopaminergic neurons, tritocerebrum 1-dopaminergic neurons (T1-DANs), are directly activated by a protein-intake-induced insulin signal from insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Intriguingly, opto-activating IPCs elicits feeding inhibition for both protein and sugar, while silencing T1-DANs blocks this inhibition only for protein food. Elevating insulin signaling in T1-DANs or opto-activating these neurons is sufficient to mimic protein satiety. Furthermore, this signal is conveyed to local neurons of the protocerebral bridge (PB-LNs) and specifically suppresses protein intake. Therefore, our findings reveal that a brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety and suppresses feeding behavior in a nutrient-specific manner, shedding light on the functional specificity of brain insulin signals in regulating behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobing Bai
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houqi Tan
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qili Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai M, Wan J, Cai K, Li S, Du X, Song H, Sun W, Hu J. The mitochondrial quality control system: a new target for exercise therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain insulin resistance-induced neurodegeneration in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:749-763. [PMID: 38379083 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern because of its strong association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, brain insulin resistance in obesity is likely to lead to neuroplasticity deficits. Since the evidence shows that insulin resistance in brain regions abundant in insulin receptors significantly alters mitochondrial efficiency and function, strategies targeting the mitochondrial quality control system may be of therapeutic and practical value in obesity-induced cognitive decline. Exercise is considered as a powerful stimulant of mitochondria that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances neuroplasticity. It has great potential as a non-pharmacological intervention against the onset and progression of obesity associated neurodegeneration. Here, we integrate the current knowledge of the mechanisms of neurodegenration in obesity and focus on brain insulin resistance to explain the relationship between the impairment of neuronal plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge was synthesised to explore the exercise paradigm as a feasible intervention for obese neurodegenration in terms of improving brain insulin signals and regulating the mitochondrial quality control system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinlin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Todorovic S, Simeunovic V, Prvulovic M, Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Sokanovic S, Kanazir S, Mladenovic A. Dietary restriction alters insulin signaling pathway in the brain. Biofactors 2024; 50:450-466. [PMID: 37975613 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is known to be a key hormone in the regulation of peripheral glucose homeostasis, but beyond that, its effects on the brain are now undisputed. Impairments in insulin signaling in the brain, including changes in insulin levels, are thought to contribute significantly to declines in cognitive performance, especially during aging. As one of the most widely studied experimental interventions, dietary restriction (DR) is considered to delay the neurodegenerative processes associated with aging. Recently, however, data began to suggest that the onset and duration of a restrictive diet play a critical role in the putative beneficial outcome. Because the effects of DR on insulin signaling in the brain have been poorly studied, we decided to examine the effects of DR that differed in onset and duration: long-term DR (LTDR), medium-term DR (MTDR), and short-term DR (STDR) on the expression of proteins involved in insulin signaling in the hippocampus of 18- and 24-month-old male Wistar rats. We found that DR-induced changes in insulin levels in the brain may be independent of what happens in the periphery after restricted feeding. Significantly changed insulin content in the hippocampus, together with altered insulin signaling were found under the influence of DR, but the outcome was highly dependent on the onset and duration of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smilja Todorovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Simeunovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Prvulovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Sokanovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liebergall SR, Goldberg EM. Ndnf Interneuron Excitability Is Spared in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1977232024. [PMID: 38443186 PMCID: PMC11044195 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1977-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by epilepsy, developmental delay/intellectual disability, and features of autism spectrum disorder, caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SCN1A encoding the voltage-gated sodium channel α subunit Nav1.1. The dominant model of DS pathogenesis is the "interneuron hypothesis," whereby GABAergic interneurons (INs) express and preferentially rely on Nav1.1-containing sodium channels for action potential (AP) generation. This has been shown for three of the major subclasses of cerebral cortex GABAergic INs: those expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Here, we define the function of a fourth major subclass of INs expressing neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (Ndnf) in male and female DS (Scn1a+/-) mice. Patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings of Ndnf-INs in brain slices from Scn1a+/â mice and WT controls reveal normal intrinsic membrane properties, properties of AP generation and repetitive firing, and synaptic transmission across development. Immunohistochemistry shows that Nav1.1 is strongly expressed at the axon initial segment (AIS) of PV-expressing INs but is absent at the Ndnf-IN AIS. In vivo two-photon calcium imaging demonstrates that Ndnf-INs in Scn1a+/â mice are recruited similarly to WT controls during arousal. These results suggest that Ndnf-INs are the only major IN subclass that does not prominently rely on Nav1.1 for AP generation and thus retain their excitability in DS. The discovery of a major IN subclass with preserved function in the Scn1a+/â mouse model adds further complexity to the "interneuron hypothesis" and highlights the importance of considering cell-type heterogeneity when investigating mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Liebergall
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- The Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ozsvár A, Sieburg MC, Sietam MD, Hou WH, Capogna M. A combinatory genetic strategy for targeting neurogliaform neurons in the mouse basolateral amygdala. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1254460. [PMID: 38362542 PMCID: PMC10867116 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1254460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse basolateral amygdala (BLA) contains various GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, which have distinctive roles in the neuronal microcircuit controlling numerous behavioral functions. In mice, roughly 15% of the BLA GABAergic interneurons express neuropeptide Y (NPY), a reasonably characteristic marker for neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) in cortical-like brain structures. However, genetically labeled putative NPY-expressing interneurons in the BLA yield a mixture of interneuron subtypes besides NGFCs. Thus, selective molecular markers are lacking for genetically accessing NGFCs in the BLA. Here, we validated the NGFC-specific labeling with a molecular marker, neuron-derived neurotrophic factor (NDNF), in the mouse BLA, as such specificity has been demonstrated in the neocortex and hippocampus. We characterized genetically defined NDNF-expressing (NDNF+) GABAergic interneurons in the mouse BLA by combining the Ndnf-IRES2-dgCre-D transgenic mouse line with viral labeling, immunohistochemical staining, and in vitro electrophysiology. We found that BLA NDNF+ GABAergic cells mainly expressed NGFC neurochemical markers NPY and reelin (Reln) and exhibited small round soma and dense axonal arborization. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings indicated that most NDNF+ interneurons showed late spiking and moderate firing adaptation. Moreover, ∼81% of BLA NDNF+ cells generated retroaxonal action potential after current injections or optogenetic stimulations, frequently developing into persistent barrage firing. Optogenetic activation of the BLA NDNF+ cell population yielded both GABAA- and GABAB receptor-mediated currents onto BLA pyramidal neurons (PNs). We demonstrate a combinatory strategy combining the NDNF-cre mouse line with viral transfection to specifically target adult mouse BLA NGFCs and further explore their functional and behavioral roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ozsvár
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Meike Claudia Sieburg
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Monica Dahlstrup Sietam
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wen-Hsien Hou
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Capogna
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO), Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma K, Puranik N, Yadav D. Neural Stem Cell-based Regenerative Therapy: A New Approach to Diabetes Treatment. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:531-540. [PMID: 37183465 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230512121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that occurs due to the loss, or impaired function of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, which are of two types - type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). To cure DM, the replacement of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells of islet of Langerhans is the most widely practiced treatment. For this, isolating neuronal stem cells and cultivating them as a source of renewable beta cells is a significant breakthrough in medicine. The functions, growth, and gene expression of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and neurons are very similar in many ways. A diabetic patient's neural stem cells (obtained from the hippocampus and olfactory bulb) can be used as a replacement source of beta cells for regenerative therapy to treat diabetes. The same protocol used to create functional neurons from progenitor cells can be used to create beta cells. Recent research suggests that replacing lost pancreatic beta cells with autologous transplantation of insulin-producing neural progenitor cells may be a perfect therapeutic strategy for diabetes, allowing for a safe and normal restoration of function and a reduction in potential risks and a long-term cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Sharma
- School of Sciences in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Puranik
- Department of Bio-logical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakaya Y, Kosukegawa S, Kobayashi S, Hirose K, Kitano K, Mayahara K, Takei H, Motoyoshi M, Kobayashi M. Insulin potentiates inhibitory synaptic currents between fast-spiking and pyramidal neurons in the rat insular cortex. Neuropharmacology 2023:109649. [PMID: 37393988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin plays roles in brain functions such as neural development and plasticity and is reported to be involved in dementia and depression. However, little information is available on the insulin-mediated modulation of electrophysiological activities, especially in the cerebral cortex. This study examined how insulin modulates the neural activities of inhibitory neurons and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in rat insular cortex (IC; either sex) by multiple whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We demonstrated that insulin increased the repetitive spike firing rate with a decrease in the threshold potential without changing the resting membrane potentials and input resistance of fast-spiking GABAergic neurons (FSNs). Next, we found a dose-dependent enhancement of unitary IPSCs (uIPSCs) by insulin in the connections from FSNs to pyramidal neurons (PNs). The insulin-induced enhancement of uIPSCs accompanied decreases in the paired-pulse ratio, suggesting that insulin increases GABA release from presynaptic terminals. The finding of miniature IPSC recordings of the increased frequency without changing the amplitude supports this hypothesis. Insulin had little effect on uIPSCs under the coapplication of S961, an insulin receptor antagonist, or lavendustin A, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase. The PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin or the PKB/Akt inhibitors, deguelin and Akt inhibitor VIII, blocked the insulin-induced enhancement of uIPSCs. Intracellular application of Akt inhibitor VIII to presynaptic FSNs also blocked insulin-induced enhancement of uIPSCs. In contrast, uIPSCs were enhanced by insulin in combination with the MAPK inhibitor PD98059. These results suggest that insulin facilitates the inhibition of PNs by increases in FSN firing frequency and IPSCs from FSNs to PNs. (250 words).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kosukegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hirose
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Pedodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kitano
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kotoe Mayahara
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takei
- Department of Dentistry, Saitama Prefectural Children's Medical Center, 1-2, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama-shi, 3330-8777, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Motoyoshi
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cauli B, Dusart I, Li D. Lactate as a determinant of neuronal excitability, neuroenergetics and beyond. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106207. [PMID: 37331530 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, lactate has emerged as important energy substrate for the brain fueling of neurons. A growing body of evidence now indicates that it is also a signaling molecule modulating neuronal excitability and activity as well as brain functions. In this review, we will briefly summarize how different cell types produce and release lactate. We will further describe different signaling mechanisms allowing lactate to fine-tune neuronal excitability and activity, and will finally discuss how these mechanisms could cooperate to modulate neuroenergetics and higher order brain functions both in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cauli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Isabelle Dusart
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gruber J, Hanssen R, Qubad M, Bouzouina A, Schack V, Sochor H, Schiweck C, Aichholzer M, Matura S, Slattery DA, Zopf Y, Borgland SL, Reif A, Thanarajah SE. Impact of insulin and insulin resistance on brain dopamine signalling and reward processing- an underexplored mechanism in the pathophysiology of depression? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105179. [PMID: 37059404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the leading causes of disability worldwide and have a high comorbidity rate with fatal outcomes. Despite the long-established association between these conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Since the discovery of insulin receptors in the brain and the brain's reward system, evidence has accumulated indicating that insulin modulates dopaminergic (DA) signalling and reward behaviour. Here, we review the evidence from rodent and human studies, that insulin resistance directly alters central DA pathways, which may result in motivational deficits and depressive symptoms. Specifically, we first elaborate on the differential effects of insulin on DA signalling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - the primary DA source region in the midbrain - and the striatum as well as its effects on behaviour. We then focus on the alterations induced by insulin deficiency and resistance. Finally, we review the impact of insulin resistance in DA pathways in promoting depressive symptoms and anhedonia on a molecular and epidemiological level and discuss its relevance for stratified treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Hanssen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Prevention Medicine, Germany
| | - Mishal Qubad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aicha Bouzouina
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivi Schack
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Sochor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mareike Aichholzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yurdaguel Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Lakic I, Ruzicic A, Jasnic N, Djurasevic S, Djordjevic J, Vujovic P. The Expression of Insulin in the Central Nervous System: What Have We Learned So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076586. [PMID: 37047558 PMCID: PMC10095302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After being discovered over a century ago, insulin was long considered to be a hormone exclusively produced by the pancreas. Insulin presence was later discovered in the brain, which was originally accounted for by its transport across the blood-brain barrier. Considering that both insulin mRNA and insulin were detected in the central nervous system (CNS), it is now known that this hormone is also synthesized in several brain regions, including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral and cerebellar cortex, and olfactory bulb. Although many roles of insulin in the CNS have been described, it was initially unknown which of them could be attributed to brain-derived and which to pancreatic insulin or whether their actions in the brain overlap. However, more and more studies have been emerging lately, focusing solely on the roles of brain-derived insulin. The aim of this review was to present the latest findings on the roles of brain-derived insulin, including neuroprotection, control of growth hormone secretion, and regulation of appetite and neuronal glucose uptake. Lastly, the impairment of signaling initiated by brain-derived insulin was addressed in regard to memory decline in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ruzicic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sinisa Djurasevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry Ivan Djaja, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Actions and Consequences of Insulin in the Striatum. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030518. [PMID: 36979453 PMCID: PMC10046598 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier to enter the brain from the periphery. In the brain, insulin has well-established actions in the hypothalamus, as well as at the level of mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Notably, insulin also acts in the striatum, which shows abundant expression of insulin receptors (InsRs) throughout. These receptors are found on interneurons and striatal projections neurons, as well as on glial cells and dopamine axons. A striking functional consequence of insulin elevation in the striatum is promoting an increase in stimulated dopamine release. This boosting of dopamine release involves InsRs on cholinergic interneurons, and requires activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine axons. Opposing this dopamine-enhancing effect, insulin also increases dopamine uptake through the action of insulin at InsRs on dopamine axons. Insulin acts on other striatal cells as well, including striatal projection neurons and astrocytes that also influence dopaminergic transmission and striatal function. Linking these cellular findings to behavior, striatal insulin signaling is required for the development of flavor–nutrient learning, implicating insulin as a reward signal in the brain. In this review, we discuss these and other actions of insulin in the striatum, including how they are influenced by diet and other physio-logical states.
Collapse
|
14
|
Function of the GABAergic System in Diabetic Encephalopathy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:605-619. [PMID: 35460435 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by loss of blood sugar control and a high rate of complications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) functions as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain. The normal function of the GABAergic system is affected in diabetes. Herein, we summarize the role of the GABAergic system in diabetic cognitive dysfunction, diabetic blood sugar control disorders, diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy, diabetic central nervous system damage, maintaining diabetic brain energy homeostasis, helping central control of blood sugar and attenuating neuronal oxidative stress damage. We show the key regulatory role of the GABAergic system in multiple comorbidities in patients with diabetes and hope that further studies elucidating the role of the GABAergic system will yield benefits for the treatment and prevention of comorbidities in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:287-301. [PMID: 36606696 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental factors. Besides central regulation of whole-body homeostasis, insulin in the central nervous system controls molecular signalling that is critical for cognitive performance, namely signalling through pathways that modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This review provides an overview on how insulin signalling in the brain might regulate brain energy metabolism, and further identified molecular mechanisms by which brain insulin resistance might impair synaptic fuelling, and lead to cognitive deterioration.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu S, Wang X, Zheng Q, Gao L, Sun Q. Sleep Deprivation and Central Appetite Regulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245196. [PMID: 36558355 PMCID: PMC9783730 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research shows that reduced sleep duration is related to an increased risk of obesity. The relationship between sleep deprivation and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases may be related to the imbalance of appetite regulation. To comprehensively illustrate the specific relationship between sleep deprivation and appetite regulation, this review introduces the pathophysiology of sleep deprivation, the research cutting edge of animal models, and the central regulatory mechanism of appetite under sleep deprivation. This paper summarizes the changes in appetite-related hormones orexin, ghrelin, leptin, and insulin secretion caused by long-term sleep deprivation based on the epidemiology data and animal studies that have established sleep deprivation models. Moreover, this review analyzes the potential mechanism of associations between appetite regulation and sleep deprivation, providing more clues on further studies and new strategies to access obesity and metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuailing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lanyue Gao
- Experimental Center for School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-15840312720
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Al-Onaizi M, Al-Sarraf A, Braysh K, Kazem F, Al-Hussaini H, Rao M, Kilarkaje N, ElAli A. Impaired spatial navigation and age-dependent hippocampal synaptic dysfunction are associated with chronic inflammatory response in db/db mice. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6003-6021. [PMID: 36226387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been proposed to be driven by an abnormal neuroinflammatory response affecting cognitive function. However, the impact of T2DM on hippocampal function and synaptic integrity during aging has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of aging in T2DM on AD-like pathology using the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse model of T2DM. Our results indicate that adult T2DM mice exhibited impaired spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze (MWM). Morphological analysis showed an age-dependent neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus. We found that astrocyte density was significantly decreased in all regions of the hippocampus in T2DM mice. Our analysis showed that microglial activation was increased in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner in T2DM mice. However, the expression of presynaptic marker protein (synaptophysin) and the postsynaptic marker protein [postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)] was unchanged in the hippocampus of adult T2DM mice. Interestingly, synaptophysin and PSD95 expression significantly decreased in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice, suggesting an impaired hippocampal synaptic integrity. Cytokine profiling analysis displayed a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice compared with the younger cohort, outlining the role of aging in exacerbating the neuroinflammatory profile in the diabetic state. Our results suggest that T2DM impairs cognitive function by promoting neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus and triggering an age-dependent deterioration in hippocampal synaptic integrity, associated with an aberrant neuroinflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Sarraf
- Undergraduate Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Kazem
- Undergraduate Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Q, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. The Role of Insulin Signaling in Hippocampal-Related Diseases: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214417. [PMID: 36430894 PMCID: PMC9699017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global concern and has become a major public health event affecting human health. Insulin is a metabolic hormone secreted mainly by the peripheral tissue pancreas. In recent years, more and more evidence has proved that insulin regulates various functions of the brain. The hippocampus, one of the earliest brain regions affected by AD, is widely distributed with insulin receptors. Studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance, is closely related to AD, which has drawn extensive attention to the relationship between hippocampal insulin signaling and AD. Therefore, we provide an overview of intranasal insulin administration on memory and its underlying mechanism. We also highlight the molecular link between hippocampal insulin resistance and AD and provide a theoretical basis for finding new therapeutic targets for AD in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaoxing Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-3778; Fax: +86-10-6273-3199
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beck JS, Madaj Z, Cheema CT, Kara B, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Gordon MN, Ginsberg SD, Mufson EJ, Counts SE. Co-expression network analysis of frontal cortex during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5108-5120. [PMID: 35076713 PMCID: PMC9667180 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its putative prodromal stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), involve the dysregulation of multiple candidate molecular pathways that drive selective cellular vulnerability in cognitive brain regions. However, the spatiotemporal overlap of markers for pathway dysregulation in different brain regions and cell types presents a challenge for pinpointing causal versus epiphenomenal changes characterizing disease progression. To approach this problem, we performed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and STRING interactome analysis of gene expression patterns quantified in frontal cortex samples (Brodmann area 10) from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, aMCI, or mild/moderate AD. Frontal cortex was chosen due to the relatively protracted involvement of this region in AD, which might reveal pathways associated with disease onset. A co-expressed network correlating with clinical diagnosis was functionally associated with insulin signaling, with insulin (INS) being the most highly connected gene within the network. Co-expressed networks correlating with neuropathological diagnostic criteria (e.g., NIA-Reagan Likelihood of AD) were associated with platelet-endothelium-leucocyte cell adhesion pathways and hypoxia-oxidative stress. Dysregulation of these functional pathways may represent incipient alterations impacting disease progression and the clinical presentation of aMCI and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Beck
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Calvin T Cheema
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Betul Kara
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eerola K, Longo F, Reinbothe TM, Richard JE, Shevchouk OT, López-Ferreras L, Mishra D, Asker M, Tolö J, Miranda C, Musovic S, Olofsson CS, Rorsman P, Skibicka KP. Hindbrain insulin controls feeding behavior. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101614. [PMID: 36244663 PMCID: PMC9637798 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic insulin was discovered a century ago, and this discovery led to the first lifesaving treatment for diabetes. While still controversial, nearly one hundred published reports suggest that insulin is also produced in the brain, with most focusing on hypothalamic or cortical insulin-producing cells. However, specific function for insulin produced within the brain remains poorly understood. Here we identify insulin expression in the hindbrain's dorsal vagal complex (DVC), and determine the role of this source of insulin in feeding and metabolism, as well as its response to diet-induced obesity in mice. METHODS To determine the contribution of Ins2-producing neurons to feeding behavior in mice, we used the cross of transgenic RipHER-cre mouse and channelrhodopsin-2 expressing animals, which allowed us to optogenetically stimulate neurons expressing Ins2 in vivo. To confirm the presence of insulin expression in Rip-labeled DVC cells, in situ hybridization was used. To ascertain the specific role of insulin in effects discovered via optogenetic stimulation a selective, CNS applied, insulin receptor antagonist was used. To understand the physiological contribution of insulin made in the hindbrain a virogenetic knockdown strategy was used. RESULTS Insulin gene expression and presence of insulin-promoter driven fluorescence in rat insulin promoter (Rip)-transgenic mice were detected in the hypothalamus, but also in the DVC. Insulin mRNA was present in nearly all fluorescently labeled cells in DVC. Diet-induced obesity in mice altered brain insulin gene expression, in a neuroanatomically divergent manner; while in the hypothalamus the expected obesity-induced reduction was found, in the DVC diet-induced obesity resulted in increased expression of the insulin gene. This led us to hypothesize a potentially divergent energy balance role of insulin in these two brain areas. To determine the acute impact of activating insulin-producing neurons in the DVC, optic stimulation of light-sensitive channelrhodopsin 2 in Rip-transgenic mice was utilized. Optogenetic photoactivation induced hyperphagia after acute activation of the DVC insulin neurons. This hyperphagia was blocked by central application of the insulin receptor antagonist S961, suggesting the feeding response was driven by insulin. To determine whether DVC insulin has a necessary contribution to feeding and metabolism, virogenetic insulin gene knockdown (KD) strategy, which allows for site-specific reduction of insulin gene expression in adult mice, was used. While chow-fed mice failed to reveal any changes of feeding or thermogenesis in response to the KD, mice challenged with a high-fat diet consumed less food. No changes in body weight were identified, possibly resulting from compensatory reduction in thermogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data suggest an important role for hindbrain insulin and insulin-producing cells in energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Eerola
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Unit of Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Francesco Longo
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Devesh Mishra
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Asker
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Tolö
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Miranda
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saliha Musovic
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Rorsman
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Karolina P. Skibicka
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Nutritional Sciences and The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. Fax: +46 31 786 3512.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A glibenclamide-sensitive TRPM4-mediated component of CA1 excitatory postsynaptic potentials appears in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6000. [PMID: 35397639 PMCID: PMC8994783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel contributes to disease severity in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis and to neuronal cell death in models of excitotoxicity and traumatic brain injury. As TRPM4 is activated by intracellular calcium and conducts monovalent cations, we hypothesized that TRPM4 may contribute to and boost excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Using single-spine calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we found no effect of the TRPM4 antagonists 9-phenanthrol and glibenclamide on synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices from healthy mice. In contrast, glibenclamide but not 9-phenanthrol reduced excitatory synaptic potentials in slices from EAE mice, an effect that was absent in slices from EAE mice lacking TRPM4. We conclude that TRPM4 plays little role in basal hippocampal synaptic transmission, but a glibenclamide-sensitive TRPM4-mediated contribution to excitatory postsynaptic responses is upregulated at the acute phase of EAE.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration: Trick or Treat? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071425. [PMID: 35406040 PMCID: PMC9003269 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of a strong link between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. Indeed, epidemiologic studies have described solid associations between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration, whereas animal models contributed for the clarification of the mechanistic underlying the complex relationships between these conditions, having the development of an insulin resistance state a pivotal role in this relationship. Herein, we review in a concise manner the association between metabolic syndrome and neurodegeneration. We start by providing concepts regarding the role of insulin and insulin signaling pathways as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms that are in the genesis of metabolic diseases. Then, we focus on the role of insulin in the brain, with special attention to its function in the regulation of brain glucose metabolism, feeding, and cognition. Moreover, we extensively report on the association between neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases, with a particular emphasis on the evidence observed in animal models of dysmetabolism induced by hypercaloric diets. We also debate on strategies to prevent and/or delay neurodegeneration through the normalization of whole-body glucose homeostasis, particularly via the modulation of the carotid bodies, organs known to be key in connecting the periphery with the brain.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sagehashi N, Obara Y, Maruyama O, Nakagawa T, Hosoi T, Ishii K. Insulin enhances gene expression of Midnolin, a novel genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease, via ERK, PI3-kinase and multiple transcription factors in SH-SY5Y cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:68-78. [PMID: 35241633 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although many monogenic variants have been identified that cause familial PD, most cases are sporadic and the mechanisms of sporadic PD onset remain unclear. We previously identified Midnolin (MIDN) as a novel genetic risk factor for PD in Japanese population. MIDN copy number loss was strongly associated with sporadic PD, which was replicated in British population. Furthermore, suppression of MIDN expression in rat PC12 cells inhibits neurite outgrowth and expression of Parkin ubiquitin ligase. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of MIDN expression are unknown. We, therefore, investigated the molecular mechanism of MIDN expression in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that MIDN expression was promoted by insulin via extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and PI3-kinase-dependent pathways. In addition, MIDN promoter activity was enhanced by mutations at transcription factor AP-2 consensus sequences and reduced by mutations at cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) consensus sequences. The dominant-negative CREB mutant did not block MIDN promoter activity, but both the pharmacological inhibitor and decoy oligodeoxynucleotide for AP-1 significantly blocked its activity. Additionally, DNA binding of c-FOS and c-JUN to the AP-1 consensus sequence in the MIDN promoter was enhanced by insulin as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, which suggested that AP-1 positively regulated MIDN expression. Taken together, this study reveals molecular mechanisms of MIDN gene expression induced by insulin in neuronal cells, and drugs which promote MIDN expression may have potential to be a novel medicine for PD. Significance Statement We demonstrated that insulin promotes MIDN expression via ERK1/2 and PI3-kinase pathways. Furthermore, we identified the important region of the MIDN promoter and showed that transcription factors, including AP-1, positively regulate MIDN expression, whereas TFAP2 negatively regulates basal and insulin-induced MIDN expression. We believe that our observations are important and that they contribute to the development of novel drugs to treat Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
De Iuliis A, Montinaro E, Fatati G, Plebani M, Colosimo C. Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease: dangerous liaisons between insulin and dopamine. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:523-533. [PMID: 34380882 PMCID: PMC8504381 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease has been described in several epidemiological studies over the 1960s to date. Molecular studies have shown the possible functional link between insulin and dopamine, as there is strong evidence demonstrating the action of dopamine in pancreatic islets, as well as the insulin effects on feeding and cognition through central nervous system mechanism, largely independent of glucose utilization. Therapies used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus appear to be promising candidates for symptomatic and/or disease-modifying action in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, while an old dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, has been repositioned for the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. This review will aim at reappraising the different studies that have highlighted the dangerous liaisons between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ennio Montinaro
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DiMED, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DiMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang D, Hou X, Yang G, Li M, Zhang J, Han M, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Effects of the POMC System on Glucose Homeostasis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Obesity and Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2939-2950. [PMID: 36186941 PMCID: PMC9521683 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s380577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is indispensable in energy regulation and glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that pro-opiomelanocortin neurons receive both central neuronal signals, such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, β-endorphin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, as well as sense peripheral signals such as leptin, insulin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon-like peptide-2, affecting glucose metabolism through their corresponding receptors and related signaling pathways. Abnormalities in these processes can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which these signal molecules fulfill their role remain unclear. Consequently, in this review, we explored the mechanisms of these hormones and signals on obesity and diabetes to suggest potential therapeutic targets for obesity-related metabolic diseases. Multi-drug combination therapy for obesity and diabetes is becoming a trend and requires further research to help patients to better control their blood glucose and improve their prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhang, Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Yunfeng Liu, Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18703416196, Email
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chavoshinezhad S, Zibaii MI, Seyed Nazari MH, Ronaghi A, Asgari Taei A, Ghorbani A, Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Valian N, Motamedi F, Haghparast A, Dargahi L. Optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal cortex reveals the implication of insulin signaling in adult rat's hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110344. [PMID: 33964323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus plays a critical role in learning and memory. Projections originating from entorhinal cortex, known as the perforant pathway, provide the main input to the dentate gyrus and promote neurogenesis. However, neuromodulators and molecular changes mediating neurogenic effects of this pathway are not yet fully understood. Here, by means of an optogenetic approach, we investigated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult rats induced by stimulation of the perforant pathway. The lentiviruses carrying hChR2 (H134R)-mCherry gene under the control of the CaMKII promoter were injected into the medial entorhinal cortex region of adult rats. After 21 days, the entorhinal cortex region was exposed to the blue laser (473 nm) for five consecutive days (30 min/day). The expression of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis markers in the hippocampus were evaluated using molecular and histological approaches. In parallel, the changes in the gene expression of insulin and its signaling pathway, trophic factors, and components of mitochondrial biogenesis were assessed. Our results showed that optogenetic stimulation of the entorhinal cortex promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity concomitant with the increased levels of insulin mRNA and its signaling markers, neurotrophic factors, and activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that effects of perforant pathway stimulation on the hippocampus, at least in part, are mediated by insulin increase in the dentate gyrus and subsequently activation of its downstream signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdolaziz Ronaghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Karagiannis A, Gallopin T, Lacroix A, Plaisier F, Piquet J, Geoffroy H, Hepp R, Naudé J, Le Gac B, Egger R, Lambolez B, Li D, Rossier J, Staiger JF, Imamura H, Seino S, Roeper J, Cauli B. Lactate is an energy substrate for rodent cortical neurons and enhances their firing activity. eLife 2021; 10:e71424. [PMID: 34766906 PMCID: PMC8651295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the mandatory fuel for the brain, yet the relative contribution of glucose and lactate for neuronal energy metabolism is unclear. We found that increased lactate, but not glucose concentration, enhances the spiking activity of neurons of the cerebral cortex. Enhanced spiking was dependent on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels formed with KCNJ11 and ABCC8 subunits, which we show are functionally expressed in most neocortical neuronal types. We also demonstrate the ability of cortical neurons to take-up and metabolize lactate. We further reveal that ATP is produced by cortical neurons largely via oxidative phosphorylation and only modestly by glycolysis. Our data demonstrate that in active neurons, lactate is preferred to glucose as an energy substrate, and that lactate metabolism shapes neuronal activity in the neocortex through KATP channels. Our results highlight the importance of metabolic crosstalk between neurons and astrocytes for brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Karagiannis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Thierry Gallopin
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI ParisParisFrance
| | - Alexandre Lacroix
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Fabrice Plaisier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Juliette Piquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI ParisParisFrance
| | - Régine Hepp
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Jérémie Naudé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Benjamin Le Gac
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Richard Egger
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Jean Rossier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI ParisParisFrance
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August- University GöttingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of MedicineHyogoJapan
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bruno Cauli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yassine HN, Solomon V, Thakral A, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Chui HC, Braskie MN, Schneider LS, Talbot K. Brain energy failure in dementia syndromes: Opportunities and challenges for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 18:478-497. [PMID: 34647685 PMCID: PMC8940606 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medications for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) offer a promising path for discovery and development of effective interventions for dementia syndromes. A common feature of dementia syndromes is an energy failure due to reduced energy supply to neurons and is associated with synaptic loss and results in cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Among diabetes medications, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists (RAs) promote protective effects on vascular, microglial, and neuronal functions. In this review, we present evidence from animal models, imaging studies, and clinical trials that support developing GLP‐1 RAs for dementia syndromes. The review examines how changes in brain energy metabolism differ in conditions of insulin resistance and T2DM from dementia and underscores the challenges that arise from the heterogeneity of dementia syndromes. The development of GLP‐1 RAs as dementia therapies requires a deeper understanding of the regional changes in brain energy homeostasis guided by novel imaging biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angad Thakral
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Konrad Talbot
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Human Anatomy, and Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Flintoff J, Kesby JP, Siskind D, Burne TH. Treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia with GLP-1RAs: an overview of their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:877-891. [PMID: 34213981 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1951702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of individuals worldwide. There are no available medications to treat cognitive impairment in this patient population currently. Preclinical evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve cognitive function. There is a need to evaluate how GLP-1 RAs alter specific domains of cognition and whether they will be of therapeutic benefit in individuals with schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED This paper summarizes the effects of GLP-1 RAs on metabolic processes in the brain and how these mechanisms relate to improved cognitive function. We provide an overview of preclinical studies that demonstrate GLP-1 RAs improve cognition and comment on their potential therapeutic benefit in individuals with schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION To understand the benefits of GLP-1 RAs in individuals with schizophrenia, further preclinical research with rodent models relevant to schizophrenia symptomology are needed. Moreover, preclinical studies must focus on using a wider range of behavioral assays to understand whether important aspects of cognition such as executive function, attention, and goal-directed behavior are improved using GLP-1 RAs. Further research into the specific mechanisms of how GLP-1 RAs affect cognitive function and their interactions with antipsychotic medication commonly prescribed is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Flintoff
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James P Kesby
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Hj Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Agrawal R, Reno CM, Sharma S, Christensen C, Huang Y, Fisher SJ. Insulin action in the brain regulates both central and peripheral functions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E156-E163. [PMID: 34056920 PMCID: PMC8321819 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00642.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The brain has been traditionally thought to be insensitive to insulin, primarily because insulin does not stimulate glucose uptake/metabolism in the brain (as it does in classic insulin-sensitive tissues such as muscle, liver, and fat). However, over the past 20 years, research in this field has identified unique actions of insulin in the brain. There is accumulating evidence that insulin crosses into the brain and regulates central nervous system functions such as feeding, depression, and cognitive behavior. In addition, insulin acts in the brain to regulate systemic functions such as hepatic glucose production, lipolysis, lipogenesis, reproductive competence, and the sympathoadrenal response to hypoglycemia. Decrements in brain insulin action (or brain insulin resistance) can be observed in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicating a possible link between metabolic and cognitive health. Here, we describe recent findings on the pleiotropic actions of insulin in the brain and highlight the precise sites, specific neuronal population, and roles for supportive astrocytic cells through which insulin acts in the brain. In addition, we also discuss how boosting brain insulin action could be a therapeutic option for people at an increased risk of developing metabolic and cognitive diseases such as AD and T2DM. Overall, this perspective article serves to highlight some of these key scientific findings, identify unresolved issues, and indicate future directions of research in this field that would serve to improve the lives of people with metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agrawal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Candace M Reno
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sunny Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Camille Christensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yiqing Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Simon J Fisher
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Al Hussein Al Awamlh S, Wareham LK, Risner ML, Calkins DJ. Insulin Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4672. [PMID: 33925119 PMCID: PMC8124776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease that is conventionally managed with treatments to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Despite these efforts, many patients continue to lose their vision. The degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the optic tract that characterizes glaucoma is similar to neurodegeneration in other age-related disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Identifying the different molecular signaling pathways that contribute to early neuronal dysfunction can be utilized for neuroprotective strategies that prevent degeneration. The discovery of insulin and its receptor in the CNS and retina led to exploration of the role of insulin signaling in the CNS. Historically, insulin was considered a peripherally secreted hormone that regulated glucose homeostasis, with no obvious roles in the CNS. However, a growing number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of modulating insulin signaling in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will highlight the role that insulin signaling plays in RGC neurodegeneration. We will focus on how this pathway can be therapeutically targeted to promote RGC axon survival and preserve vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al Hussein Al Awamlh
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.A.H.A.A.); (L.K.W.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Lauren K. Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.A.H.A.A.); (L.K.W.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Michael L. Risner
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.A.H.A.A.); (L.K.W.); (M.L.R.)
| | - David J. Calkins
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.A.H.A.A.); (L.K.W.); (M.L.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mitchell CS, Begg DP. The regulation of food intake by insulin in the central nervous system. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12952. [PMID: 33656205 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Food intake and energy expenditure are regulated by peripheral signals providing feedback on nutrient status and adiposity to the central nervous system. One of these signals is the pancreatic hormone, insulin. Unlike peripheral administration of insulin, which often causes weight gain, central administration of insulin leads to a reduction in food intake and body weight when administered long-term. This is a result of feedback processes in regions of the brain that regulate food intake. Within the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains subpopulations of neurones that produce orexinergic neuropeptides agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and anorexigenic neuropeptides, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)/cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin down-regulates the expression of AgRP/NPY at the same time as up-regulating expression of POMC/CART. Recent evidence suggests that insulin activity within the amygdala may play an important role in regulating energy balance. Insulin infusion into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) can decrease food intake, possibly by modulating activity of NPY and other neurone subpopulations. Insulin signalling within the CeA can also influence stress-induced obesity. Overall, it is evident that the CeA is a critical target for insulin signalling and the regulation of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denovan P Begg
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The intranasal (IN) route enables the delivery of insulin to the central nervous system in the relative absence of systemic uptake and related peripheral side effects. Intranasally administered insulin is assumed to travel along olfactory and adjacent pathways and has been shown to rapidly accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid, indicating efficient transport to the brain. Two decades of studies in healthy humans and patients have demonstrated that IN insulin exerts functional effects on metabolism, such as reductions in food intake and body weight and improvements of glucose homeostasis, as well as cognition, ie, enhancements of memory performance both in healthy individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease; these studies moreover indicate a favourable safety profile of the acute and repeated use of IN insulin. Emerging findings suggest that IN insulin also modulates neuroendocrine activity, sleep-related mechanisms, sensory perception and mood. Some, but not all studies point to sex differences in the response to IN insulin that need to be further investigated along with the impact of age. "Brain insulin resistance" is an evolving concept that posits impairments in central nervous insulin signalling as a pathophysiological factor in metabolic and cognitive disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, and, notably, a target of interventions that rely on IN insulin. Still, the negative outcomes of longer-term IN insulin trials in individuals with obesity or Alzheimer's disease highlight the need for conceptual as well as methodological advances to translate the promising results of proof-of-concept experiments and pilot clinical trials into the successful clinical application of IN insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sallam NA, Borgland SL. Insulin and endocannabinoids in the mesolimbic system. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12965. [PMID: 33856071 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Easy access to palatable food and an abundance of food-related cues exacerbate non-homeostatic feeding. The metabolic and economical sequelae of non-homeostatic feeding outweigh those of homeostatic feeding and contribute significantly to the global obesity pandemic. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary central circuit that governs the motivation to consume food. Insulin and endocannabinoids (eCBs) are two major, presumably opposing, players in regulating homeostatic and non-homeostatic feeding centrally and peripherally. Insulin is generally regarded as a postprandial satiety signal, whereas eCBs mainly function as pre-prandial orexinergic signals. In this review, we discuss the effects of insulin and eCB-mediated actions within the mesolimbic pathways. We propose that insulin and eCBs have regional- and time course-dependent roles. We discuss their mechanisms of actions in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, as well as how their mechanisms converge to finely tune dopaminergic activity and food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Craft S, Raman R, Chow TW, Rafii MS, Sun CK, Rissman RA, Donohue MC, Brewer JB, Jenkins C, Harless K, Gessert D, Aisen PS. Safety, Efficacy, and Feasibility of Intranasal Insulin for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:1099-1109. [PMID: 32568367 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Insulin modulates aspects of brain function relevant to Alzheimer disease and can be delivered to the brain using intranasal devices. To date, the use of intranasal insulin to treat persons with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia remains to be examined in a multi-site trial. Objective To examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of intranasal insulin for the treatment of persons with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease dementia in a phase 2/3 multisite clinical trial. Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized (1:1) double-blind clinical trial was conducted between 2014 and 2018. Participants received 40 IU of insulin or placebo for 12 months during the blinded phase, which was followed by a 6-month open-label extension phase. The clinical trial was conducted at 27 sites of the Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute. A total of 432 adults were screened, and 144 adults were excluded. Inclusion criteria included adults aged 55 to 85 years with a diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease (based on National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer Association criteria), a score of 20 or higher on the Mini-Mental State Examination, a clinical dementia rating of 0.5 or 1.0, and a delayed logical memory score within a specified range. A total of 289 participants were randomized. Among the first 49 participants, the first device (device 1) used to administer intranasal insulin treatment had inconsistent reliability. A new device (device 2) was used for the remaining 240 participants, who were designated the primary intention-to-treat population. Data were analyzed from August 2018 to March 2019. Interventions Participants received 40 IU of insulin (Humulin-RU-100; Lilly) or placebo (diluent) daily for 12 months (blinded phase) followed by a 6-month open-label extension phase. Insulin was administered with 2 intranasal delivery devices. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome (mean score change on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 12) was evaluated at 3-month intervals. Secondary clinical outcomes were assessed at 6-month intervals. Cerebrospinal fluid collection and magnetic resonance imaging scans occurred at baseline and 12 months. Results A total of 289 participants (155 men [54.6%]; mean [SD] age, 70.9 [7.1] years) were randomized. Of those, 260 participants completed the blinded phase, and 240 participants completed the open-label extension phase. For the first 49 participants, the first device used to administer treatment had inconsistent reliability. A second device was used for the remaining 240 participants (123 men [51.3%]; mean [SD] age, 70.8 [7.1] years), who were designated the primary intention-to-treat population. No differences were observed between treatment arms for the primary outcome (mean score change on ADAS-cog-12 from baseline to month 12) in the device 2 ITT cohort (0.0258 points; 95% CI, -1.771 to 1.822 points; P = .98) or for the other clinical or cerebrospinal fluid outcomes in the primary (second device) intention-to-treat analysis. No clinically important adverse events were associated with treatment. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, no cognitive or functional benefits were observed with intranasal insulin treatment over a 12-month period among the primary intention-to-treat cohort. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01767909.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Tiffany W Chow
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Chung-Kai Sun
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - James B Brewer
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Cecily Jenkins
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Kelly Harless
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Devon Gessert
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Automatic deep learning-driven label-free image-guided patch clamp system. Nat Commun 2021; 12:936. [PMID: 33568670 PMCID: PMC7875980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patch clamp recording of neurons is a labor-intensive and time-consuming procedure. Here, we demonstrate a tool that fully automatically performs electrophysiological recordings in label-free tissue slices. The automation covers the detection of cells in label-free images, calibration of the micropipette movement, approach to the cell with the pipette, formation of the whole-cell configuration, and recording. The cell detection is based on deep learning. The model is trained on a new image database of neurons in unlabeled brain tissue slices. The pipette tip detection and approaching phase use image analysis techniques for precise movements. High-quality measurements are performed on hundreds of human and rodent neurons. We also demonstrate that further molecular and anatomical analysis can be performed on the recorded cells. The software has a diary module that automatically logs patch clamp events. Our tool can multiply the number of daily measurements to help brain research. Patch clamp recording of neurons is slow and labor-intensive. Here the authors present a method for automated deep learning driven label-free image guided patch clamp physiology to perform measurements on hundreds of human and rodent neurons.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tyagi A, Pugazhenthi S. Targeting Insulin Resistance to Treat Cognitive Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2672-2691. [PMID: 33483903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a devastating disease associated with aging. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported by recent clinical and preclinical studies. The findings from these studies suggest that antidiabetic drugs have the potential to be used to treat dementia. In this review, we discuss the physiological functions of insulin in the brain, studies on the evaluation of cognitive function under conditions of insulin resistance, and reports on the beneficial actions of antidiabetic drugs in the brain. This review covers clinical studies as well as investigations in animal models and will further highlight the emerging link between insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anit Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Brain insulin signaling contributes to memory function and might be a viable target in the prevention and treatment of memory impairments including Alzheimer's disease. This short narrative review explores the potential of central nervous system (CNS) insulin administration via the intranasal pathway to improve memory performance in health and disease, with a focus on the most recent results. Proof-of-concept studies and (pilot) clinical trials in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease indicate that acute and prolonged intranasal insulin administration enhances memory performance, and suggest that brain insulin resistance is a pathophysiological factor in Alzheimer's disease with or without concomitant metabolic dysfunction. Intranasally administered insulin is assumed to trigger improvements in synaptic plasticity and regional glucose uptake as well as alleviations of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology; additional contributions of changes in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and sleep-related mechanisms are discussed. While intranasal insulin delivery has been conclusively demonstrated to be effective and safe, the recent outcomes of large-scale clinical studies underline the need for further investigations, which might also yield new insights into sex differences in the response to intranasal insulin and contribute to the optimization of delivery devices to grasp the full potential of intranasal insulin for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee J, Kim K, Cho JH, Bae JY, O'Leary TP, Johnson JD, Bae YC, Kim EK. Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135412. [PMID: 32644973 PMCID: PMC7455129 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has mounted that insulin can be synthesized in various brain regions, including the hypothalamus. However, the distribution and functions of insulin-expressing cells in the hypothalamus remain elusive. Herein, we show that in the mouse hypothalamus, the perikarya of insulin-positive neurons are located in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and their axons project to the median eminence; these findings define parvocellular neurosecretory PVN insulin neurons. Contrary to corticotropin-releasing hormone expression, insulin expression in the PVN was inhibited by restraint stress (RS) in both adult and young mice. Acute RS–induced inhibition of PVN insulin expression in adult mice decreased both pituitary growth hormone (Gh) mRNA level and serum GH concentration, which were attenuated by overexpression of PVN insulin. Notably, PVN insulin knockdown or chronic RS in young mice hindered normal growth via the downregulation of GH gene expression and secretion, whereas PVN insulin overexpression in young mice prevented chronic RS–induced growth retardation by elevating GH production. Our results suggest that in both normal and stressful conditions, insulin synthesized in the parvocellular PVN neurons plays an important role in the regulation of pituitary GH production and body length, unveiling a physiological function of brain-derived insulin. Insulin produced in the paraventricular nucleus regulates body length by modulating pituitary growth hormone expression and secretion under both normal and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemeun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyungchan Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Timothy P O'Leary
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Söderbom G, Zeng BY. The NLRP3 inflammasome as a bridge between neuro-inflammation in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:345-391. [PMID: 32739011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence increasingly suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). These diseases share many pathological processes, including oxidative stress, local inflammation/neuroinflammation and chronic, low-grade (systemic) inflammation, which are exacerbated by aging, a common risk factor for T2DM and NDDs. Here, we focus on the link between chronic inflammation driven by peripheral metabolic disease and how this may impact neurodegeneration in AD and PD. We review the relationship between these common pathological processes in AD and PD from the perspective of the "pro-inflammatory" signaling of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-, leucine-rich repeat- (LRR)-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Since the need for effective disease-modifying therapies in T2DM, AD and PD is significant, the relationship between these diseases is important as a positive clinical impact on one may benefit the others. We briefly consider how novel strategies may target neuro-inflammation and provide potential therapies for AD and PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bai-Yun Zeng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pedro JR, Moura LIF, Valério-Fernandes Â, Baptista FI, Gaspar JM, Pinheiro BS, Lemos C, Kaufmann FN, Morgado C, Silva-Santos CSD, Tavares I, Ferreira SG, Carvalho E, Ambrósio AF, Cunha RA, Duarte JMN, Köfalvi A. Transient gain of function of cannabinoid CB 1 receptors in the control of frontocortical glucose consumption in a rat model of Type-1 diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:106-115. [PMID: 32428627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here we aimed to unify some previous controversial reports on changes in both cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) expression and glucose metabolism in the forebrain of rodent models of diabetes. We determined how glucose metabolism and its modulation by CB1R ligands evolve in the frontal cortex of young adult male Wistar rats, in the first 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes (T1D). We report that frontocortical CB1R protein density was biphasically altered in the first month of T1D, which was accompanied with a reduction of resting glucose uptake ex vivo in acute frontocortical slices that was normalized after eight weeks in T1D. This early reduction of glucose uptake in slices was also restored by ex vivo treatment with both the non-selective CB1R agonists, WIN55212-2 (500 nM) and the CB1R-selective agonist, ACEA (3 μM) while it was exacerbated by the CB1R-selective antagonist, O-2050 (500 nM). These results suggest a gain-of-function for the cerebrocortical CB1Rs in the control of glucose uptake in diabetes. Although insulin and IGF-1 receptor protein densities remained unaffected, phosphorylated GSKα and GSKβ levels showed different profiles 2 and 8 weeks after T1D induction in the frontal cortex. Altogether, the biphasic response in frontocortical CB1R density within a month after T1D induction resolves previous controversial reports on forebrain CB1R levels in T1D rodent models. Furthermore, this study also hints that cannabinoids may be useful to alleviate impaired glucoregulation in the diabetic cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis Pedro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liane I F Moura
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângela Valério-Fernandes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana M Gaspar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara S Pinheiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lemos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Morgado
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla S da Silva-Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; I3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; The Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, and Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - António F Ambrósio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Gralle M, Labrecque S, Salesse C, De Koninck P. Spatial dynamics of the insulin receptor in living neurons. J Neurochem 2020; 156:88-105. [PMID: 31886886 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling through the insulin receptor has long been studied in classic target organs, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, where one of its effects is to increase glucose uptake. Insulin and insulin receptor are present in many areas of the brain, but the functions of brain insulin signaling outside feeding circuits are not well defined. It has been proposed that hippocampal insulin signaling is important for memory, that brain insulin signaling is deficient in Alzheimer's disease, and that intranasal insulin treatment improves cognition, but the mechanisms remain unclear and do not seem to involve increased glucose uptake by neurons. The molecular behavior of the insulin receptor itself is not well known in living neurons; therefore, we investigated the spatial dynamics of the insulin receptor on somatodendritic membranes of live rat hippocampal neurons in culture. Using single-molecule tracking of quantum dot-tagged insulin receptors and single-particle tracking photoactivation localization microscopy, we show that the insulin receptor is distributed over both dendritic shafts and spines. Using colocalization with synaptic markers, we also show that in contrast to the glutamate receptor subunit glutamate receptor subunit A1, the dynamics of the insulin receptor are not affected by association with excitatory synapses; however, the insulin receptor is immobilized by components of inhibitory synapses. The mobility of the insulin receptor is reduced both by low concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α and by cholesterol depletion, suggesting an association with sphingolipid-rich membrane domains. On the other hand, the insulin receptor dynamics in hippocampal neurons are not affected by increased excitatory signaling. Finally, using real-time single-event quantification, we find evidence of strong insulin receptor exocytosis on dendritic shafts. Our results suggest an association of the neuronal insulin receptor with specific elements of the dendritic shaft, rather than excitatory synapses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gralle
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de biochimie, microbiologie et bio-informatique, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
McNay EC, Pearson-Leary J. GluT4: A central player in hippocampal memory and brain insulin resistance. Exp Neurol 2020; 323:113076. [PMID: 31614121 PMCID: PMC6936336 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is now well-established as playing multiple roles within the brain, and specifically as regulating hippocampal cognitive processes and metabolism. Impairments to insulin signaling, such as those seen in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, are associated with brain hypometabolism and cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms of insulin's central effects are not determined. Several lines of research converge to suggest that the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GluT4 plays a central role in hippocampal memory processes, and that reduced activation of this transporter may underpin the cognitive impairments seen as a consequence of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan C McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Jiah Pearson-Leary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Stewart AFR, Chen HH. Activation of tyrosine phosphatases in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2245-2246. [PMID: 32594039 PMCID: PMC7749463 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
47
|
Karvani M, Simos P, Stavrakaki S, Kapoukranidou D. Neurocognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:523-534. [PMID: 31522366 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that cognitive impairment could be a diabetes mellitus-related complication. It has been suggested that diabetic people are at increased risk of cognitive decline, since the metabolic and vascular disturbances of the disease affect brain function. Additionally, prolonged exposure to olther potential detrimental factors leads to irreversible cognitive decrements over time due to the aging process. Neurocognitive impairment signifies decreased performance in cognitive domains such as verbal and nonverbal memory, both immediate and delayed memory, executive function, attention, visuospatial and psychomotor performance, information processing speed, semantic knowledge, and language abilities. The aim of the present article is to review the existing literature on the issue of the neurocognitive decline in type 2 diabetes. A literature search of databases was performed, using as keywords "diabetes" and "cognitive impairment," and the reference list of papers so identified were examined, with only English language papers being used. Understanding and preventing diabetes-associated cognitive deficits remains a key priority for future research. It is important to ascertain whether interventions to delay diabetes onset or better control of established disease could prevent some of its adverse effects on cognitive skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karvani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - P Simos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - S Stavrakaki
- Department of Italian Language and Literature, School of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Kapoukranidou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sergi D, Renaud J, Simola N, Martinoli MG. Diabetes, a Contemporary Risk for Parkinson's Disease: Epidemiological and Cellular Evidences. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:302. [PMID: 31787891 PMCID: PMC6856011 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of diseases characterized by defective glucose metabolism, is the most widespread metabolic disorder affecting over 400 million adults worldwide. This pathological condition has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of central encephalopathies and peripheral neuropathies. In further support of this notion, recent epidemiological evidence suggests a link between DM and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with hyperglycemia emerging as one of the culprits in neurodegeneration involving the nigrostriatal pathway, the neuroanatomical substrate of the motor symptoms affecting parkinsonian patients. Indeed, dopaminergic neurons located in the mesencephalic substantia nigra appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and degeneration, likely because of their intrinsic susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may represent a direct consequence of hyperglycemia and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Other pathological pathways induced by increased intracellular glucose levels, including the polyol and the hexosamine pathway as well as the formation of advanced glycation end-products, may all play a pivotal role in mediating the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on nigral dopaminergic neurons. In this review article, we will examine the epidemiological as well as the molecular and cellular clues supporting the potential susceptibility of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons to hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Justine Renaud
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,National Institute for Neuroscience (INN), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia Martinoli
- Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval and CHU Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li N, Yan QT, Jing Q, Pan RY, Wang HJ, Jiang B, Li XJ, Wang Y, Dong JH, Wang XJ, Zhang MJ, Meng QG, Li XZ, Liu ZJ, Gao ZQ, Qu MH. Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Activating Insulin Signaling and Improving Glucose Utilization in the Brain. Obes Surg 2019; 30:279-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
50
|
Liu S, Borgland SL. Insulin actions in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|