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Schatzer CADF, Milazzotto MP, Júnior ARDS, Cerchiaro G, Bernardi MM, Teodorov E. Microencapsulation of sunscreen reduces toxicity of its components to A. salina: Biochemical, behavioral and morphological studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116586. [PMID: 38880006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Sunscreens contain several substances that cause damage to species where they are disposed. New formulations have been created to prevent such marine environmental damages. One promising formulation is the microencapsulated sunscreen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible safety to marine environment of one microencapsulated sunscreen formulation. The animal model Artemia salina (cists and nauplii) was tested with two sunscreen formulations (microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated) and toxicological, behavioral, morphological parameters as well as biochemical assays (lipoperoxidation and carbonylation tests) were analyzed. Results showed that microencapsulated sunscreen impeded some toxic effects caused by the release of the substances within the microcapsule in the highest concentration, reestablishing the mortality and hatching rates to control levels, while removing the sunscreen microcapsule by adding 1 % DMSO reduced the cyst hatching rate, increasing the nauplii mortality rate and decreased locomotor activity in higher concentrations. Finally, nauplii with 24 hours of life and exposed to sunscreen without the microcapsule showed an increase in mitochondrial activity (assessed at 48 hours after exposure) and presented malformations when exposed to the highest concentration non-microencapsulated concentration (assessed by SEM at 72 hours after exposure), when compared to the control group. These results together allow us to conclude that the microencapsulation process of a sunscreen helps protecting A. salina from the harmful effects of higher concentrations of said sunscreens. However, long-term studies must be carried out as it is not known how long a microencapsulated sunscreen can remain in the environment without causing harmful effects to the marine ecosystem and becoming an ecologically relevant pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Graduate Program of Biotechnoscience, Federal University of ABC, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Graduate Program of Biotechnoscience, Federal University of ABC, Brazil; Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Teodorov
- Graduate Program of Biotechnoscience, Federal University of ABC, Brazil.
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Mendes MM, Araújo MM, Botelho PB, de Carvalho KMB. Seasonal and sex-related variation in vitamin D status and its association with other biochemical markers in young individuals: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298862. [PMID: 38551916 PMCID: PMC10980231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several studies have investigated the association between vitamin D deficiency and biochemical parameters, the results are still inconsistent and mostly overlook seasonal variations. This study explored the relationships between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, biochemical markers, and seasonal variation among young males and females. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 individuals aged 18-24 years of both sexes residing in Brasilia, Brazil (latitude: 15°S). Sociodemographic variables, season of blood collection, and serum levels of 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were included. Descriptive statistics and differences among groups, correlations, and linear regression tests were performed. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 21.17±1.7 years, and the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 25.76±7.0 ng/mL. Of the participants, 50.7% had vitamin D insufficiency (20 to 29.9 ng/mL), and 23.2% were vitamin D deficient (≤20 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was higher in the spring (53.2%) and among females (29.5%). In young men with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (≤29.9 ng/mL) (n = 49), 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with HOMA-β (r = -0.234, p = 0.032) and triglyceride (r = -0.415, p = 0.003) levels. However, there were no significant correlations between 25(OH)D concentrations and biochemical markers among women with insufficient and deficient vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION This study found a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency among young individuals living in Brasília, Brazil, particularly women and during the spring season. Our findings suggest that lower 25(OH)D levels (≤29.9 ng/mL) may be associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in young men studied. However, further studies with larger representative samples are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the association between vitamin D and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiania/GO, Brazil
| | - Maísa Miranda Araújo
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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da Silva LF, Soroldoni S, Kessler F, Fernandes AN, Pinho GLL. Influence of UV exposure time and simulated marine environment on different microplastic degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:121450-121464. [PMID: 37950129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of environmental factors (UV radiation and salinity) in the degradative process of microplastics (MPs). MPs derived from polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were subjected to accelerated photodegradation while being submerged in distilled water or artificial seawater. Depending on the polymer, changes in surface properties, new functional chemical group formation and oxidative index, and thermal characteristics of samples were observed. After photodegradation experiments, EVA-MPs samples showed an increase in their thermal resistance, besides the changes in their surface. PP-MPs crystallinity index increased upon exposure to UV radiation. PS samples showed a higher carbonyl and hydroxyl index after 30 h of UV exposure. The methodology exploited applies to any location in the world and can be comparable once considering the total ultraviolet index (UVI). The saline medium increases the crystallinity index of PP and EVA-MPs samples and intensifies the formation of new carbonyl and hydroxyl bonds in EVA-MPs samples. The results showed that several environmental factors should be considered in interpreting MPs photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Freire da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Sanye Soroldoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Kessler
- Escola de Química E Alimentos, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Andreia Neves Fernandes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio A, Sala 218/2, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Souza AMDE, Peres LV, Bittencourt GD, Pinheiro DK, Lopes BC, Anabor V, Leme NMP, Martins MPP, Silva RDA, Reis GCGD, Reis MAGD, Bageston JV, Bencherif H. Impacts of the antartic ozone hole influence events over southern Brazil in October 2015. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20210528. [PMID: 37820118 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320210528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the Antarctic Ozone Hole Influence over Southern Brazil in October 2015 was analyzed using daily mean data of the Total Column Ozone (TCO), Ultraviolet Index (UVI) and Radiative Cloud Fraction (RCF) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument satellite instrument. Vertical profiles and fields of ozone content and Potential Vorticity available from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast reanalysis, air masses backward trajectories from the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model and channel 3 water vapor images from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOES-13 were also analyzed. The five identified events showed an -7.4±2.3% average TCO reduction, leading to an +16.6±54.6% UVI increase even with a predominance of partly cloudy days. Other impacts were observed in the ozone profiles, where the most significant anomalies occurred from 650 K reaching 1.2 ppmv at the 850 K level. In the ozone fields at 700 K, the presence of a polar origin tongue was observed causing negatives anomalies between -0.2 and 0.4 ppmv in a transient system format forced with eastward-traveling Rossby waves passing through the Southern of Brazil and Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna M DE Souza
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Engenharia e Geociências, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68040-255 Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucas V Peres
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Engenharia e Geociências, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68040-255 Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Gabriela D Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Damaris K Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana C Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vagner Anabor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Neusa M P Leme
- Coordenação Espacial do Nordeste, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Rua Carlos Serrano, 2073, Lagoa Nova, 59076-740 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria Paulete P Martins
- Coordenação Geral de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Ciências Espaciais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Av. Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo DA Silva
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Engenharia e Geociências, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68040-255 Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C G Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Engenharia e Geociências, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68040-255 Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio G Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Engenharia e Geociências, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68040-255 Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - José V Bageston
- Coordenação Espacial do Sul, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-340 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Hassan Bencherif
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones - LACy, Université de La Réunion, UMR 8105, 97744, Reunion Island, France
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Flament F, Mercurio DG, Catalan E, Bouhadanna E, Delaunay C, Miranda DF, Passeron T. Impact on facial skin aging signs of a 1-year standardized photoprotection over a classical skin care routine in skin phototypes II-VI individuals: A prospective randomized trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2090-2097. [PMID: 37247191 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data reflecting the impact of photoprotection on cutaneous aging are scarce and mostly limited to fair skin. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a photoprotective product in counteracting the photoaging process in different skin phototypes over 1 year compared against a classical routine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and ninety Brazilian women aged 30-65 years, with skin phototype II-VI were equally randomized in two groups. Group 1 kept on their routine whereas Group 2 applied, twice daily, a photoprotective product (SPF 60, PPD = 24.1) replacing the one they routinely used. Volunteers reported the duration of their daily sun-exposure. Standardized photographs taken at D0 and D365 were analysed by 15 dermatologists to assess eight wrinkles and pigmentation signs. RESULTS A global increase in severity was reported which was significant for Group 1. This increase was lower in Group 2 where only half the signs showed significant worsening. In Group 2 versus Group 1, the increase in forehead wrinkles, marionette lines, wrinkles created by ptosis and size of dark spot was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 30%-50%. CONCLUSION Daily application of a high photoprotective product significantly decreases the progression of skin aging signs after 1 year in skin phototypes II-VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Flament
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | - D G Mercurio
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Catalan
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | | | - C Delaunay
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, France
| | | | - T Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Carneiro MC, Quenta-Huayhua MG, Peralta-Mamani M, Honório HM, Santos PSDS, Rubira-Bullen IRF, Rubira CMF. Clinicopathological Analysis of Actinic Cheilitis: A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:708-721. [PMID: 36892803 PMCID: PMC10514011 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to conduct a complete investigation of the demographic aspects, clinicopathological features, degrees of epithelial dysplasia, and malignant transformation rate of actinic cheilitis. METHODS The study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020201254). A search without year and language restrictions was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature. Studies that provided information on patients with actinic cheilitis were included, excluding those with general information on other diseases or other types of cheilitis. Risk of bias was explored using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Narrative and quantitative data syntheses were performed using meta-analyses and subgroup analyses. Association tests were also performed. RESULTS Thirteen studies (728 patients) were included. The most prevalent clinical signs were dryness (99%), blurred demarcation between the lip vermilion and skin (82%), scaling (69%), and atrophy (69%). Regarding epithelial dysplasia, a prevalence of mild dysplasia (34.2%), followed by moderate (27.5%), and severe (14.9%). The malignant transformation rate was 14%. Crusts, ulcerations, and erythematous areas were associated with lip carcinoma (p < 0.001), and scaling was associated with actinic cheilitis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed several features of actinic cheilitis, providing an overview of the disease. It is suggested that new studies help develop policy guides for the standardization of clinical criteria, enabling more rigorous and homogeneous analysis of actinic cheilitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailon Cury Carneiro
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Milenka Gabriela Quenta-Huayhua
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Mariela Peralta-Mamani
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Heitor Marques Honório
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics, and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Cássia Maria Fischer Rubira
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology, and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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Volke MI, Abarca-Del-Rio R, Ulloa-Tesser C. Impact of mobility restrictions on NO 2 concentrations in key Latin American cities during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. URBAN CLIMATE 2023; 48:101412. [PMID: 36627949 PMCID: PMC9816081 DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Between March and June 2020, activity in the major cities of Latin America declined due to containment efforts implemented by local governments to avoid the rapid spread of COVID-19. Our study compared 2020 with the previous year and demonstrated a considerable drop in tropospheric NO2 levels obtained by the SENTINEL 5P satellite in major Latin American cities. Lima (47.5%), Santiago (36.1%), São Paulo (27%), Rio de Janeiro (23%), Quito (18.6%), Bogota (17.5%), Buenos Aires (16.6%), Guayaquil (15.3%), Medellin (14.2%), La Paz (9.5%), Belo Horizonte (7.8%), Mexico (7.6%) and Brasilia (5.9%) registered statistically significant decreases in NO2 concentrations during the study period. In addition, we analyzed mobility data from Google and Apple reports as well as meteorological information from atmospheric reanalysis data along with satellite fields between 2011 and 2020, and performed a refined multivariate analysis (non-negative matrix approximation) to show that this decrease was associated with a reduction in population mobility rather than meteorological factors. Our findings corroborate the argument that confinement scenarios may indicate how air pollutant concentrations can be effectively reduced and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias I Volke
- Energy Doctoral Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Abarca-Del-Rio
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Claudia Ulloa-Tesser
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Environmental Science and EULA Center, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
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Tsuchida K, Sakiyama N, Ogura Y, Kobayashi M. Skin lightness affects ultraviolet A-induced oxidative stress: Evaluation using ultraweak photon emission measurement. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:146-153. [PMID: 36256509 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human skin is usually exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) in the sunlight and experiences oxidative stress associated with skin disorders and aging. Although oxidative stress caused by UVA exposure is assumed to be dependent on skin colour, few studies have demonstrated this dependency. We investigated the effects of skin colour on UVA-induced oxidative stress using ultraweak photon emission (UPE) generated from the skin during oxidation processes. The UPE intensities of skin samples were detected using a photomultiplier tube every second without any labelling. We irradiated skin tissue of different colours with UVA and measured UPE over time. UVA-induced UPE could be detected from immediately after irradiation to 2 h after irradiation, indicating persistent oxidative stress. Skin lightness (L*) positively correlates with UPE intensity. Lighter-coloured skin exhibited more UVA-induced UPE, indicating higher oxidative stress. Additionally, oxidative stress persisted significantly more in lighter skin compared with darker skin. Skin tissues exhibited pigment darkening after UVA irradiation. Our results suggest that skin lightness affects oxidative stress induced by UV irradiation. Our study demonstrated the relationship between skin lightness and UVA-induced oxidative stress for the first time and offers new photodermatological insights into the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Ogura
- Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Graduate Department of Electronics, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
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Chen X, Gao X, Yu P, Spanu L, Hinojosa J, Zhang S, Long M, Alvarez PJJ, Masiello CA. Rapid Simulation of Decade-Scale Charcoal Aging in Soil: Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Their Environmental Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:128-138. [PMID: 36525597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ aging can change biochar properties, influencing their ecosystem benefits or risks over time. However, there is a lack of field verification of laboratory methods that attempt simulation of long-term natural aging of biochar. We exploited a decade-scale natural charcoal (a proxy for biochar) aging event to determine which lab-aging methods best mimicked field aging. We oxidized charcoal by ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), H2O2, or monochloramine (NH2Cl), and compared it to 10-year field-aged charcoal. We considered seven selected charcoal properties related to surface chemistry and organic matter release, and found that oxidation with 30% H2O2 most representatively simulated 10-year field aging for six out of seven properties. UVA aging failed to approximate oxidation levels while showing a distinctive dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release pattern. NH2Cl-aged charcoal was the most different, showing an increased persistent free radical (PFR) concentration and lower hydrophilicity. All lab oxidation techniques overpredicted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release. The O/C ratio was well-correlated with DOC release, PFR concentration, surface charge, and charcoal pH, indicating the possibility to accurately predict biochar aging with a reduced suite of physicochemical properties. Overall, our rapid and verified lab-aging methods facilitate research toward derisking and enhancing long-term benefits of biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Leonardo Spanu
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Jessica Hinojosa
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Caroline A Masiello
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Cruz RYMS, Arévalo SV, Rashid A, Jara MRA, Prado MSA. Antioxidant and photoprotective potential of Polypodium leucotomos. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Polypodium leucotomos has emerged with a great interest for having medicinal and therapeutic potential. It is producing very promising results due to the presence of antioxidant and photoprotective properties. Electronic libraries and databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies; 79 publications contributed to this review regarding Polypodium leucotomos botanical aspects, chemical composition, antioxidant and photoprotective activity. It is used in complementary and alternative therapies with various pharmaceutical dosage forms (systemic or topical). Thanks to the composition of phytochemical constituents present in the leaves and rhizomes which confer antioxidant and photoprotective activity that has clinical therapeutic potential to be used as systemic and topical sunscreen of natural origin for the prevention of different types of skin diseases caused by harmful ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B radiations. However, more studies are needed in the future to test the ability and enhance the capacity of sunscreen and sunblock in cosmetic formulations. To conclude, it is recommended to carry out scientific studies based on different analytical methods to evaluate the phytoconstituents potential and to develop stable pharmaceutical formulations according to the skin phototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Yesela Mancilla Santa Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Professional School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of San Cristóbal of Huamanga, Ayacucho 05001, Peru
| | - Sharon Velásquez Arévalo
- Department of Pharmacotechnics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, National University of Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru
| | - Anas Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Marco Rolando Aronés Jara
- Professional School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of San Cristóbal of Huamanga, Ayacucho 05001, Peru
| | - María Segunda Aurora Prado
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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da Luz Moreira A, de Campos Lobato LF, de Lima Moreira JP, Luiz RR, Elia C, Fiocchi C, de Souza HSP. Geosocial Features and Loss of Biodiversity Underlie Variable Rates of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Large Developing Country: A Population-Based Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1696-1708. [PMID: 35089325 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in developing countries may uncover etiopathogenic factors. We investigated IBD prevalence in Brazil by investigating its geographic, spatial, and temporal distribution, and attempted to identify factors associated with its recent increase. METHODS A drug prescription database was queried longitudinally to identify patients and verify population distribution and density, race, urbanicity, sanitation, and Human Development Index. Prevalence was calculated using the number of IBD patients and the population estimated during the same decade. Data were matched to indices using linear regression analyses. RESULTS We identified 162 894 IBD patients, 59% with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 41% with Crohn's disease (CD). The overall prevalence of IBD was 80 per 100 000, with 46 per 100 000 for UC and 36 per 100 000 for CD. Estimated rates adjusted to total population showed that IBD more than triplicated from 2008 to 2017. The distribution of IBD demonstrated a South-to-North gradient that generally followed population apportionment. However, marked regional differences and disease clusters were identified that did not fit with conventionally accepted IBD epidemiological associations, revealing that the rise of IBD was variable. In some areas, loss of biodiversity was associated with high IBD prevalence. CONCLUSIONS When distribution is considered in the context of IBD prevalence, marked regional differences become evident. Despite a background of Westernization, hotspots of IBD are recognized that are not explained by population density, urbanicity, sanitation, or other indices but apparently are explained by biodiversity loss. Thus, the rise of IBD in developing countries is not uniform, but rather is one that varies depending on yet unexplored factors like geoecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre da Luz Moreira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ronir Raggio Luiz
- Institute of Collective Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celeste Elia
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Immunity & Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Merin KA, Shaji M, Kameswaran R. A Review on Sun Exposure and Skin Diseases. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:625. [PMID: 36865856 PMCID: PMC9971785 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1092_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the thin layer of tissue forming the natural integumentary system of the body that acts as a barrier to protect it from exogenous and endogenous factors that induce undesirable biological responses in the body. Among these risk factors, skin damage triggered by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an escalating problem in dermatology with an increased incidence of acute and chronic cutaneous reactions. Several epidemiological studies have provided evidence for both beneficial and harmful effects of sunlight, particularly the solar UVR exposure of human beings. Due to overexposure to solar UVR on the earth's surface, outdoor professionals such as farmers, rural workers, builders and road workers are most vulnerable to developing occupational skin diseases. Indoor tanning is also associated with increased risks for various dermatological diseases. Sunburn is described as the erythematic acute cutaneous response in addition to increased melanin and apoptosis of keratinocytes to prevent skin carcinoma. Alterations in molecular, pigmentary and morphological characteristics cause carcinogenic progression in skin malignancies and premature ageing of the skin. Solar UV damage leads to immunosuppressive skin diseases such as phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. UV-induced pigmentation persists for a longer time, called long-lasting pigmentation. Sunscreen is the most mentioned skin protective behaviour and it is the most promoted part of the sun smart message along with other effective skin protection strategies such as clothing, that is, long sleeves, hats and sunglasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- KA Merin
- From the Doctor of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, J. K. K Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Merin Shaji
- From the Doctor of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, J. K. K Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kameswaran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, J. K. K Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Kumarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Egbuim TC, Onyeuwaoma ND, Okere BI, Ezenwugo MH, Chukwudi AO, Uhiene GO, Ugwuozor ND, Shaibu BI, Ugboma EA, Ewim DRE. Erythemal UV radiation across Nigeria: where do we stand? Heliyon 2022; 8:e10158. [PMID: 36039140 PMCID: PMC9418198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on humans are of public health concern which demands constant global monitoring and intervention. This study analysed the latitudinal variations in mean daily and multi-year erythemal ultraviolet radiation (EUVR) across 7 states in Nigeria using satellite data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrophotometer (TOMS) and Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI). The latitudes studied were 13° N, 8° N, 6° N and 4° N respectively, using 37 years of data obtained from phases: 1979–1988, 1989–1998, 1999–2008 and 2009–2020. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Ms Excel and MATLAB. The results of this study show that the mean daily EUVR at the selected latitudes ranges from 32.97 to 390 (mW/m2). The results show that Borno State located at latitude 13° N had the highest EUVR, while Rivers State recorded the least EUVR at latitude 4° N. Comparative analysis of all the locations studied indicates latitudinal and longitudinal variations because the eastern axis recorded higher values than its western counterpart on the same latitude. Box and whisker plots in this study summarized the latitudinal variance in the mean multi-year EUVR in each phase. Box and whisker plots from 2009–2020 showed that there was a drastic reduction in mean multi-year EUVR in this phase unlike in the other phases. The findings of this study when compared to the UV index show that the 37 years mean EUVR obtained across Nigeria ranged from 8–10 which is on the “very high” category. This study recommends the implementation of WHO suggestions in preventing the biological effects of solar UV radiation. Furthermore, the Nigerian government should curb ignorance among its citizens by heightening public awareness of the effects of EUVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Egbuim
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Nnaemeka D Onyeuwaoma
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Bonaventure I Okere
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Mercy H Ezenwugo
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Augustina O Chukwudi
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Godspower O Uhiene
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi D Ugwuozor
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Baba I Shaibu
- Planetary Science Division, Centre for Basic Space Science, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Emeka A Ugboma
- Institute of Geophysics, Atmospheric Physics Department, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel R E Ewim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
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Araújo MM, Mendes MM, Lanham-New SA, Borges LPSL, da Costa THM, de Carvalho KMB, Botelho PB. Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Factors in Long-term Bariatric Surgery Patients: a Cross-sectional Study. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2386-2396. [PMID: 35513763 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a common consequence of bariatric surgery (BS). However, few studies have evaluated influential factors and to date there are no studies investigating individual ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation levels in BS patients. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors, including UVB radiation, in Roux-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients. METHODS This study included 104 adults (90.4% female) at least 5 years after RYGB. Patients underwent surgery in private hospitals (Private; n = 47) or in two public hospitals, one with ongoing outpatient care (Active; n = 17), and the other with discontinued service for BS (Discontinued; n = 40). 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were analyzed by chemiluminescence, individual UVB radiation levels by dosimeter badges. Vitamin D intake, anthropometric, skin phototype, sociodemographic and lifestyle patterns were also assessed. RESULTS Mean age was 49.6 ± 9.1 years and post-operative period 8.7 ± 2.2 years. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency was 25.0% and 51.9% respectively. 25(OH)D concentration differed among the hospitals (private = 26.2 ± 8.5; active = 28.7 ± 11.4; discontinued = 23.5 ± 6.5 ng/mL; p = 0.038). A total of 26.2% of the variance observed in 25(OH)D concentrations was explained by daily UVB radiation levels (β = 0.224; p = 0.032) and vitamin D intake (β = 0.431; p < 0.001), controlling for age and BMI. CONCLUSION A quarter of the evaluated patients presented vitamin D deficiency, which was associated with the discontinuation of the health care, higher BMI, lower vitamin D intake, and lower individual UVB radiation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Miranda Araújo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Federal District, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela Moraes Mendes
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Federal District, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Susan A Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Federal District, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Federal District, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
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Addor FAS, Barcaui CB, Gomes EE, Lupi O, Marçon CR, Miot HA. Sunscreen lotions in the dermatological prescription: review of concepts and controversies. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:204-222. [PMID: 35039207 PMCID: PMC9073257 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is regularly exposed to several environmental aggressions, including solar radiation, whose biological effects can induce sunburn, dyschromia, skin aging and cancer. Among the photoprotection measures, sunscreens comprise a relevant part of the strategy aimed to prevent solar radiation damage and, for effective action, the patient must adhere to the product use and the latter, in turn, must follow technical parameters to promote adequate protection. This review article brings together the most current and relevant concepts about photoprotection for dermatological use, including the challenges for their formulation, the risks of certain photoprotective active substances for individual and environmental safety and the importance of stringency in determining the product efficacy, considering the regulatory aspects, highlighting relevant differences between Brazil and other countries. Thus, when assessing a sunscreen, not only the visual aspects and sensory perception will be immediately evaluated, but also the quality and suitability of the vehicle, the chemical composition of the formulation, the environmental risks, the photostability of the screening system, and the measurement of its protection spectrum. Technical knowledge of sunscreens can help dermatologists in this important role of educating patients about the best photoprotective strategies in each situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Baptista Barcaui
- Dermatology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Dermatology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elimar Elias Gomes
- Cancer Center, Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar Lupi
- Dermatology Service, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro (PGRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Clinical Immunology Service, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Gamonal SBL, Gamonal ACC, Marques NCV, Brandão MAF, Raposo NRB. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a biomarker of vitamin D status in plaque psoriasis and other dermatological diseases: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:131-137. [PMID: 35976371 PMCID: PMC10005464 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0164.r1.19052022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is a public health problem associated with several chronic inflammatory and immunological diseases, including psoriasis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with plaque psoriasis. A comparison was made between vitamin D levels in patients with psoriasis and those with other non-inflammatory dermatoses without photosensitivity. In addition, it evaluated the effects of the patients' Fitzpatrick skin phototype and the season of the year on the serum levels of vitamin D. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient clinic in a university center in Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil. METHODS A review of dermatology patients' demographic data, including skin phototype and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], over 12 months in 2016. RESULTS This study included 554 patients: 300 patients allocated to the plaque psoriasis group and 254 control patients with other dermatological diseases. Regarding the season of the year, 229, 132, 62, and 131 participants were evaluated in summer, autumn, winter, and spring, respectively. As for the skin phototype, 397, 139, and 18 patients had phototypes III, IV, and V, respectively. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in the psoriasis group (24.91 ± 7.16 ng/mL) than in the control group (30.37 ± 8.14 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Hypovitaminosis D (< 30 ng/mL) was present in 76.66% of patients with psoriasis versus 53.94% of control patients. Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was observed in 25% of the patients with psoriasis versus 8.66% in the control group (P < 0.001). The season and patient's skin phototype were independent predictors of serum vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Braga Lima Gamonal
- MD, MSc, PhD. Researcher, Physician and Professor, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Dermatologia (NUPEDE), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil; and Researcher, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
| | - Aloisio Carlos Couri Gamonal
- MD, MSc, PhD. Physician and Professor, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Dermatologia (NUPEDE), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
| | - Nathália Couri Vieira Marques
- Undergraduate Student, Medicine, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Dermatologia (NUPEDE), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Fernandes Brandão
- PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
| | - Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo
- MSc, PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil
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Nascimento MID, Moraes JRFCD, Silva ERC, Mota MGGD, Guimarães RM. Tendências na Mortalidade por Câncer de Pele não Melanoma no Brasil e suas Macrorregiões. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2022v68n1.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: O câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM) e o mais comum entre todas as malignidades. Objetivo: Descrever as tendências da mortalidade por CPNM no Brasil e nas suas Macrorregiões, de 2001 a 2018. Método: As taxas de mortalidade ajustadas por idade e estratificadas por sexo foram apresentadas por 100 mil pessoas-ano. Uma análise autorregressiva foi implementada para avaliar tendências, Mudança Percentual Anual (MPA) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Houve 27.550 óbitos por CPNM no Brasil com maior frequência em homens (58,1%) e entre pessoas de 70 anos e mais (64,3%). As taxas globais foram de 2,25 (homens) e 1,22 (mulheres) por 100 mil pessoas-ano. As tendências seguiram em elevação no Brasil, em homens (MPA: 2,91%; IC95%: 1,96%; 3,86%) e em mulheres (MPA: 3,51%; IC95%: 2,68%; 4,34%). O mesmo ocorreu na Região Norte, em homens (MPA: 9,75%; IC95%: 7,68%; 11,86%) e em mulheres (MPA: 10,38%; IC95%: 5,77%; 15,21%), bem como na Região Nordeste, em homens (MPA: 9,98%; IC95%: 5,59%; 14,57%) e em mulheres (MPA: 8,34%; IC95%: 3,29%; 13,64%). Conclusão: Os óbitos por CPNM não são raridade no Brasil. O país e as Regiões Norte e Nordeste experimentaram taxas com tendência em elevação. Norte e Nordeste são as Regiões mais próximas da Linha do Equador e as menos desenvolvidas socioeconomicamente. Nessas Macrorregiões, um sinergismo entre diferentes tipos de desigualdades e exposições ambientais pode estar promovendo um aumento dos óbitos por esse tipo de câncer considerado totalmente evitável.
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Infante VHP, Bagatin E, Maia Campos PMBG. Skin photoaging in young men: A clinical study by skin imaging techniques. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:341-351. [PMID: 33728691 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in skin physiology and lifestyle among people can influence the skin damage caused by solar radiation. Photoprotection habits play an important role to prevent skin photoaging. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin changes resulting from solar exposure in young men by skin imaging techniques. METHODS Twenty-three male, aged 18-28 years, with and without photoprotection habits participated in the study. Instrumental measurements in terms of dermis thickness and echogenicity (20 mHz ultrasound - DermaScanC® ), morphological and structural skin characterization (Reflectance Confocal Microscopy - VivaScope® 1500) and high-resolution imaging (Visioface® ) were performed in the malar region of the face. RESULTS Pigmentation disorders, telangiectasia, wrinkles and lower dermis echogenicity were observed in the skin of subjects without photoprotection habits. Reflectance Confocal Microscopy images showed an irregular honeycomb pattern (35%), polycyclic papillae (40%) and coarse collagen fibres (35%), which are related to photoaging. CONCLUSION Sun exposure without photoprotection results in a loss of dermal echogenicity and changes in the epidermis structure and collagen fibres regardless of chronological age. Thus, the study adds data for a discussion about correct photoprotection habits among young people and can help to increase the use of sunscreens for male public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ediléia Bagatin
- Medical School - Federal University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sun-induced production of vitamin D 3 throughout 1 year in tropical and subtropical regions: relationship with latitude, cloudiness, UV-B exposure and solar zenith angle. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:265-274. [PMID: 33721248 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the differences in vitamin D3 synthesis in two different latitudes throughout 1 year using an in vitro model, which simulates cutaneous vitamin D photoproduction. Borosilicate ampoules containing 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) were exposed to sunlight hourly throughout the daylight hours, 1 day per month for a year, in Fortaleza (latitude 03° 43' 01" S-LAT3° S) and Sao Paulo (latitude 23° 32' 53" S-LAT23° S). Later, vitamin D3 and photoisomers of 7-DHC (tachysterol and lumisterol) were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC). Vitamin D synthesis weighted UV radiation (UVBVitD) and solar zenith angle (SZA) were calculated during the same periods for both latitudes. Vitamin D3 synthesis occurred throughout the year in both locations, as expected in latitudes lower than 35°. Median of photoconversion to vitamin D3 through the year was higher in LAT3°S [median (IQR): LAT 3°S 4.1% (6.0); LAT 23°S 2.9% (4.5); p value = 0.020]. Vitamin D3 production strongly correlated with UV-B (LAT3° S, r = 0.917; p < 0.0001 and at LAT23° S, r = 0.879; p < 0.0001) and SZA (LAT3° S, r = - 0.924; p < 0.0001 and in LAT23°S, r = - 0.808; p < 0.0001). Vitamin D3 production starts later in LAT23° S, especially in winter. Lowest percentages were observed in June in both cities, although, compared to LAT3° S, in LAT 23° S the conversion was over 50% lower in the winter period. Cloudiness impaired photoproduction of Vitamin D3 even in summer months in both latitudes. Our results provide data to help guide medical recommendations for sensible sun exposure to promote the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 at different latitudes, seasonality, time of day and cloudiness status in Brazil.
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Was H, Borkowska A, Olszewska A, Klemba A, Marciniak M, Synowiec A, Kieda C. Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:24-36. [PMID: 33727077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy increase has been shown to occur in different type of tumors and participate in tumor initiation and resistance to the treatment. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are cells with multiple nuclei or a single giant nucleus containing multiple complete sets of chromosomes. The mechanism leading to formation of PGCCs may depend on: endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure, cell fusion or cell cannibalism. Polyploidy formation might be triggered in response to various genotoxic stresses including: chemotherapeutics, radiation, hypoxia, oxidative stress or environmental factors like: air pollution, UV light or hyperthermia. A fundamental feature of polyploid cancer cells is the generation of progeny during the reversal of the polyploid state (depolyploidization) that may show high aggressiveness resulting in the formation of resistant disease and tumor recurrence. Therefore, we propose that modern anti-cancer therapies should be designed taking under consideration polyploidization/ depolyploidization processes, which confer the polyploidization a hidden potential similar to a Trojan horse delayed aggressiveness. Various mechanisms and stress factors leading to polyploidy formation in cancer cells are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Marciniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Synowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
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Butt MF, Younis S, Wu Z, Hadi SH, Latif A, Martineau AR. The relationship between seasonality, latitude and tuberculosis notifications in Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:210. [PMID: 33632152 PMCID: PMC7905850 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pakistan ranks amongst the top 20 highest burden tuberculosis (TB) countries in the world. Approximately 369,548 cases of TB (all forms) were notified in 2018, with an estimated incidence of 265 per 100,000 people per year. In other settings, TB has been shown to demonstrate seasonal variation, with higher incidence in the spring/summer months and lower incidence in the autumn/winter; the amplitude of seasonal variation has also been reported to be higher with increasing distance from the equator. Methods Notifications of newly-diagnosed pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases were obtained for 139 districts in Pakistan from 2011 to 2017. Data were provided by the Pakistan National TB Control Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether there was seasonal variation in TB notifications in Pakistan; whether the amplitude of seasonal variation in TB notifications varied according to latitude; whether the amplitude of seasonal variation of TB in Pakistan differed between extrapulmonary TB vs. pulmonary TB. To assess the quarterly seasonality of TB, we used the X-13-ARIMA-SEATS seasonal adjustment programme from the United States Census Bureau. The mean difference and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of seasonal amplitudes between different latitudes and clinical phenotype of TB were estimated using linear regression. Results TB notifications were highest in quarter 2, and lowest in quarter 4. The mean amplitude of seasonal variation was 25.5% (95% CI 25.0 to 25.9%). The mean seasonal amplitude of TB notifications from latitude 24.5°N- < 26.5°N was 29.5% (95% CI 29.3 to 29.7%) whilst the mean seasonal amplitude of TB notifications from latitude 34.5°N - < 36.5°N was 21.7% (95% CI 19.6 to 23.9%). The mean seasonal amplitude of TB notifications across Pakistan between latitudes 24.5°N to 36.5°N reached statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). The amplitude of seasonal variation was greater for extrapulmonary TB (mean seasonal amplitude: 32.6, 95% CI 21.4 to 21.8%) vs. smear positive pulmonary TB mean seasonal amplitude: 21.6, 95% CI 32.1 to 33.1%), p < 0.001. Conclusion TB notifications in Pakistan exhibit seasonal variation with a peak in quarter 2 (April–June) and trough in quarter 4 (October–December). The amplitude of seasonality decreases with increasing latitude, and is more pronounced for extrapulmonary than for pulmonary TB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-05899-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin F Butt
- The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience, Trauma and Surgery, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 26 Ashfield Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AJ, UK. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Sidra Younis
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, Yvonne Carter Building, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 58 Turner Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Syed H Hadi
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Latif
- National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Yvonne Carter Building, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 58 Turner Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AB, UK
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Noyma NP, Mesquita MCB, Roland F, Marinho MM, Huszar VLM, Lürling M. Increasing Temperature Counteracts the Negative Effect of UV Radiation on Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Microcystis aeruginosa and Raphidiopsis raciborskii. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:753-762. [PMID: 33394510 DOI: 10.1111/php.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High temperature can promote cyanobacterial blooms, whereas ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can potentially depress cyanobacterial growth by damaging their photosynthetic apparatus. Although the damaging effect of UVR has been well documented, reports on the interactive effects of UV radiation exposure and warming on cyanobacteria remain scarce. To better understand the combined effects of temperature and UVR on cyanobacteria, two strains of nuisance species, Microcystis aeruginosa (MIRF) and Raphidiopsis raciborskii (formerly Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, CYRF), were grown at 24°C and 28°C and were daily exposed to UVA + UVB (PAR + UVA+UVB) or only UVA (PAR + UVA) radiation. MIRF and CYRF growth rates were most affected by PAR + UVA+UVB treatment and to a lesser extent by the PAR + UVA treatment. Negative UVR effects on growth, Photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and photosynthesis were pronounced at 24°C when compared to that at 28°C. Our results showed a cumulative negative effect on PSII efficiency in MIRF, but not in CYRF. Hence, although higher temperature ameliorates UVR damage, interspecific differences may lead to deviating impacts on different species, and combined elevated temperature and UVR stress could influence species competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcella C B Mesquita
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Roland
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vera L M Huszar
- Museu Nacional, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Giavina-Bianchi M, Santos AP, Cordioli E. Teledermatology reduces dermatology referrals and improves access to specialists. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 29-30:100641. [PMID: 33437950 PMCID: PMC7788431 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teledermatology may be used for triage in primary care to address skin conditions, improving access and reducing time to treat the most severe or surgical cases. We aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals who could be assessed in primary care using teledermatology, and how this affected the waiting time for an in-person dermatologist appointment. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study, involving 30,976 individuals and 55,624 skin lesions, was performed from July 2017 to July 2018 We assessed the frequency of diagnoses and referrals to biopsy, to in-person dermatologists, or to primary care, and compared the waiting time for an in-person dermatologist appointment before and after the teledermatology implementation. FINDINGS 53% of the patients were managed with the primary care physician, 43% were referred to in-person dermatologists and 4% directly to biopsy, leading to a reduction of 78% in the waiting time for in-person appointments when compared to the previous period. The most frequent diseases were: melanocytic nevus, seborrheic keratosis, acne, benign neoplasms, onychomycosis, atopic dermatitis, solar lentigo, melasma, xerosis, and epidermoid cyst, with significant differences according to sex, age and referrals. The most frequent treatment prescribed was emollient. INTERPRETATION The use of teledermatology as a triage tool significantly reduced the waiting time for in-person visits, improving health care access and utilizing public resources wisely. Knowledge of sex, age, diagnoses and treatment of common skin conditions can enable public policies for the prevention and orientation of the population, as it can be used to train general physicians to address such cases. FUNDING None.
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Felippim EC, Marcato PD, Maia Campos PMBG. Development of Photoprotective Formulations Containing Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Sun Protection Factor, Physical-Mechanical and Sensorial Properties. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:311. [PMID: 33161472 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun are cumulative and can result in chemical changes such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the regular use of sunscreen. As an alternative, the use of antioxidants, such as quercetin, into sunscreen can control these effects and provide additional skin photoprotection. However, quercetin presents low stability and poor permeation, alternatively, the encapsulation in nanoparticles can improve the stability and skin permeation. Thus, this study aimed to develop photoprotective formulations containing nanoencapsulated quercetin, characterize the physical-mechanical and sensorial properties, and evaluate the influence of nanocarriers on sun protection factor (SPF) and the immediate clinical effects. Sunscreen formulations with or without antioxidants in a free form or loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed. After the stability, rheological behavior, texture profile, and in vivo SPF (sun protector factor) evaluation, sixty female participants, aged between 20 and 35 years, were enclosed to evaluate the sensorial properties and immediate clinical effects of the formulation in the skin hydration using biophysical and skin imaging techniques. The correlation of rheological behavior, texture profile, and sensory properties enabled the correct choice of formulation ingredients. In addition, the use of NLCs with quercetin significantly improved the SPF in vivo of the developed photoprotective formulation, without increasing the amount of UV filters. Finally, the association of NLCs in the photoprotective formulation showed synergistic effects in the SPF and an improvement in the skin barrier function and hydration.
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Bertoldi C, de Cássia Campos Pena A, Dallegrave A, Fernandes AN, Gutterres M. Photodegradation of Emerging Contaminant 2-(tiocyanomethylthio) Benzothiazole (TCMTB) in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Transformation Products. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:433-439. [PMID: 32740745 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct photolysis of the emerging contaminant 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TMCTB) was performed in aqueous solution at different concentrations with high-pressure mercury lamp (5.0, 8.0, 13.0, 16.0, 20.0, 23.0, 27.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, and 50.0 mg L- 1) and with natural sunlight radiation (6.0, 30.0, and 60.0 mg L- 1). TCMTB underwent rapid degradation by direct photolysis with a high-pressure mercury lamp in aqueous solutions, with 99% removal after 30 min at all concentrations studied. For sunlight photolysis, TCMTB degradation was observed with 96%, 81%, and 64% removal for initial concentrations of 6.0, 30.0, and 60.0 mg L- 1, respectively, after 7 h of exposure to sunlight. The degradation of TCMTB in lab-scale wastewater had kinetic constant and t1/2 in the same order when compared to the photodegradation of TCMTB in aqueous solutions. In addition, the results showed that photolysis with a high-pressure mercury lamp and sunlight were governed by the same kinetic order, however the kinetic parameters showed that degradation with sunlight was 40 times slower than photolysis with the mercury lamp. Twelve transformation products (TP) were identified, and eight of the TP have not been described in the literature. Furthermore, prediction of toxicity with ECOSAR software was carried out for fish, daphnids, and green algae species. It showed that photolytic treatment is efficient for reducing the toxicity of the compound, since the degradation formed compounds with lower toxicity than the primary compound. In conclusion, this study suggests that photolysis is an efficient way to remove the studied contaminant, and it highlights the potential of this technique for the degradation of emerging contaminants in industrial wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crislaine Bertoldi
- Laboratory of Leather and Environmental Studies (LACOURO), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Luiz Englert s/n°, 90040- 040, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, n° 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Aline de Cássia Campos Pena
- Laboratory of Leather and Environmental Studies (LACOURO), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Luiz Englert s/n°, 90040- 040, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Dallegrave
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, n° 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreia N Fernandes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, n° 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mariliz Gutterres
- Laboratory of Leather and Environmental Studies (LACOURO), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Luiz Englert s/n°, 90040- 040, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Vaz VVA, Jardim da Silva L, Geihs MA, Maciel FE, Nery LEM, Vargas MA. Single and repeated low-dose UVB radiation exposures affect the visual system. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111941. [PMID: 32629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The visual system is an important biological indicator of effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, research has extensively investigated the effects of high-dose UV radiation in a single exposure, thus, the differential of this work was to investigate the effects of UVB radiation in low doses in single and repeated exposure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure to environmental UVB doses (0.09 J/cm2) on the retina and optic lobes of the crab Neohelice granulata. We evaluated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) levels, catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels and performed histological analysis. The crabs were exposed to UVB radiation for 1 or 60 days, while the control group was exposed to visible light. In the retina region, increases in ROS concentration and CAT and GST activities after the single exposure were observed. After 60 days of exposure, we observed an increase in ACAP levels. In the optic lobes, we observed an increase in GST activity and a decrease in LPO levels after the single exposure. However, we observed an increase in ROS concentration after 60 days of exposure. Moreover, after 60 days of exposure, infiltrating hemocytes in the retina and disorganization in neuron cell bodies of the external medulla were observed. In this sense, single and repeated exposure to low doses of UVB radiation induced changes in oxidative status and inflammatory process in the visual system of the crab Neohelice granulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmor Vinicius Araujo Vaz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Jardim da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alberto Geihs
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Everton Maciel
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Linde K, Wright CY, du Plessis JL. Subjective and objective skin colour of a farmworker group in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:923-931. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karlien Linde
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health University of Limpopo Sovenga South Africa
| | - Caradee Yael Wright
- Environmental and Health Research Unit South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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Arruda AP, Cardoso-Dos-Santos AC, Mariath LM, Feira MF, Kowalski TW, Bezerra KRF, da Silva LACT, Ribeiro EM, Schuler-Faccini L. A large family with CYLD cutaneous syndrome: medical genetics at the community level. J Community Genet 2020; 11:279-284. [PMID: 31792733 PMCID: PMC7295879 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-019-00447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in the cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) are associated with a rare autosomal dominant disease known as CYLD cutaneous syndrome (CCS). Patients present multiple neoplasms originating from skin appendages. Here, we investigated the main clinical and molecular features of a large family with CCS having lived in a small Brazilian town for 6 generations, making its prevalence significantly high. We observed a predominance of the disease among males and a wide phenotypic variation. A high frequency of basal cell carcinomas among affected people was found. The mutation c.2806C>T, p.Arg936* in the CYLD gene was detected in all patients. In this work, a geographical cluster of CCS was found, which raised some community genetics issues related not only to the high prevalence of a rare disease in a limited area but also to the strong social stigma associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Pontes Arruda
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Augusto César Cardoso-Dos-Santos
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luiza Monteavaro Mariath
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Mariléa Furtado Feira
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics, INAGEMP-Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501, Porto Alegre, RS, -970, Brazil.
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Demographic and Clinicopathologic Features of Actinic Cheilitis and Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a Brazilian Multicentre Study. Head Neck Pathol 2020; 14:899-908. [PMID: 32077056 PMCID: PMC7669919 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Data on the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are well studied; however, they are based on studies limited to a single centre. Herein, we described the frequency of AC and LSCC submitted to microscopic examination from representative geographic regions of Brazil. A retrospective multicentre study was performed on biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2018 at 10 Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. A total of 198,709 biopsy specimens were surveyed. Sociodemographic data and clinicopathologic characteristics were analysed. A total of 2017 cases of ACs (1.0%) and 850 cases of LSCCs (0.4%) were recorded. A strong fair-skinned (> 87%) male (> 70%) predilection was observed in both conditions. The mean age was 54.8 ± 18.7 for individuals with AC and 57.8 ± 19.0 for individuals with LSCC. The most commonly affected site was the lower lip (> 90%). This is a large multicentre study of AC and LSCC from Brazil. The frequency and clinicopathological features of AC and LSCC were similar to those described worldwide. This study provides robust and representative epidemiological data of these conditions for the scientific community.
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Niobium Oxide Catalysts as Emerging Material for Textile Wastewater Reuse: Photocatalytic Decolorization of Azo Dyes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Niobium-based metal oxides are emerging semiconductor materials with barely explored properties for photocatalytic wastewater remediation. Brazil possesses the greatest reserves of niobium worldwide, being a natural resource that is barely exploited. Environmental applications of solar active niobium photocatalysts can provide opportunities in the developing areas of Northeast Brazil, which receives over 22 MJ m2 of natural sunlight irradiation annually. The application of photocatalytic treatment could incentivize water reuse practices in small and mid-sized textile businesses in the region. This work reports the facile synthesis of Nb2O5 catalysts and explores their performance for the treatment of colored azo dye effluents. The high photoactivity of this alternative photocatalyst makes it possible to quickly obtain complete decolorization, in less than 40 min of treatment. The optimal operational conditions are defined as 1.0 g L−1 Nb2O5 loading in slurry, 0.2 M of H2O2, pH 5.0 to treat up to 15 mg L−1 of methyl orange solution. To evaluate reutilization without photocatalytic activity loss, the Nb2O5 was recovered after the experience and reused, showing the same decolorization rate after several cycles. Therefore, Nb2O5 appears to be a promising photocatalytic material with potential applicability in wastewater treatment due to its innocuous character and high stability.
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Leone P, Guevara-Ramírez P, Zambrano A, Pérez-Villa A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, García-Cárdenas J, Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Yumiceba V, Paz-y-Miño C. Genes involved in damage response caused by UV radiation in Ecuadorian population of different altitude regions. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Albinism: epidemiology, genetics, cutaneous characterization, psychosocial factors. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:503-520. [PMID: 31777350 PMCID: PMC6857599 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the complete absence or decrease of melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes. Due to the reduction or absence of melanin, albinos are highly susceptible to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and are at increased risk of actinic damage and skin cancer. In Brazil, as in other parts of the world, albinism remains a little known disorder, both in relation to epidemiological data and to phenotypic and genotypic variation. In several regions of the country, individuals with albinism have no access to resources or specialized medical care, and are often neglected and deprived of social inclusion. Brazil is a tropical country, with a high incidence of solar radiation during the year nationwide. Consequently, actinic damage and skin cancer occur early and have a high incidence in this population, often leading to premature death. Skin monitoring of these patients and immediate therapeutic interventions have a positive impact in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Health education is important to inform albinos and their families, the general population, educators, medical professionals, and public agencies about the particularities of this genetic condition. The aim of this article is to present a review of the epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and psychosocial characteristics of albinism, with a focus in skin changes caused by this rare pigmentation disorder.
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Marçon CR, Moraes JC, de Olivas Ferreira MAM, Oliari CB. Dermatological and Epidemiological Profiles of Patients with Albinism in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2017: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dermatology 2019; 236:219-227. [PMID: 31461704 DOI: 10.1159/000502034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disease caused by complete absence of or decrease in melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes. Due to the reduction or absence of melanin, albinos are highly susceptible to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation and are at greater risk of actinic damage and skin cancer. There are no epidemiological data on the incidence of albinism in Brazil. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with albinism treated by the Pró-Albino Program of the Dermatology Clinic of Santa Casa de Misericórdia from its beginning in 2010 until 2017. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the records of all consecutive albino patients admitted to the service in the study period were reviewed. Sociodemographic data, family history, and dermatological clinical data were collected. RESULTS Between March 2010 and April 2017, 191 patients were admitted, of whom 109 were female (57.07%) and the age range was 0-92 years, with >30% under the age of 18 years. Consanguinity among the parents was confirmed by 26% of the patients. Unprotected sun exposure was reported by 109 (57.07%), and 138 (72.25%) had a history of sunburn. Of the 146 records with information, 38 had skin cancer (26%), with a mean age of 47.4 (p < 0.0001); the youngest patient diagnosed with a cutaneous tumor was 23 years old. The prevalence of actinic damage was high. There was information on solar elastosis and actinic keratosis in 148 medical records, of which 96 (64.8%) patients had elastosis and 75 (50.67%) keratoses. Elastosis, keratosis, and skin cancer were significantly associated with age, unprotected sun exposure, and sunburn (p < 0.05). Of the 37 (26% of the sample of 146) patients with a previous or current history of skin cancer, it was possible to identify the histological type in 29 (13 men and 16 women); of these, 18 (62%) were basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 15 (51%) were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 2 (7%) were melanomas. Of these, 4 cases (14%) presented the 2 types of carcinoma (BCC and SCC), and the 2 that had a diagnosis of melanoma also had BCC. Some patients had multiple ulcerated tumors. The tumor site was preferentially in the head and neck (43%), trunk (37%) and limbs (20%). CONCLUSIONS Albinos represent a risk group for skin cancer and other actinic lesions. These lesions were found to be prevalent in the albinos seen by the program and probably reflect the characteristics found in the Brazilian albino population. Access to health care, especially through multidisciplinary programs that enable the diagnosis and early treatment of these lesions, health education, and the use of photoprotective measures can reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life of patients with this rare genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reato Marçon
- Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, .,Pró-Albino Program of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - José Cassio Moraes
- Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Collective Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Antonio Maia de Olivas Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pró-Albino Program of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Bilac Oliari
- Department of Dermatology, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Coutinho RCS, dos Santos AF, da Costa JG, Vanderlei AD. Sun exposure, skin lesions and vitamin D production: evaluation in a population of fishermen. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:279-286. [PMID: 31365655 PMCID: PMC6668935 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20197201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to UVR provides benefits related to vitamin D synthesis, but also causes harms, since UVB is considered a complete carcinogen. There is no definition of the level of sun exposure and the proportion of exposed body required for proper synthesis of vitamin D in the skin without causing it damage. OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyze the sun exposure index, vitamin D levels and clinical changes in the skin caused by constant sun exposure in the fishermen population. METHODS It is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of fishermen and was calculated in 174 individuals. The questionnaire was applied, the dermatological examination was carried out and the examinations of calcidiol, parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus were requested. Data were expressed as percentages. The comparative analysis was done through the Chi-square test, and the correlations were established through the Pearson's linear coefficient. Results: We observed that there was vitamin D deficiency in a small part of the cases (11.46%), and the frequency of diagnosis of skin cancer was 2.7% of the cases surveyed. STUDY LIMITATIONS The difficulty in categorizing the sun exposure index. CONCLUSION The fact that fishermen expose themselves to the sun chronically and have been exposed to the sun for more than 15 years, between 21 and 28 hours a week, and without photoprotection, were indicative factors for protection against vitamin D deficiency. Chronic exposure to sun and high vitamin levels D may be indicative of protection of this population against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cavalcanti Soriano Coutinho
- Discipline of Dermatology, Centro Universitário CESMAC,
Maceió (AL), Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in Health
Research, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió (AL), Brazil
| | - Aldenir Feitosa dos Santos
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in Health
Research, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió (AL), Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in
Analysis of Environmental Systems, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió
(AL), Brazil
- Discipline de Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Alagoas,
Arapiraca (AL), Brazil
| | - João Gomes da Costa
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in
Analysis of Environmental Systems, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió
(AL), Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation in Agriculture and Environment,
Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió (AL), Brazil
| | - Aleska Dias Vanderlei
- Program of Post-Graduation, Professional Master’s Degree in Health
Research, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió (AL), Brazil
- Discipline of Dentistry, Centro Universitário CESMAC,
Maceió (AL), Brazil
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Sternectomy for Treating Advanced Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. J Skin Cancer 2019; 2019:3948782. [PMID: 31275656 PMCID: PMC6582790 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3948782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin cancer is a rare indication of sternectomy. Our goal is to report the clinical course of seven patients who underwent sternectomy for skin cancer. Methods The survey data were collected from medical records of patients treated between 2008 and 2018 at Ceará Cancer Institute. Results All patients had prolonged sunlight exposure and average disease time of two years and age of 60 years. Most patients recovered favorably after treatment with prolonged survival. Conclusion Sternectomy remains an option with curative purposes for locally advanced skin cancer.
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Fossa Shirata MM, Alves G, Maia Campos P. Photoageing‐related skin changes in different age groups: a clinical evaluation by biophysical and imaging techniques. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:265-273. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Fossa Shirata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - G.A.D. Alves
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - P.M.B.G. Maia Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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Mendes MM, Hart KH, Botelho PB, Lanham-New SA. Vitamin D status in the tropics: Is sunlight exposure the main determinant? NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Mendes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford UK
| | - K. H. Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford UK
| | - P. B. Botelho
- Faculty of Health Science; University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - S. A. Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford UK
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Cardoso‐Rurr JS, Paiva JP, Paulino‐Lima IG, Alencar TA, Lage CA, Leitão AC. Microbiological Decontamination of Water: Improving the Solar Disinfection Technique (SODIS) with the Use of Nontoxic Vital Dye Methylene Blue. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:618-626. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine S. Cardoso‐Rurr
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Radiações em Biologia Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Juliana Patrão Paiva
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica College of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ivan G. Paulino‐Lima
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universities Space Research Association NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA
| | - Tatiana A.M. Alencar
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Claudia A.S. Lage
- Laboratório de Radiações em Biologia Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alvaro C. Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Bittar FB, Castro CHM, Szejnfeld VL. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in a tropical area: results of a sun exposure questionnaire. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:44. [PMID: 29970080 PMCID: PMC6029128 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is pandemic while resources available to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are limited. The present study aimed to verify whether sun exposure measured by a structured questionnaire could predict serum 25OHD concentrations in healthy Caucasian individuals living in a tropical area. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in subjects living in the greater São Paulo area, Brazil. Two groups of 50 young (20 to 40 years old) and 50 older (60 to 80 years old) subjects (N = 200) answered a structured questionnaire on sun exposure and had blood samples drawn for serum 25OHD concentration measurement during both summer and winter. Anthropometric data were also recorded. Correlation between the questionnaire variables (duration of sun exposure, amount of exposed skin, total sun exposure score - TSES and other data) and serum 25OHD concentration was evaluated. RESULTS Mean serum 25OHD concentration was 17.60 ± 7.3 ng/mL with no difference between age groups (p = 0.293). TSES weakly correlated with serum 25OHD levels (r = 0.264; p < 0.001). Separate analyzes by age groups demonstrated that TSES correlated significantly with serum 25OHD concentration only in the older subjects during summer (r = 0.322; p = 0.023). Using linear regression analyses, TSES and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with serum 25OHD levels. On the other hand, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for TSES showed no significance as a screening tool for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.172). CONCLUSION Sun exposure questionnaire associated with BMI correlates with serum 25OHD concentration with very low accuracy. The use of the questionnaire does not discriminate between vitamin D sufficient and deficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barros Bittar
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740 – 3° andar – Vila Clementino, CEP, São Paulo, SP 04023-900 Brazil
| | - Charlles H. M. Castro
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740 – 3° andar – Vila Clementino, CEP, São Paulo, SP 04023-900 Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Szejnfeld
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 740 – 3° andar – Vila Clementino, CEP, São Paulo, SP 04023-900 Brazil
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Dos Santos AJ, Costa ECTDA, da Silva DR, Garcia-Segura S, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes as decentralized water treatment technologies to remediate domestic washing machine effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7002-7011. [PMID: 29273989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the major concerns worldwide. In order to secure this appreciated natural resource, management and development of water treatment technologies are mandatory. One feasible alternative is the consideration of water recycling/reuse at the household scale. Here, the treatment of actual washing machine effluent by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes was considered. Electrochemical oxidation and electro-Fenton technologies can be applied as decentralized small-scale water treatment devices. Therefore, efficient decolorization and total organic abatement have been followed. The results demonstrate the promising performance of solar photoelectro-Fenton process, where complete color and organic removal was attained after 240 min of treatment under optimum conditions by applying a current density of 66.6 mA cm-2. Thus, electrochemical technologies emerge as promising water-sustainable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro Jhones Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Emily Cintia Tossi de Araújo Costa
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Djalma Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Unesp, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil.
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Silva AA, Yamamoto ALC, Corrêa MP. A Semiempirical Approach to the Determination of Daily Erythemal Doses. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:791-796. [PMID: 29446453 DOI: 10.1111/php.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of ground-based instruments to measure the incidence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the Sun demands strict and well-developed procedures. A piece of equipment can be out of service for a couple of weeks or months for calibration, repair or even the improvement of the facilities where it has been set up. However, the replacement of an instrument in such circumstances can be logistically and financially prohibitive. On the other hand, the lack of data can jeopardize a long-term experiment. In this study, we introduce a semiempirical approach to the determination of the theoretical daily erythemal dose (DEDt ) for periods of instrumental absence in a tropical site. The approach is based on 5 years of ground-based measurements of daily erythemal dose (DED) linearly correlated with parameters of total ozone column (TOC) and reflectivity (RPC ) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the cosine of solar zenith angle at noon (SZAn ). Seventeen months of missing ground-based data were replaced with DEDt , leading to a complete 5-year series of data. The lowest and the highest values of typical DED were 2411 ± 322 J m-2 (1σ) (winter) and 5263 ± 997 J m-2 (summer). The monthly integrated erythemal dose (mED) varied from 59 kJ m-2 (winter) to 162 kJ m-2 (summer). Both of them depended mainly on cos(SZAn ) and RPC . The 12-month integrated erythemal dose (12-ED) ranged from 1350 kJ m-2 to 1546 kJ m-2 , but it can depend significantly on other atmospheric parameter (maybe aerosols) not explicitly considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel A Silva
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEAv), Trevo Cel Av José Alberto Albano do Amarante 1, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Thioredoxin and metallothionein: Homeostasis-related proteins in lip carcinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 77:75-81. [PMID: 28183007 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thioredoxin (Trx) and metallothionein (MT) are involved in the development of some carcinomas; however, the role of these proteins in labial carcinogenesis has not yet been tested. The aims of the study were to evaluate and to correlate the immunoexpression of Trx and MT in actinic cheilitis, lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal vermillion lip mucosa. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was undertaken for Trx and MT in samples of actinic cheilitis, lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lip mucosa. Qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations were conducted. The proportion of stained cells, intensity of staining, and the cell compartment labeled were evaluated. A quickscore index was also calculated by multiplying the values of extension and intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, respectively, giving a maximum value of 9. Statistics were performed. RESULTS A remarkable nuclear Trx staining was seen in normal lip mucosa and cheilitis, not in carcinoma (p<0.05). Cytoplasmic Trx expression was widely detected in all lesions (p>0.05). MT was broadly expressed in nuclei and cytoplasm of carcinoma, but not in normal lip mucosa and cheilitis (p<0.05). Quickscores were in accordance with the qualitative results. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed a different immunopattern of Trx and MT between normal lip mucosa, actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma. The cellular compartment-based analyses evidenced differences that can be related to the proteins function. Considering the relevant roles of these proteins in cellular homeostasis, they seem to have an important role in lip carcinogenesis.
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Flo A, Calpena AC, Díez-Noguera A, Del Pozo A, Cambras T. Daily Variation of UV-induced Erythema and the Action of Solar Filters. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:632-635. [PMID: 28054350 DOI: 10.1111/php.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UV rays may cause several degrees of skin damage, which makes sunscreen research necessary. In addition, skin sensitivity shows daily variations, which can interfere in the detection of the efficacy of the filters. Here, we studied the UV-induced erythema in hairless rats at two times of the day (light and darkness) using a colorimeter method. The effect of an emulsion with solar filters with or without melatonin was also assayed. Results indicate that the value of a* (from CIELAB color space values L* a* b) was the most useful variable to evaluate the erythema. However, at the UV intensity used, erythema was only detected when irradiation was carried out during the activity phase of the animal, enabling the detection of the protective action of the sunscreen at this time. Thus, daily variations in skin sensitivity have been demonstrated and should be taken into account in dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flo
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacéutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C Calpena
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacéutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Departament de Fisiologia i Bioquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Del Pozo
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacéutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Departament de Fisiologia i Bioquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Eloi M, Horvath DV, Szejnfeld VL, Ortega JC, Rocha DAC, Szejnfeld J, Castro CHM. Vitamin D deficiency and seasonal variation over the years in São Paulo, Brazil. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3449-3456. [PMID: 27339172 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brazil is a tropical/subtropical geographic area with elevated ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We report very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a large database of Brazilian subjects and show seasonal and reciprocal relationship between vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) over the years in this tropical area. INTRODUCTION We aim to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, characterize the temporal relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D) and intact PTH (iPTH) according to seasons, and investigate potential associations between 25(OH)D levels and extra-skeletal outcomes in a Brazilian population. METHODS We retrospectively determined population weekly mean concentrations of unpaired 25(OH)D and iPTH using 39,004 laboratory results of Brazilian individuals of both genders aged 2 to 95 years. The 25(OH)D and iPTH distributions were normalized, and the means fit with a sinusoidal function. Potential associations between 25(OH)D serum levels and inflammatory markers, fasting glucose, HbA1c and Homeostasis Model Assessment index (HOMA) were examined. RESULTS Of the samples, 33.9 % had 25(OH)D serum concentrations lower than 20 ng/mL, while the vast majority (70.7 %) were found to be vitamin D deficient or insufficient (<30 ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher during the winter as compared to the summer (38.4 % <20 ng/mL and 75.5 % <30 ng/mL versus 23.3 % <20 ng/mL and 62.5 % <30 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Seasonal variation was observed for both 25(OH)D and iPTH. 25(OH)D peaks occurred in March and troughs in September. iPTH levels showed an inverted pattern of peaks and troughs with a delay of 1 ± 5 week. 25(OH)D was significantly associated with inflammatory markers but not with glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS A sinusoidal interrelationship has been detected between vitamin D and PTH in this tropical population. A large percentage of the individuals showed vitamin D deficiency. Public health strategies are needed to better understand and manage this very high and apparently contradictory prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eloi
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- CURA Imagem and Diagnóstico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D V Horvath
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- CURA Imagem and Diagnóstico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L Szejnfeld
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Ortega
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
- CURA Imagem and Diagnóstico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A C Rocha
- CURA Imagem and Diagnóstico, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Szejnfeld
- CURA Imagem and Diagnóstico, São Paulo, Brazil
- Imaging and Diagnosis Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C H M Castro
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
- CURA Imagem and Diagnóstico, São Paulo, Brazil.
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