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Sumy MSA, Parh MYA, Soni MSM, Saifuddin N, Elma JF, Zarei H, Hossain MM. Differences in Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight According to Rural-Urban Residence Strata among Ever-Married Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Bangladesh. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:229-240. [PMID: 38984237 PMCID: PMC11229563 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to compare the prevalence of underweight and overweight among ever-married, non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Bangladesh by urban or rural residency status. Methods This study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2017 data. Cross-sectional study design with two-stage stratified sampling method was employed. A sample of ever-married non-pregnant women of reproductive age was selected and multinomial logistic regression was utilised in analysis. Results It was found that around half of rural women (45.0%, N = 4,934) and more than half of urban women (60.3%, n = 3,913) were overweight. Nearly one in seven rural women (14.0%, n = 1,537) and 1 in 12 urban women (9.0%, n = 564) were reported as underweight. Our analyses revealed that being overweight was substantially connected with age, husband's occupation, economic status, television access, and division for both urban and rural areas. Women from poor households were significantly more likely to be underweight than women from middle- income households for both urban (P < 0.05; OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.94) and rural (P < 0.05; OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.46) areas. Interestingly, women without television access both in urban (P < 0.001; OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91) and rural (P < 0.001; OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.84) areas had an inverse association with overweight/obesity compared to women with television access. In both areas, women in Sylhet and Mymensingh had higher likelihood of being underweight than Barisal division. Additionally, in both residential zones, women in Sylhet had lower likelihood of being overweight than Barisal division. Conclusion This study reveals that multiple characteristics are linked to both overweight and underweight among ever-married, non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Addressing these variables should be a priority in public health efforts to combat the dual challenge of malnutrition in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sharmin Akter Sumy
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Statistics, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yasin Ali Parh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Statistics, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Hamid Zarei
- Department of Health Management and Systems Science, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Md Murad Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
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Flores LA, Datta Banik S, Cameron N, Fragoso IJ. Growth in height and its association with overweight and obesity in Mexican children: an evaluation based on a nationally representative sample (ENSANUT 2018). Front Public Health 2024; 12:1339195. [PMID: 38572009 PMCID: PMC10989078 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the height growth curve for Mexican boys and girls based on their body mass index (BMI) status (normal and overweight/obese) and to develop a height Lambda, Mu, and Sigma (LMS) growth reference for Mexican children aged 2 to 18 years. Methods Chronological age and height records (7,097 boys and 6,167 girls) were obtained from the Mexican National Survey of Health and Nutrition database. Height growth curves were fitted using the Preece-Baines 1 (PB1) model and the LMS method. Results Age at peak height velocity (APHV) was 12.4 and 12.7 years for overweight-obese and normal-weight boys, respectively, and was 9.6 and 10.4 years for overweight-obese and normal-weight girls, respectively. Growth velocity was higher at the age of take-off (TO) in overweight-obese children than in normal-weight children (5.2 cm/year vs. 5 cm/year in boys and 6.1 cm/year vs. 5.6 cm/year in girls); nevertheless, the growth velocity at APHV was higher for normal-weight children than for overweight-obese children (7.4 cm/year vs. 6.6 cm/year in boys and 6.8 cm/year vs. 6.6 cm/year in girls, respectively). Distance curves developed in the present study and by the World Health Organization (WHO) using LMS showed similar values for L and S parameters and a higher M value compared with the WHO reference values. Conclusion This study concluded that overweight-obese children had earlier APHV and lower PHV than normal-weight children. Furthermore, Mexican children and adolescents were shorter than the WHO growth reference by age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudip Datta Banik
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies - Mérida Unit, Merida, Mexico
| | - Noel Cameron
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Oyama S, Duckham RL, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Kershaw EE, Wood A, Fidow UT, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Viali S, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Association between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk among Samoan adults. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e23982. [PMID: 37668413 PMCID: PMC10845161 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies suggest that early menarche may increase cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Yet few studies have examined this association in the Pacific Islands, where obesity prevalence is among the highest globally. We sought to examine associations between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk in Samoa. METHODS Participants were from the Soifua Manuia study (n = 285, age 32-72 years) conducted in Samoa from 2017 to 2019. Logistic regressions were conducted to estimate odds of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome per one-year increase in age at menarche. Linear regressions were conducted to examine associations between age at menarche and continuous measures of adiposity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and serum lipids. RESULTS Median age at menarche was 14 years (IQR = 2). After controlling for relevant covariates, each one-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a 15% decrease (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1.01, p = .067) in odds of hypertension, but a 21% increase (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45, p = .044) in odds of diabetes and 18% increase (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98-1.42, p = .081) in odds of high total cholesterol. Each additional year in age at menarche was associated with a 1.60 ± 0.52 kg (p = .002) decrease in lean mass and 1.56 ± 0.51 kg (p = .003) decrease in fat-free mass. CONCLUSIONS Associations between age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk may be population-specific and are likely influenced by both current and historical nutritional and epidemiological contexts. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of childhood adiposity and other early life exposures on age at menarche and subsequent cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Oyama
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Department of Medicine, Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashlee Wood
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulai T Fidow
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | | | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Nyati LH, Norris SA, Micklesfield LK, Adair LS, Fall C, Lee NR, Martorell R, Osmond C, Richter LM, Sachdev HS, Horta B, Stein AD. Growth in Infancy and Childhood and Age at Menarche in Five Low- or Middle-Income Countries: Consortium of Health Orientated Research in Transitional Societies (COHORTS). J Nutr 2023; 153:2736-2743. [PMID: 37451558 PMCID: PMC10517227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier age at menarche is associated with behavioral and noncommunicable disease risks. The influence of birth weight (BW) (intrauterine) and postnatal growth on age at menarche is not well studied in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE Therefore, we investigated these associations in 5 LMIC birth cohorts. METHODS We analyzed data from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa (n = 3983). We derived stunting (< -2 SD scores) at 24 mo using the WHO child growth standards. We generated interaction terms with categorized BW and conditional weight (lighter < 0 or heavier ≥ 0), and height (shorter < 0 or taller ≥ 0) z-scores. We categorized early-, modal-, and late-onset menarche and used multilevel ordinal regression. We used multilevel linear regression on continuous age at menarche. RESULTS Mean age at menarche was 12.8 y (95% CI: 12.7 12.9). BW was not associated with age at menarche. Conditional height at 24 mo and mid-childhood (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.44 and 1.32; 1.25, 1.41, respectively) and conditional weight at 24 mo and mid-childhood (OR: 1.15; 1.08, 1.22 and 1.18; 1.11, 1.25, respectively) were associated with increased likelihood of early-onset menarche. Being heavier at birth and taller at 24 mo was associated with a 4-mo (95% CI: 0.8, 7.6) earlier age at menarche than being lighter at birth and shorter at 24 mo. Being heavier at birth but lighter in mid-childhood was associated with a 3-mo (95% CI: 0.8, 4.8) later age at menarche than being lighter at birth and mid-childhood. Age at menarche was 7 mo later in stunted than nonstunted girls. CONCLUSION Age at menarche is inversely related to relative weight gain but also to rapid linear growth among those born shorter but remained stunted, and those born taller and grew excessively. These findings do not deter the global health goal to reduce growth faltering but emphasize the potential adverse effects of an obesogenic environment on adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukhanyo H Nyati
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Interprofessional Education Unit, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Human Development and Health and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Caroline Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., and Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Bernardo Horta
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behaviour, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Cao T, Zhao J, Hong X, Wang G, Pearson C, Adams WG, Hu FB, Wang X, Liang L. Cord Blood Plasma Metabolome-wide Associations With Height From Birth to Adolescence. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:707-718. [PMID: 36805685 PMCID: PMC10182250 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the maternal intrauterine metabolic environment has been recognized to have a profound impact on fetal growth and development with lifelong health implications, to our knowledge, there have been few large-scale birth cohort studies linking the cord metabolome (reflecting both the maternal and fetal metabolic state) with postnatal height measurements across the pediatric age range. Using data from the Boston Birth Cohort, an ongoing prospective birth cohort, this study investigated the association of cord plasma metabolites with children's height from birth to adolescence. Height was analyzed as attained height and longitudinal trajectories. Distinctive cord metabolite types were associated with attained height at different developmental windows: triacylglycerols [TAGs], diacylglycerols [DAGs], cholesterol ester [CEs], phospholipids, amino acids [AAs], acylcarnitines [ACs], and nucleotides in early (age 0-4 years) and middle (age 6-12 years) childhood; various metabolite types other than TAGs in later childhood (after age 14 years). Functional principal component analysis on children's repeated height measurements summarized two typical height trajectory components: loadings on first eigenfunction [FPC1] representing overall height by age, and loadings on second eigenfunction [FPC2] representing speed of pubertal height growth. Although only one cord metabolite was correlated with FPC1 after accounting for multiple testing, the study found 27 metabolites with significant overall effect on FPC2 among females and 18 among males. These metabolites were mostly phospholipids (including phosphatidylethanolamines [PEs], phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens [PE_Ps], phosphatidylcholines [PCs], lysophosphatidylethanolamines [LPEs], and lysophosphatidylcholines [LPCs]), AAs, and nucleotides. Their associations with height differed between overweight/obesity (OWO) and non-OWO children, especially among females. In this prospective study of US understudied urban, low-income, racially diverse children, we demonstrated that cord plasma metabolites were significantly associated with postnatal attained height at different age windows as well as height trajectories from birth to adolescence. We also revealed how these associations differed by children's sex and OWO status. Our findings help elucidate metabolic pathways underlying fetal origins of height growth across developmental stages. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jiaxuan Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, John Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, John Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - William G. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on the Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, John Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115
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Vorobeľová L, Falbová D, Candráková Čerňanová V. Contribution of environmental factors and female reproductive history to hypertension and obesity incidence in later life. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:236-247. [PMID: 35867530 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HT) and obesity, which are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, are complex traits determined by multiple biological and behavioural factors. However, the role of female reproductive history in evaluating HT and obesity is still unclear. AIM To investigate the long-term effects of reproductive factors on the probability of obesity and HT in later life after adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle behaviour factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 503 women (39 - 65 years) were recruited from different localities in Slovakia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to test the associations. RESULTS Early menarche age of 11 years and under was associated with twice higher probability of obesity at midlife, independent of environmental confounders (OR = 2.27, CI = 1.35 - 3.81, p = 0.002). Breastfeeding (Bf) women had a lower likelihood of obesity in later life than non-Bf parous women, independent of environmental confounders (OR = 0.35, CI = 0.17 - 0.72, p = 0.004). Finally, age at menarche was associated with obesity-associated HT. CONCLUSION Reproductive factors are significantly associated with obesity and obesity-associated HT in later life. The age at menarche and Bf can be risk factors for early identification of women with increased likelihood of adult cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Vorobeľová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Darina Falbová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zhang L, Yang L, Wang C, Yuan T, Zhang D, Wei H, Li J, Lei Y, Sun L, Li X, Hua Y, Che H, Li Y. Mediator or moderator? The role of obesity in the association between age at menarche and blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051486. [PMID: 35618334 PMCID: PMC9137347 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the moderation/mediation between the age of menarche and obesity parameters in predicting blood pressure (BP) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. DESIGN Our study is a population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants in this study came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PARTICIPANTS The analytical sample included 4513 participants aged 45-96 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Data were selected from the CHARLS, a cross-sectional study. Between-group differences were evaluated using χ2, t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The trend of related variables by characteristics was also tested using contrast analysis, as appropriate. Then, correlations between characteristics, moderator, mediator, and independent and dependent variables were used by Spearman's correlation test and Pearson's correlation test. Finally, the mediation analysis was performed by model 4 in PROCESS V3.3 macro for SSPSS, and moderation analysis was used by model 1 for assessment. All covariates were adjusted in the moderation or mediation models. RESULTS In the correlation analysis, body mass index (BMI) and waist circle (WC) level were positively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in women (BMI and DBP: r=0.221, p<0.001; WC and DBP: r=0.183, p<0.001; BMI and SBP: r=0.129, p<0.001; WC and SBP: r=0.177, p<0.001). Age of menarche was negatively correlated with DBP (r=-0.060, p<0.001). However, the age of menarche was not significantly correlated with SBP (r=-0.014, p=0.335). In the moderator analysis, after controlling for the potential confounders, the interaction term of obesity parameters×age of menarche was not significant for predicting either DBP (BMI: B=0.0260, SE=0.0229, p=0.2556, 95% CI -0.0189 to 0.071; WC: B=0.0099, SE=0.0074, p=0.1833, 95% CI -0.0047 to 0.0244) or SBP (BMI: B=0.0091, SE=0.0504, p=0.8561, 95% CI -0.0897 to 0.108; WC: B=-0.0032, SE=0.0159, p=0.8427, 95% CI -0.0343 to 0.028). All correlations were significant correlation between age of menarche, obesity parameters and BP except the path of the menarche age→SBP (with the addition of the BMI indicator: β=-0.0004, B=-0.0046, p=0.9797, 95% CI -0.3619 to 0.3526; with the addition of the WC indicator: β=0.0004, B=0.0044, p=0.9804, 95% CI -0.3439 to 0.3526) in crude model. In general, after controlling for potential confounders, BMI (DBP: β=-0.0471, B= -0.2682, p=0.0021, 95% CI -0.4388 to -0.0976; SBP: β=-0.0515, B=-0.6314, p<0.001, 95% CI -0.9889 to -0.2739) and WC (DBP: β=-0.0474, B= -0.2689, p<0.001, 95% CI -0.4395 to -0.0984; SBP: β=-0.0524, B=-0.6320, p<0.001, 95% CI -0.9832 to -0.2807) partly mediated the relationship between age of menarche and BP. CONCLUSIONS The interaction term of obesity parameters×age of menarche was not significant for predicting either DBP or SBP in women. Moreover, obesity parameters partly mediated the relationship between the age of menarche and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- School of Nursing, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Rehabilitation Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hengying Che
- Department of Nursing, Yijishan Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanzhen Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Association of early menarche with elevated BMI, lower body height and relative leg length among 14- to 16-year-old post-menarcheal girls from a Maya community in Yucatan, Mexico. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.85.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human body segments have different timing and tempo of growth. Early menarche (EM) as an indicator of early reproductive maturity results in a shortened height and leg length. Relatively larger trunk may increase risk for more body fat deposit and higher body mass index (BMI) due to the allometry of total body fat with body proportions. The objective of the study was to assess the association of EM with BMI, absolute body size [height, sitting height (SH), subischial leg length (SLL)] and relative body dimensions [sitting height to subischial leg length ratio (SHSLLR), relative subischial leg length (RSLL)] among 14- to 16-year-old post-menarcheal girls from a rural Maya community in Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Mexico. In a cross-sectional study, post-menarcheal girls (n=51) aged 14 to 16 years had EM (n=22) (<12 years of age) and not early menarche (NEM, n=29). Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and SH were recorded. Derived variables were BMI, height and BMI-for-age z-scores, SLL, SHSLLR, and RSLL. Mean value of age at menarche (AM) was 13 years (EM 11 years, NEM 14 years). Mean values of height (EM 159 cm, NEM 164 cm), BMI (EM 20 kg/m2, NEM 19 kg/m2), sitting height (EM 81 cm, NEM 78 cm), SLL (EM 79 cm, NEM 85 cm), SHSLLR (EM 102.93%, NEM 92.03%), and RSLL (EM 49%, NEM 52%) were different (p<0.05) in the two groups. BMI showed significant negative correlation with AM (Pearson’s r=-0.29, p<0.04). Linear regression models adjusted for age showed that EM had different interrelationships (p<0.05) with body dimensions: positive with BMI, SH, SHSLLR, and negative with height, SLL, and RSLL. Earlier AM was associated with higher BMI, SH, SHSLLR and lower SLL, RSLL, explaining lower body height and leg length among the participant EM girls. In the light of life history theory, EM results in a growth trade-off, short stature and larger trunk relative to leg length that might enhance risk for body fat gain.
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Żurawiecka M, Wronka I. Association between age at menarche and body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio in adult women. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23523. [PMID: 33085157 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine associations between age at menarche and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in young adult women. METHODS Anthropometric data and age at menarche information were collected in two cross-sectional surveys conducted in the years 2004-2006 (Cohort 1) and 2016-2018 (Cohort 2). A total of 2419 women, aged 19-24 years., were included. RESULTS Statistically significant relationships between age at menarche and BMI, WHtR, and WC were observed. The values of the anthropometric parameters decreased with increasing age at menarche. The onset of menstruation before the age of 12 years. was linked to a heightened risk of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25) and abdominal obesity defined as WC > 80 cm and/or WHtR ≥ 0.5. First menstruation after the age of 14 y. was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25, WC > 80 cm and/or WHtR ≥ 0.5), as well as a higher risk of being underweight (BMI < 18.5 and/or WHtR < 0.4). Associations between anthropometry and menarcheal timing were stronger in Cohort 1. CONCLUSION Both early and late onset of menarche are associated with abnormal body composition: Early menarche is associated with overweight, while later maturing girls have a heightened risk of underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Żurawiecka
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Wronka
- Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Ahmed KY, Abrha S, Page A, Arora A, Shiferaw S, Tadese F, Seifu CN, Yeneabat T, Alemu E, Gebremichael DY, Seiko A, Ogbo FA. Trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1276. [PMID: 32838771 PMCID: PMC7447570 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional, epidemiological and demographic transitions have been associated with the emergence of the double burden of malnutrition globally. In Ethiopia, there has been no nationally representative investigation of trends and determinants of both underweight and overweight/obesity among urban women. This study examined the trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity in urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016. METHODS Trends in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity were investigated based on a series of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for the years 2000 (n = 2559), 2005 (n = 1112), 2011 (n = 3569), and 2016 (n = 3106). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the association between socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural, and community-level factors with underweight and overweight/obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of underweight in urban Ethiopian women reduced significantly from 23.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3, 26.3%) in 2000 to 14.8% (95% CI: 13.1, 16.7%) in 2016, while overweight/obesity increased significantly from 10.9% (95% CI: 9.1, 13.0%) in 2000 to 21.4% (95% CI: 18.2, 25.1%) in 2016. Urban women from rich households and those who had never married were less likely to be underweight. Urban women who were from wealthy households and those who attained at least secondary education were more likely to be overweight/obese. Women who were informally employed and listened to the radio were less likely to be overweight/obese compared to those who were unemployed and did not listen to the radio, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 2000 to 2016, with a concurrent reduction in the prevalence of underweight. Interventions aiming to reduce overweight and obesity should target urban women with higher education, those who resided in wealthier households and those who watched the television.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir Y. Ahmed
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara-Logia, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Abrha
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolayta Sodo University, Wolayta Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Solomon Shiferaw
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Tadese
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Canaan Negash Seifu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Tebikew Yeneabat
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Emana Alemu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Seiko
- CARE Ethiopia, Partner for The Resilience Project, Afar, Samara-Logia, Ethiopia
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Campbelltown, Sydney, NSW Australia
- General Practice Unit, Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
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11
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Ahmed KY, Rwabilimbo AG, Abrha S, Page A, Arora A, Tadese F, Beyene TY, Seiko A, Endris AA, Agho KE, Ogbo FA. Factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity in reproductive age Tanzanian women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237720. [PMID: 32834011 PMCID: PMC7444815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underweight, overweight, and obesity are major public health challenges among reproductive-age women of lower- and middle-income countries (including Tanzania). In those settings, obesogenic factors (attributes that promote excessive body weight gain) are increasing in the context of an existing high burden of undernutrition. The present study investigated factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity among reproductive age women in Tanzania. METHODS This study used 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey data (n = 11735). To account for the hierarchical nature of the data (i.e., reproductive age women nested within clusters), multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between individual-level (socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural) and community-level factors with underweight, overweight, and obesity. RESULTS Reproductive age women who were informally employed (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.96), those who were currently married (RRR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.82) and those who used contraceptives (RRR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.90) were less likely to be underweight. Reproductive age women who attained secondary or higher education (RRR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.96), those who resided in wealthier households (RRR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.78, 3.03) and those who watched the television (RRR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50) were more likely to be overweight. The risk of experiencing obesity was higher among reproductive age women who attained secondary or higher education (RRR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.61), those who were formally employed (RRR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.98), those who resided in wealthier households (RRR = 4.77; 95% CI: 3.03, 7.50), those who used alcohol (RRR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.82) and/or watched the television (RRR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.13). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that relevant government jurisdictions need to identify, promote, and implement evidence-based interventions that can simultaneously address underweight and overweight/obesity among reproductive age women in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir Y. Ahmed
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Abdon G. Rwabilimbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Chato District Council, Geita Region, Northwestern Tanzania
| | - Solomon Abrha
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolayta Sodo University, Wolayta Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Fentaw Tadese
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tigistu Yemane Beyene
- CDT Africa, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Kingsley E. Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- General Practice Unit, Prescot Specialist Medical Centre Makurdi, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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Moreno-Padilla M, Maldonado-Montero EF, Enguix-Armada A, Reyes Del Paso GA. Salivary Alpha-Amylase Mediates the Increase in Hunger Levels in Adolescents with Excess Weight after Viewing Food Images. Child Obes 2020; 16:53-58. [PMID: 31545072 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) initiates the digestion process in the mouth and its levels might influence feelings of hunger and the propensity toward obesity. This study aims to evaluate basal differences in sAA between adolescents with excess weight (EW) and normal weight (NW), and the associations between sAA levels and feelings of hunger after viewing food images. Methods: Adolescents (13-18 years old) classified as EW (n = 30) or NW (n = 30) participated in the study. Saliva samples were collected before the administration of a food-choice task. Hunger was evaluated before and after the food-choice task. Results: EW adolescents showed lower basal sAA levels than NW adolescents and a greater increase in hunger levels after viewing food images. In addition, sAA levels had a significant inverse relationship with the increase in hunger in EW adolescents, but not in NW adolescents. Finally, significant inverse associations between sAA, BMI, and body fat percentage were found. Conclusions: Levels of hunger and changes therein, after viewing food are dependent on sAA levels in EW adolescents. This finding indicates that sAA levels may be a mediator of feelings of hunger in individuals with overweight in the context of viewing food cues, suggesting the utility of the sAA enzyme as a marker of hunger and propensity toward obesity.
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Figueiredo RADO, Simola-Ström S, Isomaa R, Weiderpass E. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating symptoms in Finnish preadolescents. Eat Disord 2019; 27:34-51. [PMID: 30040544 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1499335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate whether body dissatisfaction is associated with disordered eating symptoms in Finnish preadolescents, and to assess the moderator effects of gender and body mass index on this association. We included 10,526 9- to 12-year-old preadolescents at baseline from the Finnish Health in Teens cohort. We used the Children's Eating Attitudes Test for assessing disordered eating symptoms and a pictoral instrument for evaluating body dissatisfaction, comparing self-assessment of wanted and current body shape. Odds ratio (OR) for disordered eating symptoms were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. A high percentage of preadolescents reported body dissatisfaction: 30.0% wanted a smaller body and 9.3% wanted a larger body. Only 2.2% of the participants had disordered eating symptoms. Preadolescents who wanted a larger (OR = 2.83; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.68-4.78) or smaller body (OR = 4.48; 95% CI: 3.20-6.26) had a higher risk of having disordered eating symptoms, compared to preadolescents satisfied with their body. Among preadolescents who wanted a smaller body, the effect of body dissatisfaction was more pronounced among girls (OR = 5.00; 95% CI: 3.25-7.70) than boys, and among normal-weight (OR = 6.82; 95% CI: 4.53-10.25) and underweight (OR = 23.23; 95% CI: 5.31-101.61) than overweight preadolescents. Body dissatisfaction is associated with disordered eating symptoms especially among girls, and those who are underweight and normal-weight. Our study suggests that, in the prevention of eating disorders, special attention should be given to preadolescents with body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabina Simola-Ström
- a Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Rasmus Isomaa
- c Department of Social Services and Health Car , Åbo Akademi University , Jakobstad , Finland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- a Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki , Finland.,b Faculty of Medicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,d Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,e Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway , Institute of Population Based Cancer Research Oslo, Tromsø , Norway.,f Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø , Norway
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14
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Lazzeri G, Tosti C, Pammolli A, Troiano G, Vieno A, Canale N, Dalmasso P, Lemma P, Borraccino A, Petraglia F, Luisi S. Overweight and lower age at menarche: evidence from the Italian HBSC cross-sectional survey. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 30340576 PMCID: PMC6194651 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background A unique standardized national dataset on adolescent girls (21 regions) participating in the Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) was used to investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche. Methods Two independent nationally representative survey datasets: one on 15-year-olds (n = 6907, in 21 regions, year 2013/2014) and one on 11-year-olds (n = 10,128, in 20 regions, year 2009/2010) were analysed. The survey instrument was a self-report questionnaire. Median age at menarche and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by means of Kaplan–Meier analysis. Hierarchical models were used to assess the relationship between BMI and age at menarche (months). “Region-level obesity” was measured as the prevalence of overweight/obesity (%) in each region. Results Region-level median age at menarche ranged between 12 years/3 months and 13 years/4 months. Region-level prevalence of overweight among 15-year-old girls ranged between 4 and 19%. Age at menarche was inversely associated with individual BMI (unstandardized regression coefficient beta = − 0.70; 95% CI, − 0.84 to − 0.56). Individual- and class-level measures of BMI accounted for 50% of the region-level variance in age at menarche. Conclusions The results show that overweight in childhood is in relation with the early puberty in girls. Future surveys may take into account this report to clarify if overweight is the cause or consequence of early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena, Siena, Italy. .,CREPS-Research for Health Education and Promotion, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Claudia Tosti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Pammolli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Troiano
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Macintosh AA, Wells JCK, Stock JT. Maternal investment, maturational rate of the offspring and mechanical competence of the adult female skeleton. Evol Med Public Health 2018; 2018:167-179. [PMID: 30152815 PMCID: PMC6101485 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY Girls with a slower life history trajectory build a larger body with larger and mechanically stronger bones. Thus, variation in the emergence of slower versus faster life history trajectories during development can have consequences for bone mechanical competence, and hence fracture risk in adulthood. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Variation in life history trajectory, specifically relative investment in growth versus reproduction, has been associated with chronic disease risk among women, but whether this scenario extends to skeletal health and fracture risk is unknown. This study investigates the association of life history traits (proxies for maternal investment and maturational rate) with female bone outcomes in adulthood. METHODOLOGY Body size variables, regional muscle and fat areas, and cross-sectional bone size and strength outcomes were obtained from 107 pre-menopausal women encompassing a wide range of physical activity levels. Developmental parameters (birth weight, age at menarche) were obtained from questionnaires. RESULTS High birth weight was significantly associated with a proportionately larger body and larger, mechanically stronger bones, independently of physical activity level. It was also positively but non-significantly associated with age at menarche. Later menarche was significantly associated with larger and mechanically stronger bones and substantially less absolute and relative regional subcutaneous fat. Age at menarche exhibited stronger relationships with adult adiposity than did physical activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both larger birth weight and later menarche contribute to a slower life history trajectory, which is associated with greater body size, leanness and bone mechanical competence in early adulthood. In contrast, earlier sexual maturity prioritized energy allocation in adiposity over body size and skeletal strength. Thus, the level of maternal investment and the woman's own life history trajectory shape investment in skeletal properties, with implications for fracture risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC, UK
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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16
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Werneck AO, Oyeyemi AL, Cyrino ES, Ronque ERV, Szwarcwald CL, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Silva DR. Association between age at menarche and blood pressure in adulthood: is obesity an important mediator? Hypertens Res 2018; 41:856-864. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Cloutier MM, Wiley JF, Trapp C, Haile J, Gorin AA. The Childcare Center: an Untapped Opportunity to Engage and Educate Families in Healthy Behaviors. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Araújo MLD, Cabral PC, de Arruda IKG, Silva Diniz A, da Conceição Chaves de Lemos M, Morais GQ. Early menarche in normal-weight girls and its association with excess weight, abdominal obesity and metabolic changes at the end of sexual maturation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1278-1284. [PMID: 27302670 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess whether early menarche in normal-weight girls is associated with excess weight, abdominal obesity and metabolic changes at the end of sexual maturation. SUBJECTS/METHODS This is a cohort study of 255 normal-weight girls aged 10-18 years attending public schools in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil. The following data were collected in 2007 and 2012: anthropometric; lifestyle, socioeconomic and demographic data; lipid profile; and self-assessed sexual maturation. RESULTS Eighty-four girls (32.9%) had early menarche. The socioeconomic level and time spent using a computer increased during this 5-year period, whereas the time spent watching television decreased. The prevalences of excess weight and abdominal obesity were 19.2% and 9.8%, respectively. The anthropometric and laboratory variables of girls with and without early menarche did not differ. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that early menarche did not influence weight, abdominal obesity and serum lipids in the final stage of sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L D Araújo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - P C Cabral
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - I K G de Arruda
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - A Silva Diniz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - G Q Morais
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Datta Banik S, Mendez N, Dickinson F. Height Growth and Percentage of Body Fat in Relation to Early Menarche in Girls from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Ecol Food Nutr 2016; 54:644-62. [PMID: 26517307 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2015.1072814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Early menarche (EM) (i.e., age at menarche [AAM] <12 years of age) is related to short height and higher body fatness. In a mixed-longitudinal study done in Merida, Yucatan, height, body mass index (BMI), and percentage of body fat (BF%) were recorded at a one-year interval among 258 postmenarcheal (EM = 94) girls. Anthropometric measurements were recorded of the age cohorts in 2008-09 when participants were 13-17 years of age (baseline), and in the one-year follow-up study (± 6 days) the girls were 14-18 years of age. The BF% was estimated through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Mean AAM was 10.59 years in EM girls and 12.54 years in not early menarche (NEM) girls. Height growth (cm/year) was greater in NEM girls. Mean values of BMI, BF%, and frequencies of stunting (low height-for-age) and excess weight (overweight + obesity) were higher in EM girls than in their NEM age peers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Mendez
- b Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi , Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY) , Merida , Mexico
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Werneck AO, Silva DRP, Souza MF, Christofaro DGD, Tomeleri CM, Fernandes RA, Ronque ER, Coelho‐e‐Silva MJ, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Correlates of Blood Pressure According to Early, On Time, and Late Maturation in Adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 18:424-30. [PMID: 26408345 PMCID: PMC8032168 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of blood pressure (BP) according to somatic maturation in Southern Brazilian adolescents. A total of 1321 adolescents participated in the study (732 girls), aged between 10 and 16 years, enrolled in public schools. The assessment of BP was performed using oscillometric equipment. Measurements of body weight, height, waist circumference, and skinfold thickness were performed. Somatic maturation was estimated by the age at peak height velocity. Behavioral and hereditary variables were obtained using a questionnaire. Early-maturing adolescents had the highest prevalence of high BP (28%; 95% confidence interval, 24.6-33.5) compared with other maturational groups (P=.003). In late-maturing adolescents, the variables associated with BP were paternal hypertension (systolic BP: β=4.9; diastolic BP: β=5.3) and early physical activity (systolic BP: β=-4.0; diastolic DBP: β=-3.6). In average-maturing adolescents, waist circumference (systolic BP: β=0.3), body mass index (diastolic BP: β=0.5), and mother's hypertension (diastolic BP: β=1.8) were positively related to BP. In early-maturing adolescents, only waist circumference (systolic BP: β=0.3; diastolic BP: β=0.3) was associated with BP. The authors conclude that the prevalence of high BP is greater in adolescents with early maturity and the outcome appears to be related to biological indicators in this group. On the other hand, in late-maturing adolescents, behavioral and hereditary variables are more related to BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O. Werneck
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENELondrina State University (UEL)LondrinaBrazil
| | - Danilo R. P. Silva
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENELondrina State University (UEL)LondrinaBrazil
| | - Mariana F. Souza
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENELondrina State University (UEL)LondrinaBrazil
| | - Diego G. D. Christofaro
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF)Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE)Department of Physical EducationSão Paulo State University (UNESP)Presidente PrudenteBrazil
| | - Crisieli M. Tomeleri
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENELondrina State University (UEL)LondrinaBrazil
| | - Rômulo A. Fernandes
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF)Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE)Department of Physical EducationSão Paulo State University (UNESP)Presidente PrudenteBrazil
| | - Enio R.V. Ronque
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENELondrina State University (UEL)LondrinaBrazil
| | | | - Luís B. Sardinha
- Exercise and Health LaboratoryCIPERFaculty of Human KineticsUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Edilson S. Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise – GEPEMENELondrina State University (UEL)LondrinaBrazil
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Wilson DA, Derraik JGB, Rowe DL, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Earlier Menarche Is Associated with Lower Insulin Sensitivity and Increased Adiposity in Young Adult Women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128427. [PMID: 26061526 PMCID: PMC4464528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether age at menarche was associated with insulin sensitivity in young adult women. METHODS We studied 54 healthy young women aged 20-30 years. Participants were grouped according to age at menarche: Early (≤11.0 years; n=13), Average (>12.0 and ≤13.0 years; n=28), and Late (≥14.0 years, n=13). Primary outcome was insulin sensitivity measured using intravenous glucose tolerance tests and Bergman's minimal model. Body composition was assessed using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Earlier menarche was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (p=0.015). There was also a continuous increase in adiposity with younger age at menarche, which was associated with increased weight (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.002), total body fat (p=0.049), and truncal fat (p=0.020). Stratified analyses showed that insulin sensitivity in Early women (5.5 x10-4·min-1(mU/l)) was lower than in Average (8.0 x10-4·min-1(mU/l), p=0.021) and Late (8.6 x10-4·min-1(mU/l), p=0.033) groups. Early women (weight=66.1 kg; BMI=24.1 kg/m2) were considerably heavier and fatter than Average (59.0 kg, p=0.004; 21.4 kg/m2, p=0.002) and Late (57.0 kg, p=0.001; 20.8 kg/m2, p=0.0009) women. CONCLUSIONS Early menarche is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and increased adiposity in young adulthood, potentially increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyanne A. Wilson
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Deborah L. Rowe
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, University of Auckland
| | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Salgin B, Norris SA, Prentice P, Pettifor JM, Richter LM, Ong KK, Dunger DB. Even transient rapid infancy weight gain is associated with higher BMI in young adults and earlier menarche. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:939-44. [PMID: 25771929 PMCID: PMC4471108 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early postnatal rapid 'catch-up' weight gain has been consistently associated with subsequent higher obesity risk and earlier pubertal development. In many low- and middle-income countries, infancy catch-up weight gain is transient and often followed by growth faltering. We explored the hypothesis that even transient catch-up weight gain during infancy is associated with later obesity risk and earlier puberty. METHODS A total of 2352 (1151 male, 1201 female) black South African children in the birth to twenty prospective birth cohort study (Johannesburg-Soweto) underwent serial measurements of body size and composition from birth to 18 years of age. At the age of 18 years, whole-body fat mass and fat-free mass were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pubertal development was assessed by the research team between ages 9 and 10 years, and it was recorded annually from the age of 11 years using a validated self-assessment protocol. RESULTS Catch-up weight gain from birth to the age of 1 year, despite being followed by growth faltering between ages 1 and 2 years, was associated with greater mid-upper arm circumference (P=0.04) and skinfold thickness (P=0.048) at 8 years of age, and with higher weight (P<0.001) and body mass index (P=0.001) at 18 years of age after adjustment for sex, age, smoking during pregnancy, birth order, gestational age, formula-milk feeding and household socio-economic status. Infancy catch-up weight gain was also associated with younger age at menarche in girls (P<0.001). This association persisted after adjustment for smoking during pregnancy, birth order, gestational age, formula-milk feeding and household socio-economic status (P=0.005). CONCLUSION Transient catch-up weight gain from birth to the age of 1 year among children born in a low-income area of South Africa was associated with earlier menarche and greater adiposity in early adulthood. This observation suggests that modifiable determinants of rapid infancy weight gain may be targeted in order to prevent later obesity and consequences of earlier puberty in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Salgin
- 1] University Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK [2] Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S A Norris
- Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - P Prentice
- University Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Pettifor
- Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L M Richter
- 1] Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa [2] Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - K K Ong
- 1] University Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK [2] Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - D B Dunger
- 1] University Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK [2] Medical Research Council/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Hwang E, Lee KW, Cho Y, Chung HK, Shin MJ. Association between age at menarche and diabetes in Korean post-menopausal women: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009). Endocr J 2015; 62:897-905. [PMID: 26194132 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early menarche is known to be associated with diabetes, however this association remains controversial. Our study aimed to investigate the possible association between age at menarche and diabetes prevalence in post-menopausal Korean women. This study included 3,254 post-menopausal Korean women aged 50-85 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (KNHANES 2007-2009). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes prevalence. Levels of biochemical markers were compared according to groups by age at menarche. Women in the earlier menarche age group (10-12 years) showed higher levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and scores of homeostatic model assessment in the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index than other groups (p <0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, early age at menarche was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes (OR 1.86, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.07-3.23). The observed association remained significant despite additional adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.03-3.23) and despite further adjustments for FBG levels and HOMA-IR index (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.11-4.55). Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that younger age at menarche is associated with increased diabetes prevalence in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Nwankwo M, Danborno B, Hamman W. Relationship between body mass index and timing of maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1596-2393.177016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Larsen LM, Hertel NT, Mølgaard C, Christensen RD, Husby S, Jarbøl DE. Early intervention for childhood overweight: A randomized trial in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care 2015; 33:184-90. [PMID: 26194172 PMCID: PMC4750722 DOI: 10.3109/02813432.2015.1067511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of two intervention modalities concerning overweight and obesity among children in general practice. DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING A total of 60 general practices in the former County of Funen, Denmark. SUBJECTS Overweight children, identified by International Obesity Task Force criteria, aged 5-9 years. INTERVENTION Model 1 with health consultations in general practice during a two-year period or Model 2, an educational programme for the children and their families in addition to the health consultations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in body mass index (BMI) z-score in order to compare the results, independent of gender- and age-related changes over time. RESULTS A total of 80 children were recruited with 35 and 45 children allocated to Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. No significant differences were found in the change in BMI z-score (SDS) between the two groups. A decrease in the mean BMI z-score from baseline to study end of -0.20 (95%CI -0.38 to -0.01) in Model 1 and -0.26 (95%CI -0.44 to -0.09) in Model 2, respectively, was detected. The majority of the participants (2/3) continued in the study for more than one year in both models, with a mean of 12 consultations in general practice. CONCLUSION In this particular setting the two intervention strategies against overweight and obesity did not differ significantly with regard to change in BMI z-scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Marie Larsen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
- Correspondence: Lone Marie Larsen, MD, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, 29 Sdr. Boulevard, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark. E-mail:
| | - Niels Thomas Hertel
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - René Depont Christensen
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Steffen Husby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Dorte Ejg Jarbøl
- Research Unit of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Kirillova G, Reynolds M, Kirisci L, Mosovsky S, Ridenour T, Tarter R, Vanyukov M. Familiality of addiction and its developmental mechanisms in girls. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143:213-8. [PMID: 25156223 PMCID: PMC4199288 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use disorders (DUD) have been theorized to share sources of risk variation with other consummatory behaviors. We hypothesized that common mechanisms exist for familial risk for DUD, physiological maturation and nutritional status in girls. Whereas body fat content must exceed a threshold to enable adrenarche and gonadarche, nutritional status may also be a behavior risk indicator. Impaired psychological self-regulation associated with DUD risk may manifest in early overeating, which could in turn accelerate reproductive maturation, resulting in a greater likelihood of affiliation with deviant/older peers and drug use. METHOD The sample consisted of families ascertained through the father who either had (N=95) or did not have (N=130) a DUD, and who had a 10-12 year old daughter and her mother available for study. Correlation, survival and path analyses of three consecutive assessments evaluated the relationships between parental DUD (number of affected parents, NAP), nutritional status (NS, subscapular skinfold measurements and body mass index), sexual maturation (Tanner stage), peer delinquency, and the daughter's lifetime DUD diagnosis. RESULTS NAP was positively related to the girls' nutritional status. Longitudinal path analysis indicated mediation of the relationship between NAP and peer delinquency by sexual maturation. The relationship between NAP and sexual maturation is mediated by NS. The effect of sexual maturation at age ∼11 on the girls' DUD risk is mediated by peer delinquency. CONCLUSION The data are consistent with mediation of intergenerational transmission of DUD risk in females by elevated nutrition, leading to accelerated maturation, and affiliation with deviant peers.
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Lo MD JC, Maring B, Chandra M, Daniels SR, Sinaiko A, Daley MF, Sherwood NE, Kharbanda EO, Parker ED, Adams KF, Prineas RJ, Magid DJ, O'Connor PJ, Greenspan LC. Prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity in children aged 3-5 years. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:167-75. [PMID: 23677690 PMCID: PMC3830709 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood adiposity may have significant later health effects. This study examines the prevalence and recognition of obesity and severe obesity among preschool-aged children. METHODS The electronic medical record was used to examine body mass index (BMI), height, sex and race/ethnicity in 42,559 children aged 3-5 years between 2007 and 2010. Normal or underweight (BMI < 85th percentile); overweight (BMI 85th-94th percentile); obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile); and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 1.2 × 95th percentile) were classified using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Provider recognition of elevated BMI was examined for obese children aged 5 years. RESULTS Among 42,559 children, 12.4% of boys and 10.0% of girls had BMI ≥ 95th percentile. The prevalence was highest among Hispanics (18.2% boys, 15.2% girls), followed by blacks (12.4% boys, 12.7% girls). A positive trend existed between increasing BMI category and median height percentile, with obesity rates highest in the highest height quintile. The prevalence of severe obesity was 1.6% overall and somewhat higher for boys compared with girls (1.9 vs. 1.4%, P < 0.01). By race/ethnicity, the highest prevalence of severe obesity was seen in Hispanic boys (3.3%). Among those aged 5 years, 77.9% of obese children had provider diagnosis of obesity or elevated BMI, increasing to 89.0% for the subset with severe obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and severe obesity are evident as early as age 3-5 years, with race/ethnic trends similar to older children. This study underscores the need for continued recognition and contextualization of early childhood obesity in order to develop effective strategies for early weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C. Lo MD
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA,Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland CA
| | - Benjamin Maring
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland CA
| | - Malini Chandra
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA
| | | | - Alan Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN
| | - Matthew F. Daley
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver CO
| | | | | | - Emily D. Parker
- HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis MN
| | - Kenneth F. Adams
- HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis MN
| | - Ronald J. Prineas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC
| | - David J. Magid
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver CO
| | | | - Louise C. Greenspan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco CA
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Benedet J, da Silva Lopes A, Adami F, de Fragas Hinnig P, de Vasconcelos FDAG. Association of sexual maturation with excess body weight and height in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24625111 PMCID: PMC3975155 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies addressing the influence of early sexual maturation on the excess of body weight and height of children and adolescents are scarce. The aim of the study was to analyze the association of sexual maturation with excess body weight and height in children and adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed in Florianópolis city, Brazil, in 2007, with 2339 school children, aged 8-14 years (1107 males). Selection was based on a probabilistic, cluster-stratified sampling technique. School children were classified according to the presence of excess body weight, using sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points. Z-scores were calculated from height and BMI data. Sexual maturation was self-assessed according to Tanner stages of development. Subjects were ranked based on tertiles of sexual maturation (early, normal and late) for each stage of development. Poisson and linear regression models were used. RESULTS Compared to the reference group (normal sexual maturation), early maturing females had higher prevalence of excess weight (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.24 to 2.33) and increased height-for-age (adjusted β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.59), while late maturing females had lower prevalence of excess weight (adjusted prevalence ratio: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.87) and decreased height-for-age (adjusted β: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20). In males, early and late sexual maturation were associated with increased (adjusted β: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.59) and decreased (adjusted β: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.20) height-for-age, respectively. CONCLUSION Early sexual maturation is associated with excess body weight in females and with greater height-for-age in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucemar Benedet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Santa Catarina 88040900, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Talma H, Schönbeck Y, van Dommelen P, Bakker B, van Buuren S, Hirasing RA. Trends in menarcheal age between 1955 and 2009 in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60056. [PMID: 23579990 PMCID: PMC3620272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess and compare the secular trend in age at menarche in Dutch girls (1955-2009) and girls from Turkish and Moroccan descent living in the Netherlands (1997-2009). METHODS Data on growth and maturation were collected in 20,867 children of Dutch, Turkish and Moroccan descent in 2009 by trained health care professionals. Girls, 9 years and older, of Dutch (n = 2138), Turkish (n = 282), and Moroccan (n = 295) descent were asked whether they had experienced their first period. We compared median menarcheal age in 2009 with data from the previous Dutch Nationwide Growth Studies in 1955, 1965, 1980 and 1997. Age specific body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated to assess differences in BMI between pre- and postmenarcheal girls in different age groups. RESULTS Median age at menarche in Dutch girls, decreased significantly from 13.66 years in 1955 to 13.15 years in 1997 and 13.05 years in 2009. Compared to Dutch girls there is a larger decrease in median age of menarche in girls of Turkish and Moroccan descent between 1997 and 2009. In Turkish girls age at menarche decreased from 12.80 to 12.50 years and in Moroccan girls from 12.90 to 12.60 years. Thirty-three percent of Turkish girls younger than 12 years start menstruating in primary school. BMI-SDS is significantly higher in postmenarcheal girls than in premenarcheal girls irrespective of age. CONCLUSION There is a continuing secular trend in earlier age at menarche in Dutch girls. An even faster decrease in age at menarche is observed in girls of Turkish and Moroccan descent in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Talma
- VU University Medical Centre, Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ -Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The current high prevalence of childhood obesity and its co-morbidities is concomitant with a low level of physical activity and an abundance of sedentary pastimes for Westernised children. To increase the participation of a majority of children in a sustained physical activity, interventions require a fair understanding and consideration of the influences of this behaviour, especially as children are overweight or obese. Basically, the physical activity behaviour of children depends on biological, sociocultural and psychosocial factors and their interplay. The recent literature lends support to the fact that some psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and physical competence may be solid anchor points upon which to improve the participation of overweight and obese children in free-living physical activity. Thus, interventionists should first concentrate on improving these personal dimensions around which physiological and environmental factors might revolve. The development of motor skills may be a good means for enhancing the self-image of obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Guinhouya
- EA 2694 Laboratory of Public Health and Faculty for Health Engineering and Management, University Lille-Northern France, Loos, France.
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Vanyukov MM, Tarter RE, Kirillova GP, Kirisci L, Reynolds MD, Kreek MJ, Conway KP, Maher BS, Iacono WG, Bierut L, Neale MC, Clark DB, Ridenour TA. Common liability to addiction and "gateway hypothesis": theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 123 Suppl 1:S3-17. [PMID: 22261179 PMCID: PMC3600369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two competing concepts address the development of involvement with psychoactive substances: the "gateway hypothesis" (GH) and common liability to addiction (CLA). METHOD The literature on theoretical foundations and empirical findings related to both concepts is reviewed. RESULTS The data suggest that drug use initiation sequencing, the core GH element, is variable and opportunistic rather than uniform and developmentally deterministic. The association between risks for use of different substances, if any, can be more readily explained by common underpinnings than by specific staging. In contrast, the CLA concept is grounded in genetic theory and supported by data identifying common sources of variation in the risk for specific addictions. This commonality has identifiable neurobiological substrate and plausible evolutionary explanations. CONCLUSIONS Whereas the "gateway" hypothesis does not specify mechanistic connections between "stages", and does not extend to the risks for addictions, the concept of common liability to addictions incorporates sequencing of drug use initiation as well as extends to related addictions and their severity, provides a parsimonious explanation of substance use and addiction co-occurrence, and establishes a theoretical and empirical foundation to research in etiology, quantitative risk and severity measurement, as well as targeted non-drug-specific prevention and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Vanyukov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Currie C, Ahluwalia N, Godeau E, Nic Gabhainn S, Due P, Currie DB. Is obesity at individual and national level associated with lower age at menarche? Evidence from 34 countries in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:621-6. [PMID: 22626490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A unique standardized international data set from adolescent girls in 34 countries in Europe and North America participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study (HBSC) is used to investigate the contribution of body mass index (BMI) at individual and country level to cross-national differences in age at menarche. METHODS Two independent nationally representative survey data sets from 15-year-olds (n = 27,878, in 34 countries, year = 2005/2006) and 11-year-olds (n = 18,101, in 29 countries, year = 2001/2002) were analyzed. The survey instrument is a self-report questionnaire. Median age at menarche and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Hierarchical models were used to assess the relationship between BMI and age at menarche (months). "Country-level obesity" was measured by prevalence of overweight/obesity (%) in each country. RESULTS Country-level median age at menarche ranged between 12 years and 5 months and 13 years and 5 months. Country-level prevalence of overweight among 15-year-old girls ranged from 4% to 28%. Age at menarche was inversely associated with individual BMI (unstandardized regression coefficient beta = -1.01; 95% CI, -1.09 to -.94) and country-level aggregate overweight at age 11 (unstandardized regression coefficient beta = -.25; 95% CI, -.43 to -.08). Individual- and country-level measures of BMI account for 40% of the country-level variance in age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS The findings add to the evidence that obesity in childhood is a risk factor for early puberty in girls and accounts for much of the cross-national variation in age at menarche. Future HBSC surveys can track this relationship in the wake of the obesity "epidemic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Scotland.
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Must A, Phillips SM, Naumova EN. Occurrence and timing of childhood overweight and mortality: findings from the Third Harvard Growth Study. J Pediatr 2012; 160:743-50. [PMID: 22183448 PMCID: PMC3397161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the mortality experience of participants in the Third Harvard Growth Study (1922-1935) who provided ≥ 8 years of growth data. STUDY DESIGN A total of 1877 participants provided an average of 10.5 body mass index measurements between age 6 and 18 years. Based on these measurements, the participants were classified as ever overweight or ever >85th percentile for height in childhood. Age at peak height velocity was used to indicate timing of overweight relative to puberty. Relative risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to measures of childhood growth were estimated using Cox proportional hazards survival analysis. RESULTS For women, ever being overweight in childhood increased the risks of all-cause and breast cancer death; the risk of death from ischemic heart disease was increased in men. Men with a first incidence of overweight before puberty were significantly more likely to die from ischemic heart disease; women in the same category were more likely to die from all causes and from breast cancer. CONCLUSION We find evidence of long-term effects of having ever been overweight, with some evidence that incidence before puberty influences the pattern of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Widén E, Silventoinen K, Sovio U, Ripatti S, Cousminer DL, Hartikainen AL, Laitinen J, Pouta A, Kaprio J, Järvelin MR, Peltonen L, Palotie A. Pubertal timing and growth influences cardiometabolic risk factors in adult males and females. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:850-6. [PMID: 22338106 PMCID: PMC3308310 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early pubertal onset in females is associated with increased risk for adult obesity and cardiovascular disease, but whether this relationship is independent of preceding childhood growth events is unclear. Furthermore, the association between male puberty and adult disease remains unknown. To clarify the link between puberty and adult health, we evaluated the relationship between pubertal timing and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in both males and females from a large, prospective, and randomly ascertained birth cohort from Northern Finland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pubertal timing was estimated based on pubertal height growth in 5,058 subjects (2,417 males and 2,641 females), and the relationship between puberty and body weight, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and blood pressure at age 31 years was evaluated with linear regression modeling. RESULTS Earlier pubertal timing associated with higher adult BMI, fasting insulin, diastolic blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol in both sexes (P < 0.002) and with higher total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in males. The association with BMI and diastolic blood pressure remained statistically significant in both sexes, as did the association with insulin levels and HDL cholesterol concentrations in males after adjusting for covariates reflecting both fetal and childhood growth including childhood BMI. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate independent association between earlier pubertal timing and adult metabolic syndrome-related derangements both in males and females. The connection emphasizes that the mechanisms advancing puberty may also contribute to adult metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tolson KP, Chappell PE. The Changes They are A-Timed: Metabolism, Endogenous Clocks, and the Timing of Puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:45. [PMID: 22645521 PMCID: PMC3355854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has increased dramatically over the last several decades, particularly in industrialized countries, often accompanied by acceleration of pubertal progression and associated reproductive abnormalities (Biro et al., 2006; Rosenfield et al., 2009). The timing of pubertal initiation and progression in mammals is likely influenced by nutritional and metabolic state, leading to the hypothesis that deviations from normal metabolic rate, such as those seen in obesity, may contribute to observed alterations in the rate of pubertal progression. While several recent reviews have addressed the effects of metabolic disorders on reproductive function in general, this review will explore previous and current models of pubertal timing, outlining a potential role of endogenous timing mechanisms such as cellular circadian clocks in the initiation of puberty, and how these clocks might be altered by metabolic factors. Additionally, we will examine recently elucidated neuroendocrine regulators of pubertal progression such as kisspeptin, explore models detailing how the mammalian reproductive axis is silenced during the juvenile period and reactivated at appropriate developmental times, and emphasize how metabolic dysfunction such as childhood obesity may alter timing cues that advance or delay pubertal progression, resulting in diminished reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Tolson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
| | - Patrick E. Chappell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
- *Correspondence: Patrick E. Chappell, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. e-mail:
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Nadeau KJ, Maahs DM, Daniels SR, Eckel RH. Childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease: links and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2011; 8:513-25. [PMID: 21670745 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of pediatric obesity have dramatically increased since the late 1980s, raising concerns about a subsequent increase in cardiovascular outcomes. Strong evidence, particularly from autopsy studies, supports the concept that precursors of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) begin in childhood, and that pediatric obesity has an important influence on overall CVD risk. Lifestyle patterns also begin early and impact CVD risk. In addition, obesity and other CVD risk factors tend to persist over time. However, whether childhood obesity causes adult CVD directly, or does so by persisting as adult obesity, or both, is less clear. Regardless, sufficient data exist to warrant early implementation of both obesity prevention and treatment in youth and adults. In this Review, we examine the evidence supporting the impact of childhood obesity on adult obesity, surrogate markers of CVD, components of the metabolic syndrome, and the development of CVD. We also evaluate how obesity treatment strategies can improve risk factors and, ultimately, adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Nadeau
- The Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Building A, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Stovitz SD, Demerath EW, Hannan PJ, Lytle LA, Himes JH. Growing into obesity: patterns of height growth in those who become normal weight, overweight, or obese as young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:635-41. [PMID: 21630370 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study whether patterns of height growth differ by adult obesity status, and determine the contribution of subcutaneous fatness as an explanatory variable for any differences. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter, prospective longitudinal cohort assessed in 3rd grade (8.8 years), 5th grade (11.1 years), 8th grade (14.1 years), and 12th grade (18.3 years). Exposures were young adult obesity status classified by CDC adult BMI categories at 12th grade. Skinfolds were measured in third, fifth, and eighth grades. Outcome was mean height (cm) at the four measurements using repeated-measures ANCOVA for young adult obesity status, and height increments between grades by adult obesity status in sequential models including initial height and, secondarily, initial skinfolds. RESULTS Adjusted for age, and race/ethnicity, young adult obesity status explained a small, but statistically significant amount of height growth among both females and males within each of the three intervals. Compared with normal weight young adults, overweight or obese young adults stood taller in childhood, but had relatively less growth in height throughout the teenage years. There was no association between adult height and weight status. Skinfolds explained only a small amount of the height patterns in the three weight groups. CONCLUSION Childhood and adolescent height growth patterns differ between those who become young adults who are normal weight and those who become overweight or obese. Since differences in fatness explain only a small amount of these height growth patterns, research is needed to identify other determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Stovitz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA.
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Jackowski SA, Erlandson MC, Mirwald RL, Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, Kontulainen SA, Cooper DML, Baxter-Jones ADG. Effect of maturational timing on bone mineral content accrual from childhood to adulthood: evidence from 15 years of longitudinal data. Bone 2011; 48:1178-85. [PMID: 21338727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A higher bone mass may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The role of maturational timing for optimizing bone mass is controversial due to the lack of prospective evidence from childhood to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the long term relationship between the onset of maturation and bone mineral content (BMC) development. Two hundred thirty individuals (109 males and 121 females) from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS) were classified into maturity groups based on age of peak height velocity. BMC was serially assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multilevel models were constructed to examine the independent development of BMC by maturity group. When age, body size, and body composition were controlled early maturing females had on average 3-4%, 62.2 ± 16.8g (p<0.05), more total body BMC than their average maturing peers by 20 years of age. In contrast, late maturing females had 50.7 ± 15.6g less total body BMC. No maturational effects were found at either the lumbar spine or femoral neck (p>0.05) in females. There were no significant differences in BMC development at any site among male maturational groups (p>0.05). In this group of healthy participants, there appears to be a sex-dependent effect on the relationship between maturational timing and total body BMC development. Early, average and late maturing males displayed similar BMC development. Late maturing females had compromised BMC accrual compared to their early and average maturing peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Jackowski
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Kahlor L, Mackert M, Junker D, Tyler D. Ensuring children eat a healthy diet: a theory-driven focus group study to inform communication aimed at parents. J Pediatr Nurs 2011; 26:13-24. [PMID: 21256408 PMCID: PMC3074511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) served as a framework for analyzing focus group transcripts (N = 43) focused on parents' perceptions of the challenges of ensuring their children eat a healthy diet. The results suggest that parents consider their beliefs and behaviors as individuals within a society, within families, within cultures, as inheritors of family traditions, and as parents who influence or fail to influence the attitudes and behaviors of their children. The results showed the particular salience of factors related to the TPB concepts of perceived norms and control. Approaches to building theory-driven nursing interventions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann Kahlor
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, 1 University Station, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
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Ramirez AG, Chalela P, Gallion KJ, Green LW, Ottoson J. Salud America! Developing a National Latino Childhood Obesity Research Agenda. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2011; 38:251-60. [PMID: 21278306 DOI: 10.1177/1090198110372333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
U.S. childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with one third of children overweight or obese. Latino children have some of the highest obesity rates, a concern because they are part of the youngest and fastest-growing U.S. minority group. Unfortunately, scarce research data on Latinos hinders the development and implementation of evidence-based, culturally appropriate childhood obesity interventions. In response, the Salud America! network conducted a national Delphi survey among researchers and stakeholders to identify research priorities to address Latino childhood obesity and compare differences by occupation and race or ethnicity. The resulting first-ever National Latino Childhood Obesity Research Agenda provides a framework to stimulate research and collaboration among investigators, providers, and communities, and inform policy makers about the epidemic's seriousness and specific needs for priority funding. The agenda ranks family as the main ecological level to prevent Latino childhood obesity--followed by community, school, society, and individual-and ranks top research priorities in each level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie G Ramirez
- Institute for Health Promotion Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78230, USA.
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Mumby HS, Elks CE, Li S, Sharp SJ, Khaw KT, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Ong KK. Mendelian Randomisation Study of Childhood BMI and Early Menarche. J Obes 2011; 2011:180729. [PMID: 21773002 PMCID: PMC3136158 DOI: 10.1155/2011/180729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To infer the causal association between childhood BMI and age at menarche, we performed a mendelian randomisation analysis using twelve established "BMI-increasing" genetic variants as an instrumental variable (IV) for higher BMI. In 8,156 women of European descent from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, height was measured at age 39-77 years; age at menarche was self-recalled, as was body weight at age 20 years, and BMI at 20 was calculated as a proxy for childhood BMI. DNA was genotyped for twelve BMI-associated common variants (in/near FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, GNPDA2, KCTD15, NEGR1, BDNF, ETV5, MTCH2, SEC16B, FAIM2 and SH2B1), and for each individual a "BMI-increasing-allele-score" was calculated by summing the number of BMI-increasing alleles across all 12 loci. Using this BMI-increasing-allele-score as an instrumental variable for BMI, each 1 kg/m(2) increase in childhood BMI was predicted to result in a 6.5% (95% CI: 4.6-8.5%) higher absolute risk of early menarche (before age 12 years). While mendelian randomisation analysis is dependent on a number of assumptions, our findings support a causal effect of BMI on early menarche and suggests that increasing prevalence of childhood obesity will lead to similar trends in the prevalence of early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Mumby
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cathy E. Elks
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Shengxu Li
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Robert N. Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, P.O. Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- *Ken K. Ong:
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Buyken AE, Bolzenius K, Karaolis-Danckert N, Günther ALB, Kroke A. Body composition trajectories into adolescence according to age at pubertal growth spurt. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 23:216-24. [PMID: 21319251 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the development of body composition into adolescence differs among children with an early, average, or late pubertal growth spurt (age at take-off [ATO]). METHODS Mixed-effect polynomial models were applied to serial anthropometric measurements spanning from 4 years before to 4 years after ATO in 215 DONALD participants. Sex-specific trajectories of fat mass index (FMI, FM/m(2) ), fat-free mass index (FFMI, FFM/m(2) ), and their z-scores were compared among those with an early, average, or late ATO. RESULTS Compared with girls with a late ATO (reference group), those with an early or average ATO experienced a significant increase in FFMI z-scores [β (standard error) for linear trends in early and average ATO group: +0.15 (0.05) FFMI z-scores/year (P = 0.001) and +0.11 (0.04) FFMI z-scores/year (P = 0.005), respectively, adjusted for early life factors]. Similar differences were observed in boys [adjusted β (standard error): +0.20 (0.06) FFMI z-scores/year (P = 0.0004) and +0.07 (0.05) FFMI z-scores/year (P = 0.1), respectively]. Graphical illustration of the predicted trajectories revealed that differences in relative FFMI emerged from ATO onward. For FMI, comparison with late maturers showed a more pronounced quadratic trend (kg/m(2) /years(2) ) (P = 0.01) among early-maturing girls and a reduced linear trend in FMI z-scores/year (P = 0.04) among early-maturing boys. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study suggests that children who experience an early pubertal growth spurt accrue progressively more fat-free mass during the first years of puberty than late-maturing peers of the same age. Higher levels of adiposity commonly observed in adults with early puberty onset are, thus, likely to develop subsequently in later adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette E Buyken
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dortmund, Germany.
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43
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Walvoord EC. The timing of puberty: is it changing? Does it matter? J Adolesc Health 2010; 47:433-9. [PMID: 20970077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether the secular trend of a decreasing age of puberty has continued over the past 50 years remains controversial. Data that had been classically used to address this issue are reviewed and large epidemiologic studies, which had not previously been included, are now considered to challenge the conclusions of prior debates of this topic. The effect and timing of excessive weight gain are discussed in detail and recent observations about the opposing effects of obesity on the pubertal timing of girls versus boys are considered. The second half of the review examines both the causes and the long-term health consequences of early puberty, touching on the possible effect of stress and endocrine-disrupting chemicals along with the risks of reproductive cancers, metabolic syndrome, and psychosocial consequences during adolescence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Walvoord
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Mendoza N, Galliano D, Salamanca A, Castro JER, Mozas J, Sánchez-Borrego R, Quereda F, Vázquez F, Martínez-Astorquiza T. Lowering the Age at Menarche and Risk of Early Menarche in a Population of Spanish Postmenopausal Women During the Past Two Decades. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:111-4. [DOI: 10.1258/mi.2010.010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this study is to confirm in our population the decreasing secular trend in the age of menarche (AAM) observed in other European countries. Another aim is to investigate the association between early menarche and breast cancer, metabolic disorders risk or early menopause. Materials and Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based study of 1980 Caucasoid Spanish postmenopausal women from 2003 to 2006 to investigate the AAM, the duration of the fertile period and the relation of early menarche with breast cancer and some metabolic disorders. Results Regression analysis of AAM demonstrates a trend towards the younger AAM in our population during the past decades ( P > 0.001). Parallel to this decrease we observe a significant increase in the fertility period and the height of our population ( P < 0.001). In the women with AAM less than 11 years, there is an increased risk of hypercholesterolaemia, being overweight and obesity. However, early menarche does not raise the risk of adult onset diabetes, hypertension or breast cancer. Conclusions These data indicate a decreasing secular trend of AAM in a Spanish population in the last decades. Furthermore, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, but not breast cancer, appears to be influenced by younger AAM. Only women who have their menarche at the age of nine years or less are more likely to have an earlier menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Mendoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Salamanca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan Mozas
- Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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Pinto ICDS, Arruda IKGD, Diniz ADS, Cavalcanti AMTDS. Prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal, segundo parâmetros antropométricos, e associação com maturação sexual em adolescentes escolares. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2010; 26:1727-37. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010000900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal em escolares segundo antropometria e maturação sexual. Foi um estudo transversal, incluindo 1.405 escolares de 10-14 anos, de ambos os sexos, residentes no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, em 2007. Foi avaliado o índice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunferência da cintura (CC) e razão da cintura-estatura (RCEst). A maturação sexual foi auto-avaliada, definindo-se como precoce quando o escolar apresentava idade cronológica inferior à mediana de idade para o referido estágio. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 20,4% (IC95%: 18,3-22,6) e a de obesidade abdominal foi de 14,9% (IC95%: 13,1-16,9) para CC e 12,6% (IC95%: 10,9-14,4) para RCE. O IMC, a CC e a RCEst apresentaram uma forte correlação positiva (rho ≅ 0,8; p < 0,001). A prevalência de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal foi maior (p < 0,05) nos estágios finais de maturação sexual em ambos os sexos. A alta prevalência de excesso de peso requer medidas urgentes de prevenção e controle desse distúrbio, sendo recomendada a inclusão da maturação sexual na avaliação do estado nutricional.
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Vink EE, van Coeverden SCCM, van Mil EG, Felius BA, van Leerdam FJM, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Changes and tracking of fat mass in pubertal girls. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1247-51. [PMID: 19875991 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period in body composition development. The influence of puberty on the development of fat mass asks for further investigation. We investigated the development of fat mass during puberty in a longitudinal prospective study in 152 healthy nonobese white girls, initial ages between 9 to 12 years. The influence of menarcheal age and the existing of tracking of fat mass have been analyzed. In 10 years time, participants were measured on eight time points. Various anthropometric data were collected, breast development was staged according to Tanner and body composition was determined with the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Calculations were made with the use of a linear mixed model. Fat mass increases from 7.9 kg (23.6%) at B1 to 18.5 kg (29.3%) at B5. Fat mass is higher in girls with an early menarche than in girls with a late menarche from B2. Girls in the quartile with initially the lowest fat mass have a chance of being in the same quartile after 10 years of 77% (P < 0.001). Girls in the quartile with initially the highest fat mass, have a risk of staying in the highest quartile of 55% (P < 0.001). Menarcheal age is of great influence on the development of fat mass. Girls with an early menarche, will have a bigger fat mass, especially at the end of puberty. Tracking of fat mass exists: a high amount of fat mass in early puberty will continue to exist at young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E Vink
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO-Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rachoń D, Teede H. Ovarian function and obesity--interrelationship, impact on women's reproductive lifespan and treatment options. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316:172-9. [PMID: 19818376 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a consequence of obesity, and in women it is often inextricably linked with ovarian function leading to clinical reproductive manifestations such as early menarche onset, subfertility and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Likewise, the dramatic fall in oestrogen production after menopause may contribute to weight gain and changes in adipose tissue distribution. Overall, women who are obese, especially those with reproductive complications including PCOS, have been identified as specific high risk subgroups for further progression through to prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and potentially cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review focuses on the interrelationship between the ovarian function and obesity as well as its treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Rachoń
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Guinhouya B, Apété G, Hubert H. Actualité sur les déterminants de l’activité physique habituelle (APH) de l’enfant : mise à jour et implications pour les options de prise en charge et de prévention du surpoids/obésité infantile. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2010; 58:49-58. [PMID: 20106618 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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He C, Zhang C, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Buck Louis GM, Hediger ML, Hu FB. Age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from 2 large prospective cohort studies. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:334-44. [PMID: 20026580 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwp372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors investigated the association between age at menarche and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among 101,415 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) aged 34-59 years (1980-2006) and 100,547 women from Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) aged 26-46 years (1991-2005). During 2,430,274 and 1,373,875 person-years of follow-up, respectively, 7,963 and 2,739 incident cases of T2DM were documented. Young age at menarche was associated with increased risk of T2DM after adjustment for potential confounders, including body figure at age 10 years and body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) at age 18 years. Relative risks of T2DM across age-at-menarche categories (< or =11, 12, 13, 14, and > or =15 years) were 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.27), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17), 1.00 (referent), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.01), and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.06), respectively, in the NHS (P for trend < 0.0001) and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.57), 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.27), 1.00 (referent), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.18), and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.19), respectively, in NHS II (P for trend < 0.0001). Associations were substantially attenuated after additional control for updated time-varying BMI. These data suggest that early menarche is associated with increased risk of T2DM in adulthood. The association may be largely mediated through excessive adult adiposity. The association was stronger among younger women, supporting a role for sex hormones in younger onset of T2DM, in addition to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan He
- Department of Public Health and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 980 West Walnut Street, R3-C241, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Raich RM, Portell M, Peláez-Fernández MA. Evaluation of a school-based programme of universal eating disorders prevention: Is it more effective in girls at risk? EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2010; 18:49-57. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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