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Kanbay M, Guldan M, Ozbek L, Copur S, Covic AS, Covic A. Exploring the nexus: The place of kidney diseases within the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome spectrum. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 127:1-14. [PMID: 39030148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two significant comorbidities affecting a large proportion of the general population with considerable crosstalk. In addition to substantial co-incidence of CKD and CKM syndrome in epidemiological studies, clinical and pre-clinical studies have identified similar pathophysiological pathways leading to both entities. Patients with CKM syndrome are more prone to develop acute kidney injury and CKD, while therapeutic alternatives and their success rates are considerably lower in such patient groups. Nevertheless, the association between CKM syndrome and CKD or ESKD is bidirectional rather than being a cause-effect relationship as patients with CKD are also prone to develop peripheral insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, such patients are less likely to receive kidney transplantation in addition to the higher allograft dysfunction risk. We hereby aim to evaluate the association in-between kidney diseases and CKM syndrome, including epidemiological data, pre-clinical studies with pathophysiological pathways, and potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Guldan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Adrian Covic
- University of Medicine "Grigore T Popa" Iasi, Romania
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2
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Strnadová V, Pačesová A, Charvát V, Šmotková Z, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Anorexigenic neuropeptides as anti-obesity and neuroprotective agents: exploring the neuroprotective effects of anorexigenic neuropeptides. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231385. [PMID: 38577975 PMCID: PMC11043025 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 1975, the incidence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions, and the number of patients with obesity has quadrupled. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing other serious diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent epidemiologic studies have defined obesity as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia. Despite all these serious comorbidities associated with obesity, there is still a lack of effective antiobesity treatment. Promising candidates for the treatment of obesity are anorexigenic neuropeptides, which are peptides produced by neurons in brain areas implicated in food intake regulation, such as the hypothalamus or the brainstem. These peptides efficiently reduce food intake and body weight. Moreover, because of the proven interconnection between obesity and the risk of developing AD, the potential neuroprotective effects of these two agents in animal models of neurodegeneration have been examined. The objective of this review was to explore anorexigenic neuropeptides produced and acting within the brain, emphasizing their potential not only for the treatment of obesity but also for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Strnadová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Charvát
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Šmotková
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Oishi JC, de Moraes LHO, Filho JCC, de Moraes TF, Terroni B, de Castro CA, Almeida-Lopes L, Rodrigues GJ. Long-term effects of photobiomodulation therapy on blood pressure in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:20. [PMID: 38165554 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The main cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity is hypertension. The therapeutic use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is suggested for the treatment of wound healing, osteoarthritis, and arterial diseases. However, few studies have measured how red laser (at 660 nm) acts over hypertension, and any of those studies used experimental obesity model. The aim of the study was an attempt to evaluate the long-term effect of PBM on systolic blood pressure in an animal model of obesity, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Our results indicate that PBM carried out 3 days a week was able to prevent the increase in blood pressure (133.75 ± 4.82 mmHg, n = 8) induced by a high-fat diet (150.00 ± 4.57 mmHg, n = 8; p < 0.05), restore nitric oxide levels (control: 31.7 ± 5.5 μM, n = 8; HFD + PBM: 29.9 ± 3.7 μM, n = 8 > HFD: 22.2 ± 2.9 μM, n = 8, p < 0.05), decrease lipoperoxidation (control: 1.65 ± 0.25 nM, n = 8; HFD + PBM: 2.05 ± 0.55 nM, n = 8 < HFD: 3.20 ± 0.47 nM, n = 8; p < 0.05), and improve endothelial function (pD2 control: 7.39 ± 0.08, n = 8 > pD2 HFD + PBM: 7.15 ± 0.07, n = 8 > HFD: 6.94 ± 0.07, n = 8; p < 0.05). Our results indicate that PBM prevents the elevation of blood pressure in an obese animal model by a mechanism that involves improvement of endothelial function through an antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Camargo Oishi
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar. Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Oliveira de Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar. Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13565-905, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Julio Cesar Conceição Filho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar. Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thiago Francisco de Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar. Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13565-905, Brazil
| | - Barbara Terroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar. Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luciana Almeida-Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino de Fototerapia nas Ciências da Saúde - NUPEN, Rua Sebastião de Moraes, 831, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13562-030, Brazil
| | - Gerson Jhonatan Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar. Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, CEP:13565-905, Brazil
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Kuciene R, Dulskiene V. Associations between tri-ponderal mass index, body mass index, and high blood pressure among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18148. [PMID: 37875577 PMCID: PMC10598122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are major public health issues globally. The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and body mass index (BMI) and HBP and to determine which anthropometric parameters may best predict HBP among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. This cross-sectional study included 3710 Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7-18 (52.7% boys and 47.3% girls). Each subject's height, weight, and other anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure were measured according to standardized protocols; subsequently, TMI and BMI were calculated. The prevalence of HBP was 27% (the prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension was 13.7% and 13.3%, respectively), significantly higher for boys than for girls. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the BMI z-score and BP were higher than those between the TMI z-score and BP. In both sexes combined, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for HBP were increased significantly with increasing quartiles of TMI and BMI as compared to the first quartile (Q1) (Q2: aOR = 1.37 and aOR = 1.69; Q3: aOR = 2.10 and aOR = 2.27; Q4: aOR = 3.95 and aOR = 4.91, respectively). Significant associations also were observed between overweight and obesity (defined according to two methods: age- and sex-specific TMI percentiles and IOTF criteria) among boys and girls separately. BMI presented a higher area under the curve value than TMI for predicting HBP in children and adolescents. The findings of the study suggest that BMI and TMI are significantly associated with HBP. However, BMI is a better predictor for HBP than TMI among Lithuanian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kuciene
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, 50162, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Virginija Dulskiene
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, 50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Cui Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Wu J, Zhang D, Xing Y, Shen X. Children who appeared or remained overweight or obese predict a higher follow-up blood pressure and higher risk of hypertension: a 6-year longitudinal study in Yantai, China. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1840-1849. [PMID: 37095339 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies have examined the effect of weight status change on blood pressure change over time and incidence of hypertension among Chinese children. The longitudinal study enrolled 17,702 Chinese children aged 7 years in Yantai in 2014 as baseline, with a continuous 5 years of follow-up to 2019. Generalized estimating equation model was fitted to examine the main and interaction effects of weight status change and time with blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension. Compared with the participants who remained normal weight, the participants who remained overweight or obese had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 2.89, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = 1.79, p < 0.001). Significant interactions were identified between weight status change and time with SBP (χ2interaction = 697.77, p < 0.001) and DBP (χ2interaction = 270.49, p < 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension were 1.70 (1.59-1.82) for participants who appeared overweight or obese, 2.26 (2.14-2.40) for participants who remained overweight or obese, compared with the participants who remained normal weight. Those who switched from overweight or obesity to normal weight had almost the same risk of developing hypertension (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.26) as children who remained normal weight. Children who appeared or remained overweight or obese predict a higher follow-up blood pressure and higher risk of hypertension, whereas losing weight could reduce blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. Children who appeared or remained overweight or obese predict a higher follow-up blood pressure and higher risk of hypertension, whereas losing weight could reduce blood pressure and the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianyan Wu
- Department of Anesthetized One, Jiaozhou People's Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yufang Xing
- Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Jumare J, Dakum P, Sam-Agudu N, Memiah P, Nowak R, Bada F, Oguama U, Odonye G, Adebiyi R, Cairo C, Kwaghe V, Adebamowo C, Abimiku A, Charurat M. Prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome and its components among adults living with and without HIV in Nigeria: a single-center study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:160. [PMID: 37507703 PMCID: PMC10375691 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV (PLHIV) now live longer due to effective combination antiretroviral therapy. However, emerging evidence indicates that they may be at increased risk for some cardiometabolic disorders. We compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its component disorders between persons living with and without HIV in Nigeria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective cohort study of non-communicable diseases among PLHIV along with age- and sex-matched persons without HIV (PWoH) at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Nigeria. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data, including anthropometric measures and results of relevant laboratory tests. MetS was defined using a modification of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) criteria. RESULTS Of the 440 PLHIV and 232 PWoH, women constituted 50.5% and 51.3% respectively. The median age of the PLHIV was 45 years while that of the PWoH was 40 years. The prevalence of MetS was 30.7% (95% CI: 26.4%, 35.2%) and 22.8% (95% CI: 17.6%, 28.8%) among the PLHIV and PWoH respectively (P = 0.026). Independent associations were found for older age (P < 0.001), female sex (P < 0.001), family history of diabetes (P < 0.001), family history of hypertension (P = 0.013) and alcohol use (P = 0.015). The prevalence of component disorders for PLHIV versus PWoH were as follows: high blood pressure (22.3% vs 20.3%), prediabetes (33.8% vs 21.1%), diabetes (20.5% vs 8.2%), high triglycerides (24.5% vs 17.2%), low HDL-Cholesterol (51.1% vs 41.4%), and abdominal obesity (38.4% vs 37.1%). Adjusting for age and sex, prediabetes, diabetes, and low HDL-Cholesterol were significantly associated with HIV status. Duration on antiretroviral therapy, protease inhibitor-based regimen, CD4 count, and viral load were associated with some of the disorders mostly in unadjusted analyses. CONCLUSION We found a high burden of MetS and its component disorders, with significantly higher prevalence of dysglycemia and dyslipidemia among PLHIV as compared to PWoH. Integration of strategies for the prevention and management of MetS disorders is needed in HIV treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibreel Jumare
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Patrick Dakum
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nadia Sam-Agudu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Peter Memiah
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rebecca Nowak
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Florence Bada
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Uzoamaka Oguama
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - George Odonye
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ruxton Adebiyi
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vivian Kwaghe
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Clement Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alash'le Abimiku
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Man Charurat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Santos CPC, Lagares LS, Santos SRM, Silva MSDP, de Macedo RC, de Almeida LAB, Bomfim ES. Association between Arterial Hypertension and Laboratory Markers, Body Composition, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Autonomic Parameters in Obese Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220728. [PMID: 37466621 PMCID: PMC10365017 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial disease, highly prevalent and associated with health risks. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between SAH and laboratory, anthropometric, heart rate variability (HRV), and obstructive sleep apnea markers and, secondarily, to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the variables that are independent factors in the association. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 95 obese patients treated at an obesity referral clinic in Salvador, BA, Brazil. SAH data were obtained from electronic medical records. The sample was stratified in the Normotensive Group (NG) and the Hypertensive Group (HG), and laboratory markers, body composition, polysomnography, and HRV were measured to evaluate the association of SAH with the predictor variables. For the analysis, p<0.05 was adopted. RESULTS The average age of the NG was 36.3 ± 10.1 and HG 40.4 ± 10.6 years; 73.7% were women in the NG and 57.9% in HG; 82.4% in HG had insulin resistance. In the multivarious logistics regression model with adjustments in age, sex, height, and oxyhemoglobin saturation, SAH was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-0.99) and visceral fat area (VFA) cm2(OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). The area under the VFA curve was 0.728; CI 95% (0.620-0.836); fasting plasma glucose 0.693;CI 95% (0.582-0.804). CONCLUSIONS Lower VFA and fasting plasma glucose concentrations were inversely associated with SAH. In addition, fasting plasma glucose and VFA showed a high sensitivity for SAH screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarcson Plácido Conceição Santos
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaGrupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em SaúdeSalvadorBABrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Grupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em Saúde, Salvador, BA – Brasil
| | - Laura Souza Lagares
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaGrupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em SaúdeSalvadorBABrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Grupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em Saúde, Salvador, BA – Brasil
| | - Sarah Rafaela Mascarenhas Santos
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaGrupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em SaúdeSalvadorBABrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Grupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em Saúde, Salvador, BA – Brasil
| | - Mariana Sousa de Pina Silva
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaGrupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em SaúdeSalvadorBABrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Grupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em Saúde, Salvador, BA – Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Colares de Macedo
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaGrupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em SaúdeSalvadorBABrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Grupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em Saúde, Salvador, BA – Brasil
| | - Luiz Alberto Bastos de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaDepartamento de Educação FísicaFeira de SantanaBABrasilUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – Departamento de Educação Física, Feira de Santana, BA – Brasil
| | - Eric Simas Bomfim
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde PúblicaGrupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em SaúdeSalvadorBABrasilEscola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública – Grupo de Pesquisa em Doenças Metabólicas, Exercício Físico e Tecnologias em Saúde, Salvador, BA – Brasil
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Zou Q, Su C, Du W, Ouyang Y, Wang H, Zhang B, Luo S, Tan T, Chen Y, Zhong X, Zhang H. The Mediation and Moderation Effect Association among Physical Activity, Body-Fat Percentage, Blood Pressure, and Serum Lipids among Chinese Adults: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2015. Nutrients 2023; 15:3113. [PMID: 37513531 PMCID: PMC10383535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is of benefit and particularly important for cardiovascular disease risk factors as being sedentary becomes a lifestyle habit. Research into Chinese complex association among physical activity, body-fat percentage (BF%), blood pressure, and serum lipids is limited. The present study is based on an observational study among adults (>18 years old) residing in fifteen provinces in China. Data of 10,148 adult participants in the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed. The simple mediation effect models with covariates were utilized to assess the association among PA and blood pressure or serum lipids, and BF% was played as a mediator. The serial multiple-mediator models with covariates were constructed to the further analysis of the relationship between PA and blood pressure, and BF% was the mediator 1 and blood lipids were the mediator 2. Based on the above hypothesis, the moderated mediation models with covariates were used to analyze the association among PA, BF%, and blood pressure; in addition, BF% was used as the mediator and blood lipids played as the moderator. In the simple mediation models, the model with a dependent variable was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); BF% was played as the partly mediation effect and the proportion of contribution was 0.23 and 0.25, respectively. In the serial multiple-mediator models, blood lipids, as the second mediator, played the mediation effect; however, the effect was smaller than the BF%. In the moderated mediation model, blood lipids had the moderation effect as the moderator variable. HDL-C played a moderating role in the latter pathway of the "PA→BF%→SBP/DBP" mediation model, and LDL-C/TC played a moderating role in the direct effect of the "PA→BF%→DBP". In conclusion, BF% played a mediating role in the relationship between PA and blood pressure. HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC were more likely to act as moderating variables in the mediation model "PA→BF%→SBP/DBP". PA could directly and indirectly benefit to control the CVD risk factors simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpei Zou
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenwen Du
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yifei Ouyang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuquan Luo
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Chongqing Health Statistics Information Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huadong Zhang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
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Mamdouh H, Hussain HY, Ibrahim GM, Alawadi F, Hassanein M, Zarooni AA, Suwaidi HA, Hassan A, Alsheikh-Ali A, Alnakhi WK. Prevalence and associated risk factors of overweight and obesity among adult population in Dubai: a population-based cross-sectional survey in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062053. [PMID: 36693685 PMCID: PMC9884894 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine the associated risk factors among adults in Dubai. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional survey with a multistage, stratified random sampling design was conducted in the Emirate of Dubai in 2019. PARTICIPANTS The study included 2142 adults aged 18+ years in the Emirate of Dubai. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity, which was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, was 17.8%. The highest obesity rates were reported among women (21.6%) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)-nationals (39.6%). Moreover, 39.8% of the population was overweight (BMI ≥25-29.9 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic regression showed associations between obesity and age, sex, nationality, hypertension and occupation. Obesity increases with age, with the highest risk at age group 50-59 years (OR 4.30; 95% CI 1.57 to 11.78) compared with the reference group (18-24 years). Females had a higher risk of obesity than males (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.38). Compared with those in the reference group (Western and others), UAE nationals, other Arabs and Asians were more likely to be obese ((OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.67), (OR 3.61; 95% CI 2.41 to 5.44) and (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.50), respectively). Clerical and service workers (OR 4.50; 95% CI 2.54 to 8.00) and elementary and unskilled occupation categories (OR 2.57; 95% CI 1.56 to 4.25) had higher risks of obesity than the reference group (professionals), p<0.01). Hypertensive individuals had a higher risk of obesity than normotensive individuals (OR=3.96; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and overweight are highly prevalent among adults in Dubai and are remarkably associated with sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. Comprehensive strategic initiatives are urgently needed to control obesity in the high-risk populations in the Emirate of Dubai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mamdouh
- Department of Data Analysis, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Department of Family Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hamid Y Hussain
- Department of Data Analysis, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Gamal M Ibrahim
- Department of Data Analysis, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Departemnet of statistics, High Institute for Management Sciences, Belqas, Egypt
| | - Fatheya Alawadi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Amer Al Zarooni
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hanan Al Suwaidi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Amar Hassan
- HBMCDM, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Wafa Khamis Alnakhi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
- Department of Data Analysis Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
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Chen N, Hu LK, Sun Y, Dong J, Chu X, Lu YK, Liu YH, Ma LL, Yan YX. Associations of waist-to-height ratio with the incidence of type 2 diabetes and mediation analysis: Two independent cohort studies. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:9-15. [PMID: 36586764 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the relationship between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)/impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and to explore to what extent these associations are mediated by blood pressure, lipids and other indicators related to liver and kidney metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was based on a functional community cohort included 6109 participants which were divided into two sub-cohorts. One sub-cohort included participants with normal fasting glucose (n = 5563), another included IFG individuals at baseline (n = 546). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the relationships of WHtR with T2D/IFG. Four-year time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were calculated to estimate the discriminatory power of WhtR and other anthropometric indices on T2D. Mediation analysis was performed to estimate which risk factors mediate the association between WHtR and T2D. RESULTS Significant positive associations were found between WHtR and the incidence of T2D/IFG in both sub-cohort. WhtR was a useful predictor of T2D (P < 0.05). Mediation analysis showed that HOMA-IR (0.45 %), SBP (5.10 %), triglycerides (11.02 %), creatinine (9.36 %) and combined kidney indicators (17.48 %) partly mediated the effect of WHtR on T2D in men. For women, this association was partly mediated by SBP (13.86 %), HDL (24.54 %), ALT (6.29 %), UA (22.58 %) and combined kidney indicators (39.51 %). CONCLUSIONS WHtR was an independent risk factor for the development of T2D and IFG. This association was partly mediated by HOMA-IR, SBP, lipids and other liver and kidney metabolism indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Kun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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Lee YJ, Kim HM, Jang YN, Han YM, Seo HS, Jung TW, Jeong JH, Lee HJ, Jung KO. Buspirone Induces Weight Loss and Normalization of Blood Pressure via the Stimulation of PPAR δ Dependent Energy Producing Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:7550164. [PMID: 37168052 PMCID: PMC10164918 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7550164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Buspirone, as a partial agonist for a 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A (5-HT1A), has been prescribed as an anxiolytic drug for patients. In addition, the lowering effect of serotonin on blood pressure was reported in hypertensive animal model. We investigated the therapeutic mechanism of buspirone against lipid metabolism disturbed by hypertension of early stage via hypertensive and obese animal model. Methods The levels of various biomarkers related to lipid metabolism and hypertension were estimated through the measurement of body weight and fat weight, blood analysis, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and staining methods. Results The lipid accumulation was lowered in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells by buspirone treatments of 50 and 100 μM compared with untreated differentiated control. Body weight and abdominal fat weight were lowered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) administered with buspirone of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks than 8-week untreated group. Triglyceride (TG) level was decreased in SHRs administered with buspirone of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day compared to 8-week untreated group. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was elevated by buspirone 10 mg/kg/day treatment compared to 8-week untreated group. Blood pressures in SHRs were lowered by buspirone treatments of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day compared with 8-week untreated group. Protein levels for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) were increased both in C2C12 cells treated by buspirone of 100 μM and in SHRs administered by buspirone of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day compared to untreated control cells and 8-week untreated group. Fat cell numbers decreased in 8-week untreated group were increased in SHRs administered by buspirone treats of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day. Protein expression levels for angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) were increased in 8-week untreated group compared to 4-week group, however, they were decreased by buspirone treatments of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day. Conclusion Buspirone may induce the losses of body weight and abdominal fat weight through the activation of PPARδ dependent catabolic metabolism producing energy, and eventually, the ameliorated lipid metabolism could normalize high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jik Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus KUMS Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Na Jang
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Mi Han
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seog Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Geng S, Chen X, Shi Z, Bai K, Shi S. Association of anthropometric indices with the development of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276216. [PMID: 36240163 PMCID: PMC9565419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and multimorbidity. However, the relationship between other obesity indicators and their dynamic changes and multimorbidity has not been systematically estimated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of BMI and other obesity indicators, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height0.5 (WHT.5R), and body roundness index (BRI) and their changes and the risk of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults through a retrospective cohort study. METHODS Data collected from annual health examination dataset in the Jinshui during 2017 and 2021. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of baseline and dynamic changes in the anthropometric indices on the risk of multimorbidity. RESULTS A total of 75,028 individuals were included in the study, and 5,886 participants developed multimorbidity during the follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a progressive increase in the risk of multimorbidity with increasing anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC, WHtR, WHT.5R, and BRI) (all P<0.001). Regardless of general obesity status at baseline, increased WC was associated with a high risk of multimorbidity. Compared to the subjects with baseline BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC<90 (men)/80 (women), the HRs (95% CI) of the baseline BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) group and BMI≥24 kg/m2 and WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) group were 1.31 (1.08, 1.61) and 1.82 (1.68, 1.97), respectively. In addition, the dynamics of WC could reflect the risk of multimorbidity. When subjects with baseline WC<90 (men)/80 (women) progressed to WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) during follow-up, the risk of multimorbidity significantly increased (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.64, 1.95), while the risk of multimorbidity tended to decrease when people with abnormal WC at baseline reversed to normal at follow-up (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26, 1.54) compared to those who still exhibited abnormal WC at follow-up (HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82, 2.18). CONCLUSIONS Central obesity is an independent and alterable risk factor for the occurrence of multimorbidity in middle-aged and elderly populations. In addition to the clinical measurement of BMI, the measurement of the central obesity index WC may provide additional benefits for the identification of multimorbidity in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoji Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Shi
- Department of pharmacy, Zhengzhou people’s hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaizhi Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songhe Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Tozo TAA, Gisi ML, Brand C, Moreira CMM, Pereira BO, Leite N. Family history of arterial hypertension and central adiposity: impact on blood pressure in schoolchildren. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:497. [PMID: 35999624 PMCID: PMC9400321 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A family history of arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for arterial hypertension. This study aimed to verify the mediating role of high central adiposity in the relationship between family history of arterial hypertension and blood pressure in schoolchildren. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 118 schoolchildren of both sexes aged between 11 and 17 years. Weight, height, waist circumference and body mass index z score were verified. Somatic maturation was predicted by age for peak growth velocity. The family history of arterial hypertension was verified and defined as hypertensive schoolchildren with systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure. Mediation analysis was used with linear regression models applied by PROCESS macro for SPSS (version 22.0), with significance p < 0.05. RESULTS It was observed that 34.7% of the students have family history of arterial hypertension, 36% of the girls and 44.2% of the boys have arterial hypertension. In girls, the relationship between waist circumference and systolic blood pressure was direct (β = 0.535 p = 0.005), and those with a family history of arterial hypertension and who had a waist circumference greater than those without a family history of arterial hypertension was significant (β = -5,437 p = 0.009). Likewise, the relationship between family history of arterial hypertension and systolic blood pressure was attenuated when waist circumference was included in the model (β = -5.544; p = 0.103), indicating waist circumference as a mediator with an influence percentage of 19%. For boys, waist circumference is not a mediator of the relationship between family history of arterial hypertension and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Elevated central adiposity was a mediator of the relationship between family history of arterial hypertension and high blood pressure in girls, indicating the importance of family health strategies in the prevention and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lourdes Gisi
- Postgraduate Program in Education (School of Humanities) - Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion , University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Marisa Maia Moreira
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Nazari S, Moosavi SMS. Temporal patterns of alterations in obesity index, lipid profile, renal function and blood pressure during the development of hypertension in male, but not female, rats fed a moderately high-fat diet. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:897-909. [PMID: 32195603 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1739713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Male Sprague-Dawley rats consuming a moderately high-fat (MHF)-diet diverge into obesity-prone (OP) with hypertension and obesity-resistant. OBJECTIVES To study the temporal inter-relationships between body-weight, obesity-index, plasma lipid-profile, renal functional parameters and systolic-pressure alterations during 10-weeks feeding MHF or normal diet to male and female rats. METHODS Body-weight, obesity-index and systolic-pressure were measured weekly, while metabolic-cage and blood-sampling protocols were performed every other week. After 10-weeks, renal excretory responses to acute salt-loading and renal autoregulation were examined. RESULTS The male-OP group had progressively increased body-weight, plasma-triglyceride and systolic-pressure from Weeks 2, 4 and 5, respectively, lower renal sodium-excretion at weeks 4-8 and finally, delayed excretory response to salt-loading and rightward and downward shifts in renal autoregulatory curves compared to all other groups. CONCLUSION Feeding the MHF-diet in male-OP rats led to a greater weight-gain and adiposity followed by the development of atherogenic-hyperlipidaemia and persistently impaired pressure-natriuresis to induce hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Nazari
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Saad B, Kmail A, Haq SZH. Anti-Diabesity Middle Eastern Medicinal Plants and Their Action Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2276094. [PMID: 35899227 PMCID: PMC9313926 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2276094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, the escalation in diabetes and obesity rates has become epidemic all over the world. Diabesity describes the strong link between T2D and obesity. It correlates deeper with the elevated risks of developing cardiovascular disease hypertension, stroke, and several malignancies. Therapeutic usage of medicinal plants and natural products in the treatment of diabetes and obesity has long been known to physicians of Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine. Improved versions of their abundant medicinal plant-based formulations are at present some of the most popular herbal treatments used. Preclinical and clinical data about medicinal plants along with their bioactive constituents are now available, justifying the traditionally known therapeutic uses of products derived from them for the prevention and cure of obesity-related T2D and other health problems. The aim of this review is to systematize published scientific data dealing with the efficiency of active ingredients or extracts from Middle Eastern medicinal plants and diet in the management of diabesity and its complications. Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched for publications describing the medicinal plants and diet used in the management of T2D, obesity, and their complications. The used keywords were "medicinal plants" or "herbals" in combination with "obesity," "diabetes," "diabetes," or nephropathy. More than 130 medicinal plants were identified to target diabesity and its complications. The antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects and action mechanisms of these plants are discussed here. These include the regulation of appetite, thermogenesis, lipid absorption, and lipolysis; pancreatic lipase activity and adipogenesis; glucose absorption in the intestine, insulin secretion, glucose transporters, gluconeogenesis, and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Saad
- Faculties of Medicine and Arts and Sciences, Arab American University, P.O. Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
- Al-Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academy, P.O. Box 124, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel
| | - Abdalsalam Kmail
- Faculties of Medicine and Arts and Sciences, Arab American University, P.O. Box 240, Jenin, State of Palestine
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Cui Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Zhao L, Song R, Han M, Shen X. Temporal Associations between Tri-Ponderal Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Chinese Children: A Cross-Lag Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091783. [PMID: 35565750 PMCID: PMC9103659 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: No longitudinal studies have explored the relationship between tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and blood pressure (BP) in children. This study is aimed to investigate the temporal associations between TMI and BP among children in China. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out with Chinese children from 2014 to 2019. Data of the anthropometric examination and blood pressure were collected annually. TMI was calculated by dividing weight by the cube of height. BP was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. We investigated temporal associations between TMI and BP with a cross-lagged panel model using repeated measure data from 2014 (Wave 1), 2016 (Wave 2), and 2018 (Wave 3). Results: Results of the cross-lagged panel model showed that TMI was associated with subsequent BP. Participants with higher levels of TMI presented higher levels of BP (Wave 1: β = 0.737 for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and β = 0.308 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Wave 2: β = 0.422 for SBP and β = 0.165 for DBP, p < 0.01). In addition, children with higher BP could also present higher TMI (Wave 1: β = 0.004 for SBP and β = 0.006 for DBP, Wave 2: β = 0.003 for SBP and β = 0.005 for DBP, p < 0.01), but the cross-lag path coefficient indicated that the influence of TMI on BP was stronger than the influence of BP on TMI. Conclusions: There was a temporal association between TMI and BP in Chinese children. Higher TMI predicted higher subsequent BP rather than the reverse relationship.
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17
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Poorolajal J, Mohammadi Y, Doosti-Irani A, Khosh-Manesh S. The contribution of avoidable factors in doubling or halving the odds of hypertension. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266689. [PMID: 35390081 PMCID: PMC8989301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the well-known impact of fruit/vegetable consumption, physical activity, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol on blood pressure, the amount of exposure to these factors is required to halve or double the odds of hypertension is unknown, but it was investigated in this research. Methods The data used in this study are derived from results of the seventh Iranian national STEPS survey involving 30,542 adults aged 18 years or older. The questionnaire measured non-communicable disease risk factors covered three different levels including behavioral characteristics, physical and biochemical measurements. The level of exposure to factors necessary to reach the odds ratio of 0.5 or odds ratio of 2.0 was obtained from the coefficients of the multiple logistic regression model. Results An OR of 0.5 corresponds to 7 servings of fruit and vegetable consumption daily and burning of 7175 kcal through physical activity at work or recreation daily. An OR of 2.0 corresponds to an increase in body mass index of about 11 kg/m2, an increase in the waist-hip ratio of about 18%, an increase in fasting blood glucose of about 77 mg/dl, and an increase in total cholesterol of about 134 mg/dl. Conclusion The results of this study indicate how much fruit and vegetable and physical activity halve the odds of hypertension and how much increase in body mass index, the waist-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol can double the odds of hypertension. Such information may be useful for developing guidelines by policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saman Khosh-Manesh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- * E-mail:
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18
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Neves MEA, Souza MR, Gorgulho BM, Pereira RA, Cunha DB, Souza AM, Muraro AP, Ferreira MG, Rodrigues PRM. Restricted dietary pattern may contribute to lowering blood pressure in adolescents with obesity: Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. J Hypertens 2022; 40:785-793. [PMID: 35175959 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dieting is one of the main target factors for interventions that seek to control and prevent rising blood pressure. This study identified dietary patterns and analyzed their association with adolescents' blood pressure. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic and nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 12-17 years, who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA), carried out in 2013-2014 with Brazilian adolescents (N = 36 956). Food consumption was assessed by 24 h recall. Dietary patterns were identified using the Reduced Rank Regression method, and considering waist circumference, fasting insulin, and dietary polyunsaturated fat/saturated fat ratio as intermediate variables. Multiple linear regression models stratified by weight were developed; SBP and DBP were the dependent variables, and dietary pattern scores were the independent ones, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. RESULTS The following patterns were identified: 'Brazilian common', 'Restricted' and 'Added sugar'. The 'Restricted' pattern, which included diet/light foods, chicken and chicken-based dishes, leafy greens, vegetables and spices, red meats and dishes based on red meats and tubers, was inversely associated with SBP (β = -1.55; 95% CI = -2.26 to -0.83) and DBP (β = -1.19; 95% CI = -1.70 to -0.68) in adolescents with obesity. CONCLUSION In adolescents with obesity, a low-energy density diet was associated with reduced blood pressure. These findings are consistent with international recommendations for preventing elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana E A Neves
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
| | - Marielly R Souza
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
| | - Bartira M Gorgulho
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
| | - Rosangela A Pereira
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Edifício do Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2° andar, Cidade Universitária
| | - Diana B Cunha
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7° andar
| | - Amanda M Souza
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Endereço: Avenida Horácio Macedo, s/n - Próximo a Prefeitura Universitária da UFRJ. Ilha do Fundão - Cidade Universitária
| | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabâ, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Márcia G Ferreira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
| | - Paulo R M Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso
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Gao YX, Zhang J, Man Q, Li Y, Jia S. The association between vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome components among metropolitan adolescent population. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:55-63. [PMID: 34757705 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D promotes both lipolysis and lipogenesis, and some pediatric studies showed inconsistent associations between vitamin D and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D levels and MetS components among metropolitan adolescents. METHODS A total of 4,149 adolescents aged 10-18 years were recruited from 23 metropolises in China. The MetS conditions were assessed according to the International Diabetes Federation consensus definition, and the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were analyzed. The association between MetS components and serum 25(OH)D levels was analyzed by the logistic regression model. Restricted cubic spline was applied to the model nonlinear association. RESULTS Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.9%, and 41.2% of study participants had at least one MetS component. After adjustment, the significant trend for a lower waist-to-height ratio was not observed in study participants with higher serum 25(OH)D quartile (p=0.57), but a significant nonlinear association between abdominal obesity and serum 25(OH)D levels was found (p=0.04): the highest risk of abdominal obesity occurred at 14.1 ng/mL of serum 25(OH)D. The association of serum 25(OH)D was significantly inverse with MetS (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98), but not with raised triglycerides (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96-1.01), raised blood pressure (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97-1.01) and impaired fasting glycemia (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSIONS The net effect of vitamin D on lipid metabolism may be concentration-dependent, and the actual effect of vitamin D on MetS process may be complex among metropolitan adolescents, though serum 25(OH)D is inversely associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Gao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
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20
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Ying M, Hu X, Li Q, Dong H, Zhou Y, Chen Z. Long-term trajectories of BMI and cumulative incident metabolic syndrome: A cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915394. [PMID: 36568079 PMCID: PMC9773063 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) has been widely recognized as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the relationship between the trajectory of BMI and cumulative incident MetS is still unclear. We investigate the associations of long-term measurements of BMI with MetS among young adults in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. METHODS We enrolled individuals aged 10 to 20 at baseline with recorded BMI at each follow-up interview, and 554 participants were finally included in our study. The assessment and incidence of MetS were evaluated by blood tests and physical examinations in their adulthood. A latent class growth mixed model was used to identify three BMI trajectory patterns: a low baseline BMI with slow development (low-slow, n=438), a low baseline BMI with fast development (low-fast, n=66), and a high baseline BMI with fast development (high-fast, n=50). Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between different BMI trajectories and the incidence of MetS. RESULT During a follow-up of 16 years, 61 (11.01%) participants developed MetS. The combination of elevated triglycerides and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was most frequent in diagnosed MetS. In multivariate adjusted models, the low-fast and high-fast BMI trajectories showed a significantly higher risk of MetS than those with the low-slow BMI trajectory (low-high: OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.14-10.13, P < 0.05; high-fast: OR = 5.81, 95% CI: 1.63-20.69, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study identified three BMI trajectories in young adults and found that long-term measurements of BMI were also associated with cumulative incident MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingling Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhujun Chen, ; Yingling Zhou,
| | - Zhujun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhujun Chen, ; Yingling Zhou,
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21
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Kaur S, Sharma N, Roy A. Role of cannabinoids in various diseases: A review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1346-1358. [PMID: 34951355 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211223164656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant, Cannabis sativa is heavily explored and researched with many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of cannabis Sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing literature has proved its effectiveness against such diseases. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders. METHOD Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to form a well-informed and information-heavy manuscript. Here we tried to summaries the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids in various diseases. RESULT This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the Endocannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases Conclusion: Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly focus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University. India
| | - Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi. India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida. India
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22
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Kulthinee S, Nernpermpisooth N, Poomvanicha M, Satiphop J, Chuang-Ngu T, Kaleeluan N, Thawnashom K, Manin A, Kongchan R, Yinmaroeng K, Kitipawong P, Chotimol P. Cold Pressor Test Influences the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Healthy Overweight Young Adults. Pulse (Basel) 2021; 9:30-37. [PMID: 34722353 DOI: 10.1159/000517617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The cold pressor test (CPT) has been shown a potential sympathoexcitatory stimulus which increases aortic pulse wave velocity and the aortic augmentation index, suggesting that noninvasively, arterial stiffness parameters are altered by the CPT. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is widely used for reflecting arterial stiffness, and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) for evaluating peripheral artery disease in obesity. We aimed to assess CAVI and ABI in overweight young adults in the context of sympathetic activation by using the CPT. Methods 160 participants were divided into 2 groups: 86 normal-weight (body mass index [BMI] 18.50-22.99 kg/m2) and 74 overweight (BMI ≥23 kg/m2). The CPT was performed by immersing a participant's left hand into cold water (3-5°C) for 3 min, and CAVI and ABI assessment. Results At baseline, the CAVI in the overweight group was significantly less than that in the normal-weight group (5.79 ± 0.85 vs. 6.10 ± 0.85; p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) for overweight was significantly greater than that for normal-weight subjects (93.89 ± 7.31 vs. 91.10 ± 6.72; p < 0.05). During the CPT, the CAVI increased in both normal-weight and overweight subjects, the CAVI value was greater during the CPT in overweight subjects by 14.36% (6.62 ± 0.95 vs. 5.79 ± 0.85, p < 0.05) and in normal-weight subjects by 8.03% (6.59 ± 1.20 vs. 6.10 ± 0.85, p < 0.05) than those baseline values. The CPT evoked an increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), heart rate (HR,) and pulse pressure (PP) in both groups. After a 4-min CPT period, the CAVI returned values similar to the baseline values in both groups, and the SBP, DBP, MAP, and PP in overweight participants were significantly higher than those in normal-weight participants. However, there was no significant difference in the ABI at baseline, during CPT, and post-CPT in either group. Conclusions Our results indicated that the CAVI was influenced by sympathetic activation response to the CPT in both normal-weight and overweight young adults. Specifically, during the CPT, the percentage change of the CAVI in overweight response was greater in normal-weight participants than baseline values in each group. The ABI was not found significantly associated with CPT. These findings suggesting that sympathoexcitatory stimulus by CPT influence CAVI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Kulthinee
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Montatip Poomvanicha
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jidapa Satiphop
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Thizanamadee Chuang-Ngu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Napaporn Kaleeluan
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Thawnashom
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Anuchit Manin
- Cardiac Centre, Naresuan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rosarin Kongchan
- Cardiac Centre, Naresuan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kingkarn Yinmaroeng
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Peerapong Kitipawong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Phatiwat Chotimol
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Suri M, Suri A, Kumar D, Patel R. A Systematic Review of the Long-Term Trajectory of Hemodynamics and Body Composition in Childhood Obesity. Cureus 2021; 13:e19504. [PMID: 34912641 PMCID: PMC8664398 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has long been cited as a significant risk factor for high blood pressure, with long-term exposure linked with an increased incidence of carotid artery atherosclerosis. However, as obesity is becoming more common in young-aged children, it is important to recognize combinational factors like lifestyle, socioeconomic, and genetic factors as a cause. Increasing weight during childhood, on the other hand, is a clinically significant challenge for many physicians. It is critical to identify these risk factors since early prevention (primordial prevention) or treatment (primary prevention) to reverse the potential risks is much more likely to be effective. The objective of this review was to explore the relationship between lifestyle, anthropometric, and genetic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors. We are hopeful that our findings may aid in the primary prevention of hypertension in children and the prevention of any related cardiovascular complications that may arise later in life as a result of obesity. The synthesis of this systematic review includes a total of 15 studies using defined criteria, published up to October 2021. In addition, a total of 2,397 articles were found through an initial electronic database search and included a total of 38,182 participants. Studies explored included one or more of the following cardiovascular risk factors: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). The findings of this study support the notion that childhood obesity may be a risk factor for a variety of adult cardiovascular disease risk factors. Several behavioral, genetic, and anthropometric factors are linked to the development of obesity during early ages, overall creating challenges in cardiovascular health during adulthood. As a result, addressing the risk factors for childhood hypertension would be advantageous for the primary prevention of its sequelae in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Suri
- Medicine-Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Anuj Suri
- Internal Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, CAN
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Rohini Patel
- Internal Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Torok J, Zemancikova A, Valaskova Z, Balis P. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Early Changes in Arterial Function during High-Fat Diet and Its Combination with High-Fructose Intake in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111552. [PMID: 34829781 PMCID: PMC8615157 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of a high-fat diet and its combination with high-fructose intake on young normotensive rats, with focus on the modulatory effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the reactivity of isolated arteries. Six-week-old Wistar–Kyoto rats were treated for 8 weeks with a control diet (10% fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat), or a combination of the HFD with a 10% solution of fructose. Contractile and relaxant responses of isolated rat arteries, with preserved and removed PVAT for selected vasoactive stimuli, were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer. The results demonstrated that, in young rats, eight weeks of the HFD might lead to body fat accumulation and early excitation of the cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system, as shown by increased heart rate and enhanced arterial contractile responses induced by endogenous noradrenaline released from perivascular sympathetic nerves. The addition of high-fructose intake deteriorated this state by impairment of arterial relaxation and resulted in mild elevation of systolic blood pressure; however, the increase in arterial neurogenic contractions was not detected. The diet-induced alterations in isolated arteries were observed only in the presence of PVAT, indicating that this structure is important in initiation of early vascular changes during the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Torok
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +421-2-3229-6044 (J.T. & A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zemancikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +421-2-3229-6044 (J.T. & A.Z.)
| | - Zuzana Valaskova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (P.B.)
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25
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Cao Z, Dai S, Liu X. The geriatric nutritional risk index mediated the relationship between serum uric acid and hypertension: a mediation analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:527. [PMID: 34600488 PMCID: PMC8487585 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and nutritional status. Malnutrition might modify the association of SUA with hypertension. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the mediation effect of malnutrition on the association of SUA with the risk of hypertension in Chinese population. Methods The study was based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009. Participants aged ≥ 60 years with complete analyzed data were eligible. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) was calculated by serum albumin (ALB) and BMI. Participants were identified as hypertension if systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or receiving antihypertensive drug. Results There were 2371 participants included in the final analysis. In total, there was a significant mediation effect of the GNRI on the relationship between SUA level with hypertension (P < 0.001; OR: 1.096; and 95 % CI: 1.048–1.146). And the proportion mediated was 17.77 %. The results stratified by sex were consistent with those of total population. The significant mediation effects of the GNRI were found in the 60–69 years and 70–79 years groups (P = 0.002 and 0.032; OR: 1.099 and 1.075; and 95 % CI: 1.036–1.165 and 1.006–1.148, respectively) but not in the 80–99 years group (P = 0.303). The proportions mediated were16.22 % and 18.36 %, respectively. Conclusions The GNRI can mediate and account for approximately 17.77 % of the relationship between SUA level and the risk of hypertension. And this mediation effect was fully observed in both males and females, especially in the 60–79 years population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, 300450, Tianjin, China
| | - Sui Dai
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, 300450, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of Ultrasonics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, No 41 Zhejiang Road, 300450, Tianjin, China.
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Liu X, Zheng H. Modulation of Sirt1 and FoxO1 on Hypothalamic Leptin-Mediated Sympathetic Activation and Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020667. [PMID: 34259031 PMCID: PMC8483493 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypothalamic leptin-mediated signaling contributes to the exaggerated sympatho-excitation and increased blood pressure in obesity-associated hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate the roles of energy-sensing enzyme sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) on the hypothalamic leptin-mediated high sympathetic nerve activity and inflammation in obesity. Methods and Results Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. In vivo, the potential of Srit1 and FoxO1 in the sympathetic effects of leptin was investigated via siRNA injection to knockdown Sirt1 or FoxO1 gene in the arcuate nucleus (ARCN) of hypothalamus in rats. In vitro, the effects of Sirt1 or FoxO1 on leptin-mediated inflammation were observed in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and microglial cells. Knockdown Sirt1 by siRNA significantly reduced the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and blood pressure responses to leptin injection in the ARCN in the HFD rats. Conversely, knockdown FoxO1 significantly enhanced the RSNA and blood pressure responses to leptin injection in the HFD rats. Knockdown Sirt1 reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), C1q/TNF-related protein-1 (CTRP1), and immune cell infiltration in the ARCN in the HFD rats. Knockdown FoxO1 significantly increased the level of IL-6 in the ARCN of HFD rats. In cultured hypothalamic POMC and microglial cells, knockdown Sirt1 significantly reduced leptin-induced IL-6 expression, affected the levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (Akt). Knockdown FoxO1 significantly increased leptin-induced IL-6 in both POMC cells and microglial cells. Conclusions These data suggest that both Sirt1 and FoxO1 are the key modulators of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus contributed to the over sympathetic activation and inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota Vermillion SD
| | - Hong Zheng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota Vermillion SD
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Giontella A, Lotta LA, Overton JD, Baras A, Minuz P, Melander O, Gill D, Fava C. Causal Effect of Adiposity Measures on Blood Pressure Traits in 2 Urban Swedish Cohorts: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020405. [PMID: 34120448 PMCID: PMC8403279 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Different adiposity traits may be causally related to hypertension in different ways. By using genetic variants as randomly allocated proxies for studying the effect of modifying adiposity traits, the Mendelian randomization approach can be used to investigate this. Methods and Results In this study, we used 4 different genetic risk scores (GRS; GRS-BMI565, GRS-WHR324, GRS-VAT208, GRS-BF81) including hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue, and body fat, respectively. These were applied as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization analyses. Two Swedish urban-based cohort studies, the Malmö Diet and Cancer, and the Malmö Preventive 795Projects were used to obtain genetic association estimates with blood pressure (BP). In both the Malmö Preventive Projects and Malmö Diet and Cancer studies, except for that for body fat, all of the genetic risk scores were significantly associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, but with different magnitudes. In particular, in both cohorts, each standard deviation increase in the genetic risk score made up by the 324 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with waist-to-hip ratio was associated with doubling of the likelihood of hypertension prevalence at baseline. However, only the genetic risk score made up by the 565 SNPs associated with body mass index was significantly associated with hypertension incidence during 23.6±4.3 years of follow-up in the Malmö Preventive Project. Conclusions We support a causal link between genetically mediated adiposity, especially waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index, and BP traits including hypertension prevalence and, for the first time to our knowledge, hypertension incidence. The differences in magnitude between these associations might suggest different mechanisms by which different adiposity affects BP/hypertension and consequently may indicate that tailored interventions are needed to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giontella
- Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Research Center Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Pietro Minuz
- Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Research Center Lund University Malmö Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics St George's, University of London London United Kingdom
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences Clinical Research Center Lund University Malmö Sweden
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Freire RS, Reis VMCP, Brito AB, Brito MFSF, de Pinho L, Silva RRV, Silveira MF. Analysis of the interrelationships between factors influencing blood pressure in adults. Rev Saude Publica 2020; 54:147. [PMID: 33331490 PMCID: PMC7726937 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the interrelationships between sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors associated with high blood pressure in a population of Brazilian adults. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with adults were used. In the hypothetical model developed socioeconomic status, fruit and vegetable intake, adiposity and blood pressure were treated as latent variables and age, gender, glycemia, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and control of arterial hypertension were considered observed variables. Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to construct the latent variables measurement models and the structural equation modeling was used to adjust the final model. RESULTS The study included 808 individuals, with mean age of 44.2 years (± 17.8), 52.7% being female. It verified that age exerted a positive direct effect on blood pressure (β = 0.39), adiposity (β = 0.44), glycemia (β = 0.26) and smoking (β = 0.30). Age had a negative direct effect on physical activity (β=-0.17) and alcohol consumption (β = -0.10). Males were positively associated with blood pressure (β = 0.13), smoking (β = 0.28; p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (β = 0.18). Adiposity had a positive direct effect on blood pressure (β = 0.23) and glycemia (β = 0.16) and alcohol consumption produced a positive effect (β = 0.09) on adiposity. Fruit and vegetable intake had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (β = -0.11), while socioeconomic status had a positive direct effect on fruit and vegetable consumption (β = 0.47). We adjusted the structural model according to the variable medical control of arterial hypertension, which had a negative direct effect on blood pressure (β = -0.10). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that increasing age is associated with increased blood pressure, adiposity, glycemia and smoking, as well as with reduced physical activity and alcohol consumption. Males were associated with increased blood pressure and greater use of alcohol and cigarettes. Higher adiposity indicators were correlated with increased blood pressure and glycemic levels; higher alcohol consumption was associated with increased adiposity. Higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as active control of hypertension were associated with reduced blood pressure. Better socioeconomic status was associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silveira Freire
- Faculdades Unidas do Norte de MinasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeMontes ClarosMGBrasil Faculdades Unidas do Norte de Minas . Instituto de Ciências da Saúde . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
| | - Vivianne Margareth Chaves Pereira Reis
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosDepartamento de Educação FísicaMontes ClarosMGBrasil Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros . Departamento de Educação Física . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
| | - Alexandre Botelho Brito
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas GeraisDepartamento de MatemáticaMontes ClarosMGBrasil Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais . Departamento de Matemática . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
| | - Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo Brito
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em SaúdeMontes ClarosMGBrasil Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
| | - Lucinéia de Pinho
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em SaúdeMontes ClarosMGBrasil Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidado Primário em Saúde . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
| | - Rosângela Ramos Veloso Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosDepartamento de Educação FísicaMontes ClarosMGBrasil Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros . Departamento de Educação Física . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
| | - Marise Fagundes Silveira
- Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da SaúdeMontes ClarosMGBrasil Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros . Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde . Montes Claros , MG , Brasil
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Okoye I, Ezeala-Adikaibe BA, Mbadiwe N, Onodugo OD, Anyim OB, Ijoma UN, Onodugo P, Orah-Okpala C, Ekochin F. Prevalence and distribution of hypertension in overweight and obese subjects in an urban community in Enugu, South East Nigeria. A post hoc analysis. Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:1566-1571. [PMID: 33221783 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_273_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Most recent studies in Nigeria have documented high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Several mechanisms may link hypertension and obesity hence the high prevalences of both disorders in Nigeria. There are however no studies on the prevalence of hypertension among the obese in urban settings. Aims The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and pattern of hypertension in overweight/obese individuals in a community. Methods We conducted a post-hoc analysis on obese subjects 20 years and above from two urban settlements within Enugu metropolis. For database management and statistical analyses, we used the SPSS version 22. Results Data from a total of 301 individuals with obesity who met the selection criteria were re-analyzed. A total of 198 (65.8%) individuals were found to have hypertension most of whom were newly diagnosed 110 (55.6%). The prevalence of hypertension was 65.8% and increased with age and BMI. Conclusion Individuals with overweight/obesity have very high rates of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension also increased with and BMI. Thus, there is need for targeted health education in adults to address the burden of obesity and hypertension to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Okoye
- Department of Medicine, Odimegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - N Mbadiwe
- Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - O D Onodugo
- Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - O B Anyim
- Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - U N Ijoma
- Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - P Onodugo
- Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - C Orah-Okpala
- Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - F Ekochin
- Department of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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Resanović I, Zarić B, Radovanović J, Sudar-Milovanović E, Gluvić Z, Jevremović D, Isenović ER. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Vascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus. Angiology 2020; 71:876-885. [PMID: 32638622 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720936925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are common. Since impaired oxygen balance in plasma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic DM-associated complications, the administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been recommended to influence development of vascular complications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves inhalation of 100% oxygen under elevated pressure from 1.6 to 2.8 absolute atmospheres in hyperbaric chambers. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases plasma oxygen solubility, contributing to better oxygen diffusion to distant tissues and preservation of the viability of tissues reversibly damaged by atherosclerosis-induced ischemia, along with microcirculation restoration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy exerts antiatherogenic, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects by altering the level and composition of plasma fatty acids and also by promoting signal transduction through membranes, which are impaired by hyperglycemia and hypoxia. In addition, HBOT affects molecules involved in the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis and in that way exerts anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects in patients with DM. In this review, we explore the recent literature related to the effects of HBOT on DM-related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Resanović
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidarka Zarić
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanović
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Sudar-Milovanović
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvić
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danimir Jevremović
- Faculty of Stomatology in Pancevo, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenović
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Dhawan D, Sharma S. Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines and Non-communicable Diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105737. [PMID: 32818561 PMCID: PMC7431389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity may be defined as excess deposits of fat in the abdominal region. It is a common health condition seen in South Asians and is positively related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is independent of body mass index and measured by raised waist circumference for men≥90 cm and women≥80 cm. The reason for its prevalence being common in Indians finds its root from pregnancy, during fetal period and has emerged as a concept of 'Thin Fat Indian'. Malnutrition in such a critical period of growth has consequences in the form of reduced basal metabolic rate (BMR), reduced blood flow to growing tissues, reduced functional ability of vital organs, endocrine changes and reduced capacity of primary adipose tissue. However, excess of visceral fat facilitates high dosage of adipokines in the portal vein to liver and other body tissues having serious implications seen in the form NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, kidney disorders, cancer and other health problems. Abdominal obesity should be addressed before it has progressed further to defined health issues by exercise and diet, so that people can live a quality life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Amity University, Haryana, Gurgaon, India; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sheel Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Gutema BT, Chuka A, Ayele G, Megersa ND, Bekele M, Baharu A, Gurara MK. Predictive capacity of obesity indices for high blood pressure among southern Ethiopian adult population: a WHO STEPS survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:421. [PMID: 32957951 PMCID: PMC7507659 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Health Organization (WHO) consultation experts recommend countries to have guidance to identify public health action points suitable for their country. The objective of the study was to evaluate different obesity indices to predict high blood pressure and its optimal cutoff values among the adult population. METHOD A total of 3368 individuals age from 25 to 64 years were included in this study. Data was collected based on the WHO Stepwise approach. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WstC), waist to hip ratio (WHpR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were measured and calculated. High blood pressure was considered for those with systolic blood pressure above 135 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure above 85 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medications. To generate cutoff values, the receiver operator characteristic curve was generated with the maximum Youden index. RESULT Women had a significantly higher hip circumference (P = 0.003), BMI (P = 0.036) and WHtR (P < 0.001) than men. Men had significantly higher WHpR (P = 0.027) than women. There were significantly higher BMI, WstC, WHpR, and WHtR among those with high blood pressure. The cutoff values for BMI, WstC, WHpR and WHtR were 22.86 kg/m2, 84.05 cm, 0.91 and 0.50 for men and 24.02 kg/m2, 79.50 cm, 0.91 and 0.51 for women, respectively. CONCLUSION BMI, WstC, WHpR, and WHtR are a useful predictor of high blood pressure among adults' rural residents of southern Ethiopia. As the sensitivity for the cutoff values of most of indices were low, further surveys in different settings may need to be done before a conclusion can be drawn on whether or not to review the anthropometric cut offs for high blood pressure in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Befikadu Tariku Gutema
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Adefris Chuka
- Save the children international, Konso field Office, Knoso, Ethiopia
| | - Gistane Ayele
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | - Muluken Bekele
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Alazar Baharu
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Computer Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Mekdes Kondal Gurara
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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The Short-Term Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Renal Excretion of Sodium and Its Association with Blood Pressure. Obes Surg 2020; 30:102-110. [PMID: 31515727 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in reducing weight and has benefits, such as lowering blood pressure. An increase in urinary sodium excretion has been suggested as a possible mechanism. This study explored changes in sodium excretion and their correlation with blood pressure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 28 obese participants with body mass index (BMI) of 44.54 ± 7.81 kg/m2 who underwent gastric bypass. Before surgery and at the third and sixth months after gastric bypass, blood pressure, urinary sodium concentration, 24-hour (24-h) urinary sodium excretion, and fractional excretion of sodium were evaluated. In addition, serum sodium and potassium levels were determined. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Blood pressure decreased after surgery and remained at low levels over the 3- and 6-month periods. The urinary sodium concentration increased at 3 months after surgery; however, the 24-h urinary sodium excretion and urine volume decreased. Interestingly, although some associations between variables were observed, significant correlations between the 24-h urinary sodium excretion and the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were found. In addition, the urine volume was higher in the sixth month than in the third month following surgery. CONCLUSIONS In the months immediately following surgery, a low-salt and low-volume diet favors decreases in urine volume and 24-h urinary sodium excretion. In addition, in the sixth month after surgery, an association between blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion was observed.
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Frank HR, Mulder H, Sriram K, Santanam TS, Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Armstrong SC, Peterson ED, Pencina M, Wong CA. The Dose-Response Relationship Between Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adults. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:201-208. [PMID: 32571756 PMCID: PMC11218041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Guidelines recommend 150 minutes of weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for all adults, although physical activity level correlation with cardiometabolic health is not well characterized for young adults. We determined the dose-response relationship of MVPA on measures of cardiometabolic health in young adults. METHODS We examined young adults (aged 20-29 years; N = 5,395, 47.9% female) in the 2003-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exposures were objective (accelerometer based) and self-reported weekly mean minutes of MVPA. Cardiometabolic outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The dose-response relationships were assessed with unadjusted spline analyses. Sex-stratified outcomes were modeled using multivariable linear regression with mean estimated change presented for 150-minute dose increases of MVPA. RESULTS Among females, associations between objective activity and cardiometabolic measures were all linear. Compared with no activity, 150 minutes of objective activity was associated with a lower BMI (-1.37 kg/m2) and total cholesterol (-4.89 mg/dL), whereas 150 minutes of self-reported activity was associated with a higher HDL (1 mg/dL) and lower diastolic blood pressure (-.42 mm Hg). Among males, an inflection point was identified in the dose-response curves for objective activity with BMI around 100 minutes. Compared with no activity, 150 self-reported minutes was associated with lower BMI (-.26 kg/m2), higher HDL (.52 mg/dL), and lower total cholesterol (-1.35 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS The dose-response relationships between physical activity and cardiometabolic markers in young adults were predominantly linear, supporting public health calls for any increase in physical activity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hillary Mulder
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Taruni S Santanam
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Asheley C Skinner
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Charlene A Wong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Children's Health and Discovery Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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Khadir A, Kavalakatt S, Madhu D, Devarajan S, Abubaker J, Al-Mulla F, Tiss A. Spexin as an indicator of beneficial effects of exercise in human obesity and diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10635. [PMID: 32606431 PMCID: PMC7327065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spexin is a novel neuropeptide playing an emerging role in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes via involvement in energy homeostasis and food intake. The present study investigated the effects of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on circulating levels of spexin and its modulation by physical exercise. Normal-weight (n = 50) and obese adults with and without T2D (n = 69 and n = 66, respectively) were enrolled in the study. A subgroup of obese participants (n = 47) underwent a supervised 3-month exercise programme. Plasma spexin levels were measured by ELISA and correlated with various markers. Plasma spexin levels decreased in obese participants with or without T2D compared with those of normal-weight participants (0.43 ± 0.11, 0.44 ± 0.12 and 0.61 ± 0.23 ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.001). Spexin levels negatively correlated with adiposity markers and blood pressure in the whole study population (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed blood pressure was the greatest predictive determinant of plasma spexin levels, which significantly increased in response to physical exercise in obese participants without and with T2D (P < 0.05). Spexin levels significantly increased only in responders to exercise (those with increased oxygen consumption, VO2 max) with a concomitant improvement in metabolic profile. In conclusion, plasma spexin levels may be an indicator of response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Khadir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sina Kavalakatt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | | | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait.
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da-Silva CAC, Leite AL, Moreira JA, Abreu DDC, Oliveira PEDA, Nunes DP, Magalhães MIS, Silva JBNF. Association of dyslipidemia, hypertension and overweight/obesity with work shift and duration of employment among police officers in a small town in Northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Med Trab 2019; 17:537-544. [PMID: 32685753 PMCID: PMC7363266 DOI: 10.5327/z1679443520190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases have impact on the job performance of police officers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of overweight/obesity and cardiovascular risk factors with work shift and duration of employment among police officers. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 102 police officers in Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil, in which we analyzed sociodemographic data, occupational characteristics, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, personal history of disease and lifestyle. Statistical analysis included the chi-square and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Overweight/obesity was found among most participants (83.3%). Hypertriglyceridemia (49.1%), low HDL-C (56.9%) and high LDL-C (46.1%) levels were associated with abnormal BMI (p<0.05). Hypertension was the main disease reported by overweight/obese participants (28.2%) (p=0.01). Job position, lifestyle and work shift were not associated with any of the analyzed variables, however, abnormal BMI, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were frequent among the participants with 6-10 or more than 10 years in the job (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Part of the participants with at least 6 years in the job exhibited overweight/obesity in association with dyslipidemia and hypertension. We recommend prevention and therapeutic strategies to protect officers from chronic diseases or attenuate their long-term complications. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the associations we found, mainly between duration of employment and occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícero Adilson Coelho da-Silva
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Alexsandra Laurindo Leite
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Jéssica Alves Moreira
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Dandara Dias Cavalcante Abreu
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Pierri Emanoel de Abreu Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - Daniella Pires Nunes
- Undergraduate nursing course, Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Palmas (TO), Brazil.Universidade Federal do TocantinsUndergraduate nursing courseUniversidade Federal do TocantinsBrazil
| | - Maria Iranilda Silva Magalhães
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
| | - José Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva
- Department of Clinical Testing, Biomedicine undergraduate course, Faculdade Santa Maria - Cajazeiras (PB), Brazil.Faculdade Santa MariaDepartment of Clinical TestingBiomedicine undergraduate courseFaculdade Santa MariaBrazil
- Undergraduate medical course, Universidade Federal do Tocantins - Palmas (TO), Brazil.Universidade Federal do TocantinsUndergraduate medical courseUniversidade Federal do TocantinsBrazil
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Liu X, Zheng H. Leptin-Mediated Sympathoexcitation in Obese Rats: Role for Neuron-Astrocyte Crosstalk in the Arcuate Nucleus. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1217. [PMID: 31803004 PMCID: PMC6877670 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulated evidence indicates that obesity is associated with enhanced sympathetic activation. Hypothalamic leptin-mediated signaling may contribute to the exaggerated sympathoexcitation of obesity. The goal of this study was to investigate the "neuron-astrocyte" interaction affecting leptin-mediated sympathoexcitation within the arcuate nucleus (ARCN) of the hypothalamus in obese rats. Methods and Results Obesity was induced by high-fat diet (HFD, 42% of calories from fat) in Sprague Dawley rats. Twelve weeks of HFD produced hyperleptinemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. In anesthetized rats, microinjections of leptin into the ARCN induced increases in heart rate (HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in both control and HFD rats. However, microinjections of leptin in HFD rats elicited higher responses of RSNA and arterial pressure than control-fed rats. It also caused the inhibition of astrocytes within the ARCN using an astrocytic metabolic inhibitor, fluorocitrate, and reduced leptin-induced sympathetic activity and blood pressure responses. Moreover, the expression of the leptin receptor in the ARCN of HFD-fed rats was significantly increased compared to rats fed a control diet. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed leptin receptor localization from both neurons and astrocytes of the ARCN. HFD rats exhibited increased protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the ARCN. We also found that the expression of astrocyte-specific glutamate transporters and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) and 2 (EAAT2) were decreased within the ARCN of the HFD rats. In cultured astrocytic C6 cells, 24 h of leptin treatment increased the protein expression of GFAP and reduced the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2. Conclusion The results suggest that central leptin signaling occurs via neuron-astrocyte interactions in the ARCN and contributing to the exaggerated sympathoexcitation observed in obese rats. The effects may be mediated by the action of leptin on regulating astrocytic glutamate transporters within the ARCN of the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Liu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Hong Zheng
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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Sonn BJ, Saben JL, McWilliams G, Shelton SK, Flaten HK, D'Alessandro A, Monte AA. Predicting response to lisinopril in treating hypertension: a pilot study. Metabolomics 2019; 15:133. [PMID: 31583478 PMCID: PMC6815665 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only ~ 50% of hypertensive patients will respond to treatment. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to identify clinical and metabolite markers that predict response to lisinopril. METHODS Hypertensive patients (n = 45) received lisinopril (10 mg) at their baseline visit. Blood pressures were reevaluated one week later. Responders to lisinopril (n = 19) were defined by a 10% decline in systolic blood pressure. Plasma metabolites were evaluated with mass spectrometry. RESULTS BMI (p = 0.009), GFR (p = 0.015) and 2-oxoglutarate were included in a logistic regression model to predict response to lisinopril. CONCLUSIONS Further validation cohorts are needed to confirm the predictive values of these clinical and metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Sonn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jessica L Saben
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Emergency Department, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Building 400, Q09-127,12469 E 17th Pl, 80045, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Glenn McWilliams
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Shelby K Shelton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hania K Flaten
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Metabolomics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew A Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics & Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
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Yu C, Zhao H, Pan L, Zhang J, Wang X, Chang L, Tuo Y, Xi J, Liu B, Wang Y, Ren H, He H, Ren X, Shan G. The Additive Interaction between Body Mass Index and Hypertension Family History in Han and Yugur: The China National Health Survey (CNHS). Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:8268573. [PMID: 31316827 PMCID: PMC6604334 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8268573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the additive interaction of body mass index (BMI) and family history of hypertension (FHH) on hypertension and explore whether the interaction could be influenced by behavioural risk factors. METHODS The cross-sectional data on 5791 participants were from the China National Health Survey in Gansu province in 2016. We assessed the additive interaction by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (SI). RESULTS ORs for hypertension were highest in Han (13.52, 95% CI: 9.45 to 19.34) and Yugur (13.85, 95% CI: 8.48 to 22.63) with the combination of obesity and FHH. The interaction of BMI and FHH was significant in Han people, with the RERI, AP, and SI and their 95% CIs being 2.48 (1.13 to 3.82), 0.33 (0.19 to 0.47), and 1.61 (1.26 to 2.07) for overweight and FHH and 6.32 (1.91 to 10.73), 0.47 (0.27 to 0.67), and 2.02 (1.33 to 3.07) for obesity and FHH, respectively. The interaction of BMI and FHH was not significant in Yugur people. Adjustment for behavioural risk factors had little influence on the interactions, and risks of hypertension remained increased. CONCLUSIONS BMI and FHH were associated with hypertension, and the interaction of BMI and FHH on hypertension was significant in Han but not in Yugur people. Behavioural risk factors had little influence on the associations and interactions. The exacerbation of hypertension risks by overweight or obesity in hypertension families deserves attention in weight control and community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Institute of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lijun Chang
- Institute of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Tuo
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jin'en Xi
- Institute of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huiru Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaolan Ren
- Institute of Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Impact of evacuation on trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension before and after a disaster. J Hypertens 2019; 36:924-932. [PMID: 29227375 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors increased in victims. We examined the trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension before and after the disaster, as well as the impact of evacuation. METHODS Study participants were approximately 10 000 men and 12 000 women aged 40-74 years in each year from 2008 to 2014. All of the participants had lived in radiation evacuation zones prior to the Fukushima nuclear crisis. The age-standardized prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using the direct method. In a comparison of evacuees with nonevacuees, the proportion ratios and 95% confidence intervals for hypertension, treatment, and control were calculated by Poisson regression with robust error variance adjusted for covariates in each year after the disaster. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension peaked in 2012 at 48.8% in men and 39.0% in women. By 2014, the treatment and control of hypertension had increased to 66.3 and 67.1% in men, and 70.6 and 68.1% in women, respectively. The multiadjusted proportion ratios for the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension in any given year were 1.02-1.03, 0.99-1.05, and 0.93-1.06 in men, and 0.96-1.00, 0.99-1.05, and 1.06-1.11 in women, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension peaked 1 year after the disaster, while the treatment and control of hypertension increased thereafter. These results indicate that evacuation had little to no impact on the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension in the population of Fukushima Prefecture.
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Sarmiento MRA, de Paula TO, Borges FM, Ferreira-Machado AB, Resende JA, Moreira APB, Dutra Luquetti SCP, Cesar DE, da Silva VL, Diniz CG. Obesity, Xenobiotic Intake and Antimicrobial-Resistance Genes in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: A Comparative Study of Eutrophic, Overweight and Obese Individuals. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050349. [PMID: 31067837 PMCID: PMC6562451 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lifestyle and physiology in obese individuals are accepted to lead to changes in the intestinal microbiota, uncertainty remains about microbiota dysbiosis, and xenobiotics intake, as a source of selective pressure, independent of antimicrobial chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genetic markers (ARG) in faecal specimens of eutrophic, overweight and obese individuals, and their correlation with xenobiotic intake and gut bacteria density. Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-controlled study including 72 adult participants with no record of intestinal or systemic diseases, or recent use of antimicrobials, grouped as eutrophic, overweight, or obese. Anthropometric profile, eating habits and oral xenobiotics intake were recorded. Faecal metagenomic DNA was used to screen for ARG by PCR, and to measure bacterial groups by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Student’s t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare means and differences in ARG detection (95% confidence intervals). Correlation analyses (odds ratio) and relationships between bacteria density and ARG were determined. Results: Increase in abdominal circumference, waist circumference, hip, waist-hip ratio, BMI, carbohydrate, fibres, and total calorie intakes were different from eutrophic to obese participants. Habitual use of antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs, antacids, and artificial sweeteners were associated mainly with obesity and overweight. Nutritional supplements were associated to the eutrophic group. ARG screening showed differences being more frequent among obese, and positive for 27 genetic markers related to β-lactams, tetracyclines, the macrolide lincosamide and streptogramin group, quinolones, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and efflux pump. Positive correlation between ARG and BMI, caloric intake, and intake of xenobiotics, was observed for obese individuals. Relationships among ARG detection and bacteria densities were also different. Conclusions: This study reinforces the hypothesis that obese individuals may harbour an altered gut microbiota, if compared to eutrophic. The overweight individuals display a transitional gut microbiota which seems to be between eutrophic and obese. Furthermore, the increased xenobiotic intake associated to obesity may play an important role in the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Raquel Anariba Sarmiento
- Laboratory of Bacterial Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thais Oliveira de Paula
- Laboratory of Bacterial Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Francis Moreira Borges
- Laboratory of Bacterial Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Barbosa Ferreira-Machado
- Laboratory of Bacterial Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Resende
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espirito Santo, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brasil.
| | - Ana Paula Boroni Moreira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Vânia Lúcia da Silva
- Laboratory of Bacterial Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Galuppo Diniz
- Laboratory of Bacterial Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Ortega-Loubon C, Fernández-Molina M, Singh G, Correa R. Obesity and its cardiovascular effects. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3135. [PMID: 30715772 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is described in terms of body fat percentage or body mass index (BMI), despite the fact that these measures do not give full insight about the body fat distribution. It is presently a consistently growing universal challenge since it has tripled in the last 10 years, killing approximately 28 million people each year. In this review, we aim to clarify the different results of obesity on the working and physiology of the cardiovascular system and to reveal changes in the obesity "paradox"-a variety of cardiovascular outcomes in typical/overweight people. Central fat build-up in ordinary/overweight populaces has been related to expanded occurrences of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or all-cause mortality when contrasted with the obese populace. These discoveries are additionally clarified as the abundance and prolonged vulnerability to free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity. This has been believed to cause the myocardial substrate to move from glucose to FFAs digestion, which causes lipid gathering in cardiomyocytes, spilling over to other lean tissues, and prompting a general atherogenic impact. This cardiomyocyte lipid aggregation has been demonstrated to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular hypertrophy, and to lessen the heart functions in general. There is a proof backing the fact that fat tissue is not only an energy reservoir, it also coordinates hormones and proinflammatory cytokines and deals with the energy transition of the body by putting away abundant lipids in diverse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ortega-Loubon
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gauri Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ricardo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
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Fowokan A, Punthakee Z, Waddell C, Rosin M, Morrison KM, Gupta M, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Lear S. Multifactorial correlates of blood pressure in South Asian children in Canada: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027844. [PMID: 30962241 PMCID: PMC6500289 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to explore various correlates of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, and to identify the most important aggregate combination of correlates for BP in South Asian children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study SETTING: Community-based recruitment in two Canadian cities PARTICIPANTS: South Asian children (n=762) provided a range of physiological, lifestyle and social variables. BP was assessed using an automated device. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and BP were transformed to z-scores using published standards. OUTCOME MEASURES Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between the range of variables with BP z-scores and hypertension while stepwise regression was used to identify aggregate factors that provided explanatory capacity for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) z-scores. RESULTS A range of variables were associated with BP z-score and hypertension in unadjusted analysis. On adjustment for confounders, the association between age (β=-0.054, 95% CI=-0.078 to 0.029), female sex (β=-0.208, 95% CI=-0.350 to -0.067), height (β=0.022, 95% CI=0.011 to 0.033), weight (β=0.047, 95% CI=0.040 to 0.055), BMI z-score (β=0.292, 95% CI=0.249 to 0.336), WC z-score (β=0.273, 95% CI=0.219 to 0.326), WHtR z-score (β=0.289, 95% CI=0.236 to 0.342), heart rate (β=0.016, 95% CI=0.010 to 0.022), child's perception of body image (β=0.183, 95% CI=0.128 to 0.239) and grip strength (β=0.025, 95% CI=0.007 to 0.043) with SBP z-score remained. In stepwise regression, age, sex, BMI z-score, heart rate and weight accounted for 30% of the variance of SBP z-score, while age, BMI z-score, heart rate and daily fast food intake accounted for 23% of the DBP z-score variance. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that variables, such as age, sex, height, adiposity and heart rate, provide stronger explanatory capacity to BP variance and hypertension risk than other variables in South Asian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleke Fowokan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte Waddell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miriam Rosin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Milan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Callo Quinte G, Barros F, Gigante DP, de Oliveira IO, dos Santos Motta JV, Horta BL. Overweight trajectory and cardio metabolic risk factors in young adults. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 30857546 PMCID: PMC6410517 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the conditions that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies about obesity trajectory and cardio metabolic outcomes at adulthood are still scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between patterns of overweight over the life-course and cardio metabolic risk factors in young adults. METHODS In 1982, the maternity hospitals in Pelotas were visited daily and those newborns whose family lived in the urban area of the city were identified (n = 5914), and have prospectively followed for several occasions. Weight and height were measured at every visit. BMI-for-age z-score was calculated using the WHO Child Growth Standards. Overweight and obesity were defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2 respectively. This was the definition adopted for evaluations overweight and obesity at 30 years. The participants were divided into eight groups according to the presence of overweight or obesity in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Blood pressure, random blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol triglycerides and fat mass were measured. RESULTS From 2219 participants with anthropometric data in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, 25% never had been overweight, whereas 11.6% were overweight in the three periods. Random blood glucose, SBP and DBP were higher among those subjects who were always overweight/ obese or only overweight/obese during adolescence and adulthood. The participants who were never overweight/obese or only in childhood or adolescence had a lower cardiovascular risk profile (higher HDL cholesterol, lower blood pressure, lower random glucose, lower LDL cholesterol) at 30 years. Fat mass captured from 25 to 100% of the association of overweight and obesity trajectory with cardiometabolic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The tracking of overweight/obesity is associated with an adverse cardio metabolic profile and this association is largely mediated by fat mass in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Callo Quinte
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Caixa postal 354, Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS 96020-220 Brazil
| | - Fernando Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Caixa postal 354, Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS 96020-220 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Denise Petrucci Gigante
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Caixa postal 354, Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS 96020-220 Brazil
| | - Isabel Oliveira de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Caixa postal 354, Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS 96020-220 Brazil
| | - Janaína Vieira dos Santos Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Caixa postal 354, Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS 96020-220 Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Caixa postal 354, Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS 96020-220 Brazil
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Assessment of the validity of multiple obesity indices compared with obesity-related co-morbidities. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:1241-1249. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to compare selected obesity indicators with comprehensive health status.DesignThe study employed a pooled cross-sectional design.SettingBMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage were considered as indirect obesity indicators. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) was used as a composite indicator to comprehensively reflect obesity-related co-morbidities. Cohen’s κ coefficient was used to evaluate inter-measurement agreement for obesity. Conformity of indirect obesity indicators to the EOSS was assessed based on percentage agreement (proportion classified as obese and severely unhealthy as a result of obesity among the total sample), sensitivity (proportion classified as obese among individuals severely unhealthy as a result of obesity) and specificity (proportion classified as non-obese among fairly healthy individuals). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the sociodemographic factors most strongly associated with conformity.ParticipantsThe study included 17338 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey conducted between July 2008 and May 2011.ResultsLevel of conformity to the EOSS was highest for WHtR (60·77 %) and lowest for BMI (35·96 %). WHtR and BMI had the highest sensitivity (53·7 %) and specificity (98·4 %), respectively. Predictability of conformity was lower among men for all indirect obesity indicators.ConclusionsWHtR has the greatest potential to identify individuals at risk of health problems due to obesity. Individual demographic factors must be considered in selecting the most appropriate obesity measurement.
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Understanding Human Physiological Limitations and Societal Pressures in Favor of Overeating Helps to Avoid Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020227. [PMID: 30678194 PMCID: PMC6412691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat gain in our United States (US) environment of over-abundant, convenient, and palatable food is associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and increased mortality. Fuller understanding of physiological and environmental challenges to healthy weight maintenance could help prevent these morbidities. Human physiological limitations that permit development of obesity include a predilection to overeat palatable diets, inability to directly detect energy eaten or expended, a large capacity for fat storage, and the difficulty of losing body fat. Innate defenses resisting fat loss include reduced resting metabolism, increased hunger, and high insulin sensitivity, promoting a regain of fat, glycogen, and lean mass. Environmental challenges include readily available and heavily advertised palatable foods, policies and practices that make them abundant, less-than-ideal recommendations regarding national dietary macronutrient intake, and a frequently sedentary lifestyle. After gaining excess fat, some metabolic burdens can be mitigated though thoughtful selection of nutrients. Reduced dietary salt helps lower hypertension, less dietary sugar lowers risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity, and reducing proportion of dietary carbohydrates lowers post-meal insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Food intake and exercise should also be considered thoughtfully, as exercise in a fasted state and before the meals raises glucose intolerance, while exercising shortly after eating lowers it. In summary, we cannot directly detect energy eaten or expended, we have a genetic predisposition to eat palatable diets even when not hungry, and we have a large capacity for fat storage and a difficult time permanently losing excess fat. Understanding this empowers individuals to avoid overeating and helps them avoid obesity.
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Shah H, Altaf A, Salahuddin M, Ullah Jan M, Khan A. Cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension, smoking and obesity: Emerging concerns among Pathan and Persian young adults? Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:129. [PMID: 30815424 PMCID: PMC6387808 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension was considered as a disease of the elderly but due to unhealthy dietary and lifestyle changes its incidence has increased in younger population. Smoking and obesity are emerging concerns the world is facing globally in younger age groups. This study is therefore aimed to identify these cardiovascular risk factors among Pathan and Persian young adults. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at multiple undergraduate, postgraduate educational institutes and hospitals using non-probability convenient sampling among young adults aged between 15 to 40 years for a period of six months from Apr 1st, 2017 to Sep 30th, 2017. Mean±SD was calculated for continuous variables and categorical variables were expressed as frequencies. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 708 subjects were included. Mean±SD age was 26.12±3.7 years. Out of 708, 300(42.37%) were smokers with 209 (29.52%) active and 91 (12.85%) passive smokers. Among smokers, 216 (30.5%) were males while 84 (11.87%) were females. A total of 432 (61.02%) subjects were not doing any exercise, and 636 (89.83%) were consuming junk food. A total of 165 (23.3%) subjects were overweight, and 15 (2.1%) were obese. Stage-1 hypertension was present in 72 (10.2%), while 16 (2.25%) subjects had stage-2 hypertension. Conclusion: There is an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors which includes hypertension, smoking, and obesity among Pathan and Persian young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Shah
- Cardiology Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Afrasyab Altaf
- Cardiology Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Momin Salahuddin
- Cardiology Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Ullah Jan
- Medicine Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Paediatric Department, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Tahmasebi S, Nikniaz L, Mahdavi R. Predictive performance of obesity indexes for the risk of high blood pressure in an adult population. NUTR CLIN METAB 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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S. Serafi A, Azmat A, Ahmed M, Bafail M, Hussain Z. In vivo Pharmacodynamics Studies of Acacia tortilis Found in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on Cardiovascular System of Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.1066.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Finicelli M, Squillaro T, Di Cristo F, Di Salle A, Melone MAB, Galderisi U, Peluso G. Metabolic syndrome, Mediterranean diet, and polyphenols: Evidence and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5807-5826. [PMID: 30317573 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors that includes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity. The clinical significance of MetS consists of identifying a subgroup of patients sharing a common physiopathological state predisposing to chronic diseases. Clinical and scientific studies pinpoint lifestyle modification as an effective strategy aiming to reduce several features accountable for the risk of MetS onset. Among the healthy dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) emerges in terms of beneficial properties associated with longevity. Current evidence highlights the protective effect exerted by MedDiet on the different components of MetS. Interestingly, the effect exerted by polyphenols contained within the representative MedDiet components (i.e., olive oil, red wine, and nuts) seems to be accountable for the beneficial properties associated to this dietary pattern. In this review, we aim to summarize the principal evidence regarding the effectiveness of MedDiet-polyphenols in preventing or delaying the physiopathological components accountable for MetS onset. These findings may provide useful insights concerning the health properties of MedDiet-polyphenols as well as the novel targets destined to a tailored approach to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Salle
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
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