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Lee A, Ko J, Choi G, Choi K, Choi S, Kim HJ, Moon HB, Kim S, Park J. Homemade weaning foods as a source of lead and mercury exposure in Korean infants - A dietary risk assessment study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170766. [PMID: 38350572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are neurodevelopmental toxicants that pose risks to cognitive and behavioral health. Given early childhood's vulnerability to these metals, understanding their sources and pathways of exposure during infancy is crucial for public health. During the weaning process, infants may be exposed to metals through the baby food they consume. We aimed to assess metal exposure through homemade weaning foods by analyzing 288 samples consumed by 157 Korean infants aged 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 24-27 months. Pb was detected in 65 % of samples, with levels reaching up to 169 ng/g. Notably, 58 % exceeded the Maximum Level (ML) of 10 ng/g, with a median concentration of 14.7 ng/g fresh weight. Total Hg was found in 88 % of samples, with a median concentration of 4.56 ng/g fresh weight. Estimated median daily intakes of Pb and Hg were 0.29 and 0.09 μg/kg/d, respectively. Considering a benchmark dose for Pb (0.5 μg/kg/d by EFSA), 94 % (the margin of exposure <10) of all age groups was estimated to have a potential health concern associated with homemade baby food consumption. For Hg, only 6 % exceeded a hazard quotients of 1 compared to a provisional tolerable weekly intake for Hg (4 μg/kg/week by WHO). This study marks the first direct assessment of daily Pb and Hg intake through homemade baby food among Korean infants. Our findings underscore the urgent need for heightened awareness regarding metal exposure through homemade baby food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Chen H, Zhou Y, Lin X, Yang L, Zhan B, Wei Y, Sun R, Yang H, Zhang Z, Deng G. The association of serum toxic metals and essential elements during early pregnancy with body mass index trajectory of infants during the first years: A prospective study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115766. [PMID: 38039855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, prior research has yet to delve into the combined and interactive relationships between maternal exposure to essential elements and toxic metals and infancy's continuous growth and trajectories. This study aims to discern infant growth trajectories in the first year of life and to determine the associations of maternal serum levels of essential elements and toxic metals with growth trajectory. Within a Chinese prospective cohort in 2019 - 2021, 407 mother-infant pairs were included, and the serum levels of five essential elements (zinc, calcium, copper, magnesium and iron) and two toxic metals (cadmium and lead) in early pregnancy were assessed. The growth trajectory of infants was followed until age one year. Raw BMI and height values were transformed to age- and sex-specific BMI and height standard deviation (SD) scores. Latent-class group-based trajectory models and piecewise linear mixed regression were estimated to determine infant growth trajectories and growth velocity, respectively. The individual relationship between maternal metallic element levels and infant growth trajectory was examined using multinomial logistic regression models and linear mixed regression, while joint associations and interactive relationships were explored using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) following confounder adjustments. Four distinct trajectory patterns based on BMI-z score (low-rapid BMI gain group, normal-stable BMI group, very low-rapid BMI gain group and normal-rapid BMI gain group) and length-for-age (high-stable length group, low-stable length group, normal-rapid length gain group, very low-rapid length gain group) were identified during the first year post-birth, respectively. In single-metal and multiple-metal models, infants born to mothers with higher serum Zn and lower serum Cu levels were associated with a normal-rapid BMI gain trajectory during the first year. Serum Cu exhibited a positive correlation with the rate of BMI change solely in infants aged 6-12 months. Further, the BKMR analysis revealed a statistically significant and negative joint effect of the five essential elements on the likelihood of normal-rapid BMI/length gain trajectory when serum levels of these elements fell below the 70th percentile compared to median levels. In addition, high levels of serum copper and calcium interactively affect the rates of BMI change during 6-12 months old (β: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.03, P = 0.04, P-interaction=0.04). In conclusion, maternal trace elements at early pregnancy are linked to infant growth patterns and growth velocity in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengying Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanyao Yang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zhan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhuan Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Union Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Arabnezhad MR, Haghani F, Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Jafarzadeh E, Mohammadi H, Yadegari JG, Farkhondeh T, Aschner M, Darroudi M, Marouzi S, Samarghandian S. Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling in Lead-induced Toxicity. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3529-3549. [PMID: 37221680 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230522143341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is used as one of the main protective factors against various pathological processes, as it regulates cells resistant to oxidation. Several studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb), and the development of various human diseases. These metals have been reported to be able to, directly and indirectly, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress in various organs. Since Nrf2 signaling is important in maintaining redox status, it has a dual role depending on the specific biological context. On the one hand, Nrf2 provides a protective mechanism against metal-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it can induce metalinduced carcinogenesis upon prolonged exposure and activation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the latest knowledge on the functional interrelation between toxic metals, such as Pb and Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemian Yadegari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Marouzi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
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Olujimi O, Ajakore S, Abuganloye D, Arowolo T, Steiner O, Goessler W, Towolawi T. Levels of toxic and trace metals in the breast milk of lactating mothers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:168-173. [PMID: 37649468 PMCID: PMC10462791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Breast milk is an essential source of nutrients and energy for infants. The study analyzed for the levels of essential, toxic and rare earth elements in the breast milk of lactating mothers within Abeokuta metropolis. Materials and methods Thirty-seven (37) breast milk samples were collected with consents of lactating mothers at Ogun State General Hospital in Abeokuta. The samples were digested using standard method and analyzed for essential, toxic and rare earth elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. Results The results showed higher concentrations of toxic elements than essential elements in the breast milk of lactating mothers, where five toxic metals: Ag, Ti, V, Pb and Ba were observed to be present in 11, 14, 15, 17 and 23 breast milk samples respectively. Two essential (P and S) and two toxic (Cd and Hg (except sample 19)) elements were observed to be present in all the breast milk samples. Rare Earth Elements (except Sr, U and Rb) were below the detection limit of the instrument. Though three breast milk samples (12, 14 and 17) were observed safe, they contained two toxic (Cd and Hg) and a rare earth trace (Rb) element. Conclusion It could be concluded that despite the inherent benefits of human breast milk with essential elements to the infants, it can still be a source of toxic and trace earth metals contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Olujimi
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon Ajakore
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola Abuganloye
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Toyin Arowolo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oliver Steiner
- Institute for Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitaesplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute for Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitaesplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Taofeek Towolawi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Fountain University Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Claus Henn B. Invited Perspective: Metals, Micronutrients, and Mixtures-Future Directions. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:81305. [PMID: 37585347 PMCID: PMC10431466 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Claus Henn
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vigeh M, Sahebi L, Yokoyama K. Prenatal blood lead levels and Birth Weight: a Meta-analysis study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 21:1-10. [PMID: 37155699 PMCID: PMC10163201 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Lead, a known toxic metal, causes several adverse reproductive effects, including low birth weight. Fortunately, the exposure level has sharply decreased during the recent decades, but a definitive safe level did not introduce for pregnant women yet. The current meta-analysis study aimed to conduct a quantitative estimation of maternal and umbilical cord blood lead effects on birth weight. Methods Two researchers have independently searched the scientific literature for retrieving related studies using the PRISMA criteria for data extraction. Twenty-one full-text articles were selected from primary 5006 titles, limited by the English language and published between 1991 and 2020 on humans. Results The pooled mean of maternal and umbilical cord blood lead levels were 6.85 µg/dL (95% CI: 3.36-10.34) and 5.41 µg/dL (95%CI: 3.43-7.40), respectively. The correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant inverse association between the mean maternal blood lead level and birth weight, which was confirmed by Fisher Z-Transformation analysis (-0.374, 95% CI: -0.382, -0.365, p < 0.01). In addition, a significantly lower birth weight (∆: 229 gr, p < 0.05) was found in the relatively high level of maternal blood lead than in low-level exposure (> 5 µg/dL vs. ≤ 5 µg/dL, respectively). Conclusion In short, the present study findings suggest an increasing maternal blood lead levels could be a potential risk factor for reducing birth weight. Thus, pregnant women should avoid lead exposure, as much as possible. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00843-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Vigeh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Immam Knomeini Hospital , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 142933141, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunyaku-ko, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leyla Sahebi
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunyaku-ko, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunyaku-ko, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
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Hwang YH, Wu HC, Shyu MK, Lee CN, Lin SY, Chen PC, Chuang HY, Lin PW, Wu TH, Chen YT. Temporal transition trends of cord blood lead levels in various human development index countries and in the Taipei metropolitan area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121900. [PMID: 37244535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since low-level lead exposure is still of concern for neonates, it is worth further characterizing the temporal transition trends of cord blood lead levels (CBLLs) globally and locally in Taipei, Taiwan, after the cessation of leaded gasoline use. A literature review on CBLLs around the world was performed by searching three databanks, i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science, with the search keywords "cord blood" combined with "lead" or "Pb" for studies published from 1975 to May 2021. In total, 66 articles were included. Linear regressions for the reciprocal of sample size weighed CBLLs against calendar year presented a high r2 value (0.722) for the very high Human Development Index (HDI) countries and a moderate r2 value (0.308) for the combined high and medium HDI countries. The predicted CBLLs in 2030 and 2040 were 6.92 (95% CI: 6.02-7.81) μg/L and 5.85 (95% CI: 5.04-6.66) μg/L, respectively, for the very high HDI countries and 13.10 (95% CI: 7.12-19.09) μg/L and 10.63 (95% CI: 5.37-15.89) μg/L, respectively, for the combined high and medium HDI countries. To characterize the CBLL transitions in the Great Taipei metropolitan area, data from five studies conducted from 1985 to 2018 were employed. Although the results of the early four studies indicated that the Great Taipei metropolitan area did not reach the pace in CBLL reduction among the very high HDI countries, the CBLLs of the latest study during 2016-2018 were pretty low (8.1 ± 4.5 μg/L), approximately 3 years in advance of the very high HDI countries as one group to reach this low CBLL. In conclusion, further effective reduction in environmental lead exposure is challenging and must be based on the efforts from the aspects reflected by the HDI index compositions, i.e., economics, education and health, mostly implying health disparity and inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Huei Hwang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Master of Public Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hui-Chu Wu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Kwang Shyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Yu Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wen Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tso-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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He L, Chang C, Xue Q, Zhong X, Zhao X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ding X. Bismuth nanoparticles decorated vertically arranged graphene as flexible electrodes for highly efficient detection of Pb(II) ions in water. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ventre S, Desai G, Roberson R, Kordas K. Toxic metal exposures from infant diets: Risk prevention strategies for caregivers and health care professionals. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2022; 52:101276. [PMID: 36266220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Concerns are growing regarding the presence of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the ingredients and prepared foods for infants and young children. There are few clear, evidence-based, guidelines on the maximum tolerable limits of toxicants in foods and little understanding of toxicant exposure or adverse health effects attributable to dietary exposure. Caregivers are faced with the burden of making decisions about which foods to select, how often to feed them to their children, and what foods to limit. This article reviews the current literature and existing recommendations on dietary exposure to toxic elements in children under 2 years of age, and their health effects in early childhood-focusing on growth, neurodevelopment, and immune function. The article also outlines best practices for healthcare providers to address the concerns of toxic element exposure through the diet in young children. Several foods consistently appear in the literature as potential sources of toxic element exposure. Contaminated drinking and cooking water, including water used to prepare infant formula, could also be a major exposure source. In the absence of stronger evidence on effects of dietary modification, exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age, followed by a diverse diet are some strategies to reduce dietary toxic element exposure while ensuring an adequate and balanced nutrient intake. Healthcare providers can support families by sharing information and encouraging blood Pb testing, the only element for which such testing is currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ventre
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, USA; New York State Children's Environmental Health Center, USA.
| | - Gauri Desai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, USA
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García-Villarino M, Signes-Pastor AJ, Karagas MR, Riaño-Galán I, Rodríguez-Dehli C, Grimalt JO, Junqué E, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A. Exposure to metal mixture and growth indicators at 4-5 years. A study in the INMA-Asturias cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112375. [PMID: 34785205 PMCID: PMC8671344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to toxic and non-toxic metals impacts childhood growth and development, but limited data exists on exposure to metal mixtures. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to individual metals and a mixture of barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, zinc, and arsenic on growth indicators in children 4-5 years of age. METHODS We used urine metal concentrations as biomarkers of exposure in 328 children enrolled in the Spanish INMA-Asturias cohort. Anthropometric measurements (arm, head, and waist circumferences, standing height, and body mass index) and parental sociodemographic variables were collected through face-to-face interviews by trained study staff. Linear regressions were used to estimate the independent effects and were adjusted for each metal in the mixture. We applied Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine non-linear associations and potential interactions. RESULTS In linear regression, urinary levels of cadmium were associated with reduced arm circumference (βadjusted = -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.73, -0.15), waist circumference (βadjusted = -1.29, 95% CI: -2.10, -0.48), and standing height (βadjusted = -1.09, 95% CI: -1.82, -0.35). Lead and cobalt concentrations were associated with reduced standing height (βadjusted = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.20, -0.07) and smaller head circumference (βadjusted = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.09), respectively. However, molybdenum was positively associated with head circumference (βadjusted = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.43). BKMR analyses showed strong linear negative associations of cadmium with arm and head circumference and standing height. BKMR analyses also found lead and cobalt in the metal mixture were related to reduce standing height and head circumference, and consistently found molybdenum was related to increased head circumference. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that exposure to metal mixtures impacts growth indicators in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García-Villarino
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería Street S/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue S/n, 33001, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Department of Public Health. Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de Alicante KM 87, 03550, Sant Joan D'Alacant, Spain
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Isolina Riaño-Galán
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría, Endocrinología Pediátrica, HUCA, Roma Avenue S/n, 33001, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona Street 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Eva Junqué
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona Street 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería Street S/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue S/n, 33001, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Epidemiología Molecular Del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología Del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA) - Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería Street S/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue S/n, 33001, Oviedo, Spain
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Park J, Kim J, Kim E, Kim WJ, Won S. Prenatal lead exposure and cord blood DNA methylation in the Korean Exposome Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110767. [PMID: 33515580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal lead exposure has been reported to affect infant growth and nervous system development, as well as to influence DNA methylation. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study to identify associations between prenatal lead exposure and cord blood DNA methylation in Korean infants. METHODS Cord blood samples were assayed with the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip kits, and maternal blood lead levels during early and late pregnancy, as well as cord blood lead level, were measured. The association between CpG methylation and lead level was analyzed using the limma package, with adjusting for infant sex, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, and estimated leukocyte composition. RESULTS Among 364 blood samples (182 males and 182 females), those for which maternal and cord blood lead concentrations during early and later pregnancy was known were used for analysis. Maternal lead concentration in blood during early pregnancy was significantly associated with the methylation status of specific positions. After data stratification by infant sex, we found that, in males, the level of maternal blood lead was associated with 18 CpG sites during early pregnancy, and with one CpG site near the NBAS gene, during late pregnancy. In female samples, there was no significant association between DNA methylation and lead concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal lead exposure was associated with altered, gender-specific patterns of DNA methylation in Korean infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Esther Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Sungho Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Chae J, Kim HK. Birth cohort effects on maternal and child environmental health: a systematic review. KOREAN JOURNAL OF WOMEN HEALTH NURSING 2021; 27:27-39. [PMID: 36311987 PMCID: PMC9334170 DOI: 10.4069/kjwhn.2021.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Taylor CM, Golding J, Kordas K. Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16338.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal that crosses the placenta freely. It has adverse effects on a range of birth outcomes. The few studies reporting on the associations of prenatal exposure to lead and child growth have had conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the effect of prenatal exposure to lead on children’s growth from 4 to 61 months of age. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples for pregnancies with a live birth were analysed for lead (n=4140). A 10% subsample of the offspring cohort (Children in Focus) were invited to clinics at 10 time points (4–61 months) at which anthropometric measurements were carried out; z-scores for height, weight and BMI were calculated using the 1990 British Growth Reference Standards. Associations between prenatal log10-lead concentrations and z-scores and other anthropometric measures were modelled using adjusted linear regression models in an imputed dataset for children who attended at least one clinic (n=574). Results: The median prenatal blood lead concentration was 3.60 (IQR 2.61–4.16) µg/dl. There was no evidence for any associations of prenatal lead exposure with z-scores for BMI, height or weight in adjusted models from age 4 to 61 months. There were no associations for other anthropometric measures including mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and waist circumference. There was some evidence for a weakly positive effect of prenatal lead exposure on head circumference in girls at age 43 and 61 months (at 61 months unstandardised B coefficient 1.59 (95% CI 0.12, 3.16) cm, p=0.048) but not at other ages. Conclusions: There was no consistent evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to lead and measures of growth and anthropometry from age 4 to 61 months in this cohort of children in the UK.
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da Costa MCV, Kmecick M, Freitas PFD, Ortolani-Machado CF. Lead exposure affects cephalic morphogenesis and neural crest cells in Gallus gallus embryo. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 84:106948. [PMID: 33418068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The morphogenesis of the head of vertebrates is a process that involves rapid growth and dynamic movements of various cell populations, including the neural crest cells (NCC). These pluripotent cells generated during neurulation have high proliferative and migratory capacity but xenobiotic agents can affect these migratory periods and cause congenital malformations. Lead (Pb) is the most common toxic metal in the environment and a potent teratogen that can affect growth and induce malformations. Despite the known toxic effects of Pb, there is a gap in knowledge about the impact of realistic concentrations of Pb at critical periods of early development. Here, we evaluated mortality, embryonic morphology, NCC migration, and the amount of Pb deposition in chicken embryos after 3 to 4 days of exposure. One of the most interesting observations in this study is that only about 34% of the injected Pb was present in the embryos after 4 days. We observed that exposure to Pb, even under low concentrations, increased mortality and the occurrence of malformations during embryonic development, especially in the cephalic region (CR). Although Pb was found widely distributed in the CR, no relation between its presence and the migration routes of cephalic NCC was observed. But the number of NCC and their migratory distance were reduced. These changes are consistent and explain the morphological anomalies described in this study, which also correlates with the morphofunctional abnormalities reported in the literature. Therefore, this study highlights the concern of exposure to low concentrations of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melyssa Kmecick
- Laboratory of Embryotoxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Naranjo VI, Hendricks M, Jones KS. Lead Toxicity in Children: An Unremitting Public Health Problem. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 113:51-55. [PMID: 33011642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a pervasive environmental contaminant. Lead accumulates in the body, impairing a molecular level various cellular processes. Lead exposure during childhood causes adverse and permanent neurodevelopmental consequences, sometimes even with "low" blood lead levels. Symptoms are frequently silent, making lead exposure an often unrecognized and underestimated threat for pervasive neurocognitive disorders. METHODS We identified articles focusing on childhood exposure to lead and neurodevelopment via a search of the electronic database PubMed (National Library of Medicine), including journal articles published from 2007 to 2019. These articles were used to evaluate the effect of environmental lead exposure and analyze whether control efforts over the past decades have altered the prevalence of exposed children. CONCLUSIONS Children are still being exposed to lead despite evidence of the adverse impact of exposure, even for children with blood lead levels below the currently recognized threshold for intervention. Legislative and educational efforts have reduced lead exposure but are not being followed universally. Primary prevention and identification of high-risk populations are the best cost-benefit interventions to fight this public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria I Naranjo
- Resident Physician, Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Michael Hendricks
- Medical graduate, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kimberly S Jones
- Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Taylor CM, Golding J, Kordas K. Prenatal lead exposure: associations with growth and anthropometry in early childhood in a UK observational birth cohort study. Wellcome Open Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16338.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lead is a neurotoxic metal that crosses the placenta freely. It has adverse effects on a range of birth outcomes. The few studies reporting on the associations of prenatal exposure to lead and child growth have had conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the effect of low-level prenatal exposure to lead on children’s growth from 4 to 61 months old. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples for pregnancies with a live birth were analysed for lead (n=4140). A 10% subsample of the offspring cohort (Children in Focus) were invited to clinics at 10 time points (4–61 months) at which anthropometric measurements were carried out; z-scores for height, weight and BMI were calculated using the 1990 British Growth Reference Standards. Associations between prenatal log10-lead concentrations and z-scores and other anthropometric measures were modelled using adjusted linear regression models in an imputed dataset for children who attended at least one clinic (n=574). Results: The mean prenatal blood lead concentration was 3.59±1.50 (range 1.22–14.70) µg/dl. There was no evidence for any associations of low-level prenatal lead exposure with z-scores for BMI, height or weight in adjusted models from age 4 to 61 months. There were no associations for other anthropometric measures including mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and waist circumference. There was some evidence for a weakly positive effect of prenatal lead exposure on head circumference in girls at age 43 and 61 months (at 61 months unstandardised B coefficient 1.59 (95% CI 0.12, 3.16) cm, p=0.048) but not at other ages. Conclusions: There was no consistent evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to lead and measures of growth and anthropometry from age 4 to 61 months in this cohort of children in the UK.
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McElroy KG, Iobst SE, DeVance-Wilson C, Ludeman E, Barr E. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Nutrients on Blood Lead Levels in Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2020; 49:243-253. [PMID: 32259512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize experimental and nonexperimental research on the relationship between nutrients and blood lead levels in pregnant women. We also performed a meta-analysis on a subgroup of studies on calcium and blood lead levels. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched in July 2019. STUDY SELECTION We included articles published in English in any year that reported the results of experimental or observational studies on the effect of nutrients on blood lead levels in pregnancy. DATA EXTRACTION Three nurse reviewers extracted data and appraised the studies using tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. DATA SYNTHESIS AND META-ANALYSIS We included 28 studies from 16 countries. Study authors examined 14 distinct nutrients, with calcium being the most frequent. The metaregression included nine analyses of the effect of calcium on blood lead levels and showed a small but significant inverse relationship. The quality of evidence for the effect of calcium on lead levels was high. Eleven analyses were related to the effect of iron on blood lead levels. The quality of evidence was high, and we found mostly negative associations between iron intake and blood lead levels. The quality of evidence for the remaining nutrients was moderate, with few significant findings. CONCLUSION Targeted nutritional interventions may be beneficial for pregnant women with current lead exposure or a history of elevated lead levels, particularly those with calcium- or iron-deficient diets. More rigorously designed studies are needed in this area.
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Shah S, Jeong KS, Park H, Hong YC, Kim Y, Kim B, Chang N, Kim S, Kim Y, Kim BN, Kwon H, Bae S, Kim HC, Leem JH, Park EK, Joo H, Park B, Ha M, Ha E. Environmental pollutants affecting children's growth and development: Collective results from the MOCEH study, a multi-centric prospective birth cohort in Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105547. [PMID: 32088541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study (MOCEH) is a multi-centric prospective birth cohort study investigating effects of various environmental pollutants like heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, air pollutants, nutrition and lifestyle on birth outcomes, growth and development, health and disease of children. In this study, we report all the outcomes from the MOCEH study describing the different environmental pollutants affecting children's health and disease. METHODS In MOCEH study, 1,751 pregnant women in their first trimester were recruited at 3 centers from 2006 to 2010 in South Korea. The children were followed from birth up to 6 years. Information on health outcomes of children including birth parameters, demographic characteristics, medical and child-rearing history, and nutritional status, were repeatedly obtained through the follow-ups by questionnaires administration, clinical evaluation, and biological specimen collection and measurements. Prenatal and postnatal measurement in biospecimen, i.e., lead, mercury, cadmium, manganese, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-naphthol, malonadialdehyde, hippuric acid, bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites, and measurement in air samples, i.e., particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and total volatile organic compounds were performed. RESULTS The results show the adverse effect of prenatal exposure to heavy metals like mercury, lead and cadmium on children's physical, cognitive and neurobehavioral development. Exposure to endocrine disruptors, air pollution, second hand smoke, and mother's lifestyle during pregnancy affects children's growth and development. We also identified specific window periods of exposure of pollutants significantly related to children's health outcomes. CONCLUSION The collective results from MOCEH study provide strong scientific evidence that exposures to prenatal and postnatal environmental pollutants have a negative effect on growth and development of children, which will be useful in implementing effective national policy to improve children's environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsoo Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suejin Kim
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University International Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong GH, Kim HK. Pro-environmental health behaviour and educational needs among pregnant women: A cross-sectional survey. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1638-1646. [PMID: 32147877 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate pro-environmental health perceptions, behaviour and educational needs among pregnant women in Korea. BACKGROUND Based on concerns about the effects of environmental hazards and pollution on their babies and themselves, pregnant women behave in ways that protect their health. The framework of this study was based on Rogers' protection motivation theory. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey using questionnaires. METHOD The sample comprised 358 pregnant women recruited from July - August 2018 in South Korea. Participants were recruited from prenatal classes at two healthcare centres and patients receiving prenatal check-ups at two women's hospitals. RESULTS Perceived educational needs were ranked in the following order: particulate matter (23.7%), electromagnetic waves (11.7%), instant food (food additives) (9.0%) and environmental hormones (8.3%). Age (β = 0.17, p = .001), perceived severity (β = 0.19, p = .001) and response efficacy (β = 0.28, p < .001) affected pro-environmental behaviour, which explained 23.0% of the variance. CONCLUSION Educational programs are necessary for mitigating environmental risks during pregnancy. Pregnant women engage in pro-environmental behaviour influenced by pro-environmental perceptions, especially perceptions of severity regarding environmental diseases and the efficacy of health behavioural responses. Nursing professionals can use these results to promote pro-environmental health in pregnant women. IMPACT This study demonstrated that pregnant women need environmental health programs in prenatal education. Pro-environmental perceptions regarding the severity of the environmental diseases and behavioural efficacy preceded the formation of environmental health behaviours. Nurses should support pregnant women's environmental health through educational interventions including air, electromagnetic, food pollution and endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum Hee Jeong
- School of Nursing and Research Institute in Nursing Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
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Bocca B, Ruggieri F, Pino A, Rovira J, Calamandrei G, Mirabella F, Martínez MÁ, Domingo JL, Alimonti A, Schuhmacher M. Human biomonitoring to evaluate exposure to toxic and essential trace elements during pregnancy. Part B: Predictors of exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109108. [PMID: 32069754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to toxic and essential trace elements represents a surrogate of exposure to the unborn child. Variables of exposure as sociodemographic, lifestyles and diet may contribute to different exposure of pregnant women to specific trace elements. Blood, urine and cord blood samples of 53 pregnant women of the HEALS-EXHES cohort, recruited in Reus (Catalonia, Spain) between 2016 and 2017, were analysed for the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn. Univariate and multivariate models were built in order to assess associations between element concentrations in each matrix, and variables obtained by questionnaires on mothers' characteristics and dietary habits. Results showed several significant associations between various variables and essential trace and toxic elements. Age was associated with higher levels of Cd and Pb in cord blood samples. Multiparous women showed lower levels of Cd in maternal blood and Pb in both maternal and cord blood than nulliparous women. Hispanic mothers presented higher levels of blood As and lower levels of blood Se compared to mothers of different ethnicity. Higher education level was associated with higher As and Hg concentrations in both maternal and cord blood samples. Higher annual income diminished the level of Pb in maternal blood. Smoking in pregnancy incremented the levels of Cd in mothers' blood. Alcohol consumption may affect the absorption of Cu, Mn and Zn. Supplementations with multivitamins, folic acid and iron showed effects on elements as Cr, Mn, Se and Zn. Regarding food group intake, bluefish incremented Pb levels, while canned fish and seafood affected levels of some elements as As, Hg, Cu and Se. Other elements such as Mn and Pb were influenced by the intake of different kinds of foods. The present results showed that some modifiable lifestyles and food intakes could be the target of interventions to help pregnant women to maintain suitable concentrations of essential elements and lower levels of toxic ones, and to improve consequently neonatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Pino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Flannery BM, Dolan LC, Hoffman-Pennesi D, Gavelek A, Jones OE, Kanwal R, Wolpert B, Gensheimer K, Dennis S, Fitzpatrick S. U.S. Food and Drug Administration's interim reference levels for dietary lead exposure in children and women of childbearing age. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 110:104516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tsai MS, Chen MH, Lin CC, Liu CY, Chen PC. Children's environmental health based on birth cohort studies of Asia (2) - air pollution, pesticides, and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108754. [PMID: 31563033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The life style and child raising environment in Asia are quite different compared with Western countries. Besides, the children's environmental threats and difficulties in conducting studies could be different. To address children's environmental health in Asia area, the Birth Cohort Consortium of Asia (BiCCA) was co-established in 2011. We reviewed the mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl substances, phthalates, and environmental tobacco smoke in pervious based on birth cohort studies in Asia. The aim of this study was to summarize the traditional environmental pollution and the target subjects were also based on the birth cohort in Asia area. Environmental pollutants included air pollutants, pesticides focusing on organochlorine pesticides, diakylphosphates, and pyrethroid, and heavy metals including lead, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, vanadium, and thallium. Fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes, childhood growth and obesity, neurodevelopment and behavioral problems, and allergic disease and immune function were classified to elucidate the children's health effects. In total, 106 studies were selected in this study. The evidences showed air pollution or pesticides may affect growth during infancy or childhood, and associated with neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems. Prenatal exposure to lead or manganese was associated with neurodevelopmental or behavioral problems, while exposure to arsenic or cadmium may influence fetal growth. In addition to the harmonization and international collaboration of birth cohorts in Asia; however, understand the whole picture of exposure scenario and consider more discipline in the research are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Office of Occupational Safety and Health, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University, College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Early lead exposure and childhood adiposity in Mexico city. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:965-970. [PMID: 31257186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and early childhood lead exposures have been associated with reduced weight in infants and young children, while studies that have examined such associations in children during peripubescence are rare. OBJECTIVES We investigated the associations of prenatal and early-life exposure to lead with indices of adiposity in peripubertal children living in Mexico City. METHODS Maternal bone lead (as a proxy for cumulative fetal exposure) was assessed at 1 month postpartum. Blood samples were obtained from children annually from 1 to 4 years. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between each lead biomarker and BMI z-score, waist circumference, sum of skinfolds and body fat percentage in 248 children aged 8-16 years. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, maternal patella lead was associated with lower child BMI z-score (β = -0.02, 95% CI: 0.03, -0.01, p = 0.004), waist circumference (β = -0.12 cm, 95% CI: 0.22, -0.03, p = 0.01), sum of skinfolds (β = -0.29 mm, 95% CI: 0.50, -0.08, p = 0.007) and body fat percentage (β = -0.09%, 95% CI: 0.17, -0.01, p = 0.03). No significant associations were detected from the postnatal exposure period. CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant and inverse association of prenatal lead exposure with body composition in Mexican children, suggesting the potential role of early lead exposure in the fetal programming of child growth. Further research on the biological mechanisms underlying these associations is needed.
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Kerr BT, Ochs-Balcom HM, López P, García-Vargas GG, Rosado JL, Cebrián ME, Kordas K. Effects of ALAD genotype on the relationship between lead exposure and anthropometry in a Cohort of Mexican children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:65-72. [PMID: 30557693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead exposure is associated with children's growth, but this relationship may depend on the presence of susceptibility factors, including genetic variation. Blood lead levels (BLL) differ by ALAD (aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) genotype. We investigated the association between BLL and growth in Mexican first-graders with different ALAD genotypes. METHODS Children between the ages of 6-8 years (n = 602) attending first grade in schools within the vicinity of a metal foundry in Torreón, Mexico were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the efficacy of iron and/or zinc supplementation on blood lead levels (BLL) and cognition. BLL and anthropometry were assessed at baseline (height, height-for-age z-score (HAZ), knee height, head circumference), after 6 (head circumference) and 12 months (height, HAZ, knee height). Children with ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2/2-2 were compared. The study sample included 538 and 470 participants who had complete data at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Separate multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates were used to test the association between BLL at baseline and each anthropometric measure. Covariates included age, sex, hemoglobin, crowding, and maternal education. BLL x ALAD genotype interaction term was tested. RESULTS Median BLL (10.1 μg/dL) did not differ by ALAD genotype. After covariate adjustment, baseline BLL was inversely associated with baseline height, HAZ, and knee height. The association (β [95% CI]) between BLL and baseline height (-0.38[-0.68, -0.09]), HAZ (-0.07[-0.12, -0.02]) and knee height (-0.14[-0.25, -0.02]), was somewhat stronger in children with ALAD1-2/2-2 than ALAD1-1 (-0.09[-0.16, -0.02], -0.02[-0.03, -0.004] and -0.04[-0.06, -0.01], respectively). No associations between BLL and growth at 6 or 12 months were detected irrespective of ALAD genotype. CONCLUSIONS BLL was adversely associated with anthropometric measures among Mexican children. ALAD genotype may be a susceptibility factor for the effects of lead on child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Kerr
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Patricia López
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge L Rosado
- Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Enhanced remedial effects for vitamin D3 and calcium co-supplementation against pre-existing lead nephrotoxicity in mice: The roles of renal calcium homeostatic molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:512-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Qi J, Lai Y, Liang C, Yan S, Huang K, Pan W, Feng L, Jiang L, Zhu P, Hao J, Tong S, Tao F. Prenatal thallium exposure and poor growth in early childhood: A prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:224-230. [PMID: 30537637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thallium (Tl) exposure remains a public health problem with potential impacts on humans. Studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to thallium may be associated with fetal growth, but no studies are known have explored its association with early childhood anthropometry. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of prenatal Tl exposures on early child growth and development aged 0-2 years in a prospective birth cohort study. METHODS 3080 pregnant women and their children participated in the study, which were recruited from a birth cohort in China. Serum samples collected in the first and second trimester of pregnant subjects and umbilical cord blood of infants were analyzed for Tl exposure assessment. Infant length or standing height and weight were obtained from medical records and 2 years planned visits. We used length/height and weight to calculate z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), and body mass index-for-age (zBMI) based on World Health Organization standards. Linear mixed model was used to investigate the association between serum concentrations of Tl and the children's anthropometric characteristics (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, and zBMI), and stratification analysis by sex was also examined. RESULTS The median (P25-P75) of Tl levels in the first trimester, second trimester and umbilical cord serum were 61.7 (50.7-77.0), 60.1 (50.9-74.8) and 38.4 (33.6-43.9) ng/L, respectively. Paired Mann-Whitney tests found Tl concentrations in umbilical cord serum were significantly less than that in maternal serum during the first and second trimesters (all p < 0.01). Using adjusted linear mixed model, no significant relationships were observed between maternal Tl exposure and child growth parameters. However, the umbilical cord serum Tl levels may contributed to decreased WAZ (β = -0.382, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.670, -0.095) and HAZ (β = -0.427, 95% CI: -0.702, -0.152). When stratified by sex, the umbilical cord serum Tl levels were negatively related to WAZ (β = -0.450, 95% CI: -0.853, -0.048) and HAZ (β = -0.775, 95% CI: -1.160, -0.391) for girls. Among boys, overall Tl exposures were not significantly associated with early children anthropometric outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, our results suggested that prenatal Tl exposures may have a sex specific effect on child anthropometric measurements in the first 2 years of life. Umbilical cord serum Tl levels tended to be reduced child's stature and weight in young girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Lai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Perng W, Baek J, Zhou CW, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Song PX, Peterson KE. Associations of the infancy body mass index peak with anthropometry and cardiometabolic risk in Mexican adolescents. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:386-394. [PMID: 30328713 PMCID: PMC6377326 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1506048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life growth dynamics are associated with future health. Little is known regarding timing and magnitude of the infancy body mass index (BMI) peak with adiposity and metabolic biomarkers during adolescence. AIM To examine associations of the infancy BMI peak with anthropometry and cardiometabolic risk during peripuberty. METHODS Among 163 ELEMENT participants, this study estimated age and magnitude of the infancy BMI peak from eight anthropometric measurements from birth-36 months using Newton's Growth Models, an acceleration-based process model. Associations were examined of the infancy milestones with anthropometry and cardiometabolic risk at 8-14 years using linear regression models that accounted for maternal calcium supplementation and age; child's birthweight, sex, and age; and the other infancy milestone. RESULTS Median age at the infancy BMI peak was 9.6 months, and median peak BMI was 16.5 kg/m2. Later age and larger magnitude of the peak predicted higher BMI z-score, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses; i.e. each 1 month of age at peak and each 1 kg/m2 of peak BMI corresponded with 0.04 (0.01-0.07) and 0.33 (0.17-0.48) units of higher BMI z-score, respectively. Later age at peak was also a determinant of worse glycaemia and higher blood pressure. CONCLUSION Later age and larger magnitude of the infancy BMI peak are associated with higher adiposity at 8-14 years of age. Later age but not magnitude of the BMI peak are related to a worse cardiometabolic profile during peripuberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonggyu Baek
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina W. Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, MX
- CONACYT, National Institute of Public Health, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, MX
| | | | - Peter X.K. Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lamichhane DK, Leem JH, Park CS, Ha M, Ha EH, Kim HC, Lee JY, Ko JK, Kim Y, Hong YC. Associations between prenatal lead exposure and birth outcomes: Modification by sex and GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:176-184. [PMID: 29145054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lead exposure is associated with poor birth outcomes. However, modifying effects of polymorphism in glutathione S-transferases (GST) gene and infant sex remain unexplored. Our aim was to evaluate whether associations between prenatal lead and birth outcomes differed by maternal GST genes and infant sex. Prospective data of 782 mother-child pairs from Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study were used. The genotyping of GST-mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta-1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms was carried out using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine whether the association between blood lead (BPb) level and birth outcomes (birthweight, length, and head circumference) varied by maternal GST genes and sex. We did not find a statistically significant association between prenatal BPb levels and birth outcomes; in stratified analyses, the association between higher BPb level during early pregnancy and lower birthweight (β=-224 per square root increase in BPb; 95% confidence interval (CI): -426, -21; false discovery rate p=0.036) was significant in males of mothers with GSTM1 null. Results were similar for head circumference model (β=-0.78 per square root increase in BPb; 95% CI: -1.69, 0.14, p=0.095), but the level of significance was borderline. Head circumference model showed a significant three-way interaction among BPb during early pregnancy, GSTM1, and sex (p=0.046). For combined analysis with GSTM1 and GSTT1, GSTM1 null and GSTT1 present group showed a significant inverse association of BPb with birthweight and head circumference in males. Our findings of the most evident effects of BPb on the reduced birthweight and head circumference in male born to the mother with GSTM1 null may suggest a biological interaction among lead, GST genes and sex in detoxification process during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirga Kumar Lamichhane
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Han Leem
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Shin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Ko
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Schwalfenberg G, Rodushkin I, Genuis SJ. Heavy metal contamination of prenatal vitamins. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:390-395. [PMID: 29854609 PMCID: PMC5978005 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic elements are found in prenatal vitamins with lead at unacceptable levels in more than half of the products tested. Arsenic is also found in some products at unsafe levels. Thallium is present at levels in some products that are not acceptable. Some products have very low level, which are safer, and recommendations are made to have industry (self regulatory) and government oversight to have the least contamination of prenatal vitamins.
Prenatal vitamins are often consumed daily during gestation and postnatally for up to 18–24 months with the belief that supplementation achieves better outcomes. Detrimental effects of gestational exposure to adverse chemical agents are gathering increasing attention. This study was designed to assess toxic element contamination in prenatal supplements. Twenty-six commonly used prenatal vitamin brands including one prescription brand were collected from Canadian health-food outlets and pharmacies, and tested for toxic element contamination. Results were compared to established endpoints. All samples contained Lead with average amounts being (0.535 μgm), 20/51 samples exceeded established standards for lead toxicity (0.50 μgm/day), with one sample yielding 4. μgm/day. Three samples registered inorganic arsenic levels above acceptable limits. Cadmium levels did not exceed current standards. Toxic elements such as Aluminum, Nickel, Titanium and Thallium were detected in all samples. Cumulative intake of prenatal supplement over many months may constitute a significant source of toxic element exposure to the mother and offspring. With several samples exceeding known standards for gestational toxic element exposure, guidelines for routine monitoring and reporting are required. In keeping with recommendations from the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology, industry regulation would be welcomed to protect expectant mothers and their vulnerable offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Scandinavia Division of A.L.S. Laboratory Group, Sweden.,Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Genuis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Canada
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Zhou C, Zhang R, Cai X, Xiao R, Yu H. Trace elements profiles of maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placenta in Beijing, China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:1755-1761. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1416602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Cai
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mitra P, Sharma S, Purohit P, Sharma P. Clinical and molecular aspects of lead toxicity: An update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:506-528. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1408562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Burns JS, Williams PL, Lee MM, Revich B, Sergeyev O, Hauser R, Korrick SA. Peripubertal blood lead levels and growth among Russian boys. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:53-59. [PMID: 28599171 PMCID: PMC5561550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood blood lead levels (BLL) have been associated with growth impairment. OBJECTIVES We assessed associations of peripubertal BLL with adolescent growth and near adult height in a longitudinal cohort of Russian boys. METHODS 481 boys were enrolled at ages 8-9years and followed annually to age 18. At enrollment, BLL was measured, and height, weight, and pubertal staging were obtained annually during 10years of follow-up. Mixed effects models were used to assess the associations of BLL with longitudinal age-adjusted World Health OrganizationZ-scores for height (HT-Z) and body mass index (BMI-Z), and annual height velocity (HV). Interactions between boys' age and BLL on growth outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The median (range) BLL was 3.0 (0.5-31.0) μg/dL. At age 18years, 79% of boys had achieved near adult height (HV <1.0cm/year), and means (SD) for HT-Z and BMI-Z were 0.15 (0.92) and -0.32 (1.24). Over 10years of follow-up, after covariate adjustment, boys with higher (≥5μg/dL) BLL compared with lower BLL were shorter (adjusted mean difference in HT-Z=-0.43, 95% CI -0.60, -0.25, p-value <0.001), translating to a 2.5cm lower height at age 18years. The decrement in height for boys with higher BLL was most pronounced at 12 to 15years of age (interaction p=0.03). Boys with higher BLL were leaner (adjusted mean difference in BMI-Z=-0.22, 95% CI: -0.45, 0.01, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Higher peripubertal BLLs were associated with shorter height through age 18years, suggesting a persistent effect of lead on linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Boris Revich
- Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovsky Prosp, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina Str. 3, Moscow 119333, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, Meditsinskaya Str., 3a, Chapaevsk, Samara Region 446100, Russia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kim JH, Park Y, Kim SK, Moon HB, Park J, Choi K, Kim S. Timing of an accelerated body mass increase in children exposed to lead in early life: A longitudinal study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:72-77. [PMID: 28135615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure to lead is known to cause various adverse health outcomes and early life obesity can affect permanent metabolic alterations leading to adverse health outcomes. To examine the relation between perinatal lead exposure and childhood obesity, lead level in cord bloods and growth- and obesity-related markers at birth were measured from 280 mother-child pairs. The weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) of children were measured at birth and followed up several times up to 27months of age. The relations between lead level and growth- and obesity-related markers were evaluated using a generalized linear model after adjustment for maternal age, maternal BMI, gestational period, cesarean section, and smoking status. The changes of child weight, height, and BMI z-scores at followed-up months of age after birth by lead exposure were evaluated using a generalized linear model after adjustment for covariates used in the analyses for growth- and obesity-related markers and child's gender. The lead level was positively associated with an increase of birth height (p=0.019) and a decrease of ponderal index at birth (p=0.027) in boys, but not in girls. Moreover, the lead level was positively associated with increases of BMI z-score after 18months of age (p=0.070 at 18months of age; p=0.003 at 24months of age; and p=0.002 at 27months of age). Perinatal lead exposure affected accelerated body mass increases at specific times of the children' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Koo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choi J, Chang JY, Hong J, Shin S, Park JS, Oh S. Low-Level Toxic Metal Exposure in Healthy Weaning-Age Infants: Association with Growth, Dietary Intake, and Iron Deficiency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E388. [PMID: 28383506 PMCID: PMC5409589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Even low levels of toxic metal exposure (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in infancy might be harmful to children's development. This study investigated toxic metal exposure on healthy weaning-age infants and its relationship with growth, diet, and iron/anemia status. The weight, height, head circumference, whole blood levels of four toxic metals, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin of healthy infants was measured. Among 210 infants with a median age of 11.4 months (interquartile range: 10.5-12.0), the median levels of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 1.2 μg/L, 0.05 μg/L, 0.8 μg/L, and 0.83 μg/dL, respectively. In adjusted linear regression models, post-birth weight gain (Pb) and current head circumference (As, Pb) were negatively associated with toxic metal levels. In multiple linear regression or logistic regression analysis, the duration of breastfeeding (all four metals), perceived adequacy of rice-based food intake (As), regular fish intake (As, Hg), and iron deficiency with/without anemia (Cd, Pb) were associated with increased toxic metal levels. Although levels of toxic metals may not usually be high in this population, individual exposure risk may need to be assessed after considering the type of feeding or intake of complementary foods and the iron/anemia status while evaluating growth status during late infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungil Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Ju Young Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Jeana Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea.
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Jeong Su Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Medical Statistics, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
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Craft-Blacksheare MG. Lessons Learned From the Crisis in Flint, Michigan Regarding the Effects of Contaminated Water on Maternal and Child Health. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2017; 46:258-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Renzetti S, Just AC, Burris HH, Oken E, Amarasiriwardena C, Svensson K, Mercado-García A, Cantoral A, Schnaas L, Baccarelli AA, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM. The association of lead exposure during pregnancy and childhood anthropometry in the Mexican PROGRESS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:226-232. [PMID: 27810680 PMCID: PMC5135667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure during pregnancy remains a public health problem with potential lifelong impacts on children's growth and development. Mexico is unique in that stunting and obesity are both major public health concerns in children. This situation might be exacerbated by lead exposure which remains more common in Mexico than in the United States due in part to the use of lead glazed pottery in food preparation and storage. Our objective is to determine how lead exposure during pregnancy is associated with children's growth parameters, including height, weight, body mass index and percentage body fat measured between ages 4-6 years old in a Mexico City pregnancy cohort. Blood lead was collected in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy as well as at delivery. Bone lead was assessed in mothers as a long term exposure biomarker. We performed multivariable linear regression analyses to assess the association between each of these lead exposure biomarkers and child anthropometry. We found a significant negative association between maternal 3rd trimester blood lead concentration and offspring height for age (β-0.10; 95% CI -0.19, -0.01), and a negative association between maternal 3rd trimester blood lead concentration and weight for age (β-0.11; 95% CI -0.22,-0.003). Our results in this Mexican population add to previous findings of an association of lead and decreased stature and weight in early childhood. Ongoing follow-up and longitudinal analyses may help elucidate how this impacts growth trajectory and other children's health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Heather H Burris
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Arbuckle TE, Liang CL, Morisset AS, Fisher M, Weiler H, Cirtiu CM, Legrand M, Davis K, Ettinger AS, Fraser WD. Maternal and fetal exposure to cadmium, lead, manganese and mercury: The MIREC study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:270-282. [PMID: 27540762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the susceptibility of the fetus to toxicants, it is important to estimate their exposure. Approximately 2000 pregnant women were recruited in 2008-2011 from 10 cities across Canada. Cd, Pb, Mn and total Hg were measured in maternal blood from the 1st and 3rd trimesters, umbilical cord blood, and infant meconium. Nutrient intakes of vitamin D, iron, and calcium (Ca) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and a dietary supplement questionnaire. Median concentrations in 1st trimester maternal blood (n = 1938) were 0.20, 8.79 and 0.70 μg/L for Cd, Mn and Hg, respectively, and 0.60 μg/dL for Pb. While the median difference between the paired 1st and 3rd trimester concentrations of Cd was 0, there was a significant decrease in Pb (0.04 μg/dL) and Hg (0.12 μg/L) and an increase in Mn (3.30 μg/L) concentrations over the course of the pregnancy. While Cd was rarely detected in cord blood (19%) or meconium (3%), median Pb (0.77 μg/dL), Mn (31.87 μg/L) and Hg (0.80 μg/L) concentrations in cord blood were significantly higher than in maternal blood. Significant negative associations were observed between estimated Ca intake and maternal Cd, Pb, Mn and Hg, as well as cord blood Pb. Vitamin D intake was associated with lower maternal Cd, Pb, and Mn as well as Pb in cord blood. Even at current metal exposure levels, increasing dietary Ca and vitamin D intake during pregnancy may be associated with lower maternal blood Pb and Cd concentrations and lower Pb in cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Morisset
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hope Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu
- Centre de toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Legrand
- Chemicals Surveillance Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karelyn Davis
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne S Ettinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William D Fraser
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Sainte Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wang A, Padula A, Sirota M, Woodruff TJ. Environmental influences on reproductive health: the importance of chemical exposures. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:905-29. [PMID: 27513554 PMCID: PMC5158104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical exposures during pregnancy can have a profound and life-long impact on human health. Because of the omnipresence of chemicals in our daily life, there is continuous contact with chemicals in food, water, air, and consumer products. Consequently, human biomonitoring studies show that pregnant women around the globe are exposed to a variety of chemicals. In this review we provide a summary of current data on maternal and fetal exposure, as well as health consequences from these exposures. We review several chemical classes, including polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and metals. Additionally, we discuss environmental disparities and vulnerable populations, and future research directions. We conclude by providing some recommendations for prevention of chemical exposure and its adverse reproductive health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amy Padula
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marina Sirota
- Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Kim JH, Lee SJ, Kim SY, Choi G, Lee JJ, Kim HJ, Kim S, Park J, Moon HB, Choi K, Kim S, Choi SR. Association of food consumption during pregnancy with mercury and lead levels in cord blood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 563-564:118-124. [PMID: 27135573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure to mercury and lead has been linked to various adverse health effects related to growth and development. However, there was no evidence on the relationship between food consumption during pregnancy and mercury or lead level in cord blood. Therefore we measured mercury and lead levels in bloods, urines, and cord bloods obtained from 302 pregnant women and estimated relationships between food consumption during pregnancy and mercury or lead level in cord blood to identify perinatal mercury and lead exposures originated from foods during pregnancy. Relationship between food consumption and mercury or lead level was estimated using a generalized linear model after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), delivery experience, income, recruitment year, and other dietary factors for mercury and age, BMI, cesarean section, delivery experience, recruitment year, and other dietary factors for lead. Fish consumption was positively associated with mercury level in cord blood (p=0.0135), while cereal and vegetable consumptions were positively associated with lead level in cord blood (p=0.0517 for cereal and p=0.0504 for vegetable). Furthermore, tea consumption restrained increase of lead level in cord blood (p=0.0014). Our findings support that mercury or lead exposure in Korean pregnant women may come from frequent fish and cereal or vegetable consumption while tea consumption may decrease lead exposure in pregnant women. Therefore, careful intervention through food consumption should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Environmental pollutants and child health-A review of recent concerns. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:331-42. [PMID: 27216159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many new studies have evaluated associations between environmental pollutants and child health. This review aims to provide a broad summary of this literature, comparing the state of epidemiological evidence for the effects of a wide range of environmental contaminants (air pollutants, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, perfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pesticides, phthalates and bisphenol A) on child health outcomes. The review addresses effects on foetal growth and prematurity, neurodevelopment, respiratory and immune health, and childhood growth and obesity. Findings of recent prospective studies and meta-analyses have corroborated previous good evidence, often at lower exposure levels, for effects on foetal growth of air pollution and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), for neurotoxic effects of lead, methylmercury, PCBs and organophosphate pesticides, and for respiratory health effects of air pollution. Moderate evidence has emerged for a potential role of environmental pollutants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism (lead, PCBs, air pollution), respiratory and immune health (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene - DDE - and PCBs), and obesity (DDE). In addition, there is now moderate evidence that certain chemicals of relatively recent concern may be associated with adverse child health outcomes, specifically perfluorooctanoate and foetal growth, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers and neurodevelopment. For other chemicals of recent concern, such as phthalates and bisphenol A, the literature is characterised by large inconsistencies preventing strong conclusions. In conclusion, since most of the recent literature evaluates common exposures in the general population, and not particularly high exposure situations, this accumulating body of evidence suggests that the unborn and young child require more protection than is currently provided. Large, coordinated research efforts are needed to improve understanding of long-term effects of complex chemical mixtures.
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Havstad S, Basu N, Ownby DR, Park SK, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Wegienka G. Detectable Blood Lead Level and Body Size in Early Childhood. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:41-7. [PMID: 26358768 PMCID: PMC4788572 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rates of childhood obesity have risen at the same time rates of high blood lead levels (BLLs) have fallen. Recent studies suggest that higher BLL is inversely associated with body size in older children (ages 3-19 years). No contemporaneous studies have examined if having a detectable BLL is associated with body size in very early childhood. We examined if detectable BLL is associated with body size in early childhood. A total of 299 birth cohort participants completed a study visit at ages 2-3 years with weight and height measurements; prior to this clinic visit, a BLL was drawn as part of routine clinical care. Body mass index (BMI) percentile and Z-score were calculated; children with BMI ≥85th percentile were considered overweight/obese at age of 2 years. Detectable BLL was defined as BLL ≥1 μg/dL. A total of 131 (43.8 %) children had a detectable BLL measured at mean aged 15.4 ± 5.5 months. Mean age at body size assessment was 2.2 ± 0.3 years (53.2 % male, 68.6 % African-American). After adjusting for race, sex, and birth weight, children with a detectable BLL had a 43 % lower risk of BMI ≥85th percentile (P = 0.041) and a 0.35-unit lower BMI Z-score (P = 0.008) compared to children without a detectable BLL. Neither race nor sex modified this association (all interactions P > 0.21). Consistent with recent studies in older children, having a detectable BLL was associated with smaller body size at ages 2-3 years. Additional research on the mechanism of this association is needed but may include mechanisms of appetite suppression via lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Ownby
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Shah-Kulkarni S, Ha M, Kim BM, Kim E, Hong YC, Park H, Kim Y, Kim BN, Chang N, Oh SY, Kim YJ, Lee B, Ha EH. Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood Affected by Prenatal Lead Exposure and Iron Intake. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2508. [PMID: 26825887 PMCID: PMC5291557 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
No safe threshold level of lead exposure in children has been recognized. Also, the information on shielding effect of maternal dietary iron intake during pregnancy on the adverse effects of prenatal lead exposure on children's postnatal neurocognitive development is very limited. We examined the association of prenatal lead exposure and neurodevelopment in children at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months and the protective action of maternal dietary iron intake against the impact of lead exposure. The study participants comprise 965 pregnant women and their subsequent offspring of the total participants enrolled in the Mothers and Children's environmental health study: a prospective birth cohort study. Generalized linear model and linear mixed model analysis were performed to analyze the effect of prenatal lead exposure and mother's dietary iron intake on children's cognitive development at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Maternal late pregnancy lead was marginally associated with deficits in mental development index (MDI) of children at 6 months. Mothers having less than 75th percentile of dietary iron intake during pregnancy showed significant increase in the harmful effect of late pregnancy lead exposure on MDI at 6 months. Linear mixed model analyses showed the significant detrimental effect of prenatal lead exposure in late pregnancy on cognitive development up to 36 months in children of mothers having less dietary iron intake during pregnancy. Thus, our findings imply importance to reduce prenatal lead exposure and have adequate iron intake for better neurodevelopment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah-Kulkarni
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul (SS-K, B-MK, EK, HP, E-HH); Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan (MH); Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul (Y-CH); Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan (YK); Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University (B-NK); Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University (NC); Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University (S-YO); Department of Obstetrics Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul (YJK); and Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea (BL)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to unhealthy and unsafe environments cause 1 in 4 deaths in childhood each year. Early exposure to lead beginning prenatally and continuing throughout childhood is one of the mechanisms associated with unhealthy and unsafe environments, particularly in industrial countries and urban communities. Lead is a known heavy metal that crosses the placenta and blood-brain barrier depositing in fetal tissues. PURPOSE The purpose of this integrative review was to determine which maternal-fetal dyads were at high risk for elevated umbilical cord lead (Pb) levels and to examine the consequences associated with elevated umbilical cord Pb levels. SEARCH STRATEGY PubMed was searched to obtain English language publications from 2005 to March 2015 for studies examining the effects of prenatal lead exposure on infant outcomes using key terms "lead" combined with "infant." A total of 17 articles were retained for analysis. FINDINGS Infants with elevated umbilical cord blood lead levels were associated with maternal demographic factors and country of origin. Maternal-specific exposure to lead products prior to or during pregnancy was associated with elevated umbilical cord blood lead levels. The consequences of prenatal lead exposure to the infant at birth anthropometrically were mixed. The evidence on neurological consequences of prenatal exposure to lead appears to reflect changes in cognitive impairment; however, it needs further study. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The major recommendation is primary prevention of lead exposure across the life span. Implementation of policies that reduce the availability of leaded products to reduce leaded products, especially ones aimed at children and women of childbearing age. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Research needs to be focused in 2 directions: (1) prevention of lead exposure during pregnancy and (2) prevention of lead leaching from bones for all women of childbearing age.
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