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Chen C, Chang CC, Lee IT, Huang CY, Lin FY, Lin SJ, Chen JW, Chang TT. High-density lipoprotein protects vascular endothelial cells from indoxyl sulfate insults through its antioxidant ability. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2409-2423. [PMID: 38129288 PMCID: PMC10802207 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2296184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin that has been shown to inhibit nitric oxide production and cause cell senescence by inducing oxidative stress. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system; however, its impacts on IS-damaged endothelial cells are still unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of exogenous supplement of HDL on vascular endothelial cells in a uremia-mimic environment. Tube formation, migration, adhesion, and senescence assays were used to evaluate the cell function of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Reactive oxygen species generation was measured by using Amplex red assay. L-NAME and MCI186 were used as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and a free radical scavenger, respectively. HDL exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via HIF-1α/HO-1 activation and IL-1β/TNF-α/IL-6 inhibition in IS-stimulated HAECs. HDL improved angiogenesis ability through upregulating Akt/eNOS/VEGF/SDF-1 in IS-stimulated HAECs. HDL decreased endothelial adhesiveness via downregulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in IS-stimulated HAECs. Furthermore, HDL reduced cellular senescence via upregulating SIRT1 and downregulating p53 in IS-stimulated HAECs. Importantly, the above beneficial effects of HDL were mainly due to its antioxidant ability. In conclusion, HDL exerted a comprehensive protective effect on vascular endothelial cells against damage from IS through its antioxidant ability. The results of this study might provide a theoretical basis for potential HDL supplementation in CKD patients with endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pereyra González I, Lopez-Arana S. Usefulness of SPISE Index for Screening and Detection of Early Stages of Insulin Resistance among Chilean Young Adults. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 79:372-378. [PMID: 37552962 DOI: 10.1159/000533222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the gold standard test to quantify insulin resistance (IR) involves intravenous insulin loading and repeated blood glucose monitoring, many indexes have been developed for IR assessment for convenience. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement of the Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) by comparing it with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in identifying IR. METHOD Data came from the ongoing LIMACHE BIRTH COHORT. 1,948 individuals (aged 22-28 years) were studied. We performed an agreement plot called a Bangdiwala's Observer Agreement to evaluate patterns in departures from agreement in ordinal categorical variables. RESULTS According to the Bangdiwala-Weighted statistics, we found that the agreement between both indexes was 0.14; this value would be considered a slight agreement. Thus, we found bias in the marginal distributions, and we noticed that the SPISE has a bias toward the central quintiles of the index. CONCLUSIONS The identification of IR in young adult individuals by the SPISE index has slight agreement with HOMA-IR. Therefore, caution would be taken when considering SPISE index among young Chilean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Lopez-Arana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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Nogueira MDA, Braga RAM, Manios Y, Androutsos O, Molnár D, Polito A, Gómez-Martínez S, Béghin L, Widhalm K, Bueno G, Castillo MJ, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Maia CSC. New indices in predicting cardiometabolic risk and its relation to endothelial dysfunction in adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1037-1048. [PMID: 36934005 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Blood pressure (BP) changes and insulin resistance (IR) are important cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors; their early identification can contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular events in adulthood. This necessitates the search for more accessible and easily applied indicators for their prediction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of the indices, TyG, TG/HDL-c, height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), in identifying the CMR obtained by high BP and IR and to verify their relationship with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in European adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS The anthropometric data and blood biomarkers of 744 adolescents (343 boys and 401 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS), with a mean age of 14.67 (SD 1.15) years, were assessed. The adolescents were then classified according to the presence or absence of high BP and IR. The cut-off points of the indices evaluated for the identification of CMR were determined. The relationship between CMR diagnosed using these indices and ED biomarkers was tested. The HLAP and TG/HDL-c were fair predictors of CMR obtained by IR in male adolescents. These indices showed association with hsCRP in sVCAM-1 in boys, but it lost significance after adjusting for age and body mass index. CONCLUSION TG/HDL-c and HLAP indices showed a fair performance in predicting CMR, obtained by IR, in male adolescents. ED showed no association with the CMR identified by the indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D A Nogueira
- Postgraduate Programme in Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Collective Health State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ribanna A M Braga
- Postgraduate Programme in Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 382 21 Volos, Greece
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center on Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Béghin
- Inserm, U1286-INFINITE-Clinical Investigation Center-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation and CIC 1403, University Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gloria Bueno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, School of Health Science (EUCS), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla S C Maia
- Postgraduate Programme in Nutrition and Health, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Talluri R, Sherman AK, Goth N, Simpson K, Kuzava L, Raghuveer G, White DA. The influence of somatic maturity on the relationship between the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio and vascular health in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23815. [PMID: 36196910 PMCID: PMC9931626 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and timing of pubertal maturation have been identified as independent contributors to the development of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between the TG/HDL ratio and measures of vascular health in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia stratified by somatic maturity. We hypothesized that somatic maturity would have a significant interaction with TG/HDL ratio and vascular health. METHODS This was a longitudinal analysis of 120 children and adolescents (age 8-14 years) with dyslipidemia recruited from a pediatric preventive cardiology clinic. At baseline and each follow-up visit, a non-fasting serum lipid panel was collected and vascular health (carotid artery intima--media thickness, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index) was assessed. Peak height velocity (PHV) was calculated at each visit, and participants were stratified into groups by maturity offset (pre-PHV, mid-PHV, post-PHV). A mixed model design permitted baseline and follow-up visits to be classified as discrete data points. RESULTS Of the n = 235 data points (pre-PHV = 23%, mid-PHV = 19%, and post-PHV = 58%), we identified no significant interaction between TG/HDL ratio, maturity offset, and measures of vascular structure or function. There was also no significant relationship found between TG/HDL and maturity group. Within the mid-pubertal group, there was weak relationship found between TG/HDL and augmentation index. CONCLUSION Despite the well-described relationship between early pubertal maturation and development of cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood, we found that vascular damage resulting from an elevated TG/HDL ratio is not independently associated with somatic maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Talluri
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ashley K. Sherman
- Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Goth
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Kayla Simpson
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Laura Kuzava
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Geetha Raghuveer
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David A. White
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Lee J, Ah Lee Y, Yong Lee S, Ho Shin C, Hyun Kim J. Comparison of Lipid-Derived Markers for Metabolic Syndrome in Youth: Triglyceride/HDL Cholesterol Ratio, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, and non-HDL Cholesterol. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 256:53-62. [PMID: 35082184 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.256.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), and non-HDL cholesterol level (non-HDL-C) have been proposed as surrogate markers for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study investigated whether these lipid-derived surrogate markers can predict MetS in Korean children and adolescents. Data from 1,814 participants were analyzed from the 2013-2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MetS was defined using three sets of criteria: Cook et al. (MetS1), de Ferranti et al. (MetS2), and the International Diabetes Federation (MetS3). The prevalence of MetS1, MetS2, and MetS3 was 4.6%, 11.3%, and 2.7%, respectively. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of MetS and lipid-derived surrogate markers, TG/HDL-C (0.937 for MetS1, 0.894 for MetS2, and 0.897 for MetS3) had the largest area under the curve (AUC), followed by TyG (0.906 for MetS1, 0.864 for MetS2, and 0.887 for MetS3), and non-HDL-C (0.752 for MetS1, 0.708 for MetS2, and 0.703 for MetS3) (all P < 0.001). The cutoff values for detecting MetS with TG/HDL-C, TyG, and non-HDL-C were 2.64, 8.52, and 111.6 for MetS1; 2.23, 8.47, and 110.7 for MetS2; and 2.64, 8.74, and 110.8 for MetS3, respectively. In conclusion, TG/HDL-C and TyG were similarly predictive of MetS. We propose using TG/HDL-C and TyG as surrogate markers for assessing MetS in Korean children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Departmentn of Pediatrics, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Seong Yong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
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Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080551. [PMID: 34436493 PMCID: PMC8398426 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of obesity plays an essential role in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system have also been demonstrated in childhood, where prevention is even more important. Obesity is associated with hormonal changes and vascular dysfunction, which eventually lead to hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia and cardiac dysfunction—all associated with increased cardiovascular risk, leading to potential cardiovascular events in early adulthood. Several preventive strategies are being implemented to reduce the cardiovascular burden in children. This paper presents a comprehensive review of obesity-associated cardiovascular morbidity with the preventive diagnostic workup at our hospital and possible interventions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-40323726
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Rao C, Ping F. Second-trimester maternal lipid profiles rather than glucose levels predict the occurrence of neonatal macrosomia regardless of glucose tolerance status: A matched cohort study in Beijing. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107948. [PMID: 34024685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The mechanism underlying fetal overgrowth during pregnancy remains elusive. We aimed to establish a predictive model to identify the high-risk individuals with macrosomia in the second trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN A total of 2577 pregnant women with a routine 75-g oral glucose tolerance test during 24-28 gestational weeks were screened in a prospective cohort. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cases were 1:1 matching with age (±2 years) in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) ones from the same region. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed to determine the index and its inflection point for predicting macrosomia occurrence. RESULTS The data of perinatal outcomes of 565 GDM and 549 NGT who had given birth to single live babies at term were analyzed. Notably, we found serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) level higher than 4.04 g/L combined with triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) ratio above 1.36 formed the predictive model in both groups. The area under the ROC curve of this predictive model included ApoB and TG/HDL-C reached 0.807 (95% CI: 0.771-0.873) with a sensitivity of 71.9% and a specificity of 78.6%. Mediation analysis revealed that ApoB and TG/HDL-C ratio mediated the harmful effect of FBG on the risk of macrosomia. CONCLUSION Maternal ApoB levels and TG/HDL-C ratio could predict macrosomia occurrence in pregnancy, which might be a new target for early intervention to prevent excess fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Rao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing ChuiYangLiu Hospital, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology Assigned by Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China.
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Obesity-Related Hypertension in Pediatrics, the Impact of American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082586. [PMID: 34444745 PMCID: PMC8398436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of primary hypertension in pediatric patients is increasing, especially as a result of the increased prevalence of obesity in children. New diagnostic guidelines for blood pressure were published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2017 to better define classes of hypertension in children. The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of new guidelines on diagnosis of hypertension in pediatrics and their capacity to identify the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Methods: Retrospective clinical and laboratory data from 489 overweight and obese children and adolescents were reviewed. Children were classified according to the 2004 and 2017 AAP guidelines for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lipid profile and glucose metabolism data were recorded; triglyceride/HDL ratio (TG/HDL) was calculated as an index of endothelial dysfunction. Hepatic steatosis was detected using the ultrasonographic steatosis score. Results: Children with elevated blood pressure increased from 12.5% with the 2004 AAP to 23.1% with the 2017 AAP criteria (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in children with high blood pressure in all age groups according to the new cut-off values. Notably, the diagnosis of hypertension according to 2017 AAP criteria had a greater positive association with Hepatic Steatosis (rho 0.2, p < 0.001) and TG/HDL ratio (rho 0.125, p = 0.025). Conclusions: The 2017 AAP tables offer the opportunity to better identify overweight and obese children at risk for organ damage, allowing an earlier and more impactful prevention strategy to be designed.
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Cuevas Fernández FJ, García Marrero MR, Iglesias Girón MJ, Pérez de Armas AA, Cerdeña Rodríguez E, Cabrera León A, Aguirre-Jaime A. [Effectiveness of the TG/HDL-C ratio to improve GLP-1 prescription in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care]. Semergen 2021; 47:521-530. [PMID: 34154909 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Check the usefulness of ratio TG/HDL-C≥2.5 to improve the effectiveness of GLP-1 prescribing in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) in primary care, and determine whether any patient profile would higher benefit. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. LOCATION Barranco Grande Health Center, Tenerife. PARTICIPANTS Random selection of patients with DM2 attended by 12 family doctors and 12 nurses. MAIN MEASUREMENTS Poor control according to the current criteria was compared to poor control according to the proposed rule. To determine who would benefit, the sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and follow-up characteristics were analyzed. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS No predominant characteristics were found in the patients who would be prescribed GLP-1 according to the proposed rule, but those that reached a significance P<.20 were included as potential explanatory factors in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. The adjustment of the model retained the factors of therapeutic non-compliance (OR 3.40 [1.58-5.02]; P=.003), evolution of DM2 less than 15 years (OR 2.74 [1.10-4.89]; P=.031), number of prescribed anti-diabetes drugs (OR 2.30 [1.88-2.81]; P<.001) and age under 65 years (OR 1.67 [1.08-2.58]; P=.021). CONCLUSIONS The use of the rule that we propose for the prescription of GLP-1 (2018 recommendations of the GDPS network combined with the TG/HDL-C ratio≥2.5 or BMI≥30kg/m2), instead of the current criterion adopted by the National Health System, would allow to broaden the spectrum of application of the drug in patients with poor control of their DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Cuevas Fernández
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Área de Medina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.
| | | | | | | | | | - A Cabrera León
- Área de Medina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - A Aguirre-Jaime
- Servicio de Investigación en Cuidados, Colegio de Enfermeros, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
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Angi A, Chiarelli F. Obesity and Diabetes: A Sword of Damocles for Future Generations. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E478. [PMID: 33171922 PMCID: PMC7694547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging problem of the 21st century. The prevalence has increased, reaching an alarming rate. Furthermore, the problem is global and is also affecting low- and middle-income countries. This global obesity epidemic explains how the roots of cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of mortality among adults, begin in childhood. Overweight and obese children are likely to stay obese into adulthood and to develop noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Thus, prevention should be the major goal and should start early in life. The aim of this review is to present an updated framework of the current understanding of the cardiovascular and metabolic risks in obese children and adolescents and to discuss the available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Angi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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11
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Ribeiro ACR, Lyra A, Bonfitto AJ, Tostes Filho GV, Zanesco L, Fleury EFC, Ferreira AB, Longui CA, Monte O, Kochi C. Assessment of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and intraluminal diameter of the brachial artery as cardiovascular risk markers in Brazilian adolescents with overweight or obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:339-345. [PMID: 32069234 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) and endothelial dysfunction are associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Objectives To evaluate the correlation between cIMT, brachial intraluminal diameter and flow-mediated vasodilation on the reactive hyperemia phase in adolescents with obesity with predictors of CV risk. Methods Seventy-three pubertal patients with overweight or obesity were evaluated (45 girls) with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 12.9 (2.5) years. Patients underwent anthropometric measurements and had the lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels analyzed. The ratios of the waist circumference (WC)/height (WHtR) and triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the Matsuda index and insulin area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. All patients were evaluated for cIMT and arterial blood flow velocity of the brachial artery. Results 75.3% of the patients had high cIMT values. We found a positive correlation between WHtR and cIMT (r = 0.233; p = 0.050). There was a positive correlation between sICAM-1 and insulin AUC (r = 0.323; p = 0.012) and WHtR (r = 0.258; p = 0.047). Patients with abnormal arterial dilation had higher sICAM-1 values (p = 0.02) despite having smaller WHtR (p = 0.046). Conclusions These adolescents with obesity had high cIMT values. Insulin resistance was associated with sICAM-1. Endothelial dysfunction was positively correlated with sICAM-1. There is no consensus about what the best laboratorial approach to evaluate insulin resistance in adolescents is, and the cutoff values of each method are arbitrary. So, as we saw earlier, the association between anthropometric data (WHtR) and ultrasound findings could be useful to evaluate the CV risk of these adolescents with obesity, because of its practical, direct and low-cost value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C R Ribeiro
- Department of Radiology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Lyra
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Zanesco
- Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F C Fleury
- Department of Radiology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro B Ferreira
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Longui
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Monte
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kochi
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, 112 Dr. Cesário Mota Jr Street, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01238-010, Brazil, Phone: +55 11-3222-0628
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12
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Arbib N, Pfeffer-Gik T, Sneh-Arbib O, Krispin E, Rosenblat O, Hadar E. The pre-gestational triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes: A retrospective cohort analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 148:375-380. [PMID: 31811728 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between pre-gestational dyslipidemia, expressed as the ratio between triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis included women with TG and HDL measurements available up to 52 weeks before conception who delivered a singleton, non-anomalous infant. The study population was stratified according to a TG/HDL ratio cutoff of 3. Primary maternal outcomes included gestational diabetes or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes after delivery before 37 weeks. RESULTS Among 5226 women included, 4446 (85.1%) had TG/HDL <3 and 780 (14.9%) ≥3. TG/HDL ratio ≥3 vs <3 was associated with higher rates of gestational diabetes (13.1% vs 5.2%, P<0.0001) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (5.3% vs 2.2%, P<0.0001). Larger babies (3229.7 ± 520.7 g vs 3181.7 ± 504.4 g, P=0.015) with higher birth weight percentile (59.0 ± 26.4 vs 55.1 ± 26.6, P<0.0001) and increased rates of large-for-gestational-age (14.5% vs 10.8%, P=0.007) and macrosomia (5.6% vs 3.9%, P=0.026) were found. In multivariate analysis, TG/HDL ≥3 remained an independent risk-factor for gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.39) and pre-eclampsia (aOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.82-5.01). CONCLUSIONS An increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes was reported, mainly gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia, when TG/HDL ratio up to 1 year before pregnancy was ≥3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissim Arbib
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Tamar Pfeffer-Gik
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,IBD Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orly Sneh-Arbib
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Rabin Medical Center, The Liver Institute, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Eyal Krispin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Orgad Rosenblat
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Hadar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Petach Tikva, Israel
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13
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Blasetti A, Franchini S, Castorani V, Comegna L, Fornari E, Daniele F, Prezioso G, Piona C, Federico V, Zona D, Bresadola I, Chiarelli F, Maffeis C. Skipping Breakfast Is Associated with an Atherogenic Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1849274. [PMID: 33101407 PMCID: PMC7569459 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1849274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skipping breakfast has been associated with a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. However, it is not known if skipping breakfast is also correlated with CV risk factors independently from obesity. The mechanisms explaining the role of skipping breakfast on promoting fat accumulation as well as CV risk are not known. Hormones, in particular, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), may potentially play a role in the metabolic profile of breakfast skippers. AIM This cross-sectional study aims to test, in a sample of overweight/obese children, the hypotheses that skipping breakfast is associated with a worse metabolic profile and that IGF-1 levels are associated with this unfavorable metabolic profile. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 112 overweight/obese prepubertal children (3-12 years). Anthropometric characteristics (height SDS, weight SDS, and body mass index (BMI) z-score) were measured. Blood samples were collected to evaluate glucose and lipid metabolisms and hormone profile (growth hormone (GH), IGF-1, insulin, and cortisol). The triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio was calculated as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. Children were divided into two groups according to breakfast habits: consumers (≥5 weekly; N = 76) and skippers (≤4 weekly; N = 36). Glycaemia, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (p < 0.05), and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.001) were higher, while HDL cholesterol was lower (p < 0.01) in skippers as compared to consumers. IGF-1 concentrations were inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = -0.279, p=0.013) and directly correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.226, p=0.047). IGF-1 correlated positively with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.266, p=0.045) in consumers and correlated negatively with LDL cholesterol (r = -0.442, p=0.024) in skippers. Breakfast consumption among prepubertal overweight/obese children showed a better lipid profile in comparison with those who skipped breakfast [OR: 0.165 (95% CI: 0.053-0.518), p=0.001]; these latter odds of the increased triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio was 6.1-fold higher. CONCLUSIONS Breakfast skippers show a worse lipid profile when compared to breakfast consumers. IGF-1 might play a role as an independent modulator of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Blasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - S. Franchini
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - V. Castorani
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - L. Comegna
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - E. Fornari
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F. Daniele
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Prezioso
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - C. Piona
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - V. Federico
- SS Annunziata” University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Molecular Biology, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - D. Zona
- SS Annunziata” University Hospital, Unit of Clinical Molecular Biology, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - I. Bresadola
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F. Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, “G. d'Annunzio” University-Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - C. Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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14
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Yu M, Wang W, Wang H. The Late-Gestational Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with Neonatal Macrosomia in Women without Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:7250287. [PMID: 32655633 PMCID: PMC7321524 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7250287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between late-gestational dyslipidemia, expressed as the ratio between triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and the risk of macrosomia among nondiabetic pregnant women. METHODS In this case-control study, 171 pregnant women who delivered macrosomia newborns were recruited from a total of 1856 nondiabetic pregnant women who delivered a singleton, nonanomalous newborn. A total of 684 normal controls were one-to-four matched by age. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the TG/HDL ratio and the neonatal body weight as well as the risk of macrosomia. RESULTS The maternal serum TG and TG/HDL levels were much higher in the macrosomia group, while the maternal serum HDL-C levels were much lower in the macrosomia group than those in the control group. However, the serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, maternal TG/HDL levels were positively associated with neonatal body weight. The confounding factors including maternal age, maternal height, gestational age, maternal body mass index (BMI), FPG, SBP, and neonatal sex were adjusted. A positive association between TG/HDL and neonatal body weight was still found. Moreover, the prevalence of macrosomia increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner as with maternal TG/HDL levels increased. CONCLUSIONS Maternal serum TG/HDL levels at late gestation are positively associated with neonatal body weight and the risk of macrosomia in women without DM. Maintaining maternal lipid levels in an appropriate range is important in the context of fetal overgrowth and primary prevention of macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Eisner A, Ramachandran P, Cabalbag C, Metti D, Shamloufard P, Kern M, Hong MY, Hooshmand S. Effects of Dried Apple Consumption on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Profile, Glucose Regulation, and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Children. J Med Food 2019; 23:242-249. [PMID: 31584311 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fruits reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease; however, very few studies have investigated the effect of fruit consumption in overweight and obese children. We examined whether consuming dried apple as a snack is a practical solution for weight loss and improves body composition and metabolic markers. Thirty-eight overweight or obese children aged 10 to 16 years were randomly assigned to one of two groups consuming twice daily 120 kcal serving per day of either dried apple or a control snack (muffin) for 8 weeks. Body weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition were determined during an initial visit and after 8 weeks of intervention. Blood samples were collected to measure serum concentrations of blood lipids, glucose, insulin, proinsulin, total adiponectin, and C-reactive protein, as well as total antioxidant capacity and activity of glutathione peroxidase. Body weight increased in the muffin group (P = .01). BodPod and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that fat-free mass increased (P < .05) only in the muffin group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased (P = .04) after the 8-week treatment within the apple group. Overall, minor differences were detected in growing children who consumed snacks of either dried apples or muffins with similar macronutrient profiles for 8 weeks. Future research should evaluate the effects of consuming fresh apples that include the peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Eisner
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pavithra Ramachandran
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Conralyn Cabalbag
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dina Metti
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pouneh Shamloufard
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Chiavaroli V, Gibbins JD, Cutfield WS, Derraik JGB. Childhood obesity in New Zealand. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:322-331. [PMID: 31079339 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, resulting in significant adverse effects on health and wellbeing. Early life events, including those that happen before, during, and after pregnancy can predispose children to later obesity. The purpose of this review is to examine the magnitude of obesity among New Zealand children and adolescents, and to determine their underlying risk factors and associated comorbidities. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar searches were performed using the key terms "obesity", "overweight", "children", "adolescents", and "New Zealand". RESULTS Obesity is a major public health concern in New Zealand, with more than 33% of children and adolescents aged 2-14 years being overweight or obese. Obesity disproportionately affects Māori (New Zealand's indigenous population) and Pacific children and adolescents, as well as those of lower socioeconomic status. New Zealand's obesity epidemic is associated with numerous health issues, including cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, and psychological problems, which also disproportionately affect Māori and Pacific children and adolescents. Notably, a number of factors may be useful to identify those at increased risk (such as demographic and anthropometric characteristics) and inform possible interventions. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents in New Zealand is markedly high, with a greater impact on particular ethnicities and those of lower socioeconomic status. Alleviating the current burden of pediatric obesity should be a key priority for New Zealand, for the benefit of both current and subsequent generations. Future strategies should focus on obesity prevention, particularly starting at a young age and targeting those at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Gibbins
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Endocrinology Department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Endocrinology Department, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Sultani R, Tong DC, Peverelle M, Lee YS, Baradi A, Wilson AM. Elevated Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio Predicts Long-Term Mortality in High-Risk Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 29:414-421. [PMID: 31014557 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has been utilised as a predictor of outcomes in patients with adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles. In this study, we examined the prognostic value of elevated TG/HDL-C level in an Australian population of patients with high clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting for coronary angiography. METHODS Follow-up data was collected for 482 patients who underwent coronary angiography in a prospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Patients were stratified into two groups according to their baseline TG/HDL-C ratio, using a TG/HDL-C ratio cut point of 2.5. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 5.1 ± 1.2 years, with 49 all-cause deaths. Coronary artery disease on coronary angiography was more prevalent in patients with TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 (83.6% vs. 69.4%, p = 0.03). On the Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 had worse long-term prognosis (p = 0.04). On multivariate Cox regression adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors and CAD on coronary angiography, TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 was an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-4.20, p = 0.04). On multivariate logistic regression adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors and CAD on coronary angiography, TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 was strongly associated with an increased risk of long-term MACE (odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% CI 1.42-5.20, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Elevated TG/HDL-C ratio is an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality and is strongly associated with an increased risk of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohullah Sultani
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - David C Tong
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Matthew Peverelle
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yun Suk Lee
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Arul Baradi
- Department of Cardiology, Werribee Mercy Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Private Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Private Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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18
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Jurrissen TJ, Olver TD, Winn NC, Grunewald ZI, Lin GS, Hiemstra JA, Edwards JC, Gastecki ML, Welly RJ, Emter CA, Vieira-Potter, VJ, Padilla J. Endothelial dysfunction occurs independently of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in ovariectomized Yucatan miniature-swine. Adipocyte 2018; 7:35-44. [PMID: 29283284 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1405191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, experimentally-induced ovarian hormone deficiency increases adiposity and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, which is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether this occurs in a translationally-relevant large animal model remains unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ovariectomy would promote visceral and perivascular AT (PVAT) inflammation, as well as subsequent insulin resistance and peripheral vascular dysfunction in female swine. At sexual maturity (7 months of age), female Yucatan mini-swine either remained intact (control, n = 9) or were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 7). All pigs were fed standard chow (15-20 g/kg), and were euthanized 6 months post-surgery. Uterine mass and plasma estradiol levels were decreased by ∼10-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in OVX compared to control pigs. Body mass, glucose homeostasis, and markers of insulin resistance were not different between control and OVX pigs; however, OVX animals exhibited greater plasma triglycerides and triglyceride:HDL ratio. Ovariectomy enhanced visceral adipocyte expansion, although this was not accompanied by brachial artery PVAT adipocyte expansion, AT inflammation in either depot, or increased systemic inflammation assessed by plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. Despite the lack of AT inflammation and insulin resistance, OVX pigs exhibited depressed brachial artery endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, which was rescued with blockade of endothelin receptor A. Together, these findings indicate that in female Yucatan mini-swine, increased AT inflammation and insulin resistance are not required for loss of ovarian hormones to induce endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Jurrissen
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - T. Dylan Olver
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Nathan C. Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zachary I. Grunewald
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Lin
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biology, Barry University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Jenna C. Edwards
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michelle L. Gastecki
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Welly
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Craig A. Emter
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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19
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Corica D, Aversa T, Valenzise M, Messina MF, Alibrandi A, De Luca F, Wasniewska M. Does Family History of Obesity, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Diseases Influence Onset and Severity of Childhood Obesity? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:187. [PMID: 29770124 PMCID: PMC5941161 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate (1) the metabolic profile and cardiometabolic risk in overweight/obese children at first assessment, stratifying patients according to severity of overweight and age; and (2) to investigate the relationship between family history (FH) for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases and severity of childhood obesity. METHODS In this cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study, 260 children (139 female), aged between 2.4 and 17.2 years, with overweight and obesity were recruited. Data regarding FH for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases were collected. Each patient underwent clinical and auxological examination and fasting blood sampling for metabolic profile. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and atherogenic index of plasma were calculated. To evaluate the severity of obesity, children were divided into two groups for BMI standard deviation (SD) ≤2.5 and BMI SD >2.5. Moreover, study population was analyzed, dividing it into three groups based on the chronological age of patient (<8, 8-11, >11 years). RESULTS BMI SD was negatively correlated with chronological age (p < 0.005) and significantly higher in the group of children <8 years. BMI SD was positively associated with FH for obesity. Patients with more severe obesity (BMI SD >2.5) were younger (p < 0.005), mostly prepubertal, presented a significantly higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.04), and had a significantly higher prevalence of FH for arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease than the other group. CONCLUSION (1) Family history of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases are important risk factors for precocious obesity onset in childhood and are related to the severity of obesity. (2) Metabolic profile, especially HOMA-IR, is altered even among the youngest obese children at first evaluation. (3) Stratification of obesity severity, using BMI SD, is effective to estimate the cardiometabolic risk of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Domenico Corica,
| | - Tommaso Aversa
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariella Valenzise
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Messina
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo De Luca
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, Unit of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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20
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Michael OS, Olatunji LA. Nicotine exposure suppresses hyperinsulinemia and improves endothelial dysfunction mediators independent of corticosteroids in insulin-resistant oral contraceptive-treated female rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:314-323. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1413109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga S. Michael
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A. Olatunji
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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21
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Yoo DY, Kang YS, Kwon EB, Yoo EG. The triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in overweight Korean children and adolescents. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 22:158-163. [PMID: 29025201 PMCID: PMC5642079 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has recently been reported as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents. The purpose of this study is to describe the TG/HDL-C ratio and related factors in overweight and normal weight Korean children and to evaluate whether the high TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with insulin resistance in overweight children and adolescents. METHODS Data from 255 overweight (aged 8.7±2.0 years) and 514 normal weight (aged 8.9±1.8 years) children and adolescents were evaluated. Glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and TG levels were measured after overnight fasting, and the TG/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. RESULTS The TG/HDL-C ratio was higher in overweight group compared to normal weight group (P<0.001). Among overweight children and adolescents, alanine aminotransferase (P=0.018), non-HDL-C (P<0.001), and HOMA-IR (P=0.004) were different between the TG/HDL-C ratio tertile groups. The prevalence of elevated HOMA-IR was increased with increasing TG/HDL-C ratio tertiles (P for trend=0.003). On regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, the BMI (β=0.402, P=0.001) and TG/HDL-C ratio (β=0.251, P=0.014) were independently associated with HOMA-IR (adjusted R2=0.324). The TG/HDL-C ratio of 2.0 or more showed higher sensitivity (55.6%) and specificity (72.9%), when compared to TC (≥200 mg/dL), non-HDL-C (≥145 mg/dL), and LDL-C (≥130 mg/dL) for identifying overweight children with elevated HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS The TG/HDL-C ratio is independently associated with insulin resistance in overweight children and adolescents, and it can be useful in identifying those at higher cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yoon Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Sun Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gumi Medical Center, Gumi, Korea
| | - Eun Byul Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyong Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea,Address for correspondence: Eun-Gyong Yoo, MD, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-655X Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Korea Tel: +82-31-780-1999 Fax: +82-31-780-5239 E-mail:
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22
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Ortiz Segura MDC, Del Río Navarro BE, Rodríguez Espino BA, Marchat LA, Sánchez Muñoz F, Villafaña S, Hong E, Meza-Cuenca F, Mailloux Salinas P, Bolaños-Jiménez F, Zambrano E, Arredondo-López AA, Bravo G, Huang F. Abnormality of adipokines and endothelial dysfunction in Mexican obese adolescents with insulin resistance. Endocr Res 2017; 42:252-259. [PMID: 28318332 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2017.1294601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship among insulin resistance (IR), endothelial dysfunction, and alteration of adipokines in Mexican obese adolescents and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty-seven adolescents were classified according to the body mass index (BMI) (control: N=104; obese: N=123) and homeostasis model of the assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (obese with IR: N=65). The circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and IR were determined by standard methods. RESULTS The obese adolescents with IR presented increased presence of MetS and higher circulating concentrations in sICAM-1 in comparison with the obese subjects without IR. The lowest concentrations of adiponectin were observed in the obese with IR. In multivariate linear regression models, sICAM-1 along with triglycerides, total cholesterol, and waist circumference was strongly associated with HOMA-IR (R2=0.457, P=0.008). Similarly, after adjustment for age, BMI-SDS, lipids, and adipokines, HOMA-IR remained associated with sICAM-1 (R2=0.372, P=0.008). BMI-SDS was mildly associated with leptin (R2=0.176, P=0.002) and the waist circumference was mild and independent determinant of adiponectin (R2=0.136, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that the obese adolescents, particularly the obese subjects with IR exhibited increased presence of MetS, abnormality of adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction. The significant interaction between IR and endothelial dysfunction may suggest a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or delay systemic IR and the genesis of cardiovascular diseases in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Carmen Ortiz Segura
- a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | | | - Laurence A Marchat
- d Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez Muñoz
- e Department of Inmunology , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- f Sección de Postgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Enrique Hong
- a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Fabián Meza-Cuenca
- a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Patrick Mailloux Salinas
- a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- g INRA, UMR1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles , Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Université , Nantes , France
| | - Elena Zambrano
- h Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Bravo
- a Department of Pharmacobiology , Centro de Investigacion de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- j Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, HIMFG , Mexico City , Mexico
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Marcovecchio ML, Bagordo M, Marisi E, de Giorgis T, Chiavaroli V, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. One-hour post-load plasma glucose levels associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and secretion and early makers of cardiometabolic risk. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:771-778. [PMID: 28255821 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obese adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) but with 1-hour post-load plasma glucose (1hPG) ≥ 155 mg/dl are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiometabolic complications. Little information is available for the pediatric population, where recently, a lower cutoff, 132.5 mg/dl, has been suggested as being more sensitive to identify subjects at risk of T2D. Our aim was to assess whether obese Caucasian youth with 1hPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dl have worse insulin sensitivity and secretion and a worse cardiometabolic profile compared to obese youth with 1hPG < 132.5 mg/dl. METHODS Medical records of 244 (43% male; age: 11.1 ± 2.7years) overweight/obese children and adolescents, who had undergone an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were retrieved. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected from the hard copy archive. Indexes of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (WBISI), and insulin secretion (Insulinogenic Index, Disposition Index) were calculated. RESULTS Of the 244 records analyzed, 215 fulfilled criteria for NGT and had complete biochemical data. Among NGT patients, 42 (19.5%) showed 1hPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dL (high-NGT), while the remaining had 1hPG < 132.5 mg/dL (low-NGT). The high-NGT group showed a higher male prevalence (59.5 vs 37%), lower Disposition Index (0.54 [0.39-0.71] vs 0.79 [0.47-1.43]), and WBISI (0.24 [0.18-0.35] vs 0.33 [0.23-0.50]) than the low-NGT group. High-NGT subjects also showed a trend towards lower HDL-cholesterol and higher triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (2.13 [1.49-3.41] vs 1.66 [1.24-2.49]). CONCLUSIONS In overweight/obese NGT Caucasian youth a 1hPG ≥ 132.5 mg/dL was able to identify those with impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion and a trend towards a worse cardio-metabolic profile, a group likely at risk for future T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - M Bagordo
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - E Marisi
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - T de Giorgis
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Chiavaroli
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Mohn
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Olatunji LA, Olaniyi KS, Usman TO, Abolarinwa BA, Achile CJ, Kim IK. Combined oral contraceptive and nitric oxide synthesis inhibition synergistically causes cardiac hypertrophy and exacerbates insulin resistance in female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:54-61. [PMID: 28376377 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) use or inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been shown to cause hypertension and insulin resistance. However, the concomitant effects of COC and NO deficiency on the heart and glucose regulation are not well known. We therefore hypothesized that COC treatment during NO deficiency would lead to the development of cardiac hypertrophy that is associated with aggravated glucose deregulation, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic biomarkers. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly allotted into control, NO deficient (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester: L-NAME; 20.0mg/kg b.w.), COC-treated (1.0μg ethinylestradiol+5.0μg levonorgestrel, p.o) and L-NAME+COC-treated groups. The animals were treated daily for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was estimated by tail-cuff plethysmography, insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function were estimated by homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-β). Pro-inflammatory (C-reactive protein; CRP and uric acid) and pro-fibrotic (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PAI-1) biomarkers were estimated in the plasma. Cardiac histological examination was also done. Results show that COC or L-NAME treatments led to increased blood pressure, HOMA-IR, impaired β-cell function, PAI-1, CRP and uric acid, without significant effect on cardiac mass. L-NAME+COC-treated group had significantly higher blood pressure, HOMA-IR, impaired β-cell function, PAI-1, CRP and cardiac mass than COC- or L-NAME-treated groups. Histological examination validated that COC use during NO deficiency causes cardiac hypertrophy. The present study demonstrates that COC treatment and NO deficiency synergistically causes cardiac hypertrophy that is associated with aggravated glucose deregulation, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Olatunji
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O Usman
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Bilikis A Abolarinwa
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Caleb J Achile
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - In-Kyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-842, Republic of Korea
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Di Pietro N, Marcovecchio ML, Di Silvestre S, de Giorgis T, Cordone VGP, Lanuti P, Chiarelli F, Bologna G, Mohn A, Pandolfi A. Plasma from pre-pubertal obese children impairs insulin stimulated Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability in endothelial cells: Role of ER stress. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:52-62. [PMID: 28062198 PMCID: PMC5320395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is commonly associated with early signs of endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impairment of insulin signaling and vascular Nitric Oxide (NO) availability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial insulin-stimulated NO production and availability was impaired and related to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with plasma obtained from pre-pubertal obese (OB) children. OB children (N = 28, age: 8.8 ± 2.2; BMI z-score: 2.15 ± 0.39) showed impaired fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR than normal weight children (CTRL; N = 28, age: 8.8 ± 1.7; BMI z-score: 0.17 ± 0.96). The in vitro experiments showed that OB-plasma significantly impaired endothelial insulin-stimulated NO production and bioavailability compared to CTRL-plasma. In parallel, in HUVECs OB-plasma increased GRP78 and activated PERK, eIF2α, IkBα and ATF6 (all ER stress markers). Moreover, OB-plasma increased NF-κB activation and its nuclear translocation. Notably, all these effects proved to be significantly restored by using PBA and TUDCA, known ER stress inhibitors. Our study demonstrate for the first time that plasma from obese children is able to induce in vitro endothelial insulin resistance, which is characterized by reduced insulin-stimulated NO production and bioavailability, endothelial ER stress and increased NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - M Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tommaso de Giorgis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Pio Cordone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Park JM, Lee JY, Dong JJ, Lee DC, Lee YJ. Association between the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin resistance in Korean adolescents: a nationwide population-based study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1259-1265. [PMID: 27740931 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance. However, few studies have examined the association between TG/HDL-C and insulin resistance in the general adolescent population. This study aimed to examine the association between TG/HDL-C and insulin resistance in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. METHODS A total of 2649 participants aged 12-18 years were selected from the 2007 to 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Insulin resistance was defined as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values greater than the 80th percentile. RESULTS The mean values of most cardiometabolic variables increased proportionally with TG/HDL-C quartiles. Compared to individuals in the lowest TG/HDL-C quartile, the odds ratio for insulin resistance for individuals in the highest quartile was 2.91 in boys and 2.38 in girls after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TG/HDL-C could be a convenient marker for identifying Korean adolescents with insulin resistance.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we firstly highlight the role of dyslipidemia as a trigger in the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction, considered the earliest atherosclerotic lesion and patent in children with risk factors.In this context, we also revise methods that reflect the impact of endothelial dysfunction not only on arterial stiffness but also on cardiovascular morphology, namely, the common carotid intima-media thickness and the ventricular geometry. RECENT FINDINGS In view of its atherogenic burden, the most widely studied lipoprotein has been low density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, the smaller, denser, low density lipoprotein cholesterol particles, the nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction, appear to be more atherogenic and a more sensitive cardiovascular risk marker. Studies have shown that in children, atherogenic lipids have also been linked to cardiovascular morphological changes, such as the common carotid intima-media thickness and the ventricular geometry, both independent cardiovascular risk markers. SUMMARY In infancy, atherosclerosis is a preclinical disorder in which dyslipidemia plays a crucial role. Due to its impact on cardiovascular structures, potentially reversible during childhood, dyslipidemia ought to be managed aggressively to prevent further disease progression that will ultimately culminate in cardiac disease, a leading cause of mortality in adults.
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Fawzy MS, Alhadramy O, Hussein MH, Ismail HM, Ismail NM, Biomy NM, Toraih EA. Functional and Structural Impact of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 R219K and I883M Gene Polymorphisms in Obese Children and Adolescents. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 19:221-34. [PMID: 26243156 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-015-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein is known to mediate the transport of intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids across the cell membranes. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and overweight/obesity risk, and to evaluate their relation to the lipid profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included in silico analysis of ABCA1 gene and protein. Two genetic variants in ABCA1 gene-R219K (rs2230806; G/A) and I883M (rs2066714; A/G)-were genotyped in 128 normal weight and 128 overweight/obese subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed. RESULTS Our findings suggest that the heterozygote GA genotype of R219K polymorphism increased susceptibility to obesity under the heterozygous model (odds ratio 2.75, 95 % CI 1.01-6.12; p = 0.014) compared with the control group. This susceptibility could be gender-specific, with higher risk among females. In addition, the A variant was associated with a higher degree of obesity (p < 0.001). On the other hand, individuals with the G variant of I883M polymorphism showed lower susceptibility to obesity under all genetic models (allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive models; p < 0.05), with no observed association with body mass index or degree of obesity. However, both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed significant differences in lipid levels among patients with different genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that R219K and I883M SNPs of the ABCA1 gene may play a role in susceptibility to obesity in our Egyptian population; the former increases susceptibility and phenotype severity, and the latter is protective. Larger epidemiological studies are needed for validation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,
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29
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Sardinha LB, Santos DA, Silva AM, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Ekelund U. A Comparison between BMI, Waist Circumference, and Waist-To-Height Ratio for Identifying Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149351. [PMID: 26901828 PMCID: PMC4762486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is controversial evidence on the associations between anthropometric measures with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in pediatric ages. We aimed to examine the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with clustered cardiometabolic risk factors and to determine whether these anthropometric variables can be used to discriminate individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk (increased clustered triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and HOMA-IR). Methods The study sample of 4255 (2191 girls and 2064 boys) participants (8–17 years) was derived from pooled cross-sectional data comprising five studies. Outcomes included a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor z-score [corresponding to the sum of z-scores for triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean arterial pressure), and HOMA-IR] and children with ≥1.0 SD in this score were defined as being at risk for clustering cardiometabolic risk factors.. Exposure variables were BMI, WC, WHtR. Statistics included mixed-effect regression and ROC analysis. Results All anthropometric variables were associated with clustered risk and the magnitudes of associations were similar for BMI, WC, and WHtR. Models including anthropometric variables were similar in discriminating children and adolescents at increased risk with areas under the ROC curve between 0.70 and 0.74. The sensitivity (boys: 80.5–86.4%; girls: 76.6–82.3%) was markedly higher than specificity (boys: 51.85–59.4%; girls: 60.8%). Conclusions The magnitude of associations for BMI, WC, and WHtR are similar in relation to clustered cardiometabolic risk factors, and perform better at higher levels of BMI. However, the precision of these anthropometric variables to classify increased risk is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana A. Santos
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Analiza M. Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Marcovecchio ML, Gravina M, Gallina S, D'Adamo E, De Caterina R, Chiarelli F, Mohn A, Renda G. Increased left atrial size in obese children and its association with insulin resistance: a pilot study. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:121-30. [PMID: 26272254 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Subclinical cardiac abnormalities represent predisposing factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate early cardiac abnormalities in obese youth and the potential association with insulin resistance (IR). Thirty obese (12 males (M)/18 females (F); age = 11.5 ± 2.4 years; body mass index (BMI)-standard deviation score (SDS) = +2.1 ± 0.5) and 15 normal weight (10 M/5 F; age = 12.8 ± 3.1 years; BMI-SDS = +0.3 ± 0.9) children and adolescents underwent Doppler two-dimensional echocardiographic assessments of left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) geometry and LV diastolic function (peak early [E] and late waves, E wave deceleration time, myocardial flow velocities). Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was used as an IR index. LA size was increased in obese children, as indicated by higher LA diameter (4.9 ± 0.5 vs 4.1 ± 0.4 cm, p < 0.001), area (14.3 ± 2.5 vs 10.7 ± 2.0 cm(2), p < 0.001), and volume (33.8 ± 10.6 vs 23.7 ± 6.4 ml, p = 0.003). LV mass was also increased in obese children (87.0 ± 16.6 vs 68.8 ± 13.2 g, p = 0.003), who also showed subtle diastolic dysfunctions, as indicated by higher values of E (97.1 ± 14.3 vs 86.2 ± 11.9 cm/s, p = 0.02). All the above parameters were significantly associated with BMI-SDS (p < 0.05). In addition, HOMA-IR was independently associated with LA diameter, area, and volume (β = 0.314, p = 0.040; β = 0.415, p = 0.008; β = 0.535, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Obese children feature increased LA size, which emerged to be mainly correlated to, and possibly driven by IR, suggesting an increased CVD risk. WHAT IS KNOWN Left atrial and ventricular alterations have been reported in obese adults, and they represent predisposing factors for cardiovascular disease. There is some evidence suggesting that obese children show increased left ventricular mass and also increased atrial size, although with conflicting results. WHAT IS NEW Obese normotensive children showed a moderately increased atrial size, subtle alterations in left cardiac diastolic function, and ventricular mass. An association between insulin resistance and left cardiac changes was found, although its mechanism remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - M Gravina
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. .,Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - S Gallina
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. .,Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - E D'Adamo
- Department of Paediatrics, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - R De Caterina
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. .,Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - F Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - A Mohn
- Department of Paediatrics, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 5, 66100, Chieti, Italy. .,Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - G Renda
- Center of Excellence on Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy. .,Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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Liang J, Fu J, Jiang Y, Dong G, Wang X, Wu W. TriGlycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio compared with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance indexes in screening for metabolic syndrome in the chinese obese children: a cross section study. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:138. [PMID: 26416207 PMCID: PMC4587405 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is prevalant in China, especially according to the pediatric obesity group. Based on the MS-CHN2012 definition for Chinese children and adolescents the need to explore and establish a convienent MS screening become imminent. This study aims to investigate the optimal cut-off values, compare the accuracy for the (TriGlycerides (TG) to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C)) (TG/HDL-C) ratio and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) indexs to identify Metabolic Syndrome in obese pediatric population in China. METHOD A total sample of 976 children (female 286 male 690, BMI > = 95 percentile) aged from 6-16 years underwent a medical assessment including a physical examination and investigations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test to identify the components of Metabolic Syndrome. The validity and accuracy between TG/HDL-C ratio and HOMA-IR were compared by Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis (ROC). RESULT TG/HDL-C ratio achieved a larger ROC Area under Curve (AUC = 0.843) than HOMA-IR indexes (0.640, 0.625 for HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR respectively) to screen for Metabolic Syndrome. The cut-off values for MS were: TG/HDL-C ratio > 1.25 (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 75%), HOMA1-IR > 4.59 (sensitivity: 58.7%; specificity: 65.5%) and HOMA2-IR > 2.76 (sensitivity: 53.2%; specificity: 69.5%). The results kept robust after stratified by gender, age group and pubertal stage. DISCUSSION TG/HDL-C ratio was a better indicator than the HOMA-IR to screen for a positive diagnosis for MS. Furthermore, the TG/HDL-C ratio was superior to the HOMA-IR indexes even after the control of possible confusions from the gender, age group and puberty stage. CONCLUSION TG/HDL-C ratio proved a better index than HOMA-IR in screening for MS in obese children and adolescents. TG/HDL-C ratio has a discriminatory power in detecting potential MS in the Chinese obese pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liang
- Biostatistics Unit of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Junfen Fu
- Endocrinology Department of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Avenue, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Youyun Jiang
- Endocrinology Department of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Avenue, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Guanping Dong
- Endocrinology Department of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Avenue, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Endocrinology Department of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Avenue, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Endocrinology Department of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 57 Zhugan Avenue, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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The association between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome after coronary revascularization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123521. [PMID: 25880982 PMCID: PMC4399840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims High triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are cardiovascular risk factors. A positive correlation between elevated TG/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events exists in women. However, utility of TG to HDL-C ratio for prediction is unknown among acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Fasting lipid profiles, detailed demographic data, and clinical data were obtained at baseline from 416 patients with ACS after coronary revascularization. Subjects were stratified into three levels of TG/HDL-C. We constructed multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models for all-cause mortality over a median follow-up of 3 years using log TG to HDL-C ratio as a predictor variable and analyzing traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We constructed a logistic regression model for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) to prove that the TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor. Results The subject’s mean age was 64 ± 11 years; 54.5% were hypertensive, 21.8% diabetic, and 61.0% current or prior smokers. TG/HDL-C ratio ranged from 0.27 to 14.33. During the follow-up period, there were 43 deaths. In multivariate Cox models after adjusting for age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and severity of angiographic coronary disease, patients in the highest tertile of ACS had a 5.32-fold increased risk of mortality compared with the lowest tertile. After adjusting for conventional coronary heart disease risk factors by the logistic regression model, the TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with MACEs. Conclusion The TG to HDL-C ratio is a powerful independent predictor of all-cause mortality and is a risk factor of cardiovascular events.
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D'Adamo E, Guardamagna O, Chiarelli F, Bartuli A, Liccardo D, Ferrari F, Nobili V. Atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:912047. [PMID: 25663838 PMCID: PMC4309297 DOI: 10.1155/2015/912047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity when associated with serum lipoprotein changes triggers atherosclerosis. Evidences suggest that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood and that the extent of early atherosclerosis of the aorta and coronary arteries can be associated with lipoprotein levels and obesity. Furthermore, many studies in childhood demonstrate an important relationship between parameters of insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, and the development of lipid abnormalities. This review focuses on the most recent findings on the relationship between obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebe D'Adamo
- Unit of Pediatrics, Hospital of Cremona, Largo Priori 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- *Ebe D'Adamo:
| | - Ornella Guardamagna
- Department of Health Science and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Via Dei Vestini 5, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare and Genetic Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Hepatometabolic Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Pediatric Department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepatometabolic Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00135 Rome, Italy
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Kołakowska U, Kuroczycka–Saniutycz E, Wasilewska A, Olański W. Is the serum level of salusin-β associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis in the pediatric population? Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:523-31. [PMID: 25245503 PMCID: PMC4315408 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salusins are recently identified endogenous bioactive peptides that have hypotensive and bradycardiac effects. Salusin-β is involved in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of a young patient population with hypertension (HTN). Based on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), the adolescents were categorized into two groups, namely, a hypertensive group consisting of patients with essential (primary) HTN (HTN group) and a group consisting of patients with white-coat HTN [reference (R) group]. Correlations between serum salusin-β level and clinical, laboratory and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) variables were assessed. RESULTS The median salusin-β concentration was significantly higher in patients with essential HTN than in those with white-coat HTN (R group). Salusin-β was positively correlated with the body mass index Z-score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) from three independent measurements, mean systolic BP during the daytime, triglyceride (TG) level, and atherogenic index (TG/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio). CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary study suggest that salusin-β may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HTN in a young population. Further research should focus on the role of salusin-β in the mechanism of essential HTN and the assessment of possible correlations between salusin-β and other well-known markers of atherosclerosis in both teenagers and adults. This research should serve as a base for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kołakowska
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wasilewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Witold Olański
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Martino F, Puddu PE, Pannarale G, Colantoni C, Zanoni C, Martino E, Barillà F. Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents from Southern Italy: contribution from the Calabrian Sierras Community Study (CSCS). Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:455-60. [PMID: 25443246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among 1657 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years (787, 47% girls and 870, 53% boys) from primary and secondary schools in a 14-town Southern Italian community, HDL cholesterol (54 ± 15 mg/dl), triglycerides (61 ± 29 mg/dl), blood glucose (78 ± 10 mg/dl), systolic (101 ± 11 mm Hg) and diastolic (62 ± 10 mm Hg) blood pressures, waist circumference (WC) (66 ± 10 cm) and WC/height (0.46 ± 0.006) and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol (1.31 ± 0.99) ratios were measured. The distributions were similar in both genders. Age did not affect triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio, whereas there was a slightly positive correlation (p<0.00001) between WC/height and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratios. We present individual gender and age specific percentile distributions (as Supplementary materials). Using percentile cut-offs (≤ 10th for HDL cholesterol and ≥ 90th for the other components), there were 183 (11%) children or adolescents with low HDL cholesterol, 162 (9.77%) with high triglycerides, 178 (10.74%) with high blood glucose, 178 (10.74%) with high WC, 244 (20.76%) with high systolic or diastolic BP and 126 (7.6%) with high systolic and diastolic BP. Abnormally high BP was seen in 470 (28.36%) children or adolescents. Using abnormal percentile values of 3 of 5 of its components, metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed in 70 (4.2%) subjects, similarly in both genders. To assess out-of-limit distributions of all 5 individual MS components in children and adolescents gender- and age-distributions derived from local epidemiological data should be used: these distributions are presented and they might now be used both for comparative and applicative purposes at least in Southern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martino
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pannarale
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Colantoni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Zanoni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eliana Martino
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Progression of cardio-metabolic risk factors in subjects born small and large for gestational age. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104278. [PMID: 25117750 PMCID: PMC4130586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subjects born small (SGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age have an increased risk of cardio-metabolic alterations already during prepuberty. Nevertheless, the progression of their cardio-metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence has not been fully explored. Our aim was to assess potential changes in the cardio-metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence in subjects born SGA and LGA compared to those born appropriate (AGA) for gestational age. Methods This longitudinal study included 35 AGA, 24 SGA and 31 LGA subjects evaluated during childhood (mean age (±SD) 8.4±1.4 yr) and then re-assessed during adolescence (mean age 13.3±1.8 yr). BMI, blood pressure, insulin resistance (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR) and lipids were assessed. A cardio-metabolic risk z-score was applied and this consisted in calculating the sum of sex-specific z-scores for BMI, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Results Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in SGA and LGA than AGA subjects both during childhood (all P<0.01) and adolescence (all P<0.01). Similarly, the clustered cardio-metabolic risk score was higher in SGA and LGA than AGA children (both P<0.05), and these differences among groups increased during adolescence (both P<0.05). Of note, a progression of the clustered cardio-metabolic risk score was observed from childhood to adolescence within SGA and within LGA subjects (both P<0.05). Conclusions SGA and LGA subjects showed an adverse cardio-metabolic profile during childhood when compared to AGA peers, with a worsening of this profile during adolescence. These findings indicate an overtime progression of insulin resistance and overall estimated cardiovascular risk from childhood to adolescence in SGA and LGA populations.
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Pacifico L, Bonci E, Andreoli G, Romaggioli S, Di Miscio R, Lombardo CV, Chiesa C. Association of serum triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio with carotid artery intima-media thickness, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:737-743. [PMID: 24656140 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio has been reported as a useful marker of atherogenic lipid abnormalities, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated in a large sample of children and adolescents the association of TG/HDL-C ratio with early signs of morphological vascular changes and cardiometabolic risk factors including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS AND RESULTS The study population, including 548 children (aged 6-16 years), of whom 157 were normal-weight, 118 overweight, and 273 obese, had anthropometric, laboratory, liver and carotid ultrasonography (carotid artery intima-media thickness-cIMT) data collected. Subjects were stratified into tertiles of TG/HDL-C. There was a progressive increase in body mass index (BMI), BMI-SD score (SDS), waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), liver enzymes, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and cIMT values across TG/HDL-C tertiles. The odds ratios for central obesity, insulin resistance, high hsCRP, NAFLD, metabolic syndrome, and elevated cIMT increased significantly with the increasing tertile of TG/HDL-C ratio, after adjustment for age, gender, pubertal status, and BMI-SDS. In a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased cIMT was associated with high TG/HDL-C ratio [OR, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.08-3.04); P < 0.05], elevated BP [5.13 (95% CI, 1.03-15.08); P < 0.05], insulin resistance [2.16 (95% CI, 1.30-3.39); P < 0.01], and NAFLD [2.70 (95% CI, 1.62-4.56); P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION TG/HDL-C ratio may help identify children and adolescents at high risk for structural vascular changes and metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pacifico
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - E Bonci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - G Andreoli
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - S Romaggioli
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - R Di Miscio
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - C V Lombardo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - C Chiesa
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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