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Shin MR, Kim MJ, Lee JA, Lee ES, Park HJ, Roh SS. Coix Sprouts Affect Triglyceride Metabolism in Huh7 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2024; 27:728-739. [PMID: 38808469 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipolysis is the hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs), commonly known as fats. Intracellular lipolysis of TG is associated with adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which provides fatty acids during times of metabolic need. The aim of this study was to determine whether Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf (Coix) sprouts (CS) can alleviate obesity through lipolysis. Overall, we investigated the potential of CS under in vitro and in vivo conditions and confirmed the underlying mechanisms. Huh7 cells were exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs), and C57BL/6J mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet. When FFA were introduced into Huh7 cells, the intracellular TG levels increased within the Huh7 cells. However, CS treatment significantly reduced intracellular TG levels. Furthermore, CS decreased the expression of Pparγ and Srebp1c mRNA and downregulated the mutant Pnpla3 (I148M) mRNA. Notably, CS significantly upregulated ATGL expression. CS treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in body weight gain and epididymal adipose tissue weight. Specifically, the group treated with CS (200 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant modulation of serum lipid biomarkers. In addition, CS ameliorated histological alterations in both the liver and adipose tissues. In summary, CS efficiently inhibited lipid accumulation through the activation of the lipolytic enzyme ATGL coupled with the suppression of enzymes involved in TG synthesis. Consequently, CS show promise as a potential anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin A Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Song Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- DHU Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xie X, Liu Y, Yang Q, Ma X, Lu Y, Hu Y, Zhang G, Ke L, Tong Z, Liu Y, Xue J, Lu G, Li W. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase-Mediated Adipocyte Lipolysis Exacerbates Acute Pancreatitis Severity in Mouse Models and Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1494-1510. [PMID: 38705384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipolysis of adipocytes plays a critical role in various diseases. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a rate-limiting enzyme in adipocyte autonomous lipolysis. However, the degree of adipocyte lipolysis related to the prognoses in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the pathogenesis of AP remain elusive. Herein, the visceral adipose tissue consumption rate in the acute stage was measured in both patients with AP and mouse models. Lipolysis levels and ATGL expression were detected in cerulein-induced AP models. CL316,243, a lipolysis stimulator, and adipose tissue-specific ATGL knockout mice were used to further investigate the role of lipolysis in AP. The ATGL-specific inhibitor, atglistatin, was used in C57Bl/6N and ob/ob AP models. This study indicated that increased visceral adipose tissue consumption rate in the acute phase was independently associated with adverse prognoses in patients with AP, which was validated in mouse AP models. Lipolysis of adipocytes was elevated in AP mice. Stimulation of lipolysis aggravated AP. Genetic blockage of ATGL specifically in adipocytes alleviated the damage to AP. The application of atglistatin effectively protected against AP in both lean and obese mice. These findings demonstrated that ATGL-mediated adipocyte lipolysis exacerbates AP and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ATGL as a drug target for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepeng Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Yan E, Tan M, Jiao N, He L, Wan B, Zhang X, Yin J. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation levels determined adipogenesis and fat accumulation in adipose tissue in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:99. [PMID: 38992763 PMCID: PMC11242017 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive backfat deposition lowering carcass grade is a major concern in the pig industry, especially in most breeds of obese type pigs. The mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and fat accumulation in pigs remain unclear. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), is a novel protein post-translational modification (PTM), which play an important role in transcription, energy metabolism and metastasis of cancer cells, but its role in adipogenesis and fat accumulation has not been shown. RESULTS In this study, we first analyzed the modification levels of acetylation (Kac), Khib, crotonylation (Kcr) and succinylation (Ksu) of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), myogenic precursors (Myo) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with varied differentiation potential, and found that only Khib modification in FAPs was significantly higher than that in MSCs. Consistently, in parallel with its regulatory enzymes lysine acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) protein levels, the Khib levels increased quadratically (P < 0.01) during adipogenic differentiation of FAPs. KAT5 knockdown in FAPs inhibited adipogenic differentiation, while HDAC2 knockdown enhanced adipogenic differentiation. We also demonstrated that Khib modification favored to adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation by comparing Khib levels in FAPs and backfat tissues both derived from obese-type pigs (Laiwu pigs) and lean-type pigs (Duroc pigs), respectively. Accordingly, the expression patterns of KAT5 and HDAC2 matched well to the degree of backfat accumulation in obese- and lean-type pigs. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of protein translational modification, we are the first to reveal the role of Khib in adipogenesis and fat deposition in pigs, and provided new clues for the improvement of fat accumulation and distribution as expected via genetic selection and nutritional strategy in obese-type pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingyang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Boyang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Beijing, 100193, China.
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Regmi A, Aihara E, Christe ME, Varga G, Beyer TP, Ruan X, Beebe E, O'Farrell LS, Bellinger MA, Austin AK, Lin Y, Hu H, Konkol DL, Wojnicki S, Holland AK, Friedrich JL, Brown RA, Estelle AS, Badger HS, Gaidosh GS, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN, Coskun T, Thomas MK, Roell W. Tirzepatide modulates the regulation of adipocyte nutrient metabolism through long-acting activation of the GIP receptor. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1534-1549.e7. [PMID: 38878772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GIPR/GLP-1R) agonist, has, in clinical trials, demonstrated greater reductions in glucose, body weight, and triglyceride levels compared with selective GLP-1R agonists in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, cellular mechanisms by which GIPR agonism may contribute to these improved efficacy outcomes have not been fully defined. Using human adipocyte and mouse models, we investigated how long-acting GIPR agonists regulate fasted and fed adipocyte functions. In functional assays, GIPR agonism enhanced insulin signaling, augmented glucose uptake, and increased the conversion of glucose to glycerol in a cooperative manner with insulin; however, in the absence of insulin, GIPR agonists increased lipolysis. In diet-induced obese mice treated with a long-acting GIPR agonist, circulating triglyceride levels were reduced during oral lipid challenge, and lipoprotein-derived fatty acid uptake into adipose tissue was increased. Our findings support a model for long-acting GIPR agonists to modulate both fasted and fed adipose tissue function differentially by cooperating with insulin to augment glucose and lipid clearance in the fed state while enhancing lipid release when insulin levels are reduced in the fasted state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Regmi
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | - Gabor Varga
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Beebe
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yanzhu Lin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Haitao Hu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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Yang S, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zou S, Zhang D, Yang X. Molecular Regulation of Thermogenic Mechanisms in Beige Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6303. [PMID: 38928011 PMCID: PMC11203837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is conventionally recognized as a metabolic organ responsible for storing energy. However, a proportion of adipose tissue also functions as a thermogenic organ, contributing to the inhibition of weight gain and prevention of metabolic diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of thermogenic fats, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT). Despite this progress, the mechanism underlying thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue remains highly controversial. It is widely acknowledged that beige adipose tissue has three additional thermogenic mechanisms in addition to the conventional UCP1-dependent thermogenesis: Ca2+ cycling thermogenesis, creatine substrate cycling thermogenesis, and triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling thermogenesis. This paper delves into these three mechanisms and reviews the latest advancements in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis from the molecular genetic perspective. The objective of this review is to provide readers with a foundation of knowledge regarding the beige fats and a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of this process, which may lead to the development of new strategies for maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Rongru Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuanlu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuoya Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
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6
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Abdisa KB, Szerdahelyi E, Molnár MA, Friedrich L, Lakner Z, Koris A, Toth A, Nath A. Metabolic Syndrome and Biotherapeutic Activity of Dairy (Cow and Buffalo) Milk Proteins and Peptides: Fast Food-Induced Obesity Perspective-A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:478. [PMID: 38672494 PMCID: PMC11048494 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by the outcome of interconnected metabolic factors that directly increase the prevalence of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Currently, obesity is considered one of the most relevant topics of discussion because an epidemic heave of the incidence of obesity in both developing and underdeveloped countries has been reached. According to the World Obesity Atlas 2023 report, 38% of the world population are presently either obese or overweight. One of the causes of obesity is an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure, where nutritional imbalance due to consumption of high-calorie fast foods play a pivotal role. The dynamic interactions among different risk factors of obesity are highly complex; however, the underpinnings of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia for obesity incidence are recognized. Fast foods, primarily composed of soluble carbohydrates, non-nutritive artificial sweeteners, saturated fats, and complexes of macronutrients (protein-carbohydrate, starch-lipid, starch-lipid-protein) provide high metabolic calories. Several experimental studies have pointed out that dairy proteins and peptides may modulate the activities of risk factors of obesity. To justify the results precisely, peptides from dairy milk proteins were synthesized under in vitro conditions and their contributions to biomarkers of obesity were assessed. Comprehensive information about the impact of proteins and peptides from dairy milks on fast food-induced obesity is presented in this narrative review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenbon Beyene Abdisa
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Emőke Szerdahelyi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Somlói út 14-16, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - László Friedrich
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 43-45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lakner
- Department of Agricultural Business and Economics, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond út 22, HU-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
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7
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Azevedo-Martins AK, Santos MP, Abayomi J, Ferreira NJR, Evangelista FS. The Impact of Excessive Fructose Intake on Adipose Tissue and the Development of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38612973 PMCID: PMC11013923 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, childhood obesity cases continue to rise, and its prevalence is known to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases typically found in adults, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, comprehending its multiple causes to build healthier approaches and revert this scenario is urgent. Obesity development is strongly associated with high fructose intake since the excessive consumption of this highly lipogenic sugar leads to white fat accumulation and causes white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated adipokine release. Unfortunately, the global consumption of fructose has increased dramatically in recent years, which is associated with the fact that fructose is not always evident to consumers, as it is commonly added as a sweetener in food and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Therefore, here, we discuss the impact of excessive fructose intake on adipose tissue biology, its contribution to childhood obesity, and current strategies for reducing high fructose and/or free sugar intake. To achieve such reductions, we conclude that it is important that the population has access to reliable information about food ingredients via food labels. Consumers also need scientific education to understand potential health risks to themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karenina Azevedo-Martins
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Matheus Pedro Santos
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Natália Juliana Ramos Ferreira
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Fabiana S. Evangelista
- Group of Study in Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil; (M.P.S.); (N.J.R.F.); (F.S.E.)
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8
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Jussila A, Zhang B, Kirti S, Atit R. Tissue fibrosis associated depletion of lipid-filled cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15054. [PMID: 38519432 PMCID: PMC10977660 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is primarily described as the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but in many tissues it also involves a loss of lipid or lipid-filled cells. Lipid-filled cells are critical to tissue function and integrity in many tissues including the skin and lungs. Thus, loss or depletion of lipid-filled cells during fibrogenesis, has implications for tissue function. In some contexts, lipid-filled cells can impact ECM composition and stability, highlighting their importance in fibrotic transformation. Recent papers in fibrosis address this newly recognized fibrotic lipodystrophy phenomenon. Even in disparate tissues, common mechanisms are emerging to explain fibrotic lipodystrophy. These findings have implications for fibrosis in tissues composed of fibroblast and lipid-filled cell populations such as skin, lung, and liver. In this review, we will discuss the roles of lipid-containing cells, their reduction/loss during fibrotic transformation, and the mechanisms of that loss in the skin and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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9
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Narayanasamy R, Usharani D, Rajasekharan R. Elucidating the functional role of human ABHD16B lipase in regulating triacylglycerol mobilization and membrane lipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105353. [PMID: 37944658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential biological macromolecules that play a pivotal role in various physiological processes and cellular homeostasis. ABHD16B, a member of the α/β-hydrolase domain (ABHD) superfamily protein, has emerged as a potential key regulator in lipid metabolism. However, the precise role of human ABHD16B in lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we reported the overexpression of ABHD16B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine its physiological relevance in lipid metabolism. Through in vivo [14C]acetate labeling experiments, we observed that overexpression of ABHD16B causes a decrease in cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and a concurrent increase in phospholipid synthesis in wild-type cells. Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis further corroborated these findings, showing a significant decrease in TAGs with a carbon chain length of 48 and an increase in major phospholipid species, specifically 34:2, upon overexpression of ABHD16B. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed a reduction in the number of lipid droplets in strains overexpressing ABHD16B, consistent with the observed decrease in neutral lipids. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis indicated a high phospholipid synthetic activity of ABHD16B and a potential decrease in TAG levels in wild-type yeast, possibly due to upregulation of endogenous TAG hydrolytic enzymes, as confirmed using 3tglsΔ mutant strain. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed significant modifications in fatty acid composition upon ABHD16B overexpression. Collectively, our results underscore the influence of ABHD16B overexpression on TAG levels, phospholipid synthesis, lipid droplet dynamics, and fatty acid composition. These findings reveal a complex interplay between TAG hydrolysis and phospholipid synthesis, highlighting the critical involvement of ABHD16B in lipid homeostasis and providing further insights into its regulatory function in cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Narayanasamy
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610005, India.
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Li Z, Zhang G, Pan K, Niu X, Shu-Chien AC, Chen T, Zhang X, Wu X. Functional transcriptome reveals hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism during the molting cycle of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111474. [PMID: 37406959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean molting is highly related to energy and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to detect the changes of total lipids (TL), triacylglyceride (TAG), phospholipid (PL) and lipid droplets in hepatopancreas, and then to investigate the gene expression patterns related to hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism during the molting cycle of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Hepatopancreatic TL and TAG increased significantly from post-molt stage to pre-molt stage, then decreased significantly from pre-molt stage to ecdysis stage, which is consistent to the changes of neutral lipid-rich adipocytes in hepatopancreas. By transcriptomic analysis, 65,325 transcripts were sequenced and assembled, and 28,033 transcripts were annotated. Most genes were related to energy metabolism, and the enriched genes were involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and biosynthesis, especially in de novo synthesis of fatty acids and TAG, and ketone body production. Compared to the inter-molt stages, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and other genes related to the synthesis of fatty acids were upregulated in the pre-molt stage. TAG synthesis related genes, including Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases, were upregulated in the post-molt stage compared to the inter-molt stage. The expression of ketone body-related genes had no significant changes during the molting cycle. Compared to the TAG synthetic pathway, ketone body biosynthesis may contribute less/secondarily to fatty acid metabolic processes, which could be involved in the other physiological processes or metabolism. In conclusion, these results showed that TAG is the major lipid deposition during inter- and pre-molt stages, and the most genes are related to the fatty acids and TAG metabolism in the hepatopancreas during the molting cycle of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbao Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kewu Pan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xingjian Niu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | | | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Eitan A, Gover O, Sulimani L, Meiri D, Schwartz B. The Effect of Orally Administered Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) on Obesity Parameters in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13797. [PMID: 37762099 PMCID: PMC10530777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cannabis users show a lower prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities. In rodent models, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) from the plant Cannabis sativa L. have shown anti-obesity properties, suggesting a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and obesity. However, the oral administration route has rarely been studied in this context. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged oral administration of pure THC and CBD on obesity-related parameters and peripheral endocannabinoids. C57BL/6 male mice were fed with either a high-fat or standard diet and then received oral treatment in ramping doses, namely 10 mg/kg of THC or CBD for 5 weeks followed by 30 mg/kg for an additional 5 weeks. Mice treated with THC had attenuated weight gain and improved glucose tolerance, followed by improvement in steatosis markers and decreased hypertrophic cells in adipose epididymal tissue. Mice treated with CBD had improved glucose tolerance and increased markers of lipid metabolism in adipose and liver tissues, but in contrast to THC, CBD had no effect on weight gain and steatosis markers. CBD exclusively decreased the level of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the liver. These data suggest that the prolonged oral consumption of THC, but not of CBD, ameliorates diet-induced obesity and metabolic parameters, possibly through a mechanism of adipose tissue adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Eitan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190401, Israel; (A.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Ofer Gover
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190401, Israel; (A.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Liron Sulimani
- Cannasoul Analytics, 9 Tarshish Industrial Park, Caesarea 3079822, Israel;
| | - David Meiri
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Cannabinoid Research, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190401, Israel; (A.E.); (O.G.)
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12
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Peng J, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu W, Zha Y, Gao S. Effects of ozone exposure on lipid metabolism in Huh-7 human hepatoma cells. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1222762. [PMID: 37521985 PMCID: PMC10374329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1222762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone pollution is a major environmental concern. According to recent epidemiological studies, ozone exposure increases the risk of metabolic liver disease. However, studies on the mechanisms underlying the effects of ozone exposure on hepatic oxidative damage, lipid synthesis, and catabolism are limited. In this study, Huh-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were randomly divided into five groups and exposed to 200 ppb O3 for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h. We measured the levels of oxidative stress and analyzed the changes in molecules related to lipid metabolism. The levels of oxidative stress were found to be significantly elevated in Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells after O3 exposure. Moreover, the expression levels of intracellular lipid synthases, including SREBP1, FASN, SCD1, and ACC1, were enhanced. Lipolytic enzymes, including ATGL and HSL, and the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidase, CPT1α, were inhibited after O3 exposure. In addition, short O3 exposure enhanced the expression of the intracellular peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidase, ACOX1; however, its expression decreased adaptively with longer exposure times. Overall, O3 exposure induces an increase in intracellular oxidative stress and disrupts the normal metabolism of lipids in hepatocytes, leading to intracellular lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Yejun Zha
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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13
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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14
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Sommerer Y, Dobricic V, Schilling M, Ohlei O, Sabet SS, Wesse T, Fuß J, Franzenburg S, Franke A, Parkkinen L, Lill CM, Bertram L. Entorhinal cortex epigenome-wide association study highlights four novel loci showing differential methylation in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:92. [PMID: 37149695 PMCID: PMC10163801 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on DNA methylation (DNAm) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have recently highlighted several genomic loci showing association with disease onset and progression. METHODS Here, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) using DNAm profiles in entorhinal cortex (EC) from 149 AD patients and control brains and combined these with two previously published EC datasets by meta-analysis (total n = 337). RESULTS We identified 12 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites showing epigenome-wide significant association with either case-control status or Braak's tau-staging. Four of these CpGs, located in proximity to CNFN/LIPE, TENT5A, PALD1/PRF1, and DIRAS1, represent novel findings. Integrating DNAm levels with RNA sequencing-based mRNA expression data generated in the same individuals showed significant DNAm-mRNA correlations for 6 of the 12 significant CpGs. Lastly, by calculating rates of epigenetic age acceleration using two recently proposed "epigenetic clock" estimators we found a significant association with accelerated epigenetic aging in the brains of AD patients vs. controls. CONCLUSION In summary, our study represents the hitherto most comprehensive EWAS in AD using EC and highlights several novel differentially methylated loci with potential effects on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Sommerer
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Haus V50, 1St Floor, Room 319, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Haus V50, 1St Floor, Room 319, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Haus V50, 1St Floor, Room 319, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olena Ohlei
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Haus V50, 1St Floor, Room 319, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sanaz Sedghpour Sabet
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tanja Wesse
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Fuß
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina M Lill
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Haus V50, 1St Floor, Room 319, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Haus V50, 1St Floor, Room 319, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Chen Y, Chen L, Wu X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Jiang D, Liu X, Zhou T, Li S, Wei Y, Liu Y, Hu C, Zhou B, Qin J, Ying H, Ding Q. Acute liver steatosis translationally controls the epigenetic regulator MIER1 to promote liver regeneration in a study with male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1521. [PMID: 36934083 PMCID: PMC10024732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The early phase lipid accumulation is essential for liver regeneration. However, whether this acute lipid accumulation can serve as signals to direct liver regeneration rather than simply providing building blocks for cell proliferation remains unclear. Through in vivo CRISPR screening, we identify MIER1 (mesoderm induction early response 1) as a key epigenetic regulator that bridges the acute lipid accumulation and cell cycle gene expression during liver regeneration in male animals. Physiologically, liver acute lipid accumulation induces the phosphorylation of EIF2S1(eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2), which consequently attenuated Mier1 translation. MIER1 downregulation in turn promotes cell cycle gene expression and regeneration through chromatin remodeling. Importantly, the lipids-EIF2S1-MIER1 pathway is impaired in animals with chronic liver steatosis; whereas MIER1 depletion significantly improves regeneration in these animals. Taken together, our studies identify an epigenetic mechanism by which the early phase lipid redistribution from adipose tissue to liver during regeneration impacts hepatocyte proliferation, and suggest a potential strategy to boost liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China.
| | - Lanlan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongxu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Dacheng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yuda Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Shandong, 276000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ben Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, P. R. China.
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16
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Microbe-Derived Antioxidants Alleviate Liver and Adipose Tissue Lipid Disorders and Metabolic Inflammation Induced by High Fat Diet in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043269. [PMID: 36834674 PMCID: PMC9965291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces lipodystrophy and metabolic inflammation. Microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) are novel small-molecule nutrients obtained from microbial fermentation, and have anti-oxidation, lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Whether MA can regulate obesity-induced lipodystrophy and metabolic inflammation has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MA on oxidative stress, lipid disorders, and metabolic inflammation in liver and epididymal adipose tissues (EAT) of mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Results showed that MA was able to reverse the HFD-induced increase in body weight, body fat rate and Lee's index in mice; reduce the fat content in serum, liver and EAT; and regulate the INS, LEP and resistin adipokines as well as free fatty acids to their normal levels. MA also reduced de novo synthesis of fat in the liver and EAT and promoted gene expression for lipolysis, fatty acid transport and β-oxidation. MA decreased TNF-α and MCP1 content in serum, elevated SOD activity in liver and EAT, induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 type, inhibited the NLRP3 pathway, increased gene expression of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-13 and suppressed gene expression of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α and MCP1, thereby attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation induced by HFD. In conclusion, MA can effectively reduce HFD-induced weight gain and alleviate obesity-induced oxidative stress, lipid disorders and metabolic inflammation in the liver and EAT, indicating that MA shows great promise as a functional food.
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17
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Chu DT, Bui NL, Le NH. Adrenoceptors and SCD1 in adipocytes/adipose tissues: The expression and variation in health and obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:311-332. [PMID: 36631196 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, considered a metabolic disorder, is one of the most significant health issues that the community has to cope with today. A rising number of studies have been conducted to find out promising genetic targets for obese treatment. The sympathetic nervous system was proven to possess remarkable roles in energy metabolism, including the stimulation of lipolysis as well as thermogenesis, via distinct adrenoceptors appearing on the membrane of adipocyte. A decrease of β-adrenoceptor expression has been observed in obese individuals, which is related to reducing energy expenditure and developing obesity. While that the deficiency of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), which is a promising target for treatments of metabolic diseases, decreases oxidation and promotes the synthesis of fatty acids. Here, we emphasized several differences between distinct adrenoceptor subtypes, including their mRNA expression level and function in white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. We also highlighted SCD1's roles related to the progression of adipocytes and its changing expression under the obese condition in both rodents and humans, and furthermore, tried to figure out the interaction between adrenoceptors and SCD1 in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Hoan Le
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
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18
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Luo S, Zhang H, Jiang X, Xia Y, Tang S, Duan X, Sun W, Gao M, Chen C, Zou Z, Zhou L, Qiu J. Antibiotics administration alleviates the high fat diet-induced obesity through altering the lipid metabolism in young mice. Lipids 2023; 58:19-32. [PMID: 36253942 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a global trend of rapid increase in obesity, especially among adolescents. The antibiotics cocktails (ABX) therapy is commonly used as an adjunctive treatment for gut microbiota related diseases, including obesity. However, the effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics alone on young obese hosts have rarely been reported. In the present study, the 3-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were intragastric administration with ampicillin, vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin for 30 days. The lipid metabolites in plasma were assessed by biochemical assay kits, and genes related to lipid metabolite in the white adipose were assessed by qPCR. To further analyze the underlying mechanisms, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the liver were determined by qPCR assay. In addition, the expression of oxidative damage-associated proteins in the liver were detected by western blot. The results showed that oral antibiotics exposure could reduce body weight and fat index in HFD-fed mice, concurrent with the increase of white adipose lipolysis genes and the decrease of hepatic lipogenic genes. Furthermore, antibiotics treatment could clearly reverse the HFD-induced elevation of oxidative damage-related proteins in the liver. Together, these findings will provide valuable clues into the effects of antibiotics on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Duan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Alternative Methods as Tools for Obesity Research: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010108. [PMID: 36676057 PMCID: PMC9860640 DOI: 10.3390/life13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of adipogenesis is essential for understanding and treating obesity, a multifactorial problem related to body fat accumulation that leads to several life-threatening diseases, becoming one of the most critical public health problems worldwide. In this review, we propose to provide the highlights of the adipogenesis study based on in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We list in silico methods, such as molecular docking for identification of molecular targets, and in vitro approaches, from 2D, more straightforward and applied for screening large libraries of substances, to more representative physiological models, such as 3D and bioprinting models. We also describe the development of physiological models based on microfluidic systems applied to investigate adipogenesis in vitro. We intend to identify the main alternative models for adipogenesis evaluation, contributing to the direction of preclinical research in obesity. Future directions indicate the association of in silico and in vitro techniques to bring a clear picture of alternative methods based on adipogenesis as a tool for obesity research.
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Kodama J, Wilkinson KJ, Otsuru S. Nutrient metabolism of the nucleus pulposus: A literature review. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 13:100191. [PMID: 36590450 PMCID: PMC9801222 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells take in, consume, and synthesize nutrients for numerous physiological functions. This includes not only energy production but also macromolecule biosynthesis, which will further influence cellular signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell fate commitment. Therefore, alteration in cellular nutrient metabolism is associated with pathological conditions. Intervertebral discs, particularly the nucleus pulposus (NP), are avascular and exhibit unique metabolic preferences. Clinical and preclinical studies have indicated a correlation between intervertebral degeneration (IDD) and systemic metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. However, a lack of understanding of the nutrient metabolism of NP cells is masking the underlying mechanism. Indeed, although previous studies indicated that glucose metabolism is essential for NP cells, the downstream metabolic pathways remain unknown, and the potential role of other nutrients, like amino acids and lipids, is understudied. In this literature review, we summarize the current understanding of nutrient metabolism in NP cells and discuss other potential metabolic pathways by referring to a human NP transcriptomic dataset deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus, which can provide us hints for future studies of nutrient metabolism in NP cells and novel therapies for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Kodama
- Corresponding authors at: 670 W Baltimore St. HSFIII 7173, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | | - Satoru Otsuru
- Corresponding authors at: 670 W Baltimore St. HSFIII 7173, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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21
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Althaher AR. An Overview of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL). ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:1964684. [PMID: 36530555 PMCID: PMC9754850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1964684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a pivotal enzyme that mediates triglyceride hydrolysis to provide free fatty acids and glycerol in adipocytes in a hormonally controlled lipolysis process. Elevated plasma-free fatty acids were accompanied by insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, and obesity. Inhibition of lipolysis through HSL inhibition may provide a mechanism to prevent the accumulation of free fatty acids and to improve the affectability of insulin and blood glucose handling in type II diabetes. The published studies that examine the structure, regulation, and function of HSL and major inhibitors were reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa R. Althaher
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
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22
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Loureirin B protects against obesity via activation of adipose tissue ω3 PUFA-GPR120-UCP1 axis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:139-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The Ameliorative Effect and Mechanisms of Ruditapes philippinarum Bioactive Peptides on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235066. [PMID: 36501096 PMCID: PMC9737393 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bioactive peptides (RBPs) from Ruditapes philippinarum were prepared by fermentation with Bacillus natto and the effect and mechanisms of RBPs on obesity and hyperlipidemia were explored in mice. We found that RBPs significantly reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, accumulation of hepatic lipids, and serum levels of total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Mechanistic studies showed that RBPs up-regulated the hepatic expression of genes related to lipolysis, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), and down-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which is related to lipid synthesis. In addition, RBPs could attenuate obesity and hyperlipidemia by regulating disordered gut microbiota composition, such as increasing the abundance of microflora related to the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceas_UCG_001, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Odoribacter) and controlling those related to intestinal inflammation (reduced abundance of Deferribacteres and increased abundance of Alistipes and ASF356) to exert anti-obesity and lipid-lowering activities. Our findings laid the foundation for the development and utilization of RBPs as a functional food to ameliorate obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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Weng G, Huang J, Ma X, Song M, Yin Y, Deng D, Deng J. Brevibacillus laterosporus BL1, a promising probiotic, prevents obesity and modulates gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1050025. [PMID: 36505236 PMCID: PMC9729748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1050025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope Probiotics are a potential preventive strategy for obesity. However, with discrete efficacy and limited species of probiotics, there is a demand for novel strains with excellent anti-obesity properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Brevibacillus laterosporus BL1 on preventing obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Methods and results C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10) and fed a control diet, HFD, HFD plus B. laterosporus BL1, and HFD plus supernatant of B. laterosporus BL1, respectively for 8 weeks. The results showed that prophylactic B. laterosporus BL1 treatment reduced body weight gain by 41.26% in comparison to the HFD group, and this difference was accompanied by a reduction in body fat mass and the weight of inguinal white adipose tissues and epididymal white adipose tissue (-33.39%, -39.07%, and -43.75%, respectively). Moreover, the B. laterosporus BL1-mediated improvements in lipid profile, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation were associated with the regulation of gene expression related to lipid metabolism and enhancement of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Particularly, B. laterosporus BL1 intervention significantly improved HFD-induced gut flora dysbiosis, as evidenced by a reverse in the relative abundance of Bacillota and Bacteroidota, as well as an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn increased SCFAs levels. Conclusion Our findings found for the first time that B. laterosporus BL1 may be a promising probiotic for prevention of obesity associated with the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dun Deng,
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Jinping Deng,
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Bonilla-Carvajal K, Stashenko EE, Moreno-Castellanos N. Essential Oil of Carvone Chemotype Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) Regulates Lipid Mobilization and Adipogenesis in Adipocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5741-5755. [PMID: 36421673 PMCID: PMC9688983 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an expansion of adipose tissue due to excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipocytes, causing hypertrophy and hyperplasia, followed by hypoxia, alterations in adipocyte functionality, and chronic inflammation. However, current treatments require changes in lifestyle that are difficult to achieve and some treatments do not generate sustained weight loss over time. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) carvone chemotype on viability, lipid mobilization, and adipogenesis of adipocytes in two normal and pathological cellular models in vitro. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, a normal and a pathological model of obesity were induced, and then the cells were treated with L. alba carvone chemotype EO to evaluate cell viability, lipid mobilization, and adipogenesis. L. alba carvone chemotype EO does not decrease adipocyte viability at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 µg/mL; furthermore, there was evidence of changes in lipid mobilization and adipogenesis, leading to a reversal of adipocyte hypertrophy. These results could be due to effects produced by EO on lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, as well as modifications in the expression of adipogenesis genes. L. alba carvone chemotype EO could be considered as a possible treatment for obesity, using the adipocyte as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherin Bonilla-Carvajal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Health Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones para la Agroindustrialización de Especies Vegetales Aromáticas y Medicinales Tropicales/CENIVAM. Chemistry School, Science Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Research Group-Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos/CICTA, Department of Basic Sciences, Health Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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Expression patterns of AMPK and genes associated with lipid metabolism in newly hatched chicks during the metabolic perturbation of fasting and refeeding. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102231. [PMID: 36334428 PMCID: PMC9630794 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting–refeeding perturbation has been extensively used to reveal specific genes and metabolic pathways that control energy metabolism in chickens. In this study, 200 chickens were randomly assigned to 2 groups after hatching: the control group (C, fed ad libitum) and the fasting–refeeding group (T, water ad libitum). The chicks in Group T were fasted for 72 h, and then fed for another 48 h. Liver, hypothalamus, and adipose samples were collected at 0 (F0), 24 (F24), 48 (F48), and 72 h (F72) after fasting and 4 (FR4), 12 (FR12), 24 (FR24), and 48 h (FR48) after refeeding, respectively. Results showed that Group T had a significantly higher number of liver vacuoles (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and a significantly lower gray value of Sudan IIIstained sections (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) than Group C at F48–FR48. In addition, compared with the Group C, fasting and refeeding reduced the expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) mRNA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the liver and adipose tissues, the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the liver, adipose, and hypothalamus tissues, and the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the liver at F24–FR24. Moreover, relative to those in Group C, fasting and refeeding increased the mRNA expression levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α, AMPKβ, and AMPKγ in the hypothalamus (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at F24–FR24. In conclusion, fasting and refeeding increased the fat content of the liver, and the expression of lipolytic genes in the hypothalamus (e.g., AMPKα, AMPKβ, and AMPKγ) but decreased the expression of fat synthesis genes in the liver (e.g., SCD, GR, and FAS), adipose (SCD and GR), and hypothalamus (GR).
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SARS-CoV-2 infects adipose tissue in a fat depot- and viral lineage-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5722. [PMID: 36175400 PMCID: PMC9521555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and a link between adipose tissue infection and disease progression has been proposed. Here we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infects human adipose tissue and undergoes productive infection in fat cells. However, susceptibility to infection and the cellular response depends on the anatomical origin of the cells and the viral lineage. Visceral fat cells express more ACE2 and are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than their subcutaneous counterparts. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to inhibition of lipolysis in subcutaneous fat cells, while in visceral fat cells, it results in higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Viral load and cellular response are attenuated when visceral fat cells are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant. A similar degree of cell death occurs 4-days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the cell origin or viral lineage. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 infects human fat cells, replicating and altering cell function and viability in a depot- and viral lineage-dependent fashion. Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and infection of adipose tissue by SARS-CoV-2 has been reported. Here the authors confirm that human adipose tissue is a possible site for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the degree of adipose tissue infection and the way adipocytes respond to the virus depend on the adipose tissue depot and the viral strain.
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28
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Aguilar-Cazares D, Chavez-Dominguez R, Marroquin-Muciño M, Perez-Medina M, Benito-Lopez JJ, Camarena A, Rumbo-Nava U, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. The systemic-level repercussions of cancer-associated inflammation mediators produced in the tumor microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:929572. [PMID: 36072935 PMCID: PMC9441602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.929572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic, complex, and redundant network of interactions between tumor, immune, and stromal cells. In this intricate environment, cells communicate through membrane-membrane, ligand-receptor, exosome, soluble factors, and transporter interactions that govern cell fate. These interactions activate the diverse and superfluous signaling pathways involved in tumor promotion and progression and induce subtle changes in the functional activity of infiltrating immune cells. The immune response participates as a selective pressure in tumor development. In the early stages of tumor development, the immune response exerts anti-tumor activity, whereas during the advanced stages, the tumor establishes mechanisms to evade the immune response, eliciting a chronic inflammation process that shows a pro-tumor effect. The deregulated inflammatory state, in addition to acting locally, also triggers systemic inflammation that has repercussions in various organs and tissues that are distant from the tumor site, causing the emergence of various symptoms designated as paraneoplastic syndromes, which compromise the response to treatment, quality of life, and survival of cancer patients. Considering the tumor-host relationship as an integral and dynamic biological system, the chronic inflammation generated by the tumor is a communication mechanism among tissues and organs that is primarily orchestrated through different signals, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and exosomes, to provide the tumor with energetic components that allow it to continue proliferating. In this review, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the involvement of cancer-related inflammation at the local and systemic level throughout tumor development and the emergence of some paraneoplastic syndromes and their main clinical manifestations. In addition, the involvement of these signals throughout tumor development will be discussed based on the physiological/biological activities of innate and adaptive immune cells. These cellular interactions require a metabolic reprogramming program for the full activation of the various cells; thus, these requirements and the by-products released into the microenvironment will be considered. In addition, the systemic impact of cancer-related proinflammatory cytokines on the liver-as a critical organ that produces the leading inflammatory markers described to date-will be summarized. Finally, the contribution of cancer-related inflammation to the development of two paraneoplastic syndromes, myelopoiesis and cachexia, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Marroquin-Muciño
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquimica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus J. Benito-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uriel Rumbo-Nava
- Clinica de Neumo-Oncologia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S. Lopez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Cancer Pulmonar, Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
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29
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Kim JW, Yang YM, Kwon EY, Choi JY. Novel Plant Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Disorder through Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169295. [PMID: 36012561 PMCID: PMC9409404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation due to unbalanced energy intake and expenditure. Potential therapeutic targets for anti-obesity include the inhibition of white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy and hyperplasia and the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Not only the activation of BAT but also the browning of WAT have gained increasing attention in research fields as an alternative method in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we investigated possible mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effect of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. root ethanol extract (PUE) in an obesogenic animal model. PUE treatment can reduce diet-induced obesity and modulate obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. In the liver, PUE improved hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis and lipid absorption while increasing biliary sterol excretion and hepatic fatty acid oxidation compared to the high-fat group. Moreover, PUE increased energy expenditure and regulated fecal lipid excretion, leading to reduced body weight gain. In particular, PUE remarkably activated the browning of subWAT via upregulation of the browning-related protein and gene expression and promoted BAT activation. In conclusion, these findings provide the potential therapeutic usefulness into the effects of PUE in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, it suggests that PUE treatment can regulate energy metabolism via activating BAT and browning subWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young-Mo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7723; Fax: +82-62-225-7726
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30
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Farías MA, Diethelm-Varela B, Navarro AJ, Kalergis AM, González PA. Interplay between Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Droplets, and DNA Virus Infections. Cells 2022; 11:2224. [PMID: 35883666 PMCID: PMC9324743 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles rich in neutral lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters that are coated by a phospholipid monolayer and associated proteins. LDs are known to play important roles in the storage and availability of lipids in the cell and to serve as a source of energy reserve for the cell. However, these structures have also been related to oxidative stress, reticular stress responses, and reduced antigen presentation to T cells. Importantly, LDs are also known to modulate viral infection by participating in virus replication and assembly. Here, we review and discuss the interplay between neutral lipid metabolism and LDs in the replication cycle of different DNA viruses, identifying potentially new molecular targets for the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica A. Farías
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.A.F.); (B.D.-V.); (A.J.N.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.A.F.); (B.D.-V.); (A.J.N.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Areli J. Navarro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.A.F.); (B.D.-V.); (A.J.N.); (A.M.K.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.A.F.); (B.D.-V.); (A.J.N.); (A.M.K.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (M.A.F.); (B.D.-V.); (A.J.N.); (A.M.K.)
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31
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Aiassa V, Del Rosario Ferreira M, Villafañe N, Eugenia D'Alessandro M. α-Linolenic acid rich-chia seed modulates visceral adipose tissue collagen deposition, lipolytic enzymes expression, insulin signaling and GLUT-4 levels in a diet-induced adiposity rodent model. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111164. [PMID: 35651030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given obesity and its associated metabolic disorders have reached epidemic proportions, the study of therapeutic strategies targeting white adipose tissue (WAT) are of main research interest. We previously shown that α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed was able to ameliorate a wide range of metabolic disorders including body fat accretion in sucrose-rich diet (SRD)-fed rats, an experimental model of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms involved are not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chia seed administration upon WAT remodeling and key enzymes that controls lipolysis, insulin signaling (tAKT, pAKT), and GLUT-4 levels in different visceral fat pad depots (epididymal -eWAT- and retroperitoneal -rWAT- adipose tissues) of SRD-fed rats. Results showed that chia seed reduces adipocytes hypertrophy, the increased lipid content and collagen deposition in both WAT. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of HSL and ATGL protein levels in eWAT and HSL protein levels in rWAT. Moreover, chia seed restored the altered expression pattern of the pAKT observed in SRD-fed rats, and modulated GLUT-4 levels. Chia seed could be a dietary intervention of great relevance with potential beneficial effects in the management of body fat excess and WAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Aiassa
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Noelia Villafañe
- Departamento de Morfología. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Anti-Obesity Activities of Standardized Ecklonia stolonifera Extract in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High-Fat-Diet-Fed ICR Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare a clinical trial test material (ESETM, test material of Ecklonia stolonifera extract) to develop a health functional food based on its anti-obesity effect. The anti-obesity effect of ESETM was evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to confirm its nonclinical trial effect before application in clinical trial. Adipogenesis is a process of preadipocyte differentiation that causes an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid accumulation. In vitro study results indicated that ESETM outstandingly inhibits the production of ROS and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In vivo, ESETM-treated ICR mice had reduced HFD-induced weight change, food efficiency ratio, adipose tissue weight, liver weight and showed improved serum lipid profiles. Our results show that ESETM inhibits weight change by regulating the adipogenesis, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis pathways.
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Chen M, Bai M, Yi Y, Lu S, Luo J, Li P, Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhou H. Upregulation of hepatic CD36 via glucocorticoid receptor activation contributes to dexamethasone-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder in mice. Toxicol Lett 2022; 363:1-10. [PMID: 35589016 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX) are widely prescribed to treat numerous conditions and diseases. However, glucocorticoid-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder, even nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, has caused extensive attention. Since fatty acid transporters such as CD36 and FATP play crucial roles in hepatic fatty acid uptake, this work examined their potential involvement in DEX-induced liver lipid accumulation. Chronic DEX administration (1-5 mg/kg/day over 28 days) induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Fatty acid uptake in HepG2 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes was also stimulated after incubation with 0.5-2 μM DEX. Meanwhile, qPCR and western blotting demonstrated dose-dependent upregulation of CD36 expression by DEX in the mouse liver and in cultured hepatocytes. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibition with mifepristone (RU486) and siRNA-mediated GR knockdown attenuated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by inhibiting DEX-induced CD36 upregulation, and direct binding of GR to the CD36 promoter was demonstrated by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicate that DEX promotes free fatty acid uptake leading to hepatic steatosis by upregulating CD36 expression via activation of GR. Thus, strategies aimed at inhibiting GR/CD36 expression or activity might help prevent or reduce the onset and progression of hepatic lipid metabolism disorders induced by glucocorticoid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengru Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuanghui Lu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Distinct AMPK-Mediated FAS/HSL Pathway Is Implicated in the Alleviating Effect of Nuciferine on Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in HFD-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091898. [PMID: 35565866 PMCID: PMC9101490 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuciferine (Nuci), the main aporphine alkaloid component in lotus leaf, was reported to reduce lipid accumulation in vitro. Herein we investigated whether Nuci prevents obesity in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and the underlying mechanism in liver/HepG2 hepatocytes and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) /adipocytes. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD supplemented with Nuci (0.10%) for 12 weeks. We found that Nuci significantly reduced body weight and fat mass, improved glycolipid profiles, and enhanced energy expenditure in HFD-fed mice. Nuci also ameliorated hepatic steatosis and decreased the size of adipocytes. Furthermore, Nuci remarkably promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK, suppressed lipogenesis (SREBP1, FAS, ACC), promoted lipolysis (HSL, ATGL), and increased the expressions of adipokines (FGF21, ZAG) in liver and eWAT. Besides, fatty acid oxidation in liver and thermogenesis in eWAT were also activated by Nuci. Similar results were further observed at cellular level, and these beneficial effects of Nuci in cells were abolished by an effective AMPK inhibitor compound C. In conclusion, Nuci supplementation prevented HFD-induced obesity, attenuated hepatic steatosis, and reduced lipid accumulation in liver/hepatocytes and eWAT/adipocytes through regulating AMPK-mediated FAS/HSL pathway. Our findings provide novel insight into the clinical application of Nuci in treating obesity and related complications.
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The vesicular transporter STX11 governs ATGL-mediated hepatic lipolysis and lipophagy. iScience 2022; 25:104085. [PMID: 35372814 PMCID: PMC8971941 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation is closely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adipose-triglyceride-lipase (ATGL) regulates triglyceride hydrolysis and maintains energy homeostasis in hepatocytes. Identifying key factors in the regulation of ATGL will help tackle hepatic lipid accumulation and related metabolic diseases. Herein, we demonstrate that syntaxin11 (STX11), a member of the SNARE family, generally expressed in immune cells, mediates lipid metabolism by binding to ATGL and inhibiting lipid droplet degradation and lipid autophagy in hepatocytes. Our data show that the C-terminal of STX11 and the patatin domain-containing segment of ATGL have direct physical interactions. Thus, STX11 overexpression prevents spatial translocation of ATGL onto LDs by recruitment of ATGL to the ER. Conversely, STX11 deficiency in hepatocytes promotes lipid hydrolysis, and the ATGL-SIRT1 signaling pathway enhances lipophagy. Overall, this study uncovered that the regulation of lipolysis and lipophagy is achieved by STX11 through the attenuation of ATGL action in hepatocytes. STX11 inhibits lipid droplet degradation via ATGL in hepatocytes Interaction of ATGL and STX11 affects trafficking of ATGL STX11 suppresses lipophagy in association with ATGL and SIRT1
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JIANG QX, CHEN YM, MA JJ, WANG YP, LI P, WEN XD, YANG J. Effective fraction from Simiao Wan prevents hepatic insulin resistant by inhibition of lipolysis via AMPK activation. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:161-176. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yu H, Gao X, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Fang Z, Hao X, Shi Z, Fan M, Chen M, Li X, Liu G, Wang Z, Li X, Du X. Activation of Transcription Factor EB Is Associated With Adipose Tissue Lipolysis in Dairy Cows With Subclinical Ketosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:816064. [PMID: 35211541 PMCID: PMC8861084 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.816064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipid mobilization for adipose tissue caused by severe negative energy balance is the pathological basis for subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows. In non-ruminants, transcription factor EB (TFEB) was reported to play a role in the regulation of lipid catabolism, but its role in the control of lipolysis in the bovine is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether the enhanced TFEB transcriptional activity contributes to lipolysis of adipose tissue in SCK cows, and to explore the possibility of establishing a therapeutic strategy by using TFEB as a target to control lipolysis. Thirty cows with similar lactation number (median = 3, range = 2–4) and days in milk (median = 6 d, range = 3–9) were selected into a healthy control (n = 15) and SCK (n = 15) group, and used for subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies and blood sampling. Adipocytes from healthy Holstein calves were used as a model for in vitro studies involving treatment with 10 μM isoproterenol (ISO) for 0, 1, 2 and 3 h, 250 nM of the TFEB activator Torin1 for 3 h, or used for transfection with TFEB small interfering RNA for 48 h followed by treatment with 10 μM ISO for 3 h. Compared with healthy cows, adipose tissue in SCK cows showed increased lipolysis accompanied by enhanced TFEB transcriptional activity. In vitro, ISO and Torin1 treatment increased lipolysis and enhanced TFEB transcriptional activity in calf adipocytes. However, knockdown of TFEB attenuated ISO-induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Overall, these findings indicated that enhanced transcriptional activity of TFEB may contribute to lipolysis of adipose tissue in dairy cows with SCK. The regulation of TFEB activity may be an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling overt lipolysis in ketotic cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Hao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Minghe Fan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobing Li
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, China
- Xiliang Du
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Du D, Liu C, Qin M, Zhang X, Xi T, Yuan S, Hao H, Xiong J. Metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutical targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:558-580. [PMID: 35256934 PMCID: PMC8897153 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat HCC, such as targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune based therapies and combination of chemotherapy. However, limitations exist in current strategies including chemoresistance for instance. Tumor initiation and progression is driven by reprogramming of metabolism, in particular during HCC development. Recently, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a reappraisal of new nomenclature for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), indicates growing appreciation of metabolism in the pathogenesis of liver disease, including HCC, thereby suggesting new strategies by targeting abnormal metabolism for HCC treatment. In this review, we introduce directions by highlighting the metabolic targets in glucose, fatty acid, amino acid and glutamine metabolism, which are suitable for HCC pharmaceutical intervention. We also summarize and discuss current pharmaceutical agents and studies targeting deregulated metabolism during HCC treatment. Furthermore, opportunities and challenges in the discovery and development of HCC therapy targeting metabolism are discussed.
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Key Words
- 1,3-BPG, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
- 2-DG, 2-deoxy-d-glucose
- 3-BrPA, 3-bromopyruvic acid
- ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- ACLY, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) citrate lyase
- ACS, acyl-CoA synthease
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AML, acute myeloblastic leukemia
- AMPK, adenosine mono-phosphate-activated protein kinase
- ASS1, argininosuccinate synthase 1
- ATGL, adipose triacylglycerol lipase
- CANA, canagliflozin
- CPT, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase
- CYP4, cytochrome P450s (CYPs) 4 family
- Cancer therapy
- DNL, de novo lipogenesis
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERK, extracellular-signal regulated kinase
- FABP1, fatty acid binding protein 1
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- FBP1, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Fatty acid β-oxidation
- G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GLS1, renal-type glutaminase
- GLS2, liver-type glutaminase
- GLUT1, glucose transporter 1
- GOT1, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1
- Glutamine metabolism
- Glycolysis
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha
- HK, hexokinase
- HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2
- LCAD, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LPL, lipid lipase
- LXR, liver X receptor
- MAFLD, metabolic associated fatty liver disease
- MAGL, monoacyglycerol lipase
- MCAD, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- MEs, malic enzymes
- MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9
- Metabolic dysregulation
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine nucleotide phosphate
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OTC, ornithine transcarbamylase
- PCK1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1
- PFK1, phosphofructokinase 1
- PGAM1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1
- PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PKM2, pyruvate kinase M2
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- Pentose phosphate pathway
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA-desaturase 1
- SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
- SLC1A5/ASCT2, solute carrier family 1 member 5/alanine serine cysteine preferring transporter 2
- SLC7A5/LAT1, solute carrier family 7 member 5/L-type amino acid transporter 1
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- TAGs, triacylglycerols
- TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- TKT, transketolase
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- WD-fed MC4R-KO, Western diet (WD)-fed melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient (MC4R-KO)
- WNT, wingless-type MMTV integration site family
- mIDH, mutant IDH
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengyao Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Xi
- Research Center of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Levine JA, Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi Z, Patel TP, Brady SM, Chivukula KK, Miller E, Han JM, Periwal V, Wolska A, Remaley AT, Dagur PK, Biancotto A, Babyak A, Fantoni G, Yanovski JA, Demidowich AP. Effects of colchicine on lipolysis and adipose tissue inflammation in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:358-368. [PMID: 34978374 PMCID: PMC8799499 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether colchicine's anti-inflammatory effects would improve measures of lipolysis and distribution of leukocyte populations in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study in which 40 adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomized to colchicine 0.6 mg or placebo twice daily for 3 months. Non-insulin-suppressible (l0 ), insulin-suppressible (l2 ), and maximal (l0 +l2 ) lipolysis rates were calculated by minimal model analysis. Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. SAT leukocyte populations were characterized by flow cytometry analysis from biopsied samples obtained before and after the intervention. RESULTS Colchicine treatment significantly decreased l2 and l0 +l2 versus placebo (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with a significant reduction in markers of systemic inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, resistin, and circulating monocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.01). Colchicine did not significantly alter SAT leukocyte population distributions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In adults with obesity and MetS, colchicine appears to improve insulin regulation of lipolysis and reduce markers of systemic inflammation independent of an effect on local leukocyte distributions in SAT. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms by which colchicine affects adipose tissue metabolic pathways in adults with obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Levine
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra Sarrafan-Chaharsoughi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tushar P Patel
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - K Karthik Chivukula
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Endocrinology Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jung Min Han
- Computational Medicine Section, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vipul Periwal
- Computational Medicine Section, Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pradeep K Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angelique Biancotto
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Babyak
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians at Howard County General Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfides in the Regulation of Lipolysis in the Adipose Tissue: Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031346. [PMID: 35163277 PMCID: PMC8836184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and inorganic polysulfides are important signaling molecules; however, little is known about their role in the adipose tissue. We examined the effect of H2S and polysulfides on adipose tissue lipolysis. H2S and polysulfide production by mesenteric adipose tissue explants in rats was measured. The effect of Na2S and Na2S4, the H2S and polysulfide donors, respectively, on lipolysis markers, plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol, was examined. Na2S but not Na2S4 increased plasma NEFA and glycerol in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Na2S increased cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP concentration in the adipose tissue. The effect of Na2S on NEFA and glycerol was abolished by the specific inhibitor of protein kinase A, KT5720. The effect of Na2S on lipolysis was not abolished by propranolol, suggesting no involvement of β-adrenergic receptors. In addition, Na2S had no effect on phosphodiesterase activity in the adipose tissue. Obesity induced by feeding rats a highly palatable diet for 1 month was associated with increased plasma NEFA and glycerol concentrations, as well as greater H2S production in the adipose tissue. In conclusion, H2S stimulates lipolysis and may contribute to the enhanced lipolysis associated with obesity.
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Lou W, Zhang MD, Chen Q, Bai TY, Hu YX, Gao F, Li J, Lv XL, Zhang Q, Chang FH. Molecular mechanism of benzo [a] pyrene regulating lipid metabolism via aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:13. [PMID: 35057794 PMCID: PMC8772151 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), a potent carcinogen, has been proved that it has toxicological effects via activation the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. AhR can participate in regulating lipogenesis and lipolysis. This topic will verify whether BaP regulates lipid metabolism via AhR. METHODS (1) C57BL/6 mice were gavaged with BaP for 12 weeks to detect serum lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Morphological changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) were detected by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. The mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related factors included recombinant human CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and inflammatory factors included nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected using PCR. (2) Neutral lipid content changes in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes treated with BaP with and w/o AhR inhibitor were detected by Oil red staining. The protein expression levels of adipogenesis- and decomposition-related factors included PPARγ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were detected using western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected using PCR. RESULTS (1) BaP inhibited body weight gain, decreased lipid content, increased lipid levels, and decreased glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in mice; (2) BaP reduced the expressions of C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, PGC-1α, and PPARα and increased the expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1, and TNF-α by activating AhR. CONCLUSION BaP inhibit fat synthesis and oxidation while inducing inflammation by activating AhR, leading to WAT dysfunction and causing metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lou
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Meng-di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Tu-Ya Bai
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yu-Xia Hu
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Fu-Hou Chang
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China.
- The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010010, China.
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Vanderhaeghen T, Timmermans S, Watts D, Paakinaho V, Eggermont M, Vandewalle J, Wallaeys C, Van Wyngene L, Van Looveren K, Nuyttens L, Dewaele S, Vanden Berghe J, Lemeire K, De Backer J, Dirkx L, Vanden Berghe W, Caljon G, Ghesquière B, De Bosscher K, Wielockx B, Palvimo JJ, Beyaert R, Libert C. Reprogramming of glucocorticoid receptor function by hypoxia. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53083. [PMID: 34699114 PMCID: PMC8728616 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigate the impact of hypoxia on the hepatic response of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to dexamethasone (DEX) in mice via RNA-sequencing. Hypoxia causes three types of reprogramming of GR: (i) much weaker induction of classical GR-responsive genes by DEX in hypoxia, (ii) a number of genes is induced by DEX specifically in hypoxia, and (iii) hypoxia induces a group of genes via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Transcriptional profiles are reflected by changed GR DNA-binding as measured by ChIP sequencing. The HPA axis is induced by hypothalamic HIF1α and HIF2α activation and leads to GR-dependent lipolysis and ketogenesis. Acute inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide, is prevented by DEX in normoxia but not during hypoxia, and this is attributed to HPA axis activation by hypoxia. We unfold new physiological pathways that have consequences for patients suffering from GC resistance.
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Dong J, Yue K, Loor JJ, Aboragah A, Li G, Chen L, Song Y, Du X, Liu G, Wang Z, Li X, Li X. Increased adipose tissue lipolysis in dairy cows with fatty liver is associated with enhanced autophagy activity. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1731-1742. [PMID: 34998548 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipolysis is increased in adipose tissue of cows with fatty liver during the transition period. Autophagy, a major cellular degradation process, plays a critical role in adipose tissue homeostasis. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between lipolysis and autophagy in adipose tissue of cows with fatty liver. Using a nested case-control design, we compared blood and adipose tissue samples from 10 control cows [parity: median = 3, range = 2-4; days in milk: median = 8 d, range = 5-10 d; hepatic triacylglycerol content: median = 0.55% liver wt, range = 0.48-0.61% liver wt] and 10 lactation stage-matched cows with fatty liver (parity: median = 3, range = 2-4; days in milk: median = 9 d, range = 5-11 d; hepatic triacylglycerol content: median = 6.28% liver wt, range = 2.86-7.75% liver wt). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Serum concentrations of free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate were greater and glucose concentration was lower in cows with fatty liver, which we determined by using commercially-available kits. Furthermore, western blotting showed that increased protein abundance of ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase), ATG5 (autophagy-related gene 5), and ATG7; ratio of phosphorylated (p)-HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) to HSL and MAP1LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, also called LC3-II) to LC3-I along with decreased abundance of PLIN1 (perilipin 1), SQSTM1 (sequestosome-1, also called p62), and the ratio of p-mTOR (phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin) to mTOR in cows with fatty liver. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed an increase in abundance of MAP1LC3 mRNA and a decrease in SQSTM1 mRNA in cows with fatty liver. These findings were replicated using an adipocyte model. Primary cultures of calf adipocytes isolated from the adipose tissue of the peritoneal omentum and mesentery were treated with 10 mM 3-methyladenine (3-MA), 5 nM rapamycin, 1 µM isoproterenol (ISO), and 1 µM ISO + 10 mM 3-MA. Comparisons among groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Compared with the control, the 1 µM ISO treatment upregulated the abundance of ATGL, the ratio of p-HSL to HSL and LC3-II to LC3-I, and the glycerol content, whereas it downregulated the abundance of PLIN1 and p62 in calf adipocytes. Compared with the 1 μM ISO treatment group, 1 µM ISO + 10 mM 3-MA downregulated the abundance of ATGL, the ratio of p-HSL to HSL and LC3-II to LC3-I, and the glycerol content, whereas it upregulated the abundance of PLIN1 and p62. Compared with the control, the 5 nM rapamycin treatment upregulated the abundance of ATGL, the ratio of p-HSL to HSL and LC3-II to LC3-I, and the glycerol content, whereas it downregulated the abundance of PLIN1 and p62 in calf adipocytes. Overall, these data indicated that increased lipolysis in adipose tissue of cows with fatty liver was associated with enhanced autophagy. However, the specific molecular mechanisms that link lipolysis and autophagy need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Kaiming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Ahmad Aboragah
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Guojin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Linfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Lipid droplet - mitochondria coupling: A novel lipid metabolism regulatory hub in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1017387. [PMID: 36387849 PMCID: PMC9640443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1017387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves serious lipid metabolism disorder, and renal ectopic lipid deposition aggravates DN progression. However, the molecular mechanism of renal lipid deposition in DN remains unclear. Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid pools in cells that change dynamically in response to the cellular energy needs. The LDs and mitochondria are connected through a part of the mitochondria known as the peridroplet mitochondria (PDM). In this review, we summarize the definition, detection methods, and function of the PDM. Finally, we discuss the research status of PDM in DN and the possibility of its use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang,
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Yan Z, Zhong Y, Yin Y, Duan Y, Wang W, Zhang L, Guo Q, Chen Q, Li F. Effects of Dietary Tea Powder on the Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Tibetan Pig × Bama Miniature Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3225. [PMID: 34827958 PMCID: PMC8614359 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tea powder in diets on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular amino acid, fatty acid profile, and serum biochemical indices of pigs. A total of 120 local Chinese pigs (Tibetan × Bama miniature pigs) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with six pens and four pigs per pen. During a 60-day experiment, these groups of pigs were fed the normal diet and the diet supplemented with 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% tea powder, respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of tea powder did not affect the growth performance of pigs. However, the dietary tea powder inclusion decreased (p < 0.05) the average fat thickness, total fat, and abdominal fat, and increased (p < 0.05) the total muscle as well. In addition, the dietary 2% tea powder decreased (p < 0.05) the muscle lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Compared with the control group, the dietary supplementation with 1%, 2%, and 4% tea powder raised (p < 0.05) the total amino acids (TAA) and essential amino acids (EAA), and dietary 4% and 6% tea powder increased (p < 0.05) the C20:5n3 in the muscle tissue. Furthermore, the serum lipid metabolism-related biochemical indices and mRNA expression levels were improved with the addition of tea powder. These results indicated that dietary tea powder might improve the carcass traits and meat quality of the Chinese native finishing pigs, but it does not affect their growth performance. Tea powder could be fully developed and reasonably applied as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Yunju Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410018, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.W.); (L.Z.); (Q.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu Y, Long H, Feng S, Ma T, Wang M, Niu L, Zhang X, Wang L, Lei Y, Chen Y, Wang Q, Xu X. Trait correlated expression combined with eQTL and ASE analyses identified novel candidate genes affecting intramuscular fat. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:805. [PMID: 34749647 PMCID: PMC8577010 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is a determining factor for meat taste. The Luchuan pig is a fat-type local breed in southern China that is famous for its desirable meat quality due to high IMF, however, the crossbred offspring of Luchuan sows and Duroc boars displayed within-population variation on meat quality, and the reason remains unknown. RESULTS In the present study, we identified 212 IMF-correlated genes (FDR ≤ 0.01) using correlation analysis between gene expression level and the value of IMF content. The IMF-correlated genes were significantly enriched in the processes of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial energy metabolism, as well as the AMPK/PPAR signaling pathway. From the IMF-correlated genes, we identified 99 genes associated with expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) or allele-specific expression (ASE) signals, including 21 genes identified by both cis-eQTL and ASE analyses and 12 genes identified by trans-eQTL analysis. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of IMF identified a significant QTL on SSC14 (p-value = 2.51E-7), and the nearest IMF-correlated gene SFXN4 (r = 0.28, FDR = 4.00E-4) was proposed as the candidate gene. Furthermore, we highlighted another three novel IMF candidate genes, namely AGT, EMG1, and PCTP, by integrated analysis of GWAS, eQTL, and IMF-gene correlation analysis. CONCLUSIONS The AMPK/PPAR signaling pathway together with the processes of lipid and mitochondrial energy metabolism plays a vital role in regulating porcine IMF content. Trait correlated expression combined with eQTL and ASE analysis highlighted a priority list of genes, which compensated for the shortcoming of GWAS, thereby accelerating the mining of causal genes of IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Simin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lianni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Standardized Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Extract Ameliorates Obesity in db/db Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103624. [PMID: 34684625 PMCID: PMC8538090 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the potential anti-obesity effects of the water extract of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. leaves (WHS) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. As an extension of our previous study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects of WHS and its underlying molecular mechanisms in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and genetically obese db/db mice. WHS attenuated the gene expression of adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1. Moreover, WHS inhibited the mitotic clonal expansion of preadipocytes by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. Oral administration of WHS alleviated body weight gain and body fat accumulation in vivo. In addition, adipocyte hypertrophy and liver steatosis were ameliorated by WHS treatment. WHS reduced C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP-1 expression and activated AMPKα phosphorylation in both white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver tissue. WHS also mildly upregulated the expression of thermogenic proteins, including uncoupling protein-1, PPARs, PPARγ coactivator-1α, and sirtuin-1, in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Furthermore, WHS altered the gut microbiota composition to resemble that of wild-type mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that WHS could alleviate adiposity by inhibiting adipogenesis in WAT and the liver and modulating the gut microbiota.
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48
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Jin H, Oh HJ, Nah SY, Lee BY. Gintonin-enriched fraction protects against sarcopenic obesity by promoting energy expenditure and attenuating skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:454-463. [PMID: 35600770 PMCID: PMC9120798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF), a non-saponin fraction of ginseng, is a novel glycolipoprotein rich in hydrophobic amino acids. GEF has recently been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and browning in adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects on energy metabolism and whether it affects sarcopenic obesity are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of GEF on skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods To examine the effect of GEF on sarcopenic obesity, 4-week-old male ICR mice were used. The mice were divided into four groups: chow diet (CD), HFD, HFD supplemented with 50 mg/kg/day GEF, or 150 mg/kg/day GEF for 6 weeks. We analyzed body mass gain and grip strength, histological staining, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence to quantify changes in sarcopenic obesity-related factors. Results GEF inhibited body mass gain while HFD-fed mice gained 22.7 ± 2.0 g, whereas GEF-treated mice gained 14.3 ± 1.2 g for GEF50 and 11.8 ± 1.6 g for GEF150 by downregulating adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis and browning in white adipose tissue (WAT). GEF also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis threefold in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, GEF-treated skeletal muscle exhibited decreased expression of muscle-specific atrophic genes, and promoted myogenic differentiation and increased muscle mass and strength in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings indicate that GEF may have potential uses in preventing sarcopenic obesity by promoting energy expenditure and attenuating skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heegu Jin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of Resistance Exercise on the Lipolysis Pathway in Obese Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090874. [PMID: 34575649 PMCID: PMC8471631 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise may stimulate lipolytic activity within adipose tissue. Furthermore, resistance exercise may contribute to the more efficient reduction in adipose tissue mass and prevent the accumulation thereof in obese women. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of regular resistance exercise for 12 weeks on the lipolysis pathway in women with obesity. Twenty-three pre- and postmenopausal women with body fat percentages of 30% or more were divided into the premenopausal group (n = 9) and the postmenopausal group (n = 14). All subjects participated in resistance exercise training for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and physical fitness tests were performed on all participants. Protein analyses were performed on extracted subcutaneous fatty tissue, and changes in the relevant protein levels in the samples were analyzed by Western blotting. All serum samples were submitted for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements of adipocyte factors. After 12 weeks, the adipose triglyceride lipase, monoacylglycerol lipase, and perilipin1 protein levels were significantly lower in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. The hormone-sensitive lipase protein levels were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. In addition, leptin concentrations were significantly decreased after resistance exercise in the postmenopausal group. Adiponectin concentrations were significantly increased after resistance exercise in both groups. These findings indicate that regular resistance exercise is effective in reducing the weight and body fat of obese premenopausal women, and in the secretion of adiponectin. On the other hand, postmenopausal women were found to have redeced weight and body fat, and were found to be positive for the secretion of adipokine factors. In addition, positive changes in lipolysis pathway factors in adipose tissue promote lipid degradation and reduce fat mass. Thus, regular resistance exercise shows positive changes in the lipolysis pathway more effectively in weight and body fat reduction in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women.
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Nam YK, Park SJ, Kim MH, Choi LY, Yang WM. Pharmacopuncture of Taraxacum platycarpum extract reduces localized fat by regulating the lipolytic pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111905. [PMID: 34328114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized fat deposits are associated with health and aesthetic problems that mainly affect a large proportion of individuals. Recently, bioactive constituents of TP have been reported to affect lipid metabolism. In this study, we performed a network pharmacological analysis to assume potential lipolytic effects of TP and investigated the actual lipolytic effects of TP extract injection on local body fat and its underlying mechanism. Using the genes related to active compounds of TP, the network was constructed. Through the Functional Enrichment Analysis, Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Metabolism were expected to be affiliated with the network, which implied possible lipolytic effects of TP. On the comparison between TP network and Obesity-related Gene Sets, about three-fourths of elements were in common with the gene sets, which indicated a high relevance between TP and obesity. Based on the genes in lipolysis-related pathways, Perilipin, CGI-58, ATGL, HSL and MGL were selected to identify the actual lipolytic effects of TP. TP injection reduced the inguinal fat weight. Also, the diameter of the adipocytes was decreased by the TP treatment in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, TP suppressed lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, because the expression of Perilipin was increased, CGI-58, ATGL, HSL and MGL were markedly decreased. Furthermore, glycerol release was down-regulated by the TP treatment. TP exerted its lipolytic effects by regulating the lipolysis machinery through stimulation of lipases. Based on the present findings, TP is expected to be a potent component of injection lipolysis for removing localized body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyung Nam
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - La Yoon Choi
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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