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Wang B, Hu Z, Cui L, Zhao M, Su Z, Jiang Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Yang X, Zhang C, Guo B, Li D, Zhao L, Zheng S, Zhao Y, Yang W, Wang D, Yu S, Zhu S, Yan Y, Yuan G, Li K, Zhang W, Qin L, Zhang W, Sun F, Luo J, Zheng R. βAR-mTOR-lipin1 pathway mediates PKA-RIIβ deficiency-induced adipose browning. Theranostics 2024; 14:5316-5335. [PMID: 39267778 PMCID: PMC11388065 DOI: 10.7150/thno.97046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Enhancing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning combats obesity. The RIIβ subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is primarily expressed in the brain and adipose tissue. Deletion of the hypothalamic RIIβ gene centrally induces WAT browning, yet the peripheral mechanisms mediating this process remain unexplored. Methods: This study investigates the mechanisms underlying WAT browning in RIIβ-KO mice. Genetic approaches such as β3-adrenergic receptors (β3ARs) deletion and sympathetic denervation of WAT were utilized. Genome-wide transcriptomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were employed to identify potential mediators of WAT browning. siRNA assays were employed to knock down mTOR and lipin1 in vitro, while AAV-shRNAs were used for the same purpose in vivo. Results: We found that WAT browning substantially contributes to the lean and obesity-resistant phenotypes of RIIβ-KO mice. The WAT browning can be dampened by β3ARs deletion or WAT sympathetic denervation. We identified that adipocytic mTOR and lipin1 may act as mediators of the WAT browning. Inhibition of mTOR or lipin1 abrogates WAT browning and hinders the lean phenotype of RIIβ-KO mice. In human subcutaneous white adipocytes and mouse white adipocytes, β3AR stimulation can activate mTOR and causes lipin1 nuclear translocation; knockdown of mTOR and Lipin1 mitigates WAT browning-associated gene expression, impedes mitochondrial activity. Moreover, mTOR knockdown reduces lipin1 level and nuclear translocation, indicating that lipin1 may act downstream of mTOR. Additionally, in vivo knockdown of mTOR and Lipin1 diminished WAT browning and increased adiposity. Conclusions: The β3AR-activated mTOR-lipin1 axis mediates WAT browning, offering new insights into the molecular basis of PKA-regulated WAT browning. These findings provide potential adipose target candidates for the development of drugs to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Present address: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Long Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Su
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Daotong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengmin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiguo Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shigong Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Geheng Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kailong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, China
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Segura-Roman A, Citron YR, Shin M, Sindoni N, Maya-Romero A, Rapp S, Goul C, Mancias JD, Zoncu R. Autophagosomes coordinate an AKAP11-dependent regulatory checkpoint that shapes neuronal PKA signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606738. [PMID: 39211170 PMCID: PMC11361107 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein Kinase A (PKA) is regulated spatially and temporally via scaffolding of its catalytic (Cα/β) and regulatory (RI/RII) subunits by the A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAP). PKA engages in poorly understood interactions with autophagy, a key degradation pathway for neuronal cell homeostasis, partly via its AKAP11 scaffold. Mutations in AKAP11 drive schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (SZ-BP) through unknown mechanisms. Through proteomic-based analysis of immunopurified lysosomes, we identify the Cα-RIα-AKAP11 holocomplex as a prominent autophagy-associated protein kinase complex. AKAP11 scaffolds Cα-RIα to the autophagic machinery via its LC3-interacting region (LIR), enabling both PKA regulation by upstream signals, and its autophagy-dependent degradation. We identify Ser83 on the RIα linker-hinge region as an AKAP11-dependent phospho-residue that modulates RIα-Cα binding and cAMP-induced PKA activation. Decoupling AKAP11-PKA from autophagy alters Ser83 phosphorylation, supporting an autophagy-dependent checkpoint for PKA signaling. Ablating AKAP11 in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons reveals dysregulation of multiple pathways for neuronal homeostasis. Thus, the autophagosome is a novel platform that modulate PKA signaling, providing a possible mechanistic link to SZ/BP pathophysiology.
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Sun JL, Kim YJ, Cho W, Park SS, Abd El-Aty AM, Mobarak EH, Jung TW, Jeong JH. The Extract of Humulus japonicus Inhibits Lipogenesis and Promotes Lipolysis via PKA/p38 Signaling. Obes Facts 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39102791 DOI: 10.1159/000540699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown that an aqueous extract of Humulus japonicus (EH) can ameliorate hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and oxidative stress in adipocytes by activating the thermogenic pathway. However, the effects of an ethanol (30%) extract of EH on obesity are unknown. METHODS Various protein expression levels in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were assessed by Western blotting. Lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was examined by oil red O staining. The MTT assay was used to evaluate adipocyte viability. Caspase 3 activity and glycerol release were determined using commercial assay kits. RESULTS In this study, we discovered that EH treatment inhibited lipogenesis and promoted lipolysis in both differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. EH treatment also increased phosphorylated protein kinase A (PKA) levels while reducing p38 phosphorylation. When H89, a PKA inhibitor, was used, the effects of EH on lipogenic lipid accumulation and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were eliminated. Treatment with luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucoside (LU), the major active compound in EH, also suppressed lipid deposition and p38 phosphorylation but enhanced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These changes were abrogated by H89. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that EH containing LU reduces lipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis via the PKA/p38 signaling pathway, leading to an improvement in obesity in mice. Therefore, our study suggested that EH could be a promising therapeutic agent for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw Long Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enas H Mobarak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zimmermann A, Madeo F, Diwan A, Sadoshima J, Sedej S, Kroemer G, Abdellatif M. Metabolic control of mitophagy. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14138. [PMID: 38041247 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major hallmark of ageing and related chronic disorders. Controlled removal of damaged mitochondria by the autophagic machinery, a process known as mitophagy, is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival. The central role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism places mitochondrial removal at the interface of key metabolic pathways affecting the biosynthesis or catabolism of acetyl-coenzyme A, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, polyamines, as well as fatty acids and amino acids. Molecular switches that integrate the metabolic status of the cell, like AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A, mechanistic target of rapamycin and sirtuins, have also emerged as important regulators of mitophagy. In this review, we discuss how metabolic regulation intersects with mitophagy. We place special emphasis on the metabolic regulatory circuits that may be therapeutically targeted to delay ageing and mitochondria-associated chronic diseases. Moreover, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps, such as the ill-defined distinction between basal and damage-induced mitophagy, which must be resolved to boost progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, and John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Wit M, Belykh A, Sumara G. Protein kinase D (PKD) on the crossroad of lipid absorption, synthesis and utilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119653. [PMID: 38104800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate lipid levels in the blood, as well as its content and composition in different organs, underlie multiple metabolic disorders including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Multiple processes contribute to the complex metabolism of triglycerides (TGs), fatty acids (FAs), and other lipid species. These consist of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids, de novo FAs synthesis (lipogenesis), uptake of TGs and FAs by peripheral tissues, TGs storage in the intracellular depots as well as lipid utilization for β-oxidation and their conversion to lipid-derivatives. A majority of the enzymatic reactions linked to lipogenesis, TGs synthesis, lipid absorption, and transport are happening at the endoplasmic reticulum, while β-oxidation takes place in mitochondria and peroxisomes. The Golgi apparatus is a central sorting, protein- and lipid-modifying organelle and hence is involved in lipid metabolism as well. However, the impact of the processes taking part in the Golgi apparatus are often overseen. The protein kinase D (PKD) family (composed of three members, PKD1, 2, and 3) is the master regulator of Golgi dynamics. PKDs are also a sensor of different lipid species in distinct cellular compartments. In this review, we discuss the roles of PKD family members in the regulation of lipid metabolism including the processes executed by PKDs at the Golgi apparatus. We also discuss the role of PKDs-dependent signaling in different cellular compartments and organs in the context of the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrei Belykh
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
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Lv M, Mu J, Xing Y, Zhou X, Ge J, Gong D, Geng T, Zhao M. Glucose inhibits the inflammatory response in goose fatty liver by increasing the ubiquitination level of PKA. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae239. [PMID: 39158360 PMCID: PMC11375046 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) plays an important role in cellular life activities. Recently, PKA was found to bind to the inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (IκB), a key protein in the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, to form a complex involved in the regulation of inflammatory response. However, the role of PKA in the anti-inflammatory of goose fatty liver is still unclear. A total of 14 healthy 70-d-old male Lander geese were randomly divided into a control group and an overfeeding group. Inflammation level was analyzed by histopathological method in the liver. The mRNA and protein abundance of PKA and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), as well as the ubiquitination level of PKA, were detected. Moreover, goose primary hepatocytes were cotreated with glucose, harringtonine, and carbobenzoxy-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-leucinal (MG132). Finally, the co-immunoprecipitated samples of PKA from the control and overfeeding group were used for protein mass spectrometry. The results showed that no difference in PKA mRNA expression was observed (P > 0.05), while the PKA protein level in the overfed group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when compared with the control group. The ubiquitination level of PKA was higher than that of the control group in fatty liver. The mRNA expression of PKA was elevated but protein abundance was reduced in goose primary hepatocytes with 200 mmol/L glucose treatment (P < 0.05). The PKA protein abundance was dramatically reduced in hepatocytes treated with harringtonine (P < 0.01) when compared with the glucose-supplemented group. Nevertheless, MG132 tended to alleviate the inhibitory effect of harringtonine on PKA protein abundance (P = 0.081). There was no significant difference in TNFα protein level among glucose-treated groups and control (P > 0.05). Protein mass spectrometry analysis showed that 29 and 76 interacting proteins of PKA were screened in goose normal and fatty liver, respectively. Validation showed that PKA interacted with the E3 ubiquitination ligases ring finger protein 135 (RNF135) and potassium channel modulatory factor 1 (KCMF1). In summary, glucose may inhibit the inflammatory response in goose fatty liver by increasing the ubiquitination level of PKA. Additionally, RNF135 and KCMF1 may be involved in the regulation of PKA ubiquitination level as E3 ubiquitination ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Ji'an Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Ya Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Jing Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Daoqing Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
| | - Minmeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, China
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Fitzpatrick M, Solberg Woods LC. Adenylate cyclase 3: a potential genetic link between obesity and major depressive disorder. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:1-8. [PMID: 37955134 PMCID: PMC11281808 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00056.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both significant health issues that have been increasing in prevalence and are associated with multiple comorbidities. Obesity and MDD have been shown to be bidirectionally associated, and they are both influenced by genetics and environmental factors. However, the molecular mechanisms that link these two diseases are not yet fully understood. It is possible that these diseases are connected through the actions of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Within this pathway, adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) has emerged as a key player in both obesity and MDD. Numerous genetic variants in Adcy3 have been identified in humans in association with obesity. Rodent knockout studies have also validated the importance of this gene for energy homeostasis. Furthermore, Adcy3 has been identified as a top candidate gene and even a potential blood biomarker for MDD. Adcy3 and the cAMP/PKA pathway may therefore serve as an important genetic and functional link between these two diseases. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of both Adcy3 and the cAMP/PKA pathway, including specific genetic mutations, in both diseases. Understanding the role that Adcy3 mutations play in obesity and MDD could open the door for precision medicine approaches and treatments for both diseases that target this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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Belykh A, Hawro I, Kolczyńska-Matysiak K, Loza-Valdes A, Mieczkowski A, Sumara G. Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amines based ERK3 inhibitors fail to demonstrate selective effects on adipocyte function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109825. [PMID: 37992885 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3 also designated MAPK6 - mitogen-activated protein kinase 6) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase participating in the regulation of a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. Targeted inhibition of the kinase may allow the development of novel treatment strategies for a variety of types of cancer and somatic pathologies, as well as preserving metabolic health, combat obesity and diabetes. We chose and synthesized three triazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amines proposed previously as putative ERK3 inhibitors to assess their selectivity and biological effects in terms of metabolic state impact in living cells. As it was previously shown that ERK3 is a major regulator of lipolysis in adipocytes, we focused on this process. Our new results indicate that in addition to the previously identified lipolytic enzyme ATGL, ERK3 also regulates hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL). Moreover, this kinase also promotes the abundance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) as well as protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PKACα). To investigate various effects of putative ERK3 inhibitors on lipolysis, we utilized different adipocyte models. We demonstrated that molecules exhibit lipolysis-modulating effects; however, the effects of triazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amines based inhibitors on lipolysis are not dependent on ERK3. Subsequently, we revealed a wide range of the compounds' possible targets using a machine learning-based prediction. Therefore, the tested compounds inhibit ERK3 in vitro, but the biological effect of this inhibition is significantly overlapped and modified by some other molecular events related to the non-selective binding to other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Belykh
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Hawro
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Angel Loza-Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5a Pawinskiego, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Yu HC, Jeon YG, Na AY, Han CY, Lee MR, Yang JD, Yu HC, Son JB, Kim ND, Kim JB, Lee S, Bae EJ, Park BH. p21-activated kinase 4 counteracts PKA-dependent lipolysis by phosphorylating FABP4 and HSL. Nat Metab 2024; 6:94-112. [PMID: 38216738 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue lipolysis is mediated by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent intracellular signalling. Here, we show that PKA targets p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), leading to its protein degradation. Adipose tissue-specific overexpression of PAK4 in mice attenuates lipolysis and exacerbates diet-induced obesity. Conversely, adipose tissue-specific knockout of Pak4 or the administration of a PAK4 inhibitor in mice ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance while enhancing lipolysis. Pak4 knockout also increases energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning activity. Mechanistically, PAK4 directly phosphorylates fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) at T126 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at S565, impairing their interaction and thereby inhibiting lipolysis. Levels of PAK4 and the phosphorylation of FABP4-T126 and HSL-S565 are enhanced in the visceral fat of individuals with obesity compared to their lean counterparts. In summary, we have uncovered an important role for FABP4 phosphorylation in regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, and PAK4 inhibition may offer a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Chan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Mi Rin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae Bum Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
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Rahmati S, Mohammadi B, Karimi-Mehr Z, Broom DR. Effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin-2 gene expression and Nesfatin-1 concentration: A rapid review. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1016-1030. [PMID: 37909689 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this rapid review is to examine the research evidence that presents the effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) gene expression and Nesfatin-1 concentration. Five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies from the earliest available date to August 2023. In human studies, Nesfatin-1 concentration either remains unchanged or increases after exercise training. It appears that higher exercise intensity and longer duration of training accentuate the increase of blood Nesfatin-1 concentration. The few human studies that have examined the acute response of exercise on Nesfatin-1 concentration from blood draws show conflicting results. There is a severe lack of biopsy studies in humans which warrants attention. All published animal studies have used the mouse model. The majority show that regular exercise training increases tissue NUCB2/Nesfatin-1. In some animal studies, where the effects of exercise on tissue Nesfatin-1 concentration has been seen as significant, there has been no significant effect of exercise on plasma Nesfatin-1 concentration. All animal studies evaluated the effect of endurance training except one which used resistance training. No animal studies have investigated the effects of acute exercise, which warrants investigation. In conclusion, human and animal studies have shown that physical training can increase NUCB2/Nesfatin-1, but research evidence examining the effect of acute exercise is in its infancy. In addition, future comparative studies are needed to compare the effects of different training protocols on NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimi-Mehr
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Robert Broom
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Bloyd M, Sinaii N, Faucz FR, Iben J, Coon SL, Caprio S, Santoro N, Stratakis CA, London E. High-frequency variants in PKA signaling-related genes within a large pediatric cohort with obesity or metabolic abnormalities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1272939. [PMID: 38027204 PMCID: PMC10679389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1272939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pediatric obesity has steadily increased in recent decades. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted primarily in Eurocentric adult populations have identified approximately 100 loci that predispose to obesity and type II diabetes. GWAS in children and individuals of non-European descent, both disproportionately affected by obesity, are fewer. Rare syndromic and monogenic obesities account for only a small portion of childhood obesity, so understanding the role of other genetic variants and their combinations in heritable obesities is key to developing targeted and personalized therapies. Tight and responsive regulation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling pathway is crucial to maintaining healthy energy metabolism, and mutations in PKA-linked genes represent the most common cause of monogenic obesity. Methods For this study, we performed targeted exome sequencing of 53 PKA signaling-related genes to identify variants in genomic DNA from a large, ethnically diverse cohort of obese or metabolically challenged youth. Results We confirmed 49 high-frequency variants, including a novel variant in the PDE11A gene (c.152C>T). Several other variants were associated with metabolic characteristics within ethnic groups. Discussion We conclude that a PKA pathway-specific variant search led to the identification of several new genetic associations with obesity in an ethnically diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bloyd
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ninet Sinaii
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fabio Rueda Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steven L. Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Section on Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Section on Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, “V. Tiberio” University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Human Genetics and Precision Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, ELPEN Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Cicciarello D, Scionti I. [The unexpected role of lipid droplets in the regulation of muscle stem cells fate]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39 Hors série n° 1:28-31. [PMID: 37975767 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are skeletal muscle resident stem cells responsible of skeletal muscle regeneration and tissue integrity maintenance. It is now becoming prominent that the ability of MuSCs either to self-renew or differentiate is affected by cellular metabolism. Recently, a study elucidated that lipid droplets (LDs) are novel key regulators of MuSC fate. Indeed, LDs distribute differently depending on MuSC state during the regeneration process, as LDLow MuSCs are more proned to self-renew while LDHigh MuSCs commit to differentiation. Therefore, these findings highlight that the LD turnover is necessary for MuSC fate decision, opening the question of the molecular mechanism underlying lipid metabolism regulation of MuSC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Cicciarello
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Lyon, France
| | - Isabella Scionti
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (PGNM), Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Lyon, France
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13
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Haddish K, Yun JW. Echinacoside Induces UCP1- and ATP-Dependent Thermogenesis in Beige Adipocytes via the Activation of Dopaminergic Receptors. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1268-1280. [PMID: 37463854 PMCID: PMC10619551 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is a naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycoside, isolated from Echinacea angustifolia, and this study aimed to analyze its effect on thermogenesis and its interaction with dopaminergic receptors 1 and 5 (DRD1 and DRD5) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and mice models. We employed RT-PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, a staining method, and an assay kit to determine its impact. ECH showed a substantial increase in browning signals in vitro and a decrease in adipogenic signals in vivo. Additionally, analysis of the iWAT showed that the key genes involved in beiging, mitochondrial biogenesis, and ATP-dependent thermogenesis were upregulated while adipogenesis and lipogenesis genes were downregulated. OXPHOS complexes, Ca2+ signaling proteins as well as intracellular Ca2+ levels were also upregulated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes following ECH treatment. This was collectively explained by mechanistic studies which showed that ECH mediated the beiging process via the DRD1/5-cAMP-PKA and subsequent downstream molecules, whereas it co-mediated the α1-AR-signaling thermogenesis via the DRD1/5/SERCA2b/RyR2/CKmt pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Animal experiments revealed that there was a 12.28% reduction in body weight gain after the ECH treatment for six weeks. The effects of ECH treatment on adipose tissue can offer more insights into the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiros Haddish
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
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14
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Hong E, Kang H, Yang G, Oh S, Kim E. The PKA-SREBP1c Pathway Plays a Key Role in the Protective Effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii JNU3402 Against Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200496. [PMID: 37650271 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The present study aims to assess the protective effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii JNU3402 (LJ3402) against diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and determine the mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on the liver in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-week-old male mice are fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without oral supplementation of LJ3402 for 14 weeks. In mice fed an HFD, LJ3402 administration alleviates liver steatosis, diet-induced obesity, and insulin resistance with a decreased hepatic expression of sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and an increased phosphorylation of SREBP-1c. The mechanistic study shows that LJ3402 inhibits SREBP-1c transcriptional activity by enhancing protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation and reduces the expression of its lipogenic target genes in AML12 and HepG2 cells, thereby attenuating hepatic lipid accumulation. Moreover, silencing the PKA α catalytic subunit or the inhibition of PKA activity by H89 abolishes LJ3402 suppression of free fatty acid (FFA)-induced SREBP-1c activity in hepatocytes. In addition, LJ3402 administration elevates the plasma lactate levels in mice fed an HFD; this lactate increases PKA-mediated SREBP-1c phosphorylation in AML12 cells with a decreased expression of its target genes, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation. CONCLUSION LJ3402 attenuates HFD-induced fatty liver in mice through the lactate-PKA-SREBP-1c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuno Kang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Division of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungseok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
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15
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Si J, Meir AY, Hong X, Wang G, Huang W, Pearson C, Adams WG, Wang X, Liang L. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, offspring epigenome-wide DNA methylation, and childhood obesity: findings from the Boston Birth Cohort. BMC Med 2023; 21:317. [PMID: 37612641 PMCID: PMC10463574 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is an established risk factor for childhood obesity. Investigating epigenetic alterations induced by maternal obesity during fetal development could gain mechanistic insight into the developmental origins of childhood obesity. While obesity disproportionately affects underrepresented racial and ethnic mothers and children in the USA, few studies investigated the role of prenatal epigenetic programming in intergenerational obesity of these high-risk populations. METHODS This study included 903 mother-child pairs from the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income minority birth cohort. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled at birth and the children were followed prospectively to age 18 years. Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip was used to measure epigenome-wide methylation level of cord blood. We performed an epigenome-wide association study of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and cord blood DNA methylation (DNAm). To quantify the degree to which cord blood DNAm mediates the maternal BMI-childhood obesity, we further investigated whether maternal BMI-associated DNAm sites impact birthweight or childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) from age 1 to age 18 and performed corresponding mediation analyses. RESULTS The study sample contained 52.8% maternal pre-pregnancy OWO and 63.2% offspring OWO at age 1-18 years. Maternal BMI was associated with cord blood DNAm at 8 CpG sites (genome-wide false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). After accounting for the possible interplay of maternal BMI and smoking, 481 CpG sites were discovered for association with maternal BMI. Among them 123 CpGs were associated with childhood OWO, ranging from 42% decrease to 87% increase in OWO risk for each SD increase in DNAm. A total of 14 identified CpG sites showed a significant mediation effect on the maternal BMI-child OWO association (FDR < 0.05), with mediating proportion ranging from 3.99% to 25.21%. Several of these 14 CpGs were mapped to genes in association with energy balance and metabolism (AKAP7) and adulthood metabolic syndrome (CAMK2B). CONCLUSIONS This prospective birth cohort study in a high-risk yet understudied US population found that maternal pre-pregnancy OWO significantly altered DNAm in newborn cord blood and provided suggestive evidence of epigenetic involvement in the intergenerational risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Si
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center On the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center On the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wanyu Huang
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William G Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center On the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Liming Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Li Y, Yang H, Guo J, Yang Y, Yu Q, Guo Y, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zuo P. Uncovering the candidate genes related to sheep body weight using multi-trait genome-wide association analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1206383. [PMID: 37662987 PMCID: PMC10469697 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1206383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In sheep, body weight is an economically important trait. This study sought to map genetic loci related to weaning weight and yearling weight. To this end, a single-trait and multi-trait genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a high-density 600 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. The results showed that 43 and 56 SNPs were significantly associated with weaning weight and yearling weight, respectively. A region associated with both weaning and yearling traits (OARX: 6.74-7.04 Mb) was identified, suggesting that the same genes could play a role in regulating both these traits. This region was found to contain three genes (TBL1X, SHROOM2 and GPR143). The most significant SNP was Affx-281066395, located at 6.94 Mb (p = 1.70 × 10-17), corresponding to the SHROOM2 gene. We also identified 93 novel SNPs elated to sheep weight using multi-trait GWAS analysis. A new genomic region (OAR10: 76.04-77.23 Mb) with 22 significant SNPs were discovered. Combining transcriptomic data from multiple tissues and genomic data in sheep, we found the HINT1, ASB11 and GPR143 genes may involve in sheep body weight. So, multi-omic anlaysis is a valuable strategy identifying candidate genes related to body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University,, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University,, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University,, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Chaoxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University,, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University,, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
| | - Peng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,, Shihezi, China
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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17
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Tomaszewski MR, Meng X, Haley HD, Harrell CM, Mcdonald TP, Miller CO, Smith SM. Magnetic resonance imaging detects white adipose tissue beiging in mice following PDE10A inhibitor treatment. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100408. [PMID: 37393952 PMCID: PMC10405059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight gain is a common harmful side effect of atypical antipsychotics used for schizophrenia treatment. Conversely, treatment with the novel phosphodiesterase-10A (PDE10A) inhibitor MK-8189 in clinical trials led to significant weight reduction, especially in patients with obesity. This study aimed to understand and describe the mechanism underlying this observation, which is essential to guide clinical decisions. We hypothesized that PDE10A inhibition causes beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT), leading to weight loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods were developed, validated, and applied in a diet-induced obesity mouse model treated with a PDE10A inhibitor THPP-6 or vehicle for measurement of fat content and vascularization of adipose tissue. Treated mice showed significantly lower fat fraction in white and brown adipose tissue, and increased perfusion and vascular density in WAT versus vehicle, confirming the hypothesis, and matching the effect of CL-316,243, a compound known to cause adipose tissue beiging. The in vivo findings were validated by qPCR revealing upregulation of Ucp1 and Pcg1-α genes, known markers of WAT beiging, and angiogenesis marker VegfA in the THPP-6 group. This work provides a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of PDE10A inhibitor treatment on adipose tissue and body weight and will be valuable to guide both the use of MK-8189 in schizophrenia and the potential application of the target for weight loss indication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Translational Imaging Department, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Hyking D Haley
- Translational Imaging Department, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Corin O Miller
- Translational Imaging Department, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Sean M Smith
- Neuroscience Department, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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Lymperopoulos A. Clinical pharmacology of cardiac cyclic AMP in human heart failure: too much or too little? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:623-630. [PMID: 37403791 PMCID: PMC10529896 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major signaling hub in cardiac physiology. Although cAMP signaling has been extensively studied in cardiac cells and animal models of heart failure (HF), not much is known about its actual amount present inside human failing or non-failing cardiomyocytes. Since many drugs used in HF work via cAMP, it is crucial to determine the status of its intracellular levels in failing vs. normal human hearts. AREAS COVERED Only studies performed on explanted/excised cardiac tissues from patients were examined. Studies that contained no data from human hearts or no data on cAMP levels per se were excluded from this perspective's analysis. EXPERT OPINION Currently, there is no consensus on the status of cAMP levels in human failing vs. non-failing hearts. Several studies on animal models may suggest maladaptive (e.g. pro-apoptotic) effects of cAMP on HF, advocating for cAMP lowering for therapy, but human studies almost universally indicate that myocardial cAMP levels are deficient in human failing hearts. It is the expert opinion of this perspective that intracellular cAMP levels are too low in human failing hearts, contributing to the disease. Strategies to increase (restore), not decrease, these levels should be pursued in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Nutrients, Physical Activity, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051217. [PMID: 36904216 PMCID: PMC10004804 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some tumors. It includes insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MetS is primarily linked to lipotoxicity, with ectopic fat deposition from fat storage exhaustion, more than obesity per se. Excessive intake of long-chain saturated fatty acid and sugar closely relates to lipotoxicity and MetS through several pathways, including toll-like receptor 4 activation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulation (PPARγ), sphingolipids remodeling, and protein kinase C activation. These mechanisms prompt mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a key role in disrupting the metabolism of fatty acids and proteins and in developing insulin resistance. By contrast, the intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and medium-chain saturated (low-dose) fatty acids, as well as plant-based proteins and whey protein, favors an improvement in sphingolipid composition and metabolic profile. Along with dietary modification, regular exercises including aerobic, resistance, or combined training can target sphingolipid metabolism and improve mitochondrial function and MetS components. This review aimed to summarize the main dietary and biochemical aspects related to the physiopathology of MetS and its implications for mitochondrial machinery while discussing the potential role of diet and exercise in counteracting this complex clustering of metabolic dysfunctions.
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Zhang Y, Huang Q, Xiong X, Yin T, Chen S, Yuan W, Zeng G, Huang Q. Acacetin alleviates energy metabolism disorder through promoting white fat browning mediated by AC-cAMP pathway. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00947-3. [PMID: 36781604 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin (ACA), a flavone isolated from Chinese traditional medical herbs, has numerous pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the roles in white fat browning and energy metabolism. In the present study, we investigated whether and how ACA would improve energy metabolism in vivo and in vitro. ACA (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to the mice with obesity induced by HFD for 14 consecutive days (in vivo); differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with ACA (20 µmol/L and 40 µmol/L) for 24 h (in vitro). The metabolic profile, lipid accumulation, fat-browning and mitochondrial contents, and so on were respectively detected. The results in vivo showed that ACA significantly reduced the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight, alleviated the energy metabolism disorder, and enhanced the browning-related protein expressions in adipose tissue of rats. Besides, the data in vitro revealed that ACA significantly reduced the lipid accumulation, induced the expressions of the browning-related proteins and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and increased the mitochondrium contents, especially enhanced the energy metabolism of adipocytes; however, treatment with beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol, Pro) or adenyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor (SQ22536, SQ) abrogated the ACA-mediated effects. The data demonstrate that ACA alleviates the energy metabolism disorder through the pro-browning effects mediated by the AC-cAMP pathway. The findings would provide the experimental foundation for ACA to prevent and treat obesity and related metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yin
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, 461 Ba-Yi Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Choi SW, Oh H, Park SY, Cho W, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Myokine musclin alleviates lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PKA/p38-mediated upregulation of lipolysis and suppression of lipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:113-117. [PMID: 36566562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Musclin (MUS), an exercise-responsive myokine, has been documented to attenuate inflammation and enhance physical endurance. However, the effects of MUS on differentiation and related molecular mechanisms in adipocytes have not yet been studied. In this study, we found that treatment with MUS attenuated lipid accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, MUS treatment enhanced lipolysis assessed by glycerol release, and caused apoptosis, whereas it reduced the expression of lipogenic proteins, such as PPARγ and processed SREBP1. Treatment with MUS augmented phosphorylated PKA expression, whereas suppressed p38 phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. H89, a selective PKA inhibitor reduced the effects of MUS on lipogenic lipid accumulation as well as lipolysis except for apoptosis. These results suggest that MUS promotes lipolysis and suppresses lipogenesis through a PKA/p38-dependent pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid deposition in cultured adipocytes. The current study offers the potential of MUS as a therapeutic approach for treating obesity with few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey; Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Chan GKL, Maisel S, Hwang YC, Pascual BC, Wolber RRB, Vu P, Patra KC, Bouhaddou M, Kenerson HL, Lim HC, Long D, Yeung RS, Sethupathy P, Swaney DL, Krogan NJ, Turnham RE, Riehle KJ, Scott JD, Bardeesy N, Gordan JD. Oncogenic PKA signaling increases c-MYC protein expression through multiple targetable mechanisms. eLife 2023; 12:e69521. [PMID: 36692000 PMCID: PMC9925115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations that activate protein kinase A (PKA) are found in many tumor types. Yet, their downstream oncogenic signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. We used global phosphoproteomics and kinase activity profiling to map conserved signaling outputs driven by a range of genetic changes that activate PKA in human cancer. Two signaling networks were identified downstream of PKA: RAS/MAPK components and an Aurora Kinase A (AURKA)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) sub-network with activity toward MYC oncoproteins. Findings were validated in two PKA-dependent cancer models: a novel, patient-derived fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) line that expresses a DNAJ-PKAc fusion and a PKA-addicted melanoma model with a mutant type I PKA regulatory subunit. We identify PKA signals that can influence both de novo translation and stability of the proto-oncogene c-MYC. However, the primary mechanism of PKA effects on MYC in our cell models was translation and could be blocked with the eIF4A inhibitor zotatifin. This compound dramatically reduced c-MYC expression and inhibited FLC cell line growth in vitro. Thus, targeting PKA effects on translation is a potential treatment strategy for FLC and other PKA-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary KL Chan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Samantha Maisel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yeonjoo C Hwang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bryan C Pascual
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rebecca RB Wolber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Phuong Vu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Krushna C Patra
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- J. David Gladstone InstituteSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Heidi L Kenerson
- Department of Surgery and Northwest Liver Research Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Huat C Lim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Donald Long
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Raymond S Yeung
- Department of Surgery and Northwest Liver Research Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- J. David Gladstone InstituteSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rigney E Turnham
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kimberly J Riehle
- Department of Surgery and Northwest Liver Research Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - John D Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonUnited States
| | - John D Gordan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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24
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Li K, Huo Q, Li BY, Yokota H. The Double-Edged Proteins in Cancer Proteomes and the Generation of Induced Tumor-Suppressing Cells (iTSCs). Proteomes 2023; 11:5. [PMID: 36810561 PMCID: PMC9944087 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike a prevalent expectation that tumor cells secrete tumor-promoting proteins and stimulate the progression of neighboring tumor cells, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of tumor-secreted proteins is double-edged and context-dependent. Some of the oncogenic proteins in the cytoplasm and cell membranes, which are considered to promote the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, may inversely act as tumor-suppressing proteins in the extracellular domain. Furthermore, the action of tumor-secreted proteins by aggressive "super-fit" tumor cells can be different from those derived from "less-fit" tumor cells. Tumor cells that are exposed to chemotherapeutic agents could alter their secretory proteomes. Super-fit tumor cells tend to secrete tumor-suppressing proteins, while less-fit or chemotherapeutic agent-treated tumor cells may secrete tumor-promotive proteomes. Interestingly, proteomes derived from nontumor cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells mostly share common features with tumor cell-derived proteomes in response to certain signals. This review introduces the double-sided functions of tumor-secreted proteins and describes the proposed underlying mechanism, which would possibly be based on cell competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingji Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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25
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Wei X, Li L, Zhao J, Huo Y, Hu X, Lu J, Pi J, Zhang W, Xu L, Yao Y, Xu J. BAP31 depletion inhibited adipogenesis, repressed lipolysis and promoted lipid droplets abnormal growth via attenuating Perilipin1 proteasomal degradation. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:1713-1730. [PMID: 37063427 PMCID: PMC10092757 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BAP31 expression was robustly decreased in obese white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the roles of BAP31 in lipid metabolism, adipocyte-specific conditional knockout mice (BAP31-ASKO) were generated. BAP31-ASKO mice grow normally as controls, but exhibited reduced lipid accumulation in WAT. Histomorphometric analysis reported increased adipocyte size in BAP31-ASKO mice. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were induced to differentiation to adipocytes, showed reduced induction of adipogenic markers and attenuated adipogenesis in BAP31-deficient MEFs. BAP31-deficiency inhibited fasting-induced PKA signaling activation and the fasting response. β3-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced lipolysis also was reduced, accompanied by reduced free-fatty acids and glycerol release, and impaired agonist-induced lipolysis from primary adipocytes and adipose explants. BAP31 interacts with Perilipin1 via C-terminal cytoplasmic portion on lipid droplets (LDs) surface. Depletion of BAP31 repressed Perilipin1 proteasomal degradation, enhanced Perilipin1 expression and blocked LDs degradation, which promoted LDs abnormal growth and supersized LDs formation, resulted in adipocyte expansion, thus impaired insulin signaling and aggravated pro-inflammation in WAT. BAP31-deficiency increased phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, long chain triglycerides and most phospholipids contents. Overall, BAP31-deficiency inhibited adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in WAT, decreased LDs degradation and promoted LDs abnormal growth, pointing the critical roles in modulating LDs dynamics and homeostasis via proteasomal degradation system in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lisheng Xu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Jialin Xu, Ph. D., Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, Liaoning, China Phone: (+86) 2483656117, E-mail:
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26
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Díaz-Velasco S, Delgado J, Peña FJ, Estévez M. Ellagic Acid Triggers the Necrosis of Differentiated Human Enterocytes Exposed to 3-Nitro-Tyrosine: An MS-Based Proteomic Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122485. [PMID: 36552693 PMCID: PMC9774974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the molecular basis of the toxicological effect of a dietary nitrosated amino acid, namely, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), differentiated human enterocytes were exposed to dietary concentrations of this species (200 μM) and analyzed for flow cytometry, protein oxidation markers and MS-based proteomics. The possible protective role of a dietary phytochemical, ellagic acid (EA) (200 μM), was also tested. The results revealed that cell viability was significantly affected by exposure to 3-NT, with a concomitant significant increase in necrosis (p < 0.05). 3-NT affected several biological processes, such as histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), and pathways related to type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors binding. Addition of EA to 3-NT-treated cells stimulated the toxicological effects of the latter by reducing the abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial conformation. These results emphasize the impact of dietary nitrosated amino acids in intestinal cell physiology and warn about the potential negative effects of ellagic acid when combined with noxious metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Díaz-Velasco
- Food Technology and Quality (TECAL), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Food Hygiene and Safety (HISEALI), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Peña
- Spermatology Laboratory, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- Food Technology and Quality (TECAL), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
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27
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Gu X, Liu H, Luo W, Wang X, Wang H, Li L. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced miR-155–5p promoted lipid metabolism via inhibiting cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in human trophoblastic HTR-8/Svneo cells. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 114:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Wang X, Li Y, Qiang G, Wang K, Dai J, McCann M, Munoz MD, Gil V, Yu Y, Li S, Yang Z, Xu S, Cordoba-Chacon J, De Jesus DF, Sun B, Chen K, Wang Y, Liu X, Miao Q, Zhou L, Hu R, Ding Q, Kulkarni RN, Gao D, Blüher M, Liew CW. Secreted EMC10 is upregulated in human obesity and its neutralizing antibody prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7323. [PMID: 36443308 PMCID: PMC9705309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted isoform of endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex subunit 10 (scEMC10) is a poorly characterized secreted protein of largely unknown physiological function. Here we demonstrate that scEMC10 is upregulated in people with obesity and is positively associated with insulin resistance. Consistent with a causal role for scEMC10 in obesity, Emc10-/- mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity due to an increase in energy expenditure, while scEMC10 overexpression decreases energy expenditure, thus promoting obesity in mouse. Furthermore, neutralization of circulating scEMC10 using a monoclonal antibody reduces body weight and enhances insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that scEMC10 can be transported into cells where it binds to the catalytic subunit of PKA and inhibits its stimulatory action on CREB while ablation of EMC10 promotes thermogenesis in adipocytes via activation of the PKA signalling pathway and its downstream targets. Taken together, our data identify scEMC10 as a circulating inhibitor of thermogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maximilian McCann
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Marcos D Munoz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Li
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Mass General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuangyang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Kramberger K, Barlič-Maganja D, Pražnikar ZJ, Režen T, Rozman D, Pražnikar J, Kenig S. Whole transcriptome expression array analysis of human colon fibroblasts culture treated with Helichrysum italicum supports its use in traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115505. [PMID: 35764197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helichrysum italicum (HI) is a Mediterranean plant with well-reported use in traditional medicine for a wide range of applications, including digestive and liver disorders, intestinal parasitic infections, wound healing, stomach ache and asthma. However, little is known about the global mechanism behind its pleiotropic activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to explain the mechanism behind the previously demonstrated effects of HI and to justify its use in traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A microarray-based transcriptome analysis was used to discover the global transcriptional alterations in primary colon fibroblasts after exposure to HI infusion for 6 h and 24 h. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the microarray results. RESULTS Altogether we identified 217 differentially expressed genes compared to non-treated cells, and only 8 were common to both treatments. Gene ontology analysis revealed that 24 h treatment with HI infusion altered the expression of genes involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell growth, whereas pathway analysis further showed the importance of interleukin signaling and transcriptional regulation by TP53. For the 6 h treatment only the process of hemostasis appeared in the results of both enrichment analyses. In functional assays, HI infusion increased cell migration and decreased blood clotting and prothrombin time. CONCLUSIONS With the careful evaluation of the role of individual genes, especially SERPING1, ARHGAP1, IL33 and CDKN1A, represented in the enriched pathways and processes, we propose the main mode of HI action, which is wound healing. In addition to its indirect prevention of diseases resulting from the impaired barrier integrity, HI also effects inflammation and metabolic processes directly, as it regulates genes such as LRPPRC, LIPA, ABCA12, PRKAR1A and ANXA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kramberger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Barlič-Maganja
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Zala Jenko Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jure Pražnikar
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia.
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Bonomo R, Kramer S, Aubert VM. Obesity-Associated Neuropathy: Recent Preclinical Studies and Proposed Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:597-612. [PMID: 35152780 PMCID: PMC9527047 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated obesity has increased in recent years, affecting millions worldwide. One of the most common complications of obesity is damage to the peripheral nerve system, referred to as neuropathy. The lack of disease-modifying therapy for this complication is largely due to a poor understanding of the complex neurobiology underlying neuropathy. Recent preclinical studies suggest that in addition to glucotoxic events, other mechanisms, including lipid signaling, microbiome, or inflammation, may be viable targets to prevent nerve damage and neuropathic pain in obesity. Recent Advances: Clinical and preclinical studies using diet-induced obesity rodent models have identified novel interventions that improve neuropathy. Notably, mechanistic studies suggest that lipid, calcium signaling, and inflammation are converging pathways. Critical Issues: In this review, we focus on interventions and their mechanisms that are shown to ameliorate neuropathy in MetS obese models, including: (i) inhibition of a sensory neuron population, (ii), modification of dietary components, (iii) activation of nuclear and mitochondrial lipid pathways, (iv) exercise, and (v) modulation of gut microbiome composition and their metabolites. Future Directions: These past years, novel research increased our knowledge about neuropathy in obesity and discovered the involvement of nonglucose signaling. More studies are necessary to uncover the interplay between complex metabolic pathways in the peripheral nerve system of obese individuals. Further mechanistic studies in preclinical models and humans are crucial to create single- or multitarget interventions for this complex disease implying complex metabolic phenotyping. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 597-612.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza Bonomo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Kramer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Virginie M. Aubert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Pagano Zottola AC, Severi I, Cannich A, Ciofi P, Cota D, Marsicano G, Giordano A, Bellocchio L. Expression of Functional Cannabinoid Type-1 (CB 1) Receptor in Mitochondria of White Adipocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162582. [PMID: 36010658 PMCID: PMC9406404 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Via activation of the cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor, endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids modulate important biochemical and cellular processes in adipocytes. Several pieces of evidence suggest that alterations of mitochondrial physiology might be a possible mechanism underlying cannabinoids' effects on adipocyte biology. Many reports suggest the presence of CB1 receptor mRNA in both white and brown adipose tissue, but the detailed subcellular localization of CB1 protein in adipose cells has so far been scarcely addressed. In this study, we show the presence of the functional CB1 receptor at different subcellular locations of adipocytes from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) depots. We observed that CB1 is located at different subcellular levels, including the plasma membrane and in close association with mitochondria (mtCB1). Functional analysis in tissue homogenates and isolated mitochondria allowed us to reveal that cannabinoids negatively regulate complex-I-dependent oxygen consumption in eWAT. This effect requires mtCB1 activation and consequent regulation of the intramitochondrial cAMP-PKA pathway. Thus, CB1 receptors are functionally present at the mitochondrial level in eWAT adipocytes, adding another possible mechanism for peripheral regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Astrid Cannich
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM U1215 Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-557-573-754
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Li A, Shi W, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Jiao XY. The gene knockout of angiotensin II type 1a receptor improves high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat via promoting adipose lipolysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267331. [PMID: 35802723 PMCID: PMC9269876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is over-activated and the serum angiotensin II (Ang II) level increased in obese patients, while their correlations were incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the role of Ang II in diet-induced obesity by focusing on adipose lipid anabolism and catabolism. Methods Rat model of AT1aR gene knockout were established to investigate the special role of Ang II on adipose lipid metabolism. Wild-type (WT) and AT1aR gene knockout (AT1aR-/-) SD rats were fed with normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Adipose morphology and adipose lipid synthesis and lipolysis were examined. Results AT1aR deficiency activated lipolysis-related enzymes and increased the levels of NEFAs and glycerol released from adipose tissue in high-fat diet rats, while did not affect triglycerides synthesis. Besides, AT1aR knockout promoted energy expenditure and fatty acids oxidation in adipose tissue. cAMP levels and PKA phosphorylation in the adipose tissue were significantly increased in AT1aR-/- rats fed with high-fat. Activated PKA could promote adipose lipolysis and thus improved adipose histomorphology and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet rats. Conclusions AT1aR deficiency alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet rats by promoting adipose lipolysis probably via cAMP/PKA pathway, and thereby delayed the onset of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhandong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Díaz-Velasco S, Delgado J, Peña FJ, Estévez M. Protein oxidation marker, α-amino adipic acid, impairs proteome of differentiated human enterocytes: Underlying toxicological mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140797. [PMID: 35691541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein oxidation and oxidative stress are involved in a variety of health disorders such as colorectal adenomas, inflammatory bowel's disease, neurological disorders and aging, among others. In particular, the specific final oxidation product from lysine, the α-amino adipic acid (α-AA), has been found in processed meat products and emphasized as a reliable marker of type II diabetes and obesity. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of the biological impairments caused by α-AA are unknown. To elucidate the molecular basis of the toxicological effect of α-AA, differentiated human enterocytes were exposed to dietary concentrations of α-AA (200 μM) and analyzed by flow cytometry, protein oxidation and proteomics using a Nanoliquid Chromatography-Orbitrap MS/MS. Cell viability was significantly affected by α-AA (p < 0.05). The proteomic study revealed that α-AA was able to alter cell homeostasis through impairment of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, energetic metabolism, and antioxidant response, among other biological processes. These results show the importance of dietary oxidized amino acids in intestinal cell physiology and open the door to further studies to reveal the impact of protein oxidation products in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Díaz-Velasco
- Food Technology and Quality (TECAL), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J Delgado
- Food Hygiene and Safety (HISEALI), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - F J Peña
- Spermatology Laboratory, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- Food Technology and Quality (TECAL), Institute of Meat and Meat Products (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Tang C, Li J, Yang Z, Chen Y, Zeng C. Different lipid metabolic profiles and their associated genes in sessile serrated adenoma or polyps compared to hyperplastic polyps. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1982-1994. [PMID: 35693083 PMCID: PMC9185600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The serrated pathway is important in the development of colorectal cancer; currently, knowledge about the lipid metabolism profiles of serrated lesions is limited. Clinical characteristics were compared via Pearson's chi-squared test, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA. For some missing values, the MCAR test and multiple imputations were performed. Compared to patients with HP, the rates of younger patients (<50) and male patients with SSA or SSP were increased (P<0.05). Additionally, the BMI index and triglyceride levels were increased in patients with SSA or SSP. Inversely, patients with SSA/P had lower levels of HDL (P<0.05). Interestingly, the value of uric acid and tumor size in SSA/P patients tended to be greater than those in HP patients, and the ratio of patients who smoked was also increased. Other characteristics, such as LDL, ALB, γ-GT, and the N/L ratio, were similar among the subtypes of serrated lesions. Analysis of GEO data (GSE43841) showed that 9 genes were associated with lipid metabolism, including ADRB3, DEGS2, PRKACB, SLC44A1, and CA4. PRKACB was downregulated in SSA/P tissue compared to HP tissue samples from the GSE76987 dataset and our hospital. In conclusion, compared to benign HP, lower HDL levels and higher triglyceride levels tended to occur in CRC precursor SSA/P lesions, and these factors may be associated with metabolic genomic markers, such as PRKACB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaotao Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Son Y, Choi C, Saha A, Park JH, Im H, Cho YK, Seong JK, Burl RB, Rondini EA, Granneman JG, Lee YH. REEP6 knockout leads to defective β-adrenergic signaling in adipocytes and promotes obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Metabolism 2022; 130:155159. [PMID: 35150731 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mobilization and catabolism of lipid energy is a central function of adipocytes that is under the control of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway, and defects in β-adrenergic signaling in adipocytes have been linked to obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Receptor expression-enhancing proteins (REEPs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins that play critical roles in subcellular targeting of receptor signaling complexes. Examination of gene expression profiles indicates that, among REEPs expressed in adipocytes, REEP6 expression is uniquely upregulated by sympathetic nervous system activation, suggesting involvement in regulating adrenergic signal transduction. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of REEP6 to the thermogenic activation of adipocytes and characterize the metabolic consequences of REEP6 deficiency in vivo. METHODS Expression levels of Reep6 in adipose tissue were examined by using public transcriptomic data and validated by Western blot and qPCR analyses. Adipocyte-specific regulatory roles of REEP6 were investigated in vitro in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes and in primary adipocytes obtained from REEP6 KO mice. Effects of in vivo REEP6 deficiency on energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry. Mitochondrial content in adipose tissue was accessed by immunoblot, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and confocal and electron microscopy. Effects of REEP6 KO on obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction were tested in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model by glucose tolerance test, Western blot, and histological analyses. RESULTS REEP6 expression is highly enriched in murine adipocytes and is sharply upregulated upon adipocyte differentiation and by cold exposure. Inactivation of REEP6 in mice increased adiposity, and reduced energy expenditure and cold tolerance. REEP6 KO severely reduced protein kinase A-mediated signaling in BAT and greatly reduced mitochondrial mass. The effect of REEP6 inactivation on diminished β-adrenergic signaling was reproduced in cultured adipocytes, indicating that this effect is cell-autonomous. REEP6 KO also suppressed expression of adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) in brown adipose tissue and knockdown of REEP6 in adipocytes reduced targeting of ADCY3 to the plasma membrane. Lastly, REEP6 KO exacerbated high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that REEP6 plays an important role in β-adrenergic signal transduction in adipocytes involving the expression and trafficking of Adcy3. Genetic inactivation of REEP6 reduces energy expenditure, increases adiposity, and the susceptibility to obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), and Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rayanne B Burl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulation of metabolic homeostasis: An old dog teaches us new tricks. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101480. [PMID: 35338013 PMCID: PMC8980887 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late in the nineteenth century, it was theorized that a circulating product produced by the parathyroid glands could negatively impact skeletal homeostasis. A century later, intermittent administration of that protein, namely parathyroid hormone (PTH), was approved by the FDA and EMA as the first anabolic agent to treat osteoporosis. Yet, several unanswered but important questions remain about the skeletal actions of PTH. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current research efforts have focused on improving the efficacy of PTH treatment by designing structural analogs and identifying other targets (e.g., the PTH or the calcium sensing receptor). A unique but only recently described aspect of PTH action is its regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism, namely in bone and adipose tissue but also in other tissues. The current review aims to provide a brief background on PTH's previously described actions on bone and highlights how PTH regulates osteoblast bioenergetics, contributing to greater bone formation. It will also shed light on how PTH could alter metabolic homeostasis through its actions in other cells and tissues, thereby impacting the skeleton in a cell non-autonomous manner. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS PTH administration enhances bone formation by targeting the osteoblast through transcriptional changes in several pathways; the most prominent is via adenyl cyclase and PKA. PTH and its related protein, PTHrP, also induce glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in bone cells and drive lipolysis and thermogenic programming in adipocytes; the latter may indirectly but positively influence skeletal metabolism. While much work remains, alterations in cellular metabolism may also provide a novel mechanism related to PTH's temporal actions. Thus, the bioenergetic impact of PTH can be considered another of the myriad anabolic effects of PTH on the skeleton. Just as importantly from a translational perspective, the non-skeletal metabolic effects may lead to a better understanding of whole-body homeostasis along with new and improved therapies to treat musculoskeletal conditions.
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A multiplexed epitope barcoding strategy that enables dynamic cellular phenotypic screens. Cell Syst 2022; 13:376-387.e8. [PMID: 35316656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pooled genetic libraries have improved screening throughput for mapping genotypes to phenotypes. However, selectable phenotypes are limited, restricting screening to outcomes with a low spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we integrated live-cell imaging with pooled library-based screening. To enable intracellular multiplexing, we developed a method called EPICode that uses a combination of short epitopes, which can also appear in various subcellular locations. EPICode thus enables the use of live-cell microscopy to characterize a phenotype of interest over time, including after sequential stimulatory/inhibitory manipulations, and directly connects behavior to the cellular genotype. To test EPICode's capacity against an important milestone-engineering and optimizing dynamic, live-cell reporters-we developed a live-cell PKA kinase translocation reporter with improved sensitivity and specificity. The use of epitopes as fluorescent barcodes introduces a scalable strategy for high-throughput screening broadly applicable to protein engineering and drug discovery settings where image-based phenotyping is desired.
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Maunze B, Bruckner KW, Desai NN, Chen C, Chen F, Baker D, Choi S. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activation in the hypothalamus recruits unique signaling pathways involved in energy homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E199-E210. [PMID: 35001657 PMCID: PMC8897015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00320.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) exerts pleiotropic effects on ventromedial nuclei (VMN) of the hypothalamus and its control of feeding and energy expenditure through the type I PAC1 receptor (PAC1R). However, the endogenous role of PAC1Rs in the VMN and the downstream signaling responsible for PACAP's effects on energy balance are unknown. Numerous studies have revealed that PAC1Rs are coupled to both Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A (Gαs/AC/PKA) and Gαq/phospholipase C/protein kinase C (Gαq/PLC/PKC), while also undergoing trafficking following stimulation. To determine the endogenous role of PAC1Rs and downstream signaling that may explain PACAP's pleiotropic effects, we used RNA interference to knockdown VMN PAC1Rs and pharmacologically inhibited PKA, PKC, and PAC1R trafficking. Knocking down PAC1Rs increased meal sizes, reduced total number of meals, and induced body weight gain. Inhibition of either PKA or PKC alone in awake male Sprague-Dawley rats, attenuated PACAP's hypophagic and anorectic effects during the dark phase. However, PKA or PKC inhibition potentiated PACAP's thermogenic effects during the light phase. Analysis of locomotor activity revealed that PKA inhibition augmented PACAP's locomotor effects, whereas PKC inhibition had no effect. Finally, PACAP administration in the VMN induces surface PAC1R trafficking into the cytosol which was blocked by endocytosis inhibitors. Subsequently, inhibition of PAC1R trafficking into the cytosol attenuated PACAP-induced hypophagia. These results revealed that endogenous PAC1Rs uniquely engage PKA, PKC, and receptor trafficking to mediate PACAP's pleiotropic effects in VMN control of feeding and metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endogenous PAC1 receptors, integral to VMN management of feeding behavior and body weight regulation, uniquely engage PKA, PKC, and receptor trafficking to mediate the hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei control of feeding and metabolism. PACAP appears to use different signaling mechanisms to regulate feeding behavior from its effects on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Maunze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Nikhil Nilesh Desai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Fanghong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - SuJean Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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London E, Stratakis CA. The regulation of PKA signaling in obesity and in the maintenance of metabolic health. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108113. [PMID: 35051439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that bind G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to modulate cAMP levels. Through its control of synaptic events, exocytosis, transcriptional regulation, and more, PKA signaling regulates cellular metabolism and emotional and stress responses making it integral in the maintenance and dysregulation of energy homeostasis. Neural PKA signaling is regulated by afferent and peripheral efferent signals that link specific neural cell populations to the regulation of metabolic processes in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, adrenal, skeletal muscle, and gut. Mouse models have provided invaluable information on the roles for PKA subunits in brain and key metabolic organs. While limited, human studies infer differential regulation of the PKA system in obese compared to lean individuals. Variants identified in PKA subunit genes cause Cushing syndrome that is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with endogenous glucocorticoid excess. Under healthy physiologic conditions, the PKA system is exquisitely regulated by stimuli that activate GPCRs to alter intracellular cAMP concentrations, and by PKA cellular localization and holoenzyme stability. Adenylate cyclase activity generates cAMP while phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP decreases cAMP levels downstream of GPCRs. Chronic perturbations in PKA signaling appear to be capable of resetting PKA regulation at several levels; in addition, sex differences in PKA signaling regulation, while not well understood, impact the physiologic consequences of metabolic dysregulation and obesity. This review explores the roles for PKA signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbidities through neural-peripheral crosstalk and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway targets that hold therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA; Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, IMBB, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Greece; Research Institute, ELPEN, SA, Athens, Greece
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Jin H, Oh HJ, Cho S, Lee OH, Lee BY. Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) prevents obesity by reducing lipid accumulation and increasing white adipose browning in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:11840-11852. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-obesity effects of OKC in HFD-fed obese mice. Treatment with OKC reduced lipid accumulation and promoted energy expenditure through browning. This was associated with improvements in the hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heegu Jin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehaeng Cho
- Syspang Co. Ltd, Seoul 06211, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Medical Clinic, Seoul 04379, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Im DU, Chau GC, Mishra NK, Kim IS, Um SH. Novel anti-adipogenic effect of CF 3-allylated indole in 3T3-L1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109782. [PMID: 34932954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indole derivatives from various plants are known to have health benefits because of their anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tubercular effects. However, their effects on adipogenesis have not been fully elucidated yet. Herein, we show that a newly synthesized indole derivative, CF3-allylated indole, [(E)-1-(pyrimidin- 2-yl)-2-(4,4,4- trifluorobut-2-enyl)-1H-indole], effectively inhibits adipogenesis. We found that CF3-allylated indole inhibited lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect of CF3-allylated indole primarily occurred at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and enhancing protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Conversely, depletion of PKA or treatment with a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) reversed such inhibitory effects of CF3-allylated indole on adipogenesis and PPARγ expression. These results suggest that CF3-allylated indole inhibits early stages of adipogenesis by increasing phosphorylation of PKA/AMPK, leading to decreased expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicate that CF3-allylated indole has potential for controlling initial adipocyte differentiation in metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Im
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gia Cac Chau
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute Convergence at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang Y, Zhu L, Wu D, Ni Y, Huang C, Ye H, Yang Y, Liu R, Li Y. Type IIB PKA is highly expressed in β cells and controls cell proliferation via regulating Cyclin D1 expression. FEBS J 2021; 289:2865-2876. [PMID: 34839588 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
β cell number is maintained mainly by cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is an important intracellular signalling-mediating β cell proliferation. However, the precise roles of PKA isoforms are not well-defined. We found that the RIIB subunit of PKA is expressed specifically by β cells of mouse and human islets. Sixty percent pancreatectomy caused increased β cell proliferation. Deletion of type IIB PKA by disruption of RIIB expression further promoted β cell proliferation, leading to enhanced β cell mass expansion. RIIB KO mice also showed increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance. Mechanistically, activation of type IIB PKA decreased Cyclin D1 levels and inhibition of RIIB expression increased Cyclin D1 levels. Consistently, activation of type IIB PKA inhibited cell cycle entry. These results suggest that type IIB PKA plays a pivotal role in β cell proliferation via regulating Cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhi Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Structural Insights into Protein Regulation by Phosphorylation and Substrate Recognition of Protein Kinases/Phosphatases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090957. [PMID: 34575106 PMCID: PMC8467178 DOI: 10.3390/life11090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most widely observed and important post-translational modification (PTM) processes. Protein phosphorylation is regulated by protein kinases, each of which covalently attaches a phosphate group to an amino acid side chain on a serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), or tyrosine (Tyr) residue of a protein, and by protein phosphatases, each of which, conversely, removes a phosphate group from a phosphoprotein. These reversible enzyme activities provide a regulatory mechanism by activating or deactivating many diverse functions of proteins in various cellular processes. In this review, their structures and substrate recognition are described and summarized, focusing on Ser/Thr protein kinases and protein Ser/Thr phosphatases, and the regulation of protein structures by phosphorylation. The studies reviewed here and the resulting information could contribute to further structural, biochemical, and combined studies on the mechanisms of protein phosphorylation and to drug discovery approaches targeting protein kinases or protein phosphatases.
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Ragone A, Salzillo A, Spina A, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M, Sapio L, Naviglio S. Protein Kinase A Detection in Human Urine Samples. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4096. [PMID: 34575203 PMCID: PMC8464865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively involved in tumor maintenance, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in cancer. Recently, an active PKA form has been identified in human sera and PKA autoantibodies have been detected in cancer patients. However, their serum functions, as well as diagnostic significance, remain largely unknown. Although several PKA detection assays have been developed, none refer to a laboratory diagnostic procedure. Among these, ELISA and Western blotting (WB) assays have been employed in PKA detection. Since, to the best of our knowledge, there are no data showing its presence in human urine samples, herein, we explore the possibility of PKA's existence in this biological specimen. Interestingly, among the 30 screened urines by quantitative sandwich ELISA, we recognized detectable PKA levels in 5 different samples, and of those two exhibited a considerable high concentration. To corroborate these results, we also evaluated PKA's presence in both positive and negative ELISA urines by WB. Remarkably, immunoblotting analysis confirmed PKA's existence in certain, but not in all, human urine specimens. Despite being quite preliminary, these findings firstly identify PKA in urine samples and provide evidence for its potential clinic usage as a diagnostic analyte in laboratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
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cAMP Compartmentalization in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells: New Therapeutic Opportunities in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081951. [PMID: 34440720 PMCID: PMC8392343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular hypothesis used to explain the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggests that a dysfunction of the cerebral microvasculature could be the beginning of alterations that ultimately leads to neuronal damage, and an abnormal increase of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a prominent role in this process. It is generally accepted that, in physiological conditions, cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays a key role in maintaining BBB permeability by regulating the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature. It is also known that intracellular cAMP signaling is highly compartmentalized into small nanodomains and localized cAMP changes are sufficient at modifying the permeability of the endothelial barrier. This spatial and temporal distribution is maintained by the enzymes involved in cAMP synthesis and degradation, by the location of its effectors, and by the existence of anchor proteins, as well as by buffers or different cytoplasm viscosities and intracellular structures limiting its diffusion. This review compiles current knowledge on the influence of cAMP compartmentalization on the endothelial barrier and, more specifically, on the BBB, laying the foundation for a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of AD.
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Loza-Valdes A, Mayer AE, Kassouf T, Trujillo-Viera J, Schmitz W, Dziaczkowski F, Leitges M, Schlosser A, Sumara G. A phosphoproteomic approach reveals that PKD3 controls PKA-mediated glucose and tyrosine metabolism. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202000863. [PMID: 34145024 PMCID: PMC8321662 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) regulates hepatic metabolism in a PKA-dependent manner and reveals many other putative PKD3 targets in the liver. Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family (PKD1, 2, and 3) integrate hormonal and nutritional inputs to regulate complex cellular metabolism. Despite the fact that a number of functions have been annotated to particular PKDs, their molecular targets are relatively poorly explored. PKD3 promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses lipogenesis in the liver of animals fed a high-fat diet. However, its substrates are largely unknown. Here we applied proteomic approaches to determine PKD3 targets. We identified more than 300 putative targets of PKD3. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that PKD3 regulates cAMP-dependent PKA activity, a master regulator of the hepatic response to glucagon and fasting. PKA regulates glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in the liver, by targeting key enzymes in the respective processes. Among them the PKA targets phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Consistently, we showed that PKD3 is activated by glucagon and promotes glucose and tyrosine levels in hepatocytes. Therefore, our data indicate that PKD3 might play a role in the hepatic response to glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Loza-Valdes
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toufic Kassouf
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo-Viera
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Filip Dziaczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Leitges
- Tier 1, Canada Research Chair in Cell Signaling and Translational Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences/Faculty of Medicine, Craig L Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Science Centre, St. Johns, Canada
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany .,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Dionne O, Corbin F. An "Omic" Overview of Fragile X Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:433. [PMID: 34068266 PMCID: PMC8153138 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a wide range of cognitive, behavioral and medical problems. It arises from the silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and, consequently, in the absence of its encoded protein, FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein). FMRP is a ubiquitously expressed and multifunctional RNA-binding protein, primarily considered as a translational regulator. Pre-clinical studies of the past two decades have therefore focused on this function to relate FMRP's absence to the molecular mechanisms underlying FXS physiopathology. Based on these data, successful pharmacological strategies were developed to rescue fragile X phenotype in animal models. Unfortunately, these results did not translate into humans as clinical trials using same therapeutic approaches did not reach the expected outcomes. These failures highlight the need to put into perspective the different functions of FMRP in order to get a more comprehensive understanding of FXS pathophysiology. This work presents a review of FMRP's involvement on noteworthy molecular mechanisms that may ultimately contribute to various biochemical alterations composing the fragile X phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dionne
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H4, Canada;
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London E, Wester JC, Bloyd M, Bettencourt S, McBain CJ, Stratakis CA. Loss of habenular Prkar2a reduces hedonic eating and increases exercise motivation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141670. [PMID: 33141766 PMCID: PMC7714411 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) is a bilateral, evolutionarily conserved epithalamic structure connecting forebrain and midbrain structures that has gained attention for its roles in depression, addiction, rewards processing, and motivation. Of its 2 major subdivisions, the medial Hb (MHb) and lateral Hb (LHb), MHb circuitry and function are poorly understood relative to those of the LHb. Prkar2a codes for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulatory subunit IIα (RIIα), a component of the PKA holoenzyme at the center of one of the major cell-signaling pathways conserved across systems and species. Type 2 regulatory subunits (RIIα, RIIβ) determine the subcellular localization of PKA, and unlike other PKA subunits, Prkar2a has minimal brain expression except in the MHb. We previously showed that RIIα-knockout (RIIα-KO) mice resist diet-induced obesity. In the present study, we report that RIIα-KO mice have decreased consumption of palatable, “rewarding” foods and increased motivation for voluntary exercise. Prkar2a deficiency led to decreased habenular PKA enzymatic activity and impaired dendritic localization of PKA catalytic subunits in MHb neurons. Reexpression of Prkar2a in the Hb rescued this phenotype, confirming differential roles for Prkar2a in regulating the drives for palatable foods and voluntary exercise. Our findings show that in the MHb decreased PKA signaling and dendritic PKA activity decrease motivation for palatable foods, while enhancing the motivation for exercise, a desirable combination of behaviors. Decreased habenular PKA signaling and altered localization of PKA catalytic subunits in medial habenula dendrites caused by Prkar2a deletion led to increased voluntary running and decreased sucrose solution intake in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason C Wester
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Chris J McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Liu C, Ke P, Zhang J, Zhang X, Chen X. Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peptide as a Tool to Specifically Inhibit Protein Kinase A. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574030. [PMID: 33324237 PMCID: PMC7723848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase enzyme family plays a pivotal role in almost every aspect of cellular function, including cellular metabolism, division, proliferation, transcription, movement, and survival. Protein kinase A (PKA), whose activation is triggered by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), is widely distributed in various systems and tissues throughout the body and highly related to pathogenesis and progression of various kinds of diseases. The inhibition of PKA activation is essential for the study of PKA functions. Protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI) is a potent, heat-stable, and specific PKA inhibitor. It has been demonstrated that PKI can block PKA-mediated phosphorylase activation. Since then, researchers have a lot of knowledge about PKI. PKI is considered to be the most effective and specific method to inhibit PKA and is widely used in related research. In this review, we will first introduce the knowledge on the activation of PKA and mechanisms related on the inhibitory effects of PKI on PKA. Then, we will compare PKI-mediated PKA inhibition vs. several popular methods of PKA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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