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Ortiz-Vega N, Lobato AG, Canic T, Zhu Y, Lazopulo S, Syed S, Zhai RG. Regulation of proteostasis by sleep through autophagy in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402681. [PMID: 39237365 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythm dysfunctions are common clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence suggests that in addition to being a symptom, sleep disturbances can also drive the progression of neurodegeneration. Protein aggregation is a pathological hallmark of AD; however, the molecular pathways behind how sleep affects protein homeostasis remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that sleep modulation influences proteostasis and the progression of neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of tauopathy. We show that sleep deprivation enhanced Tau aggregational toxicity resulting in exacerbated synaptic degeneration. In contrast, sleep induction using gaboxadol led to reduced toxic Tau accumulation in neurons as a result of modulated autophagic flux and enhanced clearance of ubiquitinated Tau, suggesting altered protein processing and clearance that resulted in improved synaptic integrity and function. These findings highlight the complex relationship between sleep and regulation of protein homeostasis and the neuroprotective potential of sleep-enhancing therapeutics to slow the progression or delay the onset of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ortiz-Vega
- https://ror.org/024mw5h28 Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amanda G Lobato
- https://ror.org/024mw5h28 Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tijana Canic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sheyum Syed
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - R Grace Zhai
- https://ror.org/024mw5h28 Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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2
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Malik DM, Rhoades SD, Kain P, Sengupta A, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Altered Metabolism during the Dark Period in Drosophila Short Sleep Mutants. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3823-3836. [PMID: 38836855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is regulated via circadian mechanisms, but effects of sleep disruption on physiological rhythms, in particular metabolic cycling, remain unclear. To examine this question, we probed diurnal metabolic alterations of two Drosophila short sleep mutants, fumin and sleepless. Samples were collected with high temporal sampling (every 2 h) over 24 h under a 12:12 light:dark cycle, and profiling was done using an ion-switching LCMS/MS method. Fewer metabolites with 24 h oscillations were noted with short sleep (50 and 46 in fumin and sleepless, BH. Q < 0.2 by RAIN analysis) compared to a wild-type control (iso31, 63 with BH. Q < 0.2), and peak phases of the sleep mutants were consolidated into two major phase peaks at mid-day and middle of night. Overall, altered nicotinate/nicotinamide, alanine/aspartate/glutamate, acetylcholine, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate, and TCA cycle metabolism were observed in the short sleep mutants, indicative of increased energetic demand and oxidative stress compared to wild type. Both changes in cycling and discriminant models suggest unique alterations in the dark period indicative of constrained metabolic networks. Thus, we conclude that sleep loss alters metabolic function uniquely throughout the day, and further examination of specific mechanisms is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Seth D Rhoades
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Fulgens Consulting, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Pinky Kain
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Van De Poll M, Tainton-Heap L, Troup M, van Swinderen B. Whole-Brain Electrophysiology and Calcium Imaging in Drosophila during Sleep and Wake. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2024; 2024:pdb.top108394. [PMID: 38148172 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is likely a whole-brain phenomenon, with most of the brain probably benefiting from this state of decreased arousal. Recent advances in our understanding of some potential sleep functions, such as metabolite clearance and synaptic homeostasis, make it evident why the whole brain is likely impacted by sleep: All neurons have synapses, and all neurons produce waste metabolites. Sleep experiments in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that diverse sleep functions appear to be conserved across all animals. Studies of brain activity during sleep in humans typically involve multidimensional data sets, such as those acquired by electroencephalograms (EEGs) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and these whole-brain read-outs often reveal important qualities of different sleep stages, such as changes in frequency dynamics or connectivity. Recently, various techniques have been developed that allow for the recording of neural activity simultaneously across multiple regions of the fly brain. These whole-brain-recording approaches will be important for better understanding sleep physiology and function, as they provide a more comprehensive view of neural dynamics during sleep and wake in a relevant model system. Here, we present a brief summary of some of the findings derived from sleep activity recording studies in sleeping Drosophila flies and discuss the value of electrophysiological versus calcium imaging techniques. Although these involve very different preparations, they both highlight the value of multidimensional data for studying sleep in this model system, like the use of both EEG and fMRI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Van De Poll
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lucy Tainton-Heap
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Troup
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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4
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Zou X, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. The Genetics of Human Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2024; 25:259-285. [PMID: 38669479 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121222-120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Healthy sleep is vital for humans to achieve optimal health and longevity. Poor sleep and sleep disorders are strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the importance of good sleep continues to be underrecognized. Mechanisms regulating sleep and its functions in humans remain mostly unclear even after decades of dedicated research. Advancements in gene sequencing techniques and computational methodologies have paved the way for various genetic analysis approaches, which have provided some insights into human sleep genetics. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the genetic basis underlying human sleep traits and sleep disorders. We also highlight the use of animal models to validate genetic findings from human sleep studies and discuss potential molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the regulation of human sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zou
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; , ,
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; , ,
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; , ,
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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5
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Sondhi Y, Messcher RL, Bellantuono AJ, Storer CG, Cinel SD, Godfrey RK, Mongue AJ, Weng YM, Glass D, St Laurent RA, Hamilton CA, Earl C, Brislawn CJ, Kitching IJ, Bybee SM, Theobald JC, Kawahara AY. Day-night gene expression reveals circadian gene disco as a candidate for diel-niche evolution in moths. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240591. [PMID: 39194299 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal ecological niche partitioning is an underappreciated driver of speciation. While insects have long been models for circadian biology, the genes and circuits that allow adaptive changes in diel-niches remain poorly understood. We compared gene expression in closely related day- and night-active non-model wild silk moths, with otherwise similar ecologies. Using an ortholog-based pipeline to compare RNA-Seq patterns across two moth species, we find over 25 pairs of gene orthologs showing differential expression. Notably, the gene disco, involved in circadian control, optic lobe and clock neuron development in Drosophila, shows robust adult circadian mRNA cycling in moth heads. Disco is highly conserved in moths and has additional zinc-finger domains with specific nocturnal and diurnal mutations. We propose disco as a candidate gene for the diversification of temporal diel-niche in moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Sondhi
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, Florida International University , Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Institute for Environment, Florida International University , Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Rebeccah L Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Caroline G Storer
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Scott D Cinel
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - R Keating Godfrey
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, Florida International University , Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Andrew J Mongue
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Weng
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Deborah Glass
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex House , Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road , London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Ryan A St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris A Hamilton
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology & Nematology, University of Idaho , Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 852281, USA
| | | | - Ian J Kitching
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road , London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of Biology, Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Science Building , Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jamie C Theobald
- Department of Biology, Florida International University , Miami, FL 33174, USA
- Institute for Environment, Florida International University , Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Milojevic S, Ghosh A, Makevic V, Stojkovic M, Capovilla M, Tosti T, Budimirovic D, Protic D. Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Analyses in a Fruit Fly Model of Fragile X Syndrome Using a Video-Based Automated Behavioral Research System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7949. [PMID: 39063191 PMCID: PMC11277495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by the full mutation in the FMR1 gene on the Xq27.3 chromosome region. It is the most common monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inherited intellectual disability (ID). Besides ASD and ID and other symptoms, individuals with FXS may exhibit sleep problems and impairment of circadian rhythm (CR). The Drosophila melanogaster models of FXS, such as dFMR1B55, represent excellent models for research in the FXS field. During this study, sleep patterns and CR in dFMR1B55 mutants were analyzed, using a new platform based on continuous high-resolution videography integrated with a highly-customized version of an open-source software. This methodology provides more sensitive results, which could be crucial for all further research in this model of fruit flies. The study revealed that dFMR1B55 male mutants sleep more and can be considered weak rhythmic flies rather than totally arrhythmic and present a good alternative animal model of genetic disorder, which includes impairment of CR and sleep behavior. The combination of affordable videography and software used in the current study is a significant improvement over previous methods and will enable broader adaptation of such high-resolution behavior monitoring methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Milojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Chronobiology and Behavioral Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India;
| | - Vedrana Makevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Maja Stojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Capovilla
- UMR7275 CNRS-INSERM-UniCA, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Institute, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France;
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Budimirovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Fragile X Clinic, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences-Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dragana Protic
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.M.); (M.S.)
- Fragile X Clinic, Special Hospital for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Neurology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Meyerhof GT, Easwaran S, Bontempo AE, Montell C, Montell DJ. Altered circadian rhythm, sleep, and rhodopsin 7-dependent shade preference during diapause in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400964121. [PMID: 38917005 PMCID: PMC11228485 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400964121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To survive adverse environments, many animals enter a dormant state such as hibernation, dauer, or diapause. Various Drosophila species undergo adult reproductive diapause in response to cool temperatures and/or short day-length. While flies are less active during diapause, it is unclear how adverse environmental conditions affect circadian rhythms and sleep. Here we show that in diapause-inducing cool temperatures, Drosophila melanogaster exhibit altered circadian activity profiles, including severely reduced morning activity and an advanced evening activity peak. Consequently, the flies have a single activity peak at a time similar to when nondiapausing flies take a siesta. Temperatures ≤15 °C, rather than photoperiod, primarily drive this behavior. At cool temperatures, flies rapidly enter a deep-sleep state that lacks the sleep cycles of flies at higher temperatures and require high levels of stimulation for arousal. Furthermore, we show that at 25 °C, flies prefer to siesta in the shade, a preference that is virtually eliminated at 10 °C. Resting in the shade is driven by an aversion to blue light that is sensed by Rhodopsin 7 outside of the eyes. Flies at 10 °C show neuronal markers of elevated sleep pressure, including increased expression of Bruchpilot and elevated Ca2+ in the R5 ellipsoid body neurons. Therefore, sleep pressure might overcome blue light aversion. Thus, at the same temperatures that cause reproductive arrest, preserve germline stem cells, and extend lifespan, D. melanogaster are prone to deep sleep and exhibit dramatically altered, yet rhythmic, daily activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff T. Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Sreesankar Easwaran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Angela E. Bontempo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Craig Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Denise J. Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
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Deluca A, Bascom B, Key Planas DA, Kocher MA, Torres M, Arbeitman MN. Contribution of neurons that express fruitless and Clock transcription factors to behavioral rhythms and courtship. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598537. [PMID: 38915619 PMCID: PMC11195222 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Animals need to integrate information across neuronal networks that direct reproductive behaviors and circadian rhythms. In Drosophila, the master regulatory transcription factors that direct courtship behaviors and circadian rhythms are co-expressed in a small set of neurons. In this study we investigate the role of these neurons in both males and females. We find sex-differences in the number of these fruitless and Clock -expressing neurons ( fru ∩ Clk neurons) that is regulated by male-specific Fru. We assign the fru ∩ Clk neurons to the electron microscopy connectome that provides high resolution structural information. We also discover sex-differences in the number of fru -expressing neurons that are post-synaptic targets of Clk -expressing neurons, with more post-synaptic targets in males. When fru ∩ Clk neurons are activated or silenced, males have a shorter period length. Activation of fru ∩ Clk neurons also changes the rate a courtship behavior is performed. We find that activation and silencing fru ∩ Clk neurons impacts the molecular clock in the sLNv master pacemaker neurons, in a cell-nonautonomous manner. These results reveal how neurons that subserve the two processes, reproduction and circadian rhythms, can impact behavioral outcomes in a sex-specific manner.
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d’Almeida NA, Tipping M. Flight to insight: maximizing the potential of Drosophila models of C9orf72-FTD. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1434443. [PMID: 38915937 PMCID: PMC11194461 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1434443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of C9orf72-associated frontotemporal dementia (C9orf72-FTD) have highlighted the role of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation and dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), with Drosophila melanogaster models providing valuable insights. While studies have primarily focused on RAN translation and DPR toxicity, emerging areas of investigation in fly models have expanded to neuronal dysfunction, autophagy impairment, and synaptic dysfunction, providing potential directions for new therapeutic targets and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Despite this progress, there are still significant gaps in Drosophila models of C9orf72-FTD, namely in the areas of metabolism and circadian rhythm. Metabolic dysregulation, particularly lipid metabolism, autophagy, and insulin signaling, has been implicated in disease progression with findings from animal models and human patients with C9orf72 repeat expansions. Moreover, circadian disruptions have been observed in C9of72-FTD, with alterations in rest-activity patterns and cellular circadian machinery, suggesting a potential role in disease pathophysiology. Drosophila models offer unique opportunities to explore these aspects of C9orf72-FTD and identify novel therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating neurodegeneration.
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10
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Benoit JB, Ajayi OM, Webster A, Grieshop K, Lewis D, Talbott H, Bose J, Polak M. Shifted levels of sleep and activity under darkness as mechanisms underlying ectoparasite resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.30.564749. [PMID: 37961082 PMCID: PMC10634994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasites harm host fitness and are pervasive agents of natural selection to evolve host defense strategies Host defensive traits in natural populations typically show genetic variation, which may be maintained when parasite resistance imposes fitness costs on the host in the absence of parasites. Previously we demonstrated significant evolutionary responses to artificial selection for increasing behavioral immunity to Gamasodes queenslandicus mites in replicate lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we report transcriptional shifts in metabolic processes between selected and control fly lines based on RNA-seq analyses. We also show decreased starvation resistance and increased use of nutrient reserves in flies from mite-resistant lines. Additionally, mite-resistant lines exhibited increased behavioral activity, such as, reduced sleep and elevated oxygen consumption under conditions of darkness. The link between resistance and sleep was confirmed in an independent panel of D. melanogaster genetic lines exhibiting variable sleep durations, showing a positive correlation between mite resistance and reduced sleep. Experimentally restraining the activity of artificially selected mite-resistant flies during exposure to parasites under dark conditions reduced their resistance advantage relative to control flies. The results suggest that ectoparasite resistance in this system involves increased dark-condition activity and metabolic gene expression at the expense of nutrient reserves and starvation resistance.
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11
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Lamberti ML, Spangler RK, Cerdeira V, Ares M, Rivollet L, Ashley GE, Coronado AR, Tripathi S, Spiousas I, Ward JD, Partch CL, Bénard CY, Goya ME, Golombek DA. Clock gene homologs lin-42 and kin-20 regulate circadian rhythms in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12936. [PMID: 38839826 PMCID: PMC11153552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations in nearly all organisms, from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments for close to 24 h. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1ε/δ (CK1ε/δ) phosphorylation. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, period and casein kinase 1ε/δ are conserved as lin-42 and kin-20, respectively. Here, we studied the involvement of lin-42 and kin-20 in the circadian rhythms of the adult nematode using a bioluminescence-based circadian transcriptional reporter. We show that mutations of lin-42 and kin-20 generate a significantly longer endogenous period, suggesting a role for both genes in the nematode circadian clock, as in other organisms. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by overexpression of either gene under their native promoter. Both proteins are expressed in neurons and epidermal seam cells, as well as in other cells. Depletion of LIN-42 and KIN-20, specifically in neuronal cells after development, was sufficient to lengthen the period of oscillating sur-5 expression. Therefore, we conclude that LIN-42 and KIN-20 are critical regulators of the adult nematode circadian clock through neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa L Lamberti
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rebecca K Spangler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Victoria Cerdeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, CERMO-FC Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Ares
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, CERMO-FC Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Rivollet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, CERMO-FC Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guinevere E Ashley
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Andrea Ramos Coronado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jordan D Ward
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Carrie L Partch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claire Y Bénard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, CERMO-FC Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M Eugenia Goya
- European Institute for the Biology of Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA), Universidad de San Andrés/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yip C, Wyler SC, Liang K, Yamazaki S, Cobb T, Safdar M, Metai A, Merchant W, Wessells R, Rothenfluh A, Lee S, Elmquist J, You YJ. Neuronal E93 is required for adaptation to adult metabolism and behavior. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101939. [PMID: 38621602 PMCID: PMC11053319 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metamorphosis is a transition from growth to reproduction, through which an animal adopts adult behavior and metabolism. Yet the neural mechanisms underlying the switch are unclear. Here we report that neuronal E93, a transcription factor essential for metamorphosis, regulates the adult metabolism, physiology, and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. METHODS To find new neuronal regulators of metabolism, we performed a targeted RNAi-based screen of 70 Drosophila orthologs of the mammalian genes enriched in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Once E93 was identified from the screen, we characterized changes in physiology and behavior when neuronal expression of E93 is knocked down. To identify the neurons where E93 acts, we performed an additional screen targeting subsets of neurons or endocrine cells. RESULTS E93 is required to control appetite, metabolism, exercise endurance, and circadian rhythms. The diverse phenotypes caused by pan-neuronal knockdown of E93, including obesity, exercise intolerance and circadian disruption, can all be phenocopied by knockdown of E93 specifically in either GABA or MIP neurons, suggesting these neurons are key sites of E93 action. Knockdown of the Ecdysone Receptor specifically in MIP neurons partially phenocopies the MIP neuron-specific knockdown of E93, suggesting the steroid signal coordinates adult metabolism via E93 and a neuropeptidergic signal. Finally, E93 expression in GABA and MIP neurons also serves as a key switch for the adaptation to adult behavior, as animals with reduced expression of E93 in the two subsets of neurons exhibit reduced reproductive activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that E93 is a new monogenic factor essential for metabolic, physiological, and behavioral adaptation from larval behavior to adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Yip
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven C Wyler
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katrina Liang
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience and Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tyler Cobb
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maryam Safdar
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aarav Metai
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Warda Merchant
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adrian Rothenfluh
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joel Elmquist
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Young-Jai You
- The Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Lee H, Kim H, Jin CM, Choi HS, Suh HJ, Chang YB. Improvement of sleep duration and quality through GABA A receptor by whey protein hydrolysate containing DIQK as the active main compound. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00876-2. [PMID: 38825137 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study characterized the sleep activity, sleep mechanism, and active peptides of whey protein hydrolysates selected through behavioral analysis of fruit-flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Sleep-inducing whey protein (WP) hydrolysate was selected through fruit fly behavior analysis, and sleep activity was measured using a pentobarbital model and electroencephalographic analysis. The mechanism of action was confirmed using a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist, and the active peptide was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Whey protein hydrolysate, prepared using Alcalase and Prozyme (WP-AP), increased sleep time in a dose-dependent manner. WP-AP significantly increased not only sleep time but also slow-wave sleep and showed an insomnia-alleviating effect in a caffeine-induced insomnia mouse model. In addition, the gene and protein expression levels of GABA sub-type A (GABAA) receptors increased in the brains of mice orally administered with WP-AP. Through peptide analysis, the mixture of DIQK, VPPF peptide, and GABA contained in WP-AP was estimated to exhibit sleep activity, and due to its high content, DIQK was speculated to be the main sleep -inducing ingredient. These results indicate that WP-AP has the potential to be used as a new ingredient to improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyowon Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongyeong Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng-Min Jin
- Analysis and Research Department, NeuroVIS, Incorporated, Hwaseong 18469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Avila A, Zhang SL. A circadian clock regulates the blood-brain barrier across phylogeny. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:241-287. [PMID: 39029975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
As the central regulatory system of an organism, the brain is responsible for overseeing a wide variety of physiological processes essential for an organism's survival. To maintain the environment necessary for neurons to function, the brain requires highly selective uptake and elimination of specific molecules through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As an organism's activities vary throughout the day, how does the BBB adapt to meet the changing needs of the brain? A mechanism is through temporal regulation of BBB permeability via its circadian clock, which will be the focal point of this chapter. To comprehend the circadian clock's role within the BBB, we will first examine the anatomy of the BBB and the transport mechanisms enabling it to fulfill its role as a restrictive barrier. Next, we will define the circadian clock, and the discussion will encompass an introduction to circadian rhythms, the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop (TTFL) as the mechanistic basis of circadian timekeeping, and the organization of tissue clocks found in organisms. Then, we will cover the role of the circadian rhythms in regulating the cellular mechanisms and functions of the BBB. We discuss the implications of this regulation in influencing sleep behavior, the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and finally drug delivery for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Avila
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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15
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Pandi-Perumal SR, Saravanan KM, Paul S, Namasivayam GP, Chidambaram SB. Waking Up the Sleep Field: An Overview on the Implications of Genetics and Bioinformatics of Sleep. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:919-931. [PMID: 38198051 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sleep genetics is an intriguing, as yet less understood, understudied, emerging area of biological and medical discipline. A generalist may not be aware of the current status of the field given the variety of journals that have published studies on the genetics of sleep and the circadian clock over the years. For researchers venturing into this fascinating area, this review thus includes fundamental features of circadian rhythm and genetic variables impacting sleep-wake cycles. Sleep/wake pathway medication exposure and susceptibility are influenced by genetic variations, and the responsiveness of sleep-related medicines is influenced by several functional polymorphisms. This review highlights the features of the circadian timing system and then a genetic perspective on wakefulness and sleep, as well as the relationship between sleep genetics and sleep disorders. Neurotransmission genes, as well as circadian and sleep/wake receptors, exhibit functional variability. Experiments on animals and humans have shown that these genetic variants impact clock systems, signaling pathways, nature, amount, duration, type, intensity, quality, and quantity of sleep. In this regard, the overview covers research on sleep genetics, the genomic properties of several popular model species used in sleep studies, homologs of mammalian genes, sleep disorders, and related genes. In addition, the study includes a brief discussion of sleep, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome from the viewpoint of a model organism. It is suggested that the understanding of genetic clues on sleep function and sleep disorders may, in future, result in an evidence-based, personalized treatment of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Konda Mani Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600073, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ganesh Pandian Namasivayam
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), A210, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
- Special Interest Group - Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Neurosciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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16
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Yuan Y, Chen Q, Brovkina M, Clowney EJ, Yadlapalli S. Clock-dependent chromatin accessibility rhythms regulate circadian transcription. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011278. [PMID: 38805552 PMCID: PMC11161047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation by controlling the accessibility of DNA to transcription machinery. While significant progress has been made in understanding the regulatory role of clock proteins in circadian rhythms, how chromatin organization affects circadian rhythms remains poorly understood. Here, we employed ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing) on FAC-sorted Drosophila clock neurons to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility at dawn and dusk over the circadian cycle. We observed significant oscillations in chromatin accessibility at promoter and enhancer regions of hundreds of genes, with enhanced accessibility either at dusk or dawn, which correlated with their peak transcriptional activity. Notably, genes with enhanced accessibility at dusk were enriched with E-box motifs, while those more accessible at dawn were enriched with VRI/PDP1-box motifs, indicating that they are regulated by the core circadian feedback loops, PER/CLK and VRI/PDP1, respectively. Further, we observed a complete loss of chromatin accessibility rhythms in per01 null mutants, with chromatin consistently accessible at both dawn and dusk, underscoring the critical role of Period protein in driving chromatin compaction during the repression phase at dawn. Together, this study demonstrates the significant role of chromatin organization in circadian regulation, revealing how the interplay between clock proteins and chromatin structure orchestrates the precise timing of biological processes throughout the day. This work further implies that variations in chromatin accessibility might play a central role in the generation of diverse circadian gene expression patterns in clock neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margarita Brovkina
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - E Josephine Clowney
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Swathi Yadlapalli
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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17
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Han E, Lee SS, Park KH, Blum ID, Liu Q, Mehta A, Palmer I, Issa H, Han A, Brown MP, Sanchez-Franco VM, Velasco M, Tabuchi M, Wu MN. Tob Regulates the Timing of Sleep Onset at Night in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0389232024. [PMID: 38485259 PMCID: PMC11063825 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0389-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated by homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian clock. While tremendous progress has been made in elucidating the molecular components of the core circadian oscillator, the output mechanisms by which this robust oscillator generates rhythmic sleep behavior remain poorly understood. At the cellular level, growing evidence suggests that subcircuits in the master circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals and in the clock network in Drosophila regulate distinct aspects of sleep. Thus, to identify novel molecules regulating the circadian timing of sleep, we conducted a large-scale screen of mouse SCN-enriched genes in Drosophila Here, we show that Tob (Transducer of ERB-B2) regulates the timing of sleep onset at night in female fruit flies. Knockdown of Tob pan-neuronally, either constitutively or conditionally, advances sleep onset at night. We show that Tob is specifically required in "evening neurons" (the LNds and the fifth s-LNv) of the clock network for proper timing of sleep onset. Tob levels cycle in a clock-dependent manner in these neurons. Silencing of these "evening" clock neurons results in an advanced sleep onset at night, similar to that seen with Tob knockdown. Finally, sharp intracellular recordings demonstrate that the amplitude and kinetics of LNd postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) cycle between day and night, and this cycling is attenuated with Tob knockdown in these cells. Our data suggest that Tob acts as a clock output molecule in a subset of clock neurons to potentiate their activity in the evening and enable the proper timing of sleep onset at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Han
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kristen H Park
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Anuradha Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Habon Issa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alice Han
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Matt P Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | - Miguel Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Mark N Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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18
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Mao R, Yu J, Deng B, Dai X, Du Y, Du S, Zhang W, Rao Y. Conditional chemoconnectomics (cCCTomics) as a strategy for efficient and conditional targeting of chemical transmission. eLife 2024; 12:RP91927. [PMID: 38686992 PMCID: PMC11060718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Dissection of neural circuitry underlying behaviors is a central theme in neurobiology. We have previously proposed the concept of chemoconnectome (CCT) to cover the entire chemical transmission between neurons and target cells in an organism and created tools for studying it (CCTomics) by targeting all genes related to the CCT in Drosophila. Here we have created lines targeting the CCT in a conditional manner after modifying GFP RNA interference, Flp-out, and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. All three strategies have been validated to be highly effective, with the best using chromatin-peptide fused Cas9 variants and scaffold optimized sgRNAs. As a proof of principle, we conducted a comprehensive intersection analysis of CCT genes expression profiles in the clock neurons, uncovering 43 CCT genes present in clock neurons. Specific elimination of each from clock neurons revealed that loss of the neuropeptide CNMa in two posterior dorsal clock neurons (DN1ps) or its receptor (CNMaR) caused advanced morning activity, indicating a suppressive role of CNMa-CNMaR on morning anticipation, opposite to the promoting role of PDF-PDFR on morning anticipation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of conditional CCTomics and its tools created here and establish an antagonistic relationship between CNMa-CNMaR and PDF-PDFR signaling in regulating morning anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbo Mao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bowen Deng
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xihuimin Dai
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuyao Du
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sujie Du
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Capital Medical University; Changping LaboratoryChangpingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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19
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Hayakawa S, Kataoka K, Yamamoto M, Asahi T, Suzuki T. DeepLabCut-based daily behavioural and posture analysis in a cricket. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060237. [PMID: 38533608 PMCID: PMC11070783 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are indispensable intrinsic programs that regulate the daily rhythmicity of physiological processes, such as feeding and sleep. The cricket has been employed as a model organism for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in insects. However, previous studies measuring rhythm-controlled behaviours only analysed locomotive activity using seesaw-type and infrared sensor-based actometers. Meanwhile, advances in deep learning techniques have made it possible to analyse animal behaviour and posture using software that is devoid of human bias and does not require physical tagging of individual animals. Here, we present a system that can simultaneously quantify multiple behaviours in individual crickets - such as locomotor activity, feeding, and sleep-like states - in the long-term, using DeepLabCut, a supervised machine learning-based software for body keypoints labelling. Our system successfully labelled the six body parts of a single cricket with a high level of confidence and produced reliable data showing the diurnal rhythms of multiple behaviours. Our system also enabled the estimation of sleep-like states by focusing on posture, instead of immobility time, which is a conventional parameter. We anticipate that this system will provide an opportunity for simultaneous and automatic prediction of cricket behaviour and posture, facilitating the study of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hayakawa
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kataoka
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamamoto
- Division of Sciences for Biological System, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Sciences for Biological System, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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20
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Li H, Li Z, Yuan X, Tian Y, Ye W, Zeng P, Li XM, Guo F. Dynamic encoding of temperature in the central circadian circuit coordinates physiological activities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2834. [PMID: 38565846 PMCID: PMC10987497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates animal physiological activities. How temperature reorganizes circadian-dependent physiological activities remains elusive. Here, using in-vivo two-photon imaging with the temperature control device, we investigated the response of the Drosophila central circadian circuit to temperature variation and identified that DN1as serves as the most sensitive temperature-sensing neurons. The circadian clock gate DN1a's diurnal temperature response. Trans-synaptic tracing, connectome analysis, and functional imaging data reveal that DN1as bidirectionally targets two circadian neuronal subsets: activity-related E cells and sleep-promoting DN3s. Specifically, behavioral data demonstrate that the DN1a-E cell circuit modulates the evening locomotion peak in response to cold temperature, while the DN1a-DN3 circuit controls the warm temperature-induced nocturnal sleep reduction. Our findings systematically and comprehensively illustrate how the central circadian circuit dynamically integrates temperature and light signals to effectively coordinate wakefulness and sleep at different times of the day, shedding light on the conserved neural mechanisms underlying temperature-regulated circadian physiology in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pengyu Zeng
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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21
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Schwarz JE, Sengupta A, Guevara C, Barber AF, Hsu CT, Zhang SL, Weljie A, Sehgal A. Age-regulated cycling metabolites are relevant for behavior. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14082. [PMID: 38204362 PMCID: PMC11019118 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian cycles of sleep:wake and gene expression change with age in all organisms examined. Metabolism is also under robust circadian regulation, but little is known about how metabolic cycles change with age and whether these contribute to the regulation of behavioral cycles. To address this gap, we compared cycling of metabolites in young and old Drosophila and found major age-related variations. A significant model separated the young metabolic profiles by circadian timepoint, but could not be defined for the old metabolic profiles due to the greater variation in this dataset. Of the 159 metabolites measured in fly heads, we found 17 that cycle by JTK analysis in young flies and 17 in aged. Only four metabolites overlapped in the two groups, suggesting that cycling metabolites are distinct in young and old animals. Among our top cyclers exclusive to young flies were components of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). As the PPP is important for buffering reactive oxygen species, and overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a key component of the PPP, was previously shown to extend lifespan in Drosophila, we asked if this manipulation also affects sleep:wake cycles. We found that overexpression in circadian clock neurons decreases sleep in association with an increase in cellular calcium and mitochondrial oxidation, suggesting that altering PPP activity affects neuronal activity. Our findings elucidate the importance of metabolic regulation in maintaining patterns of neural activity, and thereby sleep:wake cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Schwarz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Camilo Guevara
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Annika F. Barber
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Cynthia T. Hsu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Cell BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Aalim Weljie
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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22
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Ramaswamy S. Data-driven multiscale computational models of cortical and subcortical regions. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102842. [PMID: 38320453 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Data-driven computational models of neurons, synapses, microcircuits, and mesocircuits have become essential tools in modern brain research. The goal of these multiscale models is to integrate and synthesize information from different levels of brain organization, from cellular properties, dendritic excitability, and synaptic dynamics to microcircuits, mesocircuits, and ultimately behavior. This article surveys recent advances in the genesis of data-driven computational models of mammalian neural networks in cortical and subcortical areas. I discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing data-driven multiscale models, including the need for interdisciplinary collaborations, the importance of model validation and comparison, and the potential impact on basic and translational neuroscience research. Finally, I highlight future directions and emerging technologies that will enable more comprehensive and predictive data-driven models of brain function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Ramaswamy
- Neural Circuits Laboratory, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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23
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Long DM, Cravetchi O, Chow ES, Allen C, Kretzschmar D. The amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain induces sleep disruptions and its nuclear localization fluctuates in circadian pacemaker neurons in Drosophila and mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106429. [PMID: 38309627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The most prominent symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cognitive decline; however, sleep and other circadian disruptions are also common in AD patients. Sleep disruptions have been connected with memory problems and therefore the changes in sleep patterns observed in AD patients may also actively contribute to cognitive decline. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that connect sleep disruptions and AD are unclear. A characteristic feature of AD is the formation of plaques consisting of Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated by cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Besides Aβ, APP cleavage generates several other fragments, including the APP intracellular domain (AICD) that has been linked to transcriptional regulation and neuronal homeostasis. Here we show that overexpression of the AICD reduces the early evening expression of two core clock genes and disrupts the sleep pattern in flies. Analyzing the subcellular localization of the AICD in pacemaker neurons, we found that the AICD levels in the nucleus are low during daytime but increase at night. While this pattern of nuclear AICD persisted with age, the nighttime levels were higher in aged flies. Increasing the cleavage of the fly APP protein also disrupted AICD nuclear localization. Lastly, we show that the day/nighttime nuclear pattern of the AICD is also detectable in neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice and that it also changes with age. Together, these data suggest that AD-associated changes in APP processing and the subsequent changes in AICD levels may cause sleep disruptions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani M Long
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Olga Cravetchi
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eileen S Chow
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Charles Allen
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Doris Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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24
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Chen W, Wang D, Yu L, Zhong W, Yuan Y, Yang G. Comparative analysis of locomotor behavior and head diurnal transcriptome regulation by PERIOD and CRY2 in the diamondback moth. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38414323 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Earth's rotation shapes a 24-h cycle, governing circadian rhythms in organisms. In mammals, the core clock genes, CLOCK and BMAL1, are regulated by PERIODs (PERs) and CRYPTOCHROMEs (CRYs), but their roles remain unclear in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. To explore this, we studied P. xylostella, which possesses a simplified circadian system compared to mammals. In P. xylostella, we observed rhythmic expressions of the Pxper and Pxcry2 genes in their heads, with differing phases. In vitro experiments revealed that PxCRY2 repressed monarch butterfly CLK:BMAL1 transcriptional activation, while PxPER and other CRY-like proteins did not. However, PxPER showed an inhibitory effect on PxCLK/PxCYCLE. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we individually and in combination knocked out Pxper and Pxcry2, then conducted gene function studies and circadian transcriptome sequencing. Loss of either Pxper or Pxcry2 eliminated the activity peak after lights-off in light-dark cycles, and Pxcry2 loss reduced overall activity. Pxcry2 was crucial for maintaining endogenous rhythms in constant darkness. Under light-dark conditions, 1 098 genes exhibited rhythmic expression in wild-type P. xylostella heads, with 749 relying on Pxper and Pxcry2 for their rhythms. Most core clock genes lost their rhythmicity in Pxper and Pxcry2 mutants, while Pxcry2 sustained rhythmic expression, albeit with reduced amplitude and altered phase. Additionally, rhythmic genes were linked to biological processes like the spliceosome and Toll signaling pathway, with these rhythms depending on Pxper or Pxcry2 function. In summary, our study unveils differences in circadian rhythm regulation by Pxper and Pxcry2 in P. xylostella. This provides a valuable model for understanding circadian clock regulation in nocturnal animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingqi Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenmiao Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pest Control (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Hamid A, Gattuso H, Caglar AN, Pillai M, Steele T, Gonzalez A, Nagel K, Syed MH. The conserved RNA-binding protein Imp is required for the specification and function of olfactory navigation circuitry in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024; 34:473-488.e6. [PMID: 38181792 PMCID: PMC10872534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Complex behaviors depend on the precise developmental specification of neuronal circuits, but the relationship between genetic programs for neural development, circuit structure, and behavioral output is often unclear. The central complex (CX) is a conserved sensory-motor integration center in insects, which governs many higher-order behaviors and largely derives from a small number of type II neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, we show that Imp, a conserved IGF-II mRNA-binding protein expressed in type II NSCs, plays a role in specifying essential components of CX olfactory navigation circuitry. We show the following: (1) that multiple components of olfactory navigation circuitry arise from type II NSCs. (2) Manipulating Imp expression in type II NSCs alters the number and morphology of many of these circuit elements, with the most potent effects on neurons targeting the ventral layers of the fan-shaped body (FB). (3) Imp regulates the specification of Tachykinin-expressing ventral FB input neurons. (4) Imp is required in type II NSCs for establishing proper morphology of the CX neuropil structures. (5) Loss of Imp in type II NSCs abolishes upwind orientation to attractive odor while leaving locomotion and odor-evoked regulation of movement intact. Taken together, our findings establish that a temporally expressed gene can regulate the expression of a complex behavior by developmentally regulating the specification of multiple circuit components and provides a first step toward a developmental dissection of the CX and its roles in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Hamid
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hannah Gattuso
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aysu Nora Caglar
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Midhula Pillai
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Theresa Steele
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexa Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Katherine Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Medical Center, 435 E 30th St., New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Mubarak Hussain Syed
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 219 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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26
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Liu X, Cai YD, Chiu JC. Regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation by circadian, metabolic, and cellular signals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105616. [PMID: 38159854 PMCID: PMC10810748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a dynamic post-translational modification that regulates thousands of proteins and almost all cellular processes. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been associated with numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation is highly nutrient-sensitive since it is dependent on UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). We previously observed daily rhythmicity of protein O-GlcNAcylation in a Drosophila model that is sensitive to the timing of food consumption. We showed that the circadian clock is pivotal in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythms given its control of the feeding-fasting cycle and hence nutrient availability. Interestingly, we reported that the circadian clock also modulates daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm by regulating molecular mechanisms beyond the regulation of food consumption time. A large body of work now indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is likely a generalized cellular status effector as it responds to various cellular signals and conditions, such as ER stress, apoptosis, and infection. In this review, we summarize the metabolic regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation through nutrient availability, HBP enzymes, and O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. We discuss the emerging roles of circadian clocks in regulating daily O-GlcNAcylation rhythm. Finally, we provide an overview of other cellular signals or conditions that impact O-GlcNAcylation. Many of these cellular pathways are themselves regulated by the clock and/or metabolism. Our review highlights the importance of maintaining optimal O-GlcNAc rhythm by restricting eating activity to the active period under physiological conditions and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets of O-GlcNAc homeostasis under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Liu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yao D Cai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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27
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Akpoghiran O, Afonso DJS, Zhang Y, Koh K. TARANIS Interacts with VRILLE and PDP1 to Modulate the Circadian Transcriptional Feedback Mechanism in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0922232023. [PMID: 38296648 PMCID: PMC10860567 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0922-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular clock that generates daily rhythms of behavior and physiology consists of interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. In Drosophila, the primary feedback loop involving the CLOCK-CYCLE transcriptional activators and the PERIOD-TIMELESS transcriptional repressors is interlocked with a secondary loop involving VRILLE (VRI) and PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (PDP1), a repressor and activator of Clock transcription, respectively. Whereas extensive studies have found numerous transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational modulators of the primary loop, relatively little is known about the secondary loop. In this study, using male and female flies as well as cultured cells, we demonstrate that TARANIS (TARA), a Drosophila homolog of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of transcriptional coregulators, functions with VRI and PDP1 to modulate the circadian period and rhythm strength. Knocking down tara reduces rhythm amplitude and can shorten the period length, while overexpressing TARA lengthens the circadian period. Additionally, tara mutants exhibit reduced rhythmicity and lower expression of the PDF neuropeptide. We find that TARA can form a physical complex with VRI and PDP1, enhancing their repressor and activator functions, respectively. The conserved SERTA domain of TARA is required to regulate the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1, and its deletion leads to reduced locomotor rhythmicity. Consistent with TARA's role in enhancing VRI and PDP1 activity, overexpressing tara has a similar effect on the circadian period and rhythm strength as simultaneously overexpressing vri and Pdp1 Together, our results suggest that TARA modulates circadian behavior by enhancing the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerukevwe Akpoghiran
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Dinis J S Afonso
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, Pennsylvania
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28
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dos Santos A, Galiè S. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:390. [PMID: 38337675 PMCID: PMC10857497 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, a growing body of evidence has emerged linking the composition of the gut microbiota to sleep regulation. Interestingly, the prevalence of sleep disorders is commonly related to cardiometabolic comorbidities such as diabetes, impaired lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this complex scenario, the role of the gut-brain axis as the main communicating pathway between gut microbiota and sleep regulation pathways in the brain reveals some common host-microbial biomarkers in both sleep disturbances and MetS. As the biological mechanisms behind this complex interacting network of neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways are not fully understood yet, the present systematic review aims to describe common microbial features between these two unrelated chronic conditions. RESULTS This systematic review highlights a total of 36 articles associating the gut microbial signature with MetS or sleep disorders. Specific emphasis is given to studies evaluating the effect of dietary patterns, dietary supplementation, and probiotics on MetS or sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Dietary choices promote microbial composition and metabolites, causing both the amelioration and impairment of MetS and sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano dos Santos
- Integrative Medicine Nutrition Department, ADS Vitality B.V., 2517 AS The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Galiè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy;
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29
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Shirakawa R, Kurata Y, Sakai T. Regulation of long-term memory by a few clock neurons in Drosophila. Biophys Physicobiol 2024; 21:e211002. [PMID: 39175866 PMCID: PMC11338676 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.s002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of the neural circuits in the brain regulating animal behavior and physiology is critical for understanding brain functions and is one of the most challenging goals in neuroscience research. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster has often been used to identify the neural circuits involved in the regulation of specific behaviors because of the many neurogenetic tools available to express target genes in particular neurons. Neurons controlling sexual behavior, feeding behavior, and circadian rhythms have been identified, and the number of neurons responsible for controlling these phenomena is small. The search for a few neurons controlling a specific behavior is an important first step to clarify the overall picture of the neural circuits regulating that behavior. We previously found that the clock gene period (per), which is essential for circadian rhythms in Drosophila, is also essential for long-term memory (LTM). We have also found that a very limited number of per-expressing clock neurons in the adult brain are required for the consolidation and maintenance of LTM. In this review, we focus on LTM in Drosophila, introduce the concept of LTM regulation by a few clock neurons that we have recently discovered, and discuss how a few clock neurons regulate Drosophila LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Shirakawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yuto Kurata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takaomi Sakai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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30
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Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116973. [PMID: 37517566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the rapid pace of modern society, chronic insomnia has become universal phenomenon. In China, Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) has been used in treating chronic insomnia for thousands of years, but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the chemical composition of BXSMD and its effects on Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in mice with chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS was applied in determining the chemical composition of BXSMD. After 21-day sleep deprivation (SD) in platform water environment, CSD mice model was prepared. By conducting open field test, 24-h autonomic diurnal and nocturnal activity of mice in each group was detected. ELISA was employed to measure the contents of 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, Glu, and MT. With RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA and protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were tested. RESULTS BXSMD included ferulic acid, kaverol, daidzein, apigenin, berberine, adenosine, aesculin, vanillin, naringin, and glycine, which might constitute the material basis forthe improvement of chronic insomnia. With BXSMD, the total moving distance and the rest time in dark period of CSD mice were shortened, while its rest time in light period was increased. Besides, BXSMD enhanced the contents of 5-HT, GABA, and MT in CSD mice, and decreased the contents of Glu, NE, and DA. BXSMD elevated the mRNA of Esr1 and Esr2, and elevated the protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of CSD mice. CONCLUSIONS BXSMD contains various chemical components for sleep-wake regulation, with the mechanism of stimulating estrogen signaling pathway by regulating the expressions of ESR1 and ESR2, ultimately realizing the regulation to sleep-wake disorder caused by CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jinni Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
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31
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Tabuchi M. Dynamic neuronal instability generates synaptic plasticity and behavior: Insights from Drosophila sleep. Neurosci Res 2024; 198:1-7. [PMID: 37385545 PMCID: PMC11033711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons encode the information that underlies cognition, internal states, and behavior? This review focuses on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sleep in Drosophila and, to illustrate the power of addressing neural coding in this system, highlights a specific circuit mediating the circadian regulation of sleep quality. This circuit exhibits circadian cycling of sleep quality, which depends solely on the pattern (not the rate) of spiking. During the night, the stability of spike waveforms enhances the reliability of spike timing in these neurons to promote sleep quality. During the day, instability of the spike waveforms leads to uncertainty of spike timing, which remarkably produces synaptic plasticity to induce arousal. Investigation of the molecular and biophysical basis of these changes was greatly facilitated by its study in Drosophila, revealing direct connections between genes, molecules, spike biophysical properties, neural codes, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Furthermore, because these patterns of neural activity change with aging, this model system holds promise for understanding the interplay between the circadian clock, aging, and sleep quality. It is proposed here that neurophysiological investigations of the Drosophila brain present an exceptional opportunity to tackle some of the most challenging questions related to neural coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Akpoghiran O, Afonso DJ, Zhang Y, Koh K. TARANIS interacts with VRILLE and PDP1 to modulate the circadian transcriptional feedback mechanism in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.541420. [PMID: 38076905 PMCID: PMC10705542 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular clock that generates daily rhythms of behavior and physiology consists of interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. In Drosophila, the primary feedback loop involving the CLOCK-CYCLE transcriptional activators and the PERIOD-TIMELESS transcriptional repressors is interlocked with a secondary loop involving VRILLE (VRI) and PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (PDP1), a repressor and activator of Clock transcription, respectively. Whereas extensive studies have found numerous transcriptional, translational, and post-translational modulators of the primary loop, relatively little is known about the secondary loop. In this study, using male and female flies as well as cultured cells, we demonstrate that TARANIS (TARA), a Drosophila homolog of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of transcriptional coregulators, functions with VRI and PDP1 to modulate the circadian period and rhythm strength. Knocking down tara reduces rhythm amplitude and can shorten the period length, while overexpressing TARA lengthens the circadian period. Additionally, tara mutants exhibit reduced rhythmicity and lower expression of the PDF neuropeptide. We find that TARA can form a physical complex with VRI and PDP1, enhancing their repressor and activator functions, respectively. The conserved SERTA domain of TARA is required to regulate the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1, and its deletion leads to reduced locomotor rhythmicity. Consistent with TARA's role in enhancing VRI and PDP1 activity, overexpressing tara has a similar effect on the circadian period and rhythm strength as simultaneously overexpressing vri and Pdp1. Together, our results suggest that TARA modulates circadian behavior by enhancing the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenerukevwe Akpoghiran
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
| | - Dinis J.S. Afonso
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, and Synaptic Biology Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA. 19107
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Lamberti ML, Spangler RK, Cerdeira V, Ares M, Rivollet L, Ashley GE, Coronado AR, Tripathi S, Spiousas I, Ward JD, Partch CL, Bénard CY, Goya ME, Golombek DA. Regulation of the circadian clock in C. elegans by clock gene homologs kin-20 and lin-42. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536481. [PMID: 38105938 PMCID: PMC10723253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations present in nearly all organisms from prokaryotes to humans, allowing them to adapt to cyclical environments close to 24 hours. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a central clock, which is based on a transcription-translation feedback loop. One important protein in the central loop in metazoan clocks is PERIOD, which is regulated in part by Casein kinase 1 ε/δ (CK1 ε/δ ) phosphorylation. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , period and casein kinase 1ε/δ are conserved as lin-42 and kin-20 , respectively. Here we studied the involvement of lin-42 and kin-20 in circadian rhythms of the adult nematode using a bioluminescence-based circadian transcriptional reporter. We show that mutations of lin-42 and kin-20 generate a significantly longer endogenous period, suggesting a role for both genes in the nematode circadian clock, as in other organisms. These phenotypes can be partially rescued by overexpression of either gene under their native promoter. Both proteins are expressed in neurons and seam cells, a population of epidermal stem cells in C. elegans that undergo multiple divisions during development. Depletion of LIN-42 and KIN-20 specifically in neuronal cells after development was sufficient to lengthen the period of oscillating sur-5 expression. Therefore, we conclude that LIN-42 and KIN-20 are critical regulators of the adult nematode circadian clock through neuronal cells.
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Malik DM, Rhoades SD, Zhang SL, Sengupta A, Barber A, Haynes P, Arnadottir ES, Pack A, Kibbey RG, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Glucose Challenge Uncovers Temporal Fungibility of Metabolic Homeostasis Throughout the Day. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564837. [PMID: 37961230 PMCID: PMC10634956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmicity is a central feature of behavioral and biological processes including metabolism, however, the mechanisms of metabolite cycling are poorly understood. A robust oscillation in a network of key metabolite pathways downstream of glucose is described in humans, then these pathways mechanistically probed through purpose-built 13C6-glucose isotope tracing in Drosophila every 4h. A temporal peak in biosynthesis was noted by broad labelling of pathways downstream of glucose in wild-type flies shortly following lights on. Krebs cycle labelling was generally increased in a hyperactive mutant (fumin) along with glycolysis labelling primarily observed at dawn. Surprisingly, neither underlying feeding rhythms nor the presence of food explains the rhythmicity of glucose processing across genotypes. These results are consistent with clinical data demonstrating detrimental effects of mis-timed energy intake. This approach provides a window into the dynamic range of metabolic processing ability through the day and mechanistic basis for exploring circadian metabolic homeostasis in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M. Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seth D. Rhoades
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Fulgens Consulting, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Annika Barber
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Paula Haynes
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Erna Sif Arnadottir
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Allan Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Malik DM, Sengupta A, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Altered Metabolism During the Dark Period in Drosophila Short Sleep Mutants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564858. [PMID: 37961245 PMCID: PMC10634958 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an almost universally required state in biology. Disrupted sleep has been associated with adverse health risks including metabolic perturbations. Sleep is in part regulated via circadian mechanisms, however, metabolic dysfunction at different times of day arising from sleep disruption is unclear. We used targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to probe metabolic alterations using high-resolution temporal sampling of two Drosophila short sleep mutants, fumin and sleepless, across a circadian day. Discriminant analyses revealed overall distinct metabolic profiles for mutants when compared to a wild type dataset. Altered levels of metabolites involved in nicotinate/nicotinamide, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and the TCA cycle were observed in mutants suggesting increased energetic demands. Furthermore, rhythmicity analyses revealed fewer 24 hr rhythmic metabolites in both mutants. Interestingly, mutants displayed two major peaks in phases while wild type displayed phases that were less concerted. In contrast to 24 hr rhythmic metabolites, an increase in the number of 12 hr rhythmic metabolites was observed in fumin while sleepless displayed a decrease. These results support that decreased sleep alters the overall metabolic profile with short sleep mutants displaying altered metabolite levels associated with a number of pathways in addition to altered neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M. Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute
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Yuan XN, Luo C, Zhao QF, Zhong SY, Hang Q, Dai TM, Pan ZH, Sima YH, Qiu JF, Xu SQ. The clock gene Cryptochrome 1 is involved in the photoresponse of embryonic hatching behavior in Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22046. [PMID: 37583246 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The hatching of insect eggs is a classic circadian behavior rhythm controlled by the biological clock. Its function is considered to impose a daily rhythm on the embryo, allowing it to hatch within a permissible time window. However, the molecular pathways through which the clock affects embryonic hatching behavior remain unclear. Here, we utilized a clock gene Cryptochrome1 (Cry1) knockout mutant to dissect the pathways by which the circadian clock affects embryonic hatching rhythm in the silkworm. In the Cry1 mutant, the embryo hatching rhythm was disrupted. Under the constant light or constant dark incubation conditions, mutant embryos lost their hatching rhythm, while wild-type embryos hatch exhibiting free-running rhythm. In the light-dark cycle (LD), the hatching rhythm of CRY1-deficient silkworms could not be entrained by the LD photoperiod during the incubation period. The messenger RNA levels and enzymatic activities of Cht and Hel in the mutant embryos were significantly reduced at circadian time 24 (CT24). Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression at CT24 between the Cry1 knockout mutant and the wild-type, with 2616 differentially expressed genes identified. The enriched Gene Ontology pathway includes enzyme activity, energy availability, and protein translation. Short neuropeptide F signaling was reduced in the CT24 embryonic brain of the mutant, the expression of the neuropeptide PTTH was also reduced and the rhythm was lost, which further affects ecdysteroid signaling. Our results suggested that the silkworm circadian clock affects neuropeptide-hormone signaling as well as physiological functions related to hatching, which may regulate the hatching rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Yuan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi-Fan Zhao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Si-Yin Zhong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Hang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tai-Ming Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang-Hu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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König A, Sadova N, Dornmayr M, Schwarzinger B, Neuhauser C, Stadlbauer V, Wallner M, Woischitzschläger J, Müller A, Tona R, Kofel D, Weghuber J. Combined acid hydrolysis and fermentation improves bioactivity of citrus flavonoids in vitro and in vivo. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1083. [PMID: 37880345 PMCID: PMC10600125 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bioactive plant compounds, known as phytochemicals, have the potential to improve health. Unfortunately, the bioavailability and bioactivity of phytochemicals such as polyphenolic flavonoids are reduced due to conjugation with sugar moieties. Here, we combine acid hydrolysis and tailored fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) to convert the biologically less active flavonoid glycosides hesperidin and naringin into the more active aglycones hesperetin and naringenin. Using a comprehensive approach, we identify the most effective hydrolysis and fermentation conditions to increase the concentration of the aglycones in citrus extracts. The higher cellular transport and bioactivity of the biotransformed citrus extract are also demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cell migration activities in vitro, as well as intestinal barrier protecting and antioxidant activities in Drosophila melanogaster are identified. In conclusion, the presented biotransformation approach improves the bioactivity of flavonoids, clearly traced back to the increase in aglycone content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice König
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Nadiia Sadova
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Marion Dornmayr
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Melanie Wallner
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria
| | - Jakob Woischitzschläger
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria
| | - Andreas Müller
- TriPlant AG, Industriestrasse 17, Buetzberg, 4922, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Tona
- TriPlant AG, Industriestrasse 17, Buetzberg, 4922, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kofel
- TriPlant AG, Industriestrasse 17, Buetzberg, 4922, Switzerland
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, Wels, 4600, Austria.
- FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, Tulln, 3430, Austria.
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Cruz LNPD, Teles-de-Freitas R, Resck MEB, Fonseca ABDA, Padilha KP, Farnesi LC, Araripe LO, Bruno RV. Light and dark cycles modify the expression of clock genes in the ovaries of Aedes aegypti in a noncircadian manner. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287237. [PMID: 37856474 PMCID: PMC10586701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian oscillators (i.e., circadian clocks) are essential to producing the circadian rhythms observed in virtually all multicellular organisms. In arthropods, many rhythmic behaviors are generated by oscillations of the central pacemaker, specific groups of neurons of the protocerebrum in which the circadian oscillator molecular machinery is expressed and works; however, oscillators located in other tissues (i.e., peripheral clocks) could also contribute to certain rhythms, but are not well known in non-model organisms. Here, we investigated whether eight clock genes that likely constitute the Aedes aegypti clock are expressed in a circadian manner in the previtellogenic ovaries of this mosquito. Also, we asked if insemination by conspecific males would alter the expression profiles of these clock genes. We observed that the clock genes do not have a rhythmic expression profile in the ovaries of virgin (VF) or inseminated (IF) females, except for period, which showed a rhythmic expression profile in ovaries of IF kept in light and dark (LD) cycles, but not in constant darkness (DD). The mean expression of seven clock genes was affected by the insemination status (VF or IF) or the light condition (LD 12:12 or DD), among which five were affected solely by the light condition, one solely by the insemination status, and one by both factors. Our results suggest that a functional circadian clock is absent in the ovaries of A. aegypti. Still, their differential mean expression promoted by light conditions or insemination suggests roles other than circadian rhythms in this mosquito's ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Barreto Resck
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Pedreira Padilha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana Cristina Farnesi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ordunha Araripe
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro- RJ, Brazil
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Xu W, Rustenhoven J, Nelson CA, Dykstra T, Ferreiro A, Papadopoulos Z, Burnham CAD, Dantas G, Fremont DH, Kipnis J. A novel immune modulator IM33 mediates a glia-gut-neuronal axis that controls lifespan. Neuron 2023; 111:3244-3254.e8. [PMID: 37582366 PMCID: PMC10592285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process involving various systems and behavioral changes. Altered immune regulation, dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and sleep decline are common features of aging, but their interconnection is poorly understood. Using Drosophila, we discover that IM33, a novel immune modulator, and its mammalian homolog, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), are upregulated in old flies and old mice, respectively. Knockdown of IM33 in glia elevates the gut reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and alters gut microbiota composition, including increased Lactiplantibacillus plantarum abundance, leading to a shortened lifespan. Additionally, dysbiosis induces sleep fragmentation through the activation of insulin-producing cells in the brain, which is mediated by the binding of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-produced DAP-type peptidoglycan to the peptidoglycan recognition protein LE (PGRP-LE) receptor. Therefore, IM33 plays a role in the glia-microbiota-neuronal axis, connecting neuroinflammation, dysbiosis, and sleep decline during aging. Identifying molecular mediators of these processes could lead to the development of innovative strategies for extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangchao Xu
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher A Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aura Ferreiro
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zachary Papadopoulos
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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40
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Mi K, Li Y, Yang Y, Secombe J, Liu X. DVT: a high-throughput analysis pipeline for locomotion and social behavior in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 37798731 PMCID: PMC10557313 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila melanogaster is excellent animal model for understanding the molecular basis of human neurological and motor disorders. The experimental conditions and chamber design varied between studies. Moreover, most previously established paradigms focus on fly trace detection algorithm development. A comprehensive understanding on how fly behaves in the chamber is still lacking. RESULTS In this report, we established 74 unique behavior metrics quantifying spatiotemporal characteristics of adult fly locomotion and social behaviors, of which 49 were newly proposed. By the aiding of the developed analysis pipeline, Drosophila video tracking (DVT), we identified siginificantly different patterns of fly behavior confronted with different chamber height, fly density, illumination and experimental time. Meanwhile, three fly strains which are widely used as control lines, Canton-S(CS), w1118 and Oregon-R (OR), were found to exhibit distinct motion explosiveness and exercise endurance. CONCLUSIONS We believe the proposed behavior metrics set and pipeline should help identify subtle spatial and temporal differences of drosophila behavior confronted with different environmental factors or gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mi
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Julie Secombe
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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Liang Y, Zhan X, Wei X, Zhong J, Deng J, Chen Y, Pan L, Zhang J, Li M, Huang R, Wang H, Sun Y. Study on the material basis and mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni on sleep-improvement using Drosophila activity monitoring, metabolomic, targeted screening and transcriptomic. Food Res Int 2023; 172:112562. [PMID: 37689837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni, HC) is an edible plant and is traditionally considered with potential to improve sleep. Herein, based on the Drosophila activity monitoring, metabolome, targeted screening and transcriptome, the material basis and mechanism of HC on sleep-improvement was investigated. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of HC (HAE) as well as the ethanol extracts (HEE) all prolonged the total sleep time of insomnia fruit flies, especially HEE-60 and HEE-95 exhibited more significant effects. In addition, 539 of 728 found metabolites were screened as potential sleep-improved metabolites, and quercetin, linoleic acid, phenethyl caffeate, L-methionine and γ-aminobutyric acid were considered as core active metabolites. Meanwhile, 368 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed by transcriptomics analysis, and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was deduced as the main pathway by KEGG pathway enrichment. Furthermore, nine DEGs located in this pathway, namely betaTry, deltaTry, gammaTry, epsilonTry, etaTry, iotaTry, lambdaTry, kappaTry and CG30031 were proven being up-regulated. All these results contribute to the development of HC-related functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luyi Pan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiying Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuanming Sun
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Lin Z, Green EW, Webster SG, Hastings MH, Wilcockson DC, Kyriacou CP. The circadian clock gene bmal1 is necessary for co-ordinated circatidal rhythms in the marine isopod Eurydice pulchra (Leach). PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011011. [PMID: 37856540 PMCID: PMC10617734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks in terrestrial animals are encoded by molecular feedback loops involving the negative regulators PERIOD, TIMELESS or CRYPTOCHROME2 and positive transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1/CYCLE. The molecular basis of circatidal (~12.4 hour) or other lunar-mediated cycles (~15 day, ~29 day), widely expressed in coastal organisms, is unknown. Disrupting circadian clockworks does not appear to affect lunar-based rhythms in several organisms that inhabit the shoreline suggesting a molecular independence of the two cycles. Nevertheless, pharmacological inhibition of casein kinase 1 (CK1) that targets PERIOD stability in mammals and flies, affects both circadian and circatidal phenotypes in Eurydice pulchra (Ep), the speckled sea-louse. Here we show that these drug inhibitors of CK1 also affect the phosphorylation of EpCLK and EpBMAL1 and disrupt EpCLK-BMAL1-mediated transcription in Drosophila S2 cells, revealing a potential link between these two positive circadian regulators and circatidal behaviour. We therefore performed dsRNAi knockdown of Epbmal1 as well as the major negative regulator in Eurydice, Epcry2 in animals taken from the wild. Epcry2 and Epbmal1 knockdown disrupted Eurydice's circadian phenotypes of chromatophore dispersion, tim mRNA cycling and the circadian modulation of circatidal swimming, as expected. However, circatidal behaviour was particularly sensitive to Epbmal1 knockdown with consistent effects on the power, amplitude and rhythmicity of the circatidal swimming cycle. Thus, three Eurydice negative circadian regulators, EpCRY2, in addition to EpPER and EpTIM (from a previous study), do not appear to be required for the expression of robust circatidal behaviour, in contrast to the positive regulator EpBMAL1. We suggest a neurogenetic model whereby the positive circadian regulators EpBMAL1-CLK are shared between circadian and circatidal mechanisms in Eurydice but circatidal rhythms require a novel, as yet unknown negative regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lin
- Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Edward W. Green
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Simon G. Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | - David C. Wilcockson
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
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Gao DM, Qiao JH, Gao Q, Zhang J, Zang Y, Xie L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fu J, Zhang H, Han C, Wang XB. A plant cytorhabdovirus modulates locomotor activity of insect vectors to enhance virus transmission. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5754. [PMID: 37717061 PMCID: PMC10505171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmission of many plant viruses relies on phloem-feeding insect vectors. However, how plant viruses directly modulate insect behavior is largely unknown. Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus). Here, we show that BYSMV infects the central nervous system (CNS) of SBPHs, induces insect hyperactivity, and prolongs phloem feeding duration. The BYSMV accessory protein P6 interacts with the COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (LsCSN5) of SBPHs and suppresses LsCSN5-regulated de-neddylation from the Cullin 1 (CUL1), hereby inhibiting CUL1-based E3 ligases-mediated degradation of the circadian clock protein Timeless (TIM). Thus, virus infection or knockdown of LsCSN5 compromises TIM oscillation and induces high insect locomotor activity for transmission. Additionally, expression of BYSMV P6 in the CNS of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster disturbs circadian rhythm and induces high locomotor activity. Together, our results suggest the molecular mechanisms whereby BYSMV modulates locomotor activity of insect vectors for transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ji-Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Ajayi OM, Wynne NE, Chen SC, Vinauger C, Benoit JB. Sleep: An Essential and Understudied Process in the Biology of Blood-Feeding Arthropods. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:530-547. [PMID: 37429615 PMCID: PMC10503478 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology of blood-feeding arthropods is critical to managing them as vectors of etiological agents. Circadian rhythms act in the regulation of behavioral and physiological aspects such as blood feeding, immunity, and reproduction. However, the impact of sleep on these processes has been largely ignored in blood-feeding arthropods, but recent studies in mosquitoes show that sleep-like states directly impact host landing and blood feeding. Our focus in this review is on discussing the relationship between sleep and circadian rhythms in blood-feeding arthropods along with how unique aspects such as blood gluttony and dormancy can impact sleep-like states. We highlight that sleep-like states are likely to have profound impacts on vector-host interactions but will vary between lineages even though few direct studies have been conducted. A myriad of factors, such as artificial light, could directly impact the time and levels of sleep in blood-feeding arthropods and their roles as vectors. Lastly, we discuss underlying factors that make sleep studies in blood-feeding arthropods difficult and how these can be bypassed. As sleep is a critical factor in the fitness of animal systems, a lack of focus on sleep in blood-feeding arthropods represents a significant oversight in understanding their behavior and its role in pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun M Ajayi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Nicole E Wynne
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Shyh-Chi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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45
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Poe AR, Zhu L, Szuperak M, McClanahan PD, Anafi RC, Scholl B, Thum AS, Cavanaugh DJ, Kayser MS. Developmental emergence of sleep rhythms enables long-term memory in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2301. [PMID: 37683005 PMCID: PMC10491288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In adulthood, sleep-wake rhythms are one of the most prominent behaviors under circadian control. However, during early life, sleep is spread across the 24-hour day. The mechanism through which sleep rhythms emerge, and consequent advantage conferred to a juvenile animal, is unknown. In the second-instar Drosophila larvae (L2), like in human infants, sleep is not under circadian control. We identify the precise developmental time point when the clock begins to regulate sleep in Drosophila, leading to emergence of sleep rhythms in early third-instars (L3). At this stage, a cellular connection forms between DN1a clock neurons and arousal-promoting Dh44 neurons, bringing arousal under clock control to drive emergence of circadian sleep. Last, we demonstrate that L3 but not L2 larvae exhibit long-term memory (LTM) of aversive cues and that this LTM depends upon deep sleep generated once sleep rhythms begin. We propose that the developmental emergence of circadian sleep enables more complex cognitive processes, including the onset of enduring memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Poe
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucy Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Milan Szuperak
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ron C. Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Scholl
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andreas S. Thum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthew S. Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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46
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McKenzie-Smith GC, Wolf SW, Ayroles JF, Shaevitz JW. Capturing continuous, long timescale behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster postural data. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2309.04044v1. [PMID: 37731659 PMCID: PMC10508836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavior spans many timescales, from short, seconds-scale actions to circadian rhythms over many hours to life-long changes during aging. Most quantitative behavior studies have focused on short-timescale behaviors such as locomotion and grooming. Analysis of these data suggests there exists a hierarchy of timescales; however, the limited duration of these experiments prevents the investigation of the full temporal structure. To access longer timescales of behavior, we continuously recorded individual Drosophila melanogaster at 100 frames per second for up to 7 days at a time in featureless arenas on sucrose-agarose media. We use the deep learning framework SLEAP to produce a full-body postural data set for 47 individuals resulting in nearly 2 billion pose instances. We identify stereotyped behaviors such as grooming, proboscis extension, and locomotion and use the resulting ethograms to explore how the flies' behavior varies across time of day and days in the experiment. We find distinct circadian patterns in all of our stereotyped behavior and also see changes in behavior over the course of the experiment as the flies weaken and die.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W. Wolf
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Julien F. Ayroles
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua W. Shaevitz
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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47
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Kohsaka H. Linking neural circuits to the mechanics of animal behavior in Drosophila larval locomotion. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1175899. [PMID: 37711343 PMCID: PMC10499525 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1175899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The motions that make up animal behavior arise from the interplay between neural circuits and the mechanical parts of the body. Therefore, in order to comprehend the operational mechanisms governing behavior, it is essential to examine not only the underlying neural network but also the mechanical characteristics of the animal's body. The locomotor system of fly larvae serves as an ideal model for pursuing this integrative approach. By virtue of diverse investigation methods encompassing connectomics analysis and quantification of locomotion kinematics, research on larval locomotion has shed light on the underlying mechanisms of animal behavior. These studies have elucidated the roles of interneurons in coordinating muscle activities within and between segments, as well as the neural circuits responsible for exploration. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research on the neuromechanics of animal locomotion in fly larvae. We also briefly review interspecific diversity in fly larval locomotion and explore the latest advancements in soft robots inspired by larval locomotion. The integrative analysis of animal behavior using fly larvae could establish a practical framework for scrutinizing the behavior of other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kohsaka
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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48
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Yuan Y, Chen Q, Brovkina M, Clowney EJ, Yadlapalli S. Clock-dependent chromatin accessibility rhythms regulate circadian transcription. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553315. [PMID: 37645872 PMCID: PMC10462003 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation by controlling the accessibility of DNA to transcription machinery. While significant progress has been made in understanding the regulatory role of clock proteins in circadian rhythms, how chromatin organization affects circadian rhythms remains poorly understood. Here, we employed ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing) on FAC-sorted Drosophila clock neurons to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility over the circadian cycle. We observed significant circadian oscillations in chromatin accessibility at promoter and enhancer regions of hundreds of genes, with enhanced accessibility either at dusk or dawn, which correlated with their peak transcriptional activity. Notably, genes with enhanced accessibility at dusk were enriched with E-box motifs, while those more accessible at dawn were enriched with VRI/PDP1-box motifs, indicating that they are regulated by the core circadian feedback loops, PER/CLK and VRI/PDP1, respectively. Further, we observed a complete loss of chromatin accessibility rhythms in per01 null mutants, with chromatin consistently accessible throughout the circadian cycle, underscoring the critical role of Period protein in driving chromatin compaction during the repression phase. Together, this study demonstrates the significant role of chromatin organization in circadian regulation, revealing how the interplay between clock proteins and chromatin structure orchestrates the precise timing of biological processes throughout the day. This work further implies that variations in chromatin accessibility might play a central role in the generation of diverse circadian gene expression patterns in clock neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Margarita Brovkina
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - E Josephine Clowney
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute Affiliate, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Swathi Yadlapalli
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute Affiliate, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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49
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Gonulkirmaz-Cancalar O, Shertzer O, Bloch G. Bumble Bees ( Bombus terrestris) Use Time-Memory to Associate Reward with Color and Time of Day. INSECTS 2023; 14:707. [PMID: 37623417 PMCID: PMC10455649 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate ecologically important complex behaviors in honey bees, but it is not clear whether similar capacities exist in other species of bees. One key behavior influenced by circadian clocks is time-memory, which enables foraging bees to precisely time flower visitation to periods of maximal pollen or nectar availability and reduces the costs of visiting a non-rewarding flower patch. Bumble bees live in smaller societies and typically forage over shorter distances than honey bees, and it is therefore not clear whether they can similarly associate reward with time of day. We trained individually marked bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) workers to forage for sugar syrup in a flight cage with yellow or blue feeders rewarding either during the morning or evening. After training for over two weeks, we recorded all visitations to colored feeders filled with only water. We performed two experiments, each with a different colony. We found that bees tended to show higher foraging activity during the morning and evening training sessions compared to other times during the day. During the test day, the trained bees were more likely to visit the rewarding rather than the non-rewarding colored feeders at the same time of day during the test sessions, indicating that they associated time of day and color with the sugar syrup reward. These observations lend credence to the hypothesis that bumble bees have efficient time-memory, indicating that this complex behavior is not limited to honey bees that evolved sophisticated social foraging behaviors over large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Gonulkirmaz-Cancalar
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (O.G.-C.); (O.S.)
| | - Oded Shertzer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (O.G.-C.); (O.S.)
| | - Guy Bloch
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander A. Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat-Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (O.G.-C.); (O.S.)
- The Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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50
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Le E, McCarthy T, Honer M, Curtin CE, Fingerut J, Nelson MD. The neuropeptide receptor npr-38 regulates avoidance and stress-induced sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3155-3168.e9. [PMID: 37419114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Although essential and conserved, sleep is not without its challenges that must be overcome; most notably, it renders animals vulnerable to threats in the environment. Infection and injury increase sleep demand, which dampens sensory responsiveness to stimuli, including those responsible for the initial insult. Stress-induced sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans occurs in response to cellular damage following noxious exposures the animals attempted to avoid. Here, we describe a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) encoded by npr-38, which is required for stress-related responses including avoidance, sleep, and arousal. Overexpression of npr-38 shortens the avoidance phase and causes animals to initiate movement quiescence and arouse early. npr-38 functions in the ADL sensory neurons, which express neuropeptides encoded by nlp-50, also required for movement quiescence. npr-38 regulates arousal by acting on the DVA and RIS interneurons. Our work demonstrates that this single GPCR regulates multiple aspects of the stress response by functioning in sensory and sleep interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Le
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Teagan McCarthy
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Madison Honer
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Caroline E Curtin
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Jonathan Fingerut
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Matthew D Nelson
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.
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