1
|
Madonna R, Barachini S, Ghelardoni S, Lu L, Shen WF, De Caterina R. Vasostatins: new molecular targets for atherosclerosis, post-ischaemic angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:132-139. [PMID: 38242632 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The chromogranin-secretogranin secretory proteins-granins-are acidic proteins localized in granules of endocrine cells and neurons. The chromogranin family includes chromogranins A (CgA) and B, as well as secretogranin II (once called chromogranin C). Members of this family undergo catalytic proteolysis to produce active peptides. The CgA-derived peptides vasostatin-1 and vasostatin-2, in particular, appear to protect against atherosclerosis, suppressing the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, as well as exerting vasodilatory effects by enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability. Vasostatin-1 also suppresses vasoconstriction and abnormal angiogenesis. Vasostatin-1 and vasostatin-2 may be novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, also protecting the myocardium against ischaemic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Cell Therapy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Ghelardoni
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González-Arnay E, Pérez-Santos I, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Cid E, Gal B, de la Prida LM, Cavada C. Immunohistochemical field parcellation of the human hippocampus along its antero-posterior axis. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:359-385. [PMID: 38180568 PMCID: PMC10917878 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The primate hippocampus includes the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis (CA), and subiculum. CA is subdivided into four fields (CA1-CA3, plus CA3h/hilus of the dentate gyrus) with specific pyramidal cell morphology and connections. Work in non-human mammals has shown that hippocampal connectivity is precisely patterned both in the laminar and longitudinal axes. One of the main handicaps in the study of neuropathological semiology in the human hippocampus is the lack of clear laminar and longitudinal borders. The aim of this study was to explore a histochemical segmentation of the adult human hippocampus, integrating field (medio-lateral), laminar, and anteroposterior longitudinal patterning. We provide criteria for head-body-tail field and subfield parcellation of the human hippocampus based on immunodetection of Rabphilin3a (Rph3a), Purkinje-cell protein 4 (PCP4), Chromogranin A and Regulation of G protein signaling-14 (RGS-14). Notably, Rph3a and PCP4 allow to identify the border between CA3 and CA2, while Chromogranin A and RGS-14 give specific staining of CA2. We also provide novel histological data about the composition of human-specific regions of the anterior and posterior hippocampus. The data are given with stereotaxic coordinates along the longitudinal axis. This study provides novel insights for a detailed region-specific parcellation of the human hippocampus useful for human brain imaging and neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio González-Arnay
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Medical Science-Division of Human Anatomy, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Isabel Pérez-Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elena Cid
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gal
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Cavada
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marjani A, Poursharifi N, Sajedi A, Tatari M. Age and Sex-related Chromogranin A Gene Polymorphisms and its Association with Metabolic Syndrome Components. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2024; 39:45-52. [PMID: 38863909 PMCID: PMC11163322 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.039.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the possible differences in genetic polymorphisms and serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA), according to age and sex, in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methodology The genotyping and serum level of CgA and biochemical parameters were measured by the T-ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP and ELISA and spectrophotometer methods, respectively. Results A comparison of males with and without MetS showed significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than those of females.At ages 30-70 years, both sexes showed significant differences in triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), CgA levels and waist circumference (WC) when compared to the two groups. Both sexes with MetS indicated significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at ages 40-70 years, while at ages 40-59 years, there was a significant difference in HDL-C level in males.There was a significant correlation between serum levels of FBS, TG, SBP and WC (in both sexes), and CgA in subjects with MetS. Significant correlation was found between HDL-C level and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and CgA level in males and females, respectively. CgA genotype frequency (T-415C and C+87T polymorphisms) showed no significant differences between males and females with and without MetS, while there was only a significant difference in frequency of the genotypes T-415C when compared to males with and without MetS. Conclusion The CgA appears to be strongly associated with MetS components in both sexes. Variation in CgA gene expression may affect the T-415C polymorphism in males. This may mean that the structure of CgA genetics differs in different ethnic groups. Differences in the serum level and expression of CgA gene may show valuable study results that it may be expected a relationship between these variables and the MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Poursharifi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Atefe Sajedi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahin Tatari
- Biostatistics Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Province, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan H, Shaikh F, Syed MH, Mamdani M, Saposnik G, Qadura M. Current Biomarkers for Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Metabolites 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 37623863 PMCID: PMC10456624 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS), an atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery, is one of the leading causes of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and cerebrovascular attacks (CVA). The atherogenic process of CAS affects a wide range of physiological processes, such as inflammation, endothelial cell function, smooth muscle cell migration and many more. The current gold-standard test for CAS is Doppler ultrasound; however, there is yet to be determined a strong, clinically validated biomarker in the blood that can diagnose patients with CAS and/or predict adverse outcomes in such patients. In this comprehensive literature review, we evaluated all of the current research on plasma and serum proteins that are current contenders for biomarkers for CAS. In this literature review, 36 proteins found as potential biomarkers for CAS were categorized in to the following nine categories based on protein function: (1) Inflammation and Immunity, (2) Lipid Metabolism, (3) Haemostasis, (4) Cardiovascular Markers, (5) Markers of Kidney Function, (6) Bone Health, (7) Cellular Structure, (8) Growth Factors, and (9) Hormones. This literature review is the most up-to-date and current comprehensive review of research on biomarkers of CAS, and the only review that demonstrated the several pathways that contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. With this review, future studies can determine if any new markers, or a panel of the proteins explored in this study, may be contenders as diagnostic or prognostic markers for CAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Khan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muzammil H. Syed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Björkman S, Kauffold J, Kaiser MØ. Reproductive health of the sow during puerperium. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:561-579. [PMID: 36054784 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The modern hyperprolific sow is susceptible to metabolic disease and chronic inflammation. The most sensitive phase is parturition, when the sow experiences systemic inflammation and stress, and major changes in metabolism and endocrinology. Resolution of inflammation and stress needs to happen quickly to ensure good reproductive health during puerperium. If the sow fails to adapt to these changes, puerperal disease may occur. The economically most important puerperal disease complex is the postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS). Other puerperal diseases include infections of the urogenital tract. Diagnosis of PPDS and urogenital disease on-farm is challenging but several diagnostic methods, including clinical examination, behavioral observations, ultrasonography and biomarkers are available. Ultrasonography is an excellent tool for monitoring the health of the urogenital tract, the mammary gland, and uterine involution and guide further diagnostic interventions. Biomarkers such as Chromogranin A, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 represent promising tools to monitor general health and the systemic state of inflammation and oxidative stress of the sow. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dopamine antagonists, and oxytocin are promising to address the symptoms of PPDS. Reducing of stress, improving nutrition and intestinal health, and supporting animal welfare-friendly husbandry help in the prevention of PPDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Björkman
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kauffold
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garg R, Agarwal A, Katekar R, Dadge S, Yadav S, Gayen JR. Chromogranin A-derived peptides pancreastatin and catestatin: emerging therapeutic target for diabetes. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03252-x. [PMID: 36914766 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (ChgA) is an acidic pro-protein found in neuroendocrine organs, pheochromocytoma chromaffin granules, and tumor cells. Proteolytic processing of ChgA gives rise to an array of biologically active peptides such as pancreastatin (PST), vasostatin, WE14, catestatin (CST), and serpinin, which have diverse roles in regulating cardiovascular functions and metabolism, as well as inflammation. Intricate tissue-specific role of ChgA-derived peptide activity in preclinical rodent models of metabolic syndrome reveals complex effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Indeed, ChgA-derived peptides, PST and CST, play a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, supplementation of specific peptide in ChgA-KO mice have an opposing effect on physiological functions, such as PST supplementation reduces insulin sensitivity and enhances inflammatory response. In contrast, CST supplementation enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammatory response. In this review, we focus on the tissue-specific role of PST and CST as therapeutic targets in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, along with the associated risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shubhi Yadav
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chromogranin A: An Endocrine Factor of Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054986. [PMID: 36902417 PMCID: PMC10002927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state of physiological and hormonal changes. One of the endocrine factors involved in these processes is chromogranin A, an acidic protein produced, among others, by the placenta. Although it has been previously linked to pregnancy, no existing articles have ever managed to clarify the role of this protein regarding this subject. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to gather knowledge of chromogranin A's function with reference to gestation and parturition, clarify elusive information, and, most importantly, to formulate hypotheses for the future studies to verify.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mamodaly M, Chen R, Deschamps L, de Mestier L, Couvelard A, Scoazec JY, Cros J. When it comes to chromogranin A, not all clones are made equal. Pathology 2023; 55:149-153. [PMID: 35798608 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mamodaly
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Pathology, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Ruiqian Chen
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Pathology, AP-HP Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Deschamps
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Pathology, AP-HP Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Louis de Mestier
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Anne Couvelard
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Pathology, AP-HP Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean Yves Scoazec
- Departement of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Pathology, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spix B, Castiglioni AJ, Remis NN, Flores EN, Wartenberg P, Wyatt A, Boehm U, Gudermann T, Biel M, García-Añoveros J, Grimm C. Whole-body analysis of TRPML3 (MCOLN3) expression using a GFP-reporter mouse model reveals widespread expression in secretory cells and endocrine glands. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278848. [PMID: 36520788 PMCID: PMC10045552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPML3 (mucolipin 3, MCOLN3) is an endolysosomal cation channel belonging to the TRPML subfamily of transient receptor potential channels. Gain-of-function mutations in the Trpml3 gene cause deafness, circling behavior and coat color dilution in mice due to cell death of TRPML3-expressing hair cells of the inner ear or skin melanocytes, respectively. Furthermore, TRPML3 was found to play a role in the long term survival of cochlear hair cells (its absence contributing to presbycusis), in specialized giant lysosomes that neonatal (birth to weaning) enterocytes used for the uptake and digestion of maternal milk nutrients, and in the expulsion of exosome-encased bacteria such as uropathogenic E. coli, infecting bladder epithelial cells. Recently, TRPML3 was found to be expressed at high levels in alveolar macrophages and loss of TRPML3 results in a lung emphysema phenotype, confirmed in two independently engineered Trpml3 knockout lines. TRPML3 is not ubiquitously expressed like its relative TRPML1 and thus cellular expression of TRPML3 on a whole-tissue level remains, with the exceptions mentioned above, largely elusive. To overcome this problem, we generated a τGFP reporter mouse model for TRPML3 and compared expression data obtained from this model by immunofluorescence on tissue sections with immunohistochemistry using TRPML3 antibodies and in situ hybridization. We thus uncovered expression in several organs and distinct cell types. We confirmed TRPML3 expression in both neonatal and adult alveolar macrophages, in melanocytes of hair follicles and glabrous skin, in principle cells of the collecting duct of the neonatal and adult kidney, and in olfactory sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, including its fibres protruding to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Additionally, we localized TRPML3 in several glands including parathyroid, thyroid, salivary, adrenal, and pituitary gland, testes and ovaries, suggestive of potential roles for the channel in secretion or uptake of different hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spix
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Castiglioni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Natalie N. Remis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Integrated Graduate Program in the Life Sciences (IGP), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Emma N. Flores
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) graduate program, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Experimental Pharmacology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Wyatt
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Experimental Pharmacology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Experimental Pharmacology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jaime García-Añoveros
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Integrated Graduate Program in the Life Sciences (IGP), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) graduate program, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, and Hugh Knowles Center for Clinical and Basic Science in Hearing and Its Disorders, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perez-Rodriguez A, Eraso E, Quindós G, Mateo E. Antimicrobial Peptides with Anti-Candida Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169264. [PMID: 36012523 PMCID: PMC9409312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses are accountable for millions of infections yearly worldwide. Invasive candidiasis is the most usual, presenting a high morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans remains the prevalent etiologic agent, but the incidence of other species such as Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata and Candida auris keeps increasing. These pathogens frequently show a reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs, including polyenes, triazoles and echinocandins, and the incidence of emerging multi-drug-resistant strains of these species continues to increase. Therefore, the need to search for new molecules that target these pathogenic species in a different manner is now more urgent than ever. Nature is an almost endless source of interesting new molecules that could meet this need. Among these molecules, antimicrobial peptides, present in different sources in nature, possess some advantages over conventional antifungal agents, even with their own drawbacks, and are considered as a promising pharmacological option against a wide range of microbial infections. In this review, we describe 20 antimicrobial peptides from different origins that possess an activity against Candida.
Collapse
|
11
|
De Lorenzo R, Sciorati C, Ramirez GA, Colombo B, Lorè NI, Capobianco A, Tresoldi C, Cirillo DM, Ciceri F, Corti A, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Chromogranin A plasma levels predict mortality in COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267235. [PMID: 35468164 PMCID: PMC9037919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromogranin A (CgA) and its fragment vasostatin I (VS-I) are secreted in the blood by endocrine/neuroendocrine cells and regulate stress responses. Their involvement in Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has not been investigated. Methods CgA and VS-I plasma concentrations were measured at hospital admission from March to May 2020 in 190 patients. 40 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. CgA and VS-I levels relationship with demographics, comorbidities and disease severity was assessed through Mann Whitney U test or Spearman correlation test. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan Meier survival curves were performed to investigate the impact of the CgA and VS-I levels on in-hospital mortality. Results Median CgA and VS-I levels were higher in patients than in healthy controls (CgA: 0.558 nM [interquartile range, IQR 0.358–1.046] vs 0.368 nM [IQR 0.288–0.490] respectively, p = 0.0017; VS-I: 0.357 nM [IQR 0.196–0.465] vs 0.144 nM [0.144–0.156] respectively, p<0.0001). Concentration of CgA, but not of VS-I, significantly increased in patients who died (n = 47) than in survivors (n = 143) (median 0.948 nM [IQR 0.514–1.754] vs 0.507 nM [IQR 0.343–0.785], p = 0.00026). Levels of CgA were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 1.28 [95% confidence interval 1.077–1.522], p = 0.005) when adjusted for age, number of comorbidities, respiratory insufficiency degree, C-reactive protein levels and time from symptom onset to sampling. Kaplan Meier curves revealed a significantly increased mortality rate in patients with CgA levels above 0.558 nM (median value, log rank test, p = 0.001). Conclusion Plasma CgA levels increase in COVID-19 patients and represent an early independent predictor of mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuseppe A. Ramirez
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombo
- Tumor Biology & Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola I. Lorè
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capobianco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniela M. Cirillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Tumor Biology & Vascular Targeting Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan X, Yang G, Kowitz J, Akin I, Zhou X, El-Battrawy I. Takotsubo Syndrome: Translational Implications and Pathomechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041951. [PMID: 35216067 PMCID: PMC8875072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is identified as an acute severe ventricular systolic dysfunction, which is usually characterized by reversible and transient akinesia of walls of the ventricle in the absence of a significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients present with chest pain, ST-segment elevation or ischemia signs on ECG and increased troponin, similar to myocardial infarction. Currently, the known mechanisms associated with the development of TTS include elevated levels of circulating plasma catecholamines and their metabolites, coronary microvascular dysfunction, sympathetic hyperexcitability, inflammation, estrogen deficiency, spasm of the epicardial coronary vessels, genetic predisposition and thyroidal dysfunction. However, the real etiologic link remains unclear and seems to be multifactorial. Currently, the elusive pathogenesis of TTS and the lack of optimal treatment leads to the necessity of the application of experimental models or platforms for studying TTS. Excessive catecholamines can cause weakened ventricular wall motion at the apex and increased basal motion due to the apicobasal adrenoceptor gradient. The use of beta-blockers does not seem to impact the outcome of TTS patients, suggesting that signaling other than the beta-adrenoceptor-associated pathway is also involved and that the pathogenesis may be more complex than it was expected. Herein, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms related to TTS; preclinical TTS models and platforms such as animal models, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models and their usefulness for TTS studies, including exploring and improving the understanding of the pathomechanism of the disease. This might be helpful to provide novel insights on the exact pathophysiological mechanisms and may offer more information for experimental and clinical research on TTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jacqueline Kowitz
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (I.E.-B.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (I.E.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu H, Wang H, Su X, Cao A, Yao X, Wang Y, Zhu B, Wang H, Fang J. Serum chromogranin A correlated with albuminuria in diabetic patients and is associated with early diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:41. [PMID: 35062888 PMCID: PMC8783443 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney is the main site for the removal of chromogranin A (CgA). Previous studies have found that patients with renal impairment displayed elevated concentrations of CgA in plasma and that CgA concentrations reflect a deterioration of renal function. In this study, we aimed to estimate serum CgA levels and to evaluate the role of serum CgA in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS A total of 219 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in this cross-sectional study. These patients were classified into normoalbuminuria (n = 121), microalbuminuria (n = 73), or macroalbuminuria (n = 25) groups based on their urine albumin to creatinine ratios (UACRs). The degree of DN is reflected by UACR. A control group consisted of 45 healthy subjects. The serum CgA levels were measured by ELISA, and other key parameters were assayed. RESULTS Serum CgA levels were higher in patients with T2DM than in control subjects, and a statistically significant difference among the studied subgroups regarding CgA was found (P < 0.05). The levels of serum CgA increased gradually with the degree of DN (P < 0.001). Serum CgA levels showed a moderate-intensity positive correlation with UACRs (P < 0.001). A cutoff level of 3.46 ng/ml CgA showed 69.86% sensitivity and 66.12% specificity to detect DN in the early stage. CONCLUSION The levels of serum CgA increased gradually with the degree of DN and can be used as a biomarker in the early detection of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xue Su
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xingmei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maddali M, Al Shamsi F, Arora N, Venkatachlam R, Sathiya P. Assessment of stress response attenuation with caudal morphine using a surrogate marker during pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Card Anaesth 2022; 25:61-66. [PMID: 35075022 PMCID: PMC8865338 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measurement of biomarkers representing sympathetic tone and the surgical stress response are helpful for objective comparison of anesthetic protocols. Aims: The primary aim was to compare changes in chromogranin A levels following pump pediatric cardiac surgery between children who received bolus caudal morphine and those who received a conventional intravenous narcotic-based anesthesia regime. The secondary objectives were to compare hemodynamic responses to skin incision and the magnitude of the rise in blood sugar values between the groups. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study at a tertiary cardiac center. Measurements and Methods: Sixty pediatric cardiac surgical patients were randomized to Group I [n = 30] to receive intravenous narcotic-based anesthesia and Group II [n = 30] to receive single-shot caudal morphine. Baseline and postoperative chromogranin A levels, the hemodynamic response to skin incision, changes in blood sugar levels, and the total intravenous narcotic dose administered were recorded for each participant. Statistical Analysis: Pearson's Chi-squared test was used for comparison of categorized variables, and Mann–Whitney test was used for the analysis of continuous data. Results: Changes in chromogranin A levels and blood sugar levels were comparable in both groups. Group II received a lower narcotic dosage (P ≤ 0.001), and the response to skin incision as reflected by systolic pressure rise was less (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Surgical stress response attenuation was similar to caudal morphine as compared with intravenous narcotic-based anesthesia techniques as reflected by a similar increase in chromogranin A levels.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Dang W, Liu H, Song Y, Li Y, Xu W. Associations between chronic work stress and plasma chromogranin A/catestatin among healthy workers. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12321. [PMID: 35297526 PMCID: PMC9176708 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) may play a critical role on linking work stress to health outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between work stress and plasma CgA levels in healthy workers without chronic diseases. METHODS The study included 260 healthy workers from EHOP study. Work stressors were assessed by the Chinese version of the 23-item ERI-Q questionnaire. Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. The demographic characteristics were collected from medical records. RESULTS Among the final 260 subjects including 173 males (66.5%) and 87 females (33.5%), the average age was 37.6 ± 10.6 years old. Effort, overcommitment, and ERI were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.267, 0.319, and 0.304, all p < .001), while reward was negatively associated with CgA level (r = -0.237, p < .001). The workers with high effort, overcommitment, or ERI had significantly higher plasma CgA levels, while the workers with high rewards had significantly lower plasma CgA levels. The workers with both high overcommitment and high ERI had highest plasma CgA levels. In the linear regression analysis, after adjustment for confounders, effort, overcommitment, and ERI were respectively positively related to plasma CgA, while reward negatively related to plasma CgA. The associations between work stress and plasma catestatin was not significant. The ratio of CgA and catestatin was associated with work stress. CONCLUSIONS Work stress is associated with plasma CgA which may be play a crucial role on the pathway from chronic work stress to cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kapoor K, Eissa N, Tshikudi D, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Impact of intrarectal chromofungin treatment on dendritic cells-related markers in different immune compartments in colonic inflammatory conditions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8138-8155. [PMID: 35068859 PMCID: PMC8704268 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i47.8138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromofungin (CHR: chromogranin-A 47-66) is a chromogranin-A derived peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a colonic decrease of CHR and a dysregulation of dendritic CD11c+ cells.
AIM To investigate the association between CHR treatment and dendritic cells (DCs)-related markers in different immune compartments in colitis.
METHODS A model of acute UC-like colitis using dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used in addition to biopsies collected from UC patients.
RESULTS Intrarectal CHR treatment reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis and was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD86 and interleukin (IL)-12p40 in the inflamed colonic mucosa and CD11c, CD80, CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 within the mesenteric lymph nodes and the spleen. Furthermore, CHR treatment decreased CD80 and CD86 expression markers of splenic CD11c+ cells and decreased NF-κB expression in the colon and of splenic CD11c+ cells. In vitro, CHR decreased CD40, CD80, CD86 IL-6 and IL-12p40 expression in naïve bone marrow-derived CD11c+ DCs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Pharmacological studies demonstrated an impact of CHR on the NF-κB pathway. In patients with active UC, CHR level was reduced and showed a negative linear relationship with CD11c and CD86.
CONCLUSION CHR has protective properties against intestinal inflammation via the regulation of DC-related markers and CD11c+ cells. CHR could be a potential therapy of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kapoor
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Diane Tshikudi
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E0T5, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Srivastava N, Hu H, Vomund AN, Peterson OJ, Baker RL, Haskins K, Teyton L, Wan X, Unanue ER. Chromogranin A Deficiency Confers Protection From Autoimmune Diabetes via Multiple Mechanisms. Diabetes 2021; 70:2860-2870. [PMID: 34497137 PMCID: PMC8660984 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of β-cell antigens by autoreactive T cells is a critical step in the initiation of autoimmune type1 diabetes. A complete protection from diabetes development in NOD mice harboring a point mutation in the insulin B-chain 9-23 epitope points to a dominant role of insulin in diabetogenesis. Generation of NOD mice lacking the chromogranin A protein (NOD.ChgA-/-) completely nullified the autoreactivity of the BDC2.5 T cell and conferred protection from diabetes onset. These results raised the issue concerning the dominant antigen that drives the autoimmune process. Here we revisited the NOD.ChgA-/- mice and found that their lack of diabetes development may not be solely explained by the absence of chromogranin A reactivity. NOD.ChgA-/- mice displayed reduced presentation of insulin peptides in the islets and periphery, which corresponded to impaired T-cell priming. Diabetes development in these mice was restored by antibody treatment targeting regulatory T cells or inhibiting transforming growth factor-β and programmed death-1 pathways. Therefore, the global deficiency of chromogranin A impairs recognition of the major diabetogenic antigen insulin, leading to broadly impaired autoimmune responses controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anthony N Vomund
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Orion J Peterson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rocky L Baker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiaoxiao Wan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Weber DM, Yang JY, Goldman SM, Clarke NJ, Taylor SW, McPhaul MJ. Antibody-Free Quantification of Serum Chromogranin A by Targeted Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1618-1627. [PMID: 34718463 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromogranin A (CgA) is a 48 kDa protein that serves as a diagnostically sensitive, but nonspecific, serum biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. Immunoassays for CgA are not standardized and have a narrow dynamic range, which requires dilution of concentrated specimens. We developed and validated an antibody-free, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based method for CgA without these limitations. METHODS CgA was extracted from serum using a mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction plate, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using well-characterized CgA calibration standards. After validation, the mass spectrometry method was compared with the CISBIO immunoassay using 200 serum specimens previously submitted for CgA analysis. Specimens with discordant results were reanalyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry- (HRMS) -based methods to assess the contribution of truncated and post-translationally modified forms of CgA. RESULTS The assay had a linear range of 50 to 50 000 ng/mL, recoveries between 89% and 115%, and intra- and interassay imprecision <10%. LC-MS/MS assay results showed a Pearson's correlation of r = 0.953 with the CISBIO immunoassay, with CgA values being a mean 2- to 4-fold higher. Concordance for CgA between the 2 assays was 80.9% (95% CI 72.8%-89.2%), showing substantial agreement. Truncation and posttranslational modification, including 2 phosphorylation sites that had not been previously observed or predicted to our knowledge, did not appear to contribute directly to discordance between the 2 assays. CONCLUSION Quantification of CgA by LC-MS/MS provides an analytically sensitive and reproducible alternative to commercially available immunoassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Weber
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Jane Y Yang
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Goldman
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Clarke
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Taylor
- Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saito C, Ido-Matsumoto H, Kumazaki H, Kubo T, Kanazawa T, Takahashi T. Development of enzyme immunoassay for chromogranin A (CgA) and profiling of plasma CgA concentrations in the cow. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13542. [PMID: 33723871 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to establish and characterize a homologous immunoassay for bovine chromogranin A (bCgA) and to profile plasma bCgA concentrations during early pregnancies. We synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 341-355 of bCgA for immunizing rabbits and peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 336-365 of bCgA for both a biotinylated tracer and reference standards. Recombinant bCgA protein was also generated in Escherichia coli lysate. Dose-dependent displacement curves were obtained from 1 to 1,000 nM of the reference standards. The displacement curves showed a good relationship between the reference standards of the synthetic peptide and the serially diluted plasma sample or recombinant bCgA protein generated in the present study. The assay sensitivity defined as the value of two standard deviations below the zero standard was calculated as 0.46 nM. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.48% and 13.4%, respectively. Changes in the plasma bCgA concentrations in early pregnancies undulated in nonpregnant animals. The results of the present study suggest that assaying plasma bCgA concentrations could be utilized as measures to evaluate the physiological status of cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Saito
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Haruka Ido-Matsumoto
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kumazaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kubo
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka City, Iwate, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nikpour M, Nilsson J, Persson A, Noborn F, Vorontsov E, Larson G. Proteoglycan profiling of human, rat and mouse insulin-secreting cells. Glycobiology 2021; 31:916-930. [PMID: 33997891 PMCID: PMC8434799 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are proteins with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) or heparan sulfate (HS), attached to serine residues. We have earlier shown that prohormones can carry CS, constituting a novel class of PGs. The mapping of GAG modifications of proteins in endocrine cells may thus assist us in delineating possible roles of PGs in endocrine cellular physiology. With this aim, we applied a glycoproteomic approach to identify PGs, their GAG chains and their attachment sites in insulin-secreting cells. Glycopeptides carrying GAG chains were enriched from human pancreatic islets, rat (INS-1 832/13) and mouse (MIN6, NIT-1) insulinoma cell lines by exchange chromatography, depolymerized with GAG lyases, and analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We identified CS modifications of chromogranin-A (CgA), islet amyloid polypeptide, secretogranin-1 and secretogranin-2, immunoglobulin superfamily member 10, and protein AMBP. Additionally, we identified two HS-modified prohormones (CgA and secretogranin-1), which was surprising, as prohormones are not typically regarded as HSPGs. For CgA, the glycosylation site carried either CS or HS, making it a so-called hybrid site. Additional HS sites were found on syndecan-1, syndecan-4, nerurexin-2, protein NDNF and testican-1. These results demonstrate that several prohormones, and other constituents of the insulin-secreting cells are PGs. Cell-targeted mapping of the GAG glycoproteome forms an important basis for better understanding of endocrine cellular physiology, and the novel CS and HS sites presented here provide important knowledge for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Nikpour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Egor Vorontsov
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9E, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fahlman Å, Lindsjö J, Bergvall UA, Ågren EO, Norling TA, Stridsberg M, Kjellander P, Höglund O. Measurement of catestatin and vasostatin in wild boar Sus scrofa captured in a corral trap. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:337. [PMID: 34461992 PMCID: PMC8404316 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to analyse the chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin in serum from wild boar (Sus scrofa) captured in a corral trap. Acute capture-related stress quickly leads to a release of adrenalin and noradrenalin, but these hormones have a short half-life in blood and are difficult to measure. Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein which is co-released with noradrenalin and adrenalin, is relatively stable in circulation and the CgA-derived peptides catestatin and vasostatin have been measured in domestic species, but not yet in wildlife. Results Vasostatin and catestatin could be measured and the median (range) serum concentrations were 0.91 (0.54–2.86) and 0.65 (0.35–2.62) nmol/L, respectively. We conclude that the CgA-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin can be measured in wild boar serum and may thus be useful as biomarkers of psychophysical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Fahlman
- SLU Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johan Lindsjö
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, SLU, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika A Bergvall
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, SLU, 739 93, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Erik O Ågren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Arvén Norling
- Department of Organismal Biology, Genome Engineering Zebrafish, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Stridsberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petter Kjellander
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, SLU, 739 93, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Odd Höglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, SLU, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo H, Ye Z, Huang R. Clinical Outcomes of Concomitant Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:694698. [PMID: 34408652 PMCID: PMC8366318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.694698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The safety and efficacy associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) by patients with coronary artery disease receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) remain unclear. Methods: The evaluated outcomes included combined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A random effects meta-analysis, stratified by study design, was performed and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Results: In total, 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (6930 patients) and 16 observational studies (183,546 patients) were included. Analysis of RCTs showed that there were no significant differences in the incidences of MACEs (risk ratio [RR] = 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75–1.05]), MI (RR = 0.93 [95% CI = 0.76–1.15]), and all-cause mortality (RR = 0.79 [95% CI = 0.50–1.23]) in the PPI groups vs. the non-PPI groups. Pooled data from observational studies revealed an inconsistent association between the use of each PPI subtype and the increased risks of MACEs during clopidogrel treatment. There was no increased risk of MACEs or all-cause mortality associated with the use of PPIs (as a class) and other P2Y12 inhibitors. Both the RCTs and observational studies revealed that the use of PPIs significantly reduced the risks of GI bleeding. Conclusion: The use of PPIs was associated with a reduced risk of GI bleeding in patients treated with DAPT after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome. There was no clear evidence of an association between the use of PPIs and adverse cardiovascular events. Clinical Trial Registration: identifier [CRD42020190315]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Guo
- Cardiac Center/Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishuai Ye
- Cardiac Center/Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchong Huang
- Cardiac Center/Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Critical Appraisal of Contemporary and Novel Biomarkers in Pheochromocytomas and Adrenocortical Tumors. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070580. [PMID: 34201922 PMCID: PMC8301201 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGLs) and adrenocortical tumors are neoplasms that originate from different regions of the adrenal gland and display significant heterogeneity with respect to their biological and clinical behavior. They may be sporadic or develop in the context of hereditary syndromes. Adrenocortical tumors are mostly benign but less than 2% are carcinomas associated with a poor outcome when diagnosed in advanced disease. The majority of PPGLS are benign, but a subset may develop metastatic disease. In particular, for PPGLs, it is mandatory to identify biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity that lead to accurate diagnosis and predict patients with a malignant potential that would benefit from aggressive surveillance and administration of early treatment. Current biomarkers include mostly histopathological and genetic parameters but none of them can be considered independent predictive factors. Recent genomic studies have implemented new molecular biomarkers of high accuracy for the diagnosis and management of PPGLs and adrenocortical tumors. In this review, we summarize the current and novel biomarkers that may be considered valuable tools for diagnosis and prediction of malignancy in patients with PPGLs and adrenocortical tumors. Abstract Pheochromocytomas/Paragangliomas (PPGLs) and adrenocortical tumors are rare neoplasms with significant heterogeneity in their biologic and clinical behavior. Current diagnostic and predictive biomarkers include hormone secretion, as well as histopathological and genetic features. PPGL diagnosis is based on biochemical measurement of catecholamines/metanephrines, while histopathological scoring systems have been proposed to predict the risk of malignancy. Adrenocortical tumors are mostly benign, but some can be malignant. Currently, the stage of disease at diagnosis and tumor grade, appear to be the most powerful prognostic factors. However, recent genomic and proteomic studies have identified new genetic and circulating biomarkers, including genes, immunohistochemical markers and micro-RNAs that display high specificity and sensitivity as diagnostic or prognostic tools. In addition, new molecular classifications have been proposed that divide adrenal tumors in distinct subgroups with different clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
24
|
The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116118. [PMID: 34204153 PMCID: PMC8201018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Rao VKS, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Multiple roles for peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase in the response to hypoxia. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7745-7758. [PMID: 34061983 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of many of the peptides involved in homeostatic control requires peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an ancient, highly conserved copper- and ascorbate-dependent enzyme. Using the production of amidated chromogranin A to monitor PAM function in tumor cells, physiologically relevant levels of hypoxia were shown to inhibit this monooxygenase. The ability of primary pituitary cells exposed to hypoxic conditions for 4 h to produce amidated chromogranin A was similarly inhibited. The affinity of the purified monooxygenase for oxygen (Km = 99 ± 19 μM) was consistent with this result. The ability of PAM to alter secretory pathway behavior under normoxic conditions required its monooxygenase activity. Under normoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor 1a levels in dense cultures of corticotrope tumor cells expressing high levels of PAM exceeded those in control cells; expression of inactive monooxygenase did not have this effect. The effects of hypoxia on levels of two PAM-regulated genes (activating transcription factor 3 [Atf3] and FK506 binding protein 2 [Fkbp2]) differed in cells expressing high versus low levels of PAM. Putative hypoxia response elements occur in both human and mouse PAM, and hPAM has consistently been identified as one of the genes upregulated in response to hypoxia. Expression of PAM is also known to alter gene expression. A quarter of the genes consistently upregulated in response to hypoxia were downregulated following increased expression of PAM. Taken together, our data suggest roles for PAM and amidated peptide secretion in the coordination of tissue-specific responses to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwanatha K S Rao
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wei R, Wu Q, Ai N, Wang L, Zhou M, Shaw C, Chen T, Ye RD, Ge W, Siu SW, Kwok HF. A novel bioengineered fragment peptide of Vasostatin-1 exerts smooth muscle pharmacological activities and anti-angiogenic effects via blocking VEGFR signalling pathway. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2664-2675. [PMID: 34093983 PMCID: PMC8131715 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a hydrophilic glycoprotein released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. CgA consists of a single peptide chain containing numerous paired basic residues, which are typical cleavage sites in prohormones to generate bioactive peptides. It is recognized as a diagnostic and prognostic serum marker for neuroendocrine tumours. Vasostatin-1 is one of the most conserved regions of CgA and has diverse inhibitory biological activities. In this study, a novel peptide fragment that contains three typical functional structures of Vasostatin-1 was synthesized. This unique bioengineered Vasostatin-1 Derived Peptide (named V1DP) includes a highly conserved domain between vertebrate species in its N-terminal region, comprising a disulphide bridge formed by two cysteine residues at amino acid positions 17 and 38, respectively. Besides, V1DP contains two significant tripeptide recognition sequences: the amino acid triplets, RGD and KGD. Our data demonstrated that V1DP could induce a dose-dependent relaxation of rat arterial smooth muscle and also increase the contraction activity of rat uterus smooth muscle. More importantly, we found that V1DP inhibits cancer cell proliferation, modulate the HUVEC cell migration, and exhibit anti-angiogenesis effect both in vitro and in vivo. We further investigated the actual mechanism of V1DP, and our results confirmed that V1DP involves inhibiting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signalling. We docked V1DP to the apo structures of VEGFR2 and examined the stability of the peptide in the protein pockets. Our simulation and free energy calculations results indicated that V1DP can bind to the catalytic domain and regulatory domain pockets, depending on whether the conformational state of the protein is JM-in or JM-out. Taken together, our data suggested that V1DP plays a role as the regulator of endothelial cell function and smooth muscle pharmacological homeostasis. V1DP is a water-soluble and biologically stable peptide and could further develop as an anti-angiogenic drug for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- CCZU-JITRI Joint Bio-X Lab, School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qiushuang Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Nana Ai
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, Avenida de Universidade, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dequan Ye
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, Avenida de Universidade, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shirley W.I. Siu
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Corresponding author at: Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oster M, Reyer H, Gerlinger C, Trakooljul N, Siengdee P, Keiler J, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Wimmers K. mRNA Profiles of Porcine Parathyroid Glands Following Variable Phosphorus Supplies throughout Fetal and Postnatal Life. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050454. [PMID: 33922173 PMCID: PMC8146947 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of gene expression profiles reflecting functional features and specific responsiveness of parathyroid glands (PTGs) contributes to understanding mineral homeostasis and parathyroid function in healthy and diseased conditions. The study aims to reveal effector molecules driving the maintenance of phosphorus (P) homeostasis and parathyroid hormone (PTH) responsiveness to variable P supply throughout fetal and postnatal life. In this study, a long-term dietary intervention was performed by keeping pig offspring on distinct mineral P levels throughout fetal and postnatal life. Respective adaptation processes of P homeostasis were assessed in mRNA profiles of PTGs and serum minerals. RNA sequencing data and resulting molecular pathways of PTGs showed that the PTH abundance is very strictly controlled via e.g., PIN1, CaSR, MAfB, PLC and PKA signaling to regulate PTH expression, stability, and secretion. Additionally, the observed dietary effects on collagen expression indicate shifts in the ratio between connective tissue and parenchyma, thereby affecting cell-cell contacts as another line of PTH regulation. Taken together, the mRNA profiles of porcine PTGs reflect physiological responses in-vivo following variable dietary P supplies during fetal and postnatal life. The results serve to evaluate a long-term nutrition strategy with implications for improving the mineral balance in individuals with pathological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Christian Gerlinger
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Jonas Keiler
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Petra Wolf
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (M.O.); (H.R.); (C.G.); (N.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-382-086-8600
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rüb AM, Tsakmaklis A, Gräfe SK, Simon MC, Vehreschild MJ, Wuethrich I. Biomarkers of human gut microbiota diversity and dysbiosis. Biomark Med 2021; 15:137-148. [PMID: 33442994 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with various human diseases is being substantiated with increasing evidence. Metabolites derived from both, microbiota and the human host play a central role in disease susceptibility and disease progression by extensively modulating host physiology and metabolism. Several of these metabolites have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring disease states in conjunction with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. In this narrative review we evaluate the potential of trimethylamine-N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, 3-indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, secondary bile acids, hippurate, human β-defensin-2, chromogranin A, secreted immunoglobulins and zonulin to serve as biomarkers for metabolite profiling and diagnostic suitability for dysbiosis and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina M Rüb
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaklis
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie K Gräfe
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Nutrition & Microbiota, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Jgt Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Irene Wuethrich
- Department of Biosystems Science & Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Eissa N, Elgazzar O, Hussein H, Hendy GN, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Pancreastatin Reduces Alternatively Activated Macrophages, Disrupts the Epithelial Homeostasis and Aggravates Colonic Inflammation. A Descriptive Analysis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020134. [PMID: 33535452 PMCID: PMC7912769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by modifying alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) and epithelial homeostasis. Chromogranin-A (CHGA), released by enterochromaffin cells, is elevated in UC and is implicated in inflammation progression. CHGA can be cleaved into several derived peptides, including pancreastatin (PST), which is involved in proinflammatory mechanisms. Previously, we showed that the deletion of Chga decreased the onset and severity of colitis correlated with an increase in AAM and epithelial cells’ functions. Here, we investigated PST activity in colonic biopsies of participants with active UC and investigated PST treatment in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis using Chga−/− mice, macrophages, and a human colonic epithelial cells line. We found that the colonic protein expression of PST correlated negatively with mRNA expression of AAM markers and tight junction (TJ) proteins and positively with mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-8, IL18, and collagen in human. In a preclinical setting, intra-rectal administration of PST aggravated DSS-induced colitis by decreasing AAM’s functions, enhancing colonic collagen deposition and disrupting epithelial homeostasis in Chga+/+ and Chga−/− mice. This effect was associated with a significant reduction in AAM markers, increased colonic IL-18 release, and decreased TJ proteins’ gene expression. In vitro, PST reduced Chga+/+ and Chga−/− AAM polarization and decreased anti-inflammatory mediators’ production. Conditioned medium harvested from PST-treated Chga+/+ and Chga−/− AAM reduced Caco-2 cell migration, viability, proliferation, and mRNA levels of TJ proteins and increased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines release. In conclusion, PST is a CHGA proinflammatory peptide that enhances the severity of colitis and the inflammatory process via decreasing AAM functions and disrupting epithelial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada or (N.E.); (O.E.)
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- The IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Omar Elgazzar
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada or (N.E.); (O.E.)
| | - Hayam Hussein
- National Research Centre, Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Geoffrey N. Hendy
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- The IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada or (N.E.); (O.E.)
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- The IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Klimek A, Rogalska J. Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field as a Stress Factor-Really Detrimental?-Insight into Literature from the Last Decade. Brain Sci 2021; 11:174. [PMID: 33572550 PMCID: PMC7912337 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and its consequences on human health have become the subject of important and recurrent public debate. ELF-MF evokes cell/organism responses that are characteristic to a general stress reaction, thus it can be regarded as a stress factor. Exposure to ELF-MF "turns on" different intracellular mechanisms into both directions: compensatory or deleterious ones. ELF-MF can provoke morphological and physiological changes in stress-related systems, mainly nervous, hormonal, and immunological ones. This review summarizes the ELF-MF-mediated changes at various levels of the organism organization. Special attention is placed on the review of literature from the last decade. Most studies on ELF-MF effects concentrate on its negative influence, e.g., impairment of behavior towards depressive and anxiety disorders; however, in the last decade there was an increase in the number of research studies showing stimulating impact of ELF-MF on neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation. In the face of numerous studies on the ELF-MF action, it is necessary to systematize the knowledge for a better understanding of the phenomenon, in order to reduce the risk associated with the exposure to this factor and to recognize the possibility of using it as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yibirin M, De Oliveira D, Valera R, Plitt AE, Lutgen S. Adverse Effects Associated with Proton Pump Inhibitor Use. Cureus 2021; 13:e12759. [PMID: 33614352 PMCID: PMC7887997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) marked a before and after in the management of gastric acid-related disorders since their introduction to the market in 1989. Due to a novel, highly effective mechanism of action blocking the last converging step of gastric acid secretion by parietal cells and very few and mostly tolerable side effects, these drugs quickly displaced other pharmacological compounds such as H2 antagonists as the first treatment choice for peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated ulcers, and eradication of Helicobacter pylori, leading to an exponential increase in their prescription up to now. However, widespread PPI use has led to emerging evidence of long-term adverse effects not described previously, including increased risk of kidney, liver, and cardiovascular disease, dementia, enteroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, susceptibility to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, and impaired absorption of nutrients. Although the evidence published thus far has not established strong correlations, it has been relevant enough to raise new questions about PPIs' safety profile and reconsideration of their clinical indications. Hence, the aim of this review is to evaluate the association between PPI use and the risk of serious adverse effects given increasing concerns about the overuse of PPIs in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Yibirin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Diana De Oliveira
- Department of Research, Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiological Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN), Caracas, VEN
| | - Roberto Valera
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, USA
| | - Andrea E Plitt
- Critical Care, Dr. Ignacio Pirovano Hospital, Buenos Aires, ARG
| | - Sophia Lutgen
- Internal Medicine, Dr Juan A. Fernández Hospital, Buenos Aires, ARG
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Catestatin peptide of chromogranin A as a potential new target for several risk factors management in the course of metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111113. [PMID: 33341043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, lipodystrophy, diabetes, and hypertension collectively constitute the main features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), together with insulin resistance (IR), which is considered as a defining element. MetS generally leads to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a determinant cause of mortality and morbidity in humans and animals. Therefore, it is essential to implement and put in place adequate management strategies for the treatment of this disease. Catestatin is a bioactive peptide with 21 amino acids, which is derived through cleaving of the prohormone chromogranin A (CHGA/CgA) that is co-released with catecholamines from secretory vesicles and, which is responsible for hepatic/plasma lipids and insulin levels regulation, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces hypertension and attenuates obesity in murine models. In humans, there were few published studies, which showed that low levels of catestatin are significant risk factors for hypertension in adult patients. These accumulating evidence documents clearly that catestatin peptide (CST) is linked to inflammatory and metabolic syndrome diseases and can be a novel regulator of insulin and lipid levels, blood pressure, and cardiac function. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the CST effects in metabolic syndrome given its role in metabolic regulation and thus, provide new insights into the use of CST as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
33
|
Eissa N, Hussein H, Tshikudi DM, Hendy GN, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Interdependence between Chromogranin-A, Alternatively Activated Macrophages, Tight Junction Proteins and the Epithelial Functions. A Human and In-Vivo/In-Vitro Descriptive Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217976. [PMID: 33121008 PMCID: PMC7662632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by altered chromogranin-A (CHGA), alternatively activated macrophages (M2) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We previously demonstrated that CHGA is implicated in colitis progression by regulating the macrophages. Here, we investigated the interplay between CHGA, M2, tight junctions (TJ) and IECs in an inflammatory environment. Methods: Correlations between CHGA mRNA expression of and TJ proteins mRNA expressions of (Occludin [OCLN], zonula occludens-1 [ZO1], Claudin-1 [CLDN1]), epithelial associated cytokines (interleukin [IL]-8, IL-18), and collagen (COL1A2) were determined in human colonic mucosal biopsies isolated from active UC and healthy patients. Acute UC-like colitis (5% dextran sulphate sodium [DSS], five days) was induced in Chga-C57BL/6-deficient (Chga−/−) and wild type (Chga+/+) mice. Col1a2 TJ proteins, Il-18 mRNA expression and collagen deposition were determined in whole colonic sections. Naïve Chga−/− and Chga+/+ peritoneal macrophages were isolated and exposed six hours to IL-4/IL-13 (20 ng/mL) to promote M2 and generate M2-conditioned supernatant. Caco-2 epithelial cells were cultured in the presence of Chga−/− and Chga+/+ non- or M2-conditioned supernatant for 24 h then exposed to 5% DSS for 24 h, and their functional properties were assessed. Results: In humans, CHGA mRNA correlated positively with COL1A2, IL-8 and IL-18, and negatively with TJ proteins mRNA markers. In the experimental model, the deletion of Chga reduced IL-18 mRNA and its release, COL1A2 mRNA and colonic collagen deposition, and maintained colonic TJ proteins. Chga−/− M2-conditioned supernatant protected caco-2 cells from DSS and oxidative stress injuries by improving caco-2 cells functions (proliferation, viability, wound healing) and by decreasing the release of IL-8 and IL-18 and by maintaining the levels of TJ proteins, and when compared with Chga+/+ M2-conditioned supernatant. Conclusions: CHGA contributes to the development of intestinal inflammation through the regulation of M2 and epithelial cells. Targeting CHGA may lead to novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (N.E.); (D.M.T.)
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Diane M. Tshikudi
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (N.E.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Geoffrey N. Hendy
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications, McGill University Health Centre-Research Institute, Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (N.E.); (D.M.T.)
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(204)-789-3802; Fax: +1-(204)-789-3921-431
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aburjania Z, Whitt JD, Jang S, Nadkarni DH, Chen H, Rose JB, Velu SE, Jaskula-Sztul R. Synthetic Makaluvamine Analogs Decrease c-Kit Expression and Are Cytotoxic to Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214940. [PMID: 33114525 PMCID: PMC7663375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to discover viable systemic chemotherapeutic agents for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), we screened a small library of 18 drug-like compounds obtained from the Velu lab against pulmonary (H727) and thyroid (MZ-CRC-1 and TT) neuroendocrine tumor-derived cell lines. Two potent lead compounds (DHN-II-84 and DHN-III-14) identified from this screening were found to be analogs of the natural product makaluvamine. We further characterized the antitumor activities of these two compounds using pulmonary (H727), thyroid (MZ-CRC-1) and pancreatic (BON) neuroendocrine tumor cell lines. Flow cytometry showed a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis in all cell lines. Induction of apoptosis with these compounds was also supported by the decrease in myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) and X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) detected by Western blot. Compound treatment decreased NET markers chromogranin A (CgA) and achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the gene expression analysis showed that the compound treatment reduced c-Kit proto-oncogene expression in the NET cell lines. Induction of apoptosis could also have been caused by the inhibition of c-Kit expression, in addition to the known mechanisms such as damage of DNA by topoisomerase II inhibition for this class of compounds. In summary, makaluvamine analogs DHN-II-84 and DHN-III-14 induced apoptosis, decreased neuroendocrine tumor markers, and showed promising antitumor activity in pulmonary, thyroid, and pancreatic NET cell lines, and hold potential to be developed as an effective treatment to combat neuroendocrine tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zviadi Aburjania
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Z.A.); (J.D.W.); (S.J.); (H.C.); (J.B.R.)
| | - Jason D. Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Z.A.); (J.D.W.); (S.J.); (H.C.); (J.B.R.)
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Z.A.); (J.D.W.); (S.J.); (H.C.); (J.B.R.)
| | - Dwayaja H. Nadkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Z.A.); (J.D.W.); (S.J.); (H.C.); (J.B.R.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J. Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Z.A.); (J.D.W.); (S.J.); (H.C.); (J.B.R.)
| | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (S.E.V.); (R.J.-S.); Tel.: +1-(205)-975-2478 (S.E.V.); +1-(205)-975-3507 (R.J.-S.); Fax: +1-(205)-934-2543 (S.E.V.); +1-(205)-934-0135 (R.J.-S.)
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue S., Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (Z.A.); (J.D.W.); (S.J.); (H.C.); (J.B.R.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (S.E.V.); (R.J.-S.); Tel.: +1-(205)-975-2478 (S.E.V.); +1-(205)-975-3507 (R.J.-S.); Fax: +1-(205)-934-2543 (S.E.V.); +1-(205)-934-0135 (R.J.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Johnston E, Buckley M. Relative Protein Abundances and Biological Ageing in Whole Skeletal Elements. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:538-548. [PMID: 33089684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Establishing biological age is an integral part of forensic investigations, currently achieved through morphological methods with varying degrees of accuracy. Furthermore, biological ageing is much easier in juveniles than in adults, at which point traditional ageing methods struggle. Therefore, biomolecular approaches are considered of great interest, with several protein markers already recognized for their potential forensic significance. However, previous studies have typically relied on subsampling different parts of skeletal elements. Here, we attempt to evaluate the proteome of complete elements using a rat model. In the analysis of specimens spanning beyond adulthood (1 week to 1.5 years), we observed 729 unique proteins across 33 samples (three for each sex for each of the five (female) or six (male)), five of which represent newly identified proteins in relation to age estimation: vimentin, osteopontin, matrilin-1, apolipoprotein A-I, and prothrombin. Most of these follow the trend of decreasing abundance through age, with the exception of prothrombin that increases. We consider the combined use of these relative abundances, along with those of previously noted fetuin-A, biglycan, albumin, and chromogranin-A signatures, as being of potential value to the development of an age estimation tool worthy of further evaluation in forensic contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Johnston
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Michael Buckley
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tomita T. Significance of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:336-346. [PMID: 32020844 PMCID: PMC7416176 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most commonly used immunohistochemical markers for neuroendocrine cells and their tumors are chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SPY). CgA is a marker for neuroendocrine secretory granules of four pancreatic hormones and gastrin while SPY is a marker for synaptic vesicles in neuroendocrine cells, which release classic neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and others. CgA is involved in synthesis and secretion of peptide hormones through exocytosis while the function of SPY is elusive. Thirty-five pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs) were studied, consisting of 14 insulinomas, 8 gastrinomas, 2 glucagonomas, 6 pancreatic polypeptidomas and 5 non-functioning tumors, and were immunostained for four pancreatic hormones, gastrin, CgA, and SPY. Majority of Pan-NETs were less immunostained for the endocrine hormones and CgA than the normal pancreatic endocrine cells. CgA immunostaining mostly correlates with each hormone staining in non-β-cell tumors, while SPY immunostaining recognizes endocrine cells diffusely in the cytoplasm. CgA immunostaining is less in insulinomas than in non-β-cell tumors, and CgA immunostaining may distinguish CgA-weaker insulinomas from CgA-stronger non-β-cell tumors. CgA immunostaining may be used as an independent marker for biological aggressiveness in non-β-cell Pan-NETs. The serum CgA levels are higher in subjects harboring non-β-cell tumors than those harboring insulinomas, and the serum CgA elevates in parallel to the increasing metastatic tumor mass. Thus, CgA positive immunostaining in Pan-NETs correlates with the elevated serum levels of CgA for diagnosing CgA-positive non-β-cell Pan-NETs and the increasing serum CgA levels indicate increasing metastatic tumor mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Tomita
- Departments of Integrative Biosciences and Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tarantino N, Santoro F, Di Biase L, Di Terlizzi V, Vitale E, Barone R, Della Rocca DG, De Leon De La Cruz NS, Di Biase M, Brunetti ND. Chromogranin-A serum levels in patients with takotsubo syndrome and ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2020; 320:12-17. [PMID: 32739447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathergic hyperactivity is considered one of the main trigger precipitating takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Chromogranin-A (CgA), a prognostic biomarker of sympatho-adrenal activation, is markedly high in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart failure (HF), but its role in TTS is unknown. METHODS CgA serum levels from patients with TTS and symptoms onset <24 hours were consecutively evaluated and compared with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients from November 2016 to December 2019. Short and long-term follow-up data were recorded. RESULTS Eleven women with TTS and 10 subjects with anterior STEMI were analyzed and compared; differences were not significant in terms of age, gender and cardiovascular risk factors. NT-pro-BNP levels were similar (9,887 ± 12,170 vs 8,969 ± 15,053 pg/ml, p = .88), while troponin-I levels were higher in patients with STEMI (4 ± 3.2 vs 13.3 ± 10 ng/dl, p = .03). CgA admission levels were significantly lower in TTS patients (2.2 ± 1.5 vs 7.3 ± 6.2 nMol/l, p = .017), even after multivariable correction for principal bias. CgA levels correlated with NTproBNP levels (p = .02) and were higher in subjects with in-hospital events (3.7 ± 1.1 vs 1.6 ± 1.2 nMol/l, p = .03), even after multivariable forward stepwise analysis (p < .01). CgA levels <3.25 nMol/l (AUC 0.754, 95% C.I. 0.54-0.968) were able to discriminate TTS from anterior STEMI (negative predictive power of 99%). CONCLUSIONS Systemic CgA levels in the acute phase of TTS are lower than in anterior STEMI, possibly indicating a greater myocardial catecholamine release rather than adrenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tarantino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Di Biase
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhyhtmia Institute (TCAI) at St. David's Hospital, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Vito Di Terlizzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Enrica Vitale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberta Barone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Matteo Di Biase
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
López-Pérez Ó, Bernal-Martín M, Hernaiz A, Llorens F, Betancor M, Otero A, Toivonen JM, Zaragoza P, Zerr I, Badiola JJ, Bolea R, Martín-Burriel I. BAMBI and CHGA in Prion Diseases: Neuropathological Assessment and Potential Role as Disease Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050706. [PMID: 32370154 PMCID: PMC7277700 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases affect both animals and humans. Research in the natural animal model of the disease could help in the understanding of neuropathological mechanisms and in the development of biomarkers for human pathologies. For this purpose, we studied the expression of 10 genes involved in prion propagation in vitro in the central nervous system of scrapie-infected sheep. Dysregulated genes (BAMBI and CHGA) were further analysed in a transgenic murine model (Tg338) of scrapie, and their protein distribution was determined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Their potential as biomarkers was finally assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of scrapie sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients. Protein BAMBI was upregulated in highly affected brain areas and CHGA was overexpressed along the brain in both models. Moreover, BAMBI and CHGA immunostaining scores strongly correlated with spongiosis and microgliosis in mice. Finally, levels of BAMBI were significantly higher in the CSF of clinical sheep and CJD patients. In addition to their potential as biomarkers, our work confirms the role of BAMBI and CHGA in prion neuropathology in vivo, but besides prion replication, they seem to be involved in the characteristic neuroinflammatory response associated to prion infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar López-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ó.L.-P.); (M.B.-M.); (A.H.); (J.M.T.); (P.Z.)
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.); (A.O.); (J.J.B.); (R.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Bernal-Martín
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ó.L.-P.); (M.B.-M.); (A.H.); (J.M.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Adelaida Hernaiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ó.L.-P.); (M.B.-M.); (A.H.); (J.M.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Franc Llorens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical School, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Marina Betancor
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.); (A.O.); (J.J.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Alicia Otero
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.); (A.O.); (J.J.B.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Janne Markus Toivonen
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ó.L.-P.); (M.B.-M.); (A.H.); (J.M.T.); (P.Z.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ó.L.-P.); (M.B.-M.); (A.H.); (J.M.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical School, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.); (A.O.); (J.J.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.); (A.O.); (J.J.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Inmaculada Martín-Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ó.L.-P.); (M.B.-M.); (A.H.); (J.M.T.); (P.Z.)
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CEETE), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón-IISA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.B.); (A.O.); (J.J.B.); (R.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-653-638-749
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dang H, Li J, Liu C, Xu F. Chromogranin A provides additional prognostic information in children with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease: A prospective observational study. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:367-374. [PMID: 32109626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is associated with high mortality in children, and persistent sympathetic activation is a common presentation. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate serum chromogranin A (CHGA) levels and their prognostic role in this condition. METHODS Serum CHGA, creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), serum D-dimer, norepinephrine, blood glucose, lactate, and C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell (WBC) counts, usage of vasopressors, pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM-Ⅲ) scores, and viral etiology were measured upon pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. The correlation between clinical outcomes and the indicators listed above were analyzed, and the ability of CHGA as a biomarker to predict mortality was evaluated. RESULTS Serum CHGA levels were higher in the non-survivors group than in the survivors group (median (interquartile range): 434.8 (374.3-502.4) vs 183.3 (131.9-246.9) μg/l; p < 0.001) and were correlated with norepinephrine (r = 0.37. p < 0.001), blood glucose (r = 0.32, p = 0.001), lactate (r = 0.25, p = 0.009), WBC (r = 0.20, p = 0.039), and PRISM-Ⅲ scores (r = 0.748, p < 0.0001). Patients suffering neurogenic pulmonary edema, those infected with enterovirus A71, and those requiring more vasopressors had higher serum CHGA levels (median (interquartile range): 385 (239.9-488.8) vs 161 (115.6-222.9), 340.6 (190.6-436.0) vs 150.5 (112.1-210.0), 395.6 (209.1-487.0) vs 167.7 (110.5-240.5) μg/l, respectively; p < 0.0001). The CHGA level upon PICU admission in severe HFMD could be an independent risk factor for mortality (adjusted odds ratio 2.459, 95% confidence interval 1.054-5.906, p = 0.038) with high specificity (87.5%) and sensitivity (82.6%) (cut-off value at 339.6 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS The CHGA level in severe HFMD was found to be associated with cardiopulmonary failure. If measured upon PICU admission, CHGA may provide additional prognostic information in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Dang
- Department of PICU, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of PICU, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- Department of PICU, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of PICU, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Melita H, Katsiki N, Manolis AS. Proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular adverse effects: Real or surreal worries? Eur J Intern Med 2020; 72:15-26. [PMID: 31796246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely prescribed agents, either for treatment or prophylaxis of gastrointestinal (GI) disease, that are often administered for prolonged or chronic use. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease frequently receive PPIs for prophylaxis against GI bleeding due to common use of antithrombotic drugs. Over the last several years there is a growing number of reports associating chronic PPI use with a variety of serious CV and non-CV adverse effects. In this context, PPI use has been independently associated with an increased risk of CV morbidity (myocardial infarction, stroke, other CV events) and mortality. However, the critique remains that these data do not largely derive from randomized controlled trials. On the other hand, in certain conditions, the benefits of PPIs may outweigh the risks of adverse CV effects. As the indications for prolonged, particularly lifelong, prophylactic use of PPIs are not compelling and in the light of evidence of serious CV and other adverse effects, clinicians have to reconsider such long-term use of these drugs. Importantly, histamine 2 blockers have not been found to be associated with increased CV risk and thus may be an alternative therapeutic option in certain patients. These issues are amply discussed together with the potential mechanisms of these pleiotropic and off-target effects of PPIs, which are also depicted in an illustrative schema; data are also presented on differential effects of specific agents involved, alternative modes of therapy available, and relevant current guidelines on this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis S Manolis
- Third and First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Ippokrateio Hospital, Vas. Sofias 114, Athens 115 27, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Malczewska A, Kidd M, Matar S, Kos-Kudła B, Bodei L, Oberg K, Modlin IM. An Assessment of Circulating Chromogranin A as a Biomarker of Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:198-216. [PMID: 31266019 DOI: 10.1159/000500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN; pulmonary carcinoids [PCs], small-cell lung cancer [SCLC], and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) is hampered by the paucity of biomarkers. Chromogranin A (CgA), the default neuroendocrine tumor biomarker, has undergone wide assessment in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. OBJECTIVES To evaluate CgA in lung NEN, define its clinical utility as a biomarker, assess its diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive efficacy, as well as its accuracy in the identification of disease recurrence. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed was undertaken using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. No language restrictions were applied. Overall, 33 original scientific papers and 3 case reports, which met inclusion criteria, were included in qualitative analysis, and meta-analysis thereafter. All studies, except 2, were retrospective. Meta-analysis statistical assessment by generic inverse variance methodology. RESULTS Ten different CgA assay types were reported, without consistency in the upper limit of normal (ULN). For PCs (n = 16 studies; median patient inclusion 21 [range 1-200, total: 591 patients]), the CgA diagnostic sensitivity was 34.5 ± 2.7% with a specificity of 93.8 ± 4.7. CgA metrics were not available separately for typical or atypical carcinoids. CgA >100 ng/mL (2.7 × ULN) and >600 ng/mL (ULN unspecified) were anecdotally prognostic for overall survival (n = 2 retrospective studies). No evidence was presented for predicting treatment response or identifying post-surgery residual disease. For SCLC (n = 19 studies; median patient inclusion 23 [range 5-251, total: 1,241 patients]), the mean diagnostic sensitivity was 59.9 ± 6.8% and specificity 79.4 ± 3.1. Extensive disease typically exhibited higher CgA levels (diagnostic accuracy: 61 ± 2.5%). An elevated CgA was prognostic for overall survival (n = 4 retrospective studies). No prospective studies evaluating predictive benefit or prognostic utility were identified. CONCLUSION The available data are scarce. An assessment of all published data showed that CgA exhibits major limitations as an effective and accurate biomarker for either PC or SCLC. Its utility especially for localized PC/limited SCLC (when surgery is potentially curative), is limited. The clinical value of CgA remains to be determined. This requires validated, well-constructed, multicenter, prospective, randomized studies. An assessment of all published data indicates that CgA does not exhibit the minimum required metrics to function as a clinically useful biomarker for lung NENs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malczewska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mark Kidd
- Wren Laboratories, Branford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Somer Matar
- Wren Laboratories, Branford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lisa Bodei
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kjell Oberg
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irvin M Modlin
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Y, Song Y, Dang W, Guo L, Xu W. The associations between anxiety/depression and plasma chromogranin A among healthy workers: Results from EHOP study. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12113. [PMID: 32515855 PMCID: PMC7006243 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chromogranin A (CgA) is regarded as an indicator of sympathetic tone and adrenomedullary system activity. Catestatin is one of CgA-derived fragments through proteolytic processing. Many studies have confirmed the correlation between anxiety/depression and the salivary CgA level. The study was to investigate the associations between anxiety/depression and plasma CgA/catestatin levels in healthy workers without cardiovascular disease. METHODS The study included 263 healthy workers (175 men and 88 women). The symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS In bivariate correlation analysis, anxiety and depression were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.298, P < .001; r = 0.304, P < .001), but not significantly associated with plasma catestatin level. The anxiety group had significantly higher plasma CgA level than that in the no-anxiety group (median 158.60 vs 70.90, P < .001). The similar results were found for depression scales. The depression group had significantly higher plasma CgA level (median 145.60 vs 82.40, P < .001). In the multiple linear regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, anxiety was positively correlated with plasma CgA level (β = 0.359, P < .001), while anxiety was negatively correlated with plasma catestatin level (β = -0.128, P = .044), depression was also positively correlated with plasma CgA level (β = 0.343, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma CgA was associated with anxiety and depression in healthy workers. It can be considered as the blood indicator for the evaluation of anxiety and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Weimin Dang
- Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Lijun Guo
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Weixian Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular MedicinePeking University Third HospitalKey Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of HealthKey Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors ResearchBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chromogranin A in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040586. [PMID: 31027285 PMCID: PMC6521298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work discusses the clinical performance of chromogranin A (CGA), a commonly measured marker in neuroendocrine neoplasms, for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). Plasma CGA (cut-off value 150 µg/L) was determined by an immunoradiometric assay. Free metanephrine (cut-off value 100 ng/L) and normetanephrine (cut-off value 170 ng/L) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were collected from PPGL patients preoperatively, one week, six months, one year and two years after adrenal gland surgery. The control patients not diagnosed with PPGL suffered from adrenal problems or from MEN2 and thyroid carcinoma. The clinical sensitivity in the PPGL group of patients (n = 71) based on CGA is 90% and is below the clinical sensitivity determined by metanephrines (97%). The clinical specificity based on all plasma CGA values after surgery (n = 98) is 99% and is the same for metanephrines assays. The clinical specificity of CGA in the control group (n = 85) was 92% or 99% using metanephrines tests. We can conclude that plasma CGA can serve as an appropriate complement to metanephrines assays in laboratory diagnosis of PPGL patients. CGA is elevated in PPGLs, as well as in other neuroendocrine or non-neuroendocrine neoplasia and under clinical conditions increasing adrenergic activity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Neutrophil count as the centerpiece in the joined association networks of inflammatory and cell damage markers, and neuroendocrine stress markers in patients with stable angina pectoris following stenting. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215209. [PMID: 30973928 PMCID: PMC6459524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary aim of this study was to examine whether markers of cell damage and of the psycho-neuroendocrino-inflammatory/immune (PNI) system could be associated in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) on the next day following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Materials and methods Blood samples of 23 patients (18 men and five women, mean age 62.9 ± 10.6 years), were collected immediately before (pre-PCI), immediately after (post-PCI), and on the day following PCI (1d-PCI). Lactoferrin, LL-37 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed in plasma, in addition to cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA), as well as CK, ASAT and ALAT. Total and differential leukocyte counts were also analysed. Results At all the three time points, the monocyte fractions, the monocyte-to-lymphocyte and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and CgA levels were elevated. We detected significant peri-procedural changes in the plasma levels of our PNI markers: IL-6 (p<0.05), lactoferrin, LL-37 (both: p <0.0001), CgA, (p<0.05), and cortisol (p<0.01). On the first day after PCI, highly significant associations were found of ASAT with IL-6 and neutrophil count (both: r>0.75, p<0.0001), and of CgA with neutrophil count and monocyte count (both: r>0.79, p<0.0001); furthermore, cortisol was also associated with neutrophil count (r>0.7, p<0.0001). Conclusions The findings suggest that myocardial damage could correlate not only with an inflammatory reaction but, via neutrophil count, also with increased level of stress in stable CAD after PCI. Furthermore, 1d-PCI neutrophil count may serve as an easy-to-obtain integrative PNI measure in stable CAD.
Collapse
|
47
|
Herrera-Martínez AD, Hofland LJ, Gálvez Moreno MA, Castaño JP, de Herder WW, Feelders RA. Neuroendocrine neoplasms: current and potential diagnostic, predictive and prognostic markers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R157-R179. [PMID: 30615596 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some biomarkers for functioning and non-functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are currently available. Despite their application in clinical practice, results should be interpreted cautiously. Considering the variable sensitivity and specificity of these parameters, there is an unmet need for novel biomarkers to improve diagnosis and predict patient outcome. Nowadays, several new biomarkers are being evaluated and may become future tools for the management of NENs. These biomarkers include (1) peptides and growth factors; (2) DNA and RNA markers based on genomics analysis, for example, the so-called NET test, which has been developed for analyzing gene transcripts in circulating blood; (3) circulating tumor/endothelial/progenitor cells or cell-free tumor DNA, which represent minimally invasive methods that would provide additional information for monitoring treatment response and (4) improved imaging techniques with novel radiolabeled somatostatin analogs or peptides. Below we summarize some future directions in the development of novel diagnostic and predictive/prognostic biomarkers in NENs. This review is focused on circulating and selected tissue markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - María A Gálvez Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wouter W de Herder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A Feelders
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
This paper is number 6 in a series developed through a partnership between ISIMM and Nordic IHC Quality Control with the purpose of reporting research assessing the performance characteristics of immunoassays in an external proficiency testing program.
Collapse
|
49
|
Edwards KL, Edes AN, Brown JL. Stress, Well-Being and Reproductive Success. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1200:91-162. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23633-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
50
|
Tatullo M, Codispoti B, Makeeva I, Benincasa C, Spagnuolo G. From Mouth to Brain: Neuroendocrine Markers Play as a Crosstalk Among Oral and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 31263455 PMCID: PMC6584809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system consists of various cells distributed in non-endocrine functional structures, able to synthesize amines and peptides with both local (paracrine) and systemic (endocrine) effects. The presence of such cells, belonging to the neuroendocrine system, is highlighted by the presence of neuroendocrine markers: the most suggestive are chromogranin A, synaptophysin, S-100B protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The presence of neuroendocrine markers is commonly associated to the occurrence of neuroendocrine cancers, currently representing the 0.5 percent of all malignant tumors. Nevertheless, neuroendocrine markers have been found to be overexpressed in rare oral neuroendocrine tumors, but also in quite common inflammatory conditions, such as severe periodontitis. The monitoring of neuroendocrine markers is, thus, a common factor of interest among dentistry and neurology: the analysis of neuroendocrine markers in oral diseases may be predictive and prognostic about the severity of neurological diseases, such as lateral amyotrophic sclerosis and traumatic brain injuries. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the role of neuroendocrine molecules as advantageous diagnostic and prognostic markers for both oral diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tatullo
- Biomedical Section, Tecnologica Research Institute, Crotone, Italy
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Marco Tatullo
| | - Bruna Codispoti
- Biomedical Section, Tecnologica Research Institute, Crotone, Italy
| | - Irina Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Sechenov University Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|