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Laitinen TT, Saha E, Pahkala K, Kartiosuo N, Nuotio J, Lagström H, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Jula A, Raitakari O, Niinikoski H. Associations of breastfeeding duration with serum lipid values from infancy until age 20 years - the STRIP study. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:685-691. [PMID: 37387272 PMCID: PMC11308267 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231183030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effect of breastfeeding duration on childhood lipid levels has remained controversial. In this study, we aimed to establish the long-term associations of breastfeeding duration with future levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, we report lipid levels at the age of seven months depending on the child receiving any breastmilk. METHODS The sample comprised 999 children participating in the prospective Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Serum lipid profile was studied at the ages of seven months and 13 months, and annually thereafter until the age of 20 years. Duration of breastfeeding was inquired, and infants were divided into those who received or did not receive any breast milk at the age of seven months (n=533 and n=466, respectively). In addition, breastfeeding duration groups (any breastfeeding for 0-4 months, 4-6 months, 6-9 months, and >9 months) were formed. RESULTS At the age of seven months infants who at that time received breast milk had higher serum HDL cholesterol (0.95±0.21mmol/l vs. 0.90±0.19 mmol/l; p=0.0018), non-HDL cholesterol (3.38±0.78 mmol/l vs. 3.01±0.67 mmol/l; p<0.001) and total cholesterol levels (4.33±0.80 mmol/l vs. 3.91±0.69 mmol/l; p<0.001) than their peers who did not receive breast milk. From two to 20 years of age serum lipid levels showed no consistent differences between the breastfeeding duration groups. CONCLUSIONS Our long-term data showed that duration of breastfeeding has no consistent associations with serum lipid concentrations in healthy individuals aged two to 20 years. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier NCT00223600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi T. Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emma Saha
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Kartiosuo
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Antti Jula
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Diaz LE, Yee LM, Feinglass J. Rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States: data insights from the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1256432. [PMID: 38192551 PMCID: PMC10773697 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction While breastfeeding rates in the United States have been increasing, they remain low by international standards with substantial racial, income and education disparities. This study uses recent population-based data to analyze sociodemographic differences in breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exposure to information and education. Methods We used the 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to compare breastfeeding duration among a representative population from 43 states and the District of Columbia. We modeled the likelihood of never initiating breastfeeding by respondent's age, race and ethnicity, language, marital status, household income, educational attainment, parity and insurance status. We also compared sources of information and education for respondents who never breastfed to those who breastfed up to 6 months. Results Among 142,643 new mother respondents, representing an estimated population of 7,426,725 birthing individuals, 12.6% never breastfed, 60.4% reported breastfeeding at 3 months and 54.7% at 6 months. While 75.8% of college graduates reported breastfeeding at 3 months, this was only 37.8% of respondents with high school or less. Among those with the lowest six-month rates were non-Hispanic Black participants (36.3%) and those age < 20 (25.5%). Respondents with Medicaid coverage for their delivery were 25% more likely to have never breastfed than the privately insured. Respondents reporting household income <$20,000 were 57% more likely to have never breastfed as compared to those with household income>$85,000. While 64.1% of those breastfeeding at 6 months reported receiving information from "my" doctor', this was only 13.0% of those who never breastfeed. Discussion Improved breastfeeding rates could have significant effects on reducing health disparities in the United States. Clinical and public health policy initiatives need to include culturally sensitive breastfeeding education before and after childbirth, with psychological and direct support from obstetrics and primary care providers. Health plans should support home and community-based in-person and telelactation consulting services. Public policies such as paid family and medical leave and workplace accommodations will also be critical. Given the huge implications of breastfeeding rates on the development of infant immune defenses and a healthy microbiome, improving breastfeeding rates should be a much more important public health priority in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Diaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lynn M. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joe Feinglass
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sata M, Yamagishi K, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Sunou K, Watanabe H, Iso H, Ota H. Breastfeeding in Infancy in Relation to Subsequent Physical Size: A 20-year Follow-up of the Ibaraki Children's Cohort Study (IBACHIL). J Epidemiol 2023; 33:63-67. [PMID: 34744093 PMCID: PMC9794444 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is said to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood but the evidence about its long-term impact on body size into adolescence and adulthood is scarce. We sought to examine the association between feeding types and subsequent physical size at the ages of 3, 6, 12, and 22 years. METHODS The Ibaraki Children's Cohort (IBACHIL) Study, which began in 1992, involved a cohort of 4,592 Japanese children from 87 communities of a single prefecture whose parents answered health questionnaires about their child's health and life habits at the age of 3 years. Follow-up questionnaires were distributed to the same cohort when they were 6, 12, and 22 years old. Self-reported height and weight, body mass index (BMI), and overweight status at ages of 3 (n = 4,290), 6 (n = 1,999; proportion of participants analyzed = 47%), 12 (n = 2,227; 52%), and 22 (n = 1,459; 34%) years were compared according to feeding type (breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mixed feeding) during infancy. RESULTS At the age of 3 years, multivariable adjusted-mean weight and prevalence of overweight were less for breastfed children than those formula-fed in both boys (weight: 14.6 kg vs 14.7 kg, P = 0.07, overweight: 6.3% vs 9.3%, P = 0.03) and in girls (14.0 kg vs 14.2 kg, P = 0.01 and 10.4% vs 13.6%, P = 0.06). However, there were no statistically significant differences in weight, BMI, and overweight at the ages of 6, 12, and 22 years according to feeding type. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding may prevent overweight in childhood, but its impact is not significant in adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Ibaraki Health Plaza, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Ibaraki Health Plaza, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ibaraki Health Service Association, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshimi Sairenchi
- Ibaraki Health Plaza, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ibaraki Health Service Association, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fujiko Irie
- Department of Health and Welfare, Ibaraki Prefectural Office, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiko Sunou
- Faculty of Human Science, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ota
- Ibaraki Health Plaza, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ibaraki Health Service Association, Ibaraki, Japan
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Lawal U, Mohammed RT, Gidado SM, Kankara SS. Ethnobotanical survey and nutritional composition of medicinal plants used for traditional galactagogue practice in Katsina state, Nigeria. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Whyte S, McLean-Smith J, Reid M. Concordance of the Deuterium Dose to Mother Method and 24-Hour Recall to Measure Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 Weeks Postnatally in Rural/Urban Setting in Jamaica. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:2126-2136. [PMID: 35960420 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2030 health agenda for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life as a central step towards ensuring the survival of infants. As Jamaica attempts to achieve this goal, monitoring the rates of EBF is desirable. Currently, EBF rate is measured by questionnaires which are subject to recall and social desirability biases. We determined the rate of EBF using the Deuterium-oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) method and 24-h recall. The concordance of both methods and urban-rural differences of EBF were evaluated. Additionally, the growth of infants who were exclusively breastfed was compared to the infants who were mixed-fed. METHODS Sixty-one healthy mother-child pairs were followed from birth. EBF was measured at 6 weeks. Growth was determined using standard anthropometric measurements. Differences in means were assessed by independent t-test or ANOVA. The agreement between the DTM and 24-h recall method was assessed with the kappa statistic. Differences in anthropometry and location were determined using a repeated measure model approach. RESULTS Thirty (49%) women exclusively breastfed their infants with mean breast milk intake of 1024.3 ± 256.9 g/day. There was moderate agreement between the methods (Agreement 69%, kappa 0.37, p = 0.002). Rural women (65%) were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. There was no significant difference between the growth of the exclusively breastfed infant and mixed-fed infants. CONCLUSION EBF rate was successfully measured using the DTM method. Women from urban settings are less likely to practice EBF. Further research may be needed to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors affecting breastfeeding practices in urban Jamaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Whyte
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - Judith McLean-Smith
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville, Jamaica
| | - Marvin Reid
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Cavaliere G, Rosati L, Catapano A, Sorriento D, Murru E, Bernardo L, Pagani L, Bergamo P, Scudiero R, Iaccarino G, Greco L, Banni S, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Heart Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Redox Status Are Improved by Donkey and Human Milk Intake. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111807. [PMID: 34829678 PMCID: PMC8614950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms linking nutrition and antioxidants content of the diet with cardiovascular protection are subject of intense investigation. It has been demonstrated that dietary supplementation with cow, donkey or human milk, characterized by distinct nutritional properties, triggers significant differences in the metabolic and inflammatory status through the modulation of hepatic and skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions. Cardiac mitochondria play a key role for energy-demanding heart functions, and their disfunctions is leading to pathologies. Indeed, an altered heart mitochondrial function and the consequent increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammatory state, is linked to several cardiac diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. In this work it was investigated the impact of the milk consumption on heart mitochondrial functions, inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, it was underlined the crosstalk between mitochondrial metabolic flexibility, lipid storage and redox status as control mechanisms for the maintenance of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Bernardo
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Luciana Pagani
- Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources CNR, IBBR-UOS, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (F.C.); (G.C.); (L.R.); (A.C.); (R.S.); (M.C.)
- BAT Centre—Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679-990
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Alabduljabbar S, Zaidan SA, Lakshmanan AP, Terranegra A. Personalized Nutrition Approach in Pregnancy and Early Life to Tackle Childhood and Adult Non-Communicable Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060467. [PMID: 34073649 PMCID: PMC8224671 DOI: 10.3390/life11060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of childhood and adult non-communicable diseases (NCD) is associated with environmental factors, starting from intrauterine life. A new theory finds the roots of epigenetic programming in parental gametogenesis, continuing during embryo development, fetal life, and finally in post-natal life. Maternal health status and poor nutrition are widely recognized as implications in the onset of childhood and adult diseases. Early nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, also plays a primary role in affecting the health status of an individual later in life. A poor maternal diet during pregnancy and lack of breastfeeding can cause a nutrient deficiency that affects the gut microbiota, and acts as a cofactor for many pathways, impacting the epigenetic controls and transcription of genes involved in the metabolism, angiogenesis, and other pathways, leading to NCDs in adult life. Both maternal and fetal genetic backgrounds also affect nutrient adsorption and functioning at the cellular level. This review discusses the most recent evidence on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding in the development of NCD, the potentiality of the omics technologies in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying it, with the future prospective of applying a personalized nutrition approach to prevent and treat NCD from the beginning of fetal life.
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McDade TW, Koning SM. Early origins of socioeconomic inequalities in chronic inflammation: Evaluating the contributions of low birth weight and short breastfeeding. Soc Sci Med 2021; 269:113592. [PMID: 33360022 PMCID: PMC7780588 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The United States is characterized by persistent and widening social inequities in a wide range of adult health outcomes. A life course approach challenges us to consider if, and how, these inequities trace back to early life conditions, and chronic inflammation represents a potentially important mechanism through which early environments may have lasting effects on health in adulthood. Low birth weight (LBW) and shorter durations of breastfeeding both predict increased inflammation in adulthood, which is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and all-cause mortality. Using data from a large representative sample of young adults in the US (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)), we document the socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in chronic inflammation, as indicated by concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). Using a nested set of structural equation models and marginal standardization techniques, we investigate the extent to which this gradient is explained by patterns of LBW and breastfeeding in infancy. Findings reveal a particularly important role for breastfeeding duration: Based on model predictive margins, increasing breastfeeding duration to three or more months corresponds to a flattening of the SES gradient by 80%, and 83% when LBW is eliminated. This study expands current understandings of the consequential role of developmental environments for population health and for addressing health inequities in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, Canada.
| | - Stephanie M Koning
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Umer A, Hamilton C, Edwards RA, Cottrell L, Giacobbi P, Innes K, John C, Kelley GA, Neal W, Lilly C. Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:86-95. [PMID: 31412965 PMCID: PMC7418058 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441900045x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reported associations between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between birth weight and CVD risk factors at 11 years of age. This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets (N = 22,136) in West Virginia; analysis was restricted to children born full-term (N = 19,583). The outcome variables included resting blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for child's body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and lifestyle characteristics. Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association between birth weight and SBP, DBP, HDL, and TG. When adjusted for the child's BMI, the association between birth weight and HDL [b = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] and between birth weight and TG [b = -0.007 (-0.008, -0.005) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] remained statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model, low birth weight was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels. The child's current BMI at 11 years of age partially (for HDL, non-HDL, and TG) and fully mediated (for SBP and DBP) the relationship between birth weight and select CVD risk factors. While effects were modest, these risk factors may persist and amplify with age, leading to potentially unfavorable consequences in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Candice Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Roger A. Edwards
- Department Health Professions Education Program, Center for Interprofessional Studies and Innovation, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peter Giacobbi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kim Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Collin John
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - George A. Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - William Neal
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Christa Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Umer A, Hamilton C, Edwards RA, Cottrell L, Giacobbi P, Innes K, John C, Kelley GA, Neal W, Lilly C. Association Between Breastfeeding and Childhood Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:228-239. [PMID: 30499064 PMCID: PMC6476183 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The immediate benefits of breastfeeding are well-established but the long-term health benefits are less well-known. West Virginia (WV) has a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lower breastfeeding rates compared to national averages. There is a paucity of research examining the relationship between breastfeeding and subsequent childhood CVD risk factors, an issue of particular relevance in WV. Methods This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets in WV (N = 11,980). The information on breastfeeding was obtained retrospectively via parental recall when the child was in the fifth grade. The outcome variables included blood pressure measures [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for childhood body mass index (BMI) and additional covariates. Results Only 43% of mothers self-reported ever breastfeeding. The unadjusted analysis showed that children who were ever vs. never breastfed had significantly lower SBP (b = - 1.39 mmHg; 95% CI - 1.97, - 0.81), DBP (b = - 0.79 mmHg; 95% CI - 1.26, - 0.33), log-TG (b = - 0.08; 95% CI - 0.1, - 0.05), and higher HDL (b = 0.95 mg/dL; 95% CI 0.33, 1.56). After adjustment for the child's BMI, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, log-TG remained significantly associated with breastfeeding (b = - 0.04; 95% CI - 0.06, - 0.01; p = 0.01). Conclusion The observed protective effect of any breastfeeding on childhood TG level was small but significant. This finding provides some support for a protective effect of breastfeeding on later CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Candice Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Roger A Edwards
- Department Health Professions Education Program, Center for Interprofessional Studies and Innovation, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Peter Giacobbi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kim Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Collin John
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - George A Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - William Neal
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Christa Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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11
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Fil JE, Fleming SA, Chichlowski M, Gross G, Berg BM, Dilger RN. Evaluation of Dietary Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation on Growth, Serum Cholesterol and Lipoproteins, and Neurodevelopment in the Young Pig. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:417. [PMID: 31681715 PMCID: PMC6811645 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a protein- and phospholipid-rich membrane that surrounds the lipid droplet in milk. We have previously reported that a diet composed of a combination of prebiotics, bovine MFGM (bMFGM), and lactoferrin (bLf) supported brain development in young pigs. Due to the growing interest of its potential benefits in neurodevelopment, the present study focused on the effects of dietary bMFGM alone using the pig as a translational model. Methods: Male pigs were provided ad libitum access to milk replacer with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (source of bMFGM) at 0 (CONT), 2.5 (MFGM-2.5), or 5 (MFGM-5.0) g/L from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 31. Blood was collected from pigs at PND 15 and 31, and pigs underwent behavioral testing using the novel object recognition task starting at PND 25. At PND 31, magnetic resonance imaging was conducted and animals were subsequently euthanized for tissue collection. Results: No group differences in body weight gain or milk intake were observed. At PND 31, few group differences were detected in absolute and relative brain volumes, brain water diffusivity outcomes, or behavioral parameters using the novel object recognition task. Serum lipoprotein was higher in pigs receiving diets with added dietary bMFGM compared with the CONT group. Serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein significantly higher (all P < 0.05) in the MFGM-2.5 compared with the CONT group. However, cholesterol concentrations within the brain prefrontal cortex and hippocampus did not differ among dietary groups. Conclusion: In this pig model, dietary supplementation with bMFGM was well-tolerated and supported growth and dietary intake similar to the control formula. Added dietary bMFGM was associated with increased serum lipoprotein, but no group differences in early brain cholesterol concentrations, macrostructure, microstructure, or recognition memory pigs at 31 days of age. Further examination of longitudinal brain development and myelination in the pig, particularly at later ages/maturation, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Fil
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Stephen A Fleming
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Gabriele Gross
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Brian M Berg
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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12
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Rao Y, Xu X, Liu D, Reis C, Newman IM, Qin L, Sharma M, Shen J, Zhao Y. Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Middle-Aged Adults in Chongqing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040768. [PMID: 29659544 PMCID: PMC5923810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Arthritis is a common disease in China, but few studies have been conducted to explore the associated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its influencing factors in Chongqing, China. This study aimed to explore the association of arthritis and HRQoL and probe factors affecting HRQoL among arthritis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chongqing, China. A total of 1224 adults were included in the analysis. Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used to measure HRQoL. Multiple linear regression models (stepwise) and covariance analysis models were used to examine the association of arthritis with HRQoL and analyze factors associated with HRQoL among arthritis patients. Results: Participants with arthritis had poorer HRQoL than those without. Among arthritis patients, the female was associated with a poorer state of physical functioning (p < 0.05); unemployed patients had a poorer state of role-physical than employed patients (p < 0.05); low average monthly income was associated with a poorer state of physical functioning (p < 0.01); childhood non-breastfeeding history was associated with a poorer state of social functioning (p < 0.01); average or dissatisfied attitude to current living conditions was associated with a poorer state of vitality and mental health (p < 0.05 for all); moreover, poor or general appetite was associated with a poorer state of role-physical, general health, social functioning, bodily pain, and role-emotional (p < 0.01 for all). Conclusions: Arthritis patients have worse HRQoL than those without in the Chinese population. Female, low socioeconomic status, childhood non-breastfeeding history, average or dissatisfied attitude to current living conditions and poor or general appetite were associated with poorer state of HRQoL among Chinese arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshuang Rao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Fourth Student Office of the School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xianglong Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dengyuan Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 24785 Stewart Street, Suite 204, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Ian M Newman
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, P.O. Box 880345, Lincoln, NE 68588-0345, USA.
| | - Liqiang Qin
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA.
- School of Health Sciences, Walden University, 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 900, Minneapolis, MS 55401, USA.
| | - Jun Shen
- The Fourth Student Office of the School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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13
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Martín-Iglesias S, Santamaría-Martín MJ, Alonso-Álvarez A, Rico-Blázquez M, del Cura-González I, Rodríguez-Barrientosn R, Barberá-Martín A, Sanz-Cuesta T, Isabel Coghen-Vigueras M, de Antonio-Ramírez I, Durand-Rincón I, Garrido-Rodriguez F, Geijo-Rincón MJ, Mielgo-Salvador R, Morales-Montalvá MS, Reviriego-Gutiérrez MA, Rivero-Garrido C, Ruiz-Calabria M, Santamaría-Mechano MP, Santiago-Fernández R, Sillero-Quintana MI, Soto-Almendro B, Terol-Claramonte M, Villa-Arranz M. Effectiveness of an educational group intervention in primary healthcare for continued exclusive breast-feeding: PROLACT study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:59. [PMID: 29482516 PMCID: PMC5828059 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization leads a global strategy to promote the initiation and maintenance of breast-feeding. Existing literature shows that education and supportive interventions, both for breast-feeding mothers as well as for healthcare professionals, can increase the proportion of women that use exclusive breast-feeding, however, more evidence is needed on the effectiveness of group interventions. METHODS This study involves a community-based cluster randomised trial conducted at Primary Healthcare Centres in the Community of Madrid (Spain). The project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational group intervention performed by primary healthcare professionals in increasing the proportion of mother-infant pairs using exclusive breastfeeding at six months compared to routine practice. The number of patients required will be 432 (216 in each arm). All mother-infant pairs using exclusive breastfeeding that seek care or information at healthcare centres will be included, as long as the infant is not older than four weeks, and the mother has used exclusive breastfeeding in the last 24 h and who gives consent to participate. The main response variable is mother-infant pairs using exclusive breast-feeding at six months. Main effectiveness will be analysed by comparing the proportion of mother-infant pairs using exclusive breast-feeding at six months between the intervention group and the control group. All statistical tests will be performed with intention-to-treat. The estimation will be adjusted using an explanatory logistic regression model. A survival analysis will be used to compare the two groups using the log-rank test to assess the effect of the intervention on the duration of breastfeeding. The control of potential confounding variables will be performed through the construction of Cox regression models. DISCUSSION We must implement strategies with scientific evidence to improve the percentage of exclusive breast-feeding at six months in our environment as established by the WHO. Group education is an instrument used by professionals in Primary Care that favours the acquisition of skills and modification of already-acquired behaviour, all making it a potential method of choice to improve rates of exclusive breast-feeding in this period. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under code number NCT01869920 (Date of registration: June 3, 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Martín-Iglesias
- Direccion Asistencial Sur de Atencion Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Avenida Juan de la Cierva, s/n, 28902 Getafe, Spain
| | | | - Ahinoa Alonso-Álvarez
- Centro de Salud Lucero, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Latina, 14, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Rico-Blázquez
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigacion Gerencia Asistencial de Atencion Primaria, Red de investigacion en Servicios de Salud en enfermedades cronicas REDISSEC, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel del Cura-González
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigacion Gerencia Asistencial Atencion Primaria, Red de investigación en Servicios de Salud en enfermedades cronicas REDISSEC, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez-Barrientosn
- Unidad de Apoyo Técnico, Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigacion, Gerencia Asistencial de Atención Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Barberá-Martín
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigacion Gerencia Asistencial de Atencion Primaria, Red de investigacion en Servicios de Salud en enfermedades cronicas REDISSEC, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Sanz-Cuesta
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigacion Gerencia Asistencial de Atencion Primaria, Red de investigacion en Servicios de Salud en enfermedades cronicas REDISSEC, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Coghen-Vigueras
- Centro de Salud los Cármenes, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Vía Carpetana, 202, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Durand-Rincón
- Centro de Salud Isabel II, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Isabel II, s/n, 28980 Parla, Spain
| | - Felisa Garrido-Rodriguez
- Centro de Salud Getafe Norte, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Rigoberta Menchú, 2, 28903 Getafe, Spain
| | - María Jesús Geijo-Rincón
- Centro de Salud Las Margaritas, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Calle Magallanes, 6, 28903 Getafe, Spain
| | - Rebeca Mielgo-Salvador
- Centro de Salud Los Yébenes, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle los Yébenes, 46, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Rivero-Garrido
- Centro de Salud Las Margaritas, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Magallanes, 6, 28903 Getafe, Spain
| | - Micaela Ruiz-Calabria
- Centro de Salud Ciempozuelos, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Padre Benito Menni, s/n, 28350 Ciempozuelos, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Santiago-Fernández
- Centro de Salud los Cármenes, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Vía Carpetana, 202, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Sillero-Quintana
- Seccion de Prevencion y Promocion de la Salud del Servicio Territorial de Salud Pública Área 9, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Avenida Portugal, 2, 28916 Leganés, Spain
| | - Beatriz Soto-Almendro
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación Gerencia Asistencial Atencion Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Terol-Claramonte
- Centro de Salud Lucero, |Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle Latina, 14, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villa-Arranz
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación Gerencia Asistencial Atencion Primaria, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Calle San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Behairy OG, Fadl AMA, Arafa OS, Fadl AA, Attia MA. Influence of early feeding practices on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in later life. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Mihalopoulos NL, Urban BM, Metos JM, Balch AH, Young PC, Jordan KC. Breast-feeding, Leptin:Adiponectin Ratio, and Metabolic Dysfunction in Adolescents with Obesity. South Med J 2017; 110:347-352. [PMID: 28464176 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased adiposity increases leptin and decreases adiponectin concentrations, resulting in an increased leptin:adiponectin ratio (LAR). In adults, components of the metabolic syndrome and other cardiometabolic risk factors, what we classify here as "metabolic dysfunction," are associated with both a high LAR and a history of being breast-fed. The relation among breast-feeding, LAR, and degree of metabolic dysfunction in obese youth is unknown. The purpose of our pilot study was to explore this relation and estimate the effect size of the relations to determine the sample size needed to power future prospective studies. METHODS We obtained fasting levels of leptin, adiponectin, lipids, insulin, and glucose from obese youth (aged 8-17 years). Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, and breast-feeding history also were assessed. RESULTS Of 96 participants, 78 were breast-fed as infants, 54% of whom were breast-fed for >6 months. Wide variation was observed in LARs among children who were and were not breast-fed (>100% coefficient of variation). Overall, prevalence of metabolic dysfunction in the cohort was 94% and was not proven to be associated with higher LAR. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of obese youth, we found a high prevalence of breast-feeding, metabolic dysfunction, and wide variation in the LARs. Based on the effect size estimated, future studies would need to enroll >1500 patients or identify, stratify, and selectively enroll obese patients without metabolic dysfunction to accurately determine whether breast-feeding in infancy influences LARs or metabolic dysfunction among obese youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Mihalopoulos
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, and the Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Brittney M Urban
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, and the Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Julie M Metos
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, and the Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Alfred H Balch
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, and the Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Paul C Young
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, and the Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kristine C Jordan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, and the Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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16
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Olson JS, Hayward MD. Breastfeeding, overweight status, and inflammation. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2017; 64:226-236. [PMID: 28364846 PMCID: PMC5380147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Research documents a host of health benefits of breastfeeding for infants and children, including long-term health conditions arising from inflammation. Here, we provide new evidence about this association, focusing on the link between breastfeeding in infancy and inflammation in early adulthood. Our study is based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) which allows us investigate a potentially important mediating pathway - overweight status from early adolescence into young adulthood. Results from pathway analyses in a structural equation modeling framework indicate that, in addition to a direct pathway linking breastfeeding and inflammation, an indirect pathway through overweight status across adolescence into young adulthood partially explains the association between breastfeeding and inflammation. Overweight status, moreover, links breastfeeding to inflammation not only through proximal timing of overweight status, but also through an indirect cascading process of overweight status over the life course that is evident in adolescence. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering breastfeeding, overweight status and inflammation as dynamic life course processes that contribute to development of health inequalities.
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González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Sinausía L, Perona JS. Association of Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration With Systemic Inflammation Markers in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 19:419-427. [PMID: 28427273 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417705464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding duration has been associated with less low-grade inflammation in healthy adolescents, but there is scarce information regarding obese subjects. This study aimed to evaluate whether exclusive breastfeeding is related to serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in a population of Spanish adolescents. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,001 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from schools in southeast Spain. Data on breastfeeding duration were collected via a parental questionnaire. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by solid-phase chemiluminescent immunometric assay. RESULTS Nonadjusted and adjusted multivariate correlation analyses confirmed a strong association ( p < .001, 95% confidence interval) between the three markers of inflammation and exclusive breastfeeding duration. No significant differences were observed for IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP serum concentrations among normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents, except for IL-6 between normal weight and obese subjects. Likewise, no significant association was found between these markers of inflammation and body mass index (BMI) z-score. CONCLUSIONS We found a possible association between inflammatory markers and exclusive breastfeeding duration in adolescents, regardless of their BMI. This finding suggests that increased body weight or obesity might not mediate the association between breastfeeding and inflammation. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between breastfeeding and inflammatory markers in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Sinausía
- 2 Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier S Perona
- 2 Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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18
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Decaro JA, Manyama M, Wilson W. Household-level predictors of maternal mental health and systemic inflammation among infants in Mwanza, Tanzania. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:461-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Decaro
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa Alabama
| | - Mange Manyama
- Department of Anatomy; Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences; Mwanza Tanzania
| | - Warren Wilson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology; University of Calgary; Alberta Canada
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Mattison SM, Wander K, Hinde K. Breastfeeding over two years is associated with longer birth intervals, but not measures of growth or health, among children in Kilimanjaro, TZ. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:807-15. [PMID: 25945696 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding has been associated with numerous health and well-being benefits for both children and their mothers, including prolonging the birth interval to the subsequent sibling. The clearest associations between breastfeeding and health outcomes, per se, reflect exclusive breastfeeding in the first months of postnatal life and are most evident during infancy. Fewer studies explore the consequences of breastfeeding for multiple years. In this article, we ask whether breastfeeding for more than 2 years is associated with discernible health and well-being benefits to children. METHODS Data were collected from 315 children, aged 2 to 7, and their caretakers residing in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Basic demographic and health information was solicited, and anthropometric and blood markers of health were evaluated. RESULTS Our results indicate a strong positive relationship between breastfeeding for 2 or more years and interbirth interval, but little evidence for a relationship between prolonged breastfeeding and several indicators of child growth and health. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that these relationships may support the recently rekindled birth spacing hypothesis, positing selection for longer interbirth intervals, rather than, or in addition to, more direct health benefits associated with breastfeeding for 2 or more years. Our results may indicate attenuating health benefits associated with longer breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán M Mattison
- Department of Biology and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215.,Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Wander
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, New York, 13902
| | - Katie Hinde
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
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Roszkowska R, Taranta-Janusz K, Tenderenda-Banasiuk E, Wasilewska A. The effects of breastfeeding on serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and body composition in children. Breastfeed Med 2015; 10:38-44. [PMID: 25358091 PMCID: PMC4307157 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2014.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this work was to investigate the association of serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels with duration of breastfeeding and body composition in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 88 patients with a median age of 12 months (42 boys, 46 girls), classified as never breastfed or fully breastfed. ADMA and hs-CRP were measured by immunoenzymatic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kits. Body composition analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS We found significantly higher serum ADMA levels but not serum hs-CRP levels in never breastfed compared with the fully breastfed group (p<0.05). Serum ADMA was inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and breastfeeding duration (p<0.05). Positive correlation was found between ADMA and body fat mass (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In never breastfed children, increased ADMA is observed; however, further studies are needed to assess whether breastfeeding duration affects body fat and body composition at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Roszkowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Białystok , Białystok, Poland
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21
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Pearce MS, Hancox RJ, Parker L, Gibson GJ. Lung function and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in the Newcastle Thousand Families birth cohort between age 49 and 51 years. Respirology 2014; 19:53-7. [PMID: 23875639 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A number of studies have suggested inverse associations between lung function and inflammatory markers, including fibrinogen. In this study, we used data from the Newcastle Thousand Families birth cohort to assess the association between contemporaneous markers of lung function and fibrinogen while adjusting for potential confounding factors throughout life. METHODS At age 49-51 years, complete data on lung function and plasma fibrinogen were available for 380 study members. These data were analysed in relation to each other, adjusted for sex and height, with further adjustment for potential confounders within linear regression models using robust estimates. RESULTS Forced expiratory volume in 1 s was significantly inversely associated with plasma fibrinogen concentration after initial adjustments for sex and height (beta = -0.12, P = 0.011) and remained so after further adjustments for pack-years of cigarettes smoked and current smoking status. On further adjustment for standardized birthweight and duration breast-fed, the association approached statistical significance (P = 0.051). Adjusting for body mass index (BMI) resulted in a loss of significance (P = 0.09), but an unchanged regression coefficient, while, after adjustment for percent body fat, rather than BMI, the association was no longer significant (P = 0.20) and the coefficient reduced. CONCLUSIONS The association between lung function and fibrinogen remains after adjustment for potential early-life confounders and smoking. However, it is not independent of contemporaneous measures of adiposity, with evidence of confounding by percent body fat. Further studies, with measures of adiposity, are required to confirm whether associations between markers of inflammation and lung function are due to residual confounding by adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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McDade TW, Metzger MW, Chyu L, Duncan GJ, Garfield C, Adam EK. Long-term effects of birth weight and breastfeeding duration on inflammation in early adulthood. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133116. [PMID: 24759854 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a potentially important physiological mechanism linking early life environments and health in adulthood. Elevated concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP)--a key biomarker of inflammation--predict increased cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk in adulthood, but the developmental factors that shape the regulation of inflammation are not known. We investigated birth weight and breastfeeding duration in infancy as predictors of CRP in young adulthood in a large representative cohort study (n = 6951). Birth weight was significantly associated with CRP in young adulthood, with a negative association for birth weights 2.8 kg and higher. Compared with individuals not breastfed, CRP concentrations were 20.1%, 26.7%, 29.6% and 29.8% lower among individuals breastfed for less than three months, three to six months, 6-12 months and greater than 12 months, respectively. In sibling comparison models, higher birth weight was associated with lower CRP for birth weights above 2.5 kg, and breastfeeding greater than or equal to three months was significantly associated with lower CRP. Efforts to promote breastfeeding and improve birth outcomes may have clinically relevant effects on reducing chronic inflammation and lowering risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W McDade
- Cells to Society (C2S): The Center on Social Disparities and Health, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, , 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, , 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, , One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA, School of Education, University of California, , Irvine, 3200 Education, Irvine, CA 92697, USA, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, , 225 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, Program on Human Development and Social Policy, Northwestern University, , 2120 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Ontsouka EC, Albrecht C. Cholesterol transport and regulation in the mammary gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:43-58. [PMID: 24510467 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The milk-producing alveolar epithelial cells secrete milk that remains after birth the principal source of nutrients for neonates. Milk secretion and composition are highly regulated processes via integrated actions of hormones and local factors which involve specific receptors and downstream signal transduction pathways. Overall milk composition is similar among mammalian species, although the content of individual constituents such as lipids may significantly differ from one species to another. The milk lipid fraction is essentially composed of triglycerides, which represent more than 95 % of the total lipids in human and commercialized bovine milk. Though sterols, including cholesterol, which is the major milk sterol, represent less than 0.5 % of the total milk lipid fraction, they are of key importance for several biological processes. Cholesterol is required for the formation of biological membranes especially in rapidly growing organisms, and for the synthesis of sterol-based compounds. Cholesterol found in milk originates predominantly from blood uptake and, to a certain extent, from local synthesis in the mammary tissue. The present review summarizes current knowledge on cellular mechanisms and regulatory processes determining intra- and transcellular cholesterol transport in the mammary gland. Cholesterol exchanges between the blood, the mammary alveolar cells and the milk, and the likely role of active cholesterol transporters in these processes are discussed. In this context, the hormonal regulation and signal transduction pathways promoting active cholesterol transport as well as potential regulatory crosstalks are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar C Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Aune D, Norat T, Romundstad P, Vatten LJ. Breastfeeding and the maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:107-115. [PMID: 24439841 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Breastfeeding has been associated with reduced risk of maternal type 2 diabetes in some cohort studies, but the evidence from published studies have differed with regard to the strength of the association. To clarify this association we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of breastfeeding and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies of breastfeeding and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes. We searched the PubMed, Embase and Ovid databases up to September 19th 2013. Summary relative risks were estimated using a random effects model. Six cohort studies including 10,842 cases among 273,961 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for the highest duration of breastfeeding vs. the lowest was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.82, I(2) = 75%, p heterogeneity = 0.001, n = 6). The summary RR for a three month increase in the duration of breastfeeding per child was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.77-1.04, I(2) = 93%, p heterogeneity < 0.0001, n = 3) and the summary RR for a one year increase in the total duration of breastfeeding was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96, I(2) = 81%, p heterogeneity = 0.001, n = 4). There was little difference in the summary estimates whether or not BMI had been adjusted for. The inverse associations appeared to be nonlinear, p nonlinearity < 0.0001 for both analyses, and in both analyses the reduction in risk was steeper when increasing breastfeeding from low levels. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant inverse association between breastfeeding and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aune
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - T Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L J Vatten
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Kelishadi R, Farajian S. The protective effects of breastfeeding on chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood: A review of evidence. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:3. [PMID: 24600594 PMCID: PMC3929058 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.124629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc., are the major causes of mortality in the world, notably in low- and middle-income countries. A growing body of evidence suggests that NCDs have a complex etiology resulting from the interaction of genetic factors, gender, age, ethnicity, and the environmental factors. It is well-documented that chronic diseases in adulthood origins in early life. In recent years, much attention has been focused on primordial and primary prevention of NCD risk factors. There are many biological and epidemiological studies on beneficial effects of breastfeeding during infancy on chronic diseases in adulthood, particularly on hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases. This review article aims to summarize the current literature on the long-term effects of breastfeeding on prevention of NCDs and their risk factors. The current literature is controversial about these effects; however, a growing body of evidence suggests that breastfeeding has protective roles against obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes mellitus during adulthood. In addition to its short-term benefits, encouraging breastfeeding can have long-term beneficial health effects at individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Professor of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanam Farajian
- MSc of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Breast-fed infants and their later cardiovascular health: a prospective study from birth to age 32 years. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1069-76. [PMID: 24229506 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of infant breast-feeding on cardiovascular risk in young adults. This unique study group involved 158 subjects (eighty-two females) originally collected prospectively at birth in 1975 and followed up to the age of 32 years. Frequent visits during the first year guaranteed the knowledge of the precise duration of breast-feeding. All infants received at least some breast milk. Participants were assessed for both individual cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, plasma lipids, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and waist circumference) and the general clinical risk of cardiovascular events by calculating the Framingham risk score (FRS) and the metabolic syndrome criteria score (NCEP-ATPIII; National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III). Data on lifestyle factors were carefully collected. Linear regression analyses revealed that the effect of the duration of breast-feeding was not relevant (0·02 decrease in the FRS per one additional breast-feeding month; 95 % CI - 0·19, 0·09). Similarly, the effect of breast-feeding was minor on all of the individual cardiovascular risk factors. We used sex, physical activity, dietary fat and vitamin C, smoking and alcohol consumption as covariates. Again, logistic regression analyses detected no significant impact of the duration of breast-feeding on the risk of the metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP-ATPIII (OR 0·95, 95 % CI 0·8, 1·1). The strongest independent predictor for later CVD risk was male sex. In conclusion, in this prospectively followed cohort of young adults born at term and at weight appropriate for gestational age, the duration of breast-feeding did not have an impact on the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Ontsouka EC, Huang X, Stieger B, Albrecht C. Characteristics and functional relevance of apolipoprotein-A1 and cholesterol binding in mammary gland tissues and epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70407. [PMID: 23936200 PMCID: PMC3729845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol in milk is derived from the circulating blood through a complex transport process involving the mammary alveolar epithelium. Details of the mechanisms involved in this transfer are unclear. Apolipoprotein-AI (apoA-I) is an acceptor of cellular cholesterol effluxed by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1). We aimed to 1) determine the binding characteristics of (125)I-apoA-I and (3)H-cholesterol to enriched plasma membrane vesicles (EPM) isolated from lactating and non-lactating bovine mammary glands (MG), 2) optimize the components of an in vitro model describing cellular (3)H-cholesterol efflux in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (MeBo), and 3) assess the vectorial cholesterol transport in MeBo using Transwell(®) plates. The amounts of isolated EPM and the maximal binding capacity of (125)I-apoA-I to EPM differed depending on the MG's physiological state, while the kinetics of (3)H-cholesterol and (125)I-apoA-I binding were similar. (3)H-cholesterol incorporated maximally to EPM after 25±9 min. The time to achieve the half-maximum binding of (125)I-apoA-I at equilibrium was 3.3±0.6 min. The dissociation constant (KD) of (125)I-apoA-I ranged between 40-74 nmol/L. Cholesterol loading to EPM increased both cholesterol content and (125)I-apoA-I binding. The ABCA1 inhibitor Probucol displaced (125)I-apoA-I binding to EPM and reduced (3)H-cholesterol efflux in MeBo. Time-dependent (3)H-cholesterol uptake and efflux showed inverse patterns. The defined binding characteristics of cholesterol and apoA-I served to establish an efficient and significantly shorter cholesterol efflux protocol that had been used in MeBo. The application of this protocol in Transwell(®) plates with the upper chamber mimicking the apical (milk-facing) and the bottom chamber corresponding to the basolateral (blood-facing) side of cells showed that the degree of (3)H-cholesterol efflux in MeBo differed significantly between the apical and basolateral aspects. Our findings support the importance of the apoA-I/ABCA1 pathway in MG cholesterol transport and suggest its role in influencing milk composition and directing cholesterol back into the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Corneille Ontsouka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Nambiar S, Truby H, Davies PS. Exploring the influence of breastfeeding on abdominal adiposity in young children using the waist to height ratio. Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Nambiar
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre; School of Medicine; Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- Nutrition and Dietetics; Southern Clinical School; Monash University; Monash Medical Centre; Melbourne; Victoria; Australia
| | - Peter S.W. Davies
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre; School of Medicine; Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Queensland; Brisbane; Queensland; Australia
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Tarrant RC, Sheridan-Pereira M, McCarthy RA, Younger KM, Kearney JM. Mothers who Formula Feed: Their Practices, Support Needs and Factors Influencing their Infant Feeding Decision. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/13575279.2012.737764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this review was to evaluate factors in early childhood (≤5 years of age) that are the most significant predictors of the development of obesity in adulthood. Factors of interest included exposures/insults in the prenatal period, infancy and early childhood, as well as other socio-demographic variables such as socioeconomic status (SES) or birth place that could impact all three time periods. An extensive electronic and systematic search initially resulted in 8,880 citations, after duplicates were removed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were set, and following two screening processes, 135 studies were retained for detailed abstraction and analysis. A total of 42 variables were associated with obesity in adulthood; however, of these, only seven variables may be considered as potential early markers of obesity based on the reported associations. Possible early markers of obesity included maternal smoking and maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Probable early markers of obesity included maternal body mass index, childhood growth patterns (early rapid growth and early adiposity rebound), childhood obesity and father's employment (a proxy measure for SES in many studies). Health promotion programmes/agencies should consider these factors as reasonable targets to reduce the risk of adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Brisbois
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Yamamoto Y, Saito R, Goto M, Araki S, Kubo K, Kawagoe R, Kawada Y, Kusuhara K. An Infantile Case of Transient, Severe Hypercholesterolemia with Normalization after Complete Weaning from Breast-feeding. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2012; 21:21-7. [PMID: 23926407 PMCID: PMC3698901 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.21.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20-d-old boy was referred to our department because of hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal mass screening and
diagnosed with neonatal transient hyperthyrotropinemia. A follow-up examination when the patient was 5 mo old
revealed severe hypercholesterolemia. Familial hypercholesterolemia was first suspected because of the
patient’s significantly high levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The parent’s serum lipid
profiles were examined and found to be normal. He was completely breast-fed until 6 mo of age. Breast milk was
still the main source of food for a period following weaning. At 14 mo old, the patient was weaned completely
from breast milk, and his serum cholesterol levels decreased dramatically. According to the normal lipid
profiles of the patient’s parents and the spontaneous normalization of serum cholesterol levels after complete
weaning from breast milk, breast-feeding was suggested to be responsible for his transient severe
hypercholesterolemia. It is well documented that breast-fed infants have higher serum cholesterol levels than
formula-fed infants. However, there is no reported case with severe hypercholesterolemia equivalent to or
higher than the levels observed in the case of familial hypercholesterolemia. Although the exact mechanism is
unknown, it is necessary to consider that a small number of cases develop severe hypercholesterolemia related
to breast-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
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Robinson SM, Simmonds SJ, Jameson KA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Muscle Strength in Older Community-Dwelling Men Is Related to Type of Milk Feeding in Infancy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:990-6. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Lifecourse predictors of adult fibrinogen levels: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study. Int J Cardiol 2012; 155:206-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Relationship between breast-feeding and adiposity in infants and pre-school children. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:1639-44. [PMID: 22369713 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011003569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to establish associations of duration of breast-feeding with mean BMI and waist circumference, as well as the likelihood of being overweight/obese, during early childhood. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-based study. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI calculated. Interviewer-administered questionnaire determined whether the child was ever breast-fed and the duration of breast-feeding. SETTING Sydney, Australia. SUBJECTS Infants and pre-school children (n 2092) aged 1-6 years were examined in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study during 2007-2009. RESULTS Of the children aged 1-6 years, 1270 had been breast-fed compared with 822 who were never breast-fed. After multivariable adjustment, 1-6-year-old children who were ever breast-fed compared with those who were not had significantly lower BMI, 16·7 (se 0·1) kg/m2 v. 17·1 (se 0·2) kg/m2 (P = 0·01). Decreasing BMI was associated with increasing duration of breast-feeding (P trend = 0·002). After multivariable adjustment, each month increase in breast-feeding was associated with an average BMI decrease of 0·04 kg/m2 (P = 0·002) and 0·03 kg/m2 (P = 0·03) among children aged 1-2 years and 3-4 years, respectively. In 1-2-year-old children, each month increase in breast-feeding duration was associated with a 0·06 cm decrease in waist circumference (P = 0·04). Significant associations were not observed among 5-6-year-old children. Children who were ever breast-fed v. those never breast-fed were less likely to be overweight/obese (multivariable-adjusted OR = 0·54; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·83). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a modest influence of breast-feeding on children's BMI during early childhood, particularly among those aged less than 5 years.
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Brisbois TD, Farmer AP, McCargar LJ. Early markers of adult obesity: a review. OBESITY REVIEWS : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF OBESITY 2011. [PMID: 22171945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00965.x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to evaluate factors in early childhood (≤5 years of age) that are the most significant predictors of the development of obesity in adulthood. Factors of interest included exposures/insults in the prenatal period, infancy and early childhood, as well as other socio-demographic variables such as socioeconomic status (SES) or birth place that could impact all three time periods. An extensive electronic and systematic search initially resulted in 8,880 citations, after duplicates were removed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were set, and following two screening processes, 135 studies were retained for detailed abstraction and analysis. A total of 42 variables were associated with obesity in adulthood; however, of these, only seven variables may be considered as potential early markers of obesity based on the reported associations. Possible early markers of obesity included maternal smoking and maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Probable early markers of obesity included maternal body mass index, childhood growth patterns (early rapid growth and early adiposity rebound), childhood obesity and father's employment (a proxy measure for SES in many studies). Health promotion programmes/agencies should consider these factors as reasonable targets to reduce the risk of adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Brisbois
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Moraes JFVN, Giugliano R. Aleitamento materno exclusivo e adiposidade. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822011000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Associar o tempo de amamentação exclusiva da criança à adiposidade central e periférica, por meio do índice de massa corporal, dos perímetros da cintura e do braço, e das dobras cutâneas triciptal, subescapular e a somatória destas em pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa de delineamento transversal, em que 134 pré-escolares entre três e cinco anos de idade de uma escola par-ticular de Brasília, DF, foram avaliados quanto a: massa corporal, estatura, perímetros do braço e da cintura, dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular. Os pais das crianças responderam a um questionário sobre tempo de amamentação. O diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obe-sidade foi realizado de acordo com a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde para o índice de massa corporal por idade. RESULTADOS: As meninas tiveram maior concentração adiposa na dobra cutânea triciptal (p=0,001), subescapular (p=0,044) e na somatória destas (p=0,003) em relação aos meninos. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi similar nos dois sexos (25,4% nos meninos e 22,6% nas meninas), assim como o tempo médio de amamentação exclusiva (4,3 meses para meninos e 4,6 meses para meninas). Notou-se correlação inversa significativa entre tempo de amamentação exclusiva e perímetro da cintura (r=-0,166; p=0,05). As demais variáveis também mostraram tendência de correlação inversa com o tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo, porém sem valores significativos. CONCLUSÕES: A associação inversa entre o tempo de ama-mentação e o perímetro da cintura mostra um possível efeito do aleitamento materno sobre a distribuição de gordura corporal no pré-escolar.
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Evelein AMV, Geerts CC, Visseren FLJ, Bots ML, van der Ent CK, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. The association between breastfeeding and the cardiovascular system in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:712-8. [PMID: 21310835 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is suggested to have beneficial effects on children's health and future health status. However, its cardiovascular effects in childhood and possibly later in life remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of exclusive breastfeeding in early childhood. DESIGN We used the ongoing WHeezing Illnesses STudy LEidsche Rijn (WHISTLER) birth cohort to obtain data on infant feeding. In the first 306 children who were 5 y of age, ultrasonographic measurements of the carotid artery were performed to obtain carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), distensibility, and elastic modulus. RESULTS At 5 y of age, children who had been exclusively breastfed in infancy for 3 to 6 mo had a CIMT that was 21.1 μm greater than that of exclusively formula-fed children (95% CI: 5.0, 37.2 μm; P = 0.01, adjusted for confounders). CIMT was not significantly different between children exclusively breastfed for either <3 or >6 mo and formula-fed children. In addition, no significant differences in carotid stiffness were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS The duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infancy is related to properties of the carotid arterial wall at the age of 5 y, as shown by the greater CIMT in children who were exclusively breastfed for 3 to 6 mo. This relation was independent of early growth in infancy and current cardiovascular disease risk factors. The choice of infant feeding appears to have an effect on the vascular system already in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke M V Evelein
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Shields L, Mamun AA, O'Callaghan M, Williams GM, Najman JM. Breastfeeding and obesity at 21 years: a cohort study. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:1612-7. [PMID: 20579201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the influence of breastfeeding on overweight and obesity, as determined by body mass index in early adulthood. BACKGROUND Obesity is a contemporary epidemic and linked to increased risk of later cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The success of long-term treatment is modest. Protective factors, such as potentially, and breastfeeding, are few and very important. There are uncertainties as to whether breastfeeding has a protective effect, especially in adults, or whether it is a reflection of other markers of obesity that are more linked to cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk. Some studies suggest that breastfeeding is protective in later life for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. DESIGN Epidemiological analysis of longitudinal data set. METHODS We collected data about breastfeeding duration, body mass index of children at 21 years and confounding variables from an ongoing longitudinal study of a singleton birth cohort of 7223 children in Brisbane. We assessed the duration of breastfeeding at six months and prevalence of overweight and obesity at 21 years by body mass index. Adjustment for potential confounders was by multivariable multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Data were available for 2553 young adults. In neither the unadjusted or adjusted analysis was longer duration of breastfeeding associated with reduction in obesity at 21 years. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this investigation are consistent with breastfeeding not independently affecting body mass index in young adults. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Breastfeeding has a range of important benefits for infants, mothers and families, although duration of breastfeeding may not play a substantial role in preventing adult onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Shields
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University and Princess Margaret Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia.
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Pasquali SK, Marino BS, Pudusseri A, Wernovsky G, Paridon SM, Walker SA, Cohen MS. Risk factors and comorbidities associated with obesity in children and adolescents after the arterial switch operation and Ross procedure. Am Heart J 2009; 158:473-9. [PMID: 19699873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 25% of patients with congenital heart disease are obese (OB) or overweight (OW). Unique factors such as activity restriction and early feeding practices may play a role. We evaluated a high-risk cohort predisposed to early coronary artery disease due to past surgery involving coronary artery reimplantation. METHODS Patients at our institution who underwent the arterial switch or Ross operation were included. Data collection included chart review and activity and diet questionnaires. The proportion of OB/OW (body mass index > or =85%) was compared to national data. Factors associated with OB/OW were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were enrolled. Median age was 14.2 years (6.0-19.9 years); 69% were male. Similar to national data, 31% were OB/OW (vs 31%, P = nonsignificant [NS]). There was no difference comparing OB/OW to normal-weight patients in activity restriction (cardiologist documented 27% vs 27%; parent reported 38% vs 42%, P = NS), activity level (9.8 hours/week [1.7-41.2] vs 11.5 [0.8-52.3], P = NS), or early feeding practices (formula vs breastfeeding, caloric fortification, tube feeding). OB/OW patients were more likely to have an OB parent (70% vs 37%, P = .01). Left ventricular mass index was higher in OB/OW patients (48.8 g/m(2.7) [24.4-120.6] vs 37.7 g/m(2.7) [16.5-85.1], P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Nearly one third of ASO and Ross patients were OB/OW. Obese/overweight was not found to be related to activity restriction or early feeding practices, but was associated with parental obesity. Obese or OW patients had higher left ventricular mass. Obesity and associated comorbidities may pose additional cardiovascular risk in this unique population who underwent coronary artery reimplantation in childhood.
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Parikh NI, Hwang SJ, Ingelsson E, Benjamin EJ, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Murabito JM. Breastfeeding in infancy and adult cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J Med 2009; 122:656-63.e1. [PMID: 19559168 PMCID: PMC2704490 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health recommendations advocate breastfeeding in infancy as a means to reduce obesity in later life. Several prior studies relating breastfeeding to cardiovascular risk factors have been limited by lack of adjustment for maternal and participant confounding factors. METHODS We ascertained breastfeeding history via questionnaire from mothers enrolled in the Framingham Offspring Study. In their young to middle-aged adult children enrolled in the Framingham Third Generation, we examined the relations between maternal breastfeeding history (yes, no) and cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. We applied generalized estimating equations to account for sibling correlations and adjusted for maternal and participant lifestyle, education, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS In Third Generation participants (n = 962, mean age = 41 years, 54% were women), 26% of their mothers reported breastfeeding. Compared with non-breastfed individuals, breastfed adult participants had lower multivariable-adjusted BMI (26.1 kg/m2 vs 26.9 kg/m2, P = .04) and higher HDL cholesterol levels (HDL 56.6 mg/dL vs 53.7 mg/dL, P = .01). On additional adjustment for BMI, the association between breastfeeding and HDL cholesterol was attenuated (P = .09). Breastfeeding was not associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding in infancy is inversely associated with adult BMI and positively associated with HDL cholesterol. Associations between breastfeeding and BMI may mediate the association between breastfeeding and HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha I Parikh
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Mass, USA
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Pearce MS, Relton CL, Parker L, Unwin NC. Sex differences in the association between infant feeding and blood cholesterol in later life: the Newcastle thousand families cohort study at age 49-51 years. Eur J Epidemiol 2009; 24:375-80. [PMID: 19479328 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-009-9344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an association between being breastfed and later cholesterol levels. We investigated whether duration of total and exclusive breastfeeding were related to circulating total, HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride measures at age 50, and whether such associations differ between men and women. Members of the Newcastle thousand families study were followed from birth in 1947. Men (n = 179) and 226 women (n = 226) with blood cholesterol and triglyceride measures at age 50 and with prospectively recorded duration of both total and exclusive breastfeeding were included. Neither total duration nor duration of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with the outcome measures when analysing both sexes together. However, in sex specific analyses significant associations between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and both total and LDL cholesterol (adjusted regression coefficient (r) per 30 days = 0.12 mmol/l (95% CI 0.04-0.20) P = 0.004 for total cholesterol and adjusted r per 30 days = 0.10 mmol/l (95% CI 0.02-0.18) P = 0.016 for LDL cholesterol) were seen for women with no significant associations observed in men. Significant interactions between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and sex were seen for total and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) with a near-significant interaction for HDL cholesterol (P = 0.06). In all cases, greater increases in cholesterol with increasing duration of exclusive breastfeeding were seen for women than for men. In conclusion, the association between breastfeeding and adult cholesterol levels differs between men and women and in women remains a significant association even after adjustment for potential confounders. However, our findings may not reflect the situation in younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health and Society, Sir James Spence Institute, Newcastle University, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Oyama M, Nakamura K, Tsuchiya Y, Yamamoto M. Unhealthy Maternal Lifestyle Leads to Rapid Infant Weight Gain: Prevention of Future Chronic Diseases. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2009; 217:67-72. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.217.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Oyama
- Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Yasuo Tsuchiya
- Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Masaharu Yamamoto
- Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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Abstract
Breast-feeding is the superior infant feeding method from birth, with research
consistently demonstrating its numerous short- and long-term health benefits for
both mother and infant. As a global recommendation the WHO advises that mothers
should exclusively breast-feed for the first 6-months of life, thus delaying the
introduction of solids during this time. Historically, Irish breast-feeding
initiation rates have remained strikingly low in comparison with international
data and there has been little improvement in breast-feeding duration rates.
There is wide geographical variation in terms of breast-feeding initiation both
internationally and in Ireland. Some of these differences in breast-feeding
rates may be associated with differing socio-economic characteristics. A recent
cross-sectional prospective study of 561 pregnant women attending a Dublin
hospital and followed from the antenatal period to 6 months post partum has
found that 47% of the Irish-national mothers initiated
breast-feeding, while only 24% were still offering
‘any’ breast milk to their infants at 6 weeks.
Mothers' positive antenatal feeding intention to breast-feed is
indicated as one of the most important independent determinants of initiation
and ‘any’ breast-feeding at 6 weeks, suggesting that the
antenatal period should be targeted as an effective time to influence and affect
mothers' attitudes and beliefs pertaining to breast-feeding. These
results suggest that the ‘cultural’ barrier towards
breast-feeding appears to still prevail in Ireland and consequently an
environment that enables women to breast-feed is far from being achieved.
Undoubtedly, a shift towards a more positive and accepting breast-feeding
culture is required if national breast-feeding rates are to improve.
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Owen CG, Whincup PH, Kaye SJ, Martin RM, Davey Smith G, Cook DG, Bergstrom E, Black S, Wadsworth MEJ, Fall CH, Freudenheim JL, Nie J, Huxley RR, Kolacek S, Leeson CP, Pearce MS, Raitakari OT, Lisinen I, Viikari JS, Ravelli AC, Rudnicka AR, Strachan DP, Williams SM. Does initial breastfeeding lead to lower blood cholesterol in adult life? A quantitative review of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:305-14. [PMID: 18689365 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.2.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies have suggested that infant feeding may program long-term changes in cholesterol metabolism. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether breastfeeding is associated with lower blood cholesterol concentrations in adulthood. DESIGN The study consisted of a systematic review of published observational studies relating initial infant feeding status to blood cholesterol concentrations in adulthood (ie, aged >16 y). Data were available from 17 studies (17 498 subjects; 12 890 breastfed, 4608 formula-fed). Mean differences in total cholesterol concentrations (breastfed minus formula-fed) were pooled by using fixed-effect models. Effects of adjustment (for age at outcome, socioeconomic position, body mass index, and smoking status) and exclusion (of nonexclusive breast feeders) were examined. RESULTS Mean total blood cholesterol was lower (P = 0.037) among those ever breastfed than among those fed formula milk (mean difference: -0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00 mmol/L). The difference in cholesterol between infant feeding groups was larger (P = 0.005) and more consistent in 7 studies that analyzed "exclusive" feeding patterns (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.23, -0.06 mmol/L) than in 10 studies that analyzed nonexclusive feeding patterns (-0.01 mmol/L; -0.06, 0.03 mmol/L). Adjustment for potential confounders including socioeconomic position, body mass index, and smoking status in adult life had minimal effect on these estimates. CONCLUSIONS Initial breastfeeding (particularly when exclusive) may be associated with lower blood cholesterol concentrations in later life. Moves to reduce the cholesterol content of formula feeds below those of breast milk should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Owen
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Wan EWX, Davey K, Page-Sharp M, Hartmann PE, Simmer K, Ilett KF. Dose-effect study of domperidone as a galactagogue in preterm mothers with insufficient milk supply, and its transfer into milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 66:283-9. [PMID: 18507654 PMCID: PMC2492930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the possibility of a dose-response relationship for the use of domperidone in treating insufficient milk supply in mothers of preterm infants, and to quantify the exposure of the breastfed infant to domperidone. METHODS Six preterm mothers received domperidone (30 mg daily or 60 mg daily) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Milk production and serum prolactin were measured before and during the trial, and domperidone concentration in milk was measured during drug treatment. RESULTS For milk production, two of the mothers were 'nonresponders', whereas the other four were 'responders' and showed a significant increase in milk production from 8.7 +/- 3.1 g h(-1) in the run-in phase (mean +/- SEM), 23.6 +/- 3.9 g h(-1) for the 30-mg dose (P = 0.0217) and 29.4 +/- 6.6 g h(-1) for the 60-mg dose (P = 0.0047). In all participants, serum prolactin was significantly increased for both doses, but the response was not dose dependent. Median (interquartile range) domperidone concentrations in milk over a dose interval at steady-state were 0.28 microg l(-1) (0.24-0.43) and 0.49 microg l(-1) (0.33-0.72) for the 30-mg and 60-mg doses, respectively. The mean relative infant dose was 0.012% at 30 mg daily and 0.009% at 60 mg daily. CONCLUSION In one-third of mothers, domperidone did not increase milk production. In the remainder, milk production increased at both domperidone doses, and there was a trend for a dose-response relationship. The amount of domperidone that transfers into milk was extremely low, and infant exposure via breastfeeding was not considered to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise W-X Wan
- Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Associations of birth size and duration of breast feeding with cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Eur J Epidemiol 2008; 23:411-22. [PMID: 18470625 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-008-9259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the developmental origins of cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS We examined the associations of birth size and duration of breast feeding with cardiorespiratory fitness assessed at the 9 year follow-up examination in 3612 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We used physical work capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC(170)) as our assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness. This was estimated using standard regression methods from parameters measured using an electronically braked cycle ergometer. RESULTS Birth weight, length and ponderal index were all positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in both sexes, with no strong evidence of a difference in effect between girls and boys. Work capacity increased by 1.12 W (95% CI: 0.83, 1.40) on average per 1 standard deviation (SD) greater birth weight. This association was not affected by adjustment for socioeconomic position and maternal smoking during pregnancy; there was some attenuation with adjustment for both maternal and paternal height and body mass index and more marked attenuation with adjustment for the child's height and body mass index. In the fully adjusted model work capacity increased by 0.51 W (95% CI: 0.21, 0.81) per SD birth weight. Whether an individual had been breastfed and duration of breastfeeding were not associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in any models. CONCLUSION Our results provide some support for a role of intrauterine factors in determining cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood.
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