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Coronel-Oliveros C, Medel V, Whitaker GA, Astudillo A, Gallagher D, Z-Rivera L, Prado P, El-Deredy W, Orio P, Weinstein A. Elevating understanding: Linking high-altitude hypoxia to brain aging through EEG functional connectivity and spectral analyses. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:275-292. [PMID: 38562297 PMCID: PMC10927308 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia triggers brain function changes reminiscent of those in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease, compromising cognition and executive functions. Our study sought to validate high-altitude hypoxia as a model for assessing brain activity disruptions akin to aging. We collected EEG data from 16 healthy volunteers during acute high-altitude hypoxia (at 4,000 masl) and at sea level, focusing on relative changes in power and aperiodic slope of the EEG spectrum due to hypoxia. Additionally, we examined functional connectivity using wPLI, and functional segregation and integration using graph theory tools. High altitude led to slower brain oscillations, that is, increased δ and reduced α power, and flattened the 1/f aperiodic slope, indicating higher electrophysiological noise, akin to healthy aging. Notably, functional integration strengthened in the θ band, exhibiting unique topographical patterns at the subnetwork level, including increased frontocentral and reduced occipitoparietal integration. Moreover, we discovered significant correlations between subjects' age, 1/f slope, θ band integration, and observed robust effects of hypoxia after adjusting for age. Our findings shed light on how reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes influence brain activity patterns resembling those in neurodegenerative disorders and aging, making high-altitude hypoxia a promising model for comprehending the brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Coronel-Oliveros
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vicente Medel
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Alma Whitaker
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Chair of Acoustics and Haptics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aland Astudillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Gallagher
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Lucía Z-Rivera
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pavel Prado
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Orio
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Weinstein
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Tang X, Zhang J, Liu L, Yang M, Li S, Chen J, Ma Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Lu C, Ding G. Distinct brain state dynamics of native and second language processing during narrative listening in late bilinguals. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120359. [PMID: 37661079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of complex cognition, which includes language processing, is dynamic in nature and involves various network modes or cognitive modes. This dynamic process can be manifested by a set of brain states and transitions between them. Previous neuroimaging studies have shed light on how bilingual brains support native language (L1) and second language (L2) through a shared network. However, the mechanism through which this shared brain network enables L1 and L2 processing remains unknown. This study examined this issue by testing the hypothesis that L1 and L2 processing is associated with distinct brain state dynamics in terms of brain state integration and transition flexibility. A group of late Chinese-English bilinguals was scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to eight short narratives in Chinese (L1) and English (L2). Brain state dynamics were modeled using the leading eigenvector dynamic analysis framework. The results show that L1 processing involves more integrated states and frequent transitions between integrated and segregated states, while L2 processing involves more segregated states and fewer transitions. Our work provides insight into the dynamic process of narrative listening comprehension in late bilinguals and sheds new light on the neural representation of language processing and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Lanfang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Menghan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover NH 03755, USA
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yumeng Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Qi P, Zhang X, Kakkos I, Wu K, Wang S, Yuan J, Gao L, Matsopoulos GK, Sun Y. Individualized Prediction of Task Performance Decline Using Pre-Task Resting-State Functional Connectivity. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:4971-4982. [PMID: 37616144 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3307578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
As a common complaint in contemporary society, mental fatigue is a key element in the deterioration of the daily activities known as time-on-task (TOT) effect, making the prediction of fatigue-related performance decline exceedingly important. However, conventional group-level brain-behavioral correlation analysis has the limitation of generalizability to unseen individuals and fatigue prediction at individual-level is challenging due to the significant differences between individuals both in task performance efficiency and brain activities. Here, we introduced a cross-validated data-driven analysis framework to explore, for the first time, the feasibility of utilizing pre-task idiosyncratic resting-state functional connectivity (FC) on the prediction of fatigue-related task performance degradation at individual level. Specifically, two behavioral metrics, namely ∆RT (between the most vigilant and fatigued states) and TOTslope over the course of the 15-min sustained attention task, were estimated among three sessions from 37 healthy subjects to represent fatigue-related individual behavioral impairment. Then, a connectome-based prediction model was employed on pre-task resting-state FC features, identifying the network-related differences that contributed to the prediction of performance deterioration. As expected, prominent populational TOT-related performance declines were revealed across three sessions accompanied with substantial inter-individual differences. More importantly, we achieved significantly high accuracies for individualized prediction of both TOT-related behavioral impairment metrics using pre-task neuroimaging features. Despite the distinct patterns between both behavioral metrics, the identified top FC features contributing to the individualized predictions were mainly resided within/between frontal, temporal and parietal areas. Overall, our results of individualized prediction framework extended conventional correlation/classification analysis and may represent a promising avenue for the development of applicable techniques that allow precaution of the TOT-related performance declines in real-world scenarios.
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Li X, Salami A, Persson J. Hub architecture of the human structural connectome: Links to aging and processing speed. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120270. [PMID: 37423273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human structural brain network, or connectome, has a rich-club organization with a small number of brain regions showing high network connectivity, called hubs. Hubs are centrally located in the network, energy costly, and critical for human cognition. Aging has been associated with changes in brain structure, function, and cognitive decline, such as processing speed. At a molecular level, the aging process is a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage, which leads to subsequent energy depletion in the neuron and causes cell death. However, it is still unclear how age affects hub connections in the human connectome. The current study aims to address this research gap by constructing structural connectome using fiber bundle capacity (FBC). FBC is derived from Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD) modeling of white-matter fiber bundles, which represents the capacity of a fiber bundle to transfer information. Compared to the raw number of streamlines, FBC is less bias for quantifying connection strength within biological pathways. We found that hubs exhibit longer-distance connections and higher metabolic rates compared to peripheral brain regions, suggesting that hubs are biologically costly. Although the landscape of structural hubs was relatively age-invariant, there were wide-spread age effects on FBC in the connectome. Critically, these age effects were larger in connections within hub compared to peripheral brain connections. These findings were supported by both a cross-sectional sample with wide age-range (N = 137) and a longitudinal sample across 5 years (N = 83). Moreover, our results demonstrated that associations between FBC and processing speed were more concentrated in hub connections than chance level, and FBC in hub connections mediated the age-effects on processing speed. Overall, our findings indicate that structural connections of hubs, which demonstrate greater energy demands, are particular vulnerable to aging. The vulnerability may contribute to age-related impairments in processing speed among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
| | - Alireza Salami
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden; Center for Lifespan Developmental Research (LEADER), School of Behavioral, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 701 82, Sweden
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5
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Gasparyan A, Maldonado Sanchez D, Navarrete F, Sion A, Navarro D, García-Gutiérrez MS, Rubio Valladolid G, Jurado Barba R, Manzanares J. Cognitive Alterations in Addictive Disorders: A Translational Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1796. [PMID: 37509436 PMCID: PMC10376598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cognitive decline in people with substance use disorders is well known and can be found during both the dependence and drug abstinence phases. At the clinical level, cognitive decline impairs the response to addiction treatment and increases dropout rates. It can be irreversible, even after the end of drug abuse consumption. Improving our understanding of the molecular and cellular alterations associated with cognitive decline could be essential to developing specific therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Developing animal models to simulate drug abuse-induced learning and memory alterations is critical to continue exploring this clinical situation. The main aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on cognitive impairment and the associated biological markers in patients addicted to some of the most consumed drugs of abuse and in animal models simulating this clinical situation. The available information suggests the need to develop more studies to further explore the molecular alterations associated with cognitive impairment, with the ultimate goal of developing new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio Valladolid
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Jurado Barba
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Whole-brain modeling explains the context-dependent effects of cholinergic neuromodulation. Neuroimage 2023; 265:119782. [PMID: 36464098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration and segregation are two fundamental principles of brain organization. The brain manages the transitions and balance between different functional segregated or integrated states through neuromodulatory systems. Recently, computational and experimental studies suggest a pro-segregation effect of cholinergic neuromodulation. Here, we studied the effects of the cholinergic system on brain functional connectivity using both empirical fMRI data and computational modeling. First, we analyzed the effects of nicotine on functional connectivity and network topology in healthy subjects during resting-state conditions and during an attentional task. Then, we employed a whole-brain neural mass model interconnected using a human connectome to simulate the effects of nicotine and investigate causal mechanisms for these changes. The drug effect was modeled decreasing both the global coupling and local feedback inhibition parameters, consistent with the known cellular effects of acetylcholine. We found that nicotine incremented functional segregation in both empirical and simulated data, and the effects are context-dependent: observed during the task, but not in the resting state. In-task performance correlates with functional segregation, establishing a link between functional network topology and behavior. Furthermore, we found in the empirical data that the regional density of the nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2 correlates with the decrease in functional nodal strength by nicotine during the task. Our results confirm that cholinergic neuromodulation promotes functional segregation in a context-dependent fashion, and suggest that this segregation is suited for simple visual-attentional tasks.
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Qin Y, Hu Z, Chen Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Che Y, Han C. Directed Brain Network Analysis for Fatigue Driving Based on EEG Source Signals. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1093. [PMID: 36010760 PMCID: PMC9407608 DOI: 10.3390/e24081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue driving is one of the major factors that leads to traffic accidents. Long-term monotonous driving can easily cause a decrease in the driver's attention and vigilance, manifesting a fatigue effect. This paper proposes a means of revealing the effects of driving fatigue on the brain's information processing abilities, from the aspect of a directed brain network based on electroencephalogram (EEG) source signals. Based on current source density (CSD) data derived from EEG signals using source analysis, a directed brain network for fatigue driving was constructed by using a directed transfer function. As driving time increased, the average clustering coefficient as well as the average path length gradually increased; meanwhile, global efficiency gradually decreased for most rhythms, suggesting that deep driving fatigue enhances the brain's local information integration abilities while weakening its global abilities. Furthermore, causal flow analysis showed electrodes with significant differences between the awake state and the driving fatigue state, which were mainly distributed in several areas of the anterior and posterior regions, especially under the theta rhythm. It was also found that the ability of the anterior regions to receive information from the posterior regions became significantly worse in the driving fatigue state. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the underlying neural mechanisms of driving fatigue.
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Effects of Rest-Break on mental fatigue recovery based on EEG dynamic functional connectivity. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Trujillo JP, Özyürek A, Kan CC, Sheftel-Simanova I, Bekkering H. Differences in functional brain organization during gesture recognition between autistic and neurotypical individuals. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1021-1034. [PMID: 35428885 PMCID: PMC9629468 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons with and without autism process sensory information differently. Differences in sensory processing are directly relevant to social functioning and communicative abilities, which are known to be hampered in persons with autism. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 25 autistic individuals and 25 neurotypical individuals while they performed a silent gesture recognition task. We exploited brain network topology, a holistic quantification of how networks within the brain are organized to provide new insights into how visual communicative signals are processed in autistic and neurotypical individuals. Performing graph theoretical analysis, we calculated two network properties of the action observation network: 'local efficiency', as a measure of network segregation, and 'global efficiency', as a measure of network integration. We found that persons with autism and neurotypical persons differ in how the action observation network is organized. Persons with autism utilize a more clustered, local-processing-oriented network configuration (i.e. higher local efficiency) rather than the more integrative network organization seen in neurotypicals (i.e. higher global efficiency). These results shed new light on the complex interplay between social and sensory processing in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Trujillo
- Correspondence should be addressed to James P. Trujillo, Radboud University, Donders Centre for Cognition, Maria Montessori Building, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, Nijmegen 6525 GD, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Asli Özyürek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Centre for Cognition, Nijmegen, GD 6525, The Netherlands,Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, XD 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis C Kan
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Sheftel-Simanova
- One Planet Research Centre, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, GA 6525, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Bekkering
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Centre for Cognition, Nijmegen, GD 6525, The Netherlands
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Shang Y, Yang Y, Zheng G, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Yang L, Han L, Yao Z, Hu B. Aberrant functional network topology and effective connectivity in burnout syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 138:163-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lei H, Hu R, Luo G, Yang T, Shen H, Deng H, Chen C, Zhao H, Liu J. Altered Structural and Functional MRI Connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Related Cognitive Impairment: A Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:755017. [PMID: 35069149 PMCID: PMC8770326 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.755017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment in many domains. There are several pieces of evidence that changes in neuronal neuropathies and metabolism have been observed in T2DM. Structural and functional MRI shows that abnormal connections and synchronization occur in T2DM brain circuits and related networks. Neuroplasticity and energy metabolism appear to be principal effector systems, which may be related to amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, although there is no unified explanation that includes the complex etiology of T2DM with cognitive impairment. Herein, we assume that cognitive impairment in diabetes may lead to abnormalities in neuroplasticity and energy metabolism in the brain, and those reflected to MRI structural connectivity and functional connectivity, respectively.
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Hassanin O, Al-Shargie F, Tariq U, Al-Nashash H. Asymmetry of Regional Phase Synchrony Cortical Networks Under Cognitive Alertness and Vigilance Decrement States. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2378-2387. [PMID: 34735348 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3125420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates intra-regional connectivity and regional hemispheric asymmetry under two vigilance states: alertness and vigilance decrement. The vigilance states were induced on nine healthy subjects while performing 30 min in-congruent Stroop color-word task (I-SCWT). We measured brain activity using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals with 64-channels. We quantified the regional network connectivity using the phase-locking value (PLV) with graph theory analysis (GTA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). Results showed that the vigilance decrement state was associated with impaired information processing within the frontal and central regions in delta and theta frequency bands. Meanwhile, the hemispheric asymmetry results showed that the laterality shifted to the right-temporal in delta, right-central, parietal, and left frontal in theta, right-frontal and left-central, temporal and parietal in alpha, and right-parietal and left temporal in beta frequency bands. These findings represent the first demonstration of intra-regional connectivity and hemispheric asymmetry changes as a function of cognitive vigilance states. The overall results showed that vigilance decrement is region and frequency band-specific. Our SVM model achieved the highest classification accuracy of 99.73% in differentiating between the two vigilance states based on the frontal and central connectivity networks measures.
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Functional network topology of the right insula affects emotion dysregulation in hyperactive-impulsive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15045. [PMID: 34294803 PMCID: PMC8298497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is highly prevalent in young adult ADHD and related to reduced well-being and social impairments. Neuroimaging studies reported neural activity changes in ADHD in brain regions associated with emotion processing and regulation. It is however unknown whether deficits in emotion regulation relate to changes in functional brain network topology in these regions. We used a combination of graph analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyze resting-state functional connectivity in 147 well-characterized young adults with ADHD and age-matched healthy controls from the NeuroIMAGE database. Emotion dysregulation was gauged with four scales obtained from questionnaires and operationalized through a latent variable derived from SEM. Graph analysis was applied to resting-state data and network topology measures were entered into SEM models to identify brain regions whose local network integration and connectedness differed between subjects and was associated with emotion dysregulation. The latent variable of emotion dysregulation was characterized by scales gauging emotional distress, emotional symptoms, conduct symptoms, and emotional lability. In individuals with ADHD characterized by prominent hyperactivity-impulsivity, the latent emotion dysregulation variable was related to an increased clustering and local efficiency of the right insula. Thus, in the presence of hyperactivity-impulsivity, clustered network formation of the right insula may underpin emotion dysregulation in young adult ADHD.
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Tardiff N, Medaglia JD, Bassett DS, Thompson-Schill SL. The modulation of brain network integration and arousal during exploration. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118369. [PMID: 34242784 PMCID: PMC8507424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in how neuromodulators shape brain networks. Recent neuroimaging studies provide evidence that brainstem arousal systems, such as the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE), influence functional connectivity and brain network topology, suggesting they have a role in flexibly reconfiguring brain networks in order to adapt behavior and cognition to environmental demands. To date, however, the relationship between brainstem arousal systems and functional connectivity has not been assessed within the context of a task with an established relationship between arousal and behavior, with most prior studies relying on incidental variations in arousal or pharmacological manipulation and static brain networks constructed over long periods of time. These factors have likely contributed to a heterogeneity of effects across studies. To address these issues, we took advantage of the association between LC-NE-linked arousal and exploration to probe the relationships between exploratory choice, arousal—as measured indirectly via pupil diameter—and brain network dynamics. Exploration in a bandit task was associated with a shift toward fewer, more weakly connected modules that were more segregated in terms of connectivity and topology but more integrated with respect to the diversity of cognitive systems represented in each module. Functional connectivity strength decreased, and changes in connectivity were correlated with changes in pupil diameter, in line with the hypothesis that brainstem arousal systems influence the dynamic reorganization of brain networks. More broadly, we argue that carefully aligning dynamic network analyses with task designs can increase the temporal resolution at which behaviorally- and cognitively-relevant modulations can be identified, and offer these results as a proof of concept of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Tardiff
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - John D Medaglia
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Neurology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States
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15
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Coronel-Oliveros C, Cofré R, Orio P. Cholinergic neuromodulation of inhibitory interneurons facilitates functional integration in whole-brain models. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008737. [PMID: 33600402 PMCID: PMC7924765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Segregation and integration are two fundamental principles of brain structural and functional organization. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain transits between different functionally segregated and integrated states, and neuromodulatory systems have been proposed as key to facilitate these transitions. Although whole-brain computational models have reproduced this neuromodulatory effect, the role of local inhibitory circuits and their cholinergic modulation has not been studied. In this article, we consider a Jansen & Rit whole-brain model in a network interconnected using a human connectome, and study the influence of the cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems on the segregation/integration balance. In our model, we introduce a local inhibitory feedback as a plausible biophysical mechanism that enables the integration of whole-brain activity, and that interacts with the other neuromodulatory influences to facilitate the transition between different functional segregation/integration regimes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Coronel-Oliveros
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Biofísica y Biología Computacional, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Cofré
- CIMFAV-Ingemat, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Orio
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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16
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Zhang X, Braun U, Harneit A, Zang Z, Geiger LS, Betzel RF, Chen J, Schweiger JI, Schwarz K, Reinwald JR, Fritze S, Witt S, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Degenhardt F, Schwarz E, Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Bassett DS, Tost H. Generative network models of altered structural brain connectivity in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117510. [PMID: 33160087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the structural connectome of schizophrenia patients have been widely characterized, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Generative network models have recently been introduced as a tool to test the biological underpinnings of altered brain network formation. We evaluated different generative network models in healthy controls (n=152), schizophrenia patients (n=66), and their unaffected first-degree relatives (n=32), and we identified spatial and topological factors contributing to network formation. We further investigated how these factors relate to cognition and to polygenic risk for schizophrenia. Our data show that among the four tested classes of generative network models, structural brain networks were optimally accounted for by a two-factor model combining spatial constraints and topological neighborhood structure. The same wiring model explained brain network formation across study groups. However, relatives and schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly lower spatial constraints and lower topological facilitation compared to healthy controls. Further exploratory analyses point to potential associations of the model parameter reflecting spatial constraints with the polygenic risk for schizophrenia and cognitive performance. Our results identify spatial constraints and local topological structure as two interrelated mechanisms contributing to regular brain network formation as well as altered connectomes in schizophrenia and healthy individuals at familial risk for schizophrenia. On an exploratory level, our data further point to the potential relevance of spatial constraints for the genetic risk for schizophrenia and general cognitive functioning, thereby encouraging future studies in following up on these observations to gain further insights into the biological basis and behavioral relevance of model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Urs Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anais Harneit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenxiang Zang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lena S Geiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard F Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Junfang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janina I Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rochus Reinwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Department of Neurology, and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM USA
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Lukemire J, Kundu S, Pagnoni G, Guo Y. Bayesian Joint Modeling of Multiple Brain Functional Networks. J Am Stat Assoc 2020; 116:518-530. [PMID: 34262233 PMCID: PMC8274571 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2020.1796357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the similarity and changes in brain networks under different mental conditions has become increasingly important in neuroscience research. A standard separate estimation strategy fails to pool information across networks and hence has reduced estimation accuracy and power to detect between-network differences. Motivated by a fMRI Stroop task experiment that involves multiple related tasks, we develop an integrative Bayesian approach for jointly modeling multiple brain networks that provides a systematic inferential framework for network comparisons. The proposed approach explicitly models shared and differential patterns via flexible Dirichlet process-based priors on edge probabilities. Conditional on edges, the connection strengths are modeled via Bayesian spike and slab prior on the precision matrix off-diagonals. Numerical simulations illustrate that the proposed approach has increased power to detect true differential edges while providing adequate control on false positives and achieves greater network estimation accuracy compared to existing methods. The Stroop task data analysis reveals greater connectivity differences between task and fixation that are concentrated in brain regions previously identified as differentially activated in Stroop task, and more nuanced connectivity differences between exertion and relaxed task. In contrast, penalized modeling approaches involving computationally burdensome permutation tests reveal negligible network differences between conditions that seem biologically implausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lukemire
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pagnoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, USA
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18
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Individual differences in local functional brain connectivity affect TMS effects on behavior. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10422. [PMID: 32591568 PMCID: PMC7320140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) often show substantial differences between subjects. One factor that might contribute to these inter-individual differences is the interaction of current brain states with the effects of local brain network perturbation. The aim of the current study was to identify brain regions whose connectivity before and following right parietal perturbation affects individual behavioral effects during a visuospatial target detection task. 20 subjects participated in an fMRI experiment where their brain hemodynamic response was measured during resting state, and then during a visuospatial target detection task following 1 Hz rTMS and sham stimulation. To select a parsimonious set of associated brain regions, an elastic net analysis was used in combination with a whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectivity analysis. TMS-induced changes in accuracy were significantly correlated with the pattern of functional connectivity during the task state following TMS. The functional connectivity of the left superior temporal, angular, and precentral gyri was identified as key explanatory variable for the individual behavioral TMS effects. Our results suggest that the brain must reach an appropriate state in which right parietal TMS can induce improvements in visual target detection. The ability to reach this state appears to vary between individuals.
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19
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Pasetes SV, Ling PM, Apollonio DE. Cognitive performance effects of nicotine and industry affiliation: a systematic review. Subst Abuse 2020; 14:1178221820926545. [PMID: 32547048 PMCID: PMC7271274 DOI: 10.1177/1178221820926545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies assessing the cognitive performance effects of nicotine show inconsistent results and tobacco industry funding has been correlated with study outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of the primary literature assessing the cognitive performance effects of nicotine and assessed potential associations between tobacco and pharmaceutical industry affiliation and reported study conclusions. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, BIOSIS, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2009 and 2016 that: (1) were randomized controlled trials; (2) investigated the effects of nicotine on cognitive performance in a laboratory setting; (3) administered nicotine to healthy adults (18-60 years); and (4) included participants were nonsmokers or minimally deprived smokers (⩽2 hours of abstaining from smoking). Study disclosures and tobacco industry documents were reviewed to determine industry funding. RESULTS Searches yielded 3,771 abstracts; 32 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies investigated the effects of nicotine on attention (n = 22). Nicotine had a non-uniform effect on attention: studies reported positive (41%; n = 9), mixed (41%; n = 9), and no effect (18%; n = 4). The majority of study authors had received prior tobacco industry funding (59%; n = 19), however over half of tobacco-industry funded authors did not report this (53%; n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Nicotine does not appear to be associated with consistent cognitive performance effects. Although no association was found between reported outcomes and tobacco or pharmaceutical industry funding, findings likely underestimate the influence of industry funding due to strict inclusion criteria and incomplete data on pharmaceutical industry funding. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Pasetes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Pamela M. Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of
General Internal Medicine, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education,
University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dorie E. Apollonio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
University of California, San Francisco, USA
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20
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Gießing C, Ahrens S, Thiel CM. Healthy Subjects With Extreme Patterns of Performance Differ in Functional Network Topology and Benefits From Nicotine. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 13:83. [PMID: 31998085 PMCID: PMC6965056 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Do subjects with atypical patterns in attentional and executive behaviour show different brain network topology and react differently towards nicotine administration? The efficacy of pro-cognitive drugs like nicotine considerably varies between subjects and previous theoretical and empirical evidence suggest stronger behavioural nicotine effects in subjects with low performance. One problem is, however, how to best define low performance, especially if several cognitive functions are assessed for subject characterisation. We here present a method that used a multivariate, robust outlier detection algorithm to identify subjects with suspicious patterns of performance in attentional and executive functioning. In contrast to univariate approaches, this method is sensitive towards extreme positions within the multidimensional space that do not have to be extreme values in the individual behavioural distributions. The method was applied to a dataset of healthy, non-smoking subjects (n = 34) who were behaviorally characterised by an attention and executive function test on which N = 12 volunteers were classified as outliers. All subjects then underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan to characterise brain network topology and an experimental behavioural paradigm under placebo and nicotine (7 mg patch) that gauged aspects of attention and executive function. Our results indicate that subjects with an atypical multivariate pattern in attention and executive functioning showed significant differences in nodal brain network integration in visual association and pre-motor brain regions during resting state. These differences in brain network topology significantly predicted larger individual nicotine effects on attentional processing. In summary, the current approach successfully identified a subgroup of healthy volunteers with low behavioural performance who differ in brain network topology and attentional benefit from nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gießing
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ahrens
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christiane M. Thiel
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, Carl-von-Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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21
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Mehraram R, Kaiser M, Cromarty R, Graziadio S, O'Brien JT, Killen A, Taylor JP, Peraza LR. Weighted network measures reveal differences between dementia types: An EEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1573-1590. [PMID: 31816147 PMCID: PMC7267959 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) versus Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be difficult especially early in the disease process. However, one inexpensive and non‐invasive biomarker which could help is electroencephalography (EEG). Previous studies have shown that the brain network architecture assessed by EEG is altered in AD patients compared with age‐matched healthy control people (HC). However, similar studies in Lewy body diseases, that is, DLB and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are still lacking. In this work, we (a) compared brain network connectivity patterns across conditions, AD, DLB and PDD, in order to infer EEG network biomarkers that differentiate between these conditions, and (b) tested whether opting for weighted matrices led to more reliable results by better preserving the topology of the network. Our results indicate that dementia groups present with reduced connectivity in the EEG α band, whereas DLB shows weaker posterior–anterior patterns within the β‐band and greater network segregation within the θ‐band compared with AD. Weighted network measures were more consistent across global thresholding levels, and the network properties reflected reduction in connectivity strength in the dementia groups. In conclusion, β‐ and θ‐band network measures may be suitable as biomarkers for discriminating DLB from AD, whereas the α‐band network is similarly affected in DLB and PDD compared with HC. These variations may reflect the impairment of attentional networks in Parkinsonian diseases such as DLB and PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Mehraram
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marcus Kaiser
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruth Cromarty
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sara Graziadio
- NIHR Newcastle in vitro Diagnostics Co-operative, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Killen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luis R Peraza
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,IXICO Plc, London, UK
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22
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Qi P, Gao L, Meng J, Thakor N, Bezerianos A, Sun Y. Effects of Rest-Break on Mental Fatigue Recovery Determined by a Novel Temporal Brain Network Analysis of Dynamic Functional Connectivity. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 28:62-71. [PMID: 31725384 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2953315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mental fatigue is growingly considered to be associated with functional brain dysconnectivity. Although conventional wisdom suggests that rest break is an effective countermeasure, the underlying neural mechanisms and how they modulate fatigue-related brain dysconnectivity is largely unknown. Here, we introduce an empirical method to examine the reorganization of dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in a two-session experiment where one session including a mid-task break (Rest) compared to a successive task design in the other session (No-rest). Temporal brain networks were estimated from 20 participants and the spatiotemporal architecture was examined using our newly developed temporal efficiency analysis framework. We showed that taking a mid-task break leads to a restorative effect towards the end of experiment instead of immediate post-rest behaviour benefits. More importantly, we revealed a potential neural basis of our behaviour observation: the reduced spatiotemporal global integrity of temporal brain network in No-rest session was significantly improved with the break opportunity in the last task block of Rest session. Overall, we provided novel evidence to support beneficial effect of rest breaks in both behaviour performance and brain function. Moreover, these findings extended prior static FC studies of mental fatigue and highlight that altered dynamic FC may underlie cognitive fatigue.
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23
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Small-world properties of the whole-brain functional networks in patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Med 2019; 62:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Joseph JE, Vaughan BK, Camp CC, Baker NL, Sherman BJ, Moran-Santa Maria M, McRae-Clark A, Brady KT. Oxytocin-Induced Changes in Intrinsic Network Connectivity in Cocaine Use Disorder: Modulation by Gender, Childhood Trauma, and Years of Use. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:502. [PMID: 31379621 PMCID: PMC6658612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health concern with devastating social, economic, and mental health implications. A better understanding of the underlying neurobiology and phenotypic variations in individuals with CUD is necessary for the development of effective and targeted treatments. In this study, 39 women and 54 men with CUD completed a 6-min resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan after intranasal oxytocin (OXY) or placebo administration. Graph-theory network analysis was used to quantify functional connectivity changes caused by OXY in striatum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and amygdala nodes of interest. OXY increased connectivity in the right ACC and left amygdala in males, whereas OXY increased connectivity in the right ACC and right accumbens in females. Machine learning was then used to associate treatment response (placebo minus OXY) in nodes of interest with years of cocaine use and severity of childhood trauma separately for males and females. Childhood trauma and years of cocaine use were associated with OXY-induced changes in ACC connectivity for both men and women, but connectivity changes in the amygdala were associated with years of cocaine use in men and connectivity changes in the right insula were associated with years of cocaine use in women. These findings suggest that salience network nodes (ACC and insula) are potential OXY treatment targets in CUD, with the amygdala as a treatment target for men and the accumbens as a treatment target for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brandon K. Vaughan
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christopher C. Camp
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brian J. Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Megan Moran-Santa Maria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aimee McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kathleen T. Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
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25
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Zhu H, Li Y, Yuan M, Ren Z, Yuan C, Meng Y, Wang J, Deng W, Qiu C, Huang X, Gong Q, Lui S, Zhang W. Increased functional segregation of brain network associated with symptomatology and sustained attention in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 247:183-191. [PMID: 30684892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional regional or voxel-based analyses only focus on specific brain regions or connectivity rather than the whole brain's functional organization. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), we aimed to explore the altered topological metrics, clinical symptoms and cognitive function in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in order to identify the brain network mechanisms underlying these clinical and cognitive symptoms. METHODS Forty patients with unmedicated chronic PTSD and forty-two matched trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHCs) underwent rs-fMRI, and the topological organization of the whole-brain network was calculated using graph theory. The Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) task and Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) were used to evaluate the subjects' sustained attention and memory capacity. All clinical and cognitive measures and topological parameters of the PTSD patients and TEHCs were compared, and the relationships between altered network metrics and symptom severity were explored. RESULTS Compared with the TEHCs, the patients showed increases in the normalized clustering coefficient, small-worldness, normalized local efficiency and efficiency-based small-worldness. The left middle occipital gyrus showed increases in nodal global efficiency and nodal degree that were negatively correlated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. The altered connections in PTSD only involved the default mode network (DMN) and the occipital network. LIMITATIONS Comorbid conditions were included, and current cross-sectional study cannot conclude on causality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with chronic PTSD showed increased functional brain network segregation, mainly in the occipital cortex, which could be a protective or compensatory mechanism to alleviate clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Zhu
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305, CA, United States
| | - Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minlan Yuan
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhengjia Ren
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cui Yuan
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. Making Sense of Connectivity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:194-207. [PMID: 30544240 PMCID: PMC6403091 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the assessment of local alterations of specific brain regions, the investigation of entire networks with in vivo neuroimaging techniques has gained increasing attention. In general, connectivity analysis refers to the investigation of links between brain regions, with the aim to characterize their interactions and information transfer. These may represent or relate to different physiological characteristics (structural, functional, or metabolic information) and can be calculated across different levels of granularity (2 regions vs whole brain). In this article, we provide an overview of different connectivity analysis approaches with interpretations and limitations as well as examples in pharmacological imaging and clinical applications. Structural connectivity obtained from diffusion MRI enables the reconstruction of neuronal fiber tracts. These physical links represent major constraints of functional connections, which are in turn defined as correlations between signal time courses. In addition, molecular connectivity approaches based on PET imaging enable the assessment of interregional associations of metabolic demands and neurotransmitter systems. Application of these approaches in clinical investigations has demonstrated novel alterations in various neurological and psychiatric disorders on a network level. Future work should aim for the combined assessment of multiple imaging modalities and to establish robust biomarkers for clinical use. These advancements will further improve the biological interpretation of connectivity metrics and networks of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Modular reconfiguration of an auditory control brain network supports adaptive listening behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 116:660-669. [PMID: 30587584 PMCID: PMC6329957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815321116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How do brain networks shape our listening behavior? We here develop and test the hypothesis that, during challenging listening situations, intrinsic brain networks are reconfigured to adapt to the listening demands and thus, to enable successful listening. We find that, relative to a task-free resting state, networks of the listening brain show higher segregation of temporal auditory, ventral attention, and frontal control regions known to be involved in speech processing, sound localization, and effortful listening. Importantly, the relative change in modularity of this auditory control network predicts individuals’ listening success. Our findings shed light on how cortical communication dynamics tune selection and comprehension of speech in challenging listening situations and suggest modularity as the network principle of auditory attention. Speech comprehension in noisy, multitalker situations poses a challenge. Successful behavioral adaptation to a listening challenge often requires stronger engagement of auditory spatial attention and context-dependent semantic predictions. Human listeners differ substantially in the degree to which they adapt behaviorally and can listen successfully under such circumstances. How cortical networks embody this adaptation, particularly at the individual level, is currently unknown. We here explain this adaptation from reconfiguration of brain networks for a challenging listening task (i.e., a linguistic variant of the Posner paradigm with concurrent speech) in an age-varying sample of n = 49 healthy adults undergoing resting-state and task fMRI. We here provide evidence for the hypothesis that more successful listeners exhibit stronger task-specific reconfiguration (hence, better adaptation) of brain networks. From rest to task, brain networks become reconfigured toward more localized cortical processing characterized by higher topological segregation. This reconfiguration is dominated by the functional division of an auditory and a cingulo-opercular module and the emergence of a conjoined auditory and ventral attention module along bilateral middle and posterior temporal cortices. Supporting our hypothesis, the degree to which modularity of this frontotemporal auditory control network is increased relative to resting state predicts individuals’ listening success in states of divided and selective attention. Our findings elucidate how fine-tuned cortical communication dynamics shape selection and comprehension of speech. Our results highlight modularity of the auditory control network as a key organizational principle in cortical implementation of auditory spatial attention in challenging listening situations.
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Sun Y, Bezerianos A, Thakor N, Li J. Functional brain network analysis reveals time-on-task related performance decline. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:271-274. [PMID: 30440390 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Because of the undesired consequences, particularly seen in deteriorated performance in real-word workspace, continuous efforts have been made to understand time-on-task (TOT) related mental fatigue. However, our understanding of the underlying neural mechanism of TOT is still rudimentary. In this study, EEG signals were recorded from 26 subjects undergoing a 20-min mentally-demanding psychomotor vigilance test. Instead of a mere two-point comparison (i.e., fatigue vs. vigilant), behaviour and EEG data were divided into 4 quartiles for better revealing the progression of TOT effect. We then employed advanced graph theoretical approach to quantify TOT effect in terms of global and local reorganisation of EEG functional connectivity within the lower alpha (8-10 Hz) band. Interestingly, we found a development trend towards disintegrated network topology with the TOT effect, as seen in significantly increased characteristic path length and reduced small-worldness. Moreover, we found TOT-related reduced local property of interconnectivity in left frontal and central areas with an increased local property in right parietal areas. These findings augment our understanding of how the brain reorganises following the accumulation of prolonged task and demonstrate the feasibility of using network metrics as neural biomarkers for mental fatigue assessment.
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29
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Janes AC, Zegel M, Ohashi K, Betts J, Molokotos E, Olson D, Moran L, Pizzagalli DA. Nicotine normalizes cortico-striatal connectivity in non-smoking individuals with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2445-2451. [PMID: 29795403 PMCID: PMC6180119 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly comorbid, yet causal links between these prevalent disorders are unclear. One possible mechanism is that nicotine ameliorates MDD-related neurobiological dysfunction in specific networks. For instance, cortico-striatal circuitry is enhanced by nicotine, and such paths are disrupted in individuals with MDD. Specifically, MDD has been associated with reduced connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) but enhanced connectivity between the dorsal striatum (DS) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Determining whether nicotine normalizes these circuits in non-smokers with MDD may elucidate mechanisms underlying links between disorders. This was tested by administering placebo and a 2-mg dose of nicotine to unmedicated non-smokers with and without MDD prior to collecting resting-state functional magnetic imaging data using a cross-over design. On placebo, individuals with MDD showed significantly reduced NAc-rACC and a trend for enhanced DS-DLPFC functional connectivity relative to healthy controls. In MDD, acute nicotine administration normalized both pathways to the level of healthy controls, while having no impact on healthy controls. Nicotine's effects on NAc-rACC connectivity was influenced by anhedonia, consistent with the role of this network in reward and nicotine's ability to enhance reward deficiencies in MDD. These results indicate that nicotine normalizes dysfunctional cortico-striatal communication in unmedicated non-smokers with MDD. Nicotine's influence on these circuitries highlights a possible mechanism whereby individuals with MDD are more vulnerable to develop nicotine dependence. Findings suggest that nicotinic agents may have therapeutic effects on disrupted cortico-striatal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Janes
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maya Zegel
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Kyoko Ohashi
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jennifer Betts
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Elena Molokotos
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - David Olson
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lauren Moran
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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30
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Moran-Santa Maria MM, Vanderweyen DC, Camp CC, Zhu X, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP, Hartwell KJ, Brady KT, Joseph JE. Network Analysis of Intrinsic Functional Brain Connectivity in Male and Female Adult Smokers: A Preliminary Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:810-818. [PMID: 29059410 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to conduct a preliminary network analysis (using graph-theory measures) of intrinsic functional connectivity in adult smokers, with an exploration of sex differences in smokers. Methods Twenty-seven adult smokers (13 males; mean age = 35) and 17 sex and age-matched controls (11 males; mean age = 35) completed a blood oxygen level-dependent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. Data analysis involved preprocessing, creation of connectivity matrices using partial correlation, and computation of graph-theory measures using the Brain Connectivity Toolbox. Connector hubs and additional graph-theory measures were examined for differences between smokers and controls and correlations with nicotine dependence. Sex differences were examined in a priori regions of interest based on prior literature. Results Compared to nonsmokers, connector hubs in smokers emerged primarily in limbic (parahippocampus) and salience network (cingulate cortex) regions. In addition, global influence of the right insula and left nucleus accumbens was associated with higher nicotine dependence. These trends were present in male but not female smokers. Conclusions Network communication was altered in smokers, primarily in limbic and salience network regions. Network topology was associated with nicotine dependence in male but not female smokers in regions associated with reinforcement (nucleus accumbens) and craving (insula), consistent with the idea that male smokers are more sensitive to the reinforcing aspects of nicotine than female smokers. Implications Identifying alterations in brain network communication in male and female smokers can help tailor future behavioral and pharmacological smoking interventions. Male smokers showed alterations in brain networks associated with the reinforcing effects of nicotine more so than females, suggesting that pharmacotherapies targeting reinforcement and craving may be more efficacious in male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Moran-Santa Maria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Davy C Vanderweyen
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Christopher C Camp
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Psychology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Karen J Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathleen T Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Jane E Joseph
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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31
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Dopaminergic modulation of hemodynamic signal variability and the functional connectome during cognitive performance. Neuroimage 2018; 172:341-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Taya F, Dimitriadis SI, Dragomir A, Lim J, Sun Y, Wong KF, Thakor NV, Bezerianos A. Fronto-Parietal Subnetworks Flexibility Compensates For Cognitive Decline Due To Mental Fatigue. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3528-3545. [PMID: 29691949 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fronto-parietal subnetworks were revealed to compensate for cognitive decline due to mental fatigue by community structure analysis. Here, we investigate changes in topology of subnetworks of resting-state fMRI networks due to mental fatigue induced by prolonged performance of a cognitively demanding task, and their associations with cognitive decline. As it is well established that brain networks have modular organization, community structure analyses can provide valuable information about mesoscale network organization and serve as a bridge between standard fMRI approaches and brain connectomics that quantify the topology of whole brain networks. We developed inter- and intramodule network metrics to quantify topological characteristics of subnetworks, based on our hypothesis that mental fatigue would impact on functional relationships of subnetworks. Functional networks were constructed with wavelet correlation and a data-driven thresholding scheme based on orthogonal minimum spanning trees, which allowed detection of communities with weak connections. A change from pre- to posttask runs was found for the intermodule density between the frontal and the temporal subnetworks. Seven inter- or intramodule network metrics, mostly at the frontal or the parietal subnetworks, showed significant predictive power of individual cognitive decline, while the network metrics for the whole network were less effective in the predictions. Our results suggest that the control-type fronto-parietal networks have a flexible topological architecture to compensate for declining cognitive ability due to mental fatigue. This community structure analysis provides valuable insight into connectivity dynamics under different cognitive states including mental fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Taya
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stavros I Dimitriadis
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Center (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Neuroinformatics Group, (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Dragomir
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Lim
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yu Sun
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Foong Wong
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
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33
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Yamashita KI, Uehara T, Prawiroharjo P, Yamashita K, Togao O, Hiwatashi A, Taniwaki Y, Utsunomiya H, Matsushita T, Yamasaki R, Kira JI. Functional connectivity change between posterior cingulate cortex and ventral attention network relates to the impairment of orientation for time in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:154-161. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Dimitrakopoulos GN, Kakkos I, Dai Z, Wang H, Sgarbas K, Thakor N, Bezerianos A, Sun Y. Functional Connectivity Analysis of Mental Fatigue Reveals Different Network Topological Alterations Between Driving and Vigilance Tasks. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:740-749. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2791936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Gosak M, Markovič R, Dolenšek J, Slak Rupnik M, Marhl M, Stožer A, Perc M. Network science of biological systems at different scales: A review. Phys Life Rev 2018; 24:118-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Zuo N, Yang Z, Liu Y, Li J, Jiang T. Both activated and less-activated regions identified by functional MRI reconfigure to support task executions. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00893. [PMID: 29568689 PMCID: PMC5853621 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become very important for noninvasively characterizing BOLD signal fluctuations, which reflect the changes in neuronal firings in the brain. Unlike the activation detection strategy utilized with fMRI, which only emphasizes the synchronicity between the functional nodes (activated regions) and the task design, brain connectivity and network theory are able to decipher the interactive structure across the entire brain. However, little is known about whether and how the activated/less-activated interactions are associated with the functional changes that occur when the brain changes from the resting state to a task state. What are the key networks that play important roles in the brain state changes? METHODS We used the fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project S500 release to examine the changes of network efficiency, interaction strength, and fractional modularity contributions of both the local and global networks, when the subjects change from the resting state to seven different task states. RESULTS We found that, from the resting state to each of seven task states, both the activated and less-activated regions had significantly changed to be in line with, and comparably contributed to, a global network reconfiguration. We also found that three networks, the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and salience network, dominated the flexible reconfiguration of the brain. CONCLUSIONS This study shows quantitatively that contributions from both activated and less-activated regions enable the global functional network to respond when the brain switches from the resting state to a task state and suggests the necessity of considering large-scale networks (rather than only activated regions) when investigating brain functions in imaging cognitive neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianming Zuo
- Brainnetome CenterInstitute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- Brainnetome CenterInstitute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome CenterInstitute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome CenterInstitute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome CenterInstitute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China.,The Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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37
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Connectome-based predictive modeling of attention: Comparing different functional connectivity features and prediction methods across datasets. Neuroimage 2017; 167:11-22. [PMID: 29122720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM; Finn et al., 2015; Shen et al., 2017) was recently developed to predict individual differences in traits and behaviors, including fluid intelligence (Finn et al., 2015) and sustained attention (Rosenberg et al., 2016a), from functional brain connectivity (FC) measured with fMRI. Here, using the CPM framework, we compared the predictive power of three different measures of FC (Pearson's correlation, accordance, and discordance) and two different prediction algorithms (linear and partial least square [PLS] regression) for attention function. Accordance and discordance are recently proposed FC measures that respectively track in-phase synchronization and out-of-phase anti-correlation (Meskaldji et al., 2015). We defined connectome-based models using task-based or resting-state FC data, and tested the effects of (1) functional connectivity measure and (2) feature-selection/prediction algorithm on individualized attention predictions. Models were internally validated in a training dataset using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, and externally validated with three independent datasets. The training dataset included fMRI data collected while participants performed a sustained attention task and rested (N = 25; Rosenberg et al., 2016a). The validation datasets included: 1) data collected during performance of a stop-signal task and at rest (N = 83, including 19 participants who were administered methylphenidate prior to scanning; Farr et al., 2014a; Rosenberg et al., 2016b), 2) data collected during Attention Network Task performance and rest (N = 41, Rosenberg et al., in press), and 3) resting-state data and ADHD symptom severity from the ADHD-200 Consortium (N = 113; Rosenberg et al., 2016a). Models defined using all combinations of functional connectivity measure (Pearson's correlation, accordance, and discordance) and prediction algorithm (linear and PLS regression) predicted attentional abilities, with correlations between predicted and observed measures of attention as high as 0.9 for internal validation, and 0.6 for external validation (all p's < 0.05). Models trained on task data outperformed models trained on rest data. Pearson's correlation and accordance features generally showed a small numerical advantage over discordance features, while PLS regression models were usually better than linear regression models. Overall, in addition to correlation features combined with linear models (Rosenberg et al., 2016a), it is useful to consider accordance features and PLS regression for CPM.
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Inflexible Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Adolescent Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2434-2445. [PMID: 28553837 PMCID: PMC5645733 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) maturation during adolescence contributes to or underlies the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) during this sensitive period. The ACC is a structure that sits at the intersection of several task-positive networks (eg, central executive network, CEN), which are still developing during adolescence. While recent work using seed-based approaches indicate that depressed adolescents show limited task-evoked vs resting-state connectivity (termed 'inflexibility') between the ACC and task-negative networks, no study has used network-based approaches to investigate inflexibility of the ACC in task-positive networks to understand adolescent MDD. Here, we used graph theory to compare flexibility of network-level topology in eight subregions of the ACC (spanning three task-positive networks) in 42 unmedicated adolescents with MDD and 53 well-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent fMRI scanning during resting state and a response inhibition task that robustly engages task-positive networks. Relative to controls, depressed adolescents were characterized by inflexibility in local efficiency of a key ACC node in the CEN: right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/medial frontal gyrus (R dACC/MFG). Furthermore, individual differences in flexibility of local efficiency of R dACC/MFG significantly predicted inhibition performance, consistent with current literature demonstrating that flexible network organization affords successful cognitive control. Finally, reduced local efficiency of dACC/MFG during the task was significantly associated with an earlier age of depression onset, consistent with prior work suggesting that MDD may alter functional network development. Our results support a neurodevelopmental hypothesis of MDD wherein dysfunctional self-regulation is potentially reflected by altered ACC maturation.
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Zhang S, Hu S, Fucito LM, Luo X, Mazure CM, Zaborszky L, Li CSR. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Basal Nucleus of Meynert in Cigarette Smokers: Dependence Level and Gender Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:452-459. [PMID: 27613921 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have characterized impaired cerebral functioning in nicotine-addicted individuals. Whereas nicotine interacts with multiple neurotransmitters in cortical and subcortical circuits, it directly targets the cholinergic system, sourced primarily from the basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM). However, no studies have examined how this cholinergic system is influenced by cigarette smoking. Here, we addressed this gap of research. Methods Using a dataset from the Functional Connectome Projects, we investigated this issue by contrasting seed-based BNM connectivity of 40 current smokers and 170 age- and gender-matched nonsmokers. We followed our data analytic routines in recent work and examined differences between smokers and nonsmokers in men and women combined as well as separately. Results Compared to nonsmokers, female but not male smokers demonstrated greater positive BNM connectivity to the supplementary motor area, bilateral anterior insula, and right superior temporal/supramarginal gyri as well as greater negative connectivity to the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Further, BNM connectivity to the supplementary motor area is negatively correlated to the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score in male but not female smokers. Conclusions Along with a previous report of upregulated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in male but not female smokers, these new findings highlight functional changes of the cholinergic systems in cigarette smokers. The results suggest sex-specific differences in cholinergic dysregulation and a need for multiple imaging modalities to capture the neural markers of nicotine addiction. Implications Nicotine influences cognition via cholinergic projections of the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex. This study examined changes in resting-state whole-brain functional connectivity of the BNM in cigarette smokers. The new findings elucidate for the first time sex differences in BNM-cerebral connectivity in cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lisa M Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Women's Health Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Danti S, Handjaras G, Cecchetti L, Beuzeron-Mangina H, Pietrini P, Ricciardi E. Different levels of visual perceptual skills are associated with specific modifications in functional connectivity and global efficiency. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 123:127-135. [PMID: 28987780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The disembedding ability (i.e., the ability to identify a simple masked figure within a complex one) depends on attentional mechanisms, executive functions and working memory. Recent cognitive models ascribed different levels of disembedding task performance to the efficiency of the subtended mental processes engaged during visuo-spatial perception. Here we aimed at assessing whether different levels of the disembedding ability were associated to the functional signatures of neural efficiency, defined as a specific modulation in response magnitude and functional connectivity strength in task-related areas. Consequently, brain activity evoked by a visual task involving the disembedding ability was acquired using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a sample of 23 right-handed healthy individuals. Brain activity was analyzed at different levels of information processing, from local responses to connectivity interactions between brain nodes, as far as to network topological properties. All different levels of information processing were significantly modulated by individual behavioral performance. Specifically, single voxel response magnitude, connectivity strength of the right intrahemispheric and interhemispheric edges, and graph measures (i.e., local and global efficiency) were negatively associated to behavioral performance. Altogether, these results indicate that efficiency during a disembedding task cannot be merely attributed to a reduced neural recruitment of task-specific regions, but can be better characterized as an enhanced functional hemispherical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Danti
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dept. Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Helen Beuzeron-Mangina
- Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, Montreal Research and Treatment Center for Learning Abilities and Disabilities, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sadaghiani S, Ng B, Altmann A, Poline JB, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Burke Quinlan E, Conrod P, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Gallinat J, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Lemaitre H, Nees F, Papadopoulos Orfanos D, Paus T, Poustka L, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Napolioni V, Greicius M. Overdominant Effect of a CHRNA4 Polymorphism on Cingulo-Opercular Network Activity and Cognitive Control. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9657-9666. [PMID: 28877969 PMCID: PMC6596609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0991-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nicotinic system plays an important role in cognitive control and is implicated in several neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the contributions of genetic variability in this system to individuals' cognitive control abilities are poorly understood and the brain processes that mediate such genetic contributions remain largely unidentified. In this first large-scale neuroimaging genetics study of the human nicotinic receptor system (two cohorts, males and females, fMRI total N = 1586, behavioral total N = 3650), we investigated a common polymorphism of the high-affinity nicotinic receptor α4β2 (rs1044396 on the CHRNA4 gene) previously implicated in behavioral and nicotine-related studies (albeit with inconsistent major/minor allele impacts). Based on our prior neuroimaging findings, we expected this polymorphism to affect neural activity in the cingulo-opercular (CO) network involved in core cognitive control processes including maintenance of alertness. Consistent across the cohorts, all cortical areas of the CO network showed higher activity in heterozygotes compared with both types of homozygotes during cognitive engagement. This inverted U-shaped relation reflects an overdominant effect; that is, allelic interaction (cumulative evidence p = 1.33 * 10-5). Furthermore, heterozygotes performed more accurately in behavioral tasks that primarily depend on sustained alertness. No effects were observed for haplotypes of the surrounding CHRNA4 region, supporting a true overdominant effect at rs1044396. As a possible mechanism, we observed that this polymorphism is an expression quantitative trait locus modulating CHRNA4 expression levels. This is the first report of overdominance in the nicotinic system. These findings connect CHRNA4 genotype, CO network activation, and sustained alertness, providing insights into how genetics shapes individuals' cognitive control abilities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The nicotinic acetylcholine system plays a central role in neuromodulatory regulation of cognitive control processes and is dysregulated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite this functional importance, no large-scale neuroimaging genetics studies have targeted the contributions of genetic variability in this system to human brain activity. Here, we show the impact of a common polymorphism of the high-affinity nicotinic receptor α4β2 that is consistent across brain activity and behavior in two large human cohorts. We report a hitherto unknown overdominant effect (allelic interaction) at this locus, where the heterozygotes show higher activity in the cingulo-opercular network underlying alertness maintenance and higher behavioral alertness performance than both homozygous groups. This gene-brain-behavior relationship informs about the biological basis of interindividual differences in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Sadaghiani
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Bernard Ng
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andre Altmann
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
- University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 91400 Orsay, France
- Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lemaitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany, and
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Medical Research Council, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Michael Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Functional neural networks of honesty and dishonesty in children: Evidence from graph theory analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12085. [PMID: 28935904 PMCID: PMC5608888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined how different brain regions interact with each other during spontaneous honest vs. dishonest communication. More specifically, we took a complex network approach based on the graph-theory to analyze neural response data when children are spontaneously engaged in honest or dishonest acts. Fifty-nine right-handed children between 7 and 12 years of age participated in the study. They lied or told the truth out of their own volition. We found that lying decreased both the global and local efficiencies of children’s functional neural network. This finding, for the first time, suggests that lying disrupts the efficiency of children’s cortical network functioning. Further, it suggests that the graph theory based network analysis is a viable approach to study the neural development of deception.
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Meehan TP, Bressler SL, Tang W, Astafiev SV, Sylvester CM, Shulman GL, Corbetta M. Top-down cortical interactions in visuospatial attention. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3127-3145. [PMID: 28321551 PMCID: PMC5607080 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The voluntary allocation of visuospatial attention depends upon top-down influences from the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS)-the core regions of the dorsal attention network (DAN)-to visual occipital cortex (VOC), and has been further associated with within-DAN influences, particularly from the FEF to IPS. However, the degree to which these influences manifest at rest and are then modulated during anticipatory visuospatial attention tasks remains poorly understood. Here, we measured both undirected and directed functional connectivity (UFC, DFC) between the FEF, IPS, and VOC at rest and during an anticipatory visuospatial attention task, using a slow event-related design. Whereas the comparison between rest and task indicated FC modulations that persisted throughout the task duration, the large number of task trials we collected further enabled us to measure shorter timescale modulations of FC across the trial. Relative to rest, task engagement induced enhancement of both top-down influences from the DAN to VOC, as well as bidirectional influences between the FEF and IPS. These results suggest that task performance induces enhanced interaction within the DAN and a greater top-down influence on VOC. While resting FC generally showed right hemisphere dominance, task-related enhancement favored the left hemisphere, effectively balancing a resting hemispheric asymmetry, particularly within the DAN. On a shorter (within-trial) timescale, VOC-to-DAN and bidirectional FEF-IPS influences were transiently elevated during the anticipatory period of the trial, evincing phasic modulations related to changing attentional demands. In contrast to these task-specific effects, resting and task-related influence patterns were highly correlated, suggesting a predisposing role for resting organization, which requires minimal tonic and phasic modulations for control of visuospatial attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Meehan
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Steven L Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Serguei V Astafiev
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chad M Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gordon L Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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van Veenendaal TM, IJff DM, Aldenkamp AP, Lazeron RHC, Hofman PAM, de Louw AJA, Backes WH, Jansen JFA. Chronic antiepileptic drug use and functional network efficiency: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. World J Radiol 2017; 9:287-294. [PMID: 28717415 PMCID: PMC5491656 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i6.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To increase our insight in the neuronal mechanisms underlying cognitive side-effects of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment.
METHODS The relation between functional magnetic resonance-acquired brain network measures, AED use, and cognitive function was investigated. Three groups of patients with epilepsy with a different risk profile for developing cognitive side effects were included: A “low risk” category (lamotrigine or levetiracetam, n = 16), an “intermediate risk” category (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, or valproate, n = 34) and a “high risk” category (topiramate, n = 5). Brain connectivity was assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical network analysis. The Computerized Visual Searching Task was used to measure central information processing speed, a common cognitive side effect of AED treatment.
RESULTS Central information processing speed was lower in patients taking AEDs from the intermediate and high risk categories, compared with patients from the low risk category. The effect of risk category on global efficiency was significant (P < 0.05, ANCOVA), with a significantly higher global efficiency for patient from the low category compared with the high risk category (P < 0.05, post-hoc test). Risk category had no significant effect on the clustering coefficient (ANCOVA, P > 0.2). Also no significant associations between information processing speed and global efficiency or the clustering coefficient (linear regression analysis, P > 0.15) were observed.
CONCLUSION Only the four patients taking topiramate show aberrant network measures, suggesting that alterations in functional brain network organization may be only subtle and measureable in patients with more severe cognitive side effects.
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Alavash M, Daube C, Wöstmann M, Brandmeyer A, Obleser J. Large-scale network dynamics of beta-band oscillations underlie auditory perceptual decision-making. Netw Neurosci 2017; 1:166-191. [PMID: 29911668 PMCID: PMC5988391 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions vary in the speed at which we make them. Evidence suggests that translating sensory information into perceptual decisions relies on distributed interacting neural populations, with decision speed hinging on power modulations of the neural oscillations. Yet the dependence of perceptual decisions on the large-scale network organization of coupled neural oscillations has remained elusive. We measured magnetoencephalographic signals in human listeners who judged acoustic stimuli composed of carefully titrated clouds of tone sweeps. These stimuli were used in two task contexts, in which the participants judged the overall pitch or direction of the tone sweeps. We traced the large-scale network dynamics of the source-projected neural oscillations on a trial-by-trial basis using power-envelope correlations and graph-theoretical network discovery. In both tasks, faster decisions were predicted by higher segregation and lower integration of coupled beta-band (∼16-28 Hz) oscillations. We also uncovered the brain network states that promoted faster decisions in either lower-order auditory or higher-order control brain areas. Specifically, decision speed in judging the tone sweep direction critically relied on the nodal network configurations of anterior temporal, cingulate, and middle frontal cortices. Our findings suggest that global network communication during perceptual decision-making is implemented in the human brain by large-scale couplings between beta-band neural oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alavash
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group “Auditory Cognition,” Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Daube
- Max Planck Research Group “Auditory Cognition,” Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malte Wöstmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group “Auditory Cognition,” Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alex Brandmeyer
- Max Planck Research Group “Auditory Cognition,” Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group “Auditory Cognition,” Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Ray KL, Lesh TA, Howell AM, Salo TP, Ragland JD, MacDonald AW, Gold JM, Silverstein SM, Barch DM, Carter CS. Functional network changes and cognitive control in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:161-170. [PMID: 28529872 PMCID: PMC5429248 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control is a cognitive and neural mechanism that contributes to managing the complex demands of day-to-day life. Studies have suggested that functional impairments in cognitive control associated brain circuitry contribute to a broad range of higher cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. To examine this issue, we assessed functional connectivity networks in healthy adults and individuals with schizophrenia performing tasks from two distinct cognitive domains that varied in demands for cognitive control, the RiSE episodic memory task and DPX goal maintenance task. We characterized general and cognitive control-specific effects of schizophrenia on functional connectivity within an expanded frontal parietal network (FPN) and quantified network topology properties using graph analysis. Using the network based statistic (NBS), we observed greater network functional connectivity in cognitive control demanding conditions during both tasks in both groups in the FPN, and demonstrated cognitive control FPN specificity against a task independent auditory network. NBS analyses also revealed widespread connectivity deficits in schizophrenia patients across all tasks. Furthermore, quantitative changes in network topology associated with diagnostic status and task demand were observed. The present findings, in an analysis that was limited to correct trials only, ensuring that subjects are on task, provide critical insights into network connections crucial for cognitive control and the manner in which brain networks reorganize to support such control. Impairments in this mechanism are present in schizophrenia and these results highlight how cognitive control deficits contribute to the pathophysiology of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Imaging Research Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Imaging Research Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Amber M Howell
- Department of Psychiatry, Imaging Research Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Taylor P Salo
- Department of Psychiatry, Imaging Research Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J Daniel Ragland
- Department of Psychiatry, Imaging Research Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Angus W MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Deana M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences and Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, Imaging Research Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Roy A, Bernier RA, Wang J, Benson M, French JJ, Good DC, Hillary FG. The evolution of cost-efficiency in neural networks during recovery from traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170541. [PMID: 28422992 PMCID: PMC5396850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A somewhat perplexing finding in the systems neuroscience has been the observation that physical injury to neural systems may result in enhanced functional connectivity (i.e., hyperconnectivity) relative to the typical network response. The consequences of local or global enhancement of functional connectivity remain uncertain and this is particularly true for the overall metabolic cost of the network. We examine the hyperconnectivity hypothesis in a sample of 14 individuals with TBI with data collected at approximately 3, 6, and 12 months following moderate and severe TBI. As anticipated, individuals with TBI showed increased network strength and cost early after injury, but by one-year post injury hyperconnectivity was more circumscribed to frontal DMN and temporal-parietal attentional control regions. Cost in these subregions was a significant predictor of cognitive performance. Cost-efficiency analysis in the Power 264 data parcellation suggested that at 6 months post injury the network requires higher cost connections to achieve high efficiency as compared to the network 12 months post injury. These results demonstrate that networks self-organize to re-establish connectivity while balancing cost-efficiency trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Roy
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Bernier
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Radiology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monica Benson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jerry J. French
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David C. Good
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank G. Hillary
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Social, Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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48
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Effects of nicotine on response inhibition and interference control. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1093-1111. [PMID: 28150023 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a cholinergic agonist with known pro-cognitive effects in the domains of alerting and orienting attention. However, its effects on attentional top-down functions such as response inhibition and interference control are less well characterised. Here, we investigated the effects of 7 mg transdermal nicotine on performance on a battery of response inhibition and interference control tasks. A sample of N = 44 healthy adult non-smokers performed antisaccade, stop signal, Stroop, go/no-go, flanker, shape matching and Simon tasks, as well as the attentional network test (ANT) and a continuous performance task (CPT). Nicotine was administered in a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, with order of drug administration counterbalanced. Relative to placebo, nicotine led to significantly shorter reaction times on a prosaccade task and on CPT hits but did not significantly improve inhibitory or interference control performance on any task. Instead, nicotine had a negative influence in increasing the interference effect on the Simon task. Nicotine did not alter inter-individual associations between reaction times on congruent trials and error rates on incongruent trials on any task. Finally, there were effects involving order of drug administration, suggesting practice effects but also beneficial nicotine effects when the compound was administered first. Overall, our findings support previous studies showing positive effects of nicotine on basic attentional functions but do not provide direct evidence for an improvement of top-down cognitive control through acute administration of nicotine at this dose in healthy non-smokers.
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Sun Y, Lim J, Dai Z, Wong K, Taya F, Chen Y, Li J, Thakor N, Bezerianos A. The effects of a mid-task break on the brain connectome in healthy participants: A resting-state functional MRI study. Neuroimage 2017; 152:19-30. [PMID: 28257928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rest breaks are commonly administered as a countermeasure to reduce mental fatigue and boost cognitive performance, the effects of taking a break on behavior are not consistent. Moreover, our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of rest breaks and how they modulate mental fatigue is still rudimentary. In this study, we investigated the effects of receiving a rest break on the topological properties of brain connectivity networks via a two-session experimental paradigm, in which one session comprised four successive blocks of a mentally demanding visual selective attention task (No-rest session), whereas the other contained a rest break between the second and third task blocks (Rest session). Functional brain networks were constructed using resting-state functional MRI data recorded from 20 healthy adults before and after the performance of the task blocks. Behaviorally, subjects displayed robust time-on-task (TOT) declines, as reflected by increasingly slower reaction time as the test progressed and lower post-task self-reported ratings of engagement. However, we did not find a significant effect on task performance due to administering a mid-task break. Compared to pre-task measurements, post-task functional brain networks demonstrated an overall decrease of optimal small-world properties together with lower global efficiency. Specifically, we found TOT-related reduced nodal efficiency in brain regions that mainly resided in the subcortical areas. More interestingly, a significant block-by-session interaction was revealed in local efficiency, attributing to a significant post-task decline in No-rest session and a preserved local efficiency when a mid-task break opportunity was introduced in the Rest session. Taken together, these findings augment our understanding of how the resting brain reorganizes following the accumulation of prolonged task, suggest dissociable processes between the neural mechanisms of fatigue and recovery, and provide some of the first quantitative insights into the cognitive neuroscience of work and rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Julian Lim
- Center of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zhongxiang Dai
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - KianFoong Wong
- Center of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Fumihiko Taya
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Junhua Li
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nitish Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Výtvarová E, Mareček R, Fousek J, Strýček O, Rektor I. Large-scale cortico-subcortical functional networks in focal epilepsies: The role of the basal ganglia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 14:28-36. [PMID: 28123951 PMCID: PMC5222946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to describe the contribution of basal ganglia (BG) thalamo-cortical circuitry to the whole-brain functional connectivity in focal epilepsies. Methods Interictal resting-state fMRI recordings were acquired in 46 persons with focal epilepsies. Of these 46, 22 had temporal lobe epilepsy: 9 left temporal (LTLE), 13 right temporal (RTLE); 15 had frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE); and 9 had parietal/occipital lobe epilepsy (POLE). There were 20 healthy controls. The complete weighted network was analyzed based on correlation matrices of 90 and 194 regions. The network topology was quantified on a global and regional level by measures based on graph theory, and connection-level changes were analyzed by the partial least square method. Results In all patient groups except RTLE, the shift of the functional network topology away from random was observed (normalized clustering coefficient and characteristic path length were higher in patient groups than in controls). Links contributing to this change were found in the cortico-subcortical connections. Weak connections (low correlations) consistently contributed to this modification of the network. The importance of regions changed: decreases in the subcortical areas and both decreases and increases in the cortical areas were observed in node strength, clustering coefficient and eigenvector centrality in patient groups when compared to controls. Node strength decreases of the basal ganglia, i.e. the putamen, caudate, and pallidum, were displayed in LTLE, FLE, and POLE. The connectivity within the basal ganglia–thalamus circuitry was not disturbed; the disturbance concerned the connectivity between the circuitry and the cortex. Significance Focal epilepsies affect large-scale brain networks beyond the epileptogenic zones. Cortico-subcortical functional connectivity disturbance was displayed in LTLE, FLE, and POLE. Significant changes in the resting-state functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical structures suggest an important role of the BG and thalamus in focal epilepsies. Focal epilepsies affect large-scale brain networks beyond the epileptogenic zones. The functional network topology shifted away from random in focal epilepsies. Subcortico-cortical connectivity decreased in epilepsy due to changes in weak links. Basal ganglia–thalamus circuitry connectivity was not disturbed in focal epilepsy. The connectivity between basal ganglia-thalamus circuitry and cortex was affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Výtvarová
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fousek
- Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strýček
- Brno Epilepsy Center, First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rektor
- Brno Epilepsy Center, First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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