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Bailey JA, Le VT, McMorris BJ, Merrin GJ, Heerde JA, Batmaz EA, Toumbourou JW. Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107984. [PMID: 38401424 PMCID: PMC10947807 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that adult supervised drinking in adolescence predicts greater adolescent alcohol misuse. Long-term follow up data examining how adult supervised drinking during adolescence relates to alcohol misuse in adulthood are lacking. Longitudinal data from the International Youth Development Study tested associations between adult supervised drinking during adolescence (ages 13-16; 2002-2004) and adult alcohol misuse (ages 25-31; 2014, 2018, 2020). Cross-nationally matched samples were compared in Washington State, USA (n = 961) and Victoria, Australia (n = 1,957; total N = 2,918, 55 % female, 83 % White), where adult-supervised adolescent alcohol use was more common. Multilevel analyses adjusted for state, sex, adolescent drinking, parent education, family management, family history of substance use problems, and parent alcohol-related norms. Adult supervised drinking in adolescence (at dinner or parties, on holidays) predicted more adult alcohol misuse (mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score; b[SE] 0.07[0.03]; p = 0.004) and higher rates of alcohol-impaired driving (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.501, p = 0.034) and riding with an alcohol-impaired driver (OR 1.669, p = 0.005), but not the use of strategies to moderate alcohol intake (e.g., counting drinks). Better family management (monitoring, clear rules) in adolescence predicted less adult alcohol misuse. Associations were similar in the two states. Reducing the frequency of adult supervised drinking and improving family management practices in adolescence may help to decrease alcohol misuse well into adulthood. Findings support the widespread implementation of substance use prevention and family management training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Barbara J McMorris
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Dr., Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Social Work, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ebru A Batmaz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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Quinn B, Evans-Whipp T, Prattley J, Rioseco P, Rowland B. Do Australian adolescents with permission to drink at home engage in different alcohol use behaviours and experience more harms than those without such permission? Drug Alcohol Rev 2023. [PMID: 36989139 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Around half of Australian students aged 16-17 are estimated to have drunk alcohol in the past month, with 11% drinking at 'risky' levels. This study investigated: (i) how many Australian adolescents aged 16-17 had parental permission to drink at home in 2016/17 and whether prevalence differed by adolescent sex; (ii) whether adolescents allowed to drink at home had drunk more recently and were drinking greater quantities; (iii) if adolescents allowed to drink at home experienced more alcohol-related harms; and (iv) if parental drinking patterns were associated with permitting adolescents to drink at home. METHODS Data from Wave 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used. Descriptive and bivariate analyses addressed Aims i-iii. Nested multivariable logistic regression models addressed aim iv. RESULTS In 2016/17, 28% of Australian adolescents aged 16-17 were allowed to drink alcohol at home. More adolescents with permission had drunk alcohol in the past month (77% vs. 63% of those without permission). There was no difference in quantity of alcohol consumed in the past week between groups. More adolescents allowed to drink at home had experienced alcohol-related harm compared to those without permission (23% vs. 17%). In multivariable analyses, alcohol consumption by primary parents was associated with an increased likelihood of allowing adolescents to drink at home. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce adolescent alcohol use and associated harms, parents should avoid permitting alcohol use among adolescents at home. Frequent (twice or more/week) primary parental alcohol consumption was especially associated with greater odds of allowing adolescents to drink at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Quinn
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tracy Evans-Whipp
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Pilar Rioseco
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Aiken A, Chan G, Yuen WS, Clare PJ, Hutchinson D, McBride N, Najman JM, McCambridge J, Upton E, Slade T, Boland VC, De Torres C, Bruno R, Kypri K, Wadolowski M, Mattick RP, Peacock A. Trajectories of parental and peer supply of alcohol in adolescence and associations with later alcohol consumption and harms: A prospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109533. [PMID: 35752023 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supply of alcohol to adolescents is associated with increased alcohol consumption and harms including alcohol use disorder (AUD). We aimed to identify: (1) trajectories of alcohol supply to adolescents; (2) sociodemographic characteristics associated with supply trajectory; (3) patterns of alcohol consumption by supply trajectory; and (4) supply trajectory associations with adverse alcohol outcomes. METHODS We used Australian longitudinal survey data (N = 1813) to model latent trajectories of parent and peer alcohol supply over five annual follow-ups (Waves 2-6; Mage 13.9-17.8 years). Regression models assessed associations between supply trajectories and Wave 1 (Mage=12.9 years) sociodemographic factors and associations between supply trajectories and Wave 7 (Mage=18.8 years) alcohol outcomes. RESULTS We identified five alcohol supply classes: (1) minimal supply (n = 739, 40.8%); (2) early parent sips, late peer/parent whole drinks (n = 254, 14.0%); (3) late peer/parent whole drinks (n = 419, 23.1%); (4) early parent sips, mid peer/parent whole drinks (n = 293, 16.2%); (5) early peer/parent whole drinks (n = 108, 6.0%). Compared to minimal supply, the other classes were 2.7-12.9 times as likely to binge drink, 1.6-3.0 times as likely to experience alcohol-related harms, and 2.1-8.6 times as likely to report AUD symptoms at age 19. CONCLUSION Earlier supply of whole drinks, particularly from peers, was associated with increased risk of early adulthood adverse alcohol outcomes. While minimal supply represented the lowest risk, supplying sips only in early-mid adolescence and delaying supply of whole drinks until late adolescence is likely to be less risky than earlier supply of whole drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre For Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Wing See Yuen
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Upton
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- Sydney Medical School / The Matilda Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Veronica C Boland
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Clara De Torres
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Monika Wadolowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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4
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Ramer NE, Colder CR. The moderating effects of alcohol use with and without parent permission on alcohol risk communication in early adolescence. Addict Behav 2022; 126:107174. [PMID: 34776304 PMCID: PMC10120918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of parental alcohol risk communication (ARC) is considered an integral component of socializing youth about alcohol, but the literature offers mixed findings on whether such communication is protective. Early adolescents' prior drinking experiences may moderate the effectiveness of ARC, but evidence for such an interaction is inconsistent. One limitation of this work considering prior drinking experience is that it has not distinguished drinking with versus without parental permission. Parents are one of the earliest sources of information about alcohol use and many parents view allowing adolescents to drink alcohol with permission as a harm reduction strategy, despite some work suggesting the opposite effect. Using a random effects multilevel regression, we tested the unique moderating effects of drinking with and without parental permission on the prospective association between alcohol risk communication and later drinking without parental permission. Adolescent and parent dyads completed 3 annual assessments (first assessment mean age = 12.6, 52% girls, 76% White/non-Hispanic). Results supported a three-way interaction. There was a modest protective effect of parental ARC on later adolescent drinking, but only for adolescents who had prior experience drinking both with and without parental permission. For all other combinations of prior drinking experience, parental communication was not prospectively related to later drinking. These results help clarify the mixed literature on alcohol communication and suggests that ARC may help reduce some of the risk associated with allowing youth to drink alcohol but only for youth who also have experience with alcohol outside of parental supervision.
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Longmore MA, Sevareid EE, Manning WD, Giordano PC, Clemens W, Taylor H. Adolescents' Frequency of Alcohol Use and Problems from Alcohol Abuse: Integrating Dating Partners with Parent and Peer Influences. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:320-334. [PMID: 34797499 PMCID: PMC9341278 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the centrality of dating relationships for teens, it is unclear whether the influence of romantic partners' alcohol use on adolescents' under-age drinking is distinct from the influence of peers and parents. To address this gap, this study used longitudinal data from a population-based sample of 825 adolescents (49% male, 51% female), ages 12 to 19. Adolescents completed a survey using laptops for privacy, and a parent completed a survey separately. Ordinary least squares and logistic regression models assessed alcohol use frequency and alcohol problems and included dating partners' drinking, adolescents' prior drinking, peers' drinking, parents' substance use, parental monitoring, and sociodemographic background characteristics. Alcohol use frequency and alcohol problems were influenced by dating partners' alcohol use and dating partners' influence was stronger on older adolescents and male adolescents. The study results are useful for public health messaging and prevention efforts by demonstrating the influence of parents, peers, and dating partners on teens' alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Longmore
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Eric E Sevareid
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Peggy C Giordano
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - William Clemens
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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6
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Yuen WS, Bruno R, Chan GCK, McCambridge J, Slade T, Clare PJ, Aiken A, Kypri K, Hutchinson D, McBride N, Boland V, Upton E, Farrell M, Mattick RP, Peacock A. The experience of physiological and psychosocial alcohol-related harms across adolescence and its association with alcohol use disorder in early adulthood: A prospective cohort study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2518-2527. [PMID: 34921682 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different forms of alcohol-related harm (e.g., hangovers, fighting) may confer differential risk of clinically relevant alcohol problems. We examine: (i) patterns of transition in experiencing alcohol-related harms across adolescence; (ii) whether factors in early adolescence predict transition patterns; and (iii) whether transition patterns predict later alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. METHODS We used a longitudinal Australian cohort (n = 1828) to model latent class transition patterns of alcohol-related harms across three timepoints (Mage = 13.9, 16.8, 18.8 years). Regression models assessed whether child, peer, and parent factors in early adolescence (Mage = 12.9) predicted harms transition patterns and whether these patterns predicted AUD symptoms in early adulthood (Mage = 19.8). RESULTS Five transition patterns characterized most of the cohort (n ≈ 1609, 88.0%): (i) minimal harms (n ≈ 381, 20.8%); (ii) late physiological harms (n ≈ 702, 38.4%); (iii) early physiological harms (n ≈ 226, 12.4%); (iv) late all harms (n ≈ 131, 7.2%); and (v) gradual all harms (n ≈ 169, 9.2%). With late physiological harms as the reference, females had increased risk of experiencing early physiological harms (relative risk [RR]: 2.15; 99.5% CI: 1.19, 3.90). Late all harms (RR: 1.71; CI: 1.19, 2.47) and gradual all harms (RR: 1.84; CI: 1.37, 2.47) were each associated with increased odds of meeting criteria for AUD, even when patterns of alcohol consumption are considered. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents display heterogeneous transition patterns across physiological and psychosocial alcohol-related harms. Females are at greater risk of experiencing early physiological harms. Experience of both physiological and psychosocial harms in late adolescence is an important and potentially modifiable precursor to clinically relevant alcohol problems in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing See Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Veronica Boland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Upton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Farrell
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
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Jokinen T, Alexander EC, Manikam L, Huq T, Patil P, Benjumea D, Das I, Davidson LL. A Systematic Review of Household and Family Alcohol Use and Adolescent Behavioural Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:554-570. [PMID: 32785812 PMCID: PMC8238760 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol misuse is considered an adverse childhood experience impacting on neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes in adolescents including substance use, mental illness, problem behaviours, suicidality, and teenage pregnancy. Most research on this issue has focussed on higher income countries, whereas patterns of alcohol use and related factors may be different in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review therefore seeks to collate all published studies from 1990-2020 on the topic set in LMICs. 43 studies were included, totalling 70,609 participants from 18 LMICs. Outcomes assessed included: substance use; depression/anxiety; suicidal ideation; problem behaviour; emotional dysfunction; teenage pregnancy; and self-harm. Despite heterogeneity in the studies identified, this review documented some association between exposure to household alcohol misuse and adverse adolescent outcomes in LMICs, including mental health problems, problem behaviours, and suicidality. The mechanisms leading to these outcomes are likely varied, and further research in different socio-economic and cultural contexts, particularly in the form of longitudinal studies, is called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Jokinen
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma C Alexander
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Aceso Global Health Consultants Limited, London, UK
| | - Logan Manikam
- Aceso Global Health Consultants Limited, London, UK.
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Tausif Huq
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Priyanka Patil
- Aceso Global Health Consultants Limited, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Darrin Benjumea
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Ishani Das
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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8
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Trager BM, Koning IM, Turrisi R. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the parental rules toward adolescent drinking questionnaire: Two factors are better than the original one. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106855. [PMID: 33621921 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The parental rules toward drinking questionnaire (PRQ; Van der Vorst et al., 2005) assesses strictness toward adolescent drinking situations. The aim of the current study was to address a gap in the literature on the psychometric testing and evaluation of the factor structure of the PRQ. The current sample consisted of Dutch adolescents (N = 2922) who participated in a randomized control trial with three intervention groups (parent, student, and parent + student) and a control. PRQ and frequency of alcohol use (past month and year) were measured at baseline (T1) and 12 months later (T2). Results from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses revealed two reliable factors: (a) rules about normative drinking situations and (b) rules about non-normative drinking situations (both αs ≥ 0.88). Regression analyses conducted to examine the prospective effects of the interventions revealed that both parent conditions predicted increases in strictness toward normative drinking situations relative to the control condition, while only the parent + student condition affected the original PRQ (single factor). Further, the normative subscale predicted increases in drinking (past month and year), as did the original PRQ. Significant effects with the normative subscale indicate that rules toward these drinking situations are ones that account for the effects in the original PRQ, and that the original PRQ can mask effects. The results illustrate that the PRQ is multidimensional. The effects of the normative subscale suggest that intervention efforts should focus on preventing drinking situations that parents normally permit their adolescents to engage in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ina M Koning
- Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Parents Who First Allowed Adolescents to Drink Alcohol in a Family Context During Spring 2020 COVID-19 Emergency Shutdowns. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:816-818. [PMID: 33582017 PMCID: PMC8101493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 stay-at-home orders during Spring 2020 dramatically changed daily life and created significant challenges for families. We document levels and predictors of U.S. parents who newly allowed adolescents to drink alcohol at home during the shutdown. METHODS Participants in an ongoing longitudinal study were two adolescent siblings (N = 911, M = 14.43, SD = 1.54 years) and one parent (N = 456; 85% mothers) who provided self-report data before the pandemic (T1) and during the shutdown. RESULTS No parents permitted adolescent drinking with family at T1; nearly one in six allowed it during the shutdown. In full models, adolescents who previously drank (without permission) and had light or heavy drinking parents were more likely to be newly permitted to drink. CONCLUSIONS Parents' alcohol permissibility within family contexts changed during the pandemic and was shaped by both parent and adolescent drinking. Well-child visits should continue adolescent alcohol screening and parent support during and after the pandemic.
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10
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Gray HM, Wiley RC, Williams PM, Shaffer HJ. A Scoping Review of "Responsible Drinking" Interventions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:236-256. [PMID: 32153213 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1733226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Public health groups, researchers, the beverage alcohol industry, and other stakeholders have promoted and applied the concept of "responsible drinking" for the past 50 years. However, little is known about the state of the existing responsible drinking evaluation research and its application to policy and practice. This project provides a scoping review of studies evaluating responsible drinking interventions. Two primary research questions guided this investigation: (1) To what extent have authors attempted to define the concept of responsible drinking while evaluating responsible drinking interventions? and (2) What is the state of the responsible drinking intervention evaluation literature? We retrieved 49 peer-reviewed articles that evaluated interventions designed to promote "responsible drinking." Four articles provided, or attempted to provide, an explicit definition of responsible drinking; these four definitions lacked consensus. The existing responsible drinking interventions varied considerably in terms of the messages they attempted to convey (e.g., avoid binge drinking, use protective behavioral strategies, stick to relatively safe drinking limits), again suggesting lack of consensus. We observed greater consensus concerning the approach to evaluating responsible drinking interventions: studies typically recruited college students to complete brief, well-controlled experiments and measured potential predictors of drinking behavior (e.g., attitudes, expectancies, intentions) rather than actual drinking behavior. We discuss limitations of this methodological approach and the need for greater consensus regarding the concept of responsible drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Gray
- Division on Addiction, Cambridge Health Alliance
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Howard J Shaffer
- Division on Addiction, Cambridge Health Alliance
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
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11
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Parental supply of sips and whole drinks of alcohol to adolescents and associations with binge drinking and alcohol-related harms: A prospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108204. [PMID: 32871506 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents frequently supply alcohol to their children, often only sips. We investigated whether supply of sips and whole drinks, from parents and other sources, are differentially associated with subsequent drinking outcomes. METHODS A cohort of 1910 adolescents (mean age 12.9yrs) were surveyed annually over seven years from 2010-11. We examined prospective, adjusted associations between the quantity of supply from parental and non-parental sources in the preceding 12 months and five outcomes in the subsequent year, over several consecutive years: binge drinking; alcohol-related harms; symptoms of alcohol abuse, dependence and alcohol use disorder (AUD). RESULTS In early waves, most parental supply comprised sips, while supply of whole drinks increased in later waves. Among those not receiving alcohol from other sources, parental supply of sips was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (OR: 1.85; 99.5 % CI: 1.17-2.91) and alcohol-related harms (OR: 1.70; 99.5 % CI: 1.20-2.42), but not with reporting symptoms of alcohol abuse, dependence or AUD, compared with no supply. Relative to no supply, supply of sips from other sources was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (OR: 2.04; 99.5 % CI: 1.14-3.67) only. Compared with supply of sips, supply of whole drinks by parents or others had higher odds of binge drinking, alcohol-related harms, symptoms of dependence and of AUD. Secondary analysis demonstrated that supply of larger quantities was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes. CONCLUSION Parental provision of sips is associated with increased risks and the supply of greater quantities was associated with an increasing risk of adverse outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02280551).
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Epstein M, Bailey JA, Furlong M, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Does Adolescent Alcohol Harm Minimization Policy Exposure Reduce Adult Alcohol Problems? A Cross-National Comparison. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:713-718. [PMID: 31676227 PMCID: PMC7188571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent alcohol use carries risks for problem behaviors, such as injury and school dropout, as well as increases the risk of alcohol dependence later on, making public health approaches that curb youth alcohol use a key concern. The present study uses a two-state comparison of alcohol-related policies in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, U.S. (harm minimization in Australia and zero tolerance in the U.S.) to examine whether youth alcohol use in each state is related to alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. METHODS Data were drawn from the International Youth Development Study (N = 1,965) that followed youth in Victoria and Washington states from age 13 years, with follow-up at ages 14 and 15 years, and then again at age 25 years. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was used to test whether early alcohol use was equally related to alcohol problems (measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) at age 25 years and whether the relationship was moderated by family and school environments that were tolerant of youth drinking and by gender. RESULTS Youth in Victoria reported greater rates of alcohol use compared with youth in Washington, as well as more permissive family and school environments. Early alcohol use was equally associated with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test problems at age 25 years in the two nations, and none of the moderators significantly changed the association. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that harm minimization policies adopted in Victoria are less effective at reducing alcohol problems during young adulthood compared with the stricter zero-tolerance approaches adopted in Washington State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Ringwalt CL, Paschall MJ, Grube JW, Miller TR, Warren KR, Gidi V, Fisher DA, Goldberg A. Alcohol Availability, Use, and Harms Among Adolescents in Three Mexican Cities. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 2020; 49:55-68. [PMID: 32779983 DOI: 10.1177/0047237920929331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol remains readily available to youth in most countries. We examined the associations between both the on- and off-premises commercial availability of alcohol to youth and their alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol-related harms. We conducted the study using data from a survey of a sample of 594 students in central Mexico between 12 and 17 years of age in 2016. Both the perceived availability of alcohol and the purchasing of alcohol at an off-premises establishment were positively related to past-30-day alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking, as well as to alcohol-related harms in the past year. Consumption at on-premises establishments was also positively associated with alcohol-related harms. Preventive efforts to reduce the availability of alcohol at off- and on-premises establishments, by such strategies as mystery shopper and responsible beverage service programs, are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Ringwalt
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mallie J Paschall
- PIRE, Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Joel W Grube
- PIRE, Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Ted R Miller
- PIRE, Calverton Center, Calverton, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Virginia Gidi
- International Alliance for Responsible Drinking, Washington, DC, United States
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Staff J, Maggs JL. Parents Allowing Drinking Is Associated With Adolescents' Heavy Alcohol Use. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:188-195. [PMID: 31750959 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using intergenerational prospective data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we examine whether parents allowing 14-year-olds to drink alcohol is associated with greater likelihood of early adolescents' heavy episodic drinking (i.e., lifetime, rapid escalation from first drink, and frequent past year), beyond shared risk factors for parental alcohol permissiveness and adolescent alcohol use. METHODS The MCS is a unique, contemporary, nationally representative study with mother, father, and child data from infancy through age 14 years (n = 11,485 children and their parents). In a series of multivariate logistic regressions, we estimated whether teenagers whose parents allowed them to drink alcohol (16% of parents said "yes") faced an elevated likelihood of heavy alcohol use at age 14, controlling for a large host of likely child and parent confounders measured when children were age 11. To further assess plausible intergenerational associations of parental alcohol permissiveness and offspring heavy alcohol use, coarsened exact matching (CEM) was used to match 14-year-olds whose parents allowed them to drink alcohol with teens whose parents did not allow them to drink on these childhood antecedent variables. RESULTS Adolescents whose parents allowed them to drink had higher odds of heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.96 to 2.94), rapidly escalating from initiation to heavy drinking (OR = 1.94; CI = 1.52 to 2.49), and frequent heavy drinking (OR = 2.32; 1.73 to 3.09), beyond child and parent confounders and using CEM methods. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who were allowed to drink were more likely to have transitioned quickly from their first drink to consuming 5 or more drinks at 1 time and to drinking heavily 3 or more times in the past year. Given well-documented harms of adolescent heavy drinking, these results do not support the idea that parents allowing children to drink alcohol inoculates them against alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Staff
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Savolainen I, Oksanen A, Kaakinen M, Sirola A, Miller BL, Paek HJ, Zych I. The Association Between Social Media Use and Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Youths: A Four-Country Study. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 55:86-95. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
To examine the continuing role of daily popular social media use in youth hazardous alcohol consumption in four countries across continents.
Methods
A web-based survey was given to youths aged 15–25 in the USA (n = 1212), South Korea (n = 1192), Finland (n = 1200) and Spain (n = 1212). Hazardous alcohol use (alcohol use disorders identification test-C) was the dependent variable. Main independent variables measured daily use of different social media services. Controls included compulsive Internet use, offline belonging, psychological distress, impulsivity, risk-taking, age and gender. Linear regression models and mediation analyses with bootstrapping were done for each country.
Results
Daily use of Facebook and Instagram was associated with higher hazardous alcohol use among youths in Finland, South Korea and Spain. Daily instant messaging was related to higher hazardous alcohol use among South Korean and Finnish youths. Daily YouTube use was associated with higher hazardous alcohol use among youths in South Korea, but lower hazardous alcohol use among youths in the USA and Finland. Daily Twitter use was related to lower hazardous drinking among youths in Finland but higher hazardous drinking among youths in Spain. The mediation analyses revealed that uploading pictures to social media is a possible facilitator of social media-related hazardous alcohol use among youths in the USA and Spain.
Conclusion
Certain social media platforms might inspire and/or attract hazardously drinking youths, contributing to the growing opportunities for social media interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iina Savolainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Kaakinen
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 40, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Sirola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, 33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bryan Lee Miller
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology & Criminal Justice, Clemson University, 134 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Hye-Jin Paek
- Department of Advertising & Public Relations, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Izabela Zych
- Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Associations between Harmful Experiences from Alcohol Use of Others and Mental Health in Korean Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214240. [PMID: 31683758 PMCID: PMC6861898 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed alcohol-induced harm to those not drinking and investigated its association with mental health in Korean adolescents. The 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2018) was used and 60,040 adolescents were analyzed. Harm from others’ alcohol consumption was assessed by four criteria: teasing in public places, being scared in public places, sleep problems, and unsafety of public places due to people drinking alcohol. Mental health included stress, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide. Harm reported due to the alcohol use of others was 5.8% for teasing in public places, 33.6% for being scared in public places, 5.6% for sleep problems, and 40.2% for unsafety of public places among total study participants. Experiences of teasing in public places due to people who drank alcohol were associated with an increased risk of stress, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Similarly, experiences of being scared in public places, sleep problems, and unsafety of public places due to people who drank alcohol were associated with poor mental health. In the stratified analysis, alcohol-induced harm was associated with poor mental health in both non-drinkers and drinkers. Harmful experiences from others’ alcohol consumption were associated with poor mental health among Korean adolescents.
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Huckle T, Romeo J, Casswell S. A restrictive alcohol social supply law change is associated with less supply to friends under 18 years. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:737-743. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisia Huckle
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey University Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jose Romeo
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey University Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sally Casswell
- SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey University Auckland New Zealand
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Cox MJ, Sewell K, Egan KL, Baird S, Eby C, Ellis K, Kuteh J. A systematic review of high-risk environmental circumstances for adolescent drinking. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1620890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Cox
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - K. Sewell
- Laupus Health Sciences Library, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - K. L. Egan
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - S. Baird
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - C. Eby
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - K. Ellis
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - J. Kuteh
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Gilligan C, Wolfenden L, Foxcroft DR, Williams AJ, Kingsland M, Hodder RK, Stockings E, McFadyen T, Tindall J, Sherker S, Rae J, Wiggers J. Family-based prevention programmes for alcohol use in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 3:CD012287. [PMID: 30888061 PMCID: PMC6423557 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012287.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in young people is a risk factor for a range of short- and long-term harms and is a cause of concern for health services, policy-makers, youth workers, teachers, and parents. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of universal, selective, and indicated family-based prevention programmes in preventing alcohol use or problem drinking in school-aged children (up to 18 years of age).Specifically, on these outcomes, the review aimed:• to assess the effectiveness of universal family-based prevention programmes for all children up to 18 years ('universal interventions');• to assess the effectiveness of selective family-based prevention programmes for children up to 18 years at elevated risk of alcohol use or problem drinking ('selective interventions'); and• to assess the effectiveness of indicated family-based prevention programmes for children up to 18 years who are currently consuming alcohol, or who have initiated use or regular use ('indicated interventions'). SEARCH METHODS We identified relevant evidence from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Ovid 1966 to June 2018), Embase (1988 to June 2018), Education Resource Information Center (ERIC; EBSCOhost; 1966 to June 2018), PsycINFO (Ovid 1806 to June 2018), and Google Scholar. We also searched clinical trial registers and handsearched references of topic-related systematic reviews and the included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs (C-RCTs) involving the parents of school-aged children who were part of the general population with no known risk factors (universal interventions), were at elevated risk of alcohol use or problem drinking (selective interventions), or were already consuming alcohol (indicated interventions). Psychosocial or educational interventions involving parents with or without involvement of children were compared with no intervention, or with alternate (e.g. child only) interventions, allowing experimental isolation of parent components. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 46 studies (39,822 participants), with 27 classified as universal, 12 as selective, and seven as indicated. We performed meta-analyses according to outcome, including studies reporting on the prevalence, frequency, or volume of alcohol use. The overall quality of evidence was low or very low, and there was high, unexplained heterogeneity.Upon comparing any family intervention to no intervention/standard care, we found no intervention effect on the prevalence (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 0.08; studies = 12; participants = 7490; I² = 57%; low-quality evidence) or frequency (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.83 to 0.21; studies = 8; participants = 1835; I² = 96%; very low-quality evidence) of alcohol use in comparison with no intervention/standard care. The effect of any parent/family interventions on alcohol consumption volume compared with no intervention/standard care was very small (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.00; studies = 5; participants = 1825; I² = 42%; low-quality evidence).When comparing parent/family and adolescent interventions versus interventions with young people alone, we found no difference in alcohol use prevalence (SMD -0.39, 95% CI -0.91 to 0.14; studies = 4; participants = 5640; I² = 99%; very low-quality evidence) or frequency (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.09; studies = 4; participants = 915; I² = 73%; very low-quality evidence). For this comparison, no trials reporting on the volume of alcohol use could be pooled in meta-analysis.In general, the results remained consistent in separate subgroup analyses of universal, selective, and indicated interventions. No adverse effects were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The results of this review indicate that there are no clear benefits of family-based programmes for alcohol use among young people. Patterns differ slightly across outcomes, but overall, the variation, heterogeneity, and number of analyses performed preclude any conclusions about intervention effects. Additional independent studies are required to strengthen the evidence and clarify the marginal effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Gilligan
- University of Newcastle, Hunter Medical Research InstituteSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - David R Foxcroft
- Oxford Brookes UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Social Work and Public HealthMarston Road, Jack Straws LaneMarstonOxfordEnglandUKOX3 0FL
| | - Amanda J Williams
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
| | - Melanie Kingsland
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
| | - Emily Stockings
- University of New South WalesNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC)SydneyAustralia
| | - Tameka‐Rae McFadyen
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
| | - Jenny Tindall
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
| | - Shauna Sherker
- University of NewcastleSchool of Medicine and Public HealthCallaghanNSWAustralia2308
- Alcohol and Drug FoundationProgram Development and EvaluationLevel 12, 607 Bourke StreetMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3000
| | - Julie Rae
- Alcohol and Drug FoundationProgram Development and EvaluationLevel 12, 607 Bourke StreetMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3000
| | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Local Health DistrictHunter New England Population HealthWallsendNSWAustralia2287
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Byrnes HF, Miller BA, Grube JW, Bourdeau B, Buller DB, Wang-Schweig M, Woodall WG. Prevention of alcohol use in older teens: A randomized trial of an online family prevention program. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:1-14. [PMID: 30640504 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examines effects of a randomized controlled trial for an online, family-based prevention program for older teens, Smart Choices 4 Teens, on alcohol use and related outcomes. Families (N = 411; teen age M = 16.4, SD = 0.5) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition in 2014-2015. Both intent to treat (ITT) and dosage models were conducted. ITT models: At the 6-month follow-up, teens in the experimental condition reported fewer friends who had been drunk, and parents in the experimental group reported more communication about social host laws. At the 12-month follow-up, parents in the experimental condition reported consuming fewer drinks than parents in the control group. Dosage models: At the 6-month follow-up, dosage was inversely related to teen drinking in the past 6 months or 30 days, frequency of teen drinking during the past 6 months and 30 days, drinks consumed by teens over the past 6 months, teen drunkenness and binge-drinking during the past 30 days, teen reported communication about safe drinking and positively related to parent and teen reported communication about social host laws. At 12 months, dosage was inversely related to teen alcohol use, frequency of teen drinking over the past 30 days, drinks consumed by teens over the past 6 months and 30 days, and teen drunkenness over the past 6 months. Results suggest that Smart Choices 4 Teens is beneficial for families. Dissemination and implementation strategies that motivate completion of program content will improve outcomes related to older teens' alcohol use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Byrnes
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | - Brenda A Miller
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | - Joel W Grube
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | - Beth Bourdeau
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Meme Wang-Schweig
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
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Jongenelis MI, Johnston R, Stafford J. Factors Associated with Parents' Belief in the Appropriateness of Providing Alcohol to their Child. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2281-2290. [PMID: 29889614 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1473433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental provision of alcohol to their underage child has been associated with risky adolescent drinking. While parents' belief in the appropriateness of providing their child with alcohol may influence their provision behaviors, research into the factors associated with this belief is lacking. OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify the factors associated with parents' belief in the appropriateness of providing alcohol to their underage child. METHODS Western Australian parents of 12-17 year olds (n = 443) completed an online survey assessing their drinking habits, alcohol provision behaviors, alcohol-related beliefs and attitudes, their child's alcohol consumption, and demographics. RESULTS Nearly half (44%) the parents surveyed reported providing their underage child with alcohol. Parents of older children and parents who (i) did not believe in the harms and recommendations associated with alcohol use in youth, (ii) agreed with youth-related drinking myths, and (iii) reported more occasions of alcohol consumption by their child were more likely to believe that it was appropriate to provide alcohol to their underage child. Those who believed providing alcohol to their underage child was appropriate were in turn more likely to provide alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aiming to reduce parental provision of alcohol to children should focus on changing parents' beliefs that this is an appropriate harm minimization behavior. Belief change may be facilitated by the implementation of public education campaigns that increase parents' belief in the alcohol-related harms associated with youth drinking and debunk youth-related drinking myths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robyn Johnston
- b McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Julia Stafford
- b McCusker Centre for Action on Alcohol and Youth, Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
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Osaki H, Mshana G, Mbata D, Kapiga S, Changalucha J. Social space and alcohol use initiation among youth in northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202200. [PMID: 30192768 PMCID: PMC6128470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol use is a key risk factor for disease worldwide. Consumption of alcohol is increasing in sub Saharan Africa, where youth are already at high risk of HIV due to its high prevalence in the region. Studies show that youth begin drinking alcohol early; however, there is a need to further explore the initiation of alcohol use in order to design appropriate interventions in this population. Methods We conducted a qualitative study with youth in Mwanza and Kilimanjaro regions in Tanzania to explore alcohol consumption among youth. Participants were a purposive sample of youth aged 15–24 composed of secondary school and college students, and formal and informal sector employees. We conducted 35 in-depth interviews using a semi-structured guide to understand youth’s personal experiences with alcohol consumption. Two social scientists conducted a multi stage, inductive analysis of the data. Findings Alcohol consumption was reported to mainly start during adolescence, although in some cases it started as early as at 10 years of age. Young women reported drinking less, and initiated drinking later compared to males. Social space assumed a primary role in alcohol initiation. The social environment and influence of important social actors were key aspects of youth’s social space. Youth reported starting to consume alcohol at home, social events and in stressful environments with key influencers being parents, relatives, peers and intimate partners. Conclusions Our findings show that the social space (social environment and interactions) plays an important role in influencing youth initial consumption of alcohol. Interventions addressing alcohol initiation among the population need to address the social spaces where initiation takes place and engage the significant actors in these spaces. There is need to further explore underlying societal drinking norms to better understand how they shape social environments and young people’s initiation of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haika Osaki
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Gerry Mshana
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Doris Mbata
- National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Steeger CM, Hill KG. Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Substance-Specific Parenting Practices and Child Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:681-687. [PMID: 29396083 PMCID: PMC5963982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to understand whether substance-specific parenting practices predicted the probability of child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use beyond known family factors like family management and parental substance use and norms. METHODS Data were drawn from the Intergenerational Project, which used an accelerated longitudinal design and included 383 families surveyed seven times between 2002 and 2011. Analyses included 224 families with children ages 10-18 years (49% female). Multilevel models tested both concurrent and lagged (predictors at time t - 1, outcomes at time t) associations between child past year use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and time-varying measures of substance-specific parenting practices, including permitting child use of alcohol or cigarettes; family rules about alcohol, cigarette, and drug use; and child involvement in family member alcohol or cigarette use (getting, opening, or pouring alcoholic drinks; getting or lighting cigarettes for family members). Demographic controls were included. RESULTS Child involvement in family member substance use predicted an increased probability of child substance use both concurrently and 1 year later, even when controlling parent substance use, pro-substance norms, and family management. Family rules about substance use and parent provision of alcohol or cigarettes were not consistently related to child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Family-based preventive interventions to reduce youth substance use should continue to focus on family management and include messaging discouraging parents from allowing children to get, open, or pour drinks or get or light cigarettes for family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Thornton LK, Chapman C, Leidl D, Conroy C, Teesson M, Slade T, Koning I, Champion K, Stapinski L, Newton N. Climate schools plus: An online, combined student and parent, universal drug prevention program. Internet Interv 2018; 12:36-45. [PMID: 30135767 PMCID: PMC6096315 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of substance use significantly increases one's risk of developing substance use dependence and mental disorders later in life. To interrupt this trajectory, effective prevention during the adolescent period is critical. Parents play a key role in preventing substance use and related harms among adolescents and parenting interventions have been identified as critical components of effective prevention programs. Despite this, there is currently no substance use prevention program targeting both students and parents that adopts online delivery to overcome barriers to implementation and sustainability. The Climate Schools Plus (CSP) program was developed to meet this need. CSP is an online substance use prevention program for students and parents, based on the effective Climate Schools prevention program for students. This paper describes the development of the parent component of CSP including a literature review and results of a large scoping survey of parents of Australian high school students (n = 242). This paper also includes results of beta-testing of the developed program with relevant experts (n = 10), and parents of Australian high school students (n = 15). The CSP parent component consists of 1) a webinar which introduces shared rule ranking, 2) online modules and 3) summaries of student lessons. The parent program targets evidence-based modifiable factors associated with a delay in the onset of adolescent substance use and/or lower levels of adolescent substance use in the future; namely, rule-setting, monitoring, and modelling. To date, this is the first combined parent-student substance use prevention program to adopt an online delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K. Thornton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Corresponding author at: NDARC, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Cath Chapman
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dana Leidl
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chloe Conroy
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ina Koning
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina Champion
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Substance Use and Mental Health, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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McKay M, Agus A, Cole J, Doherty P, Foxcroft D, Harvey S, Murphy L, Percy A, Sumnall H. Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP): a school-based and community-based cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019722. [PMID: 29525770 PMCID: PMC5879538 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of a combined classroom curriculum and parental intervention (the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP)), compared with alcohol education as normal (EAN), in reducing self-reported heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-related harms (ARHs) in adolescents. SETTING 105 high schools in Northern Ireland (NI) and in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Schools were stratified by free school meal provision. Schools in NI were also stratified by school type (male/female/coeducational). Eligible students were in school year 8/S1 (aged 11-12 years) at baseline (June 2012). INTERVENTION A classroom-based alcohol education intervention, coupled with a brief alcohol intervention for parents/carers. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: (1) The prevalence of self-reported HED in the previous 30 days and (2) the number of self-reported ARHs in the previous 6 months. Outcomes were assessed using two-level random intercepts models (logistic regression for HED and negative binomial for number of ARHs). RESULTS At 33 months, data were available for 5160 intervention and 5073 control students (HED outcome), and 5234 and 5146 students (ARH outcome), respectively. Of those who completed a questionnaire at either baseline or 12 months (n=12 738), 10 405 also completed the questionnaire at 33 months (81.7%). Fewer students in the intervention group reported HED compared with EAN (17%vs26%; OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.73), with no significant difference in the number of self-reported ARHs (incident rate ratio=0.92, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.05). Although the classroom component was largely delivered as intended, there was low uptake of the parental component. There were no reported adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that STAMPP could be an effective programme to reduce HED prevalence. While there was no significant reduction in ARH, it is plausible that effects on harms would manifest later. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN47028486; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKay
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ashley Agus
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - Jonathan Cole
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Doherty
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - David Foxcroft
- Psychology and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Séamus Harvey
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Bangor, Bangor, UK
| | - Lynn Murphy
- Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew Percy
- School of Social Sciences, Education, and Social Work, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harry Sumnall
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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26
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Parents Who Allow Early Adolescents to Drink. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:245-247. [PMID: 29254647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research on community samples reveals that a sizeable minority of parents allow their early adolescent children to drink alcohol. The present study documents in a national longitudinal study the prevalence of parents allowing 14-year-olds to drink and examines variation by sociodemographic background and parent alcohol use. METHODS Children and parents (n = 10,210 families) participating in the ongoing Millennium Cohort Study provided self-report data from when the child was an infant to age 14 years. RESULTS About 17% of parents allowed their early adolescents to drink. Employed, more educated, and non-abstaining parents of white children were more likely to permit early adolescent drinking. Permitting alcohol use did not vary by child gender, teenage or single parenthood, or variation in parental drinking level. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomically advantaged, non-abstaining parents evidence a more permissive attitude about early drinking, which is a risk factor for early initiation, heavier use, and other problem behaviors.
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Wilson MN, Langille DB, Ogilvie R, Asbridge M. When parents supply alcohol to their children: Exploring associations with drinking frequency, alcohol-related harms, and the role of parental monitoring. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 183:141-149. [PMID: 29248692 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth obtain alcohol from many sources, including friends, siblings, parents and other adults. Whether parental supply, relative to other sources, is associated with experiencing a negative alcohol-related outcome is an area of considerable debate. Less well understood is whether the observed association is further contextualized by level of parental monitoring of the child. OBJECTIVES This study has two main objectives: 1) determine if there is a relationship between parental supply, drinking frequency, and alcohol-related harms among youth; and 2) assess whether parental monitoring moderates this relationship. METHODS Participants were drawn from the 2012 Student Drug Use Survey in Canada's Atlantic Provinces, an anonymous cross-sectional survey of high school students (ages 15-19 years). Adjusted regression models assessed the association between drinking frequency, experiencing alcohol-related harms, and four different sources of supply. Additional analyses stratified on levels of parental monitoring. RESULTS Relative to receiving alcohol from friends, parental supply was associated with lower odds of experiencing any alcohol-related harm (AOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.28-0.61) and loss of control (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.29-0.62). Drinking frequency did not differ by source of supply. Associations between parental supply and harm were absent among youth reporting low levels of parental monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Youth who receive alcohol from parents' report fewer alcohol-related harms relative to those who obtain their alcohol from friends, despite no observed differences in drinking frequency. Understanding how parents may help to minimize experiences of alcohol-related harm among youth beyond the simple promotion of abstinence from drinking is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Wilson
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Donald B Langille
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Rachel Ogilvie
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 1V7, Canada.
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Sellers CM, McManama O'Brien KH, Hernandez L, Spirito A. Adolescent Alcohol Use: The Effects of Parental Knowledge, Peer Substance Use, and Peer Tolerance of Use. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL WORK AND RESEARCH 2018; 9:69-87. [PMID: 30250635 PMCID: PMC6150601 DOI: 10.1086/695809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents and peers exert significant influence on a young person's decision to consume alcohol. This study examines the relationship between parental monitoring and adolescent alcohol consumption and tests whether peer substance use and tolerance of use mediates the relationship between monitoring and drinking. METHOD Participants included 116 adolescents (53.5% female; Mage = 15.6). All participants reported drinking alcohol in the past 6 months, and 96 participants had been previously admitted to a hospital emergency department for an alcohol-related event. Mediation analyses were used to test the study hypotheses. RESULTS The total effect of baseline parental monitoring on 6-month alcohol use was -1.15 (p < .01), with higher monitoring related to less use. Controlling for peer use and tolerance of use, the effect of parental monitoring was reduced to .46, leaving an indirect effect of .69 (p < .01). Peer use and tolerance of use had no effect on participant alcohol use when controlling for parental monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Study findings extend current knowledge about the interactive effects of parental supervision and peer influence on the drinking patterns of adolescents. Results underscore the importance of addressing both parental monitoring and peer influence in interventions that target adolescent alcohol use, recognizing peer factors as a potential mechanism of the effect that parental monitoring has on adolescent drinking.
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29
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Jones SC, Andrews K, Francis KL, Akram M. When are they old enough to drink? Outcomes of an Australian social marketing intervention targeting alcohol initiation. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S375-S383. [PMID: 29314354 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS This paper reports on the evaluation of an Australian whole-of-community social marketing intervention targeting social norms, which aimed to reduce inflated perceptions of the prevalence of underage drinking and increase the age at which alcohol initiation is considered acceptable. DESIGN AND METHODS A community-wide intervention was delivered in a single community over a period of 2 years, targeting adolescents, parents and community members. Pre-and post-intervention computer-assisted telephone interview surveys were conducted in the intervention and a matched comparison (control) community. A total of 417 respondents completed both surveys (215 in the intervention community and 202 in the control community). RESULTS The intervention community saw an increase of 6 months in the average age at which it is perceived to be acceptable for young people to have a sip/taste of alcohol and 5 months in the average age at which it is perceived to be acceptable to have weak/watered down alcohol. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the perception of the prevalence of alcohol consumption by young people to a level consistent with actual underage drinking rates. In comparison, the control community saw no change in any of these variables. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that a whole-of-community social marketing intervention can change perceptions of the prevalence, and acceptability, of underage drinking. Given the central role of social norms in decisions regarding alcohol consumption, these changes have the potential to reduce parental supply and thus underage drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelly Andrews
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate L Francis
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Influence of Early Onset of Alcohol Use on the Development of Adolescent Alcohol Problems: a Longitudinal Binational Study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2017; 18:1-11. [PMID: 27699620 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined cross-national similarities in a developmental model linking early age of alcohol use onset to frequent drinking and heavy drinking and alcohol problems 1 and 2 years later in a binational sample of 13-year-old students from two states: Washington State, USA and Victoria, Australia (N = 1833). A range of individual, family, school, and peer influences was included in analyses to investigate their unique and shared contribution to development of early and more serious forms of alcohol use and harms from misuse. Data were collected annually over a 3-year period from ages 13 to 15. Analyses were conducted using multiple-group structural equation modeling. For both states, early use of alcohol predicted frequent drinking, which predicted alcohol problems. Family protective influences had neither direct effects on heavy drinking nor effects on alcohol harm in either state, whereas school protection directly reduced the risk of heavy drinking in both states. Exposure to antisocial peers and siblings predicted a higher likelihood of heavy drinking and alcohol harm for students in both Washington and Victoria. Implications for the prevention of adolescent alcohol problems are discussed.
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31
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Pape H, Bye EK. Drinking with parents: Different measures, different associations with underage heavy drinking? NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2017; 34:445-455. [PMID: 32934504 PMCID: PMC7450847 DOI: 10.1177/1455072517740235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Is drinking with parents (DWP) likely to curb or to encourage adolescent heavy drinking? The scant number of studies addressing this issue have arrived at contradictory conclusions, which may reflect that different measures of DWP have been used. We pursued the assumption, taking potential confounding related to parental alcohol-specific rule-setting and parenting style into account. Method: Data stem from the Norwegian 2015 ESPAD survey of 15–16 year olds. Drinking with parents at the last drinking event and the frequency of DWP in the past year were assessed among those who had consumed alcohol (n = 1374). Severe drunkenness and binge drinking in the past month were the outcomes. Parental covariates were accounted for in Poisson regression models. Results: One in five (21%) had been drinking with their parents the last time they consumed alcohol, and this DWP measure was strongly and inversely related to both drunkenness and binge drinking. Adolescents who reported no DWP episodes in the past year (61%) and those who reported 1–2 such episodes (30%) barely differed with respect to the two outcomes. More frequent DWP (9%) was significantly associated with an increased risk of heavy episodic drinking, but the statistical impact on severe drunkenness was no longer significant when adjusting for parental covariates. Conclusions: Different measures of DWP were related differently to adolescent heavy drinking, indicating that studies based on DWP at the last drinking event are biased in favour of the view that adolescents may “learn” sensible drinking by consuming alcohol with their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Pape
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Elin K Bye
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
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32
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Aiken A, Clare PJ, Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Najman JM, Slade T, Bruno R, McBride N, Kypri K, Mattick RP. Age of Alcohol Initiation and Progression to Binge Drinking in Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:100-110. [PMID: 29160941 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early alcohol initiation is common and has been associated with the development of alcohol problems. Yet, past research on the association of age of initiation with later problem drinking has produced inconsistent findings. Using prospective data from the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study cohort, this study examined age of alcohol initiation, and of first drunkenness, and associations with subsequent drinking in adolescence. METHODS A total of 1,673 parent-child dyads recruited through Australian secondary schools completed annual surveys for 5 years (grades 7 to 11). Limiting the sample to those adolescents who had initiated alcohol use by age 17 (n = 839), multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations between (i) age of initiation to alcohol use (consuming at least 1 full serve) and (ii) age of first drunkenness, and 2 outcomes: (i) binge drinking (consuming >4 standard drinks on a single occasion), and (ii) the total number of alcoholic drinks consumed in the past year, adjusted for a range of potential child, parent, family, and peer covariates. RESULTS Fifty percent of adolescents reported alcohol use and 36% reported bingeing at wave 5 (mean age 16.9 years), and the mean age of initiation to alcohol use for drinkers was 15.1 years. Age of initiation was significantly associated with binge drinking and total quantity of alcohol consumed in unadjusted and adjusted models. Age of first drunkenness was associated with total quantity of alcohol consumed in unadjusted models but not adjusted models and was not associated with subsequent bingeing. CONCLUSIONS Initiating alcohol use earlier in adolescence is associated with an increased risk of binge drinking and higher quantity of consumption in late secondary school, supporting an argument for delaying alcohol initiation for as long as possible to reduce the risk for problematic use in later adolescence and the alcohol-related harms that may accompany this use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monika Wadolowski
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dresler E, Whitehead D, Weaver K. Exploring adolescent-parent interaction strategies for accessing alcohol at home. HEALTH EDUCATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/he-01-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which youth have ready access to alcohol and the extent to which immediate family influence affects consumption.
Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative descriptive exploratory study undertook semi-structured peer-group interviews with 20 participants from four New Zealand high schools. The interviews centred on exploring the “general” experiences of youth related to alcohol access – but with a focus on alcohol access “at home” and the parental role.
Findings
The study confirmed that the home unit was the main source of alcohol for most youth and parents were the most common source of provision. Parents provided financial access to alcohol by giving their child money to purchase it themselves through older family members or friends. It was also found that youth used negotiation strategies with their parents to influence their consumer purchases of alcohol.
Research limitations/implications
Youth frequently used strategies such as pressure tactics, exchange tactics, ingratiating tactics and consultation tactics to influence their family’s decision-making process and to pressure their parents into supplying them with alcohol.
Practical implications
It is important to recognise the role that family play as “gatekeepers” for readily allowing access and supplying youth with alcohol – and the reasons for doing so.
Social implications
Alcohol plays an important part in many societies. It is important to understand how young people consume and access alcohol – particularly when the family plays a major role in access and consumption.
Originality/value
Many studies have been conducted in relation to youth and alcohol consumption. Very few, as far as we can tell, explore the role of the family from the young consumers’ perspective and especially from a qualitative narrative perspective.
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Effects of parental alcohol rules on risky drinking and related problems in adolescence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178:243-256. [PMID: 28667942 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear what effect parents' rules about their children's alcohol use have on drinking in adolescence. This review and meta-analysis investigated associations between prospectively measured parental alcohol rules and later adolescent risky drinking. METHODS Using the PRISMA guidelines, we searched eight electronic databases for a variety of terms up to 10 September 2016. We imposed no restrictions on publication year. We assessed the risk of bias and conducted a meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 13 eligible studies in four groups of specific exposures for meta-analysis. The pooled overall estimate showed that when parents set rules concerning alcohol, their children were less likely to develop risky drinking and related problems (OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.48, 0.86). Pooled estimates illustrate that parental alcohol rules were significantly negatively associated with adolescent risky drinking and related problems (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.53, 0.99), as was parental approval of alcohol use (inverse OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.34, 0.50). Neither parental permissiveness (inverse OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.59, 1.19) nor parental disapproval of alcohol use (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.20, 1.20) was significantly associated with alcohol-related problems. However, the small number of studies and variability in the point estimates in these latter two groups of studies limits inferences. CONCLUSIONS Parents' restrictiveness of their children's drinking was associated with lower risky drinking, but the risk of bias in the existing literature precludes strong inferences about the association. Further longitudinal studies with prospective measurement of parent behaviour, low attrition, and control for likely confounders, are needed.
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Suárez-Relinque C, Arroyo GDM, Ferrer BM, Ochoa GM. [Spanish adolescents' low perception of risk in alcohol consumption]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00129716. [PMID: 28792994 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00129716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent studies, Spanish adolescents show low perception of risk in alcohol consumption. The current study aims to analyze the factors that favor this low perception based on the opinion of a group of 32 professional experts on adolescence, family, school, mass media, and local policies. A qualitative methodology was used, based on Grounded Theory, using information from 5 focus groups guided by semi-structured interviews. Twelve factors or subcategories were identified, grouped in 4 general categories: short-term risk, immediacy, and perception of invulnerability ("adolescent thinking" category); benevolent view of alcohol, normalization of consumption, and alcohol-entertainment binomial ("social norms" category); parents' habitual consumption, verbal/non-verbal inconsistency in parental model, risk-free consumption depicted in the mass media, consumption with positive results in the media ("social models" category); and excessive health content, long-term risk ("preventive discourse" category). After discussing the results in the context of the current scientific literature, the article offers various proposals for increasing risk perception in adolescents: stronger impact of contents on short-term risks of alcohol; educational strategies targeted to adolescents to include agents of socialization, especially parents; and policies centered on the substance and reduction of supply.
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Jenkins EK, Slemon A, Haines-Saah RJ. Developing harm reduction in the context of youth substance use: insights from a multi-site qualitative analysis of young people's harm minimization strategies. Harm Reduct J 2017; 14:53. [PMID: 28760146 PMCID: PMC5537985 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-017-0180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth substance use programming and educational strategies are frequently informed by prevention approaches that emphasize abstinence goals, which often do not resonate with youth in their lack of acknowledgment of young people's social context and how young people perceive positive effects of substance use. Further, approaches to drug prevention have been critiqued as adopting a one-size-fits-all approach and therefore inadequate in addressing substance use in the context of population variation and inequities. In response to the limitations of current approaches to prevention, programming informed by harm reduction principles that aims to minimize harms without requiring abstinence is emergent in school settings. However, youth perspectives informing harm reduction are limited in both research and program development. METHODS This paper draws on data from the Researching Adolescent Distress and Resilience (RADAR) study, which utilized an ethnographic approach to bring youth voice to the literature on mental health and substance use. Qualitative data collection included individual interviews (n = 86) with young people aged 13-18 across three communities-representing urban, suburban, and rural geographies-in British Columbia, Canada. A multi-site qualitative analysis of interview data was conducted to identify themes across and within each research site. RESULTS Across all three sites, young people's individual experiences of substance use were shaped by geographic, socio-cultural, and political contexts, with youth describing their use in relation to the nature of substance use in peer groups and in the broader community. To manage their own substance use and reduce related harms, youth employed a variety of ad hoc harm minimization strategies that were reflective of their respective contexts. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study suggest the importance of harm reduction approaches that are contextually relevant and responsive to the lived experiences of youth. Youth perspectives in the development of harm reduction programming are needed to ensure that approaches are relatable and meaningful to young people, and effective for promoting the minimization of substance-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5 Canada
| | - Allie Slemon
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5 Canada
| | - Rebecca J. Haines-Saah
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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Hodačová L, Šmejkalová J, Čermáková E, Kalman M. Experience of Czech Children with Alcohol Consumption in Relation to Selected Family Indicators. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:22-28. [PMID: 28399351 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to monitor and analyze the influence of chosen family indicators related to alcohol consumption and experience of drunkenness in a representative sample of Czech children. METHODS Data for our work were obtained from the Health Behaviour in School Aged Children (HBSC) study - a World Health Organization (WHO) cross national study. The sample consisted of 4,293 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years. Data collection was conducted in June 2010 in 88 randomly selected schools in the Czech Republic using standardized questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed in the program NCSS 9, methods of descriptive statistics, χ2 test of independence in the contingency tables and logistic regression analysis were used. RESULTS Regular alcohol consumption (at least weekly) was reported by 7.4% of children aged eleven, 19.3% of children aged thirteen and 38.4% of children aged fifteen years. Drunkenness at least twice in their life was admitted by 3% of children aged eleven, 15% of children aged thirteen and 43% of children aged fifteen years. Both alcohol consumption and drunkenness were significantly associated (p<0.001) with age and gender. Formal structure of family was found to have significant effect on the experience of drunkenness, but no effect on alcohol consumption was recorded. Based on our results, neither the amount of time spent together, nor the children communication with parents had a statistically significant influence on alcohol consumption or drunkenness experience within each family type. However, statistically significant differences were observed between different family types (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a high degree of liberalism of Czech society towards alcohol. It appears that alcohol consumption will remain a serious problem in Czech society, therefore, more attention should be paid to this phenomenon in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hodačová
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Šmejkalová
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Čermáková
- Computer Technology Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kalman
- Department of Recreology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Sharmin S, Kypri K, Khanam M, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Mattick RP. Parental Supply of Alcohol in Childhood and Risky Drinking in Adolescence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030287. [PMID: 28282955 PMCID: PMC5369123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Whether parental supply of alcohol affects the likelihood of later adolescent risky drinking remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize findings from longitudinal studies investigating this association. We searched eight electronic databases up to 10 September 2016 for relevant terms and included only original English language peer-reviewed journal articles with a prospective design. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Seven articles met inclusion criteria, six of which used analytic methods allowing for meta-analysis. In all seven studies, the follow-up period was ≥12 months and attrition ranged from 3% to 15%. Parental supply of alcohol was associated with subsequent risky drinking (odds ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.72, 2.32); however, there was substantial risk of confounding bias and publication bias. In all studies, measurement of exposure was problematic given the lack of distinction between parental supply of sips of alcohol versus whole drinks. In conclusion, parental supply of alcohol in childhood is associated with an increased likelihood of risky drinking later in adolescence. However, methodological limitations preclude a causal inference. More robust longitudinal studies are needed, with particular attention to distinguishing sips from whole drinks, measurement of likely confounders, and multivariable adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharmin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Masuma Khanam
- School of Health Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | | | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Spirito A, Hernandez L, Marceau K, Cancilliere MK, Barnett NP, Graves HR, Rodriguez AM, Knopik VS. Effects of a brief, parent-focused intervention for substance using adolescents and their sibling. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 77:156-165. [PMID: 28259500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Family Check-up (FCU), a parent-focused brief motivational intervention, in families where parents were concerned about one adolescent's alcohol or marijuana use and the referred adolescent also had a sibling close in age. The primary goal of the FCU was to provide individualized feedback on specific parenting skills, including monitoring and supervision, limit setting, and alcohol-related communication. A total of 92 adolescents (37 female) between the ages of 12-19years of age along with a sibling (48 female) between the ages of 11-21years old, were randomized to the FCU or a psychoeducation (PE) comparison condition. Findings indicated that the FCU did not produce better effects on alcohol and other drug use outcomes than the PE condition, in either the adolescent or sibling. Brief interventions addressing parenting behaviors may not be sufficient to reduce alcohol use in adolescent drinkers not referred due to an alcohol-related incident. Future research might be conducted to explore whether brief parent interventions, such as those in the present study, could be useful as a preventive intervention for parents whose teens report low levels of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Spirito
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Lynn Hernandez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West, Suite 204, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
| | - Mary Kathryn Cancilliere
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Hannah R Graves
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Ana Maria Rodriguez
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Coro West, Suite 204, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States.
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40
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Burris S. Theory and methods in comparative drug and alcohol policy research: Response to a review of the literature. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2017; 41:126-131. [PMID: 28041769 PMCID: PMC5337158 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparative drug and alcohol policy analysis (CPA) is alive and well, and the emergence of robust alternatives to strict prohibition provides exciting research opportunities. As a multidisciplinary practice, however, CPA faces several methodological challenges. This commentary builds on a recent review of CPA by Ritter et al. (2016) to argue that the practice is hampered by a hazy definition of policy that leads to confusion in the specification and measurement of the phenomena being studied. This problem is aided and abetted by the all-too-common omission of theory from the conceptualization and presentation of research. Drawing on experience from the field of public health law research, this commentary suggests a distinction between empirical and non-empirical CPA, a simple taxonomic model of CPA policy-making, mapping, implementation and evaluation studies, a narrower definition of and rationale for "policy" research, a clear standard for measuring policy, and an expedient approach (and renewed commitment) to using theory explicitly in a multi-disciplinary practice. Strengthening CPA is crucial for the practice to have the impact on policy that good research can.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Burris
- Center for Public Health Law Research, Beasley School of Law, Temple University, 1719 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States.
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41
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Lam T, Chikritzhs T, Liang W, Allsop S. Parental alcohol supply at school leavers’ celebrations and other peer-based social events. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1259365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lam
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wenbin Liang
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Mattick RP, Wadolowski M, Aiken A, Clare PJ, Hutchinson D, Najman J, Slade T, Bruno R, McBride N, Degenhardt L, Kypri K. Parental supply of alcohol and alcohol consumption in adolescence: prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:267-278. [PMID: 27702422 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alcohol use. This study investigates associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources, and adolescent drinking, adjusting for child, parent, family and peer variables. METHOD A cohort of 1927 adolescents was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2014. Measures include: consumption of whole drinks; binge drinking (>4 standard drinks on any occasion); parental supply of alcohol; supply from other sources; child, parent, family and peer covariates. RESULTS After adjustment, adolescents supplied alcohol by parents had higher odds of drinking whole beverages [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.45] than those not supplied by parents. However, parental supply was not associated with bingeing, and those supplied alcohol by parents typically consumed fewer drinks per occasion (incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96) than adolescents supplied only from other sources. Adolescents obtaining alcohol from non-parental sources had increased odds of drinking whole beverages (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86-3.45) and bingeing (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.53-4.87). CONCLUSIONS Parental supply of alcohol to adolescents was associated with increased risk of drinking, but not bingeing. These parentally-supplied children also consumed fewer drinks on a typical drinking occasion. Adolescents supplied alcohol from non-parental sources had greater odds of drinking and bingeing. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether these patterns continue, and to examine alcohol-related harm trajectories. Parents should be advised that supply of alcohol may increase children's drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - M Wadolowski
- The Kirby Institute,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - A Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - P J Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - D Hutchinson
- School of Psychology,Deakin University,Melbourne, VIC 3125,Australia
| | - J Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre,University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD 4072,Australia
| | - T Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - R Bruno
- School of Psychology,University of Tasmania,Hobart, TAS 7000,Australia
| | - N McBride
- National Drug Research Institute,Curtin University,GPO Box U1987,Perth, WA 6845,Australia
| | - L Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales (UNSW) Australia,Sydney, NSW 2052,Australia
| | - K Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Newcastle,Newcastle, NSW 2308,Australia
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Leung RK, Toumbourou JW, Hemphill SA, Catalano RF. Peer Group Patterns of Alcohol-Using Behaviors Among Early Adolescents in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:902-917. [PMID: 28453212 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine and cross-nationally compare the peer group patterns of alcohol-drinking behaviors among cohorts of early adolescents (ages 11-14 years) in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. Latent transition analysis revealed that after 1 year, transitions congruent with peer influence (whereby non-drinking adolescents initiated alcohol use in the presence of drinking peers) and reverse peer influence were observed in both states; however, transitions congruent with peer selection (whereby drinking adolescents self-selected into drinking peer groups) were only observed among Victorian early adolescents. Findings were interpreted to suggest that Australian family and cultural norms that more commonly allow early adolescent alcohol use lead to a higher rate of peer selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Deakin University
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
- Australian Catholic University
- University of Melbourne
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44
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Carroll HA, Heleniak C, Witkiewitz K, Lewis M, Eakins D, Staples J, Andersson C, Berglund M, Larimer ME. Effects of parental monitoring on alcohol use in the US and Sweden: A brief report. Addict Behav 2016; 63:89-92. [PMID: 27450154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent alcohol use predicts a myriad of negative mental and physical health outcomes including fatality (Midanik, 2004). Research in parental influence on alcohol consumption finds parental monitoring (PM), or knowing where/whom your child is with, is associated with lower levels of alcohol use in adolescents (e.g., Arria et al., 2008). As PM interventions have had only limited success (Koutakis, Stattin, & Kerr, 2008), investigating moderating factors of PM is of importance. Country may serve as one such moderator (Calafat, Garcia, Juan, Becoña, & Fernández-Hermida, 2014). Thus, the purpose of the present report is to assess the relationship between PM and alcohol use in the US and Sweden. METHOD High school seniors from the US (n=1181, 42.3% Male) and Sweden (n=2171, 44.1% Male) completed assessments of total drinks consumed in a typical week, problematic alcohol use, and perceived PM. RESULTS Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLM, Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2013; Hilbe, 2011) was used to examine whether country moderated the relationship between PM and alcohol use. Results revealed main effects of country and PM and a significant interaction between country and PM in predicting total drinks per week and PM in predicting problematic alcohol use (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS While PM is related to lower quantity of alcohol consumed and problematic alcohol use, greater PM appears to be more strongly related to fewer drinks per week and less problematic alcohol use in the US, as compared to Sweden.
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45
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Glowacki EM. Communication About Problematic Drinking Between Young Adults and their Parents: An Application of Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 31:1135-1144. [PMID: 26860037 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2015.1045578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of college students drink, half of whom consume alcohol in the form of binge drinking. The current study applies Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory to examine the communication about excessive drinking that takes place between parents and their young adult children. Forty college students were asked to report on a moment or incident that led their parents to label their drinking as concerning and were then asked to report on how their parents acted towards the drinking before and after the moment of labeling. Interviews were transcribed and coded. The findings suggest that parents act with inconsistency when attempting to manage their children's drinking by enacting both reinforcing and punishing behaviors. Parents' reinforcing behaviors included drinking with their children and buying them alcohol, even after labeling the drinking as problematic. Parents' punishment behaviors included expressing concern about their children's sense of responsibility and making their children feel regretful about their drinking. Nearly 88% of the participants were able to recall the moment at which their parents labeled their drinking as problematic. Implications for using inconsistent messages in conversations about alcohol are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Glowacki
- a Department of Communication Studies; Center for Health Communication , University of Texas at Austin
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46
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Gilligan C, Wolfenden L, Foxcroft DR, Kingsland M, Williams AJ, Hodder RK, Small T, Sherker S, Rae J, Tindall J, Stockings E, Wiggers J. Family-based prevention programs for alcohol use in young people. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Gilligan
- University of Newcastle; School of Medicine and Public Health; Callaghan NSW Australia 2308
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- University of Newcastle; School of Medicine and Public Health; Callaghan NSW Australia 2308
| | - David R Foxcroft
- Oxford Brookes University; Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health; Marston Road, Jack Straws Lane Marston Oxford England UK OX3 0FL
| | - Melanie Kingsland
- University of Newcastle; School of Medicine and Public Health; Callaghan NSW Australia 2308
| | - Amanda J Williams
- Hunter New England Local Health District; Hunter New England Population Health; Wallsend NSW Australia 2287
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- Hunter New England Local Health District; Hunter New England Population Health; Wallsend NSW Australia 2287
| | - Tameka Small
- University of Newcastle; School of Medicine and Public Health; Callaghan NSW Australia 2308
| | - Shauna Sherker
- Alcohol and Drug Foundation; Program Development and Evaluation; Level 12, 607 Bourke Street Melbourne Victoria Australia 3000
| | - Julie Rae
- Alcohol and Drug Foundation; Program Development and Evaluation; Level 12, 607 Bourke Street Melbourne Victoria Australia 3000
| | - Jenny Tindall
- Hunter New England Local Health District; Hunter New England Population Health; Wallsend NSW Australia 2287
| | - Emily Stockings
- UNSW, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC); 22-32 King Street, Randwick NSW Australia 2031
| | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Local Health District; Hunter New England Population Health; Wallsend NSW Australia 2287
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Jones SC, Andrews K, Berry N. Lost in translation: a focus group study of parents' and adolescents' interpretations of underage drinking and parental supply. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:561. [PMID: 27411789 PMCID: PMC4944521 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reductions in underage drinking will only come about from changes in the social and cultural environment. Despite decades of messages discouraging parental supply, parents perceive social norms supportive of allowing children to consume alcohol in ‘safe’ environments. Methods Twelve focus groups conducted in a regional community in NSW, Australia; four with parents of teenagers (n = 27; 70 % female) and eight with adolescents (n = 47; 55 % female). Participants were recruited using local media. Groups explored knowledge and attitudes and around alcohol consumption by, and parental supply of alcohol to, underage teenagers; and discussed materials from previous campaigns targeting adolescents and parents. Results Parents and adolescents perceived teen drinking to be a common behaviour within the community, but applied moral judgements to these behaviours. Younger adolescents expressed more negative views of teen drinkers and parents who supply alcohol than older adolescents. Adolescents and parents perceived those who ‘provide alcohol’ (other families) as bad parents, and those who ‘teach responsible drinking’ (themselves) as good people. Both groups expressed a preference for high-fear, victim-blaming messages that targeted ‘those people’ whose behaviours are problematic. Conclusions In developing and testing interventions to address underage drinking, it is essential to ensure the target audience perceive themselves to be the target audience. If we do not have a shared understanding of underage ‘drinking’ and parental ‘provision’, such messages will continue to be perceived by parents who are trying to do the ‘right’ thing as targeting a different behaviour and tacitly supporting their decision to provide their children with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Kelly Andrews
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nina Berry
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Jackson KM, Merrill JE, Barnett NP, Colby SM, Abar CC, Rogers ML, Hayes KL. Contextual influences on early drinking: Characteristics of drinking and nondrinking days. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 30:566-577. [PMID: 27269292 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Research characterizing the adolescent drinking context is limited, often relies on samples of current drinkers reporting on recent/last or typical drinking experiences, and provides little information about the context of very early use. The present study uses repeated monthly assessments to describe the context of drinking days and matched nondrinking days to determine the unique risk associated with different drinking-related characteristics. Additionally, we used latent class analysis to empirically identify key configurations of drinking-related characteristics and both family- and nonfamily-related environmental characteristics (social context, physical location, source of alcohol). Data included 688 days (344 drinking days, 344 nondrinking days) from 164 middle-school students enrolled in a prospective study on drinking initiation and progression (62% female; 26% non-White, 11% Hispanic). Results supported 4 patterns: (a) heavier drinking occurring in a peer context, lighter drinking occurring in (b) a family context or (c) a peer context, and (d) drinking alcohol obtained at home without permission. Latent classes varied as a function of gender, age, peer norms, and parenting behaviors as well as alcohol type and perceived alcohol availability. Findings indicated that highly endorsed contexts were not necessarily the riskiest ones, and simply targeting an oft-reported source of alcohol, physical location, or social context may not be an effective strategy for reducing underage drinking. Additionally, although greater monitoring and anticipated parent reaction to drinking are typically protective against adolescent drinking, we found they were associated with parent-sanctioned drinking, suggesting the role of parenting practices must be considered in the context of drinking pattern. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Caitlin C Abar
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Brockport
| | | | - Kerri L Hayes
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University
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Gender, intoxication and the developing brain: Problematisations of drinking among young adults in Australian alcohol policy. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 31:153-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA, Kremer PJ, Toumbourou JW. Relationships Between Sport Participation, Problem Alcohol Use, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study of Young Adults in Australia. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:1501-1530. [PMID: 25604969 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514567962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting a link between sport participation and violent behavior outside of the sporting context. However, there have been few studies that have investigated the basis of this relationship. The current study examined longitudinal relationships between sport participation, problem alcohol use, and various violent behaviors, and whether sport participation moderates relationships between problem alcohol use and violence. The sample comprised 2,262 young adults (55% female, age range at Time 1 = 17-24 years) from Victoria, Australia, surveyed in 2010 and 2012. When controlling for common risk factors, substance use, and past violence, sport participation was not associated with any violent behaviors 2 years later. However, sport participation moderated the relationship between problem alcohol use and fighting, whereby problem alcohol use was associated with engaging in fights 2 years later for sport participants, but not for nonparticipants. These findings suggest that it is not sport participation per se that influences later violence but the drinking norms or culture embedded within certain sporting contexts. Prevention approaches that address the drinking culture and social approval of excessive alcohol consumption within sporting contexts may reduce the incidence of violent behavior in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John W Toumbourou
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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