1
|
Atwal S, Browne D. Screen Time and Mental Health in Canadian Youth: An Examination of Nationally Representative Data. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1678-1704. [PMID: 36409547 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
As screens have become ubiquitous in modern-day society, investigating the effects of high screen time on mental health is highly warranted. In the past decade, many studies have determined that higher levels of screen time engagement are associated with adverse mental health outcomes like anxiety and depression. However, the nature of the relationship between screen time and mental health requires further investigation to gain a better understanding of its mechanisms and properties. The purpose of this study is to utilize a nationally representative data set to (1) examine how factors like sex, age, and socioeconomic status moderate the relationship between screen time and mental health in Canadian youth and (2) determine whether this relationship supports the Goldilocks hypothesis or an exposure-response curve. It was hypothesized that (1) young, female, lower socioeconomic status individuals will be more strongly associated with poor mental health, and that (2) mental health will peak at low screen time usage, therefore, supporting an exposure-response curve. A series of moderation analyses concluded that young, male, lower socioeconomic status individuals strongly moderated the relationship between screen time and poor mental health compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, three out of the four mental health (presence of mood disorder, presence of anxiety disorder, and depression severity) measures peaked at an average of 12 hours and 19 minutes of screen time per week, hence, supporting the exposure-response curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simrat Atwal
- University of Waterloo Department of Psychology, Waterloo, ON, CA
| | - Dillon Browne
- University of Waterloo Department of Psychology, Waterloo, ON, CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clifford LM, Flynn EM, Brothers SL, Guilfoyle S, Modi AC. Screening and treatment of anxiety symptoms within an interdisciplinary comprehensive epilepsy center. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 156:109828. [PMID: 38761447 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Youth with epilepsy (YWE) are at elevated risk for anxiety, yet anxiety is often undetected and understudied in this population. Most research on anxiety in YWE is based on parent proxy-report and broad-band measures with limited sensitivity. The aim of the current study was to: 1) examine rates of anxiety symptoms in YWE using a diagnosis-specific, self-report measure of anxiety symptoms, 2) assess differences in anxiety symptoms by sociodemographic and medical variables, and 3) evaluate changes in anxiety symptoms following a brief behavioral health intervention delivered within an interdisciplinary epilepsy clinic visit. As part of routine clinical care, 317 YWE [Mage=13.4+2.5 years (range 7-19 years); 54% female; 84% White: Non-Hispanic] completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, self-report (MASC-10), with a subset completing the MASC-10 at a second timepoint (n=139). A retrospective chart review was completed and sociodemographic, medical variables and behavioral health interventions were collected. Thirty percent of YWE endorsed elevated anxiety symptoms, with higher rates in those who were younger. YWE who received a behavioral health intervention for anxiety (n=21) demonstrated greater decreases in anxiety symptoms from Time 1 to Time 2 compared to those who did not receive a behavioral intervention (n=108). The integration of psychologists into pediatric epilepsy clinics may have allowed for early identification of anxiety symptoms, as well behavioral interventions to address these symptoms, which has the potential to decrease the need for more intensive services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Clifford
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Ave, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, CARE/Crawley Building, 3230 Eden Avenue, Suite E-870, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
| | - Erin M Flynn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Ave, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Shannon L Brothers
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Ave, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, CARE/Crawley Building, 3230 Eden Avenue, Suite E-870, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Shanna Guilfoyle
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Ave, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, CARE/Crawley Building, 3230 Eden Avenue, Suite E-870, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Avani C Modi
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Ave, MLC 3015, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, CARE/Crawley Building, 3230 Eden Avenue, Suite E-870, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Funkhouser CJ, Trivedi E, Li LY, Helgren F, Zhang E, Sritharan A, Cherner RA, Pagliaccio D, Durham K, Kyler M, Tse TC, Buchanan SN, Allen NB, Shankman SA, Auerbach RP. Detecting adolescent depression through passive monitoring of linguistic markers in smartphone communication. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:932-941. [PMID: 38098445 PMCID: PMC11161327 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross sectional studies have identified linguistic correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) in smartphone communication. However, it is unclear whether monitoring these linguistic characteristics can detect when an individual is experiencing MDD, which would facilitate timely intervention. METHODS Approximately 1.2 million messages typed into smartphone social communication apps (e.g. texting, social media) were passively collected from 90 adolescents with a range of depression severity over a 12-month period. Sentiment (i.e. positive vs. negative valence of text), proportions of first-person singular pronouns (e.g. 'I'), and proportions of absolutist words (e.g. 'all') were computed for each message and converted to weekly aggregates temporally aligned with weekly MDD statuses obtained from retrospective interviews. Idiographic, multilevel logistic regression models tested whether within-person deviations in these linguistic features were associated with the probability of concurrently meeting threshold for MDD. RESULTS Using more first-person singular pronouns in smartphone communication relative to one's own average was associated with higher odds of meeting threshold for MDD in the concurrent week (OR = 1.29; p = .007). Sentiment (OR = 1.07; p = .54) and use of absolutist words (OR = 0.99; p = .90) were not related to weekly MDD. CONCLUSIONS Passively monitoring use of first-person singular pronouns in adolescents' smartphone communication may help detect MDD, providing novel opportunities for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carter J. Funkhouser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Esha Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Lilian Y. Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Fiona Helgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
| | - Emily Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Aishwarya Sritharan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Rachel A. Cherner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Katherine Durham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Mia Kyler
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Trinity C. Tse
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | | | | | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ding J, Wu Y, Wang B, Sun Z. The relationship between depression severity and heart rate variability in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2024; 182:111804. [PMID: 38788284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression in children and adolescents has gradually attracted social attention. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been found to be influenced by depression severity, but results have not been uniformed in children and adolescents. This study investigated the relationship between depression severity and heart rate variability in children and adolescents, aiming to provide additional evidence for an objective, effective, and convenient depression screening tool in this population. METHODS Literature searching was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO. Relevant studies investigating the relationship between depression severity and HRV in children and adolescents were selected for meta-analysis. RESULTS 31 articles were included in this meta-analysis, involving 4534 participants. Depression severity in children and adolescents was significantly negatively correlated with high frequency (HF) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in HRV (HF: r = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.04, p = 0.001; RMSSD: r = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.05, p = 0.01). The relationship between HF and depression severity was moderated by age, higher among those aged >12 than among those aged <12 (r = -0.17, -0.02, Q = 7.32, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Heart rate variability is associated with depression severity in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ding
- Institute of Applied Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, 310023 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Applied Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, 310023 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Applied Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, 310023 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zaoyi Sun
- Institute of Applied Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, 288 Liuhe Road, 310023 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Durdurak BB, Williams B, Zhigalov A, Moore A, Mallikarjun P, Wong D, Marwaha S, Morales-Muñoz I. Factors associated with chronic depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood: a UK birth cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e32. [PMID: 38920396 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Identifying children and/or adolescents who are at highest risk for developing chronic depression is of utmost importance, so that we can develop more effective and targeted interventions to attenuate the risk trajectory of depression. To address this, the objective of this study was to identify young people with persistent depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood and examine the prospective associations between factors and persistent depressive symptoms in young people. METHODS We used data from 6711 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Depressive symptoms were assessed at 12.5, 13.5, 16, 17.5, 21 and 22 years with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and we further examined the influence of multiple biological, psychological and social factors in explaining chronic depressive symptoms. RESULTS Using latent class growth analysis, we identified four trajectories of depressive symptoms: persistent high, persistent low, persistent moderate and increasing high. After applying several logistic regression models, we found that loneliness and feeling less connected at school were the most relevant factors for chronic course of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute with the identification of those children who are at highest risk for developing chronic depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B B Durdurak
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Williams
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Zhigalov
- School of Engineering and Technology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge Herchel Smith Building for Brain & Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Mallikarjun
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Wong
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Specialist Mood Disorders Clinic, The Barberry Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham and Solihull NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Morales-Muñoz
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Zhang R, Zhao L, Yin Y, Min J, Ge Y, Luo Y, Li P, Li L, Tong Y. Risk factors for subsequent suicidal acts among 12-25-year-old high-risk callers to a suicide prevention hotline in China: a longitudinal study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:73. [PMID: 38898519 PMCID: PMC11188529 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few previous cross-sectional studies investigated correlated factors of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts among suicide prevention hotline callers; however, scarcely any evidence was from a longitudinal study. In addition, it is still unclear whether improvements in some suicide risk factors could reduce the occurrence of subsequent suicidal acts. This longitudinal study focusing on the risk factors for subsequent suicidal acts among adolescent and young adult callers with high suicide risk aims to fill this gap. METHODS This study recruited 12-25-year-old high-risk callers to a China nationwide suicide prevention hotline. Potential risk factors, including hopefulness, psychological distress, depression, history of suicide attempts, alcohol or substance misuse, and acute life events, were examined during the index calls, and improvements in hopefulness, psychological distress, and suicide intent were assessed before ending the index calls. The recruited callers were followed up 12 months after their index calls. The primary outcome was the occurrence of suicidal acts (suicide attempts or suicide death) during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards model were used. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 271 of 1656 high-risk adolescent and young adult callers attempted suicide, and seven callers died by suicide. After adjusting for demographic variables, low hopefulness (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.03, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=[1.47, 2.80]) at the beginning of the index call was associated with a higher risk for subsequent suicidal acts, whereas improvements in psychological distress (HR = 0.61, 95%CI [0.41, 0.89]) and suicidal intent (HR = 0.56, 95%CI [0.38, 0.84]) during the index call reduced the risk of subsequent suicidal acts. In addition, alcohol or substance misuse (Model 2, HR = 1.65, 95%CI [1.11, 2.46]) and suicide attempt history(Model 1: one episode, HR = 1.96, 95%CI=[1.05, 3.66]; two or more episodes, HR = 2.81, 95%CI [1.59, 4.96]. Model 2: one episode, HR = 2.26, 95%CI [1.06, 4.82]; two or more episodes: HR = 3.28, 95%CI [1.63, 6.60]) were risk factors for subsequent suicidal acts. CONCLUSIONS While suicide prevention hotline operators deliver brief psychological interventions to high-risk adolescent and young adult callers, priority should be given to callers with low hopefulness and to the alleviation of callers' high psychological distress and suicide intent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Wu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyun Zhang
- Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Zhao
- Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Beijing, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Min
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ge
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Tong
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China, 7 Nan Dian Road, Changping, 100096.
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong SN, Lai FTT, Wang B, Choi EPH, Wong ICK, Lam CLK, Wan EYF. Age-specific Multimorbidity Patterns and Burden on All-Cause Mortality and Public Direct Medical Expenditure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-024-00256-y. [PMID: 38869775 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate age-specific multimorbidity patterns and morbidity burden on mortality and healthcare expenditure across age groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective observational study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017 using electronic health records in Hong Kong: Individuals were stratified by age (< 50, 50-64, 65-79, ≥ 80), and sub-classified by number of morbidities (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥ 4) out of 21 common chronic conditions. Clustering analyses were conducted to identify specific patterns of multimorbidity. Association between the number as well as combinations of morbidities and all-cause mortality and public expenditure was examined. RESULTS 4,562,832 individuals with a median follow-up of 7 years were included. Mental disorders were the top morbidities among young individuals, while cardiovascular diseases were prevalent in the elderly. An increased number of morbidities was associated with a greater relative risk for mortality and medical expenditure, and this relationship was stronger among younger patients. Compared to individuals in the same age group without morbidity, the hazard ratios (HR; 95% CI) of all-cause mortality in patients aged < 50 and ≥ 80 with two comorbidities 3.81 (3.60-4.03) and 1.38 (1.36-1.40), respectively, which increased to 14.22 (9.87-20.47) and 2.20 (2.13-2.26), respectively, as the number of morbidities increased to ≥ 4. The stroke-hypertension cluster was shown to be associated with the highest HR of mortality 2.48 (2.43-2.53) among all identified clusters arising from the clustering analysis. CONCLUSION Given the stronger association between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality and greater opportunity costs in younger populations, prevention and management of early-onset multimorbidity are warranted. (248 words).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nan Hong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francisco Tsz Tsun Lai
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmond Pui Hang Choi
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Family Medicine, the University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee YH, Chiu W, Hwang J, Noh S. Mobile-based mindfulness meditation intervention's impact on mental health among young male judo athletes in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12691. [PMID: 38830986 PMCID: PMC11148055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Young athletes commonly encounter various mental health challenges due to the distinct pressures inherent in sports environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in alleviating mental health indicators of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety, and enhancing self-esteem and resilience among young male judo athletes in South Korea. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were completed by 53 judo athletes. Participants were then allocated to the intervention group (N = 27; Mage = 13.77 [SD = 1.11]), which used a mobile meditation software program, or the control group (N = 27; Mage = 13.56 [SD = 1.05]). Data analysis compared intervention and control group scores using multiple statistical methods, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures analysis of variance. Following the intervention, the mindfulness group exhibited significant enhancements in the mental health indicators of depression (GMD = 2.74 [95% CI 0.90-4.56], Cohen's D = 0.84), perceived stress (GMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.002-0.70], Cohen's D = 0.56), and anxiety (GMD = 0.2 [95% CI 0.001-0.40, Cohen's D = 0.56]. Self-esteem also had a significant increase (GMD = 0.55 [95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.88], Cohen's D = 0.95). The findings of this study underscore the potential benefits of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in addressing mental health challenges among young male judo athletes. The significant enhancements observed in scores on measures of depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-esteem among participants in the mindfulness group highlight the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting mental health in sports settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hoon Lee
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| | - Weisheng Chiu
- Lee Shau Kee School of Business and Administration, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Juhee Hwang
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyeon Noh
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Duda JM, Moser AD, Ironside M, Null KE, Holsen LM, Zuo CS, Du F, Esfand SM, Chen X, Perlo S, Richards CE, Lobien R, Alexander M, Misra M, Goldstein JM, Pizzagalli DA. Effects of GABA, Sex, and Stress on Reward Learning in Current and Remitted Major Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:606-615. [PMID: 38417785 PMCID: PMC11156537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive factors including aberrant reward learning, blunted GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), and potentiated stress sensitivity have been linked to anhedonia, a hallmark depressive symptom, possibly in a sex-dependent manner. However, previous research has not investigated the putative associations among these factors or the extent to which they represent trait- or state-based vulnerabilities for depression. METHODS Young adults with current major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 44), remitted MDD (n = 42), and healthy control participants (HCs) (n = 44), stratified by sex assigned at birth, underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess macromolecular contaminated GABA (GABA+) and then a reward learning task before and after acute stress. We assessed changes in reward learning after stress and associations with GABA+. RESULTS Results revealed blunted baseline reward learning in participants with remitted MDD versus participants with current MDD and HCs but, surprisingly, no differences between participants with current MDD and HCs. Reward learning was reduced following acute stress regardless of depressive history. GABA+ in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, was associated with reduced baseline reward learning only in female participants. GABA+ did not predict stress-related changes in reward learning. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate associations among GABA, reward learning, and stress reactivity in current versus past depression. Hypothesized depression-related differences in reward learning did not emerge, precluding claims about state versus trait vulnerabilities. However, our finding that blunted GABA was associated with greater reward learning in female participants provides novel insights into sex-selective associations between the frontal GABAergic inhibitory system and reward processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Duda
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amelia D Moser
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Maria Ironside
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Kaylee E Null
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chun S Zuo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Fei Du
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Shiba M Esfand
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Xi Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Perlo
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Christine E Richards
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Lobien
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline Alexander
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zsigo C, Greimel E, Primbs R, Bartling J, Schulte-Körne G, Feldmann L. Frontal alpha asymmetry during emotion regulation in adults with lifetime major depression. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:552-566. [PMID: 38302819 PMCID: PMC11078823 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) often is impaired in current or remitted major depression (MD), although the extent of the deficits is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) could be a promising electrophysiological measure to investigate ER. The purpose of this study was to investigate ER differences between participants with lifetime major depression (lifetime MD) and healthy controls (HC) for the first time in an experimental task by using FAA. We compared lifetime MD (n = 34) and HC (n = 25) participants aged 18-24 years in (a) an active ER condition, in which participants were instructed to reappraise negative images and (b) a condition in which they attended to the images while an EEG was recorded. We also report FAA results from an independent sample of adolescents with current MD (n = 36) and HC adolescents (n = 38). In the main sample, both groups were able to decrease self-reported negative affect in response to negative images through ER, without significant group differences. We found no differences between groups or conditions in FAA, which was replicated within the independent adolescent sample. The lifetime MD group also reported less adaptive ER in daily life and higher difficulty of ER during the task. The lack of differences between in self-reported affect and FAA between lifetime MD and HC groups in the active ER task indicates that lifetime MD participants show no impairments when instructed to apply an adaptive ER strategy. Implications for interventional aspects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Zsigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Regine Primbs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstr. 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Steiner Q, Watson AM, Mosiman SJ, Spiker AM. Association Between Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression, Hip Pathology, and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1728-1734. [PMID: 38771945 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241252821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), mental health has been implicated in both symptom severity and postoperative outcomes. However, there are limited data regarding the independent influences of baseline mental health and hip pathology on patient-reported outcomes over time after hip arthroscopy. PURPOSE To evaluate the association between mental health and structural hip pathology with pain, hip function, and quality of life (QOL). STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Patient records from a single surgeon's hip outcomes registry were retrospectively reviewed. Mental health was evaluated using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety and Depression scores. Pain was evaluated with the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score for Activities of Daily Living (SANE-ADL), while hip-related QOL was evaluated with the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). Hip function was assessed with the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) Sport-Specific (SS) and ADL subscales. Separate mixed models were used to predict pain, QOL, and hip function, including hip pathology measures (size of labral tear, grade of chondral damage, preoperative alpha angle), anxiety, depression, and time as fixed effects and individuals as a random effect. RESULTS A total of 312 patients were included in this study. The preoperative alpha angle, degree of intraoperative cartilage damage, and size of the labral tear were not associated with pain or QOL (P > .05 for all). However, higher levels of anxiety and depression were significantly associated with lower SANE-ADL scores (estimate ± SE) (anxiety: -0.59 ± 0.07, P < .0001; depression: -0.64 ± 0.08, P < .0001), iHOT-12 scores (anxiety: -0.72 ± 0.07, P < .0001; depression: -0.72 ± 0.08, P < .0001), HOS-SS scores (anxiety: -0.68 ± 0.09, P < .0001; depression: -0.57 ± 0.10, P < .0001), and HOS-ADL scores (anxiety: -0.43 ± 0.05, P < .0001; depression: -0.43 ± 0.06, P < .0001). CONCLUSION Patients had similar improvements in pain scores, QOL, and hip function after hip arthroscopy for FAI irrespective of their degree of hip pathology. Additionally, preoperative symptoms of anxiety and depression symptoms were associated with greater pain, decreased QOL, and worse hip function both pre- and postoperatively, independent of the degree of hip pathology. This suggests that efforts to directly address symptoms of anxiety and depression may improve outcomes after hip arthroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Steiner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew M Watson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samuel J Mosiman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrea M Spiker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Courtney D, Mason J, Amani B, Rodak T, Szatmari P, Henderson J, de Oliveira C. Economic evaluations of treatment of depressive disorders in adolescents: Protocol for a scoping review. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:391-396. [PMID: 38323501 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM Depressive disorders in adolescents are common and impairing. Evidence-based treatments are available; however, at a cost. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we anticipate increased demand for treatment services for adolescents with depression. We also anticipate that economic resources will be strained. Identifying cost-effective strategies to optimally treat depression in adolescents is imperative. This protocol for a scoping review aims to describe the literature with respect to economic evaluations of treatments for depression in adolescents. METHODS We will conduct a scoping review using established methods and reporting guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, PsyclNFO, Econlit, and the International HTA Database will be searched from inception to June 13, 2023, with an update closer to time of manuscript submission, while the NHS Economic Evaluation Database archives will be searched from inception to December 2014. Publications that contain economic evaluations, in the context of a clinical trial or a model-based study, testing a treatment of depression in adolescents will be selected for inclusion. Extracted data items will include: economic evaluation perspectives, health outcome variables and costs used in economic evaluations, types of analyses performed, as well as quality of reporting and methodology. RESULT A narrative synthesis with summary tables will be used to describe our findings. CONCLUSION Our findings will help identify gaps in the literature with respect to economic analyses for the treatment of depression such that these gaps can be filled with future research. Policy-makers, funders and administrators may also use our findings to inform their decisions around provision of various treatments for depression in adolescents. REGISTRATION osf.io/5fteb (note that information on this link will be updated upon acceptance for publication based on reviewer comments).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joyce Mason
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bahar Amani
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jo Henderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire de Oliveira
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Askari MS, Belsky DW, Olfson M, Breslau J, Mojtabai R, Kajeepeta S, Bruzelius E, Keyes KM. An integrative literature review of birth cohort and time period trends in adolescent depression in the United States. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:899-915. [PMID: 37428192 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this literature review is to examine evidence of time trends and birth cohort effects in depressive disorders and symptoms among US adolescents in peer-reviewed articles from January 2004 to April 2022. METHODS We conducted an integrative systematic literature review. Three reviewers participated at different stages of article review. Of the 2234 articles identified in three databases (Pubmed, ProQuest Central, Ebscohost), 10 met inclusion criteria (i.e., adolescent aged United States populations, included information about birth cohort and survey year, focused on depressive symptoms/disorders). RESULTS All 10 articles observed increases in depressive symptoms and disorders in adolescents across recent survey years with increases observed between 1991 and 2020. Of the 3 articles that assessed birth cohort trends, birth cohort trends were less prominent than time period trends. Proposed explanations for increases included social media, economic-related reasons, changes in mental health screening and diagnosis, declining mental health stigma, increased treatment, and, in more recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Multiple cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies documented rising prevalence of depressive symptoms and disorder among adolescents from 1991 to 2020. Mechanisms driving this increase are still unknown. Research to identify these mechanisms is needed to inform depression screening and intervention efforts for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Askari
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Breslau
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave #600, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 797, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sandhya Kajeepeta
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Emilie Bruzelius
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Daley MM, Howell DR, Lanois CJ, Berkner PD, Mannix RC, Oldham JR, Meehan WP. Concussion Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance of Children and Adolescents on Antidepressants. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1018-1025. [PMID: 38233981 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE There is a well-established association between preexisting depression/anxiety and greater postconcussion symptom burden, but the potential impact of antidepressant medications has not been fully explored. The primary objective of this study was to compare preinjury/baseline and postinjury concussion symptom scores and neurocognitive performance of athletes on antidepressant medications, both with healthy controls and with those with depression/anxiety not on antidepressants. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using data collected from 49,270 junior and high school athletes from computerized neurocognitive assessments (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test [ImPACT]) administered between 2009 and 2018 held by the Massachusetts Concussion Management Coalition. The main outcome measures were symptom scores and neurocognitive performance measures, all of which were assessed both at baseline and postinjury. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance and Tukey pairwise comparisons for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Multivariate regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Both at baseline and postinjury, athletes with depression/anxiety had mean total symptom scores that were more than double that of healthy controls regardless of antidepressant use. Although there were no significant differences in neurocognitive performance at baseline, depression/anxiety was associated with small but significant decreases in postinjury visual memory and visual motor scores. CONCLUSIONS Both at baseline and after sustaining a concussion, young athletes with depression/anxiety experience significantly greater symptom burden compared with healthy controls regardless of antidepressant use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessie R Oldham
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen S, López-Gil JF, Memon AR, Bao R, Yang X. Associations of Eating Habits with Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: A 42-Country Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1501-1513. [PMID: 38921065 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks. Outcomes included self-rated health and life satisfaction. Regression models were used to assess the associations between the independent variables and the two outcomes, separately, after controlling for covariates. Results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of all the study participants (aged 11-15 years), 50.8% were girls. Compared with no consumption of breakfast on weekdays, eating breakfast for five days had 1.22 times greater likelihood for improved self-rated health (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19-1.25, p < 0.001). Participants who ate breakfast for both days (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36-1.46, p < 0.001) and one day (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08-1.17, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience improved self-rated health compared to never eating breakfast at weekends. Five or more days for fruit and vegetable consumption resulted in better self-rated health (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found in terms of the associations of breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption with life satisfaction. For example, a higher frequency of fruit intake was associated with enhanced self-rated health (e.g., OR for more than once daily = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.34-1.51, p < 0.001) compared to no fruit consumption. Similarly, a higher-frequency vegetable intake, such as more than once daily (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, p < 0.001), was associated with improved self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Healthy eating habits, especially regular breakfast and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruit, are associated with better self-rated health and life satisfaction in school-aged children. Of note, the consumption of fruit would have the greatest impact on health and wellbeing outcomes. This study offers evidence that healthy eating habits can play a vital role in school-aged children's health and wellbeing, highlighting the practical significance of educating adolescents to develop healthy eating habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | | | - Aamir Raoof Memon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
| | - Ran Bao
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Xingyi Yang
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Spreen A, Alkhoury D, Walter H, Müller S. Optogenetic behavioral studies in depression research: A systematic review. iScience 2024; 27:109776. [PMID: 38726370 PMCID: PMC11079475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has made substantial contributions to our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of depression. This systematic review employs quantitative analysis to investigate the impact of optogenetic stimulation in mice and rats on behavioral alterations in social interaction, sucrose consumption, and mobility. The review analyses optogenetic behavioral studies using standardized behavioral tests to detect behavioral changes induced via optogenetic stimulation in stressed or stress-naive mice and rats. Behavioral changes were evaluated as either positive, negative, or not effective. The analysis comprises the outcomes of 248 behavioral tests of 168 studies described in 37 articles, including negative and null results. Test outcomes were compared for each behavior, depending on the animal cohort, applied type of stimulation and the stimulated neuronal circuit and cell type. The presented synthesis contributes toward a comprehensive picture of optogenetic behavioral research in the context of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Spreen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Biophysics, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Alkhoury
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Min J, Cao Z, Chen H, Wang X, Xu C. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101456. [PMID: 38770357 PMCID: PMC11103187 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are established risk factors for various health outcomes. However, previous studies assessed depressive symptoms at a single time point, neglecting individual variations over time. Aims To identify depressive symptoms trajectories through repeated measures and examine their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and mortality. Methods This study included 20 634 UK Biobank participants free of CVD and cancer at baseline with two or more assessments of depressive symptoms during 2006-2016. Group-based trajectory modelling identified depressive symptoms trajectories. Incident CVD, cancer and mortality were followed up until 2021 through linked registries. Results Six depressive symptoms trajectories were identified: no symptoms (n=6407), mild-stable (n=11 539), moderate-stable (n=2183), severe-decreasing (n=206), moderate-increasing (n=177) and severe-stable (n=122). During a median follow-up of 5.5 years, 1471 CVD cases, 1275 cancer cases and 503 deaths were documented. Compared with the no symptoms trajectory, the mild-stable, moderate-stable and severe-stable trajectories exhibited higher CVD risk, with hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) of 1.19 (1.06 to 1.34), 1.32 (1.08 to 1.34) and 2.99 (1.85 to 4.84), respectively. Moderate-increasing and severe-stable trajectories were associated with higher mortality risks, with HRs (95% CIs) of 2.27 (1.04 to 4.93) and 3.26 (1.55 to 6.88), respectively. However, the severe-decreasing trajectory was not associated with higher risks of adverse outcomes. We did not find significant associations between any trajectory and cancer. Conclusions Trajectories related to stable and increasing depressive symptoms, but not the trajectory associated with severe depressive symptoms at the initial assessment but decreasing at the follow-up, were associated with higher risks of CVD and mortality. Alleviating severe depressive symptoms at the initial onset may mitigate CVD and mortality risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Min
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bramness JG, Hjellvik V, Høye A, Tesli M, Haram M, Nystad W, Krokstad S. The epidemiology of major depression among adults in Norway: an observational study on the concurrence between population surveys and registry data - a NCDNOR project. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1330. [PMID: 38755615 PMCID: PMC11100182 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems, and major depression in particular, are important public health issues. Following trends in the prevalence of major depression is difficult because of the costs and complications of diagnostic interviews and general population self-report health surveys. Scandinavian countries, however, have several central, population-based health registries. We aimed to investigate how well these registries capture the epidemiology of major depression in the population. METHODS In two Norwegian regional surveys of general population health, each repeated after 10 years, responders were asked to report depressive symptoms using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data were linked to three central health registries capturing contact with primary care, specialist care and prescriptions for antidepressants, to investigate how well these registries reflected self-reported depressive symptoms. RESULTS Most responders scored low on Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), but 10% and 13%, respectively, scored above cut-off, with only minor changes between the two survey times. Females scored higher than males. Older people scored lower than younger, and a social gradient was visible. Around 12% of those who scored above the cut-off on either scale were recorded in the central health registries during the following year. This correlation was highest in primary care data, followed by prescription data and lowest in specialist care. Females were more often recorded in registries (p < 0.001), as were younger people (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was a strong association between scores on screening for major depression in the general population surveys and being recorded in central health registries. There was a low sensitivity of these registries. and there was some variation in how sensitive the central health registries were in picking up depression, especially for males and older people. However, the stability of the measures over time suggests we may get an impression of the prevalence of major depression in the general population by using data from the central health registries. A combination of primary care data, prescription data and specialist care data have a higher sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen G Bramness
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O.Box 222, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Haram
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jenniskens K, Rasing S, Popma A, Creemers D, Ghalit C, van Vuuren L, Mérelle S, Spijker J, van Nassau F. Development of an implementation plan for a school-based multimodal approach for depression and suicide prevention in adolescents. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1386031. [PMID: 38799678 PMCID: PMC11122015 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong Teens and Resilient Minds (STORM) is a multimodal, school-based approach for depression and suicide prevention in adolescents that is currently implemented in a region in the Netherlands. The STORM approach will be implemented in new regions in the coming years. This study used the implementation mapping protocol to report on the development of the STORM implementation plan. First, a needs assessment was conducted through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and brainstorming sessions with regional programme leaders in the two regions that started implementing STORM in 2023. This led to the identification of six main barriers to implementation: high level of demands for schools, insufficient understanding of the programme content, insufficient network collaboration, no perceived relative advantage of STORM by stakeholders, lack of attention to sustainability, and high work pressure. Second, performance and change objectives were formulated based on these barriers. For example, a performance objective for potential providers was that they felt supported by STORM. Third, implementation strategies were selected from theory and translated into practical applications through brainstorming sessions with programme leaders. The following strategies were included in the implementation plan: collaborate with similar initiatives within the region, free up time for STORM tasks, tailor strategies, identify and prepare STORM champions, and promote network weaving. Last, a plan to evaluate the implementation of STORM and the application of the STORM implementation plan was formulated. Planned evaluation research will provide more insight into the usefulness and impact of the STORM implementation plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Jenniskens
- GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, Netherlands
- 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Rasing
- GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan Creemers
- GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Chaimae Ghalit
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Spijker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Pro Persona, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Femke van Nassau
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ringbom I, Suvisaari J, Sourander A, Gissler M, Gyllenberg D. Temporal changes in the associations between diagnosed psychiatric disorders and dropping out of school early. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1443-1450. [PMID: 37380876 PMCID: PMC11098921 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric problems are risk markers for poor educational attainment. The number of adolescents receiving treatment has increased. We investigated whether the association between psychiatric problems in early adolescence and dropping out of school had changed. We used the register-based 1987 and 1997 Finnish Birth Cohort studies, which include all live births in Finland. Hospital districts with incomplete records were excluded, leaving 25,421 participants born in 1987 and 32,025 born in 1997. The main outcome was not having applied for secondary education by the year the cohort members turned 18. Our main predictors were psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by specialized services during 1998-2003 and 2008-2013, when the cohort members were 10-16 years old. We found that 511 (2.0) of subjects born in 1987 and 499 (1.6%) born in 1997 dropped out of school. Having any diagnosis at 10-16 of age was associated with dropping out of school early in both cohorts: 3.9% in 1987 and 4.8% in 1997. The highest proportions were in the subgroup with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 19.4% in 1987 and 16.2% in 1997. Dropping out early increased among adolescents diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder, from 3.9 to 4.8%, with the clearest increase for learning disabilities, from 3.4 to 9.0%. Dropping out decreased for those with depression, from 4.5 to 2.1%. Adolescents with psychiatric and especially neurodevelopmental disorders, need effective interventions to prevent them dropping out of school early. Increased detection of psychopathology did not result in decreased dropout rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ringbom
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland.
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Sweden and Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Gyllenberg
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Invest Flagship, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3, 3rd. Floor, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Camacho MC, Balser DH, Furtado EJ, Rogers CE, Schwarzlose RF, Sylvester CM, Barch DM. Higher Intersubject Variability in Neural Response to Narrative Social Stimuli Among Youth With Higher Social Anxiety. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:549-560. [PMID: 38070872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social anxiety is associated with alterations in socioemotional processing, but the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Movies present an opportunity to examine more naturalistic socioemotional processing by providing narrative and sensory context to emotion cues. This study aimed to characterize associations between neural response to contextualized social cues and social anxiety symptoms in children. METHOD Data from the Healthy Brain Network (final N = 740; age range 5-15 years) were split into discovery and replication samples to maximize generalizability of findings. Associations of parent- and self-reported social anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety-related Emotional Disorders) with mean differences and person-to-person variability in functional magnetic resonance imaging-measured activation to 2 emotionally dynamic movies were characterized. RESULTS Though no evidence was found to indicate social anxiety symptoms were associated with mean differences in neural activity to emotional content (fit Spearman rs < 0.09), children with high social anxiety symptoms had higher intersubject activation variability in the posterior cingulate, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus (Bonferroni familywise error-corrected ps < .05)-regions associated with attention, alertness, and emotion cue processing. Identified regions varied by age group and informant. Across ages, these effects were enhanced for scenes containing greater sensory intensity (brighter, louder, more motion, more vibrance). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that children with high social anxiety symptoms show high person-to-person variability in the neural processing of sensory aspects of emotional content. These data indicate that children with high social anxiety may require personalized interventions for sensory and emotional difficulties, as the underlying neurology differs from child to child. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.
Collapse
|
22
|
Saleh A, Irwan AM, Latif AI, Syahrul S, Hadju V, Andriani I, Restika I. Implementation of coaching methods to decrease the parenting stress levels among teenage mothers in Indonesia: A quasi-experimental study. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2024; 10:192-200. [PMID: 38690301 PMCID: PMC11056841 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The high rate of early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and teenage mothers increases the prevalence of emotional and mental disorders, depression, parenting stress, and child stunting. Parenting coaching is among the effective ways to overcome parenting stress and improve parents' knowledge, skills, and behaviors, thereby avoiding child stunting. However, studies on parenting coaching are not widely conducted, particularly in Indonesia. Objective This study aimed to present the current status of parenting stress among teenage mothers and assess whether parenting coaching effectively reduces parenting stress among teenage mothers. Methods A quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were randomly selected into two groups: the intervention group receiving parenting coaching intervention and the control group receiving standard education using a leaflet. Data were collected in June 2021 in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Statistical Program for Social Science version 21 (Armonk, NY, USA) was employed for all statistical analyses. Results The parenting coaching intervention had a significant effect on parenting stress (p <0.001), with significant positive changes in knowledge, attitude (p <0.001), behavior (p <0.001), self-efficacy (p <0.001), and maternal function (p <0.001). Additionally, a significant difference in the achievement of z-score values was observed between the intervention and control groups based on Body Weight/Age (BW/A) (p <0.001) and Body Length/Age (BL/A) (p <0.001). However, Body Weight/Body Length (BW/BL) did not show a significant difference in the achievement of z-score (p = 0.34) in the third month. Conclusion Parenting coaching can reduce parenting stress among teenage mothers and improve their knowledge, attitudes, behavior, self-efficacy, and maternal function; hence, this intervention can be used as a reference in the nursing process to reduce parenting stress and prevent child stunting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariyanti Saleh
- Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Veni Hadju
- Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Irma Andriani
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang CH, Lv JJ, Kong XM, Chu F, Li ZB, Lu W, Li XY. Global, regional and national burdens of depression in adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years, from 1990 to 2019: findings from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. Br J Psychiatry 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38660761 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant mental health concern affecting the overall well-being of adolescents and young adults. Recently, the prevalence of depression has increased among young people. Nonetheless, there is little research delving into the longitudinal epidemiology of adolescent depression over time. AIMS To investigate the longitudinal epidemiology of depression among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years. METHOD Our research focused on young people (aged 10-24 years) with depression, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. We explored the age-standardised prevalence, incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of depression in different groups, including various regions, ages, genders and sociodemographic indices, from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS The prevalence, incidence and DALYs of depression in young people increased globally between 1990 and 2019. Regionally, higher-income regions like High-Income North America and Australasia recorded rising age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates, whereas low- or middle-income regions mostly saw reductions. Nationally, countries such as Greenland, the USA and Palestine reported the highest age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates in 2019, whereas Qatar witnessed the largest growth over time. The burden disproportionately affected females across age groups and world regions. The most prominent age effect on incidence and prevalence rates was in those aged 20-24 years. The depression burden showed an unfavourable trend in younger cohorts born after 1980, with females reporting a higher cohort risk than males. CONCLUSIONS Between 1990 and 2019, the general pattern of depression among adolescents varied according to age, gender, time period and generational cohort, across regions and nations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Jia-Jie Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xiang-Meng Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Chu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China; and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mojtabai R. Problematic social media use and psychological symptoms in adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02657-7. [PMID: 38584201 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined time trends in significant child and adolescent psychological symptoms and explored the association of frequent and problematic social media use with these symptoms. METHODS Time trends in psychological symptoms were assessed using data from five waves of the international survey of Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC), conducted between 2001 and 2018 (N = 1,036,869). The associations of frequent and problematic social media use with significant psychological symptoms were assessed by hierarchical multinomial logistic regression using data from 2001-2002 and the 2017-2018 survey waves. The direction of effect between social media use variables and psychological symptoms was explored using Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Models (LiNGAM). RESULTS Prevalence of more severe psychological symptoms increased from 6.7% in 2001-2002 to 10.4% in the 2017-2018 survey waves. The increase was especially large among 15-year old and older girls: from 10.9 to 19.1%. The higher prevalence of more severe psychological symptoms in 2017-2018 compared with 2001-2002 was eliminated after adjusting the model for problematic social media use. LiNGAM analysis supported the direction of effect going from social media use and problematic social media use to psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that frequent and problematic use of social media contribute to the increasing trend of psychological symptoms in adolescents in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gaw CE, Metzger KB, Pfeiffer MR, Yerys BE, Boyd RC, Corwin DJ, Curry AE. Driver's Licensure and Driving Outcomes Among Youths With Mood Disorders. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e245543. [PMID: 38587843 PMCID: PMC11002704 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Mood disorders are prevalent among adolescents and young adults, and their onset often coincides with driving eligibility. The understanding of how mood disorders are associated with youth driving outcomes is limited. Objective To examine the association between the presence of a mood disorder and rates of licensing, crashes, violations, and suspensions among adolescents and young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted among New Jersey residents who were born 1987 to 2000, age eligible to acquire a driver's license from 2004 to 2017, and patients of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia network within 2 years of licensure eligibility at age 17 years. The presence of a current (ie, ≤2 years of driving eligibility) mood disorder was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) or International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. Rates of licensure and driving outcomes among youths who were licensed were compared among 1879 youths with and 84 294 youths without a current mood disorder from 2004 to 2017. Data were analyzed from June 2022 to July 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Acquisition of a driver's license and first involvement as a driver in a police-reported crash and rates of other adverse driving outcomes were assessed. Survival analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for licensing and driving outcomes. Adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) were estimated for driving outcomes 12 and 48 months after licensure. Results Among 86 173 youths (median [IQR] age at the end of the study, 22.8 [19.7-26.5] years; 42 894 female [49.8%]), there were 1879 youths with and 84 294 youths without a mood disorder. A greater proportion of youths with mood disorders were female (1226 female [65.2%]) compared with those without mood disorders (41 668 female [49.4%]). At 48 months after licensure eligibility, 75.5% (95% CI, 73.3%-77.7%) and 83.8% (95% CI, 83.5%-84.1%) of youths with and without mood disorders, respectively, had acquired a license. Youths with mood disorders were 30% less likely to acquire a license than those without a mood disorder (aHR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.66-0.74]). Licensed youths with mood disorders had higher overall crash rates than those without mood disorders over the first 48 months of driving (137.8 vs 104.8 crashes per 10 000 driver-months; aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.08-1.31]); licensed youths with mood disorders also had higher rates of moving violations (aRR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.13-1.38]) and license suspensions (aRR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.53-2.49]). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that youths with mood disorders were less likely to be licensed and had higher rates of adverse driving outcomes than youths without mood disorders. These findings suggest that opportunities may exist to enhance driving mobility in this population and elucidate the mechanisms by which mood disorders are associated with crash risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Gaw
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristina B. Metzger
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa R. Pfeiffer
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin E. Yerys
- Center for Autism Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rhonda C. Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J. Corwin
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison E. Curry
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laumann LE, Lee J, Blackmon JE, Delcourt ML, Sullivan MC, Cruess SE, Cruess DG. Depression and anxiety as mediators of the relationship between sleep disturbance and somatic symptoms among adolescents on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:513-525. [PMID: 37669806 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231198365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and somatic symptoms among adolescents residing on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Given the evidence that sleep disturbance may precede the onset of depression and anxiety and the clear associations between mood and somatic symptoms, depression and anxiety were considered as potential mediators of this relationship. Gender was tested as a potential moderator of the relationship between sleep disturbance and depression and anxiety, respectively. Method: A convenience sample of 83 adolescents completed a packet of self-report measures after admission to the unit. Measures assessed depression, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using SPSS PROCESS macro. Results: With anxiety included as a covariate, the overall indirect effect of sleep disturbance on somatic symptoms through depression was significant. No significant moderation effects were found, although females reported significantly higher levels of sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms than males. Conclusions: Results indicated that depression mediated the relationship between sleep disturbance and somatic symptoms above and beyond the effects of anxiety. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing the negative effects of sleep disturbance should also target mood in this population. Individual differences including gender should be considered when developing interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Laumann
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jerin Lee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Meaghan L Delcourt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Matthew C Sullivan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Dean G Cruess
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chiang SC, Sung YH, Chen WC. A Six-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting and Depressive Symptoms among Taiwanese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE 2024; 33:355-369. [PMID: 38800468 PMCID: PMC11114101 DOI: 10.1111/ijsw.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between early parental warmth, harsh discipline, and adolescent depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence, with attention to gender differences in these associations. The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study, the Taiwan Youth Project, including 2,690 Taiwanese adolescents from wave 1 in 2000 (first year in junior high school) to wave 6 (third year in high school) in 2005. The results showed a nonlinear developmental trajectory of adolescent depressive symptoms during the middle- to high-school period. Harsh discipline was associated with the significantly higher initial presence and faster growth rate of depressive symptoms, while parental warmth and monitoring were associated with the significantly lower initial presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, female adolescents displayed a higher initial level of depressive symptoms than males when parents exercised higher levels of monitoring and harsh discipline. Finally, we provided suggestions for practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Yu-Hsien Sung
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ran LY, Liu XY, Wang W, Tao WQ, Xiang JJ, Zeng Q, Kong YT, Zhang CY, Liao J, Qiu HT, Kuang L. Personality traits predict treatment outcome of an antidepressant in untreated adolescents with depression: An 8-week, open-label, flexible-dose study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:102-109. [PMID: 38199422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidepressant response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) is probably influenced by personality dimensions. However, personality dimensions in depression and their association with antidepressant treatment in adolescents are relatively unknown. We sought to investigate whether personality traits (PTs) can influence antidepressant treatment response in adolescents with depression. METHODS Eighty-two adolescents with MDD who had completed the 8 weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) were enrolled. The Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) was used to measure their personality at baseline, and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms at baseline and 8 weeks. Moreover, logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions and antidepressant response. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were employed to determine the accuracy of a PT-based model in predicting the antidepressant response rate. RESULTS Adolescents with MDD had significantly different PTs at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that extroversion scores were associated with response to antidepressant treatment, the lower the extroversion score, the better the response to antidepressant treatment, after correcting for variables with significant differences and trends or all potential confounding variables. It was also found that the combination of disease duration, extraversion-gregariousness, and agreeableness-trust effectively predicted antidepressant response in adolescents with MDD, with a sensitivity of 79.4 % and specificity of 68.7 %. CONCLUSION Personality dysfunction in adolescents is associated with MDD. The antidepressant treatment response is influenced by the degree of extroversion in adolescents with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Ran
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.55, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.55, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.55, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders, China
| | - Wan-Qing Tao
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.55, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.55, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yi-Ting Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, NO.55, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hai-Tang Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders, China.
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwartzman JM, Bettis AH. Autistic traits in adolescents in psychiatric inpatient care: Clinical and demographic characteristics and correlates. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2024; 112:102339. [PMID: 38390586 PMCID: PMC10881179 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2024.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Rates of psychiatric hospitalization among adolescents in the United States are rising, with many adolescents presenting to these settings with diverse clinical presentations, including autistic traits. To our knowledge, there has been little research identifying clinical characteristics of adolescents with autistic traits admitted to psychiatric inpatient units, which may be leveraged to improve assessment and treatment practices. Method In the current study, we examined clinical and demographic characteristics of 195 adolescents admitted to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. Specifically, we investigated the prevalence of adolescents endorsing elevated autistic traits and tested associations between autistic traits, psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts), and key demographic variables (age, sex, gender, sexual orientation). Results Results show that over half of the adolescents admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit reported elevated autistic traits on a short screening questionnaire. Higher autistic traits were significantly associated with more severe depressive symptoms, though to a small degree. Autistic traits were not associated with anxiety symptoms, suicidal thoughts, nor social disconnectedness, and did not differ by sex, gender identity, nor sexual orientation. Conclusions Findings highlight the challenge of diagnostic overshadowing among adolescents in crisis and the need for more rigorous measures designed for an inpatient setting to improve risk stratification, clinical assessments, intervention approaches, and discharge planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Schwartzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra H. Bettis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Avenue South, Suite 2200, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hirtz R, Grasemann C, Hölling H, von Holt BH, Albers N, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Peters T. No relationship between male pubertal timing and depression - new insights from epidemiology and Mendelian randomization. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38515277 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In males, the relationship between pubertal timing and depression is understudied and less consistent than in females, likely for reasons of unmeasured confounding. To clarify this relationship, a combined epidemiological and genetic approach was chosen to exploit the methodological advantages of both approaches. METHODS Data from 2026 males from a nationwide, representative study were used to investigate the non-/linear relationship between pubertal timing defined by the age at voice break and depression, considering a multitude of potential confounders and their interactions with pubertal timing. This analysis was complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR), which is robust to inferential problems inherent to epidemiological studies. We used 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms related to pubertal timing in males as instrumental variable to clarify its causal relationship with depression based on data from 807 553 individuals (246 363 cases and 561 190 controls) by univariable and multivariable MR, including BMI as pleiotropic phenotype. RESULTS Univariable MR indicated a causal effect of pubertal timing on depression risk (inverse-variance weighted: OR 0.93, 95%-CI [0.87-0.99)], p = 0.03). However, this was not confirmed by multivariable MR (inverse-variance weighted: OR 0.95, 95%-CI [0.88-1.02)], p = 0.13), consistent with the epidemiological approach (OR 1.01, 95%-CI [0.81-1.26], p = 0.93). Instead, the multivariable MR study indicated a causal relationship of BMI with depression by two of three methods. CONCLUSIONS Pubertal timing is not related to MDD risk in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hirtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases, and CeSER, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 5, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
- Helios University Medical Centre Wuppertal - Children's Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 40211 Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen von Holt
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nicola Albers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou JC, Cao Y, Xu XY, Xian ZP. Analysis of risk factors of suicidal ideation in adolescent patients with depression and construction of prediction model. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:388-397. [PMID: 38617983 PMCID: PMC11008382 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i3.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a common mental illness among adolescents and is the largest disease burden in this age group. Most adolescent patients with depression have suicidal ideation (SI); however, few studies have focused on the factors related to SI, and effective predictive models are lacking. AIM To construct a risk prediction model for SI in adolescent depression and provide a reference assessment tool for prevention. METHODS The data of 150 adolescent patients with depression at the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang from June 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on whether or not they had SI, they were divided into a SI group (n = 91) and a non-SI group (n = 59). The general data and laboratory indices of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing SI in adolescent patients with depression, a nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the analysis results, and internal evaluation was performed. Receiver operating characteristic and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model's efficacy, and the clinical application value was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS There were differences in trauma history, triggers, serum ferritin levels (SF), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hs-CRP), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels between the two groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that trauma history, predisposing factors, SF, hs-CRP, and HDL-C were factors influencing SI in adolescent patients with depression. The area under the curve of the nomogram prediction model was 0.831 (95%CI: 0.763-0.899), sensitivity was 0.912, and specificity was 0.678. The higher net benefit of the DCA and the average absolute error of the calibration curve were 0.043, indicating that the model had a good fit. CONCLUSION The nomogram prediction model based on trauma history, triggers, ferritin, serum hs-CRP, and HDL-C levels can effectively predict the risk of SI in adolescent patients with depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chao Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu-Yuan Xu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ping Xian
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vente T. Antidepressant Prescribing Practices of Pediatric Palliative Care Providers. J Palliat Med 2024. [PMID: 38471104 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental health diagnoses can co-occur with complex medical illness in pediatric patients. Pediatricians may not feel comfortable with managing psychopharmacology for patients and access to child psychiatrists can be limited. Palliative care (PC) providers follow patients with serious illness longitudinally to address burdensome symptoms that affect quality of life and may be responsible for evaluation and treatment of mental health concerns; however, education in managing psychologic distress for pediatric palliative care (PPC) providers is limited. Objective: This study seeks to describe the antidepressant prescribing practices of PPC providers and describe their level of training and comfort in assessing for anxiety and depression and prescribing psychotropic medications. Methods: An electronic survey approved by the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine was distributed nationally to PPC providers. Results: A total of 58 providers responded to the survey (response rate 12.3%). Most reported prescribing a variety of antidepressants (79%). Very few used formal assessment tools to screen for depression (7%) or anxiety (16%). Less than a third of providers consulted child psychiatry before prescribing antidepressants (29%). More than half of providers (54.5%) had no formal training in assessment and treatment of anxiety and depression in pediatric patients. Despite this, many providers (70%) reported feeling comfortable in prescribing antidepressants while also endorsing interest in more training for behavioral health evaluation and treatment (82.5%). Conclusions: Limited training in assessing mental health concerns, prescribing, and managing psychopharmacology suggests an opportunity for more targeted education for pediatric PC providers regarding antidepressant prescribing practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vente
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahn-Horst RY, Bourgeois FT. Mental Health-Related Outpatient Visits Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 2006-2019. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e241468. [PMID: 38451523 PMCID: PMC10921253 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Concerns over the mental health of young people have been increasing over the past decade, especially with the rise in mental health burden seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining trends in mental health-related outpatient visits provides critical information to elucidate contributing factors, identify vulnerable populations, and inform strategies to address the mental health crisis. Objective To examine characteristics and trends in mental health-related outpatient visits and psychotropic medication use among US adolescents and young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual probability sample survey, was conducted from January 2006 to December 2019. Participants included adolescents (age 12-17 years) and young adults (age 18-24 years) with office-based outpatient visits in the US. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2023, to September 15, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Mental health-related outpatient visits were identified based on established sets of diagnostic codes for psychiatric disorders. Temporal trends in the annual proportion of mental health-related outpatient visits were assessed, including visits associated with use of psychotropic medications. Analyses were stratified by age and sex. Results From 2006 to 2019, there were an estimated 1.1 billion outpatient visits by adolescents and young adults, of which 145.0 million (13.1%) were associated with a mental health condition (mean [SD] age, 18.4 [3.5] years; 74.0 million females [51.0%]). Mental health-related diagnoses were more prevalent among visits by male (16.8%) compared with female (10.9%) patients (P < .001). This difference was most pronounced among young adults, with 20.1% of visits associated with a psychiatric diagnosis among males vs 10.1% among females (P < .001). The proportion of mental health-related visits nearly doubled, from 8.9% in 2006 to 16.9% in 2019 (P < .001). Among all outpatient visits, 17.2% were associated with the prescription of at least 1 psychotropic medication, with significant increases from 12.8% to 22.4% by 2019 (P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, there were substantial increases in mental health-related outpatient visits and use of psychotropic medications, with greater overall burden among male patients. These findings provide a baseline for understanding post-pandemic shifts and suggest that current treatment and prevention strategies will need to address preexisting psychiatric needs in addition to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Y. Ahn-Horst
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florence T. Bourgeois
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chua KP, Volerman A, Zhang J, Hua J, Conti RM. Antidepressant Dispensing to US Adolescents and Young Adults: 2016-2022. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023064245. [PMID: 38404197 PMCID: PMC10904889 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health worsened in adolescents and young adults after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in March 2020, but whether antidepressant dispensing to this population changed is unknown. METHODS We identified antidepressant prescriptions dispensed to US individuals aged 12 to 25 years from 2016 to 2022 using the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, an all-payer national database. The outcome was the monthly antidepressant dispensing rate, defined as the monthly number of individuals with ≥1 dispensed antidepressant prescription per 100 000 people. We fitted linear segmented regression models assessing for level or slope changes during March 2020 and conducted subgroup analyses by sex and age group. RESULTS Between January 2016 and December 2022, the monthly antidepressant dispensing rate increased 66.3%, from 2575.9 to 4284.8. Before March 2020, this rate increased by 17.0 per month (95% confidence interval: 15.2 to 18.8). The COVID-19 outbreak was not associated with a level change but was associated with a slope increase of 10.8 per month (95% confidence interval: 4.9 to 16.7). The monthly antidepressant dispensing rate increased 63.5% faster from March 2020 onwards compared with beforehand. In subgroup analyses, this rate increased 129.6% and 56.5% faster from March 2020 onwards compared with beforehand among females aged 12 to 17 years and 18 to 25 years, respectively. In contrast, the outbreak was associated with a level decrease among males aged 12 to 17 years and was not associated with a level or slope change among males aged 18 to 25 years. CONCLUSIONS Antidepressant dispensing to adolescents and young adults was rising before the COVID-19 outbreak and rose 63.5% faster afterward. This change was driven by increased antidepressant dispensing to females and occurred despite decreased dispensing to male adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Ping Chua
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna Volerman
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason Zhang
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joanna Hua
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rena M. Conti
- Department of Markets, Public Policy, and Law, Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marshall RD, Bailey J, Lin A, Sheridan DC, Hendrickson RG, Hughes A, Horowitz BZ. Impact of social media "challenges" on poison center case volume for intentional ingestions among school-aged children: an observational study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024; 62:183-189. [PMID: 38587109 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2331064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health problems among youth have escalated over the past decade, with increased rates of self-harm, including suicide attempts by ingestion. Social media use has been linked to youth mental health, including "challenges" urging youth to ingest substances for recreational and other purposes. We hypothesized that social media challenges for particular substances would temporally correspond with increased ingestions of these substances. METHODS We identified peak Google Trends search times for social media ingestion challenges involving diphenhydramine, laundry pods, nutmeg, and cinnamon, and used data from America's Poison Centers National Poison Data System to plot reported ingestions 3 months before and after peak searches in school-aged children. RESULTS There were 2,169 individuals in the analysis. Diphenhydramine was the most frequently reported ingestion for misuse/abuse and suicidal purposes (n = 266 and 1,609, respectively). For all ingestions together, 45 percent (n = 979) had a moderate health effect, and 6.35 percent (n = 137) had a major health effect. Time of peak searches corresponded with increased ingestions for each substance. DISCUSSION We found a temporal relationship between peak Google Trends searches for ingestion challenges and ingestions of that substance reported to United States poison centers. Compared to misuse/abuse ingestions, most suicidal ingestions peaked 1-2 months later, suggesting a public health opportunity for intervention. LIMITATIONS This retrospective observational study does not establish causal effect. All data are a result of self-reporting of the exposures, which may lead to a reporting bias. Google Trends is not the only search engine and likely underestimates the true incidence of social media posts. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed on the relationship between social media and youth mental health, particularly around "challenges" that place youths' health at risk. There may be opportunities for intervention to decrease medical and mental health sequelae of these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, OR Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jessica Bailey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amber Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David C Sheridan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert G Hendrickson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Poison Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adrienne Hughes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Poison Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - B Zane Horowitz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Poison Center, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Darling AM, Dominguez CM, Skow RJ, Mogle J, Saunders EFH, Fadel PJ, Greaney JL. Cardiac autonomic function is preserved in young adults with major depressive disorder. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H648-H654. [PMID: 38214903 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00762.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is highest in young adults and contributes to an increased risk of developing future cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The studies examining cardiac autonomic function that have included young unmedicated adults with MDD report equivocal findings, and few have considered the potential influence of disease severity or duration. We hypothesized that heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) would be reduced in young unmedicated adults with MDD (18-30 yr old) compared with healthy nondepressed young adults (HA). We further hypothesized that greater symptom severity would be related to poorer cardiac autonomic function in young adults with MDD. Heart rate and beat-to-beat blood pressure were continuously recorded during 10 min of supine rest to assess HRV and cardiac BRS in 28 HA (17 female, 22 ± 3 yr old) and 37 adults with MDD experiencing current symptoms of mild-to-moderate severity (unmedicated; 28 female, 20 ± 3 yr old). Neither HRV [root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD): 63 ± 34 HA vs. 79 ± 36 ms MDD; P = 0.14] nor cardiac BRS (overall gain, 21 ± 10 HA vs. 23 ± 7 ms/mmHg MDD; P = 0.59) were different between groups. In young adults with MDD, there was no association between current depressive symptom severity and either HRV (RMSSD, R2 = 0.004, P = 0.73) or cardiac BRS (overall gain, R2 = 0.02, P = 0.85). Taken together, these data suggest that cardiac autonomic dysfunction may not contribute to elevated cardiovascular risk factor profiles in young unmedicated adults with MDD of mild-to-moderate severity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigated cardiac autonomic function in young unmedicated adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). The results demonstrated that both heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity were preserved in young unmedicated adults with MDD compared with healthy nondepressed young adults. Furthermore, in young adults with MDD, current depressive symptom severity was not associated with any indices of cardiac autonomic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Darling
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Cynthia M Dominguez
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Rachel J Skow
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
| | - Erika F H Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
| | - Jody L Greaney
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hammond CJ, Hyer JM, Boustead AE, Fristad MA, Steelesmith DL, Brock GN, Hasin DS, Fontanella CA. Association Between Marijuana Laws and Suicide Among 12- to 25-Year-Olds in the United States From 2000 to 2019. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:345-354. [PMID: 37385585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabis use is associated with suicide-related outcomes in both adolescents and adults, and may be increasing amid shifting cannabis policies. However, little is known about the impact of medical marijuana legalization (MML) and recreational marijuana legalization (RML) policies on youth suicide. Using 20 years of national data, we examined associations between MML, RML, and suicide-related mortality among US individuals aged 12 to 25 years, and assessed whether they varied based on age and sex. METHOD Suicide deaths (N = 113,512) from the 2000-2019 National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death files for age groups 12 to 13, 14 to 16, 17 to 19, 20 to 22, and 23 to 25 years were examined in relation to time-varying cannabis law status using a staggered adoption difference-in-difference (DiD) approach with a negative binomial regression to determine associations between MML, RML, and suicide rates, controlling for individual- and state-level covariates and accounting for the varying effective dates of MML and RML by state. RESULTS The overall unadjusted annual suicide rate was 10.93/100,000, varying from 9.76 (states without marijuana laws (ML)) to 12.78 (MML states) to 16.68 (RML states). In multivariable analysis, both MML (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15) and RML (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27) were associated with higher suicide rates among female youth compared to those in states without ML. Youth aged 14 to 16 years had higher rates of suicide in states with RML compared to states with MML (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30) and states without ML (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20). Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION MML and RML were associated with increased suicide-related mortality in female youth and 14- to- 16-year-old individuals of both sexes. Mechanisms through which cannabis policies are related to increased youth suicide warrant further study and should inform legislative reform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Madison Hyer
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Mary A Fristad
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Guy N Brock
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
| | - Cynthia A Fontanella
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gearing RE, Brewer KB, Washburn M, Yu M, de la Cruz PI, Garcia Andres A, Torres LR. Mental health help-seeking in Mexico. Glob Health Promot 2024; 31:55-64. [PMID: 37888755 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231204357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Most people in need of mental health services in Mexico do not seek formal support or professional services to address their mental health needs. Understanding help-seeking behaviors is crucial to addressing underutilized mental health services and to leverage health promotion efforts. Data were collected as part of a larger research project on stigma and help-seeking for mental-health-related concerns in Mexico. A convenience sample of 469 adults residing in Mexico City participated in the study using an experimental vignette methodology assessing stigma toward individuals with mental health conditions, along with characteristics and demographic correlates of help-seeking. All survey measures were administered in Spanish. A structural regression was conducted for the outcome 'openness to professional help seeking for mental health problems' as a latent variable. Compared with males, females were more open to professional help seeking (b = 0.09, p = 0.038), as were people who endorsed higher spirituality (b = 0.01, p = 0.006); while people who experienced self-stigma were less open to professional help-seeking for mental health concerns (b = -0.15, p = 0.005). Self-stigma was a major driver of low service utilization. Contrary to previous studies, spirituality was a significant positive predictor of professional help-seeking. A more nuanced understanding of mental health help-seeking in Mexico can be useful for outreach efforts to increase service utilization both in Mexico and among Latinos in the United States (US). Given historical, geographic, and cultural ties with the US, it is important to understand mental health help-seeking in Mexico, which may relate directly to help-seeking behaviors in many US Latinos who have immigrated to the US. Directions for future research and practice implications are discussed, including a roadmap for health promotion activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin E Gearing
- University of Houston Graduate College of Social Work, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryne B Brewer
- University of New Hampshire Department of Social Work, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Micki Washburn
- University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Miao Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington School of Social Work, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Pedro Isnardo de la Cruz
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Escuela, Nacional de Trabajo Social, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Luis R Torres
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Social Work, Edinburg, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tervo-Clemmens B, Gilman JM, Evins AE, Bentley KH, Nock MK, Smoller JW, Schuster RM. Substance Use, Suicidal Thoughts, and Psychiatric Comorbidities Among High School Students. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:310-313. [PMID: 38285470 PMCID: PMC10825781 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluates the dose-dependent association between alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine use and psychiatric symptoms among participants in the Substance Use and Risk Factor Survey and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodi M. Gilman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - A. Eden Evins
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Kate H. Bentley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Randi M. Schuster
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fitch MI. Editorial: Reproductive health and mental health in LMICs: adolescent health. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 6:1383170. [PMID: 38496789 PMCID: PMC10940534 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1383170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret I. Fitch
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bell DR, Renner MN, Hernandez MI, Biese KM, Adler S, Srygler E. Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of How Youth Sport Specialization Impacts Workload. Sports Health 2024:19417381241231589. [PMID: 38406877 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241231589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth sport specialization is a growing trend in youth sports and is associated with an increased risk of injuries and burnout. However, it is unknown how sport specialization is perceived to be affecting the working environment of secondary school athletic trainers (ATs). The purpose of this paper is to describe how ATs perceive youth sport specialization impacting their workload and whether they perceive it to impact patient safety. HYPOTHESIS ATs will perceive that youth sport specialization impacts their workload and could impact patient safety. STUDY DESIGN A sequential, explanatory mixed methods design with 2 phases: (1) cross-sectional surveys and (2) individual interviews. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 487 secondary school ATs completed the online survey (access rate, 8.4%; completion rate, 85.4%). The survey consisted of Likert questions and included sections about aspects of workload impacted by specialization, impacts on patient safety, demographics. Ten participants were selected to complete a semi-structured interview via video conference. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds of ATs perceive that sport specialization impacts their workload. (Somewhat, 38.6%; Quite a bit, 25.5%; A great deal, 5.5%) Attempts to reduce or modify patient activity and a patient's time for rehabilitation were the highest rated aspects of workload impacted by sport specialization. Approximately 30% ATs (29.9%) perceive that sport specialization impacts their workload to where it may influence patient safety (Somewhat, 21.6%; Quite a bit, 6.4%; A great deal, 1.9%). Three themes and subsequent subthemes were identified from the qualitative interviews: (1) current youth sport expectations, (2) conflict between school and club sports, and (3) AT job impacts. CONCLUSION Secondary school ATs perceive their workload to be negatively impacted by youth sport specialization and some believe it may impact patient safety. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Youth sport specialization is impacting youth sport stakeholders, including ATs, in a variety of ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Madison N Renner
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Kevin M Biese
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin
| | - Stephanie Adler
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emily Srygler
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Wisconsin Injury in Sport Laboratory, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Potrebny T, Nilsen SA, Bakken A, von Soest T, Kvaløy K, Samdal O, Sivertsen B, Aase H, Bang L. Secular trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway: a review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4. [PMID: 38363391 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing concern that the mental health of recent generations of youth is deteriorating, yet the etiology of these secular changes is not fully understood. We aimed to review the evidence on trends in mental health problems among young people in Norway. Seven large-scale repeated cross-sectional studies were included in this study, comprising 35 cross-sectional data collections between 1992 and 2019, with a total sample of 776,606 young people. Our study found a clear increase in mental health problems among young females in Norway over the past few decades, while the trends were less marked for males. The proportion of individuals scoring above the problematic symptom score threshold increased on average by 11.2% (range 2.2% to 21.9%) for females and 5.2% (range - 0.9% to 11.1%) for males, based on data from the individual studies. The results from a meta-regression analysis showed that across all surveys, mean symptom scores increased by 17% (95% CI 12 to 21%) among females and 5% (95% CI 1 to 9%) among males from 1992 to 2019. Overall, mental health problems have increased continually since the early 1990s among young people, especially among young females. The cause of these secular changes remains unknown but likely reflect the interplay of several factors at the individual and societal level.Protocol registration: Open science framework, November 8, 2021 ( https://osf.io/g7w3v ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Potrebny
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Bakken
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsti Kvaløy
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Bang
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xiang Y, Cao R, Li X. Parental education level and adolescent depression: A multi-country meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:645-655. [PMID: 38008290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent depression, as a common problem, has always been the focus of attention and research. However, no consistent conclusion has been drawn on its relationship with parental education level. Therefore, this study used meta-analysis and dose-response analysis techniques to explore the overall relationship between the two, and further explore the moderating factors affecting the relationship between the two through subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. After a literature search and screening, a total of 22 literatures were included, including 634,821 adolescents aged 9-25, distributed in 10 countries. The results showed that: (1) Overall parental education level was negatively correlated with adolescent depressive symptoms (RR = 0.88. p < 0.001), and there was a dose-response relationship between the two. (2) Geographical location (p = 0.002 < 0.05) and national economic development (p = 0.03 < 0.05) significantly moderated and affected the association between parental education level and adolescent depression, thus presenting a global inconsistency. The results of this study provide a more accurate conclusion on the relationship between parental education and adolescent depression to some extent, highlight the importance and necessity of considering family, economic and cultural factors when studying and solving adolescent depression problems, and guide us to pay more attention to the cross-regional and cross-cultural differences in adolescent depression problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan and Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Cao
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan and Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Tao Xingzhi Research Institute, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gu M, Wen M, Wu D, Xie T, Wang X. Independent associations of education, intelligence, and cognition with gastrointestinal diseases and the mediating effects of risk factors: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1342358. [PMID: 38410751 PMCID: PMC10894976 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Education, intelligence and cognition affect occupational performance and socioeconomic status and may influence virous diseases development. However, the impact of these factors on gastrointestinal diseases and their mediating risk factors remains unclear. Methods We utilized genome-wide association studies from European ancestry populations to perform two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, aiming to estimate genetic instruments associated with education, intelligence, or cognition in relation to 24 gastrointestinal diseases Subsequently, we evaluated 14 potential mediators of this association and calculated the corresponding mediated proportions through two-step Mendelian randomization analyses. Result As the dominant factor in gastrointestinal diseases, education had a statistically significant association with 2 gastrointestinal diseases (acute pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux) and a suggestive association with 6 diseases (cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer). Of the 14 mediators, smoking and adiposity traits played a major role in mediating the effects. Conclusion The study demonstrated the causal, independent impact of education on specific gastrointestinal diseases. Smoking and adiposity traits emerged as primary mediators, illuminating potential avenues for targeted interventions for prevention of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Peake E, Miller I, Flannery J, Chen L, Lake J, Padmanabhan A. Preliminary Efficacy of a Digital Intervention for Adolescent Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48467. [PMID: 38324367 PMCID: PMC10882470 DOI: 10.2196/48467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent depression is a significant public health concern; however, access to effective mental health care is limited. Digital therapeutics (DTx) can improve access to evidence-based interventions; however, their efficacy in adolescents is sparsely documented. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the efficacy of a mobile app DTx versus an active control as an adjunct treatment for adolescent depression symptoms. METHODS An internet-based open-label randomized control trial was conducted nationwide with a partial crossover design, and 168 adolescents aged 13 to 21 years with symptoms of depression were recruited between November 2020 and September 2021. Participants were randomized (1:1) to the cognitive behavioral therapy-based treatment app (Spark) or to a psychoeducational control app (control), which they would use for a duration of 5 weeks. The primary outcome was a between-group (Spark vs control) difference in the change in depression symptoms from baseline to postintervention, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) using a linear mixed-effects analysis. The PHQ-8 ranges from 0 to 24, with scores of 5 to 9 indicating mild depression symptoms, scores of 10 to 14 indicating moderate symptoms, scores of 15 to 19 indicating moderately severe symptoms, and scores of 20 to 24 indicating severe symptoms. A minimal clinically important difference (5-point reduction between baseline and postintervention) in the Spark arm and group differences in remission and treatment response rates based on the PHQ-8 at postintervention were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 160 participants were randomized, 80 in the Spark arm (mean age 16.89, SD 2.5 y) and 80 in the control arm (mean age 16.79, SD 2.59 y). Data from 121 participants (Spark: n=63; control: n=58) with moderate to severe (PHQ-8≥10) symptoms at baseline were included in the primary analyses following a modified intention-to-treat principle. A linear mixed-effect analysis revealed a nonsignificant difference between the study arms in depression symptom change over the intervention period. The Spark arm met a minimal clinically important difference threshold (mean -5.08, 95% CI -6.72 to -3.42). The remission rate in the Spark arm was significantly higher than that in the control arm (11/63, 17% vs 2/58, 3%; χ21=6.2; P=.01; false discovery rate-adjusted P=.03). The treatment response rates were not significantly different between the study arms (P=.07; false discovery rate-adjusted P=.16). Post hoc analyses including participants with mild to severe (PHQ-8 score ≥5) symptoms at baseline revealed promising evidence that Spark is effective in those with mild to severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS There is initial evidence that a self-guided, cognitive behavioral therapy-based DTx intervention may effectively treat mild to severe depression symptoms in adolescents. DTx may improve access to mental health care for adolescents or serve as an important adjunct to the standard of care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04524598; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04524598.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Peake
- Limbix Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ian Miller
- Limbix Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Digital Medicine Society, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Flannery
- Limbix Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Akili, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Unit, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Lake
- Limbix Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Aarthi Padmanabhan
- Limbix Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Big Health Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mortazavi R, Grudin R, Jarbin H, Larsson I. Empowered and engaged: Group exercise for adolescent depression - perspectives from adolescents, parents and healthcare professionals. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231225340. [PMID: 38313468 PMCID: PMC10838026 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231225340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Depression is increasing and is a leading cause of disease burden among adolescents. Available evidence-based treatments with medication or psychotherapy have modest effects. Aerobic exercise is a hopeful alternative as an augmenter or a stand-alone treatment. Qualitative studies have shown that participants in group exercise for adolescent depression experienced improved mood and a sense of achievement, commitment and empowerment. This study aimed to explore not only adolescents' but also parents' and healthcare professionals' experiences of a group exercise intervention for adolescents with depression. Methods Nine adolescents who had participated in a group aerobic exercise intervention for 12 weeks, eight parents and two healthcare professionals were interviewed. We used a latent qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach that resulted in nine sub-categories, three categories and an overarching theme. Results The experiences of a group exercise intervention for adolescents with depression were expressed in the overarching theme 'Group exercise for adolescent depression promotes empowerment and engagement in everyday life', based on three categories: exercise alleviates depressive symptoms, exercise contributes to balance in life and exercise promotes self-esteem. However, there was variation in our results, in that not all participants experienced improvements from exercising. Adolescents described more varied experiences, while parents and healthcare professionals mainly expressed positive views. Conclusions Our findings suggest that group exercise for adolescent depression promotes empowerment and engagement in everyday life, according to adolescents, and more clearly so according to parents and healthcare professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mortazavi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Grudin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Jarbin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Region Halland, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Health and Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sorter M, Stark LJ, Glauser T, McClure J, Pestian J, Junger K, Cheng TL. Addressing the Pediatric Mental Health Crisis: Moving from a Reactive to a Proactive System of Care. J Pediatr 2024; 265:113479. [PMID: 37182659 PMCID: PMC10181869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sorter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lori J Stark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tracy Glauser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jessica McClure
- Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - John Pestian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Katherine Junger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tina L Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dong F. The association of adverse family experiences, physical activity, and depression in a national sample of US adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12444. [PMID: 38059546 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEMS Sufficient engagement in physical activity could foster resilience in adolescents and help alleviate the impact of adverse family experiences (AFEs), such as depression. However, the association between cumulative AFEs exposure, physical activity, and depression remains unclear. The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between AFEs and adolescent depression and whether physical activity moderates this relationship. METHODS Secondary analyses were conducted on 29,617 adolescents aged 12-17 years from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship among AFEs, child depression, and physical activity. Covariates include individual-level, social-level, and societal-level factors. FINDINGS This study reveals that 7.3% of US adolescents had a depression diagnosis. The odds of having a depression diagnosis among US children were 1.6 times (adjusted OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.37-1.86) greater for adolescents with one type of AFEs, and 3.4 times greater (adjusted OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.78-4.13) for adolescents with three or more AFEs, compared with children living without AFEs. Physical activity for 1-3 days per week remained a significant, substantial protector of childhood depression among children with at least one type of AFEs (adjusted OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.87). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a clinical concern for adolescents with more AFEs. Trauma-informed care to address multiple types of trauma and physical activity interventions to reduce depression symptoms may be particularly important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghong Dong
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Price GD, Heinz MV, Collins AC, Jacobson NC. Detecting major depressive disorder presence using passively-collected wearable movement data in a nationally-representative sample. Psychiatry Res 2024; 332:115693. [PMID: 38194801 PMCID: PMC10983118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder, resulting in challenges with early detection. However, changes in sleep and movement patterns may help improve detection. Thus, this study aimed to explore the utility of wrist-worn actigraphy data in combination with machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques to detect MDD using a commonly used screening method: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants (N = 8,378; MDD Screening = 766 participants) completed the and wore Actigraph GT3X+ for one week as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Leveraging minute-level, actigraphy data, we evaluated the efficacy of two commonly used ML approaches and identified actigraphy-derived biomarkers indicative of MDD. We employed two ML modeling strategies: (1) a traditional ML approach with theory-driven feature derivation, and (2) a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, coupled with gramian angular field transformation. Findings revealed movement-related features to be the most influential in the traditional ML approach and nighttime movement to be the most influential in the CNN approach for detecting MDD. Using a large, nationally-representative sample, this study highlights the potential of using passively-collected, actigraphy data for understanding MDD to better improve diagnosing and treating MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George D Price
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.
| | - Michael V Heinz
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Amanda C Collins
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kercher A, Beattie S, Donkin L, Shepherd D. Distress, waitlists and unmet needs: parents' reports of child psychological difficulties in Aotearoa New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100120. [PMID: 38215533 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Demand for children's mental health services has increased in New Zealand, yet little is known of young children's experience of psychological difficulties and treatment. This study investigated psychological symptoms and treatment experiences among primary-aged children. METHOD An online survey of parents assessed children's anxiety, depression, attentional, emotional, conduct and peer problems, and experiences seeking psychological treatment. RESULTS Based on 382 parental reports, between 24.9 and 34.6% of children experienced abnormal-range symptoms. Older children had higher distress, depression, and anxiety. Boys had more conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems. Ethnicity was not associated with the incidence of symptoms, but parents of Pākeha/European children reported greater impact than Māori parents. One-third of children had been referred for assessment; more often older children, and those with higher hyperactivity, impact, and anxiety. Parents reported difficulties accessing assessment, common barriers included waitlists (53%), cost (43%), and not knowing who to contact (36%). Following intervention, only 51% of parents reported improvements. CONCLUSION NZ primary-aged children are experiencing more symptoms of psychological distress than previously reported and extensive difficulties accessing treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH There is a need for further screening and increased access to treatment to prevent worsening mental health outcomes in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kercher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Seona Beattie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Liesje Donkin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Shepherd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|