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Bale R, Doshi G. Cross talk about the role of Neuropeptide Y in CNS disorders and diseases. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102388. [PMID: 37918268 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A peptide composed of a 36 amino acid called Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is employed in a variety of physiological processes to manage and treat conditions affecting the endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems. NPY naturally binds to G-protein coupled receptors, activating the Y-receptors (Y1-Y5 and y6). The findings on numerous therapeutic applications of NPY for CNS disease are presented in this review by the authors. New targets for treating diseases will be revealed by medication combinations that target NPY and its receptors. This review is mainly focused on disorders such as anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Machado Joseph disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, migraine, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The findings from the preclinical studies and clinical studies covered in this article may help create efficient therapeutic plans to treat neurological conditions on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other. They may also open the door to the creation of novel NPY receptor ligands as medications to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai 400056, India.
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2
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Pain S, Brot S, Gaillard A. Neuroprotective Effects of Neuropeptide Y against Neurodegenerative Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1717-1725. [PMID: 34488599 PMCID: PMC9881060 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210906120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36 amino acid peptide, is widely expressed in the mammalian brain. Changes in NPY levels in different brain regions and plasma have been described in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Machado-Joseph disease. The changes in NPY levels may reflect the attempt to set up an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism to counteract the degenerative process. Accumulating evidence indicates that NPY can function as an anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-phagocytic agent, which may be used effectively to halt or to slow down the progression of the disease. In this review, we will focus on the neuroprotective roles of NPY in several neuropathological conditions, with a particular focus on the anti-inflammatory properties of NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pain
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques-LNEC INSERM U-1084, Université de Poitiers, LNEC,
F-86000 Poitiers, France; ,CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, F-86021, France
| | - Sébastien Brot
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques-LNEC INSERM U-1084, Université de Poitiers, LNEC,
F-86000 Poitiers, France;
| | - Afsaneh Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques-LNEC INSERM U-1084, Université de Poitiers, LNEC,
F-86000 Poitiers, France; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques-LNEC INSERM U-1084, Université de Poitiers, LNEC, F-86000 Poitiers, France; E-mail:
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3
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Shipman ML, Corbit LH. Diet-induced deficits in goal-directed control are rescued by agonism of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial striatum. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:42. [PMID: 35091538 PMCID: PMC8799694 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many overweight or obese people struggle to sustain the behavioural changes necessary to achieve and maintain weight loss. In rodents, obesogenic diet can disrupt goal-directed control of responding for food reinforcers, which may indicate that diet can disrupt brain regions associated with behavioural control. We investigated a potential glutamatergic mechanism to return goal-directed control to rats who had been given an obesogenic diet prior to operant training. We found that an obesogenic diet reduced goal-directed control and that systemic injection of LY379268, a Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) agonist, returned goal-directed responding in these rats. Further, we found that direct infusion of LY379268 into the dorsomedial striatum, a region associated with goal-directed control, also restored goal-directed responding in the obesogenic-diet group. This indicates that one mechanism through which obesogenic diet disrupts goal-directed control is glutamatergic, and infusion of a mGluR2/3 agonist into the DMS is sufficient to ameliorate deficits in goal-directed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Shipman
- University of Toronto Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Laura H Corbit
- University of Toronto Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
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4
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Domin H. Neuropeptide Y Y2 and Y5 receptors as potential targets for neuroprotective and antidepressant therapies: Evidence from preclinical studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110349. [PMID: 33991587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no effective treatment either for neurological illnesses (ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases) or psychiatric disorders (depression), in which the Glu/GABA balance is disturbed and accompanied by significant excitotoxicity. Therefore, the search for new and effective therapeutic strategies is imperative for these disorders. Studies conducted over the last several years indicate that the neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic system may be a potential therapeutic target for neuroprotective or antidepressant compounds. This review focuses on the neuroprotective roles of Y2 and Y5 receptors (YRs) in neurological disorders such as ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and in psychiatric disorders such as depression. It summarizes current knowledge on the possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective or antidepressant-like actions of Y2R and Y5R ligands. The review also discusses ligands acting at Y2R and Y5R and their limitations as in vivo pharmacological tools. The results from the preclinical studies discussed here may be useful in developing effective therapeutic strategies to treat neurological diseases on the one hand and psychiatric disorders on the other, and may pave the way for the development of novel Y2R and Y5R ligands as candidate drugs for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland.
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5
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Zhang Y, Liu CY, Chen WC, Shi YC, Wang CM, Lin S, He HF. Regulation of neuropeptide Y in body microenvironments and its potential application in therapies: a review. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:151. [PMID: 34344469 PMCID: PMC8330085 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the body, is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts on the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and nervous systems. NPY affects the nutritional and inflammatory microenvironments through its interaction with immune cells, brain-derived trophic factor (BDNF), and angiogenesis promotion to maintain body homeostasis. Additionally, NPY has great potential for therapeutic applications against various diseases, especially as an adjuvant therapy for stem cells. In this review, we discuss the research progress regarding NPY, as well as the current evidence for the regulation of NPY in each microenvironment, and provide prospects for further research on related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Chu-Yun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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6
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Ventura F, Muga M, Coelho-Santos V, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Leitão RA, Silva AP. Protective effect of neuropeptide Y2 receptor activation against methamphetamine-induced brain endothelial cell alterations. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:53-59. [PMID: 32956829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) consumption is a health problem that leads to neurological and psychiatric disturbances. The cellular alterations behind these conditions have been extensively investigated and it is now well-established that METH causes cerebrovascular alterations being a key feature in drug-induced neuropathology. Although promising advances in understanding the blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations induced by METH, there is still no available approach to counteract or diminish such effects. Interestingly, several studies show that neuropeptide Y (NPY) has an important protective role against METH-induced neuronal and glial toxicity, as well as behavioral deficits. Despite these beneficial effects of the NPY system, nothing is known about its role in brain endothelial cells under conditions of METH exposure. Thus, our aim was to unravel the effect of NPY and its receptors against METH-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. For that, we used a human brain microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) and our results demonstrate that endothelial cells express both NPY Y1 (Y1R) and Y2 (Y2R) receptors, but only Y2R is upregulated after METH exposure. Moreover, this drug of abuse induced endothelial cell death and elicited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by these cells, which were prevented by the activation of Y2R. Additional, cell death and oxidative stress triggered by METH were dependent on the concentration of the drug. In sum, with the present study we identified for the first time the NPY system, and particularly the Y2R subtype, as a promising target to protect against METH-induced neurovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ventura
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Muga
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Nahvi RJ, Sabban EL. Sex Differences in the Neuropeptide Y System and Implications for Stress Related Disorders. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091248. [PMID: 32867327 PMCID: PMC7564266 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders by intranasal delivery to the brain. However, the vast majority of underlying research has been performed with males despite females being twice as susceptible to many stress-triggered disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, and anxiety disorders. Here, we review sex differences in the NPY system in basal and stressed conditions and how it relates to varied susceptibility to stress-related disorders. The majority of studies demonstrate that NPY expression in many brain areas under basal, unstressed conditions is lower in females than in males. This could put them at a disadvantage in dealing with stress. Knock out animals and Flinders genetic models show that NPY is important for attenuating depression in both sexes, while its effects on anxiety appear more pronounced in males. In females, NPY expression after exposure to stress may depend on age, timing, and nature and duration of the stressors and may be especially pronounced in the catecholaminergic systems. Furthermore, alterations in NPY receptor expression and affinity may contribute to the sex differences in the NPY system. Overall, the review highlights the important role of NPY and sex differences in manifestation of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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8
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Clark CM, Clark RM, Hoyle JA, Dickson TC. Pathogenic or protective? Neuropeptide Y in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2020; 156:273-289. [PMID: 32654149 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous peptide of the central and enteric nervous systems which has gained significant interest as a potential neuroprotective agent for treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and motor neuron loss. In ALS, recent evidence from ALS patients and animal models has indicated that NPY may have a role in the disease pathogenesis. Increased NPY levels were found to correlate with disease progression in ALS patients. Similarly, NPY expression is increased in the motor cortex of ALS mice by end stages of the disease. Although the functional consequence of increased NPY levels in ALS is currently unknown, NPY has been shown to exert a diverse range of neuroprotective roles in other neurodegenerative diseases; through modulation of potassium channel activity, increased production of neurotrophins, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, reduction of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability. Several of these mechanisms and signalling pathways are heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, in this review, we discuss possible effects of NPY and NPY-receptor signalling in the ALS disease context, as determining NPY's contribution to, or impact on, ALS disease mechanisms will be essential for future studies investigating the NPY system as a therapeutic strategy in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rosemary M Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Joshua A Hoyle
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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9
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Li S, Li Y, Deng B, Yan J, Wang Y. Identification of the Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Synergistic Neurotoxicity of an HIV Protease Inhibitor and Methamphetamine. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:290-303. [PMID: 31550215 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190924200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (METH) is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients taking METH and antiretroviral drugs could suffer severe neurologic damage and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To reveal the underlying neuropathologic mechanisms of an HIV protease inhibitor (PI) combined with METH, growth-inhibition tests of dopaminergic cells and RNA sequencing were performed. METHODS A combination of METH and PI caused more growth inhibition of dopaminergic cells than METH alone or a PI alone. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed gene (DEG) patterns in the METH vs. untreated cells (1161 genes), PI vs. untreated cells (16 genes), METH-PI vs. PI (3959 genes), and METH-PI vs. METH groups (14 genes). RESULTS The DEGs in the METH-PI co-treatment group were verified in the brains of a mouse model using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were involved mostly in the regulatory functions of cell proliferation and inflammation. CONCLUSION Such identification of key regulatory genes could facilitate the study of their neuroprotective potential in the users of METH and PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsang Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingpeng Deng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Sabrini S, Russell B, Wang G, Lin J, Kirk I, Curley L. Methamphetamine induces neuronal death: Evidence from rodent studies. Neurotoxicology 2019; 77:20-28. [PMID: 31812708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have consistently observed neuronal death following methamphetamine (MA) administration, however, these have not been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aims to present the evidence for MA-induced neuronal death in animals (rodents) and identify the regions affected. Locating the brain regions in which neuronal death occurs in animal studies will provide valuable insight into the linkage between MA consumption and the structural alterations observed in the human brain. The data were collected from three databases: Scopus, Ovid, and the Web of Science. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two sub-groups, i.e. acute and repeated administration. Twenty-six (of 27) acute and ten (of 11) repeated administration studies observed neuronal death. A meta-analysis was not possible due to different variables between studies, i.e. species, treatment regimens, withdrawal periods, methods of quantification, and regions studied. Acute MA treatment induced neuronal death in the frontal cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra, but not in the hippocampus, whereas repeated MA administration led to neuronal loss in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and striatum. In addition, when animals self-administered the drug, neuronal death was observed at much lower doses than the doses administered by experimenters. There is some overlap in the regions where neuronal death occurred in animals and the identified regions from human studies. For instance, gray matter deficits have been observed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of MA users. The findings presented in this review implicate that not only does MA induce neuronal death in animals, but it also damages the same regions affected in human users. Despite the inter-species differences, animal studies have contributed significantly to addiction research, and are still of great assistance for future research with a more relevant model of compulsive drug use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrini Sabrini
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand.
| | - Bruce Russell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Grace Wang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Joanne Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ian Kirk
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Louise Curley
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 New Zealand.
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11
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Pain S, Vergote J, Gulhan Z, Bodard S, Chalon S, Gaillard A. Inflammatory process in Parkinson disease: neuroprotection by neuropeptide Y. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:544-548. [PMID: 30866091 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigro-striatal pathway. Interestingly, it has already been shown that an intracerebral administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) decreases the neurodegeneration induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rodents and prevents loss of dopamine (DA) and DA transporter density. The etiology of idiopathic PD now suggest that chronic production of inflammatory mediators by activated microglial cells mediates the majority of DA-neuronal tissue destruction. In an animal experimental model of PD, the present study shows that NPY inhibited the activation of microglia evaluated by the binding of the translocator protein (TSPO) ligand [3H]PK11195 in striatum and substantia nigra of 6-OHDA rats. These results suggest a potential role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of the disease and a potential treatment by NPY in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pain
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC)-INSERM U1084, Pôle Biologie-Santé, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jackie Vergote
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Zuhal Gulhan
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Afsaneh Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques (LNEC)-INSERM U1084, Pôle Biologie-Santé, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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12
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Choi MR, Chun JW, Kwak SM, Bang SH, Jin YB, Lee Y, Kim HN, Chang KT, Chai YG, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Effects of acute and chronic methamphetamine administration on cynomolgus monkey hippocampus structure and cellular transcriptome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Gas-phase structural characterization of neuropeptides Y Y1 receptor antagonists using mass spectrometry: Orbitrap vs triple quadrupole. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:227-234. [PMID: 29367160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Collision induced dissociation of triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (CID-QqQ) and high-energy collision dissociation (HCD) of Orbitrap were compared for four neuropeptides Y Y1 (NPY Y1) receptor antagonists and showed similar qualitative fragmentation and structural information. Orbitrap high resolution and high mass accuracy HCD fragmentation spectra allowed unambiguous identification of product ions in the range 0.04-4.25 ppm. Orbitrap mass spectrometry showed abundant analyte-specific product ions also observed on CID-QqQ. These results show the suitability of these product ions for use in quantitative analysis by MRM mode. In addition, it was found that all compounds could be determined at levels >1 μg L-1 using the QqQ instrument and that the detection limits for this analyzer ranged from 0.02 to 0.6 μg L-1. Overall, the results obtained from experiments acquired in QqQ show a good agreement with those acquired from the Orbitrap instrument allowing the use of this relatively inexpensive technique (QqQ) for accurate quantification of these compounds in clinical and academic applications.
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14
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Franklin ZJ, Tsakmaki A, Fonseca Pedro P, King AJ, Huang GC, Amjad S, Persaud SJ, Bewick GA. Islet neuropeptide Y receptors are functionally conserved and novel targets for the preservation of beta-cell mass. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:599-609. [PMID: 28940946 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Two unmet therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment are prevention of beta-cell death and stimulation of beta-cell replication. Our aim was to characterize the role of neuropeptide Y receptors in the control of beta-cell mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used endogenous and selective agonists of the NPY receptor system to explore its role in the prevention of beta-cell apoptosis and proliferation in islets isolated from both mouse and human donors. We further explored the intra-cellular signalling cascades involved, using chemical inhibitors of key signalling pathways. As proof of principle we designed a long-acting analogue of [Leu31 Pro34 ]-NPY, an agonist of the islet-expressed Y receptors, to determine if targeting this system could preserve beta-cell mass in vivo. RESULTS Our data reveal that NPY Y1, 4 and 5 receptor activation engages a generalized and powerful anti-apoptotic pathway that protects mouse and human islets from damage. These anti-apoptotic effects were dependent on stimulating a Gαi-PLC-PKC signalling cascade, which prevented cytokine-induced NFkB signalling. NPY receptor activation functionally protected islets by restoring glucose responsiveness following chemically induced injury in both species. NPY receptor activation attenuated beta-cell apoptosis, preserved functional beta-cell mass and attenuated the hyperglycaemic phenotype in a low-dose streptozotocin model of diabetes. CONCLUSION Taken together, our observations identify the islet Y receptors as promising targets for the preservation of beta-cell mass. As such, targeting these receptors could help to maintain beta-cell mass in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and may also be useful for improving islet transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara J Franklin
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aileen J King
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guo Cai Huang
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sakeena Amjad
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Mohan S, Khan D, Moffett RC, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Oxytocin is present in islets and plays a role in beta-cell function and survival. Peptides 2018; 100:260-268. [PMID: 29274352 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is associated mainly with modulating reproductive function. However, studies suggest that oxytocin also plays a role in endocrine pancreatic function. In the present study, islet expression of oxytocin and its related receptor was confirmed in mouse islets as well as cultured rodent and human beta-cells. Oxytocin significantly stimulated glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Similar insulinotropic actions were also observed in rodent BRIN BD11 and human 1.1B4 beta-cells. Positive effects of oxytocin on insulin secretion were almost fully annulled by the oxytocin receptor antagonist, atosiban. In terms of mechanism of insulin secretory action, oxytocin had no effect on beta-cell membrane potential or cAMP generation, but did augment intracellular calcium concentrations. In vivo administration of oxytocin to mice significantly reduced overall blood glucose levels and increased plasma insulin concentrations in response to a glucose challenge. Oxytocin also had a modest, but significant, appetite suppressive effect. As expected, streptozotocin diabetic mice had marked loss of beta-cell area accompanied by increases in alpha-cell area, whilst hydrocortisone treatment increased beta-cell and overall islet areas. Both mouse models of diabetes presented with dramatically decreased percentage islet oxytocin co-localisation with insulin and increased co-localisation with glucagon. More detailed studies in cultured beta-cell lines revealed direct positive effects of oxytocin on beta-cell proliferation and protection against apoptosis. Together, these data highlight a potentially important role of islet-derived oxytocin and related receptor signalling pathways on the modulation of beta-cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Mohan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dawood Khan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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16
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Shah A, Kumar A. Methamphetamine-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces type-1 programmed cell death in astrocytes via ATF6, IRE1α and PERK pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46100-46119. [PMID: 27323860 PMCID: PMC5216784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant drug has been associated with a variety of neurotoxic effects which are thought to be mediated by induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, oxidative stress and damage to blood-brain-barrier. Conversely, the ER stress-mediated apoptosis has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, its involvement in MA-mediated neurodegenerative effects remains largely unexplored. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of MA on ER stress and its possible involvement in apoptosis. For this purpose, SVGA astrocytes were treated with MA, which induced the expressions of BiP and CHOP at both, mRNA and protein levels. This phenomenon was also confirmed in HFA and various regions of mouse brain. Assessment of IRE1α, ATF6 and PERK pathways further elucidated the mechanistic details underlying MA-mediated ER stress. Knockdown of various intermediate molecules in ER stress pathways using siRNA demonstrated reduction in MA-mediated CHOP. Finally, MA-mediated apoptosis was demonstrated via MTT assay and TUNEL staining. The involvement of ER stress in the apoptosis was demonstrated with the help of MTT and TUNEL assays in the presence of siRNA against various ER stress proteins. The apoptosis also involved activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, which was reversed by knockdown with various siRNAs. Altogether, this is the first report demonstrating mechanistic details responsible for MA-mediated ER stress and its role in apoptosis. This study provides a novel group of targets that can be explored in future for management of MA-mediated cell death and MA-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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17
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Khan D, Vasu S, Moffett RC, Gault VA, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Locally produced xenin and the neurotensinergic system in pancreatic islet function and β-cell survival. Biol Chem 2017; 399:79-92. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractModulation of neuropeptide receptors is important for pancreatic β-cell function. Here, islet distribution and effects of the neurotensin (NT) receptor modulators, xenin and NT, was examined. Xenin, but not NT, significantly improved glucose disposal and insulin secretion, in mice. However, both peptides stimulated insulin secretion from rodent β-cells at 5.6 mmglucose, with xenin having similar insulinotropic actions at 16.7 mmglucose. In contrast, NT inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. Similar observations were made in human 1.1B4 β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Interestingly, similar xenin levels were recorded in pancreatic and small intestinal tissue. Arginine and glucose stimulated xenin release from islets. Streptozotocin treatment decreased and hydrocortisone treatment increased β-cell mass in mice. Xenin co-localisation with glucagon was increased by streptozotocin, but unaltered in hydrocortisone mice. This corresponded to elevated plasma xenin levels in streptozotocin mice. In addition, co-localisation of xenin with insulin was increased by hydrocortisone, and decreased by streptozotocin. Furtherin vitroinvestigations revealed that xenin and NT protected β-cells against streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity. Xenin augmented rodent and human β-cell proliferation, whereas NT displayed proliferative actions only in human β-cells. These data highlight the involvement of NT signalling pathways for the possible modulation of β-cell function.
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18
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Khan D, Vasu S, Moffett RC, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Differential expression of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is involved in pancreatic islet cell adaptations to stress and beta-cell survival. Peptides 2017; 95:68-75. [PMID: 28746825 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have confirmed that locally released proglucagon derived gene products, other than glucagon, have a major influence on pancreatic endocrine function. We assessed the impact of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on beta-cell secretory function, proliferation and apoptosis, as well as glucose tolerance, feeding behaviour and islet adaptions to chemically-induced insulin deficiency and resistance. The GLP-2 receptor was evidenced on cultured rodent and human beta-cells, rodent alpha-cells and isolated mouse islets. GLP-2 had no effect on insulin secretion from beta-cells, or isolated mouse islets. In vivo, GLP-2 administration significantly (P<0.05 to P<0.01) decreased food intake in mice. Conversely, GLP-2 had no discernible effects on glucose disposal or insulin secretion. As expected, streptozotocin treatment decreased and hydrocortisone increased beta-cell mass in mice. GLP-2 was visualised in mouse islets and intestinal L-cells. Islet GLP-2 co-localisation with glucagon was significantly decreased (P<0.01) by both streptozotocin and hydrocortisone. In contrast, both interventions increased (P<0.05) co-localisation of GLP-2 with somatostatin. Interestingly, GLP-2 positive cells were reduced (P<0.05) in the intestines of streptozotocin, but not hydrocortisone, treated mice. Further in vitro investigations revealed that GLP-2 protected rodent and human 1.1B4 beta-cells against streptozotocin induced DNA damage. Furthermore, GLP-2 augmented (P<0.05) BRIN BD11 beta-cell proliferation, but was less efficacious in 1.1B4 cells. These data highlight the involvement of GLP-2 receptor signalling in the adaptations to pancreatic islet cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Srividya Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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19
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Robinson SL, Thiele TE. The Role of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in Alcohol and Drug Abuse Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 136:177-197. [PMID: 29056151 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuromodulator that is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and which is cosecreted with classic neurotransmitters including GABA and glutamate. There is a long history of research implicating a role for NPY in modulating neurobiological responses to alcohol (ethanol) as well as other drugs of abuse. Both ethanol exposure and withdrawal from chronic ethanol have been shown to produce changes in NPY and NPY receptor protein levels and mRNA expression in the CNS. Importantly, manipulations of NPY Y1 and Y2 receptor signaling have been shown to alter ethanol consumption and self-administration in a brain region-specific manner, with Y1 receptor activation and Y2 receptor blockade in regions of the extended amygdala promoting robust reductions of ethanol intake. Similar observations have been made in studies examining neurobiological responses to nicotine, psychostimulants, and opioids. When taken together with observations of potential genetic linkage between the NPY system and the human alcohol abuse disorders, NPY represents a promising target for treating problematic alcohol and drug use, and in protecting individuals from relapse during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Robinson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd E Thiele
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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20
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Liu Q, Hazan A, Grinman E, Angulo JA. Pharmacological activation of the neurotensin receptor 1 abrogates the methamphetamine-induced striatal apoptosis in the mouse brain. Brain Res 2017; 1659:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Sanchez AB, Kaul M. Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7030025. [PMID: 28241493 PMCID: PMC5366824 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic upon long-term exposure. In addition, abuse of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), seems to compromise antiretroviral therapy and aggravate HAND. However, the combined effect of virus and recreational and therapeutic drugs on the brain is still incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence suggest a shared critical role of oxidative stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis and autophagy in promotion and prevention of neuronal dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection, cART and psychostimulant use. In this review, we present a synopsis of recent work related to neuronal stress and injury induced by HIV infection, antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the highly addictive psychostimulant METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Sanchez
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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22
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Domin H, Przykaza Ł, Jantas D, Kozniewska E, Boguszewski PM, Śmiałowska M. Neuropeptide Y Y2 and Y5 receptors as promising targets for neuroprotection in primary neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and in transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 2017; 344:305-325. [PMID: 28057538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It was postulated that neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic system could be involved in the ischemic pathophysiology, however, the role of particular subtypes of NPY receptors (YRs) in neuroprotection against ischemia is still not well known. Therefore, we investigated the effect of NPY and YR ligands using in vitro and in vivo experimental ischemic stroke models. Our in vitro findings showed that NPY (0.5-1μM) and specific agonists of Y2R (0.1-1μM) and Y5R (0.5-1μM) but not that of Y1R produced neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal cell death, being also effective when given 30min after the end of OGD. The neuroprotective effects of Y2R and Y5R agonists were reversed by appropriate antagonists. Neuroprotection mediated by NPY, Y2R and Y5R agonists was accompanied by the inhibition of both OGD-induced calpain activation and glutamate release. Data from in vivo studies demonstrated that Y2R agonist (10μg/6μl; i.c.v.) not only diminished the infarct volume in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) but also improved selected gait parameters in CatWalk behavioral test, being also effective after delayed treatment. Moreover, we found that a Y5R agonist (10μg/6μl; i.c.v.) did not reduce MCAO-evoked brain damage but improved stride length, when it was given 30min after starting the occlusion. In conclusion, our studies indicate that Y5 and especially Y2 receptors may be promising targets for neuroprotection against ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Przykaza
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Pawińskiego Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Jantas
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozniewska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery, Pawińskiego Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Pawińskiego Street 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M Boguszewski
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Neurobiology Centre, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Śmiałowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343 Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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23
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Khan D, Vasu S, Moffett RC, Irwin N, Flatt PR. Islet distribution of Peptide YY and its regulatory role in primary mouse islets and immortalised rodent and human beta-cell function and survival. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:102-13. [PMID: 27465830 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the classic gut peptide, Peptide YY (PYY), could play a fundamental role in endocrine pancreatic function. In the present study expression of PYY and its NPY receptors on mouse islets and immortalised rodent and human beta-cells was examined together with the effects of both major circulating forms of PYY, namely PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36), on beta-cell function, murine islet adaptions to insulin deficiency/resistance, as well as direct effects on cultured beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis. In vivo administration of PYY(3-36), but not PYY(1-36), markedly (p < 0.05) decreased food intake in overnight fasted mice. Neither form of PYY affected glucose disposal or insulin secretion following an i.p. glucose challenge. However, in vitro, PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36) inhibited (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) glucose, alanine and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion from immortalised rodent and human beta-cells, as well as isolated mouse islets, by impeding alterations in membrane potential, [Ca(2+)]i and elevations of cAMP. Mice treated with multiple low dose streptozotocin presented with severe (p < 0.01) loss of beta-cell mass accompanied by notable increases (p < 0.001) in alpha and PP cell numbers. In contrast, hydrocortisone-induced insulin resistance increased islet number (p < 0.01) and beta-cell mass (p < 0.001). PYY expression was consistently observed in alpha-, PP- and delta-, but not beta-cells. Streptozotocin decreased islet PYY co-localisation with PP (p < 0.05) and somatostatin (p < 0.001), whilst hydrocortisone increased PYY co-localisation with glucagon (p < 0.05) in mice. More detailed in vitro investigations revealed that both forms of PYY augmented (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) immortalised human and rodent beta-cell proliferation and protected against streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity, to a similar or superior extent as the well characterised beta-cell proliferative and anti-apoptotic agent GLP-1. Taken together, these data highlight the significance and potential offered by modulation of pancreatic islet NPY receptor signalling pathways for preservation of beta-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Khan
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Srividya Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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24
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Zuloaga DG, Wang J, Weber S, Mark GP, Murphy SJ, Raber J. Chronic methamphetamine exposure prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion increases infarct volume and worsens cognitive injury in Male mice. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:975-81. [PMID: 27021292 PMCID: PMC5940345 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that methamphetamine (MA) abuse can impact cardiovascular disease. In humans, MA abuse is associated with an increased risk of stroke as well as an earlier age at which the stroke occurs. However, little is known about how chronic daily MA exposure can impact ischemic outcome in either humans or animal models. In the present study, mice were injected with MA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline once daily for 10 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the final injection, mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for one hour followed by reperfusion. Mice were tested for novel object memory at 96 h post-reperfusion, just prior to removal of brains for quantification of infarct volume using 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining. Mice treated with MA prior to tMCAO showed decreased object memory recognition and increased infarct volume compared to saline-treated mice. These findings indicate that chronic MA exposure can worsen both cognitive and morphological outcomes following cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian G Zuloaga
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW S Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| | - Jianming Wang
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sydney Weber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW S Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gregory P Mark
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW S Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Stephanie J Murphy
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW S Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW S Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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25
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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 95:210-24. [PMID: 27461050 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Studies in both humans and rodent models revealed that brain NPY levels are altered in some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Machado-Joseph disease. In this review, we will focus on the roles of NPY in the pathological mechanisms of these disorders, highlighting NPY as a neuroprotective agent, as a neural stem cell proliferative agent, as an agent that increases trophic support, as a stimulator of autophagy and as an inhibitor of excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the effect of NPY in some clinical manifestations commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Machado-Joseph disease, such as depressive symptoms and body weight loss, are also discussed. In conclusion, this review highlights NPY system as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Gonçalves J, Martins J, Baptista S, Ambrósio AF, Silva AP. Effects of drugs of abuse on the central neuropeptide Y system. Addict Biol 2016; 21:755-65. [PMID: 25904345 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely expressed in the central nervous system is involved in several neuropathologies including addiction. Here we comprehensively and systematically review alterations on the central NPY system induced by several drugs. We report on the effects of psychostimulants [cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and nicotine], ethanol, and opioids on NPY protein levels and expression of different NPY receptors. Overall, expression and function of NPY and its receptors are changed under conditions of drug exposure, thus affecting several physiologic behaviors, such as feeding, stress and anxiety. Drugs of abuse differentially affect the components of the NPY system. For example methamphetamine and nicotine lead to a consistent increase in NPY mRNA and protein levels in different brain sites whereas ethanol and opioids decrease NPY mRNA and protein expression. Drug-induced alterations on the different NPY receptors show more complex regulation pattern. Manipulation of the NPY system can have opposing effects on reinforcing and addictive properties of drugs of abuse. NPY can produce pro-addictive effects (nicotine and heroin), but can also exert inhibitory effects on addictive behavior (AMPH, ethanol). Furthermore, NPY can act as a neuroprotective agent in chronically methamphetamine and MDMA-treated rodents. In conclusion, manipulation of the NPY system seems to be a potential target to counteract neural alterations, addiction-related behaviors and cognitive deficits induced by these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Sofia Baptista
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI); Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI); University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology-Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit; University of Coimbra; Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Portugal
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Lu Y, Ho RCM. An association between neuropeptide Y levels and leukocyte subsets in stress-exacerbated asthmatic mice. Neuropeptides 2016; 57:53-8. [PMID: 26673939 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was recently proposed to be associated with stress and airway inflammation; however, this has rarely been studied in animal models of asthma. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 each: naive control group, asthma group (with an established asthma model), and stressed asthma group (with established asthma and stress models). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected for total cell counts using a hemocytometer and for cytological examinations by Wright stain. Differential inflammatory cell counts were performed to identify eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. NPY and corticosterone serum levels were determined with enzyme immunoassay kits. Stress was associated with increased airway inflammatory response, which was manifested by the accumulation of total leukocytes and eosinophils in the BAL fluid in comparison with the asthma and the control groups. The levels of NPY (p<0.05) and corticosterone (p<0.01) were elevated in the stressed asthma group in comparison with the control and asthma groups. The concentration of NPY and corticosterone positively correlated with the total leukocyte count (r=0.892, p<0.05 and r=0.937, p<0.01 respectively) and eosinophil numbers (r=0.806, p=0.053 and r=0.885, p<0.01 respectively). Stress may be associated with elevated peripheral NPY level, which was observed to be associated with exacerbated airway inflammation in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry/School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Roger Chun-Man Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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Santos-Carvalho A, Ambrósio AF, Cavadas C. Neuropeptide Y system in the retina: From localization to function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 47:19-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Farzi A, Reichmann F, Holzer P. The homeostatic role of neuropeptide Y in immune function and its impact on mood and behaviour. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:603-27. [PMID: 25545642 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant peptides in the nervous system, exerts its effects via five receptor types, termed Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6. NPY's pleiotropic functions comprise the regulation of brain activity, mood, stress coping, ingestion, digestion, metabolism, vascular and immune function. Nerve-derived NPY directly affects immune cells while NPY also acts as a paracrine and autocrine immune mediator, because immune cells themselves are capable of producing and releasing NPY. NPY is able to induce immune activation or suppression, depending on a myriad of factors such as the Y receptors activated and cell types involved. There is an intricate relationship between psychological stress, mood disorders and the immune system. While stress represents a risk factor for the development of mood disorders, it exhibits diverse actions on the immune system as well. Conversely, inflammation is regarded as an internal stressor and is increasingly recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of mood and metabolic disorders. Intriguingly, the cerebral NPY system has been found to protect against distinct disturbances in response to immune challenge, attenuating the sickness response and preventing the development of depression. Thus, NPY plays an important homeostatic role in balancing disturbances of physiological systems caused by peripheral immune challenge. This implication is particularly evident in the brain in which NPY counteracts the negative impact of immune challenge on mood, emotional processing and stress resilience. NPY thus acts as a unique signalling molecule in the interaction of the immune system with the brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Farzi
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - F. Reichmann
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - P. Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
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30
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On the relevance of the NPY2-receptor variation for modes of action cascading processes. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:558-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Omonijo O, Wongprayoon P, Ladenheim B, McCoy MT, Govitrapong P, Jayanthi S, Cadet JL. Differential effects of binge methamphetamine injections on the mRNA expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the rat striatum. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:178-84. [PMID: 25452209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder is characterized by recurrent binge episodes. Humans addicted to methamphetamine experience various degrees of cognitive deficits and show evidence of neurodegenerative processes in the brain. Binge injections of METH to rodents also cause significant toxic changes in the brain. In addition, this pattern of METH injections can alter gene expression in the dorsal striatum. Gene expression is regulated, in part, by histone deacetylation. We thus tested the possibility that METH toxic doses might cause changes in the mRNA levels of histone deacetylases (HDACs). We found that METH did produce significant decreases in the mRNA expression of HDAC8, which is a class I HDAC. METH also decreased expression of HDAC6, HDAC9, and HDAC10 that are class II HDACs. The expression of the class IV HDAC, HDAC11, was also suppressed by METH. The expression of Sirt2, Sirt5, and Sirt6 that are members of class III HDACs was also downregulated by METH injections. Our findings implicate changes in HDAC expression may be an early indicator of impending METH-induced neurotoxicity in the striatum. This idea is consistent with the accumulated evidence that some HDACs are involved in neurodegenerative processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Omonijo
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Pawaris Wongprayoon
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Michael T McCoy
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Papathanassoglou EDE, Mpouzika MDA, Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E, Middleton N, Boti S, Karabinis A. Pilot Investigation of the Association Between Serum Stress Neuropeptide Levels and Lymphocyte Expression of Fas and Fas Ligand in Critical Illness. Biol Res Nurs 2014; 17:285-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800414542871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In critical illness, apoptotic loss of immunocytes is associated with immunosuppression. Aim: To explore expression of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) on B and T cells from critically ill patients without sepsis compared to matched controls and associations with disease severity and neuropeptide Y (NPY), cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and prolactin (PRL) levels. Methods: Repeated-measures correlational design with 36 critically ill patients (14-day follow-up) and 36 controls. Disease severity was assessed using the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) and Multi Organ Failure scale. Fas/FasL values were standardized for viable cell counts. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NPY) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (cortisol, ACTH, and PRL) were employed. Results: Fas and FasL expression on T-helper ( p < .0001–.03) and T-cytotoxic cells ( p < .0001–.002) and Fas expression on B cells ( p < .0001–.03) were higher in patients. MODS severity was associated with FasL expression on cytotoxic T cells ( r = .752–.902, p = .023–.037). There was an inverse association between Day 1 NPY levels and Fas expression on T-helper cells ( r = −.447, p = .019). On the day of maximum severity, we report for the first time an inverse association between NPY levels and FasL expression on helper ( r = −.733, p = .016) and cytotoxic ( r = −.862, p = .003) T cells. Cortisol levels were positively associated with counts of FasL-positive helper ( r = .828) and cytotoxic ( r = .544, p < .05) T cells. Conclusion: Results suggest a potential role for stress neuropeptides in lymphocyte survival and activation in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meropi D. A. Mpouzika
- Department of Nursing B, Faculty of Health and Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Egaleo, Greece
| | | | - Evangelos Bozas
- University of Athens, School of Nursing, Athens, Hellas, Greece
| | - Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Sofia Boti
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Persaud SJ, Bewick GA. Peptide YY: more than just an appetite regulator. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1762-9. [PMID: 24917132 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Replenishment of beta cell mass is a key aim of novel therapeutic interventions for diabetes, and the implementation of new strategies will be aided by understanding the mechanisms employed to regulate beta cell mass under normal physiological conditions. We have recently identified a new role for the gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) and the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor systems in the control of beta cell survival. PYY is perhaps best known for its role in regulating appetite and body weight, but its production by islet cells, the presence of NPY receptors on islets and the demonstration that Y1 activation causes proliferation of beta cells and protects them from apoptosis, suggest a role for this peptide in modulating beta cell mass. This review introduces PYY and its potential role in glucose homeostasis, then focuses on evidence supporting the concept that PYY and NPY receptors are exciting new targets for the preservation of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta J Persaud
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Angelucci F, Gelfo F, Fiore M, Croce N, Mathé AA, Bernardini S, Caltagirone C. The effect of neuropeptide Y on cell survival and neurotrophin expression in in-vitro models of Alzheimer's disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:621-30. [PMID: 25026432 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormally folded protein fragments in neurons, i.e., β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein, leading to cell death. Several neuropeptides present in the central nervous system (CNS) are believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Among them, neuropeptide Y (NPY), a small peptide widely distributed throughout the brain, has generated interest because of its role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in animal models of AD. In addition, it has been shown that NPY modulates neurogenesis. Interestingly, these latter effects are similar to those elicited by neurotrophins, which are critical molecules for the function and survival of neurons that degenerate during the course of AD. In this review we summarize the evidence for the involvement of NPY and neurotrophins in AD pathogenesis, and the similarity between them in CNS neurons. Finally, we recapitulate our recent in-vitro evidence for the involvement of neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the neuroprotective effect elicited by NPY in AD neuron-like models (neuroblastoma cells or primary cultures exposed to toxic concentrations of Aβ's pathogenic fragment 25-35), and propose a putative mechanism based on NPY-induced inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx in pre- and post-synaptic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- a Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 354, 00142 Rome, Italy
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Hofford RS, Darna M, Wilmouth CE, Dwoskin LP, Bardo MT. Environmental enrichment reduces methamphetamine cue-induced reinstatement but does not alter methamphetamine reward or VMAT2 function. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:151-8. [PMID: 24821405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors influence a variety of health-related outcomes. In general, being raised in an environment possessing social, sensory, and motor enrichment reduces the rewarding effects of various drugs, thus protecting against abuse vulnerability. However, in the case of methamphetamine (METH), which acts at the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) to enhance dopamine release from the cytosol, previous evidence suggests that METH reward may not be altered by environmental enrichment. This study examined the influence of an enriched environment on measures of METH reward, METH seeking, and VMAT2 function. Rats were raised from weaning to adulthood in either an enriched environment (presence of social cohorts and novel objects) or an isolated environment (no cohorts or novel objects). Rats in these two conditions were subsequently tested for their acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP), METH self-administration, maintenance of self-administration at various unit doses of METH (0.001-0.5mg/kg/infusion), and cue-induced reinstatement. VMAT2 function in striatum from these two groups also was assessed. No significant environment effects were found in CPP or METH self-administration, which paralleled a lack of effect in VMAT2 function between groups. However, cue-induced reinstatement was reduced by environmental enrichment. Together, these results suggest that environmental enrichment does not alter VMAT2 function involved in METH reward. However, the enrichment-induced decrease in cue-induced reinstatement indicates that enrichment may have a beneficial effect against relapse following a period of extinction via a neural mechanism other than striatal VMAT2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mahesh Darna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Carrie E Wilmouth
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Nader J, Rapino C, Gennequin B, Chavant F, Francheteau M, Makriyannis A, Duranti A, Maccarrone M, Solinas M, Thiriet N. Prior stimulation of the endocannabinoid system prevents methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the striatum through activation of CB2 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2014; 87:214-21. [PMID: 24709540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine toxicity is associated with cell death and loss of dopamine neuron terminals in the striatum similar to what is found in some neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been suggested to be neuroprotective in the brain, and new pharmacological tools have been developed to increase their endogenous tone. In this study, we evaluated whether ECS stimulation could reduce the neurotoxicity of high doses of methamphetamine on the dopamine system. We found that methamphetamine alters the levels of the major endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in the striatum, suggesting that the ECS participates in the brain responses to methamphetamine. Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabis-derived agonist of both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, or inhibitors of the main enzymes responsible for the degradation of AEA and 2-AG (URB597 and JZL184, respectively), blunted the decrease in striatal protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase induced by methamphetamine. In addition, antagonists of CB2, but not of CB1, blocked the preventive effects of URB597 and JZL184, suggesting that only the former receptor subtype is engaged in neuroprotection exerted by ECS stimulation. Finally, we found that methamphetamine increases striatal levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, an effect that was blocked by ECS stimulation. Altogether, our results indicate that stimulation of ECS prior to the administration of an overdose of methamphetamine considerably reduces the neurotoxicity of the drug through CB2 receptor activation and highlight a protective function for the ECS against the toxicity induced by drugs and other external insults to the brain. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Benzodioxoles/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Carbamates/pharmacology
- Central Nervous System Stimulants/toxicity
- Dronabinol/pharmacology
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Glycerides/metabolism
- Male
- Methamphetamine/toxicity
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes/prevention & control
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Nader
- INSERM, U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology of Addiction, F-86022 Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, U1084, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Cinzia Rapino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Benjamin Gennequin
- INSERM, U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology of Addiction, F-86022 Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, U1084, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Francois Chavant
- University of Poitiers, U1084, F-86022 Poitiers, France; Pharmacology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Maureen Francheteau
- INSERM, U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology of Addiction, F-86022 Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, U1084, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 35, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Solinas
- INSERM, U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology of Addiction, F-86022 Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, U1084, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Thiriet
- INSERM, U1084, Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Neurobiology and Neuropharmacology of Addiction, F-86022 Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, U1084, F-86022 Poitiers, France.
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The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, potentiates the glial response and cell death induced by methamphetamine in the mouse striatum. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:235-46. [PMID: 24103647 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the selective Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) inhibitor, (SP600125) on the striatal dopamine nerve terminal loss and on the increased interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression and glial response induced by methamphetamine (METH). Mice were given repeated low doses of METH (4 mg/kg, i.p., three times separated by 3 h) and killed 24 h or 7 d after the last dose. SP600125 (30 mg/kg, i.p) was administered 30 min before the last METH injection. Results indicate that METH produced dopaminergic axonal neurotoxicity reflected as a marked decrease in the striatal density of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) fibres and dopamine transporter-immunoreactivity (DAT-ir) 24 h after dosing. These effects were not modified by SP600125. This compound also failed to prevent the long-term loss of dopamine levels and DAT observed 7 d following METH injection. Nevertheless, SP600125 potentiated METH-induced striatal cell loss reflected by an increase in Fluoro-Jade immunostaining, cleaved capase-3 immunoreactivity and the number of terminal deoxyncleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) positive cells. In line with a deleterious effect of JNK1/2 inhibition, SP600125 increased the astroglial and microglial response induced by METH and interfered with drug-induced IL-15 expression. Together these data indicate that, not only does SP600125 fail to protect against the dopaminergic damage induced by METH but also, in fact, it potentiates the glial response and the non-dopaminergic striatal cell loss caused by the drug.
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Borbély E, Scheich B, Helyes Z. Neuropeptides in learning and memory. Neuropeptides 2013; 47:439-50. [PMID: 24210137 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dementia conditions and memory deficits of different origins (vascular, metabolic and primary neurodegenerative such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) are getting more common and greater clinical problems recently in the aging population. Since the presently available cognitive enhancers have very limited therapeutical applications, there is an emerging need to elucidate the complex pathophysiological mechanisms, identify key mediators and novel targets for future drug development. Neuropeptides are widely distributed in brain regions responsible for learning and memory processes with special emphasis on the hippocampus, amygdala and the basal forebrain. They form networks with each other, and also have complex interactions with the cholinergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic and GABA-ergic pathways. This review summarizes the extensive experimental data in the well-established rat and mouse models, as well as the few clinical results regarding the expression and the roles of the tachykinin system, somatostatin and the closely related cortistatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), opioid peptides and galanin. Furthermore, the main receptorial targets, mechanisms and interactions are described in order to highlight the possible therapeutical potentials. Agents not only symptomatically improving the functional impairments, but also inhibiting the progression of the neurodegenerative processes would be breakthroughs in this area. The most promising mechanisms determined at the level of exploratory investigations in animal models of cognitive disfunctions are somatostatin sst4, NPY Y2, PACAP-VIP VPAC1, tachykinin NK3 and galanin GALR2 receptor agonisms, as well as delta opioid receptor antagonism. Potent and selective non-peptide ligands with good CNS penetration are needed for further characterization of these molecular pathways to complete the preclinical studies and decide if any of the above described targets could be appropriate for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Neuropeptide Y receptors activation protects rat retinal neural cells against necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by glutamate. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e636. [PMID: 23681231 PMCID: PMC3674367 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been claimed that glutamate excitotoxicity might have a role in the pathogenesis of several retinal degenerative diseases, including glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has neuroprotective properties against excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, through the activation of Y1, Y2 and/or Y5 receptors. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the potential protective role of NPY against glutamate-induced toxicity in rat retinal cells (in vitro and in an animal model), unraveling the NPY receptors and intracellular mechanisms involved. Rat retinal neural cell cultures were prepared from newborn Wistar rats (P3-P5) and exposed to glutamate (500 μM) for 24 h. Necrotic cell death was evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) assay and apoptotic cell death using TUNEL and caspase-3 assays. The cell types present in culture were identified by immunocytochemistry. The involvement of NPY receptors was assessed using selective agonists and antagonists. Pre-treatment of cells with NPY (100 nM) inhibited both necrotic cell death (PI-positive cells) and apoptotic cell death (TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 3-positive cells) triggered by glutamate, with the neurons being the cells most strongly affected. The activation of NPY Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors inhibited necrotic cell death, while apoptotic cell death was only prevented by the activation of NPY Y5 receptor. Moreover, NPY neuroprotective effect was mediated by the activation of PKA and p38K. In the animal model, NPY (2.35 nmol) was intravitreally injected 2 h before glutamate (500 nmol) injection into the vitreous. The protective role of NPY was assessed 24 h after glutamate (or saline) injection by TUNEL assay and Brn3a (marker of ganglion cells) immunohistochemistry. NPY inhibited the increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the decrease in the number of Brn3a-positive cells induced by glutamate. In conclusion, NPY and NPY receptors can be considered potential targets to treat retinal degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
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Congenital abnormality effect of methamphetamine on histological, cellular and chromosomal defects in fetal mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2013; 11:39-46. [PMID: 24639691 PMCID: PMC3941384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent psychomotor stimulant with high abuse and addictive potential. MA is a neurotoxic drug which is widely abused by females of childbearing age, raising serious public health concerns in terms of exposure of the fetus to the drug. Neurotoxic effects of MA on adult are well known, such as dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration and cell death in regions of brain in some doses. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we examined effect of prenatal MA exposure on mouse fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, forty 8-12 week-old NMRI female mice were used which were mated with male mice in serial days. When sperm plug was observed it was designated as gestational day (GD) 0. Pregnant mice were individually housed in plastic cages. Pregnant mice were divided into four groups: in first group 10 mg/kg /day MA, in second group 5 mg/kg /day MA and in third group saline were injected subcutaneously from GD 6 to GD 14, corresponding to organogenesis period, while fourth or control group were without injection. On GD 14 fetuses were removed and accomplished chromosome preparation from fetal liver. Then fetal were fixed in formalin for brain hematoxilin and eosine staining and TUNEL assay. RESULTS We observed morphological abnormality including exencephal fetus in 5mg/kg MA group and premature fetuses in 10 mg/kg MA group. Also brain histological study showed subarachnoid hemorrhage in fetal brain in both experimental groups. Fetal liver karyotyping analysis was normal in fetuses of all groups and TUNEL assay in fetal striatum did not show significant difference in number of apoptotic cells between groups. CONCLUSION From our results, it could be concluded that chronic abuse of MA by pregnant females during organogenesis period can cause teratogenic effect and brain hemorrage in fetus.
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Malva JO, Xapelli S, Baptista S, Valero J, Agasse F, Ferreira R, Silva AP. Multifaces of neuropeptide Y in the brain--neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:299-308. [PMID: 23116540 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the modulation of important features of neuronal physiology, including calcium homeostasis, neurotransmitter release and excitability. Moreover, NPY has been involved as an important modulator of hippocampal and thalamic circuits, receiving particular attention as an endogenous antiepileptic peptide and as a potential master regulator of feeding behavior. NPY not only inhibits excessive glutamate release (decreasing circuitry hyperexcitability) but also protects neurons from excitotoxic cell death. Furthermore, NPY has been involved in the modulation of the dynamics of dentate gyrus and subventricular zone neural stem cell niches. In both regions, NPY is part of the chemical resource of the neurogenic niche and acts through NPY Y1 receptors to promote neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, NPY is also considered a neuroimmune messenger. In this review, we highlight recent evidences concerning paracrine/autocrine actions of NPY involved in neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. In summary, the three faces of NPY, discussed in the present review, may contribute to better understand the dynamics and cell fate decision in the brain parenchyma and in restricted areas of neurogenic niches, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Malva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gonçalves J, Baptista S, Olesen MV, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Malva JO, Woldbye DP, Silva AP. Methamphetamine-induced changes in the mice hippocampal neuropeptide Y system: implications for memory impairment. J Neurochem 2012; 123:1041-53. [PMID: 23061411 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that causes irreversible brain damage leading to several neurological and psychiatric abnormalities, including cognitive deficits. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is abundant in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and has several important functions, being involved in learning and memory processing. It has been demonstrated that METH induces significant alteration in mice striatal NPY, Y(1) and Y(2) receptor mRNA levels. However, the impact of this drug on the hippocampal NPY system and its consequences remain unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of METH intoxication on mouse hippocampal NPY levels, NPY receptors function, and memory performance. Results show that METH increased NPY, Y(2) and Y(5) receptor mRNA levels, as well as total NPY binding accounted by opposite up- and down-regulation of Y(2) and Y(1) functional binding, respectively. Moreover, METH-induced impairment in memory performance and AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway were both prevented by the Y(2) receptor antagonist, BIIE0246. These findings demonstrate that METH interferes with the hippocampal NPY system, which seems to be associated with memory failure. Overall, we concluded that Y(2) receptors are involved in memory deficits induced by METH intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Yarosh HL, Angulo JA. Modulation of methamphetamine-induced nitric oxide production by neuropeptide Y in the murine striatum. Brain Res 2012; 1483:31-8. [PMID: 22982589 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent stimulant that induces both acute and long-lasting neurochemical changes in the brain including neuronal cell loss. Our laboratory demonstrated that the neuropeptide substance P enhances the striatal METH-induced production of nitric oxide (NO). In order to better understand the role of the striatal neuropeptides on the METH-induced production of NO, we used agonists and antagonists of the NPY (Y1R and Y2R) receptors infused via intrastriatal microinjection followed by a bolus of METH (30 mg/kg, ip) and measured 3-NT immunofluorescence, an indirect index of NO production. One striatum received pharmacological agent while the contralateral striatum received aCSF and served as control. NPY receptor agonists dose dependently attenuated the METH-induced production of striatal 3-NT. Conversely, NPY receptor antagonists had the opposite effect. Moreover, METH induced the accumulation of cyclic GMP and activated caspase-3 in approximately 18% of striatal neurons, a phenomenon that was attenuated by pre-treatment with NPY2 receptor agonist. Lastly, METH increased the levels of striatal preproneuropeptide Y mRNA nearly five-fold 16 h after injection as determined by RT-PCR, suggesting increased utilization of the neuropeptide. In conclusion, NPY inhibits the METH-induced production of NO in striatal tissue. Consequently, production of this second messenger induces the accumulation of cyclic GMP and activated caspase-3 in some striatal neurons, an event that may precede the apoptosis of some striatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Yarosh
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, Department of Biological Sciences, 695 Park Avenue, 10021 New York, NY, USA
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Gonçalves J, Ribeiro CF, Malva JO, Silva AP. Protective role of neuropeptide Y Y2receptors in cell death and microglial response following methamphetamine injury. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:3173-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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45
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Baptista S, Bento AR, Gonçalves J, Bernardino L, Summavielle T, Lobo A, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Malva JO, Agasse F, Silva AP. Neuropeptide Y promotes neurogenesis and protection against methamphetamine-induced toxicity in mouse dentate gyrus-derived neurosphere cultures. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:2413-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Martin TA, Jayanthi S, McCoy MT, Brannock C, Ladenheim B, Garrett T, Lehrmann E, Becker KG, Cadet JL. Methamphetamine causes differential alterations in gene expression and patterns of histone acetylation/hypoacetylation in the rat nucleus accumbens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34236. [PMID: 22470541 PMCID: PMC3314616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is associated with several neuropsychiatric symptoms. Little is known about the effects of METH on gene expression and epigenetic modifications in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAC). Our study investigated the effects of a non-toxic METH injection (20 mg/kg) on gene expression, histone acetylation, and the expression of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT), ATF2, and of the histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC1 and HDAC2, in that structure. Microarray analyses done at 1, 8, 16 and 24 hrs after the METH injection identified METH-induced changes in the expression of genes previously implicated in the acute and longterm effects of psychostimulants, including immediate early genes and corticotropin-releasing factor (Crf). In contrast, the METH injection caused time-dependent decreases in the expression of other genes including Npas4 and cholecystokinin (Cck). Pathway analyses showed that genes with altered expression participated in behavioral performance, cell-to-cell signaling, and regulation of gene expression. PCR analyses confirmed the changes in the expression of c-fos, fosB, Crf, Cck, and Npas4 transcripts. To determine if the METH injection caused post-translational changes in histone markers, we used western blot analyses and identified METH-mediated decreases in histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and lysine 18 (H3K18ac) in nuclear sub-fractions. In contrast, the METH injection caused time-dependent increases in acetylated H4K5 and H4K8. The changes in histone acetylation were accompanied by decreased expression of HDAC1 but increased expression of HDAC2 protein levels. The histone acetyltransferase, ATF2, showed significant METH-induced increased in protein expression. These results suggest that METH-induced alterations in global gene expression seen in rat NAC might be related, in part, to METH-induced changes in histone acetylation secondary to changes in HAT and HDAC expression. The causal role that HATs and HDACs might play in METH-induced gene expression needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Martin
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIH/NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Afanador L, Yarosh H, Wang J, Ali SF, Angulo JA. Contrasting Effects of the Neuropeptides Substance P, Somatostatin, and Neuropeptide Y on the Methamphetamine-Induced Production of Striatal Nitric Oxide in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1. [PMID: 25383232 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/235604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several laboratories have shown that methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity is associated with increases of nitric oxide (NO) production in striatal tissue and blockade of NO production protects from METH. Because substance P modulates NO production, we tested the hypothesis that intrinsic striatal neuropeptides such as somatostatin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulate striatal NO production in the presence of METH. To that end, METH (30 mg/kg, IP) was injected into adult male mice alone or in combination with pharmacological agonists or antagonists of the neurokinin-1 (substance P), somatostatin or NPY receptors and 3-nitrotyrosine (an indirect index of NO production) was assessed utilizing HPLC or a histological method. Pre-treatment with the systemic neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist WIN-51,708 significantly attenuated the METH-induced production of striatal 3-NT measured at two hours post-METH. Conversely, intrastriatal injection of NPY1 or 2 receptor agonists inhibited the METH-induced production of striatal 3-NT. Similarly, intrastriatal infusion of the somatostatin receptor agonist octreotide attenuated the METH-induced striatal production of 3-NT. Taken together, our results suggest the hypothesis that the neuropeptide substance P is pro-damage while the neuropeptides somatostatin and NPY are anti-damage in the presence of METH by targeting the production of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriaselle Afanador
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10021, USA ; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Haley Yarosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10021, USA ; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10021, USA ; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jesus A Angulo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10021, USA ; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Beauvais G, Atwell K, Jayanthi S, Ladenheim B, Cadet JL. Involvement of dopamine receptors in binge methamphetamine-induced activation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress pathways. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28946. [PMID: 22174933 PMCID: PMC3236770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Single large doses of methamphetamine (METH) cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions in rodent striata. The dopamine D1 receptor appears to be involved in these METH-mediated stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate if dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are involved in ER and mitochondrial stresses caused by single-day METH binges in the rat striatum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 4 injections of 10 mg/kg of METH alone or in combination with a putative D1 or D2 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 or raclopride, respectively, given 30 min prior to each METH injection. Rats were euthanized at various timepoints afterwards. Striatal tissues were used in quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses. We found that binge METH injections caused increased expression of the pro-survival genes, BiP/GRP-78 and P58IPK, in a SCH23390-sensitive manner. METH also caused up-regulation of ER-stress genes, Atf2, Atf3, Atf4, CHOP/Gadd153 and Gadd34. The expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) was increased after METH injections. SCH23390 completely blocked induction in all analyzed ER stress-related proteins that included ATF3, ATF4, CHOP/Gadd153, HSPs and caspase-12. The dopamine D2-like antagonist, raclopride, exerted small to moderate inhibitory influence on some METH-induced changes in ER stress proteins. Importantly, METH caused decreases in the mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, but increases in the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax, Bad and cytochrome c, in a SCH23390-sensitive fashion. In contrast, raclopride provided only small inhibition of METH-induced changes in mitochondrial proteins. These findings indicate that METH-induced activation of striatal ER and mitochondrial stress pathways might be more related to activation of SCH23390-sensitive receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Beauvais
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Kenisha Atwell
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Decressac M, Pain S, Chabeauti PY, Frangeul L, Thiriet N, Herzog H, Vergote J, Chalon S, Jaber M, Gaillard A. Neuroprotection by neuropeptide Y in cell and animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:2125-37. [PMID: 21816512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the survival of dopaminergic cells in both in vitro and in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). NPY protected human SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity. In rat and mice models of PD, striatal injection of NPY preserved the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway from degeneration as evidenced by quantification of (1) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, levels of (2) striatal tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter, (3) dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) as well as (4) rotational behavior. NPY had no neuroprotective effects in mice treated with Y(2) receptor antagonist or in transgenic mice deficient for Y(2) receptor suggesting that NPY effects are mediated through this receptor. Stimulation of Y(2) receptor by NPY triggered the activation of both the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways but did not modify levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. These results open new perspectives in neuroprotective therapies using NPY and suggest potential beneficial effects in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Decressac
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, Université de Poitiers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poitiers, France
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50
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Thiriet N, Agasse F, Nicoleau C, Guégan C, Vallette F, Cadet JL, Jaber M, Malva JO, Coronas V. NPY promotes chemokinesis and neurogenesis in the rat subventricular zone. J Neurochem 2011; 116:1018-27. [PMID: 21175616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a major reservoir for stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cells supply the olfactory bulb with new interneurons and provide cells that migrate towards lesioned brain areas. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the brain, was previously shown to induce neuroproliferation on mice SVZ cells. In the present study, performed in rats, we demonstrate the endogenous synthesis of NPY by cells in the SVZ that suggests that NPY could act as an autocrine/paracrine factor within the SVZ area. We observed that NPY promotes SVZ cell proliferation as previously reported in mice, but does not affect self-renewal of SVZ stem cells. Additionally, this study provides the first direct evidence of a chemokinetic activity of NPY on SVZ cells. Using pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that both the mitogenic and chemokinetic properties of NPY involve Y1 receptor-mediated activation of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway. Altogether, our data establish that NPY through Y1 receptors activation controls chemokinetic activity and, as for mice, is a major neuroproliferative regulator of rat SVZ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Thiriet
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS, Poitiers Cedex, France
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