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Fawzi SF, Michel HE, Menze ET, Tadros MG, George MY. Clotrimazole ameliorates chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior in rats; crosstalk between the HPA, NLRP3 inflammasome, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111354. [PMID: 38103406 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major emotional disorder that has a detrimental effect on quality of life. The chronic mild stress (CMS)-depression model was adopted in rats to evaluate the neurotherapeutic effect of Clotrimazole (CLO) and investigate the possible mechanisms of its antidepressant action via its impact on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and the stress hormone, cortisol. It was found that azole antifungals affect steroidogenesis and the HPA axis. Behavioral, histopathological, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways were assessed. Serum cortisol, inflammasome biomarkers, hippocampal NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-18, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin neurogenesis biomarkers, Wnt3a, and non-phosphorylated β-catenin levels were also determined. Different stressors were applied for 28 days to produce depressive-like symptoms, and CLO was administered at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. Subsequently, behavioral and biochemical tests were carried out to assess the depressive-like phenotype in rats. Stressed rats showed increased immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST), decreased grooming time in the splash test (ST), increased serum cortisol levels, increased inflammasome biomarkers, and decreased neurogenesis. However, administration of CLO produced significant antidepressant-like effects in rats, which were accompanied by a significant decrease in immobility time in FST, an increase in grooming time in ST, a decrease in serum cortisol level, a decrease in inflammasome biomarkers, and an increase in neurogenesis biomarkers. The antidepressant mechanism of CLO involves the HPA axis and the anti-inflammatory effect, followed by neurogenesis pathway activation. Therefore, CLO may have the potential to be a novel antidepressant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia F Fawzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esther T Menze
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariane G Tadros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Korewo-Labelle D, Karnia MJ, Myślińska D, Kaczor JJ. Supplementation with Vitamin D 3 Protects against Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Loss of BDNF-Mediated Akt Activity in the Hippocampus during Long-Term Dexamethasone Treatment in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13941. [PMID: 37762245 PMCID: PMC10530487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a commonly used steroid drug with immunosuppressive and analgesic properties. Unfortunately, long-term exposure to DEXA severely impairs brain function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation during chronic DEXA treatment on neurogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, protein levels involved in the BDNF-mediated Akt activity, and specific receptors in the hippocampus. We found reduced serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), downregulated proBDNF and pAkt, dysregulated glucocorticosteroid and mineralocorticoid receptors, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and dysfunctional mitochondria energy metabolism in the DEXA-treated group. In contrast, supplementation with vitamin D3 restored the 25(OH)D3 concentration to a value close to that of the control group. There was an elevation in neurotrophic factor protein level, along with augmented activity of pAkt and increased citrate synthase activity in the hippocampus after vitamin D3 administration in long-term DEXA-treated rats. Our findings demonstrate that vitamin D3 supplementation plays a protective role in the hippocampus and partially mitigates the deleterious effects of long-term DEXA administration. The association between serum 25(OH)D3 concentration and BDNF level in the hippocampus indicates the importance of applying vitamin D3 supplementation to prevent and treat pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.K.-L.); (M.J.K.); (D.M.)
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3
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Woodward EM, Coutellier L. Age- and sex-specific effects of stress on parvalbumin interneurons in preclinical models: Relevance to sex differences in clinical neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1228-1242. [PMID: 34718048 PMCID: PMC8642301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, with the capacity to impact susceptibility to disease as well as long-term neurobiological and behavioral outcomes. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, the most prominent subtype of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex, are uniquely responsive to stress due to their protracted development throughout the highly plastic neonatal period and into puberty and adolescence. Additionally, PV + interneurons appear to respond to stress in a sex-specific manner. This review aims to discuss existing preclinical studies that support our overall hypothesis that the sex-and age-specific impacts of stress on PV + interneurons contribute to differences in individual vulnerability to stress across the lifespan, particularly in regard to sex differences in the diagnostic rate of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases in clinical populations. We also emphasize the importance of studying sex as a biological variable to fully understand the mechanistic and behavioral differences between males and females in models of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Woodward
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 255 Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Building, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, 255 Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Building, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 53 Psychology Building, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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Haloperidol and aripiprazole impact on the BDNF and glucocorticoid receptor levels in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex: effect of the chronic mild stress. Endocr Regul 2021; 55:153-162. [PMID: 34523299 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Changes in the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) are associated with psychiatric diseases and stress response. Chronic mild stress (CMS) may alter BDNF as well as GR levels in both the PFC and the HIP. The aim of the present study was to find out whether chronic treatment with a typical antipsychotic haloperidol (HAL) and an atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole (ARI) may modify the CMS effect on the BDNF and GR expression in the above-mentioned structures. Methods. The rats were exposed to CMS for 3 weeks and from the 7th day of CMS injected with vehicle (VEH), HAL (1 mg/kg) or ARI (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. BDNF and GR mRNA levels were established in the PFC and the HIP by Real Time PCR, whereas, PFC and HIP samples were obtained by punching them from 500 µm thick frozen sections. C-Fos immunoreactivity was analyzed in the PFC and the HIP on 30 µm thick paraformaldehyde fixed sections. Weight gain and corticosterone (CORT) levels were also measured. Results. The CMS and HAL suppressed the BDNF and GR mRNA levels in the PFC. In the HIP, CMS elevated BDNF mRNA levels that were suppressed by HAL and ARI treatments. The CMS decreased the c-Fos immunoreactivity in the PFC in both HAL- and ARI-treated animals. In the HIP, HAL increased the c-Fos immunoreactivity that was again diminished in animals exposed to CMS. Stressed animals gained markedly less weight until the 7th day of CMS, however, later their weight gain did not differ from the unstressed ones or was even higher in CMS+HAL group. Un-stressed HAL and ARI animals gained less weight than the VEH ones. Neither CMS nor HAL/ARI affected the plasma CORT levels. Conclusion. The present data indicate that HAL and ARI in the doses 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, respectively, does not modify the effect of the CMS preconditioning on the BDNF and GR mRNA levels in the PFC or the HIP. However, HAL seems to modify the CMS effect on the HIP activation.
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Casaril AM, Lourenço DDA, Domingues M, Smaniotto TÂ, Birmann PT, Vieira B, Sonego MS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. Anhedonic- and anxiogenic-like behaviors and neurochemical alterations are abolished by a single administration of a selenium-containing compound in chronically stressed mice. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 6:100054. [PMID: 35757368 PMCID: PMC9216694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darling de Andrade Lourenço
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ângelo Smaniotto
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paloma Taborda Birmann
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Souza Sonego
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology Research Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Unit Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Lanshakov DA, Sukhareva EV, Bulygina VV, Bannova AV, Shaburova EV, Kalinina TS. Single neonatal dexamethasone administration has long-lasting outcome on depressive-like behaviour, Bdnf, Nt-3, p75ngfr and sorting receptors (SorCS1-3) stress reactive expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8092. [PMID: 33854153 PMCID: PMC8046778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated glucocorticoid level in the early postnatal period is associated with glucocorticoid therapy prescribed at preterm delivery most often has severe long-lasting neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects. Detailed molecular mechanisms of such programming action of antenatal glucocorticoids on behaviour are still poorly understood. To address this question we studied neurotrophins: Bdnf, Nt-3, Ngf and their receptors: p75ngfr, Sorcs3 expression changes after subcutaneous dexamethasone (DEX) 0.2 mg/kg injection to P2 rat pups. Neurotrophins expression level was studied in the hippocampus (HPC). Disturbances in these brain regions have been implicated in the emergence of multiple psychopathologies. p75ngfr and Sorcs3 expression was studied in the brainstem—region where monoamine neurons are located. Immunohistochemically P75NTR protein level changes after DEX were investigated in the brainstem Locus Coereleus norepinephrine neurons (NE). In the first hours after DEX administration elevation of neurotrophins expression in HPC and decline of receptor’s expression in the NE brainstem neurons were observed. Another critical time point during maturation is adolescence. Impact of elevated glucocorticoid level in the neonatal period and unpredictable stress (CMUS) at the end of adolescence on depressive-like behaviour was studied. Single neonatal DEX injection leads to decrease in depressive-like behaviour, observed in FST, independently from chronic stress. Neonatal DEX administration decreased Ntf3 and SorCS1 expression in the brainstem. Also Bdnf mRNA level in the brainstem of these animals didn’t decrease after FST. CMUS at the end of adolescence changed p75ngfr and SorCS3 expression in the brainstem in the animals that received single neonatal DEX administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lanshakov
- Laboratory of Postgenomics Neurobiology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - E V Sukhareva
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - V V Bulygina
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - A V Bannova
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - E V Shaburova
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - T S Kalinina
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
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7
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Meng F, Ren S, Meng Y, Tao N, Zhang J. Association Between Stressful Life Events and Female Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Their Role in Disease Activity: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in China. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:213-220. [PMID: 33531810 PMCID: PMC7846867 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s287798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous evidence has shown that psychological stress can trigger the onset of autoimmune disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stressful life events preceding the onset of symptoms in female primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) in China compared to controls and the possible associations of stressful life events with disease activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a hospital-based retrospective case-control study. Sixty-seven consecutive female pSS patients and an equal number of age-matched (± 3 years) healthy controls were recruited for assessment using the related Stressful Life Events Scale. The pSS disease activity was measured by the EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 23, using chi-square, univariate logistic regression, multiple logistic regression, and partial correlation. RESULTS A higher number of negative stressful life events before disease onset in pSS patients compared with healthy controls suggest that these play a role in increasing the risk of disease occurrence (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.87-3.58, p < 0.05). The number of positive life events did not differ between the two groups. Both the number and severity of the negative stressful life events were also significantly correlated with disease activity. CONCLUSION Patients with pSS experienced more negative stressful life events in the year preceding the onset of symptoms than controls. Negative stressful life events before symptom onset may be risk factors for pSS and may affect pSS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- FanYan Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Medicine of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
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8
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Vaccarino V, Badimon L, Bremner JD, Cenko E, Cubedo J, Dorobantu M, Duncker DJ, Koller A, Manfrini O, Milicic D, Padro T, Pries AR, Quyyumi AA, Tousoulis D, Trifunovic D, Vasiljevic Z, de Wit C, Bugiardini R. Depression and coronary heart disease: 2018 position paper of the ESC working group on coronary pathophysiology and microcirculation. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:1687-1696. [PMID: 30698764 PMCID: PMC10941327 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, 670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Edina Cenko
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ of Bucharest, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, Calea Floreasca 8, Sector 1, Bucuresti, 014461, Romania
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akos Koller
- Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Alkotas street, 44, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davor Milicic
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Axel R Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charitè-University Medicine, Thielallee 71, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Danijela Trifunovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Vasiljevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck and Deutsches Zentrumfür Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Raffaele Bugiardini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Li X, Sun X, Sun J, Zu Y, Zhao S, Sun X, Li L, Zhang X, Wang W, Liang Y, Wang W, Liang X, Sun C, Guan X, Tang M. Depressive-like state sensitizes 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 1B auto-receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus sub-system. Behav Brain Res 2020; 389:112618. [PMID: 32360167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) 5-HT neurons are two distinct sub-systems known to be regulated by 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B auto-receptors. Whether the auto-receptors in each sub-system are functionally altered in depressive-like state remains unknown. The present study is aimed to study a specific circuit (DR-ventral hippocampus and MR-dorsal hippocampus) within each sub-system to investigate changes in receptor sensitivity in the pathogenesis of depression. A mouse model of depression was developed through the social defeat paradigm, and was then treated with fluoxetine (FLX). 5-HT1A auto-receptor in the neuronal cell body (DR or MR) and 5-HT1B auto-receptor in the axonal terminal (ventral or dorsal hippocampus) were directly targeted by local perfusion of antagonists (5-HT1A: WAY100635; 5-HT1B: GR127935) through reverse microdialysis. Time courses of dialysate 5-HT measured at the axonal terminal were subsequently determined for each circuit. At baseline, 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B antagonists dose-dependently increased dialysate 5-HT, with sub-circuit specificity. In the depressive-like state, greater increases in dialysate 5-HT were observed only in the DR-ventral hippocampus circuit following local delivery of both antagonists, which were then fully restored following the FLX treatment. In contrast, no changes were observed in the MR-dorsal hippocampus circuit. Our results demonstrate differential changes in sensitivities of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B auto-receptors in the DR-ventral hippocampus and MR-dorsal hippocampus circuits. 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B auto-receptors in the DR-ventral hippocampus circuit are sensitized in the depressive-like state. Taken together, these results suggest that the DR sub-system maybe the neural substrate mediating depressive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xianan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Outpatient, Rocket Force University of Engineering Clinic Affiliated to 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xi'an, 710043, China
| | - Yi Zu
- Department of Academic Quality Assurance, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shulei Zhao
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, 110011, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xinjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuezhu Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wenyao Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xuankai Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Academic Quality Assurance, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xue Guan
- Department of Academic Quality Assurance, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Man Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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10
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Li Y, Song Y, Dang W, Guo L, Xu W. The associations between anxiety/depression and plasma chromogranin A among healthy workers: Results from EHOP study. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12113. [PMID: 32515855 PMCID: PMC7006243 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chromogranin A (CgA) is regarded as an indicator of sympathetic tone and adrenomedullary system activity. Catestatin is one of CgA-derived fragments through proteolytic processing. Many studies have confirmed the correlation between anxiety/depression and the salivary CgA level. The study was to investigate the associations between anxiety/depression and plasma CgA/catestatin levels in healthy workers without cardiovascular disease. METHODS The study included 263 healthy workers (175 men and 88 women). The symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS In bivariate correlation analysis, anxiety and depression were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.298, P < .001; r = 0.304, P < .001), but not significantly associated with plasma catestatin level. The anxiety group had significantly higher plasma CgA level than that in the no-anxiety group (median 158.60 vs 70.90, P < .001). The similar results were found for depression scales. The depression group had significantly higher plasma CgA level (median 145.60 vs 82.40, P < .001). In the multiple linear regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, anxiety was positively correlated with plasma CgA level (β = 0.359, P < .001), while anxiety was negatively correlated with plasma catestatin level (β = -0.128, P = .044), depression was also positively correlated with plasma CgA level (β = 0.343, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma CgA was associated with anxiety and depression in healthy workers. It can be considered as the blood indicator for the evaluation of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Lijun Guo
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
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11
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Commons KG, Linnros SE. Delayed Antidepressant Efficacy and the Desensitization Hypothesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019. [PMID: 30807103 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00698)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conventional antidepressants can quickly raise the levels of extracellular serotonin, yet their positive effects on mood ensues only weeks later. This delay in efficacy is a clinical problem that has proven difficult to overcome. Early investigation noted that the initial increases in extracellular serotonin engaged strong feedback inhibition of serotonin neurons via 5-HT1A autoreceptors, resulting in a profound reduction in their firing rate. Over the course of chronic treatment, however, firing rate returned to normal and the inhibition via 5-HT1A receptor agonists was attenuated. The coincident timeline of these phenomena led to the influential hypothesis that the relationship was causal and that gradual loss of feedback inhibition mediated by 5-HT1A receptors was critical to the delayed therapeutic onset. Simple and appealing, the desensitization hypothesis has taken strong hold, yet much of the supporting evidence is circumstantial and there are several observations that would refute a causal relationship. In particular, even though 5-HT1A receptors may desensitize, there is evidence that feedback inhibition mediated by remaining receptors persists. That is, baseline serotonin firing rate returns to normal not because of 5-HT1A desensitization but rather despite ongoing feedback inhibition. Thus, while 5-HT1A receptors remain important for emotional behavior, it may be other slow-adaptive changes triggered by antidepressants that allow for therapeutic effects, such as those involving glutamatergic synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Anesthesia , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Sofia E Linnros
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Anesthesia , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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12
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Commons KG, Linnros SE. Delayed Antidepressant Efficacy and the Desensitization Hypothesis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3048-3052. [PMID: 30807103 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many conventional antidepressants can quickly raise the levels of extracellular serotonin, yet their positive effects on mood ensues only weeks later. This delay in efficacy is a clinical problem that has proven difficult to overcome. Early investigation noted that the initial increases in extracellular serotonin engaged strong feedback inhibition of serotonin neurons via 5-HT1A autoreceptors, resulting in a profound reduction in their firing rate. Over the course of chronic treatment, however, firing rate returned to normal and the inhibition via 5-HT1A receptor agonists was attenuated. The coincident timeline of these phenomena led to the influential hypothesis that the relationship was causal and that gradual loss of feedback inhibition mediated by 5-HT1A receptors was critical to the delayed therapeutic onset. Simple and appealing, the desensitization hypothesis has taken strong hold, yet much of the supporting evidence is circumstantial and there are several observations that would refute a causal relationship. In particular, even though 5-HT1A receptors may desensitize, there is evidence that feedback inhibition mediated by remaining receptors persists. That is, baseline serotonin firing rate returns to normal not because of 5-HT1A desensitization but rather despite ongoing feedback inhibition. Thus, while 5-HT1A receptors remain important for emotional behavior, it may be other slow-adaptive changes triggered by antidepressants that allow for therapeutic effects, such as those involving glutamatergic synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G. Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sofia E. Linnros
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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13
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Schmidt M, Lax E, Zhou R, Cheishvili D, Ruder AM, Ludiro A, Lapert F, Macedo da Cruz A, Sandrini P, Calzoni T, Vaisheva F, Brandwein C, Luoni A, Massart R, Lanfumey L, Riva MA, Deuschle M, Gass P, Szyf M. Fetal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) deficiency alters the landscape of DNA methylation of murine placenta in a sex-dependent manner and is associated to anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:23. [PMID: 30655507 PMCID: PMC6336883 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress defines long-term phenotypes through epigenetic programming of the offspring. These effects are potentially mediated by glucocorticoid release and by sex. We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (Gr, Nr3c1) fashions the DNA methylation profile of offspring. Consistent with this hypothesis, fetal Nr3c1 heterozygosity leads to altered DNA methylation landscape in fetal placenta in a sex-specific manner. There was a significant overlap of differentially methylated genes in fetal placenta and adult frontal cortex in Nr3c1 heterozygotes. Phenotypically, Nr3c1 heterozygotes show significantly more anxiety-like behavior than wildtype. DNA methylation status of fetal placental tissue is significantly correlated with anxiety-like behavior of the same animals in adulthood. Thus, placental DNA methylation might predict behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. Our data supports the hypothesis that Nr3c1 influences DNA methylation at birth and that DNA methylation in placenta correlates with adult frontal cortex DNA methylation and anxiety-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schmidt
- Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Elad Lax
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Rudy Zhou
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - David Cheishvili
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Arne Mathias Ruder
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Ludiro
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Florian Lapert
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Macedo da Cruz
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Sandrini
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Calzoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Farida Vaisheva
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Christiane Brandwein
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessia Luoni
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud Massart
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 0638 6979grid.417896.5Inserm, U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- 0000 0004 0638 6979grid.417896.5Inserm, U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75014 Paris, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33Université Paris Descartes, UMRS894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti, 9, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Deuschle
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- 0000 0001 2190 4373grid.7700.0Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moshe Szyf
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bSackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
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14
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Tripathi SJ, Chakraborty S, Srikumar B, Raju T, Shankaranarayana Rao B. Prevention of chronic immobilization stress-induced enhanced expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex by inactivation of basolateral amygdala. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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On the Developmental Timing of Stress: Delineating Sex-Specific Effects of Stress across Development on Adult Behavior. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8070121. [PMID: 29966252 PMCID: PMC6071226 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, and the chronic overactivation of major stress hormones, is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, clinical literature on the exact role of stress either as a causative, triggering, or modulatory factor to mental illness remains unclear. We suggest that the impact of stress on the brain and behavior is heavily dependent on the developmental timing at which the stress has occurred, and as such, this may contribute to the overall variability reported on the association of stress and mental illness. Here, animal models provide a way to comprehensively assess the temporal impact of stress on behavior in a controlled manner. This review particularly focuses on the long-term impact of stress on behavior in various rodent stress models at three major developmental time points: early life, adolescence, and adulthood. We characterize the various stressor paradigms into physical, social, and pharmacological, and discuss commonalities and differences observed across these various stress-inducing methods. In addition, we discuss here how sex can influence the impact of stress at various developmental time points. We conclude here that early postnatal life and adolescence represent particular periods of vulnerability, but that stress exposure during early life can sometimes lead to resilience, particularly to fear-potentiated memories. In the adult brain, while shorter periods of stress tended to enhance spatial memory, longer periods caused impairments. Overall, males tended to be more vulnerable to the long-term effects of early life and adolescent stress, albeit very few studies incorporate both sexes, and further well-powered sex comparisons are needed.
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16
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Huang D, Zhang L, Yang JQ, Luo Y, Cui T, Du TT, Jiang XH. Evaluation on monoamine neurotransmitters changes in depression rats given with sertraline, meloxicam or/and caffeic acid. Genes Dis 2018; 6:167-175. [PMID: 31193976 PMCID: PMC6545449 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation drives the development of depression and may affect neurotransmitters and thus neurocircuits increase the risk of depression. To investigate the influence of inhibition of inflammatory pathways on the biogenic amine neurotransmitters metabolism in depressive rats, sertraline, and meloxicam, the inhibitors of arachidonic acid - cyclooxygenase-2/lipoxygenase (AA-COX-2/5-LO) pathways, were given to depressive rats. After the development of depression model by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks, Successful modeling rats were selected and randomly divided into CUMS group and medication administration group. After given medicine, The biogenic amine neurotransmitters in rat cortex and hippocampus were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). Compared with the normal group, the concentration of norepinephrine (NE) significantly decreased and the concentrations of Tyrosine (Tyr), Tryptophan (Trp), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) significantly increased in the CUMS group. Sertraline significantly inhibited the elevation of 5-HIAA. Meloxicam inhibited the decrease of NE level in CUMS-induced rat and the increase of Trp, MHPG, and 5-HIAA level in a dose-dependent manner. Caffeic acid inhibited the decrease of NE and the increase of Trp and MHPG in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of AA-COX-2/5-LO pathways can improve the behaviors of depression rats and suppress CUMS-induced changes in biogenic amines. Compared with the single-dose lipoxygenase (5-LO) or Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, the combination treatment with meloxicam 1 mg/kg and caffeic acid 10 mg/kg have no significant improvement in CUMS-induced depression behavior and the level of cortical monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun-Qing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Ting-Ting Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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17
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Matrov D, Kaart T, Lanfumey L, Maldonado R, Sharp T, Tordera RM, Kelly PA, Deakin B, Harro J. Cerebral oxidative metabolism mapping in four genetic mouse models of anxiety and mood disorders. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:435-443. [PMID: 29885846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The psychopathology of depression is highly complex and the outcome of studies on animal models is divergent. In order to find brain regions that could be metabolically distinctively active across a variety of mouse depression models and to compare the interconnectivity of brain regions of wild-type and such genetically modified mice, histochemical mapping of oxidative metabolism was performed by the measurement of cytochrome oxidase activity. We included mice with the heterozygous knockout of the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1-/+), full knockout of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1-/-), an anti-sense knockdown of the glucocorticoid receptor (GRi) and overexpression of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (h5-HTT). Altogether 76 mouse brains were studied to measure oxidative metabolism in one hundred brain regions, and the obtained dataset was submitted to a variety of machine learning algorithms and multidimensional scaling. Overall, the top brain regions having the largest contribution to classification into depression model were the lateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus, the anterior part of the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, claustrum, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and the anterior hypothalamic area. In terms of the patterns of inter-regional relationship between wild-type and genetically modified mice there was little overall difference, while the most deviating brain regions were cortical amygdala and ventrolateral and ventral posteromedial thalamic nuclei. The GRi mice that most clearly differed from their controls exhibited deviation of connectivity for a number of brain regions, such as ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, the intermediate part of the lateral septal nucleus, the anteriodorsal part of the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the medial division of the central amygdaloid nucleus, ventral pallidum, nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, anteroventral parts of the thalamic nucleus and parts of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Conclusively, the GRi mouse model was characterized by changes in the functional connectivity of the extended amygdala and stress response circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Matrov
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A Chemicum, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, INSERM U 894, 2 ter rue d'Alésia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa M Tordera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul A Kelly
- Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A Chemicum, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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18
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Zhang J, Fan Y, Raza MU, Zhan Y, Du XD, Patel PD, Zhu MY. The regulation of corticosteroid receptors in response to chronic social defeat. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:397-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Martin V, Riffaud A, Marday T, Brouillard C, Franc B, Tassin JP, Sevoz-Couche C, Mongeau R, Lanfumey L. Response of Htr3a knockout mice to antidepressant treatment and chronic stress. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2471-2483. [PMID: 28493335 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has recently been suggested that 5-HT3 receptor blockade enhances the efficacy of selective 5-HT (serotonin) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants and may reverse stress-induced deficits in rodents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To further explore this hypothesis, we used mice lacking the 5-HT3 receptor (Htr3a KO) and their wild-type (WT) controls to assess their response in behavioural paradigms relevant to anxiety and depression. Mice were studied under basal, antidepressant treatments and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) conditions. KEY RESULTS In basal conditions, Htr3a KO mice displayed anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like behaviours in the elevated plus maze, the social interaction and the forced swim tests (FST), but behaved as WT mice in response to acute citalopram in the FST. However, the effects of fluoxetine were blunted in Htr3a KO mice in these same tests. In an in vitro electrophysiological paradigm, a low-dose citalopram treatment triggered 5-HT1A receptor desensitization only in the dorsal raphe nucleus of Htr3a KO, although a high dose desensitized 5-HT1A autoreceptor function equally in Htr3a KO and WT mice, suggesting that citalopram may become effective at lower doses when 5-HT3 receptors are inactivated. In addition, Htr3a deletion blocked CSDS-induced modification in the cortical expression of two genes involved in oxidative stress, CaMKIIa and SOD1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these data show that Htr3a deletion promotes SSRI efficacy and prevents the occurrence of stress-induced deleterious effects, suggesting that the 5-HT3 receptor may represent an interesting target for the treatment of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Martin
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Armance Riffaud
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Tevrasamy Marday
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Charly Brouillard
- Inserm UMR S1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Franc
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pol Tassin
- Inserm UMR S1130, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Sevoz-Couche
- Inserm UMR S1158, Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Raymond Mongeau
- EA 4475, Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Inserm UMR S894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Chen C, Nakagawa S, An Y, Ito K, Kitaichi Y, Kusumi I. The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 44:83-102. [PMID: 27956050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However, exercise also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increases levels of the glucocorticoid cortisol (CORT). CORT, also known as the "stress hormone," is considered a mediator between chronic stress and depression and to link various cognitive deficits. Here, we review the evidence that shows that while both chronic stress and exercise elevate basal CORT levels leading to increased secretion of CORT, the former is detrimental to cognition/memory, mood/stress coping, and brain plasticity, while the latter is beneficial. We propose three preliminary answers to the exercise-CORT paradox. Importantly, the elevated CORT, through glucocorticoid receptors, functions to elevate dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex under chronic exercise but not chronic stress, and the medial prefrontal dopamine is essential for active coping. Future inquiries may provide further insights to promote our understanding of this paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuji Kitaichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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21
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Deng M, Tufan T, Raza MU, Jones TC, Zhu MY. MicroRNAs 29b and 181a down-regulate the expression of the norepinephrine transporter and glucocorticoid receptors in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2016; 139:197-207. [PMID: 27501468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that provide global regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Such regulation has been found to play a role in stress-induced epigenetic responses in the brain. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) and glucocorticoid receptors are closely related to the homeostatic integration and regulation after stress. Our previous studies demonstrated that NET mRNA and protein levels in rats are regulated by chronic stress and by administration of corticosterone, which is mediated through glucocorticoid receptors. Whether miRNAs are intermediaries in the regulation of these proteins remains to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine possible regulatory effects of miRNAs on the expression of NET and glucocorticoid receptors in the noradrenergic neuronal cell line. Using computational target prediction, we identified several candidate miRNAs potentially targeting NET and glucocorticoid receptors. Western blot results showed that over-expression of miR-181a and miR-29b significantly repressed protein levels of NET, which is accompanied by a reduced [3 H] norepinephrine uptake, and glucocorticoid receptors in PC12 cells. Luciferase reporter assays verified that both miR-181a and miR-29b bind the 3'UTR of mRNA of NET and glucocorticoid receptors. Furthermore, exposure of PC12 cells to corticosterone markedly reduced the endogenous levels of miR-29b, which was not reversed by the application of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. These observations indicate that miR-181a and miR-29b can function as the negative regulators of NET and glucocorticoid receptor translation in vitro. This regulatory effect may be related to stress-induced up-regulation of the noradrenergic phenotype, a phenomenon observed in stress models and depressive patients. This study demonstrated that miR-29b and miR-181a, two short non-coding RNAs that provide global regulation of gene expression, markedly repressed protein levels of norepinephrine (NE) transporter and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), as well as NE uptake by binding the 3'UTR of their mRNAs in PC12 cells. Also, exposure of cells to corticosterone significantly reduced miR-29b levels through a GR-independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxian Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of A&F, Jurong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muhammad U Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
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22
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Correia SS, Goosens KA. Input-specific contributions to valence processing in the amygdala. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:534-43. [PMID: 27634144 PMCID: PMC5026206 DOI: 10.1101/lm.037887.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reward and punishment are often thought of as opposing processes: rewards and the environmental cues that predict them elicit approach and consummatory behaviors, while punishments drive aversion and avoidance behaviors. This framework suggests that there may be segregated brain circuits for these valenced behaviors. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is one brain region that contributes to both types of motivated behavior. Individual neurons in the BLA can favor positive over negative valence, or vice versa, but these neurons are intermingled, showing no anatomical segregation. The amygdala receives inputs from many brain areas and current theories posit that encoding of positive versus negative valence by BLA neurons is determined by the wiring of each neuron. Specifically, many projections from other brain areas that respond to positive and negative valence stimuli and predictive cues project strongly to the BLA and likely contribute to valence processing within the BLA. Here we review three of these areas, the basal forebrain, the dorsal raphe nucleus and the ventral tegmental area, and discuss how these may promote encoding of positive and negative valence within the BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana S Correia
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ki A Goosens
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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23
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Packard AEB, Egan AE, Ulrich-Lai YM. HPA Axis Interactions with Behavioral Systems. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1897-1934. [PMID: 27783863 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most salient behaviors that individuals engage in involve the avoidance of aversive experiences and the pursuit of pleasurable experiences. Engagement in these behaviors is regulated to a significant extent by an individual's hormonal milieu. For example, glucocorticoid hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, and influence most aspects of behavior. In turn, many behaviors can influence HPA axis activity. These bidirectional interactions not only coordinate an individual's physiological and behavioral states to each other, but can also tune them to environmental conditions thereby optimizing survival. The present review details the influence of the HPA axis on many types of behavior, including appetitively-motivated behaviors (e.g., food intake and drug use), aversively-motivated behaviors (e.g., anxiety-related and depressive-like) and cognitive behaviors (e.g., learning and memory). Conversely, the manuscript also describes how engaging in various behaviors influences HPA axis activity. Our current understanding of the neuronal and/or hormonal mechanisms that underlie these interactions is also summarized. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1897-1934, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E B Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann E Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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24
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Boulle F, Velthuis H, Koedam K, Steinbusch HW, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Gabriel C, Mocaer E, Franc B, Rognan D, Mongeau R, Lanfumey L. Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of TrkB-dependent mechanisms of agomelatine in glucocorticoid receptor-impaired mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:65-77. [PMID: 26653128 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that impairment of the stress response, in particular the negative feedback regulation mechanism exerted by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, might be responsible for the hippocampal atrophy observed in depressed patients. Antidepressants, possibly through the activation of BDNF signaling, may enhance neuroplasticity and restore normal hippocampal functions. In this context, glucocorticoid receptor-impaired (GR-i) mice-a transgenic mouse model of reduced GR-induced negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis-were used to investigate the role of BDNF/TrkB signaling in the behavioral and neurochemical effects of the new generation antidepressant drug, agomelatine. GR-i mice exhibited marked alterations in depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, together with a decreased cell proliferation and altered levels of neuroplastic and epigenetic markers in the hippocampus. GR-i mice and their wild-type littermates were treated for 21 days with vehicle, agomelatine (50mg/kg/day; i.p) or the TrkB inhibitor Ana-12 (0.5mg/kg/day, i.p) alone, or in combination with agomelatine. Chronic treatment with agomelatine resulted in antidepressant-like effects in GR-i mice and reversed the deficit in hippocampal cell proliferation and some of the alterations of mRNA plasticity markers in GR-i mice. Ana-12 blocked the effect of agomelatine on motor activity as well as its ability to restore a normal hippocampal cell proliferation and expression of neurotrophic factors. Altogether, our findings indicate that agomelatine requires TrkB signaling to reverse some of the molecular and behavioral alterations caused by HPA axis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boulle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S894, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Velthuis
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S894, Paris, France
| | - K Koedam
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H W Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - G Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Gabriel
- Institut de Recherche International Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - E Mocaer
- Institut de Recherche International Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - B Franc
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S894, Paris, France
| | - D Rognan
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérepeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - R Mongeau
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S894, Paris, France; EA4475, Pharmacology department, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - L Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S894, Paris, France.
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25
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Ekthuwapranee K, Sotthibundhu A, Tocharus C, Govitrapong P. Melatonin ameliorates dexamethasone-induced inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cultured progenitor cells obtained from adult rat hippocampus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:38-48. [PMID: 25305353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, hormones that are released in response to stress, induce neuronal cell damage. The hippocampus is a primary target of glucocorticoids in the brain, the effects of which include the suppression of cell proliferation and diminished neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Our previous study found that melatonin, synthesized primarily in the pineal, pretreatment prevented the negative effects of dexamethasone, the glucocorticoid receptor agonist, on behavior and neurogenesis in rat hippocampus. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the interrelationship between melatonin and dexamethasone on the underlying mechanism of neural stem cell proliferation. Addition of dexamethasone to hippocampal progenitor cells from eight-week old rats resulted in a decrease in the number of neurospheres; pretreatment with melatonin precluded these effects. The immunocytochemical analyses indicated a reduction of Ki67 and nestin-positive cells in the dexamethasone-treated group, which was minimized by melatonin pretreatment. A reduction of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and G1-S phase cell cycle regulators cyclin E and CDK2 in dexamethasone-treated progenitor cells were prevented by pretreatment of melatonin. Moreover, luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist blocked the positive effect of melatonin whereas RU48, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist blocked the negative effect of dexamethasone on the number of neurospheres. Moreover, we also found that dexamethasone increased the glucocorticoid receptor protein but decreased the level of MT1 melatonin receptor, whereas melatonin increased the level of MT1 melatonin receptor but decreased the glucocorticoid receptor protein. These suggest the crosstalk and cross regulation between the melatonin receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor on hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasima Ekthuwapranee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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26
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Khedr LH, Nassar NN, El-Denshary ES, Abdel-Tawab AM. Paroxetine ameliorates changes in hippocampal energy metabolism in chronic mild stress-exposed rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:2887-901. [PMID: 26622178 PMCID: PMC4654549 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s87089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression have not been fully outlined. Hence, the current study aimed at testing the link between behavioral changes in chronic mild stress (CMS) model and changes in hippocampal energy metabolism and the role of paroxetine (PAROX) in ameliorating these changes. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: vehicle control, CMS-exposed rats, and CMS-exposed rats receiving PAROX (10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally). Sucrose preference, open-field, and forced swimming tests were carried out. Corticosterone (CORT) was measured in serum, while adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites, cytosolic cytochrome-c (Cyt-c), caspase-3 (Casp-3), as well as nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured in hippocampal tissue homogenates. CMS-exposed rats showed a decrease in sucrose preference as well as body weight compared to control, which was reversed by PAROX. The latter further ameliorated the CMS-induced elevation of CORT in serum (91.71±1.77 ng/mL vs 124.5±4.44 ng/mL, P<0.001) as well as the changes in adenos-ine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate (3.76±0.02 nmol/mg protein vs 1.07±0.01 nmol/mg protein, P<0.001). Furthermore, PAROX reduced the expression of Cyt-c and Casp-3, as well as restoring NOx levels. This study highlights the role of PAROX in reversing depressive behavior associated with stress-induced apoptosis and changes in hippocampal energy metabolism in the CMS model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna H Khedr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N Nassar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Boulle F, Massart R, Stragier E, Païzanis E, Zaidan L, Marday S, Gabriel C, Mocaer E, Mongeau R, Lanfumey L. Hippocampal and behavioral dysfunctions in a mouse model of environmental stress: normalization by agomelatine. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e485. [PMID: 25423137 PMCID: PMC4259995 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced alterations in neuronal plasticity and in hippocampal functions have been suggested to be involved in the development of mood disorders. In this context, we investigated in the hippocampus the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, the expression of epigenetic markers and plasticity-related genes in a mouse model of stress-induced hyperactivity and of mixed affective disorders. We also determined whether the antidepressant drug agomelatine, a MT1/MT2 melatonergic receptor agonist/5-HT2C receptor antagonist, could prevent some neurobiological and behavioral alterations produced by stress. C57BL/6J mice, exposed for 3 weeks to daily unpredictable socio-environmental stressors of mild intensity, were treated during the whole procedure with agomelatine (50 mg kg(-1) per day, intraperitoneal). Stressed mice displayed robust increases in emotional arousal, vigilance and motor activity, together with a reward deficit and a reduction in anxiety-like behavior. Neurobiological investigations showed an increased phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins, including Atf1, Creb and p38, in the hippocampus of stressed mice. Decreased hippocampal level of the repressive epigenetic marks HDAC2 and H3K9me2, as well as increased level of the permissive mark H3K9/14ac suggested that chronic mild stress was associated with increased gene transcription, and clear-cut evidence was further indicated by changes in neuroplasticity-related genes, including Arc, Bcl2, Bdnf, Gdnf, Igf1 and Neurod1. Together with other findings, the present data suggest that chronic ultra-mild stress can model the hyperactivity or psychomotor agitation, as well as the mixed affective behaviors often observed during the manic state of bipolar disorder patients. Interestingly, agomelatine could normalize both the behavioral and the molecular alterations induced by stress, providing further insights into the mechanism of action of this new generation antidepressant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boulle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,European Graduate School for Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht, The Netherlands,Université Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - R Massart
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E Stragier
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR S677, Paris, France
| | - E Païzanis
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR S677, Paris, France
| | - L Zaidan
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR S677, Paris, France
| | - S Marday
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR S677, Paris, France
| | | | | | - R Mongeau
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,Université Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - L Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR 894, Paris, France,UPMC, Université Paris 6, UMR S677, Paris, France,Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, INSERM UMR 894, 75634 Paris, France. E-mail:
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28
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Ruksee N, Tongjaroenbuangam W, Mahanam T, Govitrapong P. Melatonin pretreatment prevented the effect of dexamethasone negative alterations on behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in the mouse brain. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:72-80. [PMID: 24589478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids play various physiological functions via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Glucocorticoid is associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GR agonist, has a greater affinity for GR than the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the hippocampus of pigs and may mimic the effects of GR possession. DEX decreases neurogenesis and induces damage to hippocampal neurons that is associated with depressive-like behavior. Melatonin, a hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland, is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant. Melatonin alters noradrenergic transmission in depressed patients. It may be interesting to further explore the mechanism of melatonin that is associated with the role of stress as a key factor to precipitate depression and as a factor altering neurogenesis. In this study, we assessed the capability of melatonin to protect the hippocampus of mouse brains to counteract the effects of chronic DEX treatment for 21 days on depressive-like behavior and neurogenesis. Our results revealed that chronic administration of DEX induced depressive-like behavior and that this could be reversed by pretreatment with melatonin. Moreover, the number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-immunopositive cells and doublecortin (DCX; the neuronal-specific marker) protein levels were significantly reduced in the DEX-treated mice. Pretreatment with melatonin was found to renew BrdU and DCX expression in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, pretreatment with melatonin prevented DEX-induced reductions in GR and an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in the hippocampal area. Melatonin may protect hippocampal neurons from damage and reverse neurogenesis after chronic DEX by activating brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF) and ERK1/2 cascades. These results revealed that melatonin pretreatment prevented the reduction of cell proliferation, immature neuron precursor cells, and GR and ERK1/2 expression. This finding indicates that melatonin attenuates the DEX-induced depressive-like behavior, supporting the notion that melatonin possesses anti-stress and neurogenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nootchanart Ruksee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand; National Institute for Child and Family Development, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Walaiporn Tongjaroenbuangam
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Thailand
| | | | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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29
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Agudelo L, Femenía T, Orhan F, Porsmyr-Palmertz M, Goiny M, Martinez-Redondo V, Correia J, Izadi M, Bhat M, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Pettersson A, Ferreira D, Krook A, Barres R, Zierath J, Erhardt S, Lindskog M, Ruas J. Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α1 Modulates Kynurenine Metabolism and Mediates Resilience to Stress-Induced Depression. Cell 2014; 159:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Bruzos-Cidón C, Miguelez C, Rodríguez JJ, Gutiérrez-Lanza R, Ugedo L, Torrecilla M. Altered neuronal activity and differential sensitivity to acute antidepressants of locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus in Wistar Kyoto rats: a comparative study with Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1112-22. [PMID: 24582527 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) has been proposed as an animal model of depression. The noradrenergic nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC) and the serotonergic nucleus, dorsal raphe (DRN) have been widely implicated in the ethiopathology of this disease. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate in vivo the electrophysiological properties of LC and DRN neurons from WKY rats, using single-unit extracellular techniques. Wistar (Wis) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as control strains. In the LC from WKY rats the basal firing rate was higher than that obtained in the Wis and SD strain, and burst firing activity also was greater compared to that in Wis strain but not in SD. The sensitivity of LC neurons to the inhibitory effect of the α2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine and the antidepressant reboxetine was lower in WKY rats compared to Wis, but not SD. Regarding DRN neurons, in WKY rats burst activity was lower than that obtained in Wis and SD rats, although no differences were observed in other firing parameters. Interestingly, while the sensitivity of DRN neurons to the inhibitory effect of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT was lower in the WKY strain, the antidepressant fluoxetine had a greater inhibitory potency in this rat strain compared to that recorded in the Wis group. Overall, these results point out important electrophysiological differences regarding noradrenergic and serotonergic systems between Wis and WKY rats, supporting the utility of the WKY rat as an important tool in the research of cellular basis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bruzos-Cidón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - C Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J J Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - R Gutiérrez-Lanza
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - L Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - M Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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31
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Repeated exposure to MDMA triggers long-term plasticity of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:823-33. [PMID: 23958955 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'ecstasy') is a psychostimulant drug, widely used recreationally among young people in Europe and North America. Although its neurotoxicity has been extensively described, little is known about its ability to strengthen neural circuits when administered in a manner that reproduces human abuse (i.e. repeated exposure to a low dose). C57BL/6J mice were repeatedly injected with MDMA (10 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneally) and studied after a 4-day or a 1-month withdrawal. We show, using in vivo microdialysis and locomotor activity monitoring, that repeated injections of MDMA induce a long-term sensitization of noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, which correlates with behavioral sensitization. The development of this phenomenon, which lasts for at least 1 month after withdrawal, requires repeated stimulation of α(1B)-adrenergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A) receptors. Moreover, behavioral and neuroendocrine assays indicate that hyper-reactivity of noradrenergic and serotonergic networks is associated with a persistent desensitization of somatodendritic α(2A)-adrenergic and 5-HT1A autoreceptor function. Finally, molecular analysis including radiolabeling, western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction reveals that mice repeatedly treated with MDMA exhibit normal α(2A)-adrenergic and 5-HT(1A) receptor binding, but a long-lasting downregulation of Gαi proteins expression in both locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. Altogether, our results show that repeated MDMA exposure causes strong neural and behavioral adaptations and that inhibitory feedback mediated by α(2A)-adrenergic and 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors has an important role in the physiopathology of addictive behaviors.
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32
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Sickmann HM, Li Y, Mørk A, Sanchez C, Gulinello M. Does stress elicit depression? Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 18:123-159. [PMID: 24633891 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful situations may induce or deteriorate an already existing depression. Stress-related depression can be elicited at an adolescent/adult age but evidence also shows that early adverse experiences even at the fetal stage may predispose the offspring for later development of depression. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) plays a key role in regulating the stress response and dysregulation in the system has been linked to depression both in humans and in animal models. This chapter critically reviews clinical and preclinical findings that may explain how stress can cause depression, including HPA-axis changes and alterations beyond the HPA-axis. As stress does not elicit depression in the majority of the population, this motivated research to focus on understanding the biology underlying resilient versus sensitive subjects. Animal models of depression have contributed to a deeper understanding of these mechanisms. Findings from these models will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle M Sickmann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Mahar I, Bambico FR, Mechawar N, Nobrega JN. Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression and antidepressant effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 38:173-92. [PMID: 24300695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stressful life events are risk factors for developing major depression, the pathophysiology of which is strongly linked to impairments in serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. Exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) has been found to induce depressive-like behaviours, including passive behavioural coping and anhedonia in animal models, along with many other affective, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms. The heterogeneity of these symptoms represents the plurality of corticolimbic structures involved in mood regulation that are adversely affected in the disorder. Chronic stress has also been shown to negatively regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a phenomenon that is involved in antidepressant effects and regulates subsequent stress responses. Although there exists an enormous body of data on stress-induced alterations of 5-HT activity, there has not been extensive exploration of 5-HT adaptations occurring presynaptically or at the level of the raphe nuclei after exposure to CUS. Similarly, although hippocampal neurogenesis is known to be negatively regulated by stress and positively regulated by antidepressant treatment, the role of neurogenesis in mediating affective behaviour in the context of stress remains an active area of investigation. The goal of this review is to link the serotonergic and neurogenic hypotheses of depression and antidepressant effects in the context of stress. Specifically, chronic stress significantly attenuates 5-HT neurotransmission and 5-HT1A autoreceptor sensitivity, and this effect could represent an endophenotypic hallmark for mood disorders. In addition, by decreasing neurogenesis, CUS decreases hippocampal inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, exacerbating stress axis overactivity. Similarly, we discuss the possibility that adult hippocampal neurogenesis mediates antidepressant effects via the ventral (in rodents; anterior in humans) hippocampus' influence on the HPA axis, and mechanisms by which antidepressants may reverse chronic stress-induced 5-HT and neurogenic changes. Although data are as yet equivocal, antidepressant modulation of 5-HT neurotransmission may well serve as one of the factors that could drive neurogenesis-dependent antidepressant effects through these stress regulation-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Mahar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wang C, Li M, Sawmiller D, Fan Y, Ma Y, Tan J, Ren Y, Li S. Chronic mild stress-induced changes of risk assessment behaviors in mice are prevented by chronic treatment with fluoxetine but not diazepam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 116:116-28. [PMID: 24291732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of risk-related defensive behavior and central element of anxiety, risk assessment in rodents is particularly sensitive to psychosocial stress and may consequently influence the following decision-making and behavioral output. In this study, using a mouse-test battery, we evaluated the possible impacts of chronic mild stress (CMS) on risk assessment behaviors and action selections. For non-stressed control animals, a close relationship between risk assessment and choice behavior was observed in EPM and LDT. For stressed animals, however, 5 weeks of CMS exposure not only increased risk assessment behaviors, but also abolished the correlations between risk assessment and action selection. Pharmacological intervention with GABA-A receptor modulator diazepam (0.25-4 mg/kg) blocked the alterations of conventional spatiotemporal behaviors in response to CMS, but had no effect on the CMS-induced risk assessment behavioral changes. In contrast, 4-weeks of chronic treatment with fluoxetine (4-20mg/kg), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, not only ameliorated the CMS-affected risk-assessment behaviors, but also restored the CMS-impaired correlations between risk assessment and decision making-related action selection. The present findings may shed new light on the better understanding of emotional reactivity and decision making under stressful situations. These results also indicate a differential pharmacological sensitivity in CMS-affected emotional response and risk-assessment behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Drug Research and Development, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Darrell Sawmiller
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Yaxin Fan
- Blood Center of Dalian, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Yiwei Ren
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
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Du X, Pang TYC, Hannan AJ. A Tale of Two Maladies? Pathogenesis of Depression with and without the Huntington's Disease Gene Mutation. Front Neurol 2013; 4:81. [PMID: 23847583 PMCID: PMC3705171 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a tandem repeat expansion encoding an expanded tract of glutamines in the huntingtin protein. HD is progressive and manifests as psychiatric symptoms (including depression), cognitive deficits (culminating in dementia), and motor abnormalities (including chorea). Having reached the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of the “genetic stutter” which causes HD, we still lack sophisticated insight into why so many HD patients exhibit affective disorders such as depression at very early stages, prior to overt appearance of motor deficits. In this review, we will focus on depression as the major psychiatric manifestation of HD, discuss potential mechanisms of pathogenesis identified from animal models, and compare depression in HD patients with that of the wider gene-negative population. The discovery of depressive-like behaviors as well as cellular and molecular correlates of depression in transgenic HD mice has added strong support to the hypothesis that the HD mutation adds significantly to the genetic load for depression. A key question is whether HD-associated depression differs from that in the general population. Whilst preclinical studies, clinical data, and treatment responses suggest striking similarities, there are also some apparent differences. We discuss various molecular and cellular mechanisms which may contribute to depression in HD, and whether they may generalize to other depressive disorders. The autosomal dominant nature of HD and the existence of models with excellent construct validity provide a unique opportunity to understand the pathogenesis of depression and associated gene-environment interactions. Thus, understanding the pathogenesis of depression in HD may not only facilitate tailored therapeutic approaches for HD sufferers, but may also translate to the clinical depression which devastates the lives of so many people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC , Australia
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Lanfumey L, Mongeau R, Hamon M. Biological rhythms and melatonin in mood disorders and their treatments. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptors in brain play an important role in cognitive and integrative functions, as well as emotional states. Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and/or function, particularly in hippocampus, are implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders such as major depression. BDNF(+/-) mice are more vulnerable to stress than wild-type mice, exhibiting behavioural despair after mild handling stress. We examined the effect of mild handling stress on 5-HT(1A) receptor function, as measured by 8-OH-DPAT stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding, in BDNF(+/-) mice and mice with a forebrain-specific reduction in BDNF (embryonic BDNF inducible knockout mice). Our data show a remarkable sensitivity of hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors to mild stress and a deficiency in BDNF. Other 5-HT(1A) receptor populations, specifically in frontal cortex and dorsal raphe, were resistant to the combined detrimental effects of mild stress and reductions in BDNF expression. Decreases in hippocampal 5-HT(1A) receptor function induced by mild stress in BDNF-deficient mice were prevented by administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, which increased activation of TrkB, the high affinity receptor for BDNF, in wild-type and BDNF(+/-) mice. In hippocampal cultures, BDNF increased the capacity of 5-HT(1A) receptors to activate G proteins, an effect eliminated by the knockout of TrkB, confirming TrkB activation increases 5-HT(1A) receptor function. The mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of hippocampal 5-HT(1A) receptors to mild stress and decreased BDNF expression remain to be elucidated and may have important implications for the emotional and cognitive impairments associated with stress-related mental illness.
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Albert PR. Transcriptional regulation of the 5-HT1A receptor: implications for mental illness. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2402-15. [PMID: 22826341 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor is an abundant post-synaptic 5-HT receptor (heteroreceptor) implicated in regulation of mood, emotion and stress responses and is the major somatodendritic autoreceptor that negatively regulates 5-HT neuronal activity. Based on animal models, an integrated model for opposing roles of pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors in anxiety and depression phenotypes and response to antidepressants is proposed. Understanding differential transcriptional regulation of pre- versus post-synaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors could provide better tools for their selective regulation. This review examines the transcription factors that regulate brain region-specific basal and stress-induced expression of the 5-HT(1A) receptor gene (Htr1a). A functional polymorphism, rs6295 in the Htr1a promoter region, blocks the function of specific repressors Hes1, Hes5 and Deaf1, resulting in increased 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor expression in animal models and humans. Its association with altered 5-HT(1A) expression, depression, anxiety and antidepressant response are related to genotype frequency in different populations, sample homogeneity, disease outcome measures and severity. Preliminary evidence from gene × environment studies suggests the potential for synergistic interaction of stress-mediated repression of 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptors, and rs6295-induced upregulation of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors. Targeted therapeutics to inhibit 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor expression and induce 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptor expression may ameliorate treatment of anxiety and major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, , 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada , K1H 8M5.
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Massart R, Mongeau R, Lanfumey L. Beyond the monoaminergic hypothesis: neuroplasticity and epigenetic changes in a transgenic mouse model of depression. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2485-94. [PMID: 22826347 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoamine hypothesis of depression has dominated our understanding of both the pathophysiology of depression and the action of pharmacological treatments for the last decades, and it has led to the production of several generations of antidepressant agents. However, there are serious limitations to the current monoamine theory, and additional mechanisms, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunctions, as well as neurodegenerative and inflammatory alterations, are potentially associated with the pathogenesis of mood disorders. Moreover, new data have recently indicated that epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications and DNA methylation could affect diverse pathways leading to depression-like behaviours in animal models. In a transgenic mouse model of depression, in which a downregulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) causes a deficit in the HPA axis feedback control, besides alterations in monoamine neurotransmission and neuroplasticity, we found modifications in the expression of many proteins involved in epigenetic regulation, as well as clock genes, in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex, that might be central in the genesis of depressive-like behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Massart
- Inserm, U894, , Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 75013 Paris, France
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García-García AL, Venzala E, Elizalde N, Ramírez MJ, Urbiola A, Del Rio J, Lanfumey L, Tordera RM. Regulation of serotonin (5-HT) function by a VGLUT1 dependent glutamate pathway. Neuropharmacology 2012; 70:190-9. [PMID: 23168115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms of 5-HT neuron control might provide new insights into depression pathophysiology. In addition to the inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors, cortico-raphe glutamatergic descending pathways are suggested to modulate 5-HT activity in the DRN. Here we studied how decreased VGLUT1 levels in the brain stem affect glutamate regulation of 5-HT function. VGLUT1+/- mice (C57BL/6) and wild type (WT) littermates were used. VGLUT1 expression in the DRN, 5-HT turnover and immuno histochemical analysis of neuronal activity in different areas was studied. Moreover, the functionality of the inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptor was assessed using electrophysiological, biochemical and pharmacological approaches. VGLUT1 immunoreactivity was markedly lower in the DRN of the VGLUT1+/- mice and specifically, in the surroundings of GABA and 5-HT cell bodies. These mice showed decreased induced neuronal activity in 5-HT cells bodies and in different forebrain areas, as well as decreased hippocampal cell proliferation and 5-HT turnover. Further, 5-HT1A autoreceptor desensitization was evidenced by electrophysiological studies, GTP-γ-S coupling to 5-HT1A autoreceptor and a lower hypothermic response to 5-HT1A activation. This study shows first time that VGLUT1 dependent glutamate innervation of the DRN could modulate 5-HT function.
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Venzala E, García-García AL, Elizalde N, Delagrange P, Tordera RM. Chronic social defeat stress model: behavioral features, antidepressant action, and interaction with biological risk factors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 224:313-25. [PMID: 22707231 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) has been proposed as a model of depression. However, most CSDS studies rely only on the analysis of stress-induced social avoidance. Moreover, the predictive validity of the model has been poorly analyzed, let alone its interaction with biological risk factors. OBJECTIVES Here, we explore the validity of CSDS as a depression model. Further, the effect of decreased vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), as a potential factor enhancing a depressive-like phenotype, was studied. METHODS Mice were exposed to CSDS (10 days) followed by saline, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, or tianeptine treatment (30 days). The battery of behaviors included motor activity, memory, anxiety, social interaction, helplessness, and anhedonic-like behavior. Moreover, the behavioral effect of CSDS in VGLUT1 heterozygous (VGLUT1+/-) mice was studied, as well as the regulation of VGLUT1 mRNA. RESULTS CSDS induced anhedonia, helplessness, hyperactivity, anxiety, social avoidance, and freezing, as well as downregulation of VGLUT1 mRNA in the amygdala. Repeated venlafaxine showed antidepressant-like activity and both venlafaxine and tianeptine behaved as effective anxiolytics. CSDS-induced social avoidance was reverted by tianeptine. Fluoxetine failed to revert most of the behavioral alterations. VGLUT1+/- mice showed an enhanced vulnerability to stress-induced social avoidance. CONCLUSION We suggest that CSDS is not a pure model of depression. Indeed, it addresses relevant aspects of anxiety-related disorders. Firstly, CSDS-induced anhedonia and social avoidance are not associated in this model. Moreover, CSDS might be affecting brain areas mainly involved in the processing of social behavior, such as the amygdala, where the glutamatergic mechanism could play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Venzala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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Renoir T, Pang TYC, Mo C, Chan G, Chevarin C, Lanfumey L, Hannan AJ. Differential effects of early environmental enrichment on emotionality related behaviours in Huntington's disease transgenic mice. J Physiol 2012; 591:41-55. [PMID: 23045340 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety are reported in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). Recent studies suggest beneficial effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on HD progression possibly through the serotonergic system. We investigated the potential effectiveness of EE in correcting the affective-like phenotype of female R6/1 HD mice. In addition to a behavioural battery of tests assessing depression and anxiety-related endophenotypes, we recorded physiological measures, including body temperature regulation and defecation rate as indices of stress reactivity. Finally, following identification of changes in serotonin (5-HT) receptor gene expression we measured the function of 5-HT(1A) auto- and hetero-receptors. We found that 8-week-old female HD mice exhibited higher immobility time in the forced swimming test and a decreased preference for saccharin solution. EE did not correct those depressive-like behaviours but reduced anxiety-related measures in unconditioned approach/avoidance conflict situations. Defecation rate in a large open field and change in temperature during exposure to the tail suspension test were both enhanced in HD compared to wild-type animals. Despite the enhanced hypothermic response to the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT exhibited by HD mice, we found a reduction in 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated stimulation of [(35)S]GTP-γ-S binding in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the hippocampus of HD animals. EE did not change 5-HT(1A) receptor function. Our data suggest that early EE has beneficial effects on the anxiety-like, but not on depression-like, behaviours in HD. This is the first evidence that these affective endophenotypes can be dissociated via this form of environmental stimulation. As 5-HT(1A) receptor dysfunction was not affected by EE, this receptor is unlikely to underlie the anxiety-related phenotype of HD. However, the specific regulatory role of the 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor in mediating depressive-like behaviour in HD remains to be elucidated. Interestingly, by comparing in vivo and in vitro results, our findings suggest that 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia could be mediated by other targets besides the 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor, including hippocampal 5-HT(7) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Renoir
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hill MN, Hellemans KGC, Verma P, Gorzalka BB, Weinberg J. Neurobiology of chronic mild stress: parallels to major depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2085-117. [PMID: 22776763 PMCID: PMC4821201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The chronic mild (or unpredictable/variable) stress (CMS) model was developed as an animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. The foundation of this model was that following long-term exposure to a series of mild, but unpredictable stressors, animals would develop a state of impaired reward salience that was akin to the anhedonia observed in major depressive disorder. In the time since its inception, this model has also been used for a variety of studies examining neurobiological variables that are associated with depression, despite the fact that this model has never been critically examined to validate that the neurobiological changes induced by CMS are parallel to those documented in depressive disorder. The aim of the current review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of chronic mild stress on neurobiological variables, such as neurochemistry, neurochemical receptor expression and functionality, neurotrophin expression and cellular plasticity. These findings are then compared to those of clinical research examining common variables in populations with depressive disorders to determine if the changes observed following chronic mild stress are in fact consistent with those observed in major depression. We conclude that the chronic mild stress paradigm: (1) evokes an array of neurobiological changes that mirror those seen in depressive disorders and (2) may be a suitable tool to investigate novel systems that could be disturbed in depression, and thus aid in the development of novel targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Hill
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada.
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Renoir T, Pang TYC, Zajac MS, Chan G, Du X, Leang L, Chevarin C, Lanfumey L, Hannan AJ. Treatment of depressive-like behaviour in Huntington's disease mice by chronic sertraline and exercise. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1375-89. [PMID: 21718306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. Women are more prone to develop depression and such susceptibility might be related to 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (serotonergic) dysregulation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed tests of depression-related behaviours on female R6/1 HD mice that had been chronically treated with sertraline or provided with running-wheels. Functional assessments of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors were performed by measuring behavioural and physiological responses following administration of specific agonists, in combination with analysis of hippocampal gene expression. Finally we assessed the effect of exercise on hippocampal cell proliferation. KEY RESULTS Female HD mice recorded increased immobility time in the forced-swimming test, reduced saccharin preference and a hyperthermic response to stress compared with wild-type animals. These alterations were improved by chronic sertraline treatment. Wheel-running also resulted in similar improvements with the exception of saccharin preference but failed to correct the hippocampal cell proliferation deficits displayed by HD mice. The benefits of sertraline treatment and exercise involved altered 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor function, as demonstrated by modulation of the exaggerated 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia exhibited by female HD mice. On the other hand, sertraline treatment was unable to restore the reduced 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) heteroceptor function observed in HD animals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We report for the first time a crucial role for 5-HT(1A) autoreceptor function in mediating the sex-specific depressive-like phenotype of female R6/1 HD mice. Our data further support a differential effect of chronic sertraline treatment and exercise on hippocampal cell proliferation despite common behavioural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Renoir
- Howard Florey Institute, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Berger SM, Weber T, Perreau-Lenz S, Vogt MA, Gartside SE, Maser-Gluth C, Lanfumey L, Gass P, Spanagel R, Bartsch D. A functional Tph2 C1473G polymorphism causes an anxiety phenotype via compensatory changes in the serotonergic system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1986-98. [PMID: 22491354 PMCID: PMC3398728 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene with anxiety traits and depression has been inconclusive. Observed inconsistencies might result from the fact that TPH2 polymorphisms have been studied in a genetically heterogeneous human population. A defined genetic background, control over environmental factors, and the ability to analyze the molecular and neurochemical consequences of introduced genetic alterations constitute major advantages of investigating SNPs in inbred laboratory mouse strains. To investigate the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of a functional C1473G SNP in the mouse Tph2 gene, we generated congenic C57BL/6N mice homozygous for the Tph2 1473G allele. The Arg(447) substitution in the TPH2 enzyme resulted in a significant reduction of the brain serotonin (5-HT) in vivo synthesis rate. Despite decreased 5-HT synthesis, we could detect neither a reduction of brain region-specific 5-HT concentrations nor changes in baseline and stress-induced 5-HT release using a microdialysis approach. However, using a [(35)S]GTP-γ-S binding assay and 5-HT(1A) receptor autoradiography, a functional desensitization of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors could be identified. Furthermore, behavioral analysis revealed a distinct anxiety phenotype in homozygous Tph2 1473G mice, which could be reversed with chronic escitalopram treatment. Alterations in depressive-like behavior could not be detected under baseline conditions or after chronic mild stress. These findings provide evidence for an involvement of functional Tph2 polymorphisms in anxiety-related behaviors, which are likely not caused directly by alterations in 5-HT content or release but are rather due to compensatory changes during development involving functional desensitization of 5-HT(1A) autoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tillmann Weber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Perreau-Lenz
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam A Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah E Gartside
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christiane Maser-Gluth
- Steroid Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- INSERM UMRS894, CPN, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Group Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J-5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany, Tel: +49 621 1703 6202, Fax: +49 621 1703 6205, E-mail:
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Effects of environmental manipulations in genetically targeted animal models of affective disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 57:12-27. [PMID: 22525570 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness is the leading cause of disability worldwide. We are only just beginning to reveal and comprehend the complex interaction that exists between the genetic makeup of an organism and the potential modifying effect of the environment in which it lives, and how this translates into mediating susceptibility to neurological and psychiatric conditions. The capacity to address this issue experimentally has been facilitated by the availability of rodent models which allow the precise manipulation of genetic and environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the valuable nature of animal models in furthering our understanding of the relationship between genetic and environmental factors in affective illnesses, such as anxiety and depressive disorders. We first highlight the behavioral impairments exhibited by genetically targeted animal models of affective disorders, and then provide a discussion of the underlying neurobiology, focusing on animal models that involve exposure to stress. This is followed by a review of recent studies that report of beneficial effects of environmental manipulations such as environmental enrichment and enhanced physical activity and discuss the likely mechanisms that mediate those benefits.
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Huang Y, Xu H, Li H, Yang H, Chen Y, Shi X. Pre-gestational stress reduces the ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT and the expression of 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin transporter in the brain of foetal rat. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:22. [PMID: 22373128 PMCID: PMC3311061 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have found that stress before or during pregnancy is linked to an increased incidence of behavioural disorders in offspring. However, few studies have investigated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and the serotonergic system as a consequence of pregestational stress. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pre-gestational stress on HPA axis activity in maternal rats and their foetuses and examined whether changes in HPA axis activity of maternal rats produced functional changes in the serotonergic system in the brain of foetuses. Results We used the behavioural tests to assess the model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in maternal rats. We found the activity in the open field and sucrose consumption was lower for rats with CUS than for the controls. Body weight but not brain weight was higher for control foetuses than those from the CUS group. Serum corticosterone and corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels were significantly higher for mothers with CUS before pregnancy and their foetuses than for the controls. Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were higher in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of foetuses in the CUS group than in the controls, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were lower in the hippocampus in foetuses in the CUS group than in the control group. Levels of 5-HIAA in the hypothalamus did not differ between foetuses in the CUS group and in the control group. The ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT was significantly lower for foetuses in the CUS group than in the control group. Levels of 5-HT1A receptor were significantly lower in the foetal hippocampus in the CUS group than in the control group, with no significant difference in the hypothalamus. The levels of serotonin transporter (SERT) were lower in both the foetal hippocampus and foetal hypothalamus in the CUS group than in the control group. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that pre-gestational stress alters HPA axis activity in maternal rats and their foetuses, which is associated with functional changes in 5-HT activity (5-HT, 5-HIAA and ratio of 5-HIAA to 5-HT), as well as the levels of the 5-HT1A receptor and SERT in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, North Dongxia Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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Sankar A, MacKenzie RN, Foster JA. Loss of class I MHC function alters behavior and stress reactivity. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 244:8-15. [PMID: 22245287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the classical immune molecule, class I major histocompatibility complex to central nervous system function is one of the most surprising discoveries related to neuroimmunology in the past decade. Mice lacking both β-2microglobulin and transporter associated with antigen processing (β2M-/-TAP-/-) showed differences in basal behavior. In response to saline injection, β2M-/-TAP-/- mice showed a significant hypothalamic pituitary adrenal activation that was not observed in wild type mice, while lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression in the hypothalamus was similar in β2M-/-TAP-/- and wild type mice. Overall, these data show that class I MHC plays an important role in behavior and stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Sankar
- Bachelor of Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, Canada
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Drug withdrawal-induced depression: Serotonergic and plasticity changes in animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:696-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lutz PE, Pradhan AA, Goeldner C, Kieffer BL. Sequential and opposing alterations of 5-HT(1A) receptor function during withdrawal from chronic morphine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:835-40. [PMID: 21402471 PMCID: PMC3149735 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a brain chronic relapsing disorder associated with emotional distress. The serotonergic system and especially the 5-HT(1A) receptor crucially regulate emotional behaviors both in humans and rodents. Using [(35)S]GTPγS autoradiography in mice, we show that 5-HT(1A) receptor function is enhanced by chronic morphine treatment in the medial prefrontal cortex, and decreased in dorsal raphe nucleus one week later, two regions involved in emotional processing. These molecular adaptations could contribute to the development of emotional disorders experienced by former opiate addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
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