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Noori H, Majidpour M, Sabeti Akbar-Abad M, Saravani R. Association of polymorphisms within P2RX4 with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary case-control study. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38954847 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2373300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex heterogenic metabolic with a wide range of etiology. Purinergic receptors have pivotal roles in different processes and are hypothesized to have roles in the pathogenesis of T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred subjects affected by T2DM and 300 healthy subjects were genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). SPSS V16.0 was recruited for statistical analysis. RESULTS The findings showed that the G allele of rs25644A > G increases the risk of T2DM in our population statistically (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.14-1.99, p = 0.003). This allele in some genotype models, including the dominant model, caused an increase in the risk of T2DM. The interaction of genotypes between studied variants in the P2XR4 gene increased the risk of T2DM. Haplotype analysis showed that Ars1169727/Grs25644 haplotype caused an increase in the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that rs25644A > G plays a role in our population's increased risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Noori
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Sabeti Akbar-Abad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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2
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Ye J, Shi R, Fan H, Wang D, Xiao C, Yang T, Ye P, Xia B, Zhao B, Wang Y, Liu X. Stevioside Ameliorates Prenatal Obesity Induced Postpartum Depression: The Potential Role of Gut Barrier Homeostasis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300255. [PMID: 38100291 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Postpartum depression and cognitive impairment are the common complications of prenatal obesity. Stevioside is a non-nutritive natural sweetener with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, its effects on depression behaviors and cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS An 8-week HFD is used to establish a prenatal obesity model in female C57BL/6J mice to explore the improvement effects of stevioside (0.5 mg mL-1 in drinking water) on maternal depression and cognitive dysfunction after weaning. The results demonstrated that stevioside improves behavioral performance of obese maternal mice, and inhibits neuronal damage and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) abnormality induced by HFD. In addition, stevioside inhibits oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities in the brains of obese maternal mice. Additionally, stevioside improves gut barrier integrity and prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extravasation, and alleviates neuroinflammation. Correlation analysis shows that gut barrier and serum LPS are closely related to behavioral performance and brain biochemical indicators. CONCLUSION Stevioside is capable to prevent prenatal obesity-induced cognitive and mood disorders by restoring intestinal barrier damage and inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hua Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Danna Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianyingzi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bing Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Beita Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang P, Yin D. Association between a body shape index and cognitive impairment among us older adults from a cross-sectional survey of the NHANES 2011-2014. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:169. [PMID: 38840158 PMCID: PMC11151546 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the relationship between A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and cognitive impairment among older adults in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed cognitive function in 2,752 individuals aged 60 and older using data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cognitive assessments were conducted using the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). A Body Shape Index (ABSI) was calculated from waist circumference (WC), weight, and height. The relationship between ABSI and cognitive outcomes was examined through multifactorial linear regression, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup and interaction analyses. RESULTS With complete data, 2752 persons 60 and older participated in the study. After adjusting for covariables, these results showed statistically significant negative relationships between ABSI, IRT, and DSST scores. The negative correlation between DSST and ABSI is more substantial in males than females. There is less of a negative link between ABSI, AFT, and DSST among drinkers who consume 12 or more drinks annually compared to those who consume less. Furthermore, compared to individuals without high blood pressure(HBP), those who suffered HBP showed a more significant negative connection between ABSI and AFT. CONCLUSION Lower cognitive function was linked to higher ABSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekun Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Funing People's Hospital of Jiangsu, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, China.
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4
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Tian R, Liu X, Xiao Y, Jing L, Tao H, Yang L, Meng X. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction drug-containing serum inhibits IL-1β secretion from D-glucose and PA induced BV2 cells via autophagy/NLRP3 signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117686. [PMID: 38160864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, has been widely used to treat diabetes, dementia, stroke, and other diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of HLJDD against type 2 diabetes associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) through inhibiting interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mediated neuroinflammation remain to be further elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of HLJDD on IL-1β secretion in a DACD model of BV2 cells induced by D-glucose and palmitic acid (PA). MATERIALS AND METHOD sUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbital well high-resolution mass spectrometry technology was used to analyze the compounds in HLJDD drug-containing serum. The cytotoxicity was detected by cell counting kit-8. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the secretion of IL-1β in BV2 cells. Reactive oxygen species, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde kits were used to detect the intracellular oxidative stress levels. The autophagy level was determined by autophagy staining kit and transmission electron microscope. The expression levels of autophagy-related 7 (Atg7), P62, LC3, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3(NLRP3), Caspase1, and IL-1β were detected by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. The Atg7siRNA was transfected into BV2 cells to produce autophagy inhibitory effect. Then the effect of HLJDD drug-containing serum on IL-1β secretion in D-glucose and PA induced BV2 cells and the potential mechanism of autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome activation were further observed. RESULTS Eighty-eight compounds were preliminarily identified in HLJDD drug-containing serum, among which geniposide, baicalin, palmatine, berberine, wogonoside, wogonin, and geniposidic acid were identified as the main prototype components of HLJDD into the blood. In this study, the DACD model of BV2 cells induced by high concentrations of glucose and PA was successfully constructed. HLJDD drug-containing serum significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β and the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome with improving the oxidative stress level. Interestingly, the enhanced autophagy level was also found. After transfection of Atg7siRNA into BV2 cells, the effect of HLJDD drug-containing serum on autophagy promotion was reversed, but the inhibitory effects on IL-1β secretion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and oxidative stress were reduced. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the inhibition of HLJDD drug-containing serum on the IL-1β secretion in D-glucose and PA induced BV2 cells was related to autophagy promotion, the decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the improved oxidative stress. Moreover, the improvement of HLJDD drug-containing serum on IL-1β secretion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and oxidative stress were all closely associated with Atg7 mediated autophagy promotion. Geniposide, baicalin, palmatine, berberine, wogonoside, wogonin, and geniposidic acid may be the potential active ingredients of HLJDD drug-containing serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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5
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Yang X, Yu Z, An L, Jing X, Yuan M, Xu T, Yu Z, Xu B, Lu M. Electroacupuncture stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by long-term high-fat diet by regulating microglial BDNF. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148710. [PMID: 38103878 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) in adolescents leads to impaired hippocampal function and increases the risk of cognitive impairment. Studies have shown that HFD activates hippocampal microglia and induces hippocampal inflammation, which is an important factor for cognitive impairment. Electroacupuncture stimulation (ES), a nerve stimulation therapy, is anti-inflammatory. This study explored its therapeutic potential and mechanism of action in obesity-related cognitive impairment. 4-week-old C57 mice were given either normal or HFD for 22 weeks. At 19 weeks, some of the HFD mice were treated with ES and nigericin sodium salt. The cognitive behavior was assessed through Morris water maze test at 23 weeks. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1β and IL-1R, synaptic plasticity related proteins synaptophysin and Postsynaptic Density-95 (PSD-95), and apoptotic molecules (Caspase-3 and Bcl-2), in the hippocampus. The number, morphology, and status of microglia, along with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) content, were analyzed using immunofluorescence. ES treatment improved cognitive deficits in HFD model mice, and decreased the expressions of microglial activation marker, CD68, and microglial BDNF. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, and IL-1R promoted PSD-95 and synaptophysin expressions. Peripheral NLRP3 inflammasome agonist injections exacerbated the cognitive deficits in HFD mice and promoted the expressions of IL-1β and IL-1R in the hippocampus. The microglia showed obvious morphological damage and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings suggest that ES inhibits inflammation, regulates microglial BDNF, and causes remodeling of hippocampal function in mice to counteract obesity-like induced cognitive impairment. Overexcitation of peripheral inflammasome complexes induces hippocampal microglia apoptosis, which hinders the effects of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li An
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyue Jing
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengqian Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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6
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Vega-Rivera NM, Estrada-Camarena E, Azpilcueta-Morales G, Cervantes-Anaya N, Treviño S, Becerril-Villanueva E, López-Rubalcava C. Chronic Variable Stress and Cafeteria Diet Combination Exacerbate Microglia and c-fos Activation but Not Experimental Anxiety or Depression in a Menopause Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1455. [PMID: 38338735 PMCID: PMC10855226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The menopause transition is a vulnerable period for developing both psychiatric and metabolic disorders, and both can be enhanced by stressful events worsening their effects. The present study aimed to evaluate whether a cafeteria diet (CAF) combined with chronic variable stress (CVS) exacerbates anxious- or depressive-like behavior and neuronal activation, cell proliferation and survival, and microglia activation in middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In addition, body weight, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and corticosterone as an index of metabolic changes or hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, and the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-β, and TNFα were measured. A CAF diet increased body weight, lipid profile, and insulin resistance. CVS increased corticosterone and reduced HDL. A CAF produced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas CVS induced depressive-like behaviors. CVS increased serum TNFα independently of diet. A CAF and CVS separately enhanced the percentage of Iba-positive cells in the hippocampus; the combination of factors further increased Iba-positive cells in the ventral hippocampus. A CAF and CVS increased the c-fos-positive cells in the hippocampus; the combination of factors increased the number of positive cells expressing c-fos in the ventral hippocampus even more. The combination of a CAF and CVS generates a slight neuroinflammation process and neuronal activation in a hippocampal region-specific manner and differentially affects the behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Gabriel Azpilcueta-Morales
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Nancy Cervantes-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (N.M.V.-R.); (G.A.-M.); (N.C.-A.)
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Química, Benemérita Universidad de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Carolina López-Rubalcava
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 14330, Mexico;
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7
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Prescott K, Münch AE, Brahms E, Weigel MK, Inoue K, Buckwalter MS, Liddelow SA, Peterson TC. Blocking of microglia-astrocyte proinflammatory signaling is beneficial following stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1305949. [PMID: 38240014 PMCID: PMC10794541 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1305949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes play an important role in the neuroinflammatory response and contribute to both the destruction of neighboring tissue as well as the resolution of inflammation following stroke. These reactive glial cells are highly heterogeneous at both the transcriptomic and functional level. Depending upon the stimulus, microglia and astrocytes mount a complex, and specific response composed of distinct microglial and astrocyte substates. These substates ultimately drive the landscape of the initiation and recovery from the adverse stimulus. In one state, inflammation- and damage-induced microglia release tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α (IL1α), and complement component 1q (C1q), together "TIC." This cocktail of cytokines drives astrocytes into a neurotoxic reactive astrocyte (nRA) substate. This nRA substate is associated with loss of many physiological astrocyte functions (e.g., synapse formation and maturation, phagocytosis, among others), as well as a gain-of-function release of neurotoxic long-chain fatty acids which kill neighboring cells. Here we report that transgenic removal of TIC led to reduction of gliosis, infarct expansion, and worsened functional deficits in the acute and delayed stages following stroke. Our results suggest that TIC cytokines, and likely nRAs play an important role that may maintain neuroinflammation and inhibit functional motor recovery after ischemic stroke. This is the first report that this paradigm is relevant in stroke and that therapies against nRAs may be a novel means to treat patients. Since nRAs are evolutionarily conserved from rodents to humans and present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and injuries, further identification of mechanistic role of nRAs will lead to a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory response and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Prescott
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra E. Münch
- Neuroscience Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Evan Brahms
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maya K. Weigel
- Neuroscience Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kenya Inoue
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Marion S. Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shane A. Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Todd C. Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Stranahan AM, Tabet A, Anikeeva P. Region-specific targeting of microglia in vivo using direct delivery of tamoxifen metabolites via microfluidic polymer fibers. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:131-142. [PMID: 37820974 PMCID: PMC10842189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Region-specific genetic manipulation of glial cells remains challenging due to the lack of anatomically selective transgenic models. Although local transduction is achievable with viral vectors, uniform recombination can be challenging in larger brain regions. We investigated the efficacy of intraparenchymal delivery of the tamoxifen metabolite endoxifen using inducible cre reporter mice. After observing localized reporter induction following stereotaxic injections of endoxifen in CX3CR1creERT2 mice, we carried out chronic delivery via osmotic pumps attached to bilateral cannulas made of stainless steel or microfluidic polymer fibers. Analysis of reporter expression in sections or iDISCO-cleared brains from TMEM119creERT2 mice revealed widespread induction following chronic infusion. Neuronal damage and gliosis were more prevalent around steel cannulas than polymer fibers, and glial reactivity was further attenuated when devices were implanted two months before drug delivery. In summary, region-specific recombination is achievable in glia with minimal tissue damage after endoxifen delivery via microfluidic polymer implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Anthony Tabet
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA; Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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9
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Kim JD, Copperi F, Diano S. Microglia in Central Control of Metabolism. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 37962895 PMCID: PMC11283896 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as brain immune cells, microglia act as metabolic sensors in response to changes in nutrient availability, thus playing a role in energy homeostasis. This review highlights the evidence and challenges of studying the role of microglia in metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Dae Kim
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
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10
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Prescott K, Münch AE, Brahms E, Weigel MM, Inoue K, Buckwalter MS, Liddelow SA, Peterson TC. Blocking Formation of Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes is Beneficial Following Stroke. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561918. [PMID: 37905154 PMCID: PMC10614742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes play an important role in the neuroinflammatory response and contribute to both the destruction of neighboring tissue as well as the resolution of inflammation following stroke. These reactive glial cells are highly heterogeneous at both the transcriptomic and functional level. Depending upon the stimulus, microglia and astrocytes mount a complex, and specific response composed of distinct microglial and astrocyte substates. These substates ultimately drive the landscape of the initiation and recovery from the adverse stimulus. In one state, inflammation- and damage-induced microglia release tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α (IL1α), and complement component 1q (C1q), together 'TIC'. This cocktail of cytokines drives astrocytes into a neurotoxic reactive astrocyte (nRA) substate. This nRA substate is associated with loss of many physiological astrocyte functions (e.g., synapse formation and maturation, phagocytosis, among others), as well as a gain-of-function release of neurotoxic long-chain fatty acids which kill neighboring cells. Here we report that transgenic removal of TIC led to reduction of gliosis, infarct expansion, and worsened functional deficits in the acute and delayed stages following stroke. Our results suggest that TIC cytokines, and likely nRAs play an important role that may maintain neuroinflammation and inhibit functional motor recovery after ischemic stroke. This is the first report that this paradigm is relevant in stroke and that therapies against nRAs may be a novel means to treat patients. Since nRAs are evolutionarily conserved from rodents to humans and present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and injuries, further identification of mechanistic role of nRAs will lead to a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory response and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Prescott
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 28428
| | | | - Evan Brahms
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, 94305
| | | | - Kenya Inoue
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 28428
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, 94305
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, 94305
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 10016
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 10016
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 10016
- Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 10016
| | - Todd C Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 28428
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, 94305
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11
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Borgonetti V, Caroli C, Governa P, Virginia B, Pollastro F, Franchini S, Manetti F, Les F, López V, Pellati F, Galeotti N. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench reduces body weight gain and modulates mood disorders via inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by arzanol. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4304-4320. [PMID: 37433745 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is steadily rising, making safe and more efficient anti-obesity treatments an urgent medical need. Growing evidence correlates obesity and comorbidities, including anxiety and depression, with the development of a low-grade inflammation in peripheral and central tissues. We hypothesized that attenuating neuroinflammation might reduce weight gain and improve mood. We investigated the efficacy of a methanolic extract from Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (HSE), well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and its main constituent arzanol (AZL). HPLC-ESI-MS2 and HPLC-UV were used to characterize the extract. HSE effects on mood and feeding behavior was assessed in mice. The mechanism of action of HSE and AZL was investigated in hippocampus samples and SH-SY5Y cells by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Oral administration of HSE for 3 weeks limited weight gain with no significant decrease in food intake. HSE produced an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like phenotype comparable to diazepam and amitriptyline, respectively, in the absence of locomotor and cognitive impairments and induced neuroprotective effects in glutamate-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. A dose-dependent reduction of SIRT1 expression was detected in SH-SY5Y cells and in hippocampal samples from HSE-treated mice. The inhibition of the SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway was induced in the hypothalamus. Molecular docking studies proposed a mechanism of SIRT1 inhibition by AZL, confirmed by the evaluation of inhibitory effects on SIRT1 enzymatic activity. HSE limited weight gain and comorbidities through an AZL-mediated SIRT1 inhibition. These activities indicate HSE an innovative therapeutic perspective for obesity and associated mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Clarissa Caroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brighenti Virginia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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12
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Olloquequi J, Ettcheto M, Cano A, Fortuna A, Bicker J, Sánchez-Lopez E, Paz C, Ureña J, Verdaguer E, Auladell C, Camins A. Licochalcone A: A Potential Multitarget Drug for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14177. [PMID: 37762479 PMCID: PMC10531537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (Lico-A) is a flavonoid compound derived from the root of the Glycyrrhiza species, a plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. While the Glycyrrhiza species has shown promise in treating various diseases such as cancer, obesity, and skin diseases due to its active compounds, the investigation of Licochalcone A's effects on the central nervous system and its potential application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment have garnered significant interest. Studies have reported the neuroprotective effects of Lico-A, suggesting its potential as a multitarget compound. Lico-A acts as a PTP1B inhibitor, enhancing cognitive activity through the BDNF-TrkB pathway and exhibiting inhibitory effects on microglia activation, which enables mitigation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, Lico-A inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, a key enzyme involved in tau phosphorylation, and modulates the brain insulin receptor, which plays a role in cognitive processes. Lico-A also acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, leading to increased levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) in the brain. This mechanism enhances cognitive capacity in individuals with AD. Finally, Lico-A has shown the ability to reduce amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD, and exhibits antioxidant properties by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of antioxidant defense mechanisms. In the present review, we discuss the available findings analyzing the potential of Lico-A as a neuroprotective agent. Continued research on Lico-A holds promise for the development of novel treatments for cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. Further investigations into its multitarget action and elucidation of underlying mechanisms will contribute to our understanding of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Olloquequi
- Departament of Biochemistry and Physiology, Physiology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27/31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Departament of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.); (A.C.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Reus, Spain
| | - Amanda Cano
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, International University of Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Sánchez-Lopez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Jesús Ureña
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.); (A.C.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (E.S.-L.); (J.U.); (E.V.); (C.A.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Reus, Spain
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13
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Batabyal RA, Bansal A, Cechinel LR, Authelet K, Goldberg M, Nadler E, Keene CD, Jayadev S, Domoto-Reilly K, Li G, Peskind E, Hashimoto-Torii K, Buchwald D, Freishtat RJ. Adipocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles from Patients with Alzheimer Disease Carry miRNAs Predicted to Target the CREB Signaling Pathway in Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14024. [PMID: 37762325 PMCID: PMC10530811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic dysfunction, and progressive dementia. Midlife obesity increases the risk of developing AD. Adipocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (ad-sEVs) have been implicated as a mechanism in several obesity-related diseases. We hypothesized that ad-sEVs from patients with AD would contain miRNAs predicted to downregulate pathways involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. We isolated ad-sEVs from the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with AD and controls and compared miRNA expression profiles. We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on differentially expressed miRNAs to identify highly interconnected clusters correlating with clinical traits. The WGCNA identified a module of differentially expressed miRNAs, in both the serum and CSF, that was inversely correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Within this module, miRNAs that downregulate CREB signaling in neurons were highly represented. These results demonstrate that miRNAs carried by ad-sEVs in patients with AD may downregulate CREB signaling and provide a potential mechanistic link between midlife obesity and increased risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Batabyal
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
| | - Ankush Bansal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Kayla Authelet
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Madeleine Goldberg
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
| | - Evan Nadler
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; (S.J.)
| | - Kimiko Domoto-Reilly
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; (S.J.)
| | - Gail Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Institute for Research Education to Advance Community Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Robert J. Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA (M.G.); (R.J.F.)
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; (E.N.)
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14
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Wencel PL, Blecharz-Klin K, Piechal A, Pyrzanowska J, Mirowska-Guzel D, Strosznajder RP. Fingolimod Modulates the Gene Expression of Proteins Engaged in Inflammation and Amyloid-Beta Metabolism and Improves Exploratory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Obese Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1388-1404. [PMID: 37432552 PMCID: PMC10480137 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, which has become one of the most important health problems, and is also linked with memory and executive function decline. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates cell death/survival and the inflammatory response via its specific receptors (S1PRs). Since the role of S1P and S1PRs in obesity is rather obscure, we examined the effect of fingolimod (an S1PR modulator) on the expression profile of genes encoding S1PRs, sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), proteins engaged in amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation (ADAM10, BACE1, PSEN2), GSK3β, proapoptotic Bax, and proinflammatory cytokines in the cortex and hippocampus of obese/prediabetic mouse brains. In addition, we observed behavioral changes. Our results revealed significantly elevated mRNA levels of Bace1, Psen2, Gsk3b, Sphk1, Bax, and proinflammatory cytokines, which were accompanied by downregulation of S1pr1 and sirtuin 1 in obese mice. Moreover, locomotor activity, spatially guided exploratory behavior, and object recognition were impaired. Simultaneously, fingolimod reversed alterations in the expressions of the cytokines, Bace1, Psen2, and Gsk3b that occurred in the brain, elevated S1pr3 mRNA levels, restored normal cognition-related behavior patterns, and exerted anxiolytic effects. The improvement in episodic and recognition memory observed in this animal model of obesity may suggest a beneficial effect of fingolimod on central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego St., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Cozachenco D, Zimmer ER, Lourenco MV. Emerging concepts towards a translational framework in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105246. [PMID: 37236385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made to understand the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. However, clinical trials targeting AD pathological hallmarks have consistently failed. Refinement of AD conceptualization, modeling, and assessment is key to developing successful therapies. Here, we review critical findings and discuss emerging ideas to integrate molecular mechanisms and clinical approaches in AD. We further propose a refined workflow for animal studies incorporating multimodal biomarkers used in clinical studies - delineating critical paths for drug discovery and translation. Addressing unresolved questions with the proposed conceptual and experimental framework may accelerate the development of effective disease-modifying strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cozachenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry (PPGBioq), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacology and Therapeutics (PPGFT), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Cruz KLO, Salla DH, Oliveira MP, Silva LE, Vedova LMD, Mendes TF, Bressan CBC, Silva MR, Santos SML, Soares HJ, Mendes RL, Vernke CN, Silva MG, Laurentino AOM, Medeiros FD, Vilela TC, Lemos I, Bitencourt RM, Réus GZ, Streck EL, Mello AH, Rezin GT. Energy metabolism and behavioral parameters in female mice subjected to obesity and offspring deprivation stress. Behav Brain Res 2023; 451:114526. [PMID: 37271313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and energy metabolism parameters in female mice subjected to obesity and offspring deprivation (OD) stress. Eighty female Swiss mice, 40 days old, were weighed and divided into two groups: Control group (control diet, n = 40) and Obese group (high-fat diet, n = 40), for induction of the animal model of obesity, the protocol was based on the consumption of a high-fat diet and lasted 8 weeks. Subsequently, the females were subjected to pregnancy, after the birth of the offspring, were divided again into the following groups (n = 20): Control non-deprived (ND), Control + OD, Obese ND, and Obese + OD, for induction of the stress protocol by OD. After the offspring were 21 days old, weaning was performed and the dams were subjected to behavioral tests. The animals were humanely sacrificed, the brain was removed, and brain structures were isolated to assess energy metabolism. Both obesity and OD led to anhedonia in the dams. It was shown that the structures most affected by obesity and OD are the hypothalamus and hippocampus, as evidenced by the mitochondrial dysfunction found in these structures. When analyzing the groups separately, it was observed that OD led to more pronounced mitochondrial damage; however, the association of obesity with OD, as well as obesity alone, also generated damage. Thus, it is concluded that obesity and OD lead to anhedonia in animals and to mitochondrial dysfunction in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, which may lead to losses in feeding control and cognition of the dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia L O Cruz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Daniele H Salla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Larissa E Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil.
| | - Larissa M D Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Talita F Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Catarina B C Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mariella R Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Sheila M L Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Hevylin J Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Rayane L Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Camila N Vernke
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Marina G Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Ana O M Laurentino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Fabiana D Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Thais C Vilela
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lemos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Z Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline H Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil
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17
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Ab-Hamid N, Omar N, Ismail CAN, Long I. Diabetes and cognitive decline: Challenges and future direction. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:795-807. [PMID: 37383592 PMCID: PMC10294066 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that diabetes can induce cognitive decline and dementia. It is a slow, progressive cognitive decline that can occur in any age group, but is seen more frequently in older individuals. Symptoms related to cognitive decline are worsened by chronic metabolic syndrome. Animal models are frequently utilized to elucidate the mechanisms of cognitive decline in diabetes and to assess potential drugs for therapy and prevention. This review addresses the common factors and pathophysiology involved in diabetes-related cognitive decline and outlines the various animal models used to study this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhamidar Ab-Hamid
- Biomedicine program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norsuhana Omar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Idris Long
- Biomedicine program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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18
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Escobar AP, Bonansco C, Cruz G, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Fuenzalida M, Negrón I, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Martínez-Pinto J, Jorquera G. Central and Peripheral Inflammation: A Common Factor Causing Addictive and Neurological Disorders and Aging-Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10083. [PMID: 37373230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases and degenerative processes affecting the nervous system and peripheral organs trigger the activation of inflammatory cascades. Inflammation can be triggered by different environmental conditions or risk factors, including drug and food addiction, stress, and aging, among others. Several pieces of evidence show that the modern lifestyle and, more recently, the confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increasing the incidence of addictive and neuropsychiatric disorders, plus cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we gather evidence on how some of these risk factors are implicated in activating central and peripheral inflammation contributing to some neuropathologies and behaviors associated with poor health. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of inflammation and how these processes occur in different cells and tissues to promote ill health and diseases. Concomitantly, we discuss how some pathology-associated and addictive behaviors contribute to worsening these inflammation mechanisms, leading to a vicious cycle that promotes disease progression. Finally, we list some drugs targeting inflammation-related pathways that may have beneficial effects on the pathological processes associated with addictive, mental, and cardiometabolic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ignacio Negrón
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
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19
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Abi-Ghanem C, Salinero AE, Kordit D, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Venkataganesh H, Kyaw NR, Gannon OJ, Riccio D, Fredman G, Poitelon Y, Belin S, Kopec AM, Robison LS, Zuloaga KL. Sex differences in the effects of high fat diet on underlying neuropathology in a mouse model of VCID. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 37208759 PMCID: PMC10199629 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to the cerebral vasculature can lead to vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). A reduction in blood flow to the brain leads to neuropathology, including neuroinflammation and white matter lesions that are a hallmark of VCID. Mid-life metabolic disease (obesity, prediabetes, or diabetes) is a risk factor for VCID which may be sex-dependent (female bias). METHODS We compared the effects of mid-life metabolic disease between males and females in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model of VCID. C57BL/6J mice were fed a control or high fat (HF) diet starting at ~ 8.5 months of age. Three months after diet initiation, sham or unilateral carotid artery occlusion surgery (VCID model) was performed. Three months later, mice underwent behavior testing and brains were collected to assess pathology. RESULTS We have previously shown that in this VCID model, HF diet causes greater metabolic impairment and a wider array of cognitive deficits in females compared to males. Here, we report on sex differences in the underlying neuropathology, specifically white matter changes and neuroinflammation in several areas of the brain. White matter was negatively impacted by VCID in males and HF diet in females, with greater metabolic impairment correlating with less myelin markers in females only. High fat diet led to an increase in microglia activation in males but not in females. Further, HF diet led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and pro-resolving mediator mRNA expression in females but not males. CONCLUSIONS The current study adds to our understanding of sex differences in underlying neuropathology of VCID in the presence of a common risk factor (obesity/prediabetes). This information is crucial for the development of effective, sex-specific therapeutic interventions for VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Kordit
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Febronia M Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Nyi-Rein Kyaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Gabrielle Fredman
- Department Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ashley M Kopec
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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20
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Embong H, Balan SS, Othman F, Bahari H, Yazid MD. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Obesity and Its Impact on Cognitive Impairments-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051071. [PMID: 37237937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition that induces the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation. This oxidative stress and inflammation stimulate brain atrophy and some morphological changes in the brain that eventually result in cognitive impairments. However, there is no exact study that has summarized the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity and its impact on cognitive impairments. Thus, the objective of this review is to recapitulate the current role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cognitive decline based on in vivo evidence. A comprehensive search was performed in Nature, Medline and Ovid, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, and the search was limited to the past 10 years of publication. From the search, we identified 27 articles to be further reviewed. The outcome of this study indicates that a greater amount of fat stored in individual adipocytes in obesity induces the formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. This will lead to the generation of oxidative stress, which may cause morphological changes in the brain, suppress the endogenous antioxidant system, and promote neuroinflammation and, eventually, neuronal apoptosis. This will impair the normal function of the brain and specific regions that are involved in learning, as well as memory. This shows that obesity has a strong positive correlation with cognitive impairments. Hence, this review summarizes the mechanism of oxidative stress and inflammation that induce memory loss based on animal model evidence. In conclusion, this review may serve as an insight into therapeutic development focusing on oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways to manage an obesity-induced cognitive decline in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Santhra Segaran Balan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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21
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Guha Ray A, Odum OP, Wiseman D, Weinstock A. The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147434. [PMID: 36994095 PMCID: PMC10041730 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most functionally diverse immune cells, indispensable to maintain tissue integrity and metabolic health. Macrophages perform a myriad of functions ranging from promoting inflammation, through inflammation resolution to restoring and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolic diseases encompass a growing list of diseases which develop from a mix of genetics and environmental cues leading to metabolic dysregulation and subsequent inflammation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of macrophages to four metabolic conditions-insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegeneration. The role of macrophages is complex, yet they hold great promise as potential therapies to address these growing health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Weinstock
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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22
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Vargas-Soria M, García-Alloza M, Corraliza-Gómez M. Effects of diabetes on microglial physiology: a systematic review of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:57. [PMID: 36869375 PMCID: PMC9983227 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia, commonly preceded by a prediabetic state. The excess of blood glucose can damage multiple organs, including the brain. In fact, cognitive decline and dementia are increasingly being recognized as important comorbidities of diabetes. Despite the largely consistent link between diabetes and dementia, the underlying causes of neurodegeneration in diabetic patients remain to be elucidated. A common factor for almost all neurological disorders is neuroinflammation, a complex inflammatory process in the central nervous system for the most part orchestrated by microglial cells, the main representatives of the immune system in the brain. In this context, our research question aimed to understand how diabetes affects brain and/or retinal microglia physiology. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science to identify research items addressing the effects of diabetes on microglial phenotypic modulation, including critical neuroinflammatory mediators and their pathways. The literature search yielded 1327 records, including 18 patents. Based on the title and abstracts, 830 papers were screened from which 250 primary research papers met the eligibility criteria (original research articles with patients or with a strict diabetes model without comorbidities, that included direct data about microglia in the brain or retina), and 17 additional research papers were included through forward and backward citations, resulting in a total of 267 primary research articles included in the scoping systematic review. We reviewed all primary publications investigating the effects of diabetes and/or its main pathophysiological traits on microglia, including in vitro studies, preclinical models of diabetes and clinical studies on diabetic patients. Although a strict classification of microglia remains elusive given their capacity to adapt to the environment and their morphological, ultrastructural and molecular dynamism, diabetes modulates microglial phenotypic states, triggering specific responses that include upregulation of activity markers (such as Iba1, CD11b, CD68, MHC-II and F4/80), morphological shift to amoeboid shape, secretion of a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, metabolic reprogramming and generalized increase of oxidative stress. Pathways commonly activated by diabetes-related conditions include NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, fractalkine/CX3CR1, MAPKs, AGEs/RAGE and Akt/mTOR. Altogether, the detailed portrait of complex interactions between diabetes and microglia physiology presented here can be regarded as an important starting point for future research focused on the microglia-metabolism interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vargas-Soria
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Alloza
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Corraliza-Gómez
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Provincia de Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
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23
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Cullinane PW, de Pablo Fernandez E, König A, Outeiro TF, Jaunmuktane Z, Warner TT. Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease: A Focused Review of Current Concepts. Mov Disord 2023; 38:162-177. [PMID: 36567671 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly reproducible epidemiological evidence shows that type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk and rate of progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), and crucially, the repurposing of certain antidiabetic medications for the treatment of PD has shown early promise in clinical trials, suggesting that the effects of T2D on PD pathogenesis may be modifiable. The high prevalence of T2D means that a significant proportion of patients with PD may benefit from personalized antidiabetic treatment approaches that also confer neuroprotective benefits. Therefore, there is an immediate need to better understand the mechanistic relation between these conditions and the specific molecular pathways affected by T2D in the brain. Although there is considerable evidence that processes such as insulin signaling, mitochondrial function, autophagy, and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of both PD and T2D, the primary aim of this review is to highlight the evidence showing that T2D-associated dysregulation of these pathways occurs not only in the periphery but also in the brain and how this may facilitate neurodegeneration in PD. We also discuss the challenges involved in disentangling the complex relationship between T2D, insulin resistance, and PD, as well as important questions for further research. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Cullinane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo de Pablo Fernandez
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Square Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies and Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Queen Square Movement Disorders Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Stranahan AM, Guo DH, Yamamoto M, Hernandez CM, Khodadadi H, Baban B, Zhi W, Lei Y, Lu X, Ding K, Isales CM. Sex Differences in Adipose Tissue Distribution Determine Susceptibility to Neuroinflammation in Mice With Dietary Obesity. Diabetes 2023; 72:245-260. [PMID: 36367881 PMCID: PMC9871229 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preferential energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) confers protection against obesity-induced pathophysiology in females. Females also exhibit distinct immunological responses, relative to males. These differences are often attributed to sex hormones, but reciprocal interactions between metabolism, immunity, and gonadal steroids remain poorly understood. We systematically characterized adipose tissue hypertrophy, sex steroids, and inflammation in male and female mice after increasing durations of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After observing that sex differences in adipose tissue distribution before HFD were correlated with lasting protection against inflammation in females, we hypothesized that a priori differences in the ratio of subcutaneous to visceral fat might mediate this relationship. To test this, male and female mice underwent SAT lipectomy (LPX) or sham surgery before HFD challenge, followed by analysis of glial reactivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and reproductive steroids. Because LPX eliminated female resistance to the proinflammatory effects of HFD without changing circulating sex hormones, we conclude that sexually dimorphic organization of subcutaneous and visceral fat determines susceptibility to inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - De-Huang Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Caterina M. Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
- Plastic Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xinyun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Kehong Ding
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Carlos M. Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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25
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Obesity-Induced Brain Neuroinflammatory and Mitochondrial Changes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010086. [PMID: 36677011 PMCID: PMC9865135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation, and it is a risk factor for developing metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive deficits. Obesity is caused by an imbalance in energy homeostasis resulting from increased caloric intake associated with a sedentary lifestyle. However, the entire physiopathology linking obesity with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline has not yet been elucidated. During the progression of obesity, adipose tissue undergoes immune, metabolic, and functional changes that induce chronic low-grade inflammation. It has been proposed that inflammatory processes may participate in both the peripheral disorders and brain disorders associated with obesity, including the development of cognitive deficits. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is related to inflammation and oxidative stress, causing cellular oxidative damage. Preclinical and clinical studies of obesity and metabolic disorders have demonstrated mitochondrial brain dysfunction. Since neuronal cells have a high energy demand and mitochondria play an important role in maintaining a constant energy supply, impairments in mitochondrial activity lead to neuronal damage and dysfunction and, consequently, to neurotoxicity. In this review, we highlight the effect of obesity and high-fat diet consumption on brain neuroinflammation and mitochondrial changes as a link between metabolic dysfunction and cognitive decline.
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26
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Al-Onaizi M, Al-Sarraf A, Braysh K, Kazem F, Al-Hussaini H, Rao M, Kilarkaje N, ElAli A. Impaired spatial navigation and age-dependent hippocampal synaptic dysfunction are associated with chronic inflammatory response in db/db mice. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6003-6021. [PMID: 36226387 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been proposed to be driven by an abnormal neuroinflammatory response affecting cognitive function. However, the impact of T2DM on hippocampal function and synaptic integrity during aging has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of aging in T2DM on AD-like pathology using the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse model of T2DM. Our results indicate that adult T2DM mice exhibited impaired spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze (MWM). Morphological analysis showed an age-dependent neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus. We found that astrocyte density was significantly decreased in all regions of the hippocampus in T2DM mice. Our analysis showed that microglial activation was increased in the CA3 and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in an age-dependent manner in T2DM mice. However, the expression of presynaptic marker protein (synaptophysin) and the postsynaptic marker protein [postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)] was unchanged in the hippocampus of adult T2DM mice. Interestingly, synaptophysin and PSD95 expression significantly decreased in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice, suggesting an impaired hippocampal synaptic integrity. Cytokine profiling analysis displayed a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine profile in the hippocampus of aged T2DM mice compared with the younger cohort, outlining the role of aging in exacerbating the neuroinflammatory profile in the diabetic state. Our results suggest that T2DM impairs cognitive function by promoting neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus and triggering an age-dependent deterioration in hippocampal synaptic integrity, associated with an aberrant neuroinflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Sarraf
- Undergraduate Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatema Kazem
- Undergraduate Medical Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Narayana Kilarkaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Ongnok B, Maneechote C, Chunchai T, Pantiya P, Arunsak B, Nawara W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Modulation of mitochondrial dynamics rescues cognitive function in rats with 'doxorubicin-induced chemobrain' via mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. FEBS J 2022; 289:6435-6455. [PMID: 35514149 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective, extensively used chemotherapeutic drug, can cause cognitive deterioration in cancer patients. The associated debilitating neurological sequelae are referred to as chemobrain. Our recent work demonstrated that Dox treatment resulted in an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, ultimately culminating in cognitive decline in rats. Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore the therapeutic efficacy of a pharmacological intervention, which modulates mitochondrial dynamics using a potent mitochondrial fission inhibitor (Mdivi-1) and mitochondrial fusion promoter (M1) against Dox-induced chemobrain. In the study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either normal saline solution or six doses of Dox (3 mg·kg-1 ) via intraperitoneal injection. Then, the Dox-treated rats were intraperitoneally given either 1% DMSO as the vehicle, Mdivi-1 (1.2 mg·kg-1 ), M1 (2 mg·kg-1 ), or a combined treatment of Mdivi-1 and M1 for 30 consecutive days. Long-term learning and memory were evaluated using the novel object location task and novel object recognition task. Following euthanasia, the rat brains were dissected to enable further molecular investigation. We demonstrated that long-term treatment with mitochondrial dynamic modulators suppressed mitochondrial fission in the hippocampus following Dox treatment, leading to an improvement in brain homeostasis. Mitochondrial dynamic modulator treatments restored cognitive function in Dox-treated rats by attenuating neuroinflammation, decreasing oxidative stress, preserving synaptic integrity, reducing potential Alzheimer's related lesions, and mitigating both apoptosis and necroptosis following Dox administration. Together, our findings suggested that mitochondrial dynamics modulators protected against Dox-induced cognitive impairment by rebalancing mitochondrial homeostasis and attenuating both oxidative and inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ongnok
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Patcharapong Pantiya
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Wichwara Nawara
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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Łuc M, Woźniak M, Rymaszewska J. Neuroinflammation in Dementia—Therapeutic Directions in a COVID-19 Pandemic Setting. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192959. [PMID: 36230921 PMCID: PMC9562181 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dementia is a heterogenous group of diseases, inflammation has been shown to play a central role in all of them and provides a common link in their pathology. This review aims to highlight the importance of immune response in the most common types of dementia. We describe molecular aspects of pro-inflammatory signaling and sources of inflammatory activation in the human organism, including a novel infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2. The role of glial cells in neuroinflammation, as well as potential therapeutic approaches, are then discussed. Peripheral immune response and increased cytokine production, including an early surge in TNF and IL-1β concentrations activate glia, leading to aggravation of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of neurons during COVID-19. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, have a large impact on future cognitive outcomes and should be included as a crucial intervention in dementia prevention. While the use of NSAIDs is not recommended due to inconclusive results on their efficacy and risk of side effects, the studies focused on the use of TNF antagonists as the more specific target in neuroinflammation are still very limited. It is still unknown, to what degree neuroinflammation resulting from COVID-19 may affect neurodegenerative process and cognitive functioning in the long term with ongoing reports of chronic post-COVID complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łuc
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Henn RE, Noureldein MH, Elzinga SE, Kim B, Savelieff MG, Feldman EL. Glial-neuron crosstalk in health and disease: A focus on metabolism, obesity, and cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105766. [PMID: 35584728 PMCID: PMC10071699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a complex set of disorders affecting normal cognitive function. Recently, several clinical studies have shown that diabetes, obesity, and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with cognitive impairment, including dementias such as Alzheimer's disease. Maintaining normal cognitive function is an intricate process involving coordination of neuron function with multiple brain glia. Well-orchestrated bioenergetics is a central requirement of neurons, which need large amounts of energy but lack significant energy storage capacity. Thus, one of the most important glial functions is to provide metabolic support and ensure an adequate energy supply for neurons. Obesity and metabolic disease dysregulate glial function, leading to a failure to respond to neuron energy demands, which results in neuronal damage. In this review, we outline evidence for links between diabetes, obesity, and MetS components to cognitive impairment. Next, we focus on the metabolic crosstalk between the three major glial cell types, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, with neurons under physiological conditions. Finally, we outline how diabetes, obesity, and MetS components can disrupt glial function, and how this disruption might impair glia-neuron metabolic crosstalk and ultimately promote cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E Henn
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Sarah E Elzinga
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Bhumsoo Kim
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
| | - Eva L Feldman
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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Dutta BJ, Singh S, Seksaria S, Das Gupta G, Singh A. Inside the diabetic brain: Insulin resistance and molecular mechanism associated with cognitive impairment and its possible therapeutic strategies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106358. [PMID: 35863719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the most prevalent metabolic disease that has evolved into a major public health issue. Concerning about its secondary complications, a growing body of evidence links T2DM to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying pathology behind this secondary complication disease is yet to be fully known. Nonetheless, they are likely to be associated with poor insulin signaling as a result of insulin resistance. We have combed through a rising body of literature on insulin signaling in the normal and diabetic brains along with various factors like insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, obesity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and Aβ plaques which can act independently or synergistically to link T2DM with cognitive impairments. Finally, we explored several pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods in the hopes of accelerating the rational development of medications for cognitive impairment in T2DM by better understanding these shared pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
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Chunchai T, Arinno A, Ongnok B, Pantiya P, Khuanjing T, Prathumsap N, Maneechote C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Ranolazine alleviated cardiac/brain dysfunction in doxorubicin-treated rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 127:104818. [PMID: 35882281 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox), a powerful chemotherapeutic agent, has been shown to cause cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Ranolazine, a drug that is commonly used to treat patients with chronic angina, has been shown to reduce toxicity from Dox therapy. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the mechanisms behind the protective effects of ranolazine on the heart and brain in Dox-treatment. Twenty-four male Wistar rats received 6 doses of either 0.9% normal saline (0.9% NSS, i.p., n = 8) or Dox (3 mg/kg, i.p., n = 16). All Dox-treated rats were assigned into 2 groups to receive vehicle (0.9% NSS, orally; n = 8) or ranolazine (305 mg/kg/day, orally; n = 8) for 30 consecutive days. Following the treatments, left ventricular (LV) function and cognition were determined. Animals were euthanized, then the heart and brain were collected for further analysis. Dox induced systemic oxidative stress/inflammation, and cardiac injury evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, and apoptosis, resulting in LV dysfunction. Ranolazine significantly improved LV function via attenuating cardiac injury. Dox also caused brain pathologies as indicated by increased brain inflammation, impaired blood-brain barrier integrity, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial dysmorphology, hippocampal dysplasticity, and increased apoptosis, resulting in cognitive decline. Ranolazine exerted neuroprotective effects by suppressing brain pathologies and restoring cognitive function. These findings suggest that ranolazine has a potential role in cardio- and neuro-protection against chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titikorn Chunchai
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patcharapong Pantiya
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nanthip Prathumsap
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neuroelectrophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Chen J, Ding Q, Jiao X, Wang B, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Dexmedetomidine attenuates hippocampal neuroinflammation in postoperative neurocognitive disorders by inhibiting microRNA-329-3p and activating the CREB1/IL1RA axis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2171-2186. [PMID: 35412062 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to its anti-inflammatory effect, dexmedetomidine (DEX) can confer neuroprotection in postoperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD). Here, the mechanism responsible for this effect of DEX is rarely ascertained. OBJECTIVES Our research was implemented to figure out mechanism governing the protection of DEX against hippocampal neuroinflammation in postoperative NCD. METHODS Exploratory laparotomy was applied for generating a postoperative NCD mouse model before bilateral hippocampal injection with microRNA (miR)-329-3p-agomir and intraperitoneal injection with DEX. Cognitive function of mice was evaluated by water maze test and fear conditioning test. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess microglial activation in hippocampus. After cell transfection and DEX treatment, mouse microglial cells (BV-2) were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and the number of phagocytes were assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was adopted to assess the relationship between miR-329-3p and CREB1. RESULTS miR-329-3p expression was reduced in the postoperative NCD mice after DEX treatment. DEX treatment or miR-329-3p downregulation caused attenuated cognitive dysfunction and microglia activation as well as reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus of the postoperative NCD mice. Mechanistically, miR-329-3p inversely targeted CREB1 that activated IL1RA in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. DEX treatment, miR-329-3p inhibition, or CREB1 or IL1RA upregulation curtailed the release of proinflammatory proteins and the number of phagocytes in LPS-induced BV-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data provided the novel insight of the neuroprotective mechanism of DEX in postoperative NCD pertaining to the miR-329-3p/CREB1/IL1RA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chen
- Anesthesia Operation Center, The First Peoples Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ding
- Anesthesia Operation Center, Xi´an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777, Xitai Road, 710100, Xi´an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxue Jiao
- Anesthesia Operation Center, The First Peoples Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Binrong Wang
- Anesthesia Operation Center, Xi´an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777, Xitai Road, 710100, Xi´an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Armed Police Corps Hospital, Guangzhou, 510507, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Anesthesia Operation Center, Xi´an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777, Xitai Road, 710100, Xi´an, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Anesthesia Operation Center, Xi´an International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777, Xitai Road, 710100, Xi´an, People's Republic of China.
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Breton E, Fotso Soh J, Booij L. Immunoinflammatory processes: Overlapping mechanisms between obesity and eating disorders? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104688. [PMID: 35594735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and eating disorders are conditions that involve eating behaviors and are sometimes comorbid. Current evidence supports alterations in immunoinflammatory processes in both obesity and eating disorders. A plausible hypothesis is that immunoinflammatory processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and eating disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between obesity and eating disorders, with a particular focus on immunoinflammatory processes. First, the relation between obesity and eating disorders will be presented, followed by a brief review of the literature on their association with immunoinflammatory processes. Second, developmental factors will be discussed to clarify the link between obesity, eating disorders, and immunoinflammatory processes. Genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as the potential roles of stress pathways and early life development will be presented. Finally, implications of these findings for future research are discussed. This review highlighted biological and developmental aspects that overlap between obesity and EDs, emphasizing the need for biopsychosocial research approaches to advance current knowledge and practice in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Breton
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J Fotso Soh
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - L Booij
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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Tian R, Liu X, Jing L, Yang L, Xie N, Hou Y, Tao H, Tao Y, Wu J, Meng X. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction attenuates cognitive dysfunction of rats with type 2 diabetes by regulating autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115196. [PMID: 35337922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) is a traditional Chinese formula that is efficacious in treating diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetic encephalopathy; the underlying mechanisms of HLJDD in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of HLJDD on cognitive function, and the possible underlying mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rat model of cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve active ingredients in HLJDD were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. An animal model of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM was induced via a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, T2DM, metformin (0.34 g/kg/day), and HLJDD groups (3, 1.5, and 0.75 g/kg/day). All treatments were intragastrically administrated for nine continuous weeks after the development of T2DM. Body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid levels were measured. Spatial learning and memory of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining were performed to evaluate neuronal morphology and vitality. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels were measured to determine the level of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the synaptic morphology and structure of hippocampal neurons. IL-1β levels in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. The protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, mature IL-1β, ATG7, P62, LC3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS HLJDD attenuated cognitive dysfunction in rats with T2DM as shown by the decreased escape latency, increased times crossing the platform and time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test (P < 0.05), improvement in hippocampal histopathological changes, and an elevated level of cell vitality. HLJDD treatment also reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, ameliorated oxidative stress, and downregulated IL-1β expression in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid (P < 0.05). Moreover, HLJDD enhanced BDNF, ATG7, and LC3 protein expression and significantly inhibited the expression of P62, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and mature IL-1β in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence results further confirmed that the fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and P62 in the hippocampus decreased after HLJDD intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HLJDD ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats. The neuroprotective effect is exerted via the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, upregulation of autophagy, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Na Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Near-infrared light reduces glia activation and modulates neuroinflammation in the brains of diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10848. [PMID: 35761012 PMCID: PMC9237037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key event in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and characterizes metabolic pathologies like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Growing evidence in humans shows that obesity increases the risk of developing AD by threefold. Hippocampal neuroinflammation in rodents correlates with poor memory performance, suggesting that it contributes to cognitive decline. Here we propose that reducing obesity/T2D-driven neuroinflammation may prevent the progression of cognitive decline associated with AD-like neurodegenerative states. Near-infrared light (NIR) has attracted increasing attention as it was shown to improve learning and memory in both humans and animal models. We previously reported that transcranial NIR delivery reduced amyloid beta and Tau pathology and improved memory function in mouse models of AD. Here, we report the effects of NIR in preventing obesity-induced neuroinflammation in a diet-induced obese mouse model. Five-week-old wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks to induce obesity prior to transcranial delivery of NIR for 4 weeks during 90-s sessions given 5 days a week. After sacrifice, brain slices were subjected to free-floating immunofluorescence for microglia and astrocyte markers to evaluate glial activation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The hippocampal and cortical regions of the HFD group had increased expression of the activated microglial marker CD68 and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. NIR-treated HFD groups showed decreased levels of these markers. PCR revealed that hippocampal tissue from the HFD group had increased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Interestingly, the same samples showed increased levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. All these changes were attenuated by NIR treatment. Lastly, hippocampal levels of the neurotrophic factor BDNF were increased in NIR-treated HFD mice, compared to untreated HFD mice. The marked reductions in glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines along with elevated BDNF provide insights into how NIR could reduce neuroinflammation. These results support the use of NIR as a potential non-invasive and preventive therapeutic approach against chronic obesity-induced deficits that are known to occur with AD neuropathology.
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da Cruz KLDO, Salla DH, de Oliveira MP, da Silva LE, Dela Vedova LM, Mendes TF, Bressan CBC, Costa AB, da Silva MR, Réus GZ, de Mello AH, Rezin GT. The impact of obesity-related neuroinflammation on postpartum depression: A narrative review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:375-384. [PMID: 35595536 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently one of the most serious health problems, affecting 13% of the world's adult population. Obesity is characterized by persistent low-grade chronic inflammation that assumes systemic proportions and triggers several associated metabolic diseases. Furthermore, obesity has been associated with an increased occurrence of central disorders such as impaired cognitive function, reward system dysfunction, and depression. In summary, there is a quantitative reduction in the release of neurotransmitters in depression. Postsynaptic cells capture lower concentrations of neurotransmitters, which leads to a functional reduction in the central nervous system (CNS). Globally, approximately 15-65% of women experience depressive symptoms during pregnancy, depending on their location. Depressive symptoms persist in some women, leading to postpartum depression (PPD). Thus, obesity may be considered a risk factor for PPD development. This study aimed to synthesize studies on the impact of obesity-related neuroinflammation and PPD. We conducted a narrative review of the relevant literature. The search was performed in electronic databases, specifically PubMed, selecting articles in English published from 2014 to 2021 using the narrative review methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Lourdes de Oliveira da Cruz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Daniele Hendler Salla
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Dela Vedova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Talita Farias Mendes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Catarina Barbosa Chaves Bressan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Costa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarao, Brazil
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Bray CE, Witcher KG, Adekunle-Adegbite D, Ouvina M, Witzel M, Hans E, Tapp ZM, Packer J, Goodman E, Zhao F, Chunchai T, O'Neil S, Chattipakorn SC, Sheridan J, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Askwith C, Godbout JP. Chronic Cortical Inflammation, Cognitive Impairment, and Immune Reactivity Associated with Diffuse Brain Injury Are Ameliorated by Forced Turnover of Microglia. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4215-4228. [PMID: 35440489 PMCID: PMC9121837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative complications that may develop after injury. Increased microglial reactivity following TBI may underlie chronic neuroinflammation, neuropathology, and exaggerated responses to immune challenges. Therefore, the goal of this study was to force turnover of trauma-associated microglia that develop after diffuse TBI and determine whether this alleviated chronic inflammation, improved functional recovery and attenuated reduced immune reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Male mice received a midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) and 7 d later were subjected to a forced microglia turnover paradigm using CSF1R antagonism (PLX5622). At 30 d postinjury (dpi), cortical gene expression, dendritic complexity, myelin content, neuronal connectivity, cognition, and immune reactivity were assessed. Myriad neuropathology-related genes were increased 30 dpi in the cortex, and 90% of these gene changes were reversed by microglial turnover. Reduced neuronal connectivity was evident 30 dpi and these deficits were attenuated by microglial turnover. TBI-associated dendritic remodeling and myelin alterations, however, remained 30 dpi independent of microglial turnover. In assessments of functional recovery, increased depressive-like behavior, and cognitive impairment 30 dpi were ameliorated by microglia turnover. To investigate microglial priming and reactivity 30 dpi, mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS. This immune challenge caused prolonged lethargy, sickness behavior, and microglial reactivity in the TBI mice. These extended complications with LPS in TBI mice were prevented by microglia turnover. Collectively, microglial turnover 7 dpi alleviated behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with microglial priming and immune reactivity 30 dpi.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A striking feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), even mild injuries, is that over 70% of individuals have long-term neuropsychiatric complications. Chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathology of these complications and these issues can be exaggerated by immune challenge. Therefore, our goal was to force the turnover of microglia 7 d after TBI. This subacute 7 d postinjury (dpi) time point is a critical transitional period in the shift toward chronic inflammatory processes and microglia priming. This forced microglia turnover intervention in mice attenuated the deficits in behavior and cognition 30 dpi. Moreover, microglia priming and immune reactivity after TBI were also reduced with microglia turnover. Therefore, microglia represent therapeutic targets after TBI to reduce persistent neuroinflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Bray
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kristina G Witcher
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | - Michelle Ouvina
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mollie Witzel
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Emma Hans
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zoe M Tapp
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan Packer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ethan Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shane O'Neil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - John Sheridan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Li J, Yi X, Li T, Yao T, Li D, Hu G, Ma Y, Chang B, Cao S. Effects of exercise and dietary intervention on muscle, adipose tissue, and blood IRISIN levels in obese male mice and their relationship with the beigeization of white adipose tissue. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0625.R1. [PMID: 35148278 PMCID: PMC8942313 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and newer therapeutic strategies to combat it are urgently required. This study aimed to analyze the effect of diet and exercise interventions on energy balance in mice and elucidate the mechanism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1-alpha-IRISIN-uncoupling protein-1 (PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1) pathway in the beigeization of white adipose tissue. METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal (NC) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. After 10 weeks of HFD feeding, obese mice were randomly divided into obesity control (OC), obesity diet control (OD), obesity exercise (OE), and obesity diet control exercise (ODE) groups. Mice in OE and ODE performed moderate-load treadmill exercises: for OD and ODE, the diet constituted 70% of the food intake of the OC group for 8 weeks. RESULTS Long-term HFD inhibits white adipose tissue beigeization by downregulating PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1 in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Eight weeks of exercise and dietary interventions alleviated obesity-induced skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1 pathway downregulation promoted white adipose tissue beigeization and reduced body adipose tissue. The effects of the combined intervention were better than those of single interventions. CONCLUSIONS Diet and exercise intervention after obesity and obesity itself may affect the beigeization of WAT by downregulating/upregulating the expression/secretion of skeletal muscle and adipose PGC-1α-IRISIN, thereby influencing the regulation of bodyweight. The effects of the combined intervention were better than those of single interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Li
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tingting Yao
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangxuan Hu
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongqi Ma
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Chang or S Cao: or
| | - Shicheng Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Public and Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Chang or S Cao: or
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Al-Dalaeen A, Al-Domi H. Does obesity put your brain at risk? Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102444. [PMID: 35247658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The negative impact of obesity on the brain is an issue of increasing clinical interest. Hence, this review summarized evidence linking obesity with brain morphology (gray and white matter volume), brain function (functional activation and connectivity), and cognitive function. METHODS A criticals review of the relevant published English articles between 2008 and 2022, using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Studies were included if (1) an experimental/intervention study was conducted (2) the experiment/intervention included both high fat diet or body weight, whether it could counteract the negative effect brain morphological or functional change. Critical analysis for a supporting study was also carried out. RESULTS Brain dysfunction can be recognized as result from neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, change in gut-brain hormonal functionality decrease regional blood flow or diminished hippocampal size and change in gut-brain hormonal functionality; which collectively translate into a cycle of deranged metabolic control and cognitive deficits, often obesity referred as changes in brain biochemistry and brain function. Recently, a few changes in brain structure and functions could be traced back even to obese children or adult. Evidence here suggested that obesity elicits early neuroinflammation effects, which likely disrupt the normal metabolism in hypothalamus, and hippocampus result from brain insulin resistance. The mechanisms of these robust effects are discussed herein. CONCLUSION Brain disease is inseparable from obesity itself and requires a better recognition to allow future therapeutic targeting for treatment of obesity. Additional research is needed to identify the best treatment targets and to identify if these changes reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Al-Dalaeen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11931, Jordan.
| | - Hayder Al-Domi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11492, Jordan.
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40
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Erichsen JM, Fadel JR, Reagan LP. Peripheral versus central insulin and leptin resistance: Role in metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuropharmacology 2022; 203:108877. [PMID: 34762922 PMCID: PMC8642294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and leptin are classically regarded as peptide hormones that play key roles in metabolism. In actuality, they serve several functions in both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, insulin and leptin resistance can occur both peripherally and centrally. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity share several key features including insulin and leptin resistance. While the peripheral effects of these disorders are well-known (i.e. cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, etc.), the CNS complications of leptin and insulin resistance have come into sharper focus. Both preclinical and clinical findings have indicated that insulin and leptin resistance are associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Importantly, these studies also suggest that these deficits in neuroplasticity can be reversed by restoration of insulin and leptin sensitivity. In view of these observations, this review will describe, in detail, the peripheral and central functions of insulin and leptin and explain the role of insulin and leptin resistance in various metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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41
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Fulton S, Décarie-Spain L, Fioramonti X, Guiard B, Nakajima S. The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:18-35. [PMID: 34750064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of depression and anxiety is amplified by obesity. Mounting evidence reveals that the psychiatric consequences of obesity stem from poor diet, inactivity, and visceral adipose accumulation. Resulting metabolic and vascular dysfunction, including inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, and hypertension, have emerged as key risks to depression and anxiety development. Recent research advancements are exposing the important contribution of these different corollaries of obesity and their impact on neuroimmune status and the neural circuits controlling mood and emotional states. Along these lines, this review connects the clinical manifestations of depression and anxiety in obesity to our current understanding of the origins and biology of immunometabolic threats to central nervous system function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T1J4, Canada.
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- NutriNeuro, UMR 1286 INRAE, Bordeaux INP, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS UMR5169, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
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42
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Parent MB, Higgs S, Cheke LG, Kanoski SE. Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:110-129. [PMID: 34813827 PMCID: PMC8816841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between memory and eating in humans and rodents. In humans, amnesia is associated with impaired processing of hunger and satiety cues, disrupted memory of recent meals, and overconsumption. In healthy participants, meal-related memory limits subsequent ingestive behavior and obesity is associated with impaired memory and disturbances in the hippocampus. Evidence from rodents suggests that dorsal hippocampal neural activity contributes to the ability of meal-related memory to control future intake, that endocrine and neuropeptide systems act in the ventral hippocampus to provide cues regarding energy status and regulate learned aspects of eating, and that consumption of hypercaloric diets and obesity disrupt these processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that diet-induced obesity may be caused and/or maintained, at least in part, by a vicious cycle wherein excess intake disrupts hippocampal functioning, which further increases intake. This perspective may advance our understanding of how the brain controls eating, the neural mechanisms that contribute to eating-related disorders, and identify how to treat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States,Corresponding author: Marise B. Parent, , Georgia State University, PO Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, USA. Fax: 404-413-5446
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy G. Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB United Kingdom
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, United States
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Olsthoorn L, Vreeken D, Kiliaan AJ. Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Cerebrovascular Function: Link Between Obesity and Cognition. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:761456. [PMID: 34938153 PMCID: PMC8685335 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.761456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects 13% of the adult population worldwide and this number is only expected to increase. Obesity is known to have a negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health, but it also impacts brain structure and function; it is associated with both gray and white matter integrity loss, as well as decreased cognitive function, including the domains of executive function, memory, inhibition, and language. Especially midlife obesity is associated with both cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing dementia at later age. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully revealed. Here, we review recent literature (published between 2010 and March 2021) and discuss the effects of obesity on brain structure and cognition, with a main focus on the contributions of the gut microbiome, white adipose tissue (WAT), inflammation, and cerebrovascular function. Obesity-associated changes in gut microbiota composition may cause increased gut permeability and inflammation, therewith affecting cognitive function. Moreover, excess of WAT in obesity produces pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to a low grade systemic peripheral inflammation, which is associated with decreased cognition. The blood-brain barrier also shows increased permeability, allowing among others, peripheral pro-inflammatory markers to access the brain, leading to neuroinflammation, especially in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala. Altogether, the interaction between the gut microbiota, WAT inflammation, and cerebrovascular integrity plays a significant role in the link between obesity and cognition. Future research should focus more on the interplay between gut microbiota, WAT, inflammation and cerebrovascular function to obtain a better understanding about the complex link between obesity and cognitive function in order to develop preventatives and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Olsthoorn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Debby Vreeken
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Emma EM, Amanda J. Dietary lipids from body to brain. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101144. [PMID: 34915080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Emma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Amanda
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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45
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Stranahan AM. Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108920. [PMID: 34902347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'apple-shaped' anatomical pattern that accompanies visceral adiposity increases risk for multiple chronic diseases, including conditions that impact the brain, such as diabetes and hypertension. However, distinguishing between the consequences of visceral obesity, as opposed to visceral adiposity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, presents certain challenges. This review summarizes current literature on relationships between adipose tissue distribution and cognition in preclinical models and highlights unanswered questions surrounding the potential role of tissue- and cell type-specific insulin resistance in these effects. While gaps in knowledge persist related to insulin insensitivity and cognitive impairment in obesity, several recent studies suggest that cells of the neurovascular unit contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, and this review interprets those findings in the context of progressive metabolic dysfunction in the CNS. Signalling between cerebrovascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons has been linked with memory deficits in visceral obesity, and this article describes the cellular changes in each of these populations with respect to their role in amplification or diminution of peripheral signals. The picture emerging from these studies, while incomplete, implicates pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in various stages of obesity-induced hippocampal dysfunction. As in the parable of the five blind wanderers holding different parts of an elephant, considerable work remains in order to assemble a model for the underlying mechanisms linking visceral adiposity with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Oo TT, Sumneang N, Ongnok B, Arunsak B, Chunchai T, Kerdphoo S, Apaijai N, Pratchayasakul W, Liang G, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. L6H21 protects against cognitive impairment and brain pathologies via toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation factor 2 signalling in prediabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1220-1236. [PMID: 34796473 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) intake instigates prediabetes and brain pathologies, which include cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. The myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. The MD-2 inhibitor (L6H21) reduces systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances in HFD-induced prediabetes. However, the potential role of L6H21, and its comparison with metformin, on brain pathologies in HFD-induced prediabetes has never been investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats were given either a normal diet (ND) (n = 8) or a HFD (n = 104) for 16 weeks. At the 13th week, ND-fed rats were given a vehicle, whereas HFD-fed rats were randomly divided into 13 subgroups. Each subgroup was given vehicle, L6H21 (three doses) or metformin (300-mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) for 1, 2 or 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, cognitive function, brain mitochondrial function, brain TLR4-MD-2 signalling, microglial morphology, brain oxidative stress, brain cell death and dendritic spine density were investigated. KEY RESULTS HFD-fed rats developed prediabetes, neuroinflammation, brain pathologies and cognitive impairment. All doses of L6H21 and metformin given to HFD-fed rats at 2 and 4 weeks attenuated metabolic disturbance. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In rats, L6H21 and metformin restored cognition and attenuated brain pathologies dose and time-dependently. These results indicate a neuroprotective role of MD-2 inhibitor in a model of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natticha Sumneang
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Hsieh SS, Raine LB, Ortega FB, Hillman CH. The Role of Chronic Physical Activity in Alleviating the Detrimental Relationship of Childhood Obesity on Brain and Cognition. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-021-00230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Childhood obesity and its negative relation with children’s brain health has become a growing health concern. Over the last decade, literature has indicated that physical activity attenuates cognitive impairment associated with obesity and excess adiposity in children. However, there is no comprehensive review that considers the extent to which these factors affect different domains of cognition. This narrative review comprehensively summarizes behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuroelectric findings associated with chronic physical activity and fitness on brain and cognition in childhood obesity. Based on the literature reviewed, increased adiposity has a demonstrated relationship with neurocognitive health via mechanisms triggered by central inflammation and insulin resistance, with the most pronounced decrements observed for cognitive domains that are prefrontal- and hippocampal-dependent. Fortunately, physical activity, especially interventions enhancing aerobic fitness and motor coordination, have demonstrated efficacy for attenuating the negative effects of obesity across different subdomains of structural and functional brain imaging, cognition, and multiple academic outcomes in children with overweight or obesity. Such mitigating effects may be accounted for by attenuated central inflammation, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors. Lastly, individual differences appear to play a role in this relationship, as the manipulation of physical activity characteristics, the employment of a wide array of cognitive and academic measures, the inclusion of different adiposity measures that are sensitive to neurocognitive function, and the utilization of an inter-disciplinary approach have been found to influence the relationship between physical activity and excess adiposity on brain and cognition.
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48
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García-Aviles JE, Méndez-Hernández R, Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Cruz M, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Hurtado-Alvarado G. Metabolic Disturbances Induced by Sleep Restriction as Potential Triggers for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:722523. [PMID: 34539357 PMCID: PMC8447653 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.722523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep has a major role in learning, memory consolidation, and metabolic function. Although it is known that sleep restriction increases the accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and the risk to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), the mechanism behind these effects remains unknown. In this review, we discuss how chronic sleep restriction induces metabolic and cognitive impairments that could result in the development of AD in late life. Here, we integrate evidence regarding mechanisms whereby metabolic signaling becomes disturbed after short or chronic sleep restriction in the context of cognitive impairment, particularly in the accumulation of Aβ in the brain. We also discuss the role of the blood-brain barrier in sleep restriction with an emphasis on the transport of metabolic signals into the brain and Aβ clearance. This review presents the unexplored possibility that the alteration of peripheral metabolic signals induced by sleep restriction, especially insulin resistance, is responsible for cognitive deficit and, subsequently, implicated in AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Enrique García-Aviles
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Méndez-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mara A Guzmán-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Area of Neurosciences, Biology of Reproduction Department, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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49
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Guo DH, Yamamoto M, Hernandez CM, Khodadadi H, Baban B, Stranahan AM. Beige adipocytes mediate the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat in obese mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4623. [PMID: 34330904 PMCID: PMC8324783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral obesity increases risk of cognitive decline in humans, but subcutaneous adiposity does not. Here, we report that beige adipocytes are indispensable for the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of subcutaneous fat. Mice lacking functional beige fat exhibit accelerated cognitive dysfunction and microglial activation with dietary obesity. Subcutaneous fat transplantation also protects against chronic obesity in wildtype mice via beige fat-dependent mechanisms. Beige adipocytes restore hippocampal synaptic plasticity following transplantation, and these effects require the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL4). After observing beige fat-mediated induction of IL4 in meningeal T-cells, we investigated the contributions of peripheral lymphocytes in donor fat. There was no sign of donor-derived lymphocyte trafficking between fat and brain, but recipient-derived lymphocytes were required for the effects of transplantation on cognition and microglial morphology. These findings indicate that beige adipocytes oppose obesity-induced cognitive impairment, with a potential role for IL4 in the relationship between beige fat and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Huang Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Caterina M Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Plastic Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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50
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Sharma S. High fat diet and its effects on cognitive health: alterations of neuronal and vascular components of brain. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113528. [PMID: 34260890 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that intake of diets rich in saturated fats could result in development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have suggested that intake of high fat diet (HFD) is also associated with cognitive dysfunction. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated the impact of short and long term HFD feeding on the biochemical and behavioural alterations. This review summarizes studies and the protocols used to assess the impacts of HFD feeding on cognitive performance in rodents. Further, it discuss the key mechanisms that are altered by HFD feeding, such as, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, transcriptional dysregulation and loss of synaptic plasticity. Along with these, HFD feeding also alters the vascular components of brain such as loss of BBB integrity and reduced cerebral blood flow. It is highly possible that these factors are responsible for the development of cognitive deficits as a result of HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorabh Sharma
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W2Y2, Canada.
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