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Zhang Y, Tan Q, Lin M, Shen C, Jin L, Li G. Dusky-like Is Critical for Morphogenesis of the Cellular Protuberances and Formation of the Cuticle in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:866. [PMID: 37372150 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Dusky-like (Dyl) is a transmembrane protein containing a zona pellucida domain. Its physiological roles during metamorphosis have been well explored in Drosophila melanogaster and have also been documented in Tribolium castaneum. However, Dyl has undergone a functional shift between Diptera and Coleoptera insects. Further investigation of Dyl in other insects will be helpful to further clarify its function in insect growth and development. Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is an important Coleoptera that causes enormous economic losses in agriculture in China. In this study, we found that the expression of Hvdyl was detectable in embryos, larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults. We knocked down Hvdyl in third- and fourth-instar larvae and pupae with RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi of Hvdyl mainly caused two phenotypic defects. Firstly, the growth of epidermal cellular protuberances was suppressed. Injection of dsdyl (double-stranded dusky-like RNA) at the third-instar larval stage truncated the scoli throughout the thorax and abdomen and shortened the setae on the head capsules and mouthparts of the fourth-instar larvae. Introduction of dsdyl at the third- and fourth-instar stages led to misshapen pupal setae. The setae were shortened or became black nodules. Treatment with dsdyl at the larval and pupal stages resulted in deformed adults with completely suppressed wing hairs. Moreover, the knockdown of Hvdyl at the third-instar stage caused deformed larval mouthparts at the fourth-instar period. As a result, foliage consumption was inhibited, and larval growth was slowed. The results indicate that Dyl is associated with the growth of cellular protuberances throughout development and with the formation of the cuticle in H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiao Tan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengjiao Lin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chenhui Shen
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Daeden A, Mietke A, Derivery E, Seum C, Jülicher F, Gonzalez-Gaitan M. Polarized branched Actin modulates cortical mechanics to produce unequal-size daughters during asymmetric division. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:235-245. [PMID: 36747081 PMCID: PMC9928585 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The control of cell shape during cytokinesis requires a precise regulation of mechanical properties of the cell cortex. Only few studies have addressed the mechanisms underlying the robust production of unequal-sized daughters during asymmetric cell division. Here we report that unequal daughter-cell sizes resulting from asymmetric sensory organ precursor divisions in Drosophila are controlled by the relative amount of cortical branched Actin between the two cell poles. We demonstrate this by mistargeting the machinery for branched Actin dynamics using nanobodies and optogenetics. We can thereby engineer the cell shape with temporal precision and thus the daughter-cell size at different stages of cytokinesis. Most strikingly, inverting cortical Actin asymmetry causes an inversion of daughter-cell sizes. Our findings uncover the physical mechanism by which the sensory organ precursor mother cell controls relative daughter-cell size: polarized cortical Actin modulates the cortical bending rigidity to set the cell surface curvature, stabilize the division and ultimately lead to unequal daughter-cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Daeden
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mietke
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carole Seum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Molina-Pelayo C, Olguin P, Mlodzik M, Glavic A. The conserved Pelado/ZSWIM8 protein regulates actin dynamics by promoting linear actin filament polymerization. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201484. [PMID: 35940847 PMCID: PMC9375228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament polymerization can be branched or linear, which depends on the associated regulatory proteins. Competition for actin monomers occurs between proteins that induce branched or linear actin polymerization. Cell specialization requires the regulation of actin filaments to allow the formation of cell type-specific structures, like cuticular hairs in Drosophila, formed by linear actin filaments. Here, we report the functional analysis of CG34401/pelado, a gene encoding a SWIM domain-containing protein, conserved throughout the animal kingdom, called ZSWIM8 in mammals. Mutant pelado epithelial cells display actin hair elongation defects. This phenotype is reversed by increasing actin monomer levels or by either pushing linear actin polymerization or reducing branched actin polymerization. Similarly, in hemocytes, Pelado is essential to induce filopodia, a linear actin-based structure. We further show that this function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 is conserved in human cells, where Pelado inhibits branched actin polymerization in a cell migration context. In summary, our data indicate that the function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics is conserved, favoring linear actin polymerization at the expense of branched filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Molina-Pelayo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Olguin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA .,Departamento de Neurociencia, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Toxicological and Nutraceutical Screening Assays of Some Artificial Sweeteners. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are food additives worldwide used instead of fructose or glucose in many diet beverages. Furthermore, diet beverages intake has been increasing every year. Thus, some food agencies should regulate it based on toxicological studies. Debates and controversial results are demonstrated, and authority can revise its decision on the basis of new data reporting toxicological effects since cyclamate has been forbidden in some countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report new data about the toxicity of acesulfame-k, aspartame, and cyclamate, which are useful for authority agencies, determining the toxic potential and nutraceutical capabilities of these compounds. The toxicity, antitoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, and life expectancy assays were carried out in Drosophila as an in vivo model. In addition, in vitro HL-60 line cell was used to evaluate the chemopreventive activity determining the cytotoxic effect and the capability of producing DNA damage due to internucleosomal fragmentation or DNA strand breaks. Furthermore, the methylated status of these cancer cells treated with the tested compounds was assayed as a cancer therapy. Our results demonstrated that all tested compounds were neither toxic nor genotoxic, whereas these compounds resulted in antigenotoxic and cytotoxic substances, except for cyclamate. Aspartame showed antitoxic effects in Drosophila. All tested compounds decreased the quality of life of this in vivo organism model. Acesulfame-k, aspartame, and cyclamate induced DNA damage in the HL-60 cell line in the comet assay, and acesulfame-k generally increased the methylation status. In conclusion, all tested artificial sweeteners were safe compounds at assayed concentrations since toxicity and genotoxicity were not significantly induced in flies. Moreover, Aspartame and Cyclamate showed protective activity against a genotoxin in Drosophila Regarding nutraceutical potential, acesulfame-k and aspartame could be demonstrated to be chemopreventive due to the cytotoxicity activity shown by these compounds. According to DNA fragmentation and comet assays, a necrotic way could be the main mechanism of death cells induced by acesulfame-k and aspartame. Finally, Acesulfame-K hypermethylated repetitive elements, which are hypomethylated in cancer cells resulting in a benefit to humans.
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Abstract
Nowadays, a general interest in improving health in order to achieve better conditions of life is increasing. Diet is a complex factor affecting health conditions. We analysed the biological activities of three types of alcohol-free lager beer (a blond, a pale-blond and a stout beer) as well as epicatechin gallate (ECG) as one of their most abundant phenols with the aim of revealing them as nutraceuticals. For that purpose, we carried out safety and protective assays of the tested substances in the well-known Drosophila melanogaster animal model. Moreover, chemoprevention studies on human leukaemia cells (HL-60) in an in vitro model were carried out to evaluate the viability and genomic damage potential of the studied compounds on the tumour cell line. Results suggest the safety properties of all compounds, although pale-blond and stout beer only showed genotoxic activity at the lowest concentrations assayed. Moreover, alcohol-free beers and phenols were able to protect against H2O2 oxidative damage as well as to induce an increase in longevity with an improvement of the quality of life in the in vivo animal model assayed. Promising results were obtained with the alcohol-free beers and ECG in the in vitro assays with human leukaemia cells as they inhibited the tumour cells’ growth, induced DNA damage and modified the methylation status of such a cancer cell line. To sum up, alcohol-free beers should be of interest not only because of their reduced calories and isotonic properties but because they can be recognised as nutraceutical substances.
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Merinas-Amo T, Lozano-Baena MD, Obregón-Cano S, Alonso-Moraga Á, de Haro-Bailón A. Role of Glucosinolates in the Nutraceutical Potential of Selected Cultivars of Brassica rapa. Foods 2021; 10:2720. [PMID: 34829001 PMCID: PMC8617875 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa (turnip greens), a traditionally consumed vegetable, is well-known due to its high content of glucosinolates, which are secondary metabolites with a positive biological activity for human health. Our hypothesis has been based on the relation between B. rapa glucosinolate content and its healthy properties, and our aim is to establish guidelines for safe B. rapa vegetable consumption. Three B. rapa cultivars (143N5, 143N7 and 163N7) have been characterized by HPLC analysis of purified extracts from leaf samples in order to determine their glucosinolate content and to relate this content to beneficial effects on DNA protection, lifespan extension and chemoprevention. In order to ascertain the heath properties in vitro and in vivo, toxicity activities were assayed in the Drosophila melanogaster and leukaemia cell models; genomic safety was also assessed in both models using genotoxicity, fragmentation and comet assay. The Drosophila model has also been used to study the antioxidative activity and the longevity induction. Our results showed a relationship between B. rapa glucosinolate content and its safety and benefices in its consumption. Gluconapin, the main B. rapa glucosinolate, was directly related with these wholesome effects. The relevant conclusion in the present research is focused on B. rapa cultivar 163N7 due to its high gluconapin content and low progoitrin content, which exert anti-cancer and DNA protection properties and could be recommended as being safe and healthy for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (M.-D.L.-B.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - María-Dolores Lozano-Baena
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (M.-D.L.-B.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - Sara Obregón-Cano
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.O.-C.); (A.d.H.-B.)
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, Campus Rabanales, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (M.-D.L.-B.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - Antonio de Haro-Bailón
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (S.O.-C.); (A.d.H.-B.)
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7
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Bolger-Munro M, Choi K, Cheung F, Liu YT, Dang-Lawson M, Deretic N, Keane C, Gold MR. The Wdr1-LIMK-Cofilin Axis Controls B Cell Antigen Receptor-Induced Actin Remodeling and Signaling at the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649433. [PMID: 33928084 PMCID: PMC8076898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When B cells encounter membrane-bound antigens, the formation and coalescence of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) microclusters amplifies BCR signaling. The ability of B cells to probe the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and respond to APC-bound antigens requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Initial BCR signaling stimulates actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization, which drives B cell spreading as well as the centripetal movement and coalescence of BCR microclusters at the B cell-APC synapse. Sustained actin polymerization depends on concomitant actin filament depolymerization, which enables the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. Cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments is a rate-limiting step in the morphological changes that occur during immune synapse formation. Hence, regulators of cofilin activity such as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (Wdr1), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) may also be essential for actin-dependent processes in B cells. Wdr1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Conversely, Cotl1 competes with cofilin for binding to actin and LIMK phosphorylates cofilin and prevents it from binding to actin filaments. We now show that Wdr1 and LIMK have distinct roles in BCR-induced assembly of the peripheral actin structures that drive B cell spreading, and that cofilin, Wdr1, and LIMK all contribute to the actin-dependent amplification of BCR signaling at the immune synapse. Depleting Cotl1 had no effect on these processes. Thus, the Wdr1-LIMK-cofilin axis is critical for BCR-induced actin remodeling and for B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faith Cheung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Tian Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - May Dang-Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nikola Deretic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connor Keane
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mateo-Fernández M, Valenzuela-Gómez F, Font R, Del Río-Celestino M, Merinas-Amo T, Alonso-Moraga Á. In Vivo and In Vitro Assays Evaluating the Biological Activity of Taurine, Glucose and Energetic Beverages. Molecules 2021; 26:2198. [PMID: 33920365 PMCID: PMC8069289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is one of the main ingredients used in energy drinks which are highly consumed in adolescents for their sugary taste and stimulating effect. With energy drinks becoming a worldwide phenomenon, the biological effects of these beverages must be evaluated in order to fully comprehend the potential impact of these products on the health due to the fact nutrition is closely related to science since the population consumes food to prevent certain diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of taurine, glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® in order to check the food safety and the nutraceutical potential of these compounds, characterising different endpoints: (i) Toxicology, antitoxicology, genotoxicology and life expectancy assays were performed in the Drosophila melanogaster model organism; (ii) The in vitro chemopreventive activity of testing compounds was determined by assessing their cytotoxicity, the proapoptotic DNA-damage capability to induce internucleosomal fragmentation, the strand breaks activity and the modulator role on the methylation status of genomic repetitive sequences of HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Whereas none tested compounds showed toxic or genotoxic effect, all tested compounds exerted antitoxic and antigenotoxic activity in Drosophila. Glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® were cytotoxic in HL-60 cell line. Classic Red Bull® induced DNA internucleosomal fragmentation although none of them exhibited DNA damage on human leukaemia cells. In conclusion, the tested compounds are safe on Drosophila melanogaster and classic Red Bull® could overall possess nutraceutical potential in the in vivo and in vitro model used in this study. Besides, taurine could holistically be one of the bioactive compounds responsible for the biological activity of classic Red Bull®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mateo-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | | | - Rafael Font
- Agri-Food Laboratory, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain; (R.F.); (M.D.R.-C.)
| | | | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (Á.A.-M.)
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (T.M.-A.); (Á.A.-M.)
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9
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Toxicological and Epigenetic Studies of Two Types of Ale Beer, Tyrosol and Iso-Alpha Humulone. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many benefits drawn from beer consumption are claimed, the epidemiological records are contradictory with respect to cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible health-related activities involving genome safety and the ageing processes of two types of lyophilised ale beers (blond and stout), as well as two of their bioactive compounds (tyrosol and iso-alpha humulone). A multipurpose trial set of in vivo toxicity, antitoxicity, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, lifespan and healthspan assays using Drosophila melanogaster were used. In parallel, several in vitro assays were designed using the cancer cell line HL-60 in order to establish the possible chemopreventive activity of the selected substances, where epigenetic modulation of DNA methylation changes, clastogenic activity and tumour cell inhibition growth were evaluated. The safety of the four substances was confirmed: lyophilised blond ale beer (LBAB), lyophilised stout ale beer (LSAB), tyrosol and iso-alpha humulone were neither toxic nor genotoxic. Moreover, all substances, except tyrosol, revealed the ability to protect individual genomes against oxidative radicals and to exert antimutagenic activity against the genotoxin hydrogen peroxide. With respect to the degenerative process indicators of lifespan and healthspan, tyrosol was the only compound that did not exert any influence on the life extension of Drosophila; LBAB induced a significant lifespan extension in D. melanogaster; LSAB and its distinctive compound iso-alpha humulone induced a reduction in longevity. The in vitro assays showed the cytotoxic activity of LBAB, LSAB and tyrosol against HL-60 cells. Moreover, proapoptotic DNA fragmentation or DNA strand breakage was observed for both types of beers and iso-alpha humulone at different concentrations. Furthermore, the lyophilised ale beers and tyrosol exhibited an increasing genome-wide methylation status, while iso-alpha humulone exhibited a demethylation status in repetitive cancer cell sequences. Although the biological activities assigned to beer consumption cannot be linked to any specific molecule/element due to the complexity of the phenolic profile, as well as the multifactor brewing process, the results obtained let us propose lyophilised ale beers as safe potential nutraceutical beverages when consumed in moderate amounts. The prevention of toxicity and genetic oxidative damage, as well as the induction of tumor cell death and modulation of the methylation status, are the key activities of beer that were shown in the present research.
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10
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Jin ZL, Yao XR, Wen L, Hao G, Kwon JW, Hao J, Kim NH. AIP1 and Cofilin control the actin dynamics to modulate the asymmetric division and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:11292-11306. [PMID: 32602619 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000093r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (WDR1), is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms, and it plays critical roles in the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the biological function and mechanism of AIP1 in mammalian oocyte maturation is still largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that AIP1 boosts ADF/Cofilin activity in mouse oocytes. AIP1 is primarily distributed around the spindle region during oocyte maturation, and its depletion impairs meiotic spindle migration and asymmetric division. The knockdown of AIP1 resulted in the gathering of a large number of actin-positive patches around the spindle region. This effect was reduced by human AIP1 (hAIP1) or Cofilin (S3A) expression. AIP1 knockdown also reduced the phosphorylation of Cofilin near the spindle, indicating that AIP1 interacts with ADF/Cofilin-decorated actin filaments and enhances filament disassembly. Moreover, the deletion of AIP1 disrupts Cofilin localization in metaphase I (MI) and induces cytokinesis defects in metaphase II (MII). Taken together, our results provide evidence that AIP1 promotes actin dynamics and cytokinesis via Cofilin in the gametes of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Long Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Xue-Rui Yao
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Liu Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Guo Hao
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Kwon
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jiang Hao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- School of Biotechnology and Healthcare, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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11
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Mateo-Fernández M, Alves-Martínez P, Del Río-Celestino M, Font R, Merinas-Amo T, Alonso-Moraga Á. Food Safety and Nutraceutical Potential of Caramel Colour Class IV Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090392. [PMID: 31491925 PMCID: PMC6770427 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutical activity of food is analysed to promote the healthy characteristics of diet where additives are highly used. Caramel is one of the most worldwide consumed additives and it is produced by heating natural carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the food safety and the possible nutraceutical potential of caramel colour class IV (CAR). For this purpose, in vivo toxicity/antitoxicity, genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity and longevity assays were performed using the Drosophila melanogaster model. In addition, cytotoxicity, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, single cell gel electrophoresis and methylation status assays were conducted in the in vitro HL-60 human leukaemia cell line. Our results reported that CAR was neither toxic nor genotoxic and showed antigenotoxic effects in Drosophila. Furthermore, CAR induced cytotoxicity and hipomethylated sat-α repetitive element using HL-60 cell line. In conclusion, the food safety of CAR was demonstrated, since Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) was not reached in toxicity assay and any of the tested concentrations induced mutation rates higher than that of the concurrent control in D. melanogaster. On the other hand, CAR protected DNA from oxidative stress provided by hydrogen peroxide in Drosophila. Moreover, CAR showed chemopreventive activity and modified the methylation status of HL-60 cell line. Nevertheless, much more information about the mechanisms of gene therapies related to epigenetic modulation by food is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mateo-Fernández
- Department of Genetic, Rabanales Campus, University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Pilar Alves-Martínez
- Department of Genetic, Rabanales Campus, University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Celestino
- Agri-Food Laboratory, Council of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development of Andalusia (CAPDER), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Font
- Agri-Food Laboratory, Council of Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development of Andalusia (CAPDER), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetic, Rabanales Campus, University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetic, Rabanales Campus, University of Córdoba (UCO), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Merinas-Amo T, Merinas-Amo R, García-Zorrilla V, Velasco-Ruiz A, Chladek L, Plachy V, Del Río-Celestino M, Font R, Kokoska L, Alonso-Moraga Á. Toxicological Studies of Czech Beers and Their Constituents. Foods 2019; 8:E328. [PMID: 31398837 PMCID: PMC6723778 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Czech beers are unique because they are brewed using specific technology at a particular latitude and for being entirely produced in the area of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this work is the evaluation of toxicological effects of a variety of freeze-dried Czech beers, their raw materials (malts, hops and yeast) and processed-beer (wort, hopped wort and young beer). METHODS In vivo assays to evaluate the safety and protective effects in the Drosophila melanogaster eukaryotic system, and the in vitro evaluations of chemopreventive and DNA damage activity using the HL-60 tumour human cell line were carried out. RESULTS The safe effects for all the analysed substances and general protective effects against H2O2 were shown both at the individual and genomic level in the Drosophila animal model, with some exceptions. Moreover, all the substances were able to inhibit the tumour cell growth and to induce DNA damage in the HL-60 cells at different levels (proapoptotic, single/double strands breaks and methylation status). CONCLUSIONS The promising effects shown by freeze-dried Czech beers due to their safety, protection against a toxin, chemopreventive potential and the induction of DNA damage in tumour cells, allow the proposition of Czech beer as a beverage with nutraceutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Ladislav Chladek
- Research and Teaching Brewery, Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Pargue, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Plachy
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Pargue, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rafael Font
- Agri-Food Laboratory, CAGPDS, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Pargue, Czech Republic
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Demyda-Peyrás S, Merinas-Amo T, Del Río-Celestino M. Nutraceutic Potential of Two Allium Species and Their Distinctive Organosulfur Compounds: A Multi-Assay Evaluation. Foods 2019; 8:foods8060222. [PMID: 31234398 PMCID: PMC6617039 DOI: 10.3390/foods8060222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biological activities of two Allium species (garlic and onion) as well as diallyl disulphide (DADS) and dipropyl disulphide (DPDS) as their representative bioactive compounds in a multi-assay experimental design. The genotoxic, antigenotoxic, and lifespan effects of garlic, onion, DADS, and DPDS were checked in Drosophila melanogaster and their cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and DNA-clastogenic activities were analyzed using HL60 tumoral cells. All compounds were non-genotoxic and antigenotoxic against H2O2-induced DNA damage with a positive dose-response effect and different inhibition percentages (the highest value: 95% for DADS) at all tested concentrations. Daily intake of Allium vegetables, DADS, or DPDS had no positive effects on flies' lifespan and health span. Garlic and DADS exerted the highest cytotoxic effects in a positive dose-dependent manner. Garlic and DADS exerted a DNA-internucleosomal fragmentation as an index of induced proapoptotic activity on HL60 cells. Allium vegetables and DADS were able to induce clastogenic strand breaks in the DNA of HL60 cells. This study showed the genomic safety of the assayed substances and their protective genetic effects against the hydrogen peroxide genotoxine. Long-term treatments during the whole life of the Drosophila genetic model were beneficial only at low-median concentrations. The chemo-preventive activity of garlic could be associated with its distinctive organosulfur DADS. We suggest that supplementary studies are needed to clarify the cell death pathway against garlic and DADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Fernández-Bedmar
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Sebastián Demyda-Peyrás
- Institute of Veterinary Genetics (IGEVET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Toledano Medina MÁ, Merinas-Amo T, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Font R, Del Río-Celestino M, Pérez-Aparicio J, Moreno-Ortega A, Alonso-Moraga Á, Moreno-Rojas R. Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Black and White Garlic: In Vivo and In Vitro Assays. Foods 2019; 8:foods8060220. [PMID: 31234387 PMCID: PMC6617303 DOI: 10.3390/foods8060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
White and three types of black garlic (13, 32, and 45 days of aging, named 0C1, 1C2, and 2C1, respectively) were selected to study possible differences in their nutraceutic potential. For this purpose, garlic were physicochemically characterized (Brix, pH, aW, L, polyphenol, and antioxidant capacity), and both in vivo and in vitro assays were carried out. Black garlic samples showed higher polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity than the white ones. The biological assays showed that none of the samples (neither raw nor black garlic) produced toxic effects in the Drosophila melanogaster animal genetic model, nor exerted protective effects against H2O2, with the exception of the 0C1 black garlic. Moreover, only white garlic was genotoxic at the highest concentration. On the other hand, 0C1 black garlic was the most antigenotoxic substance. The in vivo longevity assays showed significant extension of lifespan at some concentrations of white and 0C1and 1C2 black garlic. The in vitro experiments showed that all of the garlic samples induced a decrease in leukemia cell growth. However, no type of garlic was able to induce proapoptotic internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Taking into account the physicochemical and biological data, black garlic could be considered a potential functional food and used in the preventive treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, our findings could be relevant for black-garlic-processing agrifood companies, as the economical and timing costs can significantly be shortened from 45 to 13 days of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Toledano Medina
- Department of Food Science and Health, IFAPA-Palma del Río, Avda. Rodríguez de la Fuente, s/n, 14700 Palma del Río, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Gregor Mendel Building, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Zahira Fernández-Bedmar
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Gregor Mendel Building, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rafael Font
- Agrifood Laboratory, CAPDER Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Aparicio
- Department of Food Science and Health, IFAPA-Palma del Río, Avda. Rodríguez de la Fuente, s/n, 14700 Palma del Río, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alicia Moreno-Ortega
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Córdoba, Darwin Building, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Food Science and Health, IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Gregor Mendel Building, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rafael Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Córdoba, Darwin Building, Campus Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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15
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Biological Effects of Food Coloring in In Vivo and In Vitro Model Systems. Foods 2019; 8:foods8050176. [PMID: 31137639 PMCID: PMC6560448 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The suitability of certain food colorings is nowadays in discussion because of the effects of these compounds on human health. For this reason, in the present work, the biological effects of six worldwide used food colorings (Riboflavin, Tartrazine, Carminic Acid, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Brilliant Blue FCF) were analyzed using two model systems. (2) Methods: In vivo toxicity, antitoxicity, and longevity assays using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and in vitro cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation, and methylation status assays using HL-60 tumor human cell line were carried out. (3) Results: Our in vivo results showed safe effects in Drosophila for all the food coloring treatments, non-significant protective potential against an oxidative toxin, and different effects on the lifespan of flies. The in vitro results in HL-60 cells, showed that the tested food colorings increased tumor cell growth but did not induce any DNA damage or modifications in the DNA methylation status at their acceptable daily intake (ADI) concentrations. (4) Conclusions: From the in vivo and in vitro studies, these results would support the idea that a high chronic intake of food colorings throughout the entire life is not advisable.
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Hayakawa K, Sekiguchi C, Sokabe M, Ono S, Tatsumi H. Real-Time Single-Molecule Kinetic Analyses of AIP1-Enhanced Actin Filament Severing in the Presence of Cofilin. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:308-322. [PMID: 30439520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement of actin filaments by polymerization, depolymerization, and severing is important for cell locomotion, membrane trafficking, and many other cellular functions. Cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1; also known as WDR1) are evolutionally conserved proteins that cooperatively sever actin filaments. However, little is known about the biophysical basis of the actin filament severing by these proteins. Here, we performed single-molecule kinetic analyses of fluorescently labeled AIP1 during the severing process of cofilin-decorated actin filaments. Results demonstrated that binding of a single AIP molecule was sufficient to enhance filament severing. After AIP1 binding to a filament, severing occurred with a delay of 0.7 s. Kinetics of binding and dissociation of a single AIP1 molecule to/from actin filaments followed a second-order and a first-order kinetics scheme, respectively. AIP1 binding and severing were detected preferentially at the boundary between the cofilin-decorated and bare regions on actin filaments. Based on the kinetic parameters explored in this study, we propose a possible mechanism behind the enhanced severing by AIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihide Hayakawa
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Carina Sekiguchi
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hitoshi Tatsumi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT), Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan.
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17
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Loyer N, Januschke J. The last-born daughter cell contributes to division orientation of Drosophila larval neuroblasts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3745. [PMID: 30218051 PMCID: PMC6138640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the orientation of cell division is important in the context of cell fate choices and tissue morphogenesis. However, the mechanisms providing the required positional information remain incompletely understood. Here we use stem cells of the Drosophila larval brain that stably maintain their axis of polarity and division between cell cycles to identify cues that orient cell division. Using live cell imaging of cultured brains, laser ablation and genetics, we reveal that division axis maintenance relies on their last-born daughter cell. We propose that, in addition to known intrinsic cues, stem cells in the developing fly brain are polarized by an extrinsic signal. We further find that division axis maintenance allows neuroblasts to maximize their contact area with glial cells known to provide protective and proliferative signals to neuroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Loyer
- Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, MSI/WTB3 Complex, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jens Januschke
- Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, MSI/WTB3 Complex, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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18
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AIP1 and cofilin ensure a resistance to tissue tension and promote directional cell rearrangement. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3295. [PMID: 30202062 PMCID: PMC6131156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand how tissue mechanics shapes animal body, it is critical to clarify how cells respond to and resist tissue stress when undergoing morphogenetic processes, such as cell rearrangement. Here, we address the question in the Drosophila wing epithelium, where anisotropic tissue tension orients cell rearrangements. We found that anisotropic tissue tension localizes actin interacting protein 1 (AIP1), a cofactor of cofilin, on the remodeling junction via cooperative binding of cofilin to F-actin. AIP1 and cofilin promote actin turnover and locally regulate the Canoe-mediated linkage between actomyosin and the junction. This mechanism is essential for cells to resist the mechanical load imposed on the remodeling junction perpendicular to the direction of tissue stretching. Thus, the present study delineates how AIP1 and cofilin achieve an optimal balance between resistance to tissue tension and morphogenesis.
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19
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Anter J, Alonso Moraga Á. Anti/genotoxic, longevity inductive, cytotoxic, and clastogenic-related bioactivities of tomato and lycopene. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:427-437. [PMID: 29569272 DOI: 10.1002/em.22185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate some biological activities of tomato as well as lycopene and to consider a new nutraceutic value for this fruit regarding to the protection against genetic damage and as a chemopreventive agent. Genotoxicity, DNA-protection against hydrogen peroxide, and lifespan properties of tomato and lycopene were assessed through wing spot test and longevity assay using the Drosophila in vivo model. Additionally, chemopreventive activity was investigated through cytotoxicity, DNA-fragmentation comet and annexin V FITC/PI assays using HL60 in vitro model. Results showed that: (i) tomato and lycopene are not genotoxic and protect against H2 O2 -induced damage; (ii) with respect to the lifespan, tomato and lycopene are harmless at the lowest concentration; (iii) tomato is cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner, but not lycopene; (iv) tomato and lycopene do not induce internucleosomal DNA-fragmentation although they induce significant clastogenic activity at low level in the leukemia cells. To sum up, tomato is a good candidate to be considered as a nutraceutical substance. Furthermore, synergistic action among other components within tomato matrix could be the cause of the health effects observed in this vegetable, which are not fully explained by lycopene. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:427-437, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Fernández-Bedmar
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Ángeles Alonso Moraga
- Department of Genetics, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
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20
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A cytoskeletal activator and inhibitor are downstream targets of the frizzled/starry night planar cell polarity pathway in the Drosophila epidermis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 137:69-75. [PMID: 29649492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The frizzled pathway regulates the planar polarity of epithelial cells. In insects this is manifested by the polarity of cuticular structures such as hairs (trichomes) and sensory bristles. A variety of evidence has established that this is achieved by regulating the subcellular location for activating the cytoskeleton in the epithelial cells. How this is accomplished is still poorly understood. In the best-studied tissue, the Drosophila pupal wing two important cytoskeletal regulators have been identified. One, shavenoid (sha), appears to be an activator while the second multiple wing hairs (mwh), appears to be an inhibitor. In vitro biochemistry has confirmed that the Multiple Wing Hairs protein inhibits the elongation of F-actin chains and surprisingly that it also bundles F-actin. These two activities can explain the multifaceted mwh mutant phenotype.
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21
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Functions of actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1)/WD repeat protein 1 (WDR1) in actin filament dynamics and cytoskeletal regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 506:315-322. [PMID: 29056508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD-repeat protein 1 (WDR1), are conserved among eukaryotes and play critical roles in dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. AIP1 preferentially promotes disassembly of ADF/cofilin-decorated actin filaments but exhibits minimal effects on bare actin filaments. Therefore, AIP1 has been often considered to be an ancillary co-factor of ADF/cofilin that merely boosts ADF/cofilin activity level. However, genetic and cell biological studies show that AIP1 deficiency often causes lethality or severe abnormalities in multiple tissues and organs including muscle, epithelia, and blood, suggesting that AIP1 is a major regulator of many biological processes that depend on actin dynamics. This review summarizes recent progress in studies on the biochemical mechanism of actin filament severing by AIP1 and in vivo functions of AIP1 in model organisms and human diseases.
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22
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Merinas-Amo T, Tasset-Cuevas I, Díaz-Carretero AM, Alonso-Moraga Á, Calahorro F. Role of Choline in the Modulation of Degenerative Processes: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. J Med Food 2017; 20:223-234. [PMID: 28103133 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the nutraceutical potential of choline as an added value to its well-known brain nutrient role. Several toxicity, antitoxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, and longevity endpoints were checked in the somatic mutation and recombination test in in vivo Drosophila animal model. Cytotoxicity in human leukemia-60 cell line (HL-60) promyelocytic and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, proapoptotic DNA fragmentation, comet assay, methylation status, and macroautophagy (MA) activity were tested in in vitro assays. Choline is not only safe but it is also able to protect against the DNA damage caused by an oxidative genotoxin. Moreover, it improves the life extension in the animal model. The in vitro results show that it is able to exhibit genetic damage against leukemia HL-60 cells. Single-strand breaks in DNA are observed at the molecular level in treatments with choline, although only a significant hypermethylation on the long interspersed elements-1 and a hypomethylation on the satellite-alpha DNA repetitive DNA sequences of HL-60 cells at the lowest concentration (0.447 mM) were observed. Besides, choline decreased MA at the lower assayed concentration and the MA response to topoisomerase inhibitor (etoposide) is maintained in the presence of treatment with 0.22 mM choline. Taking into account the hopeful results obtained in the in vivo and in vitro assays, choline could be proposed as a substance with an important nutraceutical value for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas
- 2 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College , New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonio M Díaz-Carretero
- 2 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College , New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fernando Calahorro
- 3 Faculty of Natural and Environmental Science, Institute of Life Sciences, Center for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton, United Kingdom
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23
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Xiao Y, Ma H, Wan P, Qin D, Wang X, Zhang X, Xiang Y, Liu W, Chen J, Yi Z, Li L. Trp-Asp (WD) Repeat Domain 1 Is Essential for Mouse Peri-implantation Development and Regulates Cofilin Phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1438-1448. [PMID: 27994054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trp-Asp (WD) repeat domain 1 (WDR1) is a highly conserved actin-binding protein across all eukaryotes and is involved in numerous actin-based processes by accelerating Cofilin severing actin filament. However, the function and the mechanism of WDR1 in mammalian early development are still largely unclear. We now report that WDR1 is essential for mouse peri-implantation development and regulates Cofilin phosphorylation in mouse cells. The disruption of maternal WDR1 does not obviously affect ovulation and female fertility. However, depletion of zygotic WDR1 results in embryonic lethality at the peri-implantation stage. In WDR1 knock-out cells, we found that WDR1 regulates Cofilin phosphorylation. Interestingly, WDR1 is overdosed to regulate Cofilin phosphorylation in mouse cells. Furthermore, we showed that WDR1 interacts with Lim domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a well known phosphorylation kinase of Cofilin. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the role and mechanism of WDR1 in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing.,the Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Haixia Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing.,the Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Ping Wan
- the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, and
| | - Dandan Qin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing.,the Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing.,the Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing
| | - Yunlong Xiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing
| | - Wenbo Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing
| | - Jiong Chen
- the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, and
| | - Zhaohong Yi
- the Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, .,the Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
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In vivo and in vitro studies of the role of lyophilised blond Lager beer and some bioactive components in the modulation of degenerative processes. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Alonso-Moraga A. In vivo and in vitro evaluation for nutraceutical purposes of capsaicin, capsanthin, lutein and four pepper varieties. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:89-99. [PMID: 27746329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the nutraceutic potential of different Capsicum sp, capsaicin, capsanthin and lutein and provide data in order to clarify the conflicting results obtained for capsaicin by different authors. To achieve these objectives, in vivo (geno/antigenotoxicity and lifespan assays in the animal model Drosophila) and in vitro (cytotoxicity and DNA-fragmentation assays in HL60 promyelocytic cell line) assays were carried out. Results showed that i) none of the tested substances were genotoxic except green hot pepper and capsaicin at the highest tested concentration (5 mg/mL and 11.5 μM respectively), ii) all tested substances except green hot pepper are antimutagenic against H2O2-induced damage, iii) only red sweet pepper significantly extend the lifespan and healthspan of D. melanogaster at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, iv) all pepper varieties induce dose-depended cytotoxic effect in HL60 cells with different IC50, and v) all pepper varieties and capsaicin exerted proapoptotic effect on HL60 cells. IN CONCLUSION (i) sweet peppers could be suggested as nutraceutical food, (ii) hot peppers should be moderately consumed, and (iii) supplementary studies are necessary to clarify the synergic effect of the carotenoids and capsaicinoids in the hot pepper food matrix.
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Grintsevich EE, Yesilyurt HG, Rich SK, Hung RJ, Terman JR, Reisler E. F-actin dismantling through a redox-driven synergy between Mical and cofilin. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:876-85. [PMID: 27454820 PMCID: PMC4966907 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous cellular functions depend on actin filament (F-actin) disassembly. The
best-characterized disassembly proteins, the ADF/cofilins/twinstar, sever filaments and
recycle monomers to promote actin assembly. Cofilin is also a relatively weak actin
disassembler, posing questions about mechanisms of cellular F-actin destabilization. Here
we uncover a key link to targeted F-actin disassembly by finding that F-actin is
efficiently dismantled through a post-translational-mediated synergism between cofilin and
the actin-oxidizing enzyme Mical. We find that Mical-mediated oxidation of actin improves
cofilin binding to filaments, where their combined effect dramatically accelerates F-actin
disassembly compared to either effector alone. This synergism is also necessary and
sufficient for F-actin disassembly in vivo, magnifying the effects of
both Mical and cofilin on cellular remodeling, axon guidance, and Semaphorin/Plexin
repulsion. Mical and cofilin, therefore, form a Redox-dependent synergistic pair that
promotes F-actin instability by rapidly dismantling F-actin and generating
post-translationally modified actin that has altered assembly properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Grintsevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hunkar Gizem Yesilyurt
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Shannon K Rich
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan R Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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In Vivo and In Vitro Genotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7574843. [PMID: 27471731 PMCID: PMC4947684 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7574843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the biological and food safety of two different beverages: Classic Coca Cola™ (CCC) and Caffeine-Free Coca Cola (CFCC). To this end, we determined the genotoxicological and biological effects of different doses of lyophilised CCC and CFCC and Caffeine (CAF), the main distinctive constituent. Their toxic/antitoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic, and chronic toxicity (lifespan assay) effects were determined in vivo using the Drosophila model. Their cytotoxic activities were determined using the HL-60 in vitro cancer model. In addition, clastogenic DNA toxicity was measured using internucleosomal fragmentation and SCGE assays. Their epigenetic effects were assessed on the HL-60 methylation status using some repetitive elements. The experimental results showed a slight chemopreventive effect of the two cola beverages against HL-60 leukaemia cells, probably mediated by nonapoptotic mechanisms. Finally, CCC and CAF induced a global genome hypomethylation evaluated in LINE-1 and Alu M1 repetitive elements. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time the safety of this famous beverage in in vivo and in vitro models.
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28
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Lozano-Baena MD, Tasset I, Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga Á, de Haro-Bailón A. Cancer Prevention and Health Benefices of Traditionally Consumed Borago officinalis Plants. Nutrients 2016; 8:E48. [PMID: 26797631 PMCID: PMC4728661 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, healthy eating is increasing the demand of functional foods by societies as sources of bioactive products with healthy qualities. For this reason, we tested the safety of the consumption of Borago officinalis L. and its main phenolic components as well as the possibility of its use as a nutraceutical plant to help in cancer prevention. The in vivo Drosophila Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) and in vitro HL-60 human cell systems were performed, as well-recognized methods for testing genotoxicity/cytotoxicity of bioactive compounds and plant products. B. officinalis and the tested compounds possess antigenotoxic activity. Moreover, B. officinalis wild type cultivar exerts the most antigenotoxic values. Cytotoxic effect was probed for both cultivars with IC50 values of 0.49 and 0.28 mg · mL(-1) for wild type and cultivated plants respectively, as well as their constituent rosmarinic acid and the assayed phenolic mixture (IC50 = 0.07 and 0.04 mM respectively). B. officinalis exerts DNA protection and anticarcinogenic effects as do its component rosmarinic acid and the mixture of the main phenolics presented in the plant. In conclusion, the results showed that B. officinalis may represent a high value plant for pleiotropic uses and support its consumption as a nutraceutical plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Lozano-Baena
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba E-14004, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Andrés Muñoz-Serrano
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba 14014, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, Gregor Mendel Building, Faculty of Science, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba 14014, Spain.
| | - Antonio de Haro-Bailón
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba E-14004, Spain.
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Abstract
In development, cells organize into biological tissues through cell growth, migration, and differentiation. Globally, this process is dictated by a genetically encoded program in which secreted morphogens and cell-cell interactions prompt the adoption of unique cell fates. Yet, at its lowest level, development is achieved through the modification of cell-cell adhesion and actomyosin-based contractility, which set the level of tension within cells and dictate how they pack together into tissues. The regulation of tension within individual cells and across large groups of cells is a major driving force of tissue organization and the basis of all cell shape change and cell movement in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Heller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Neustein Chemers Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Neustein Chemers Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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30
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Fang Y, Feng M, Han B, Qi Y, Hu H, Fan P, Huo X, Meng L, Li J. Proteome Analysis Unravels Mechanism Underling the Embryogenesis of the Honeybee Drone and Its Divergence with the Worker (Apis mellifera lingustica). J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4059-71. [PMID: 26260241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The worker and drone bees each contain a separate diploid and haploid genetic makeup, respectively. Mechanisms regulating the embryogenesis of the drone and its mechanistic difference with the worker are still poorly understood. The proteomes of the two embryos at three time-points throughout development were analyzed by applying mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified 2788 and 2840 proteins in the worker and drone embryos, respectively. The age-dependent proteome driving the drone embryogenesis generally follows the worker's. The two embryos however evolve a distinct proteome setting to prime their respective embryogenesis. The strongly expressed proteins and pathways related to transcriptional-translational machinery and morphogenesis at 24 h drone embryo relative to the worker, illustrating the earlier occurrence of morphogenesis in the drone than worker. These morphogenesis differences remain through to the middle-late stage in the two embryos. The two embryos employ distinct antioxidant mechanisms coinciding with the temporal-difference organogenesis. The drone embryo's strongly expressed cytoskeletal proteins signify key roles to match its large body size. The RNAi induced knockdown of the ribosomal protein offers evidence for the functional investigation of gene regulating of honeybee embryogenesis. The data significantly expand novel regulatory mechanisms governing the embryogenesis, which is potentially important for honeybee and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Mao Feng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bin Han
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuping Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Pei Fan
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xinmei Huo
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100093, China
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31
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Xu J, Wan P, Wang M, Zhang J, Gao X, Hu B, Han J, Chen L, Sun K, Wu J, Wu X, Huang X, Chen J. AIP1-mediated actin disassembly is required for postnatal germ cell migration and spermatogonial stem cell niche establishment. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1818. [PMID: 26181199 PMCID: PMC4650729 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) arise from early germ cells called gonocytes, which are derived from primordial germ cells during embryogenesis and remain quiescent until birth. After birth, these germ cells migrate from the center of testicular cord, through Sertoli cells, and toward the basement membrane to form the SSC pool and establish the SSC niche architecture. However, molecular mechanisms underlying germ cell migration and niche establishment are largely unknown. Here, we show that the actin disassembly factor actin interacting protein 1 (AIP1) is required in both germ cells and Sertoli cells to regulate this process. Germ cell-specific or Sertoli cell-specific deletion of Aip1 gene each led to significant defects in germ cell migration after postnatal day 4 or 5, accompanied by elevated levels of actin filaments (F-actin) in the affected cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that interaction between germ cells and Sertoli cells, likely through E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, is critical for germ cells' migration toward the basement membrane. At last, Aip1 deletion in Sertoli cells decreased SSC self-renewal, increased spermatogonial differentiation, but did not affect the expression and secretion levels of growth factors, suggesting that the disruption of SSC function results from architectural changes in the postnatal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - P Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - B Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - K Sun
- Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wu
- Bio-X Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Lu Q, Schafer DA, Adler PN. The Drosophila planar polarity gene multiple wing hairs directly regulates the actin cytoskeleton. Development 2015; 142:2478-86. [PMID: 26153232 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved frizzled/starry night (fz/stan) pathway regulates planar cell polarity (PCP) in vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway has been extensively studied in the Drosophila wing, where it is manifested by an array of distally pointing cuticular hairs. Using in vivo imaging we found that, early in hair growth, cells have multiple actin bundles and hairs that subsequently fuse into a single growing hair. The downstream PCP gene multiple wing hairs (mwh) plays a key role in this process and acts to antagonize the actin cytoskeleton. In mwh mutants hair initiation is not limited to a small region at the distal edge of pupal wing cells as in wild type, resulting in multiple hairs with aberrant polarity. Extra actin bundles/hairs are formed and do not completely fuse, in contrast to wild type. As development proceeded additional hairs continued to form, further increasing hair number. We identified a fragment of Mwh with in vivo rescue activity and that bound and bundled F-actin filaments and inhibited actin polymerization in in vitro actin assays. The loss of these activities can explain the mwh mutant phenotype. Our data suggest a model whereby, prior to hair initiation, proximally localized Mwh inhibits actin polymerization resulting in polarized activation of the cytoskeleton and hair formation on the distal side of wing cells. During hair growth Mwh is found in growing hairs, where we suggest it functions to promote the fusion of actin bundles and inhibit the formation of additional actin bundles that could lead to extra hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuheng Lu
- Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Dorothy A Schafer
- Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Paul N Adler
- Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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33
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Wdr1-mediated cell shape dynamics and cortical tension are essential for epidermal planar cell polarity. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:592-604. [PMID: 25915128 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During mouse development, core planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins become polarized in the epidermal plane to guide angling/morphogenesis of hair follicles. How PCP is established is poorly understood. Here, we identify a key role for Wdr1 (also known as Aip1), an F-actin-binding protein that enhances cofilin/destrin-mediated F-actin disassembly. We show that cofilin and destrin function redundantly in developing epidermis, but their combined depletion perturbs cell adhesion, cytokinesis, apicobasal polarity and PCP. Although Wdr1 depletion accentuates single-loss-of-cofilin/destrin phenotypes, alone it resembles core PCP mutations. Seeking a mechanism, we find that Wdr1 and cofilin/destrin-mediated actomyosin remodelling are essential for generating or maintaining cortical tension within the developing epidermal sheet and driving the cell shape and planar orientation changes that accompany establishment of PCP in mammalian epidermis. Our findings suggest intriguing evolutionary parallels but mechanistic modifications to the distal wing hinge-mediated mechanical forces that drive cell shape change and orient PCP in the Drosophila wing disc.
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34
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Ohashi K. Roles of cofilin in development and its mechanisms of regulation. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:275-90. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Ohashi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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35
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Lu Q, Adler PN. The diaphanous gene of Drosophila interacts antagonistically with multiple wing hairs and plays a key role in wing hair morphogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115623. [PMID: 25730111 PMCID: PMC4346269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila wing is covered by an array of distally pointing hairs that has served as a key model system for studying planar cell polarity (PCP). The adult cuticular hairs are formed in the pupae from cell extensions that contain extensive actin filaments and microtubules. The importance of the actin cytoskeleton for hair growth and morphogenesis is clear from the wide range of phenotypes seen in mutations in well-known actin regulators. Formin proteins promote the formation of long actin filaments of the sort thought to be important for hair growth. We report here that the formin encoding diaphanous (dia) gene plays a key role in hair morphogenesis. Both loss of function mutations and the expression of a constitutively active Dia led to cells forming both morphologically abnormal hairs and multiple hairs. The conserved frizzled (fz)/starry night (stan) PCP pathway functions to restrict hair initiation and activation of the cytoskeleton to the distal most part of wing cells. It also ensures the formation of a single hair per cell. Our data suggest that the localized inhibition of Dia activity may be part of this mechanism. We found the expression of constitutively active Dia greatly expands the region for activation of the cytoskeleton and that dia functions antagonistically with multiple wing hairs (mwh), the most downstream member of the fz/stan pathway. Further we established that purified fragments of Dia and Mwh could be co-immunoprecipitated suggesting the genetic interaction could reflect a direct physical interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuheng Lu
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul N. Adler
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Cell Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Chen Q, Courtemanche N, Pollard TD. Aip1 promotes actin filament severing by cofilin and regulates constriction of the cytokinetic contractile ring. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2289-300. [PMID: 25451933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aip1 (actin interacting protein 1) is ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms, where it cooperates with cofilin to disassemble actin filaments, but neither its mechanism of action nor its biological functions have been clear. We purified both fission yeast and human Aip1 and investigated their biochemical activities with or without cofilin. Both types of Aip1 bind actin filaments with micromolar affinities and weakly nucleate actin polymerization. Aip1 increases up to 12-fold the rate that high concentrations of yeast or human cofilin sever actin filaments, most likely by competing with cofilin for binding to the side of actin filaments, reducing the occupancy of the filaments by cofilin to a range favorable for severing. Aip1 does not cap the barbed ends of filaments severed by cofilin. Fission yeast lacking Aip1 are viable and assemble cytokinetic contractile rings normally, but rings in these Δaip1 cells accumulate 30% less myosin II. Further, these mutant cells initiate the ingression of cleavage furrows earlier than normal, shortening the stage of cytokinetic ring maturation by 50%. The Δaip1 mutation has negative genetic interactions with deletion mutations of both capping protein subunits and cofilin mutations with severing defects, but no genetic interaction with deletion of coronin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- From the Departments of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology
| | | | - Thomas D Pollard
- From the Departments of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, and Cell Biology Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103
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37
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Kiefer CS, Claes AR, Nzayisenga JC, Pietra S, Stanislas T, Hüser A, Ikeda Y, Grebe M. Arabidopsis AIP1-2 restricted by WER-mediated patterning modulates planar polarity. Development 2014; 142:151-61. [PMID: 25428588 PMCID: PMC4299142 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of cell polarity within the plane of the tissue layer (planar polarity) is crucial for the development of diverse multicellular organisms. Small Rac/Rho-family GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton contribute to planar polarity formation at sites of polarity establishment in animals and plants. Yet, upstream pathways coordinating planar polarity differ strikingly between kingdoms. In the root of Arabidopsis thaliana, a concentration gradient of the phytohormone auxin coordinates polar recruitment of Rho-of-plant (ROP) to sites of polar epidermal hair initiation. However, little is known about cytoskeletal components and interactions that contribute to this planar polarity or about their relation to the patterning machinery. Here, we show that ACTIN7 (ACT7) represents a main actin isoform required for planar polarity of root hair positioning, interacting with the negative modulator ACTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN1-2 (AIP1-2). ACT7, AIP1-2 and their genetic interaction are required for coordinated planar polarity of ROP downstream of ethylene signalling. Strikingly, AIP1-2 displays hair cell file-enriched expression, restricted by WEREWOLF (WER)-dependent patterning and modified by ethylene and auxin action. Hence, our findings reveal AIP1-2, expressed under control of the WER-dependent patterning machinery and the ethylene signalling pathway, as a modulator of actin-mediated planar polarity. Summary: Planar polarity in Arabidopsis is shaped by ACTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN1-2, which is under the control of WEREWOLF-dependent patterning and ethylene signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Kiefer
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Andrea R Claes
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Nzayisenga
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Stefano Pietra
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Thomas Stanislas
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Anke Hüser
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Yoshihisa Ikeda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden
| | - Markus Grebe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90 187, Sweden Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany
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Nadkarni AV, Brieher WM. Aip1 destabilizes cofilin-saturated actin filaments by severing and accelerating monomer dissociation from ends. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2749-57. [PMID: 25448002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depolymerization of actin filaments is vital for the morphogenesis of dynamic cytoskeletal arrays and actin-dependent cell motility. Cofilin is necessary for actin disassembly in cells, and it severs filaments most efficiently at low cofilin to actin ratios, whereas higher concentrations of cofilin suppress severing. However, the cofilin concentration in thymocytes is too high to allow the severing of single-actin filaments. RESULTS We observed that filaments sever efficiently in thymus cytosol. We identified Aip1 as a critical factor responsible for the severing and destabilization of actin filaments even in the presence of high amounts of cofilin. By fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based spectroscopy and single-filament imaging of actin, we show that, besides driving the rapid severing of cofilin-actin filaments, Aip1 also augments the monomer dissociation rate at both the barbed and pointed ends of actin. Our results also demonstrate that Aip1 does not cap the barbed ends of actin filaments, as was previously thought. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Aip1 is a cofilin-dependent actin depolymerization factor and not a barbed-end-capping factor as was previously thought. Aip1 inverts the rules of cofilin-mediated actin disassembly such that increasing ratios of cofilin to actin now result in filament destabilization through faster severing and accelerated monomer loss from barbed and pointed ends. Aip1 therefore offers a potential control point for disassembly mechanisms in cells to switch from a regime of cofilin-saturation and stabilization to one that favors fast disassembly and destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika V Nadkarni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - William M Brieher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Poukkula M, Hakala M, Pentinmikko N, Sweeney MO, Jansen S, Mattila J, Hietakangas V, Goode BL, Lappalainen P. GMF promotes leading-edge dynamics and collective cell migration in vivo. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2533-40. [PMID: 25308079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lamellipodia are dynamic actin-rich cellular extensions that drive advancement of the leading edge during cell migration. Lamellipodia undergo periodic extension and retraction cycles, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these dynamics and their role in cell migration have remained obscure. We show that glia-maturation factor (GMF), which is an Arp2/3 complex inhibitor and actin filament debranching factor, regulates lamellipodial protrusion dynamics in living cells. In cultured S2R(+) cells, GMF silencing resulted in an increase in the width of lamellipodial actin filament arrays. Importantly, live-cell imaging of mutant Drosophila egg chambers revealed that the dynamics of actin-rich protrusions in migrating border cells is diminished in the absence of GMF. Consequently, velocity of border cell clusters undergoing guided migration was reduced in GMF mutant flies. Furthermore, genetic studies demonstrated that GMF cooperates with the Drosophila homolog of Aip1 (flare) in promoting disassembly of Arp2/3-nucleated actin filament networks and driving border cell migration. These data suggest that GMF functions in vivo to promote the disassembly of Arp2/3-nucleated actin filament arrays, making an important contribution to cell migration within a 3D tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Poukkula
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Hakala
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nalle Pentinmikko
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meredith O Sweeney
- Rosenstiel Center for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Silvia Jansen
- Rosenstiel Center for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Jaakko Mattila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Rosenstiel Center for Basic Biomedical Research, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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40
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Ono K, Ono S. Two actin-interacting protein 1 isoforms function redundantly in the somatic gonad and are essential for reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2013; 71:36-45. [PMID: 24130131 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The somatic gonad of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits highly regulated contractility during ovulation, which is essential for successful reproduction. Nonstriated actin filament networks in the myoepithelial sheath at the proximal ovary provide contractile forces to push a mature oocyte for ovulation, but the mechanism of assembly and regulation of the contractile actin networks is poorly understood. Here, we show that actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1) is essential for the assembly of the contractile actin networks in the myoepithelial sheath. AIP1 promotes disassembly of actin filaments in the presence of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin. C. elegans has two AIP1 genes, unc-78 and aipl-1. Mutation or RNA interference of a single AIP1 isoform causes only minor impacts on reproduction. However, simultaneous depletion of the two AIP1 isoforms causes sterility. AIP1-depleted animals show very weak contractility of the myoepithelial sheath and fail to ovulate a mature oocyte, which results in accumulation of endomitotic oocytes in the ovary. Depletion of AIP1 prevents assembly of actin networks and causes abnormal aggregation of actin as well as ADF/cofilin in the myoepithelial sheath. These results indicate that two AIP1 isoforms have redundant roles in assembly of the contractile apparatuses necessary for C. elegans reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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41
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Song JJ, Adler HJ, Lee HS, Jang JH, Park MH, Lee JH, Chang SO, Oh SH. WDR1 expression in normal and noise-damaged Sprague-Dawley rat cochleae. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1470-81. [PMID: 22821633 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
WD40 repeat protein 1 (WDR1) has been suggested as a protective mechanism or a sign of regeneration in avian cochlea. However, its role in mammalian cochlea has yet to be determined. Hence, we investigated WDR1 expression in sound-overstimulated Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into three groups (the permanent and temporary threshold shift [PTS and TTS] groups and the control group) according to the extent of noise exposure and euthanized immediately, 3, or 7 days after noise exposure for cochlear harvest. Immunocytochemistry localized WDR1 to outer hair cells, Deiter's cells, outer sulcus cells, and Reissner's membrane in the control group, and the PTS and TTS groups exhibited stronger WDR1 expression in the same cochlear regions than the controls. Moreover, WDR1 expression in these noise-exposed groups was extended to inner hair cells and basal cells of the stria vascularis. The expression of WDR1 in the PTS and TTS groups showed differences in intensity and shifts of localization, based on exposure length and recovery duration. Contrary to the avian cochlea, hair cell regeneration does not naturally occur in the acoustically damaged mammalian cochlea. Therefore, elevated WDR1 expression after acoustic overstimulation in the current experiments may provide a mechanism for protection against noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jin Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-and-Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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42
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Adler PN, Sobala LF, Thom D, Nagaraj R. dusky-like is required to maintain the integrity and planar cell polarity of hairs during the development of the Drosophila wing. Dev Biol 2013; 379:76-91. [PMID: 23623898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cuticular hairs and sensory bristles that decorate the adult Drosophila epidermis and the denticles found on the embryo have been used in studies on planar cell polarity and as models for the cytoskeletal mediated morphogenesis of cellular extensions. ZP domain proteins have recently been found to be important for the morphogenesis of both denticles and bristles. Here we show that the ZP domain protein Dusky-like is a key player in hair morphogenesis. As is the case in bristles, in hairs dyl mutants display a dramatic phenotype that is the consequence of a failure to maintain the integrity of the extension after outgrowth. Hairs lacking dyl function are split, thinned, multipled and often very short. dyl is required for normal chitin deposition in hairs, but chitin is not required for the normal accumulation of Dyl, hence dyl acts upstream of chitin. A lack of chitin however, does not mimic the dyl hair phenotype, thus Dyl must have other targets in hair morphogenesis. One of these appears to be the actin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, dyl mutants also display a unique planar cell polarity phenotype that is distinct from that seen with mutations in the frizzled/starry night or dachsous/fat pathway genes. Rab11 was previously found to be essential for Dyl plasma membrane localization in bristles. Here we found that the expression of a dominant negative Rab11 can mimic the dyl hair morphology phenotype consistent with Rab11 also being required for Dyl function in hairs. We carried out a small directed screen to identify genes that might function with dyl and identified Chitinase 6 (Cht6) as a strong candidate, as knocking down Cht6 function led to weak versions of all of the dyl hair phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Adler
- Biology Department, Institute for Morphogenesis and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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43
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Tasset-Cuevas I, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Lozano-Baena MD, Campos-Sánchez J, de Haro-Bailón A, Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga A. Protective effect of borage seed oil and gamma linolenic acid on DNA: in vivo and in vitro studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56986. [PMID: 23460824 PMCID: PMC3584109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed oil has been used as a treatment for various degenerative diseases. Many useful properties of this oil are attributed to its high gamma linolenic acid content (GLA, 18:3 ω-6). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and suitability of the use of borage seed oil, along with one of its active components, GLA, with respect to DNA integrity, and to establish possible in vivo toxic and in vitro cytotoxic effects. In order to measure these properties, five types of assays were carried out: toxicity, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity (using the promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 cell line), and life span (in vivo analysis using the Drosophila model). Results showed that i) Borage seed oil is not toxic to D. melanogaster at physiological concentrations below 125 µl/ml and the studies on GLA indicated non-toxicity at the lowest concentration analyzed ii) Borage seed oil and GLA are DNA safe (non-genotoxic) and antimutagenic compared to hydrogen peroxide, thereby confirming its antioxidant capacity; iii) Borage seed oil and GLA exhibited cytotoxic activity in low doses (IC50 of 1 µl/ml and 0.087 mM, respectively) iv) Low doses of borage seed oil (0.19%) increased the health span of D. melanogaster; and v) GLA significantly decreased the life span of D. melanogaster. Based on the antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects along with the ability to increase the health span, we propose supplementation with borage seed oil rather than GLA, because it protects DNA by modulating oxidative genetic damage in D. melanogaster, increases the health span and exerts cytotoxic activity towards promyelocytic HL60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Tasset-Cuevas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba (IMIBIC/Universidad de Córdoba), Córdoba, España.
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44
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Chu D, Pan H, Wan P, Wu J, Luo J, Zhu H, Chen J. AIP1 acts with cofilin to control actin dynamics during epithelial morphogenesis. Development 2012; 139:3561-71. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.079491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During epithelial morphogenesis, cells not only maintain tight adhesion for epithelial integrity but also allow dynamic intercellular movement to take place within cell sheets. How these seemingly opposing processes are coordinated is not well understood. Here, we report that the actin disassembly factors AIP1 and cofilin are required for remodeling of adherens junctions (AJs) during ommatidial precluster formation in Drosophila eye epithelium, a highly stereotyped cell rearrangement process which we describe in detail in our live imaging study. AIP1 is enriched together with F-actin in the apical region of preclusters, whereas cofilin displays a diffuse and uniform localization pattern. Cofilin overexpression completely rescues AJ remodeling defects caused by AIP1 loss of function, and cofilin physically interacts with AIP1. Pharmacological reduction of actin turnover results in similar AJ remodeling defects and decreased turnover of E-cadherin, which also results from AIP1 deficiency, whereas an F-actin-destabilizing drug affects AJ maintenance and epithelial integrity. Together with other data on actin polymerization, our results suggest that AIP1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly in the apical region of precluster cells to promote remodeling of AJs and thus intercellular movement, but also that robust actin polymerization promotes AJ general adhesion and integrity during the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chu
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hanshuang Pan
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Model Animal Research Center, and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
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45
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Villatoro-Pulido M, Font R, Saha S, Obregón-Cano S, Anter J, Muñoz-Serrano A, De Haro-Bailón A, Alonso-Moraga A, Del Río-Celestino M. In vivo biological activity of rocket extracts (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell) and sulforaphane. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1384-92. [PMID: 22369966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Eruca is thought to be an excellent source of antioxidants like phenolic compounds, carotenoids, glucosinolates and their degradation products, such as isothiocyanates. Sulforaphane is one of the most potent indirect antioxidants of Eruca isolated until the date. In this work we investigate: (i) the safety and DNA protective activity of Eruca extracts and sulforaphane (under and without oxidative stress) in Drosophila melanogaster; and (ii) the influence on D. melanogaster life span treated with Eruca extracts and sulforaphane. Our results showed that among the four concentrations of Eruca extracts tested (from 0.625 to 5mg/ml), intermediate concentrations of the Es2 accession (1.25 and 2.5mg/ml) exhibited no genotoxic activity, as well as antigenotoxic activity (inhibition rate of 0.2-0.6) and the lowest concentration of Es2 and Es4 accessions (0.625 mg/ml) also enhanced the health span portion of the live span curves. Sulforaphane presented a high antigenotoxic activity in the SMART test of D. melanogaster and intermediate concentrations of this compound (3.75 μM) enhanced average healthspan. The results of this study indicate the presence of potent antigenotoxic factors in rocket, which are being explored further for their mechanism of action.
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46
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Abstract
Drosophila has been the key model system for studies on planar cell polarity (PCP). The rich morphology of the insect exoskeleton contains many structures that display PCP. Among these are the trichomes (cuticular hairs) that cover much of the exoskeleton, sensory bristles, and ommatidia. Many genes have been identified that must function for the development of normal PCP. Among these are the genes that comprise the frizzled/starry night (fz/stan) and dachsous/fat pathways. The mechanisms that underlie the function of the fz/stan pathway are best understood. All of the protein products of these genes accumulate asymmetrically in wing cells and there is good evidence that this involves local intercellular signaling between protein complexes on the distal edge of one cell and the juxtaposed proximal edge of its neighbor. It is thought that a feedback system, directed transport, and stabilizing protein-protein interactions mediate the formation of distal and proximal protein complexes. These complexes appear to recruit downstream proteins that function to spatially restrict the activation of the cytoskeleton in wing cells. This leads to the formation of the array of distally pointing hairs found on wings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Adler
- Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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47
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Augustine RC, Pattavina KA, Tüzel E, Vidali L, Bezanilla M. Actin interacting protein1 and actin depolymerizing factor drive rapid actin dynamics in Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3696-710. [PMID: 22003077 PMCID: PMC3229144 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.090753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The remodeling of actin networks is required for a variety of cellular processes in eukaryotes. In plants, several actin binding proteins have been implicated in remodeling cortical actin filaments (F-actin). However, the extent to which these proteins support F-actin dynamics in planta has not been tested. Using reverse genetics, complementation analyses, and cell biological approaches, we assessed the in vivo function of two actin turnover proteins: actin interacting protein1 (AIP1) and actin depolymerizing factor (ADF). We report that AIP1 is a single-copy gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens. AIP1 knockout plants are viable but have reduced expansion of tip-growing cells. AIP1 is diffusely cytosolic and functions in a common genetic pathway with ADF to promote tip growth. Specifically, ADF can partially compensate for loss of AIP1, and AIP1 requires ADF for function. Consistent with a role in actin remodeling, AIP1 knockout lines accumulate F-actin bundles, have fewer dynamic ends, and have reduced severing frequency. Importantly, we demonstrate that AIP1 promotes and ADF is essential for cortical F-actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Augustine
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Kelli A. Pattavina
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- Address correspondence to
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48
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Poukkula M, Kremneva E, Serlachius M, Lappalainen P. Actin-depolymerizing factor homology domain: a conserved fold performing diverse roles in cytoskeletal dynamics. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:471-90. [PMID: 21850706 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Actin filaments form contractile and protrusive structures that play central roles in many processes such as cell migration, morphogenesis, endocytosis, and cytokinesis. During these processes, the dynamics of the actin filaments are precisely regulated by a large array of actin-binding proteins. The actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domain is a structurally conserved protein motif, which promotes cytoskeletal dynamics by interacting with monomeric and/or filamentous actin, and with the Arp2/3 complex. Despite their structural homology, the five classes of ADF-H domain proteins display distinct biochemical activities and cellular roles, only parts of which are currently understood. ADF/cofilin promotes disassembly of aged actin filaments, whereas twinfilin inhibits actin filament assembly via sequestering actin monomers and interacting with filament barbed ends. GMF does not interact with actin, but instead binds Arp2/3 complex and promotes dissociation of Arp2/3-mediated filament branches. Abp1 and drebrin are multidomain proteins that interact with actin filaments and regulate the activities of other proteins during various actin-dependent processes. The exact function of coactosin is currently incompletely understood. In this review article, we discuss the biochemical functions, cellular roles, and regulation of the five groups of ADF-H domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Poukkula
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Ono S, Nomura K, Hitosugi S, Tu DK, Lee JA, Baillie DL, Ono K. The two actin-interacting protein 1 genes have overlapping and essential function for embryonic development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:2258-69. [PMID: 21551072 PMCID: PMC3128528 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disassembly of actin filaments by actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1) is a conserved mechanism to promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. We previously reported that unc-78, an AIP1 gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is required for organized assembly of sarcomeric actin filaments in the body wall muscle. unc-78 functions in larval and adult muscle, and an unc-78-null mutant is homozygous viable and shows only weak phenotypes in embryos. Here we report that a second AIP1 gene, aipl-1 (AIP1-like gene-1), has overlapping function with unc-78, and that depletion of the two AIP1 isoforms causes embryonic lethality. A single aipl-1-null mutation did not cause a detectable phenotype. However, depletion of both unc-78 and aipl-1 arrested development at late embryonic stages due to severe disorganization of sarcomeric actin filaments in body wall muscle. In vitro, both AIPL-1 and UNC-78 preferentially cooperated with UNC-60B, a muscle-specific ADF/cofilin isoform, in actin filament disassembly but not with UNC-60A, a nonmuscle ADF/cofilin. AIPL-1 is expressed in embryonic muscle, and forced expression of AIPL-1 in adult muscle compensated for the function of UNC-78. Thus our results suggest that enhancement of actin filament disassembly by ADF/cofilin and AIP1 proteins is critical for embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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50
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Anter J, de La Cruz-Ares S, Muñoz-Serrano A, Alonso-Moraga A, Pérez-Guisado J. Role of citrus juices and distinctive components in the modulation of degenerative processes: genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and longevity in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:1052-1066. [PMID: 21707429 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.582306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that breakfast beverages contain high quantities of Citrus juices. The purpose of the present study was to assess the nutraceutical value of orange and lemon juices as well as two of their active compounds: hesperidin and limonene. Indicator assays were performed at three levels to evaluate different biological health promoter activities: (i) determination of the safety and DNA-damage protecting ability against free radicals by using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, (ii) study of the modulating role for life span in Drosophila melanogaster, and (iii) measurement of the cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell line HL60. The highest concentrations assayed for lemon juice and limonene (50% v/v and 0.73 mM, respectively) showed genotoxic activity as evidenced from SMART. Orange and lemon juices as well as hesperidin and limonene exhibit antigenotoxic activity against hydrogen peroxide used as an oxidative genotoxin. Life-span experiments revealed that the lower concentrations of orange juice, hesperidin, and limonene exerted a positive influence on the life span of Drosophila. Finally all substances showed cytotoxic activity, with hesperidin being least active. Taking into account the safety, antigenotoxicity, longevity, and cytotoxicity data obtained in the different assays, orange juice may be a candidate as a nutraceutical food as it (1) is not genotoxic, (2) is able to protect DNA against free radicals, and (3) inhibits growth of tumor cells.
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