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Huang R, Pang Q, Zheng L, Lin J, Li H, Wan L, Wang T. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1015-1030. [PMID: 38989934 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions, such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability, the synthesis of steroid hormones, and myelination. Cholesterol plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous system. The brain contains 20% of the whole body's cholesterol, 80% of which is located within myelin. A huge number of processes (e.g., the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway) participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and efflux. Certain brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental consequences. Therefore, we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype, with high mortality and morbidity. Historical cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, such as neuroinflammation, demyelination, and multiple types of programmed cell death. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system, the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage, and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell death. We also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yamauchi Y, Abe-Dohmae S, Iwamoto N, Sato R, Yokoyama S. ABCA1 deficiency causes tissue-specific dysregulation of the SREBP2 pathway in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159546. [PMID: 39089642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ABCA1 plays an essential role in the formation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and its mutations cause Tangier disease (TD), a familial HDL deficiency. In addition to the disappearance of HDL, TD patients exhibit cholesterol deposition in peripheral tissues through a mechanism poorly understood, which may contribute to the development of premature atherosclerosis. We and others previously showed that ABCA1 deficiency causes hyperactivation of the SREBP2 pathway in vitro. Here, we show using Abca1 knockout mice that ABCA1 deficiency leads to tissue-specific dysregulation of SREBP2 activity in a nutritional status-dependent manner, which may underlie the pathophysiology of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwamoto
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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3
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Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 PMCID: PMC11342562 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
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Sviridov D, Bukrinsky M. Neuro-HIV-New insights into pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic targets. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23301. [PMID: 37942865 PMCID: PMC11032165 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is a term describing a complex set of cognitive impairments accompanying HIV infection. Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the most severe forms of HAND, but milder forms affect over 50% of people living with HIV (PLWH). Pathogenesis of HAND in the ART era remains unknown. A variety of pathogenic factors, such as persistent HIV replication in the brain reservoir, HIV proteins released from infected brain cells, HIV-induced neuroinflammation, and some components of ART, have been implicated in driving HAND pathogenesis in ART-treated individuals. Here, we propose another factor-impairment of cholesterol homeostasis and lipid rafts by HIV-1 protein Nef-as a possible contributor to HAND pathogenesis. These effects of Nef on cholesterol may also underlie the effects of other pathogenic factors that constitute the multifactorial nature of HAND pathogenesis. The proposed Nef- and cholesterol-focused mechanism may provide a long-sought unified explanation of HAND pathogenesis that takes into account all contributing factors. Evidence for the impairment by Nef of cellular cholesterol balance, potential effects of this impairment on brain cells, and opportunities to therapeutically target this element of HAND pathogenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Bukrinsky
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Kolar D, Krajcovic B, Kleteckova L, Kuncicka D, Vales K, Brozka H. Review: Genes Involved in Mitochondrial Physiology Within 22q11.2 Deleted Region and Their Relevance to Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1637-1653. [PMID: 37379469 PMCID: PMC10686339 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is associated with altered energy metabolism, but the cause and potential impact of these metabolic changes remain unknown. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) represents a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, which is associated with the loss of several genes involved in mitochondrial physiology. Here we examine how the haploinsufficiency of these genes could contribute to the emergence of schizophrenia in 22q11.2DS. STUDY DESIGN We characterize changes in neuronal mitochondrial function caused by haploinsufficiency of mitochondria-associated genes within the 22q11.2 region (PRODH, MRPL40, TANGO2, ZDHHC8, SLC25A1, TXNRD2, UFD1, and DGCR8). For that purpose, we combine data from 22q11.2DS carriers and schizophrenia patients, in vivo (animal models) and in vitro (induced pluripotent stem cells, IPSCs) studies. We also review the current knowledge about seven non-coding microRNA molecules located in the 22q11.2 region that may be indirectly involved in energy metabolism by acting as regulatory factors. STUDY RESULTS We found that the haploinsufficiency of genes of interest is mainly associated with increased oxidative stress, altered energy metabolism, and calcium homeostasis in animal models. Studies on IPSCs from 22q11.2DS carriers corroborate findings of deficits in the brain energy metabolism, implying a causal role between impaired mitochondrial function and the development of schizophrenia in 22q11.2DS. CONCLUSIONS The haploinsufficiency of genes within the 22q11.2 region leads to multifaceted mitochondrial dysfunction with consequences to neuronal function, viability, and wiring. Overlap between in vitro and in vivo studies implies a causal role between impaired mitochondrial function and the development of schizophrenia in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kolar
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Branislav Krajcovic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Daniela Kuncicka
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Brozka
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Paseban T, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. The role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in neurological disorders: a mechanistic review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:531-552. [PMID: 37428709 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2235718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal brain function. It is tightly controlled by various biological elements. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that effluxes cholesterol from cells, particularly astrocytes, into the extracellular space. The recent studies pertaining to ABCA1's role in CNS disorders were included in this study. AREAS COVERED In this comprehensive literature review, preclinical and human studies showed that ABCA1 has a significant role in the following diseases or disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, anxiety, depression, psychosis, epilepsy, stroke, and brain ischemia and trauma. EXPERT OPINION ABCA1 via modulating normal and aberrant brain functions such as apoptosis, phagocytosis, BBB leakage, neuroinflammation, amyloid β efflux, myelination, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmission promotes beneficial effects in aforementioned diseases. ABCA1 is a key molecule in the CNS. By boosting its expression or function, some CNS disorders may be resolved. In preclinical studies, liver X receptor agonists have shown promise in treating CNS disorders via ABCA1 and apoE enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Paseban
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wang W, Ou Z, Peng J, Zhou Y, Wang N. A transcriptome-wide association study provides new insights into the etiology of osteoarthritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1116. [PMID: 36388797 PMCID: PMC9652510 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common clinical disease caused by a variety of factors, including genetic variants. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to elucidate the genetic basis of OA, some loci of risk located in noncoding regions of the genome have been neglected. Therefore, we integrated multiple data types to detect the genetic component of gene expression in OA patients through transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis. Methods TWAS was performed by integrating the larger GWAS summary-data for OA (n=30,727 cases, n=297,191 controls) and 2 expression weight sets (muscle-skeletal tissue and whole blood). Colocalization analysis, conditional analysis, and fine-mapping analysis were also conducted. A broad description of the identified associations was obtained. In addition, a causal relationship between certain risk genes and OA was identified with SMR. Results New significant genome-wide associations were found, including on chromosome 1q36.12 (rs1555024, P=4.24E-07) near the ASAP3 and TCEA3 genes, on chromosome 17q24.2 (rs2521348, P=1.01E-06) near the ABCA9 gene, on chromosome 20q11.22 (rs224331, P=8.17E-09) near the UQCC1 and MYH7B genes, and on chromosome 21q21.3 (rs2832155, P=5.39E-08) near the RWDD2B gene. In addition, SMR results exhibited that upregulated UQCC1 and downregulated ASAP3 were associated with OA development and both had a significant causal relationship with OA. Conclusions We revealed some novel OA-associated genes and risk loci by integrating multiple data types and analysis methods, thus providing new clues for the study of genetic mechanisms of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Osteoarthritis and Sports Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixue Ou
- Department of Osteoarthritis and Sports Medicine, Guilin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guilin, China
| | - Jianlan Peng
- Department of Osteoarthritis and Sports Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Osteoarthritis and Sports Medicine, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Massage, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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Shishioh N, Kiryu-Seo S, Abe-Dohmae S, Yokoyama S, Kiyama H. Expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 is induced by nerve injury and its deficiency affects neurite tip morphology and elongation in cultured neurons. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102164. [PMID: 36122678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Axonal regeneration requires changes in the lipid dynamics of the axon membrane for growth and extension. Here, we examined the expression of genes associated with lipid transport after nerve injury. The expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1), which participates in the transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane, was markedly upregulated in motor and sensory neurons after nerve injury. Stimulation of PC12 cells with the nerve growth factor induced neurite extension and ABCA1 expression predominantly in regions proximal to the neurite tip. To clarify the functional role of ABCA1 in neurite elongation, we examined the morphology of neurons cultured from conditionally-injured dorsal root ganglia from ABCA1-deficient mice. We found a significant increase in neurite branch formation in these neurons. In addition, the neurite tips of ABCA1-deficient neurons appeared excessively ruffled, and the direction of neurite elongation was unsteady. In contrast, the neurite tips of wild-type neurons were not excessively ruffled, and the neurites elongated rapidly in a stable directionally-oriented manner. Together, these findings suggest that ABCA1 plays an important role in regulating the membrane lipid composition of injured neurons and in axonal regeneration following nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobue Shishioh
- Department of Functional Anatomy & Neuroscience, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Sumiko Kiryu-Seo
- Department of Functional Anatomy & Neuroscience, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy & Neuroscience, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Soltani S, Mansouri K, Parvaneh S, Thakor AS, Pociot F, Yarani R. Diabetes complications and extracellular vesicle therapy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:357-385. [PMID: 34647239 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glycemic conditions. Diabetic complications include microvascular and macrovascular abnormalities and account for high morbidity and mortality rates in patients. Current clinical approaches for diabetic complications are limited to symptomatic treatments and tight control of blood sugar levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by somatic and stem cells have recently emerged as a new class of potent cell-free therapeutic delivery packets with a great potential to treat diabetic complications. EVs contain a mixture of bioactive molecules and can affect underlying pathological processes in favor of tissue healing. In addition, EVs have low immunogenicity and high storage capacity while maintaining nearly the same regenerative and immunomodulatory effects compared to current cell-based therapies. Therefore, EVs have received increasing attention for diabetes-related complications in recent years. In this review, we provide an outlook on diabetic complications and summarizes new knowledge and advances in EV applications. Moreover, we highlight recommendations for future EV-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Parvaneh
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory (HECRIN), Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
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Zhou M, Li R, Venkat P, Qian Y, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Powell B, Jiang Q, Cui X. Post-Stroke Administration of L-4F Promotes Neurovascular and White Matter Remodeling in Type-2 Diabetic Stroke Mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:863934. [PMID: 35572941 PMCID: PMC9100936 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.863934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit a distinct and high risk of ischemic stroke with worse post-stroke neurovascular and white matter (WM) prognosis than the non-diabetic population. In the central nervous system, the ATP-binding cassette transporter member A 1 (ABCA1), a reverse cholesterol transporter that efflux cellular cholesterol, plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and in maintaining neurovascular stability and WM integrity. Our previous study shows that L-4F, an economical apolipoprotein A member I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide, has neuroprotective effects via alleviating neurovascular and WM impairments in the brain of db/db-T2DM stroke mice. To further investigate whether L-4F has neurorestorative benefits in the ischemic brain after stroke in T2DM and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we subjected middle-aged, brain-ABCA1 deficient (ABCA1-B/-B), and ABCA1-floxed (ABCA1fl/fl) T2DM control mice to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. L-4F (16 mg/kg, subcutaneous) treatment was initiated 24 h after stroke and administered once daily for 21 days. Treatment of T2DM-stroke with L-4F improved neurological functional outcome, and decreased hemorrhage, mortality, and BBB leakage identified by decreased albumin infiltration and increased tight-junction and astrocyte end-feet densities, increased cerebral arteriole diameter and smooth muscle cell number, and increased WM density and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain in both ABCA1-B/-B and ABCA1fl/fl T2DM-stroke mice compared with vehicle-control mice, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 9 or 21/group). The L-4F treatment reduced macrophage infiltration and neuroinflammation identified by decreases in ED-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, and increases in anti-inflammatory factor Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor IGF-1 receptor β (IGF-1Rβ) in the ischemic brain (p < 0.05, n = 6/group). These results suggest that post-stroke administration of L-4F may provide a restorative strategy for T2DM-stroke by promoting neurovascular and WM remodeling. Reducing neuroinflammation in the injured brain may contribute at least partially to the restorative effects of L-4F independent of the ABCA1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rongwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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Lewandowski CT, Laham MS, Thatcher GR. Remembering your A, B, C's: Alzheimer's disease and ABCA1. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:995-1018. [PMID: 35530134 PMCID: PMC9072248 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of ATP binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is central to cholesterol mobilization. Reduced ABCA1 expression or activity is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders. Therapeutic approaches to boost ABCA1 activity have yet to be translated successfully to the clinic. The risk factors for AD development and progression, including comorbid disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, highlight the intersection of cholesterol transport and inflammation. Upregulation of ABCA1 can positively impact APOE lipidation, insulin sensitivity, peripheral vascular and blood–brain barrier integrity, and anti-inflammatory signaling. Various strategies towards ABCA1-boosting compounds have been described, with a bias toward nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) agonists. These agonists display beneficial preclinical effects; however, important side effects have limited development. In particular, ligands that bind liver X receptor (LXR), the primary NHR that controls ABCA1 expression, have shown positive effects in AD mouse models; however, lipogenesis and unwanted increases in triglyceride production are often observed. The longstanding approach, focusing on LXRβ vs. LXRα selectivity, is over-simplistic and has failed. Novel approaches such as phenotypic screening may lead to small molecule NHR modulators that elevate ABCA1 function without inducing lipogenesis and are clinically translatable.
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12
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Emerging role of HDL in brain cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159123. [PMID: 35151900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS), by carrying newly synthesized cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons, to support their lipid-related physiological functions. As occurs for plasma HDLs, brain lipoproteins are assembled through the activity of membrane cholesterol transporters, undergo remodeling mediated by specific enzymes and transport proteins, and finally deliver cholesterol to neurons by a receptor-mediated internalization process. A growing number of evidences indicates a strong association between alterations of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a possible role in this relationship may be played by defects in brain HDL metabolism. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on major modifications of HDL and HDL-mediated brain cholesterol transport in AD, by taking into consideration the individual steps of this process. We also describe potential and encouraging HDL-based therapies that could represent new therapeutic strategies for AD treatment. Finally, we revise the main plasma and brain HDL modifications in other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
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Jose M, Sivanand A, Channakeshava C. Membrane Cholesterol Is a Critical Determinant for Hippocampal Neuronal Polarity. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:746211. [PMID: 34744625 PMCID: PMC8566733 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.746211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a normal cholesterol balance is crucial for the functioning of a healthy brain. Dysregulation in cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain have been correlated to various neurological disorders. The majority of previous studies in primary cultures focus on the role of cholesterol balance in neuronal development after polarity has been established. Here we have investigated how transient alteration of membrane lipids, specifically cholesterol, affects neuronal development and polarity in developing hippocampal neurons prior to polarity establishment, soon after initiation of neurite outgrowth. We observed that temporary cholesterol perturbation affects axonal and dendritic development differentially in an opposing manner. Transient membrane cholesterol deficiency increased neuronal population with a single neurite, simultaneously generating a second population of neurons with supernumerary axons. Brief replenishment of cholesterol immediately after cholesterol sequestering rescued neuronal development defects and restored polarity. The results showed a small window of cholesterol concentration to be complementing neurite outgrowth, polarity reestablishment, and in determining the normal neuronal morphology, emphasizing the critical role of precise membrane lipid balance in defining the neuronal architecture. Membrane cholesterol enhancement modified neurite outgrowth but did not significantly alter polarity. Cholesterol sequestering at later stages of development has shown to enhance neurite outgrowth, whereas distinct effects for neurite development and polarity were observed at early developmental stages, signifying the relevance of precise membrane cholesterol balance in altering neuronal physiology. Our results confirm cholesterol to be a key determinant for axo-dendritic specification and neuronal architecture and emphasize the possibility to reverse neuronal developmental defects caused by cholesterol deficiency by modulating membrane cholesterol during the early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Jose
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Aiswarya Sivanand
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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14
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Budani M, Auray-Blais C, Lingwood C. ATP-binding cassette transporters mediate differential biosynthesis of glycosphingolipid species. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100128. [PMID: 34597626 PMCID: PMC8569594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic-oriented glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase is enigmatic, requiring nascent GlcCer translocation to the luminal Golgi membrane to access glycosphingolipid (GSL) anabolic glycosyltransferases. The mechanism by which GlcCer is flipped remains unclear. To investigate the role of GlcCer-binding partners in this process, we previously made cleavable, biotinylated, photoreactive GlcCer analogs in which the reactive nitrene was closely apposed to the GlcCer head group, while maintaining a C16-acyl chain. GlcCer-binding protein specificity was validated for both photoprobes. Using one probe, XLB, here we identified ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA3, ABCB4, and ABCB10 as unfractionated microsomal GlcCer-binding proteins in DU-145 prostate tumor cells. siRNA knockdown (KD) of these transporters differentially blocked GSL synthesis assessed in toto and via metabolic labeling. KD of ABCA3 reduced acid/neutral GSL levels, but increased those of LacCer, while KD of ABCB4 preferentially reduced neutral GSL levels, and KD of ABCB10 reduced levels of both neutral and acidic GSLs. Depletion of ABCA12, implicated in GlcCer transport, preferentially decreased neutral GSL levels, while ABCB1 KD preferentially reduced gangliosides, but increased neutral GSL Gb3. These results imply that multiple ABC transporters may provide distinct but overlapping GlcCer and LacCer pools within the Golgi lumen for anabolism of different GSL series by metabolic channeling. Differential ABC family member usage may fine-tune GSL biosynthesis depending on cell/tissue type. We conclude that ABC transporters provide a new tool for the regulation of GSL biosynthesis and serve as potential targets to reduce selected GSL species/subsets in diseases in which GSLs are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Budani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Clifford Lingwood
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Pifferi F, Laurent B, Plourde M. Lipid Transport and Metabolism at the Blood-Brain Interface: Implications in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:645646. [PMID: 33868013 PMCID: PMC8044814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many prospective studies have shown that a diet enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can improve cognitive function during normal aging and prevent the development of neurocognitive diseases. However, researchers have not elucidated how n-3 PUFAs are transferred from the blood to the brain or how they relate to cognitive scores. Transport into and out of the central nervous system depends on two main sets of barriers: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) between peripheral blood and brain tissue and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) between the blood and the CSF. In this review, the current knowledge of how lipids cross these barriers to reach the CNS is presented and discussed. Implications of these processes in health and disease, particularly during aging and neurodegenerative diseases, are also addressed. An assessment provided here is that the current knowledge of how lipids cross these barriers in humans is limited, which hence potentially restrains our capacity to intervene in and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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16
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Li M, Yang J, Cheng O, Peng Z, Luo Y, Ran D, Yang Y, Xiang P, Huang H, Tan X, Wang H. Effect of TO901317 on GF to promote the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopamine neurons on Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321998139. [PMID: 33796244 PMCID: PMC7985948 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321998139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) could differentiate into dopamine-producing cells and ameliorate behavioral deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in the maintenance of the normal function of central nervous system myelin. Therefore, the previous work of our team has found the induction of cocktail-induced to dopaminergic (DA) phenotypes from adult rat BMSCs by using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and TO901317 (an agonist of LXRs) with 87.42% of efficiency in a 6-day induction period. But we did not verify whether the induced cells had the corresponding neural function. Methods: Expressions of LXRα, LXRβ, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The induced cells were transplanted into PD rats to study whether the induced cells are working. Results: The induced cells can release the dopamine transmitter; the maximum induction efficiency of differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons was 91.67% under conditions of combined use with TO901317 and growth factors (GF). When the induced-cells were transplanted into PD rats, the expression of TH in the striatum increased significantly, and the behavior of PD rats induced by apomorphine was significantly improved. Conclusion: The induced cells have the function of DA neurons and have the potential to treat PD. TO901317 promoted differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons, which may be related to activation of the LXR-ABCA1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Pu Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
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17
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Ben Aissa M, Lewandowski CT, Ratia KM, Lee SH, Layden BT, LaDu MJ, Thatcher GRJ. Discovery of Nonlipogenic ABCA1 Inducing Compounds with Potential in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:143-154. [PMID: 33615168 PMCID: PMC7887740 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have been extensively pursued as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) and, for comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), disorders with underlying impaired insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and cholesterol mobilization. The failure of the LXR-focused approach led us to pursue a novel strategy to discover nonlipogenic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) inducers (NLAIs): screening for ABCA1-luciferase activation in astrocytoma cells and counterscreening against lipogenic gene upregulation in hepatocarcinoma cells. Beneficial effects of LXRβ agonists mediated by ABCA1 include the following: control of cholesterol and phospholipid efflux to lipid-poor apolipoproteins forming beneficial peripheral HDL and HDL-like particles in the brain and attenuation of inflammation. While rare, ABCA1 variants reduce plasma HDL and correlate with an increased risk of ADRD and CVD. In secondary assays, NLAI hits enhanced cholesterol mobilization and positively impacted in vitro biomarkers associated with insulin signaling, inflammatory response, and biogenic properties. In vivo target engagement was demonstrated after oral administration of NLAIs in (i) mice fed a high-fat diet, a model for obesity-linked T2D, (ii) mice administered LPS, and (iii) mice with accelerated oxidative stress. The lack of adverse effects on lipogenesis and positive effects on multiple biomarkers associated with T2D and ADRD supports this novel phenotypic approach to NLAIs as a platform for T2D and ADRD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Ben Aissa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- UICentre
(Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois
at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cutler T. Lewandowski
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Kiira M. Ratia
- HTS
Screening Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sue H. Lee
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Department
of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
(UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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18
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Tsushima H, Yamada K, Miyazawa D, Ohkubo T, Michikawa M, Abe-Dohmae S. Comparison of the Physical Characteristics and Behavior in ABC Transporter A1, A7 or Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice with Lipid Transport Dysfunction. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1851-1859. [PMID: 34853267 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical characteristics and behavior of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1, A7, and apolipoprotein (apo) E knockout (KO) mice with lipid transport dysfunction were investigated. These KO mice exhibited adequate growth, and their body masses increased steadily. No remarkable changes were observed in their blood pressure and heart rate. However, there was a slight increase in the heart rate of the ABCA7 KO mice compared with that of the wild-type (WT) mice. ABCA1 and apoE KO mice showed hypo- and hyper-cholesterol concentrations in the plasma, respectively. With regard to the cerebrum, however, the weight of the ABCA1 KO mice was lighter than those of the other genotypes. Furthermore, the cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations, and fatty acid composition were generally similar. Compared with the WT mice, ABCA1 KO mice stayed for a shorter time in the closed arm of the elevated plus maze, and performed worse in the initial stage of the Morris water maze. To thermal stimuli, the ABCA1 and apoE KO mice showed hyper- and hypo-sensitivities, respectively. Only the response of the ABCA1 KO mice was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin. A low concentration of the prostaglandin E metabolites was detected in the plasma of the ABCA1 KO mice. Thus, ABCA1 is thought to play a specific role in the neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tsushima
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | - Kazuyo Yamada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | - Daisuke Miyazawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University
| | - Takeshi Ohkubo
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Sendai Shirayuri Women's College
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Sumiko Abe-Dohmae
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University
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19
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Zhang J, Sun P, Zhou C, Zhang X, Ma F, Xu Y, Hamblin MH, Yin K. Regulatory microRNAs and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:1207-1218. [PMID: 33459504 PMCID: PMC7702235 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is defined as a progressive dementia disease related to cerebrovascular injury and often occurs in aged populations. Despite decades of research, effective treatment for VCID is still absent. The pathological processes of VCID are mediated by the molecular mechanisms that are partly modulated at the post-transcriptional level. As small endogenous non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRs) can regulate target gene expression through post-transcriptional gene silencing. miRs have been reported to play an important role in the pathology of VCID and have recently been suggested as potential novel pharmacological targets for the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies in VCID. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of VCID, the possible role of miRs in the regulation of VCID and attempt to envision future therapeutic strategies. Since manipulation of miR levels by either pharmacological or genetic approaches has shown therapeutic effects in experimental VCID models, we also emphasize the potential therapeutic value of miRs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Milton H. Hamblin
- Department of PharmacologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Ke‐Jie Yin
- Department of NeurologyPittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & RecoveryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Geriatric ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPAUSA
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20
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Li Z, Shue F, Zhao N, Shinohara M, Bu G. APOE2: protective mechanism and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:63. [PMID: 33148290 PMCID: PMC7640652 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the major genetic risk modifier for Alzheimer's disease (AD), have yielded significant insights into the pathogenic mechanism. Among the three common coding variants, APOE*ε4 increases, whereas APOE*ε2 decreases the risk of late-onset AD compared with APOE*ε3. Despite increased understanding of the detrimental effect of APOE*ε4, it remains unclear how APOE*ε2 confers protection against AD. Accumulating evidence suggests that APOE*ε2 protects against AD through both amyloid-β (Aβ)-dependent and independent mechanisms. In addition, APOE*ε2 has been identified as a longevity gene, suggesting a systemic effect of APOE*ε2 on the aging process. However, APOE*ε2 is not entirely benign; APOE*ε2 carriers exhibit increased risk of certain cerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders. Here, we review evidence from both human and animal studies demonstrating the protective effect of APOE*ε2 against AD and propose a working model depicting potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies designed to leverage the protective effect of APOE2 to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francis Shue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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21
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Luquain-Costaz C, Kockx M, Anastasius M, Chow V, Kontush A, Jessup W, Kritharides L. Increased ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1)-Specific Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Schizophrenia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2728-2737. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Patients with schizophrenia have increased long-term mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease and commonly demonstrate features of mixed dyslipidemia with low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The removal of cholesterol from cells by HDL via specific ATP-binding cholesterol transporters is a major functional property of HDL, and its measurement as cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) can predict cardiovascular risk. Whether HDL function is impaired in patients with schizophrenia is unknown.
Approach and Results:
We measured basal and ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1)- and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1)-dependent CEC, comparing patients with schizophrenia with age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and related our findings to nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of lipoprotein subclasses. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were comparable between healthy controls (n=51) and patients (n=120), but patients with schizophrenia had increased total plasma triglyceride, low HDL-C and apo (apolipoprotein) A-I concentrations. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated a marked (15-fold) increase in large triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle concentration, increased small dense LDL particles, and fewer large HDL particles. Despite lower HDL-C concentration, basal CEC was 13.7±1.6% higher, ABCA1-specific efflux was 35.9±1.6% higher, and ABCG1 efflux not different, in patients versus controls. In patients with schizophrenia, ABCA1-specific efflux correlated with the abundance of small 7.8 nm HDL particles but not with serum plasminogen or triglyceride levels.
Conclusions:
Patients with schizophrenia have increased concentrations of atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins, decreased concentrations of large HDL particles, but enhanced ABCA1-mediated CEC. In this population, preventative strategies should focus on reducing atherogenic lipoproteins rather than increasing CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maaike Kockx
- ANZAC Research institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Australia (M.K., M.A., V.C., W.J., L.K.)
| | - Malcolm Anastasius
- ANZAC Research institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Australia (M.K., M.A., V.C., W.J., L.K.)
| | - Vincent Chow
- ANZAC Research institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Australia (M.K., M.A., V.C., W.J., L.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia (V.C., L.K.)
| | - Anatol Kontush
- INSERM Unit 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière and Sorbonne University, Paris, France (A.K.)
| | - Wendy Jessup
- ANZAC Research institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Australia (M.K., M.A., V.C., W.J., L.K.)
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- ANZAC Research institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital and University of Sydney, Australia (M.K., M.A., V.C., W.J., L.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia (V.C., L.K.)
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22
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Tsujita M, Vaisman B, Chengyu L, Vickers KC, Okuhira KI, Braesch-Andersen S, Remaley AT. Apolipoprotein A-I in mouse cerebrospinal fluid derives from the liver and intestine via plasma high-density lipoproteins assembled by ABCA1 and LCAT. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:773-788. [PMID: 33020907 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is present in human and mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite its lack of expression in brain cells. To identify the origin of apoA-I in CSF, we generated intestine-specific and liver-specific Apoa1 knockout mice (Apoa1ΔInt and Apoa1Δliv mice, respectively). Lipoprotein profiles of Apoa1ΔInt and Apoa1ΔLiv mice resembled those of control littermates, whereas knockout of Apoa1 in both intestine and liver (Apoa1ΔIntΔLiv ) resulted in a 60-percent decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels, thus strongly mimicking the Apoa1-/- mice. Immunoassays revealed that mouse apoA-I was not present in the CSF of the Apoa1ΔIntΔLiv mice. Furthermore, apoA-I levels in CSF were highly correlated with plasma spherical HDL levels, which were regulated by ABCA1 and LCAT. Collectively, these results suggest that apoA-I protein in CSF originates in liver and small intestine and is taken up from the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Boris Vaisman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liu Chengyu
- Transgenic Core facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvested from type two diabetes rats promotes neurorestorative effects after stroke in type two diabetes rats. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113456. [PMID: 32889008 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetes elevates the risk of stroke, promotes inflammation, and exacerbates vascular and white matter damage post stroke, thereby hindering long term functional recovery. Here, we investigated the neurorestorative effects and the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of treatment of stroke in type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM) using exosomes harvested from bone marrow stromal cells obtained from T2DM rats (T2DM-MSC-Exo). METHODS T2DM was induced in adult male Wistar rats using a combination of high fat diet and Streptozotocin. Rats were subjected to transient 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and 3 days later randomized to one of the following treatment groups: 1) phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS, i.v), 2) T2DM-MSC-Exo, (3 × 1011, i.v), 3) T2DM-MSC-Exo with miR-9 over expression (miR9+/+-T2DM-MSC-Exo, 3 × 1011, i.v) or 4) MSC-Exo derived from normoglycemic rats (Nor-MSC-Exo) (3 × 1011, i.v). T2DM sham control group is included as reference. Rats were sacrificed 28 days after MCAo. RESULTS T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment does not alter blood glucose, lipid levels, or lesion volume, but significantly improves neurological function and attenuates post-stroke weight loss compared to PBS treated as well as Nor-MSC-Exo treated T2DM-stroke rats. Compared to PBS treatment, T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment of T2DM-stroke rats significantly 1) increases tight junction protein ZO-1 and improves blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity; 2) promotes white matter remodeling indicated by increased axon and myelin density, and increases oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell numbers in the ischemic border zone as well as increases primary cortical neuronal axonal outgrowth; 3) decreases activated microglia, M1 macrophages, and inflammatory factors MMP-9 (matrix mettaloproteinase-9) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) expression in the ischemic brain; and 4) decreases miR-9 expression in serum, and increases miR-9 target ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter 1) and IGFR1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) expression in the brain. MiR9+/+-T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment significantly increases serum miR-9 expression compared to PBS treated and T2DM-MSC-Exo treated T2DM stroke rats. Treatment of T2DM stroke with miR9+/+-T2DM-MSC-Exo fails to improve functional outcome and attenuates T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment induced white matter remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects in T2DM stroke rats. CONCLUSIONS T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment for stroke in T2DM rats promotes neurorestorative effects and improves functional outcome. Down regulation of miR-9 expression and increasing its target ABCA1 pathway may contribute partially to T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment induced white matter remodeling and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Genis-Mendoza AD, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Ruiz-Ramos D, Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, Tovilla-Zarate CA, Narvaez MLL, Castro TBG, Juárez-Rojop IE, Nicolini H. Interaction of FTO rs9939609 and the native American-origin ABCA1 p.Arg230Cys with circulating leptin levels in Mexican adolescents diagnosed with eating disorders: Preliminary results. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113270. [PMID: 32763537 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by disruption of eating behaviour and alteration of food intake. Leptin, is one of the main hormones that modulate food intake and are altered in individuals diagnosed with ED. Genetic risk variants for obesity, like those reported inFTO and ABCA1, have also been associated to ED disorders. The present study aimed to analysed leptin circulating levels and the interaction between obesity-risk variants in FTO and ABCA1, in adolescents diagnosed with ED. A total of 99 individuals diagnosed with ED were genotype using Taqman probes for FTO (rs9939609) and ABCA1 (p.Arg230Cys, rs9282541). Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to determined circulating leptin. Differences in leptin concentration were analysed by t-Student or ANOVA test. Gene-gene interaction were analysed using general estimation equations. Circulating leptin levels differed between the three diagnostic groups, lead by individuals diagnosed with binge eating-disorder. In individuals with more than 3 of episodes of binge-eating per week having the highest leptin levels. Also, we found that carriers of both risk alleles had the highest leptin levels. Our observations found an interaction between FTO rs9969609 and the native American-origin ABCA1 p.Arg230Cys to modulate circulating leptin levels in Mexican adolescents diagnosed with eating-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, México; Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Juan N. Navarro" Servicios de Administración Psiquiátrica, CDMX, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México.
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, México; División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - David Ruiz-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, México; División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Vanessa Gonzalez-Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Mari Lilia López Narvaez
- Hospital General de Yajalón Dr. Manuel Velasco Siles. Secretaria de Salud de Chiapas. Yajalón, Chiapas, Mexico; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Thelma Beatriz Gonzalez Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- Hospital General de Yajalón Dr. Manuel Velasco Siles. Secretaria de Salud de Chiapas. Yajalón, Chiapas, Mexico; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, CDMX, México; División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México; Grupo de Estudios Médicos y Familiares Carracci, CDMX, México.
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Rosoff DB, Charlet K, Jung J, Lee J, Muench C, Luo A, Longley M, Lohoff FW. Lipid profile dysregulation predicts alcohol withdrawal symptom severity in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol 2020; 86:93-101. [PMID: 32335269 PMCID: PMC7486690 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.02.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a serious medical condition of high variability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) after drinking cessation. Identification of clinical biomarkers capable of detecting severe AWS is needed. While alcohol consumption and withdrawal are linked with lipid profile dysregulation, the relationship between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides) and AWS is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated whether HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides conferred risk for moderate-to-severe AWS symptoms in treatment-seeking individuals (n = 732) admitted to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) alcohol treatment program. Lipid levels were measured upon admission, and the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) assessed AWS severity for generating a three-level AWS typology (none-to-mild, moderate, and severe). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression examined whether lipid levels were associated with risk for moderate-to-severe AWS. We found significant predictive relationships between AWS and HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. While extremely high HDL-C (≥100 mg/dL) conferred the highest odds for moderate (4.405, 95% CI, 2.572-7.546, p < 0.001) and severe AWS (5.494, 95% CI, 3.541-8.523, p < 0.001), the lowest odds ratios for moderate AWS (0.493, 95% CI, 0.248-0.981, p = 0.044) and severe AWS (0.303, 95% CI, 0.223-0.411, p < 0.001) were associated with high LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL). The present study demonstrates that altered lipid levels, measured upon admission for inpatient AUD treatment, may help to predict which individuals are at risk for medically relevant moderate-to-severe AWS. This suggests that further research into the role of lipid biomarkers in AWS may be beneficial for identifying biologically determined risk profiles in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jisoo Lee
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Audrey Luo
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Martha Longley
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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The Inhibition of miR-873 Provides Therapeutic Benefit in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8735249. [PMID: 32724496 PMCID: PMC7381950 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8735249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Alterations in cholesterol homeostasis have been reported in cell and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), although there are inconsistent data about the association between serum cholesterol levels and risk of PD. Here, we investigated the effects of miR-873 on lysosomal cholesterol homeostasis and progressive dopaminergic neuron damage in a lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) induced model of PD. Experimental Approach. To evaluate the therapeutic benefit of the miR-873 sponge, rats were injected with a LV-miR-873 sponge or the control vector 3 days before the right-unilateral injection of LPS into the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, or 8 and 16 days after LPS injection. Normal SH-SY5Y cells or SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing α-synuclein were used to evaluate the distribution of α-synuclein and cholesterol in lysosomes and to assess the autophagic flux after miR-873 transfection or ABCA1 silencing. The inhibition of miR-873 significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced accumulation of α-synuclein and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN at the early stage. miR-873 mediated the inhibition of ABCA1 by LPS. miR-873 transfection or ABCA1 silencing increased the lysosomal cholesterol and α-synuclein levels, and decreased the autophagic flux. The knockdown of ABCA1 or A20, which are the downstream target genes of miR-873, exacerbated the damage to LPS-induced dopaminergic neurons. Conclusion and Implications. The results suggest that the inhibition of miR-873 may play a dual protective role by improving intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and neuroinflammation in PD. The therapeutic effects of the miR-873 sponge in PD may be due to the upregulation of ABCA1 and A20.
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Li L, Li R, Zacharek A, Wang F, Landschoot-Ward J, Chopp M, Chen J, Cui X. ABCA1/ApoE/HDL Signaling Pathway Facilitates Myelination and Oligodendrogenesis after Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124369. [PMID: 32575457 PMCID: PMC7352241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an important role in the regulation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the mammalian brain. Cholesterol is a major source for myelination. Here, we investigate whether ABCA1/ApoE/HDL contribute to myelin repair and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain after stroke. Specific brain ABCA1-deficient (ABCA1-B/-B) and ABCA1-floxed (ABCA1fl/fl) control mice were subjected to permanent distal middle-cerebral-artery occlusion (dMCAo) and were intracerebrally administered (1) artificial mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as vehicle control, (2) human plasma HDL3, and (3) recombined human ApoE2 starting 24 h after dMCAo for 14 days. All stroke mice were sacrificed 21 days after dMCAo. The ABCA1-B/-B–dMCAo mice exhibit significantly reduced myelination and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain as well as decreased functional outcome 21 days after stroke compared with ABCA1fl/fl mice; administration of human ApoE2 or HDL3 in the ischemic brain significantly attenuates the deficits in myelination and oligodendrogenesis in ABCA1-B/-B–dMCAo mice ( p < 0.05, n = 9/group). In vitro, ABCA1-B/-B reduces ApoE expression and decreases primary oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) migration and oligodendrocyte maturation; HDL3 and ApoE2 treatment significantly reverses ABCA1-B/-B-induced reduction in OPC migration and oligodendrocyte maturation. Our data indicate that the ABCA1/ApoE/HDL signaling pathway contributes to myelination and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Rongwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Julie Landschoot-Ward
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 01-313-916-2864
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Lewandowski CT, Maldonado Weng J, LaDu MJ. Alzheimer's disease pathology in APOE transgenic mouse models: The Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104811. [PMID: 32087290 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus on amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles has yielded no Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying treatments in the past several decades, despite successful studies in preclinical mouse models. This inconsistency has caused a renewed focus on improving the fidelity and reliability of AD mouse models, with disparate views on how this improvement can be accomplished. However, the interactive effects of the universal biological variables of AD, which include age, APOE genotype, and sex, are often overlooked. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD, while the ε4 allele of the human APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E, is the greatest genetic risk factor. Sex is the final universal biological variable of AD, as females develop AD at almost twice the rate of males and, importantly, female sex exacerbates the effects of APOE4 on AD risk and rate of cognitive decline. Therefore, this review evaluates the importance of context for understanding the role of APOE in preclinical mouse models. Specifically, we detail how human AD pathology is mirrored in current transgenic mouse models ("What") and describe the critical need for introducing human APOE into these mouse models ("Who"). We next outline different methods for introducing human APOE into mice ("How") and highlight efforts to develop temporally defined and location-specific human apoE expression models ("When" and "Where"). We conclude with the importance of choosing the human APOE mouse model relevant to the question being addressed, using the selection of transgenic models for testing apoE-targeted therapeutics as an example ("Why").
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Affiliation(s)
- Cutler T Lewandowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Juan Maldonado Weng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Yang Y, Ding L, Li Y, Xuan C. Hsa_circ_0039411 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of papillary thyroid cancer by miR-1179/ABCA9 and miR-1205/MTA1 signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:1321-1329. [PMID: 31270819 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common malignancy in endocrine system worldwide. Increasing evidence has shown that dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) could contribute to PTC tumorigenesis. The aims of this project are to investigate the potential role and molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0039411 in PTC. In the project, RT-qPCR was performed to measure the expression profile of hsa_circ_0039411 in PTC tissues and cells. Cell counting kit-8, clonogenic, flow cytometric, and transwell experiments were used to identify the biological role of hsa_circ_0039411 on PTC cell progression. Bioinformatics methods, along with the dual-luciferase reporter test, was used to identify the potential mechanism of hsa_circ_0039411. Hsa_circ_0039411 was identified as enhanced in PTC tissues/cells. Gain-of-function experiments indicated that hsa_circ_0039411 facilitated PTC cell growth, migration, and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0039411 caused the opposite effects mentioned above. The mechanism exploration showed that hsa_circ_0039411 functioned as a sponge for miR-1179 and miR-1205 to elevate ATP-binding cassette transporter A9 (ABCA9) and metastasis-associated 1 (MTA1) expression at the post-transcriptional level, respectively. Further investigation confirmed that the functions of hsa_circ_0039411 are dependent on its modulation of ABCA9 and MTA1 in PTC cells. This study uncovered a mechanism of hsa_circ_0039411 in PTC, which might act as a novel therapeutic target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengluan Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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30
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Zhou Y, Miles JR, Tavori H, Lin M, Khoshbouei H, Borchelt DR, Bazick H, Landreth GE, Lee S, Fazio S, Notterpek L. PMP22 Regulates Cholesterol Trafficking and ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5404-5418. [PMID: 31061090 PMCID: PMC6607759 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2942-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of functional peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is associated with shortened lifespan in rodents and severe peripheral nerve myelin abnormalities in several species including humans. Schwann cells and nerves from PMP22 knock-out (KO) mice show deranged cholesterol distribution and aberrant lipid raft morphology, supporting an unrecognized role for PMP22 in cellular lipid metabolism. To examine the mechanisms underlying these abnormalities, we studied Schwann cells and nerves from male and female PMP22 KO mice. Whole-cell current-clamp recordings in cultured Schwann cells revealed increased membrane capacitance and decreased membrane resistance in the absence of PMP22, which was consistent with a reduction in membrane cholesterol. Nerves from PMP22-deficient mice contained abnormal lipid droplets, with both mRNA and protein levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) being highly upregulated. Despite the upregulation of ABCA1 and apoE, the absence of PMP22 resulted in reduced localization of the transporter to the cell membrane and diminished secretion of apoE. The absence of PMP22 also impaired ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity. In nerves from ABCA1 KO mice, the expression of PMP22 was significantly elevated and the subcellular processing of the overproduced protein was aberrant. In wild-type samples, double immunolabeling identified overlapping distribution of PMP22 and ABCA1 at the Schwann cell plasma membrane and the two proteins were coimmunoprecipitated from Schwann cell and nerve lysates. Together, these results reveal a novel role for PMP22 in regulating lipid metabolism and cholesterol trafficking through functional interaction with the cholesterol efflux regulatory protein ABCA1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the subcellular events that underlie abnormal myelin formation in hereditary neuropathies is critical for advancing therapy development. Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) is an essential peripheral myelin protein because its genetic abnormalities account for ∼80% of hereditary neuropathies. Here, we demonstrate that in the absence of PMP22, the cellular and electrophysiological properties of the Schwann cells' plasma membrane are altered and cholesterol trafficking and lipid homeostasis are perturbed. The molecular mechanisms for these abnormalities involve a functional interplay among PMP22, cholesterol, apolipoprotein E, and the major cholesterol-efflux transporter protein ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). These findings establish a critical role for PMP22 in the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis in Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua R Miles
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 27332, and
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 27332, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary E Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | | | - Sergio Fazio
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center of Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 27332, and
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Neuroscience,
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Vincent V, Thakkar H, Aggarwal S, Mridha AR, Ramakrishnan L, Singh A. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in adipose tissue and its modulation with insulin resistance in obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:275-284. [PMID: 30881070 PMCID: PMC6395069 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s186565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose tissue dysfunction is at the center of metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity. Through studies in isolated adipocytes and mouse models, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in the adipose tissue has been shown to regulate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in the circulation and insulin sensitivity at both adipose tissue and whole-body levels. We aimed to explore the possible link between ABCA1 expression in the adipose tissue and metabolic derangements associated with obesity in humans. PATIENTS AND METHODS This exploratory study among individuals who were lean (body mass index [BMI]: 22.3±0.34 kg/m2, n=28) and obese (BMI: 44.48±5.3 kg/m2, n=34) compared the expression of ABCA1, adiponectin and GLUT4 (SLC2A4) in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipo-IR) were used as insulin resistance markers. RESULTS Visceral adipose tissue from individuals who were obese had significantly lower ABCA1 (P=0.04 for mRNA and protein) and adiponectin (P=0.001 for mRNA) expression compared to that from lean individuals. Subcutaneous adipose tissue did not show any significant difference in the expression. When individuals were divided into insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) groups based on HOMA-IR, IR individuals had lower ABCA1 (P=0.0001 for mRNA and P=0.009 for protein) expression compared to IS individuals in visceral adipose tissue, but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The difference was significant after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. ABCA1 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue correlated negatively with both HOMA-IR (r=-0.44, P=0.0003) and adipo-IR (r=-0.35, P=0.005) after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. ABCA1 expression in either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue did not have any significant correlation with HDL cholesterol levels or mean adipocyte area. CONCLUSION Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with lower expression of ABCA1 in visceral adipose tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
| | - Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,
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Administration of Downstream ApoE Attenuates the Adverse Effect of Brain ABCA1 Deficiency on Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113368. [PMID: 30373276 PMCID: PMC6274914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter member A1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are major cholesterol transporters that play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Previous research demonstrated that specific deletion of brain-ABCA1 (ABCA1-B/-B) reduced brain grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) density in the ischemic brain and decreased functional outcomes after stroke. However, the downstream molecular mechanism underlying brain ABCA1-deficiency-induced deficits after stroke is not fully understood. Adult male ABCA1-B/-B and ABCA1-floxed control mice were subjected to distal middle-cerebral artery occlusion and were intraventricularly infused with artificial mouse cerebrospinal fluid as vehicle control or recombinant human ApoE2 into the ischemic brain starting 24 h after stroke for 14 days. The ApoE/apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and GM/WM remodeling and functional outcome were measured. Although ApoE2 increased brain ApoE/HDL levels and GM/WM density, negligible functional improvement was observed in ABCA1-floxed-stroke mice. ApoE2-administered ABCA1-B/-B stroke mice exhibited elevated levels of brain ApoE/ApoER2/HDL, increased GM/WM density, and neurogenesis in both the ischemic ipsilateral and contralateral brain, as well as improved neurological function compared with the vehicle-control ABCA1-B/-B stroke mice 14 days after stroke. Ischemic lesion volume was not significantly different between the two groups. In vitro supplementation of ApoE2 into primary cortical neurons and primary oligodendrocyte-progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly increased ApoER2 expression and enhanced cholesterol uptake. ApoE2 promoted neurite outgrowth after oxygen-glucose deprivation and axonal outgrowth of neurons, and increased proliferation/survival of OPCs derived from ABCA1-B/-B mice. Our data indicate that administration of ApoE2 minimizes the adverse effects of ABCA1 deficiency after stroke, at least partially by promoting cholesterol traffic/redistribution and GM/WM remodeling via increasing the ApoE/HDL/ApoER2 signaling pathway.
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Iritani S, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Sekiguchi H, Fujishiro H, Yoshida M, Go Y, Iriki A, Isoda M, Ozaki N. The neuropathological investigation of the brain in a monkey model of autism spectrum disorder with ABCA13 deletion. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:130-139. [PMID: 30201574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise biological etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the neuropathology of a monkey model of autism Human ABCA13 is the largest ABC transporter protein, with a length of 5058 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of >450 kDa. However, the function of this protein remains to be elucidated. This protein is thought to be associated with major psychiatric disease. Using this monkey model of autism with an ABCA13 deletion and a mutation of 5HT2c, we neuropathologically investigated the changes in the neuronal formation in the frontal cortex. As a result, the neuronal formation in the cortex was found to be disorganized with regard to the neuronal size and laminal distribution in the ABCA13 deletion monkey. The catecholaminergic and GABAergic neuronal systems, serotoninergic neuronal formation (5HT2c) were also found to be impaired by an immunohistochemical evaluation. This study suggested that ABCA13 deficit induces the impairment of neuronal maturation or migration, and the function of the neuronal network. This protein might thus play a role in the neurodevelopmental function of the central nervous system and the dysfunction of this protein may be a pathophysiological cause of mental disorders including autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Iritani
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Department of Brain Sciences, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Astushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Developmen RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Isoda
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University School of Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Lamartinière Y, Boucau MC, Dehouck L, Krohn M, Pahnke J, Candela P, Gosselet F, Fenart L. ABCA7 Downregulation Modifies Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis and Decreases Amyloid-β Peptide Efflux in an in vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:1195-1211. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yordenca Lamartinière
- Université d’Artois, EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), France
| | - Marie-Christine Boucau
- Université d’Artois, EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), France
| | - Lucie Dehouck
- Université d’Artois, EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), France
| | - Markus Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) & Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo (UiO) & Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
- University of Lübeck (UzL), LIED, Lübeck, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle, Germany
| | - Pietra Candela
- Université d’Artois, EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Université d’Artois, EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), France
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Université d’Artois, EA 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), France
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 contributes to increases ABCA1 expression by downregulating miR-758 to regulate cholesterol homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:652-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ce O, Rs P, Ab W, S D, Cj W, Qm M, D L. Potential Link Between Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 32352077 DOI: 10.31531/2581-4745.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease [AD] is not only the most common neurodegenerative disease but is also currently incurable. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 [PCSK9] is an indirect regulator of plasma low density lipoprotein [LDL] levels controlling LDL receptor expression at the plasma membrane. PCSK9 also appears to regulate the development of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, inflammation, and hypertension, conditions that have been identified as risk factors for AD. PCSK9 levels also depend on age, sex, and ethnic background, factors associated with AD. Herein, we will review indirect evidence that suggests a link between PCSK9 levels and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldham Ce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Powell Rs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Williams Ab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Dixon S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Wooten Cj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Melendez Qm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Lopez D
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise [BRITE], College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
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Tai LM, Balu D, Avila-Munoz E, Abdullah L, Thomas R, Collins N, Valencia-Olvera AC, LaDu MJ. EFAD transgenic mice as a human APOE relevant preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1733-1755. [PMID: 28389477 PMCID: PMC5580905 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r076315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified in 1993, APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold compared with APOE3, with APOE2 decreasing AD risk. However, the functional effects of APOE4 on AD pathology remain unclear and, in some cases, controversial. In vivo progress to understand how the human (h)-APOE genotypes affect AD pathology has been limited by the lack of a tractable familial AD-transgenic (FAD-Tg) mouse model expressing h-APOE rather than mouse (m)-APOE. The disparity between m- and h-apoE is relevant for virtually every AD-relevant pathway, including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and clearance, neuroinflammation, tau pathology, neural plasticity and cerebrovascular deficits. EFAD mice were designed as a temporally useful preclinical FAD-Tg-mouse model expressing the h-APOE genotypes for identifying mechanisms underlying APOE-modulated symptoms of AD pathology. From their first description in 2012, EFAD mice have enabled critical basic and therapeutic research. Here we review insights gleaned from the EFAD mice and summarize future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Evangelina Avila-Munoz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Nicole Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.
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Hajny S, Christoffersen C. A Novel Perspective on the ApoM-S1P Axis, Highlighting the Metabolism of ApoM and Its Role in Liver Fibrosis and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081636. [PMID: 28749426 PMCID: PMC5578026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes, renal proximal tubule cells as well as the highly specialized endothelium of the blood brain barrier (BBB) express and secrete apolipoprotein M (apoM). ApoM is a typical lipocalin containing a hydrophobic binding pocket predominantly carrying Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P). The small signaling molecule S1P is associated with several physiological as well as pathological pathways whereas the role of apoM is less explored. Hepatic apoM acts as a chaperone to transport S1P through the circulation and kidney derived apoM seems to play a role in S1P recovery to prevent urinal loss. Finally, polarized endothelial cells constituting the lining of the BBB express apoM and secrete the protein to the brain as well as to the blood compartment. The review will provide novel insights on apoM and S1P, and its role in hepatic fibrosis, neuroinflammation and BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hajny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Cui X, Chopp M, Zhang Z, Li R, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Venkat P, Chen J. ABCA1/ApoE/HDL Pathway Mediates GW3965-Induced Neurorestoration After Stroke. Stroke 2016; 48:459-467. [PMID: 28028143 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a major reverse cholesterol transporter and plays critical role in the formation of brain high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the most abundant apolipoprotein and transports cholesterol into cells in brain. ABCA1 and ApoE are upregulated by liver-X receptors. Activation of liver-X receptors has neurorestorative benefit for stroke. The current study investigates whether ABCA1/ApoE/HDL pathway mediates GW3965, a synthetic dual liver-X receptor agonist, induced neurorestoration after stroke. METHODS Middle-aged male specific brain ABCA1-deficient (ABCA1-B/-B) and floxed-control (ABCA1fl/fl) mice were subjected to distal middle-cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) and gavaged with saline or GW3965 (10 mg/kg) or intracerebral infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid or human plasma HDL3 in ABCA1-B/-B stroke mice, starting 24 hours after dMCAo and daily until euthanization 14 days after dMCAo. RESULTS No differences in the blood level of total cholesterol and triglyceride and lesion volume were found among the groups. Compared with ABCA1fl/fl ischemic mice, ABCA1-B/-B ischemic mice exhibited impairment functional outcome and decreased ABCA1/ApoE expression and decreased gray/white matter densities in the ischemic boundary zone 14 days after dMCAo. GW3965 treatment of ABCA1fl/fl ischemic mice led to increased brain ABCA1/ApoE expression, concomitantly to increased blood HDL, gray/white matter densities and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell numbers in the ischemic boundary zone, as well as improved functional outcome 14 days after dMCAo. GW3965 treatment had negligible beneficial effects in ABCA1-B/-B ischemic mice. However, intracerebral infusion of human plasma HDL3 significantly attenuated ABCA1-B/-B-induced deficits. In vitro, GW3965 treatment (5 μM) increased ABCA1/synaptophysin level and neurite/axonal outgrowth in primary cortical neurons derived from ABCA1fl/fl embryos, but not in neurons derived from ABCA1-B/-B embryos. HDL treatment (80 μg/mL) attenuated the reduction of neurite/axonal outgrowth in neurons derived from ABCA1-B/-B embryos. CONCLUSIONS ABCA1/ApoE/HDL pathway, at least partially, contributes to GW3965-induced neurorestoration after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cui
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Zhenggang Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Rongwen Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Julie Landschoot-Ward
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Poornima Venkat
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., Z.Z., R.L., A.Z., J.L.-W., P.V., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
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Coisne C, Tilloy S, Monflier E, Wils D, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Cyclodextrins as Emerging Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cholesterol-Associated Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:E1748. [PMID: 27999408 PMCID: PMC6273856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, like atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are closely linked to alterations of cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, innovative pharmacological approaches aiming at counteracting cholesterol imbalance display promising therapeutic potential. However, these approaches need to take into account the existence of biological barriers such as intestinal and blood-brain barriers which participate in the organ homeostasis and are major defense systems against xenobiotics. Interest in cyclodextrins (CDs) as medicinal agents has increased continuously based on their ability to actively extract lipids from cell membranes and to provide suitable carrier system for drug delivery. Many novel CD derivatives are constantly generated with the objective to improve CD bioavailability, biocompatibility and therapeutic outcomes. Newly designed drug formulation complexes incorporating CDs as drug carriers have demonstrated better efficiency in treating cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CD-based therapies as cholesterol-sequestrating agent have recently demonstrated promising advances with KLEPTOSE® CRYSMEB in atherosclerosis as well as with the 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick type C disease. Based on this success, many investigations evaluating the therapeutical beneficial of CDs in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are currently on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coisne
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Eric Monflier
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), University Artois, CNRS, UMR 8181, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Daniel Wils
- ROQUETTE, Nutrition & Health R & D, 62136 Lestrem, France.
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la barrière hémato-encéphalique (LBHE), University Artois, EA 2465, Lens, F-62300, France.
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Fan J, Zareyan S, Zhao W, Shimizu Y, Pfeifer TA, Tak JH, Isman MB, Van den Hoven B, Duggan ME, Wood MW, Wellington CL, Kulic I. Identification of a Chrysanthemic Ester as an Apolipoprotein E Inducer in Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162384. [PMID: 27598782 PMCID: PMC5012716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the most highly associated susceptibility locus for late onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and augmenting the beneficial physiological functions of apoE is a proposed therapeutic strategy. In a high throughput phenotypic screen for small molecules that enhance apoE secretion from human CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cells, we show the chrysanthemic ester 82879 robustly increases expressed apoE up to 9.4-fold and secreted apoE up to 6-fold and is associated with increased total cholesterol in conditioned media. Compound 82879 is unique as structural analogues, including pyrethroid esters, show no effect on apoE expression or secretion. 82879 also stimulates liver x receptor (LXR) target genes including ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), LXRα and inducible degrader of low density lipoprotein receptor (IDOL) at both mRNA and protein levels. In particular, the lipid transporter ABCA1 was increased by up to 10.6-fold upon 82879 treatment. The findings from CCF-STTG1 cells were confirmed in primary human astrocytes from three donors, where increased apoE and ABCA1 was observed along with elevated secretion of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like apoE particles. Nuclear receptor transactivation assays revealed modest direct LXR agonism by compound 82879, yet 10 μM of 82879 significantly upregulated apoE mRNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) depleted of both LXRα and LXRβ, demonstrating that 82879 can also induce apoE expression independent of LXR transactivation. By contrast, deletion of LXRs in MEFs completely blocked mRNA changes in ABCA1 even at 10 μM of 82879, indicating the ability of 82879 to stimulate ABCA1 expression is entirely dependent on LXR transactivation. Taken together, compound 82879 is a novel chrysanthemic ester capable of modulating apoE secretion as well as apoE-associated lipid metabolic pathways in astrocytes, which is structurally and mechanistically distinct from known LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shahab Zareyan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom A. Pfeifer
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jun-Hyung Tak
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murray B. Isman
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mark E. Duggan
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Wood
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Iva Kulic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Cui C, Ye X, Chopp M, Venkat P, Zacharek A, Yan T, Ning R, Yu P, Cui G, Chen J. miR-145 Regulates Diabetes-Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Induced Neurorestorative Effects in Diabetes Stroke Rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1656-1667. [PMID: 27460851 PMCID: PMC5189645 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) subject to stroke, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of action of bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) derived from T1DM rats (DM-BMSCs) and BMSCs derived from normal rats (Nor-BMSCs) were compared. In vitro and in vivo, DM-BMSCs exhibited decreased miR-145 expression. In T1DM rats, DM-BMSC treatment significantly improved functional outcome and increased vascular and white matter remodeling. However, overexpression of miR-145 in DM-BMSCs attenuates DM-BMSC-induced neurorestorative effects in T1DM stroke rats. In rats with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of action of stroke treatment were compared between bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) derived from T1DM rats (DM-BMSCs) and BMSCs derived from normal rats (Nor-BMSCs). The novel role of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in mediating DM-BMSC treatment-induced benefits was also investigated. T1DM rats (n = 8 per group) underwent 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were treated 24 hours later with the one of the following (5 × 106 cells administered i.v.): (a) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); (b) Nor-BMSCs; (c) DM-BMSCs; (d) DM-BMSCs with miR-145 overexpression (miR-145+/+DM-BMSCs); or (e) Nor-BMSCs with miR-145 knockdown. Evaluation of functional outcome, vascular and white-matter remodeling and microRNA expression was made, and in vitro studies were performed. In vitro, DM-BMSCs exhibited decreased miR-145 expression and increased survival compared with Nor-BMSCs. Capillary tube formation and axonal outgrowth in cultured primary cortical neurons were significantly increased by DM-BMSC-conditioned medium compared with Nor-BMSCs, and significantly decreased by miR-145+/+DM-BMSC-conditioned medium compared with DM-BMSCs. In T1DM rats in which stroke had been induced (T1DM stroke rats), DM-BMSC treatment significantly improved functional outcome, increased vascular and white matter remodeling, decreased serum miR-145 expression, and increased expression of the miR-145 target genes adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGFR1), compared with Nor-BMSCs or PBS treatment. However, miR-145+/+DM-BMSCs significantly increased serum miR-145 expression and decreased brain ABCA1 and IGFR1 expression, as well as attenuated DM-BMSC-induced neurorestorative effects in T1DM-MCAo rats. DM-BMSCs exhibited decreased miR-145 expression. In T1DM-MCAo rats, DM-BMSC treatment improved functional outcome and promoted neurorestorative effects. The miR-145/ABCA1/IGFR1 pathway may contribute to the enhanced DM-BMSCs’ functional and neurorestorative effects in T1DM stroke rats. Significance In rats with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of action of stroke treatment were compared between bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) derived from T1DM rats (DM-BMSCs) and BMSCs derived from normal rats (Nor-BMSCs). In vitro, DM-BMSCs and derived exosomes decreased miR-145 expression and increased DM-BMSC survival, capillary tube formation, and axonal outgrowth, compared with Nor-BMSCs; these effects were decreased by DM-BMSCs in which miR-145 was overexpressed. In vivo, compared with Nor-BMSC or phosphate-buffered saline treatment, DM-BMSC treatment improved functional outcome and vascular and white matter remodeling, decreased serum miR-145 expression, and increased expression of the miR-145 target genes ABCA1 and IGFR1. microRNA-145 mediated the benefits induced by DM-BMSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xinchun Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruizhou Ning
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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44
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Kuntz M, Candela P, Saint-Pol J, Lamartinière Y, Boucau MC, Sevin E, Fenart L, Gosselet F. Bexarotene Promotes Cholesterol Efflux and Restricts Apical-to-Basolateral Transport of Amyloid-β Peptides in an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:849-62. [PMID: 26402114 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the prime features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Several recent studies suggest that this phenomenon results from the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and impaired bidirectional Aβ exchange between blood and brain. These mechanisms appear to be closely related and are controlled by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the brain microvessel level. In animal models of AD, the anticancer drug bexarotene (a retinoid X receptor agonist) has been found to restore cognitive functions and decrease the brain amyloid burden by regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, the drug's therapeutic effect is subject to debate and the exact mechanism of action has not been characterized. Therefore, the objective of this present study was to determine bexarotene's effects on the BBB. Using an in vitro model of the human BBB, we investigated the drug's effects on cholesterol exchange between abluminal and luminal compartments and the apical-to-basolateral transport of Aβ peptides across the BBB. Our results demonstrated that bexarotene induces the expression of ABCA1 but not ApoE. This upregulation correlates with an increase in ApoE2-, ApoE4-, ApoA-I-, and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Regarding the transport of Aβ peptides, bexarotene increases the expression of ABCB1, which in turn decreases Aβ apical-to-basolateral transport. Our results showed that bexarotene not only promotes the cholesterol exchange between the brain and the blood but also decreases the influx of Aβ peptides across BBB, suggesting that bexarotene is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of AD.
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45
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Chandra A, Xu YM. Cholesterol: A necessary evil from a multiple sclerosis perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandra
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center; Department of Neurology; Buffalo General Hospital; Buffalo NY USA
- Department of Neurology; Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences; Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Yu Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology III; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou China
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46
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Constantinou C, Karavia EA, Xepapadaki E, Petropoulou PI, Papakosta E, Karavyraki M, Zvintzou E, Theodoropoulos V, Filou S, Hatziri A, Kalogeropoulou C, Panayiotakopoulos G, Kypreos KE. Advances in high-density lipoprotein physiology: surprises, overturns, and promises. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E1-E14. [PMID: 26530157 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00429.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence strongly supports that changes in the HDL metabolic pathway, which result in changes in HDL proteome and function, appear to have a causative impact on a number of metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a critical review of the most recent and novel findings correlating HDL properties and functionality with various pathophysiological processes and disease states, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammation and sepsis, bone and obstructive pulmonary diseases, and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni A Karavia
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | - Eugenia Papakosta
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Marilena Karavyraki
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Hatziri
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | | | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Pharmacology Department, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, Greece
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47
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Raddatz BB, Sun W, Brogden G, Sun Y, Kammeyer P, Kalkuhl A, Colbatzky F, Deschl U, Naim HY, Baumgärtner W, Ulrich R. Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination is Independent from Systemic Cholesterol Level in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:102-19. [PMID: 25959295 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary fat and/or cholesterol intake is a risk factor for multiple diseases and has been debated for multiple sclerosis. However, cholesterol biosynthesis is a key pathway during myelination and disturbances are described in demyelinating diseases. To address the possible interaction of dyslipidemia and demyelination, cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression, composition of the body's major lipid repositories and Paigen diet-induced, systemic hypercholesterolemia were examined in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) using histology, immunohistochemistry, serum clinical chemistry, microarrays and high-performance thin layer chromatography. TME-virus (TMEV)-infected mice showed progressive loss of motor performance and demyelinating leukomyelitis. Gene expression associated with cholesterol biosynthesis was overall down-regulated in the spinal cord of TMEV-infected animals. Spinal cord levels of galactocerebroside and sphingomyelin were reduced on day 196 post TMEV infection. Paigen diet induced serum hypercholesterolemia and hepatic lipidosis. However, high dietary fat and cholesterol intake led to no significant differences in clinical course, inflammatory response, astrocytosis, and the amount of demyelination and remyelination in the spinal cord of TMEV-infected animals. The results suggest that down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis is a transcriptional marker for demyelination, quantitative loss of myelin-specific lipids, but not cholesterol occurs late in chronic demyelination, and serum hypercholesterolemia exhibited no significant effect on TMEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Raddatz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wenhui Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Kammeyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Kalkuhl
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Florian Colbatzky
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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48
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Jan A, Karasinska JM, Kang MH, de Haan W, Ruddle P, Kaur A, Connolly C, Leavitt BR, Sorensen PH, Hayden MR. Direct intracerebral delivery of a miR-33 antisense oligonucleotide into mouse brain increases brain ABCA1 expression. [Corrected]. Neurosci Lett 2015; 598:66-72. [PMID: 25957561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane bound protein that serves to efflux cholesterol and phospholipids onto lipid poor apolipoproteins during HDL biogenesis. Increasing the expression and activity of ABCA1 have beneficial effects in experimental models of various neurologic and cardiovascular diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Despite the beneficial effects of liver X receptor (LXR) agonists--compounds that increase ABCA1 expression--in preclinical studies, their therapeutic utility is limited by systemic adverse effects on lipid metabolism. Interestingly, microRNA-33 (miR-33) inhibition increases ABCA1 expression and activity in rodents and non-human primates without severe metabolic adverse effects. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment of cultured mouse neurons, astrocytes and microglia with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting miR-33 increased ABCA1 expression, which was accompanied by increased cholesterol efflux and apoE secretion in astrocytic cultures. We also show that intracerebral delivery of an ASO targeting miR-33 leads to increased ABCA1 expression in cerebral cortex or subcortical structures such as hippocampus. These findings highlight an effective strategy for increasing brain ABCA1 expression/activity for relevant mechanistic studies. [Corrected]
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Jan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Joanna M Karasinska
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada; BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Martin H Kang
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Willeke de Haan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Piers Ruddle
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Achint Kaur
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Colum Connolly
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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49
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Brunham LR, Hayden MR. Human genetics of HDL: Insight into particle metabolism and function. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Shen L, Peng H, Peng R, Fan Q, Zhao S, Xu D, Morisseau C, Chiamvimonvat N, Hammock BD. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice promotes reverse cholesterol transport and regression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:557-65. [PMID: 25733327 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the body largest free cholesterol reservoir and abundantly expresses ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which maintains plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. HDLs have a protective role in atherosclerosis by mediating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a cytosolic enzyme whose inhibition has various beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. The sEH is highly expressed in adipocytes, and it converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) into less bioactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. We previously showed that increasing EETs levels with a sEH inhibitor (sEHI) (t-AUCB) resulted in elevated ABCA1 expression and promoted ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study investigates the impacts of t-AUCB in mice deficient for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (Ldlr(-/-) mice) with established atherosclerotic plaques. The sEH inhibitor delivered in vivo for 4 weeks decreased the activity of sEH in adipose tissue, enhanced ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux from adipose depots, and consequently increased HDL levels. Furthermore, t-AUCB enhanced RCT to the plasma, liver, bile and feces. It also showed the reduction of plasma LDL-C levels. Consistently, t-AUCB-treated mice showed reductions in the size of atherosclerotic plaques. These studies establish that raising adipose ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux, and plasma HDL levels with t-AUCB treatment promotes RCT, decreasing LDL-C and atherosclerosis regression, suggesting that sEH inhibition may be a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Hongchun Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Emergency, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Ran Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Qingsong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, PR China
| | - Shuiping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China.
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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