1
|
Wen J, Zellner A, Braun NC, Bajaj T, Gassen NC, Peitz M, Brüstle O. Loss of function of FIP200 in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons leads to axonal pathology and hyperactivity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:143. [PMID: 37137886 PMCID: PMC10156752 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
FIP200 plays important roles in homeostatic processes such as autophagy and signaling pathways such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Furthermore, genetic studies suggest an association of FIP200 mutations with psychiatric disorders. However, its potential connections to psychiatric disorders and specific roles in human neurons are not clear. We set out to establish a human-specific model to study the functional consequences of neuronal FIP200 deficiency. To this end, we generated two independent sets of isogenic human pluripotent stem cell lines with homozygous FIP200KO alleles, which were then used for the derivation of glutamatergic neurons via forced expression of NGN2. FIP200KO neurons exhibited pathological axonal swellings, showed autophagy deficiency, and subsequently elevated p62 protein levels. Moreover, monitoring the electrophysiological activity of neuronal cultures on multi-electrode arrays revealed that FIP200KO resulted in a hyperactive network. This hyperactivity could be abolished by glutamatergic receptor antagonist CNQX, suggesting a strengthened glutamatergic synaptic activation in FIP200KO neurons. Furthermore, cell surface proteomic analysis revealed metabolic dysregulation and abnormal cell adhesion-related processes in FIP200KO neurons. Interestingly, an ULK1/2-specific autophagy inhibitor could recapitulate axonal swellings and hyperactivity in wild-type neurons, whereas inhibition of FAK signaling was able to normalize the hyperactivity of FIP200KO neurons. These results suggest that impaired autophagy and presumably also disinhibition of FAK can contribute to the hyperactivity of FIP200KO neuronal networks, whereas pathological axonal swellings are primarily due to autophagy deficiency. Taken together, our study reveals the consequences of FIP200 deficiency in induced human glutamatergic neurons, which might, in the end, help to understand cellular pathomechanisms contributing to neuropsychiatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Wen
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Christian Braun
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Christian Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Cell Programming Core Facility, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamatoya K, Nagai Y, Teramoto N, Kang W, Miyado K, Nakata K, Yagi T, Miyamoto Y. Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells. Regen Ther 2022; 19:58-68. [PMID: 35059480 PMCID: PMC8749124 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective use of human-derived cells that are difficult to freeze, such as parenchymal cells and differentiated cells from stem cells, is crucial. A stable supply of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells, neurons, and glial cells can contribute considerably to cell therapy. We developed a serum-free freezing solution that is effective for the cryopreservation of differentiated neuronal cells. The quality of the differentiated and undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells was determined based on cell viability, live-cell recovery rate, and morphology of cultured cells, to assess the efficacy of the freezing solutions. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH neuronal cells were reduced by approximately 1.5-folds compared to that of the undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH cells were remarkably different between the freezing solutions containing 10% DMSO and that containing 10% glycerol. Cryoprotectants such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), antifreeze proteins (sericin), and sugars (maltose), are essential for protecting against freeze damage in differentiated neuronal cells and parenchymal cells. Serum-free alternatives (sericin and maltose) could increase safety during cell transplantation and regenerative medicine. Considering these, we propose an effective freezing solution for the cryopreservation of neuronal cells. The timing of freezing during cell differentiation. More effective serum-free freezing solution for differentiated neuronal cells. Improving the quality of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Kunath T, Simpson J, Homer N, Sylantyev S. Synaptic signalling in a network of dopamine neurons: what prevents proper intercellular crosstalk? FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3272-3292. [PMID: 33073864 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons stand out as a cell source for transplantation with their sustainability and consistency superior to the formerly used fetal tissues. However, multiple studies of DA neurons in culture failed to register action potential (AP) generation upon synaptic input. To test whether this is due to deficiency of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) coagonists released from astroglia, we studied the functional properties of neural receptors in hESC-derived DA neuronal cultures. We find that, apart from an insufficient amount of coagonists, lack of interneuronal crosstalk is caused by hypofunction of synaptic NMDARs due to their direct inhibition by synaptically released DA. This inhibitory tone is independent of DA receptors and affects the NMDAR coagonist binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Chen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna Simpson
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Torregrosa T, Webster S, Aghaizu C, Soucy JR, Bertucci C, Plant L, Koppes AN, Koppes RA. Cryopreservation and functional analysis of cardiac autonomic neurons. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108724. [PMID: 32423864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, primary neurons are isolated and seeded within hours of isolation, but cryopreservation, documented for a small number of central and peripheral neuronal subtypes, can contribute to improved utility and reduce the cost of developing new in vitro models. The preservation of cells of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), specifically sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, has not been explored. NEW METHOD In this work, we establish a method for preserving cardiac ANS neurons as well as evaluating the phenotypical changes of dissociated superior cervical ganglia (sympathetic neurons) and intracardiac ganglia (parasympathetic neurons) for up to a month of storage in liquid nitrogen. RESULTS Neuron populations maintained a viability of at least 35%, and the extent of neurite outgrowth was not different from fresh cells, regardless of the storage duration studied. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyl transferase were maintained over one month of cryopreservation in sympathetic and parasympathetic populations, respectively. Electrophysiological recordings for both neuron types indicate sustained characteristic resting potentials, excitability, and action potentials after more than one month in liquid nitrogen. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Primary cultures of the autonomic nervous system have been previously established for in vitro investigations. This is the first example of preserving primary ANS neuron cultures for long-term on-demand use. CONCLUSIONS This report describes a readily implemented method for cryopreserving sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons that does not alter neither morphological nor electrophysiological characteristics. This methodology expands the utility of ANS cultures for use in morphological and functional assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Torregrosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Sophie Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Chiamaka Aghaizu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Christopher Bertucci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Leigh Plant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Abigail N Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schomann T, Iljas JD, Que I, Li Y, Suidgeest E, Cruz LJ, Frijns JHM, Chan A, Löwik CMWG, Huisman MA, Mezzanotte L. Multimodal imaging of hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:55-69. [PMID: 32036485 PMCID: PMC7306043 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating event for which current therapies are limited. Stem cell transplantation may lead to recovery of function via different mechanisms, such as cell replacement through differentiation, stimulation of angiogenesis and support to the microenvironment. Adult hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells (HFBSCs) possess neuronal differentiation capacity, are easy to harvest and are relatively immune-privileged, which makes them potential candidates for autologous stem cell-based therapy. In this study, we apply in vivo multimodal, optical and magnetic resonance imaging techniques to investigate the behavior of mouse HFBSCs in a mouse model of TBI. HFBSCs expressed Luc2 and copGFP and were examined for their differentiation capacity in vitro. Subsequently, transduced HFBSCs, preloaded with ferumoxytol, were transplanted next to the TBI lesion (cortical region) in nude mice, 2 days after injury. Brains were fixed for immunohistochemistry 58 days after transplantation. Luc2- and copGFP-expressing, ferumoxytol-loaded HFBSCs showed adequate neuronal differentiation potential in vitro. Bioluminescence of the lesioned brain revealed survival of HFBSCs and magnetic resonance imaging identified their localization in the area of transplantation. Immunohistochemistry showed that transplanted cells stained for nestin and neurofilament protein (NF-Pan). Cells also expressed laminin and fibronectin but extracellular matrix masses were not detected. After 58 days, ferumoxytol could be detected in HFBSCs in brain tissue sections. These results show that HFBSCs are able to survive after brain transplantation and suggest that cells may undergo differentiation towards a neuronal cell lineage, which supports their potential use for cell-based therapy for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schomann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Percuros B.V, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juvita D Iljas
- Percuros B.V, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivo Que
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yuedan Li
- Percuros B.V, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan H M Frijns
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens M W G Löwik
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Sullivan A, Lange S, Rotheneichner P, Bieler L, Aigner L, Rivera FJ, Couillard-Despres S. Dimethylsulfoxide Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Fate Choice of Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1242. [PMID: 31849577 PMCID: PMC6901908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials address demyelinating diseases via transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Published reports detail that administration of MSCs in patients may provide a beneficial immunomodulation, and that factors secreted by MSCs are potent inducers of oligodendrogenesis. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in life science and medicine as solvent, vehicle or cryoprotectant for cells used in transplantation. Importantly, most transplantation protocols do not include the removal of DMSO before injecting the cell suspension into patients. This indifferent application of DMSO is coming under increasing scrutiny following reports investigating its potential toxic side-effects. While the impact of DMSO on the central nervous system (CNS) has been partially studied, its effect on oligodendrocytes and oligodendrogenesis has not been addressed yet. Consequently, we evaluated the influence of DMSO on oligodendrogenesis, and on the pro-oligodendrogenic effect of MSCs’ secreted factors, using adult rat neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Here, we demonstrate that a concentration of 1% DMSO robustly suppressed oligodendrogenesis and drove the fate of differentiating NSPCs toward astrogenesis. Furthermore, the pro-oligodendrogenic effect of MSC-conditioned medium (MSCCM) was also nearly completely abolished by the presence of 1% DMSO. In this condition, inhibition of the Erk1/2 signal transduction pathway and high levels of Id2 expression, a specific inhibitor of oligodendrogenic differentiation, were detected. Furthermore, inflammatory demyelinating diseases may even potentiate the impact of DMSO on oligodendrogenesis. Our results demonstrate the imperative of considering the strong anti-oligodendrogenic activity of DMSO when designing future clinical trial protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna O'Sullivan
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simona Lange
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ryu J, Vincent PFY, Ziogas NK, Xu L, Sadeghpour S, Curtin J, Alexandris AS, Stewart N, Sima R, du Lac S, Glowatzki E, Koliatsos VE. Optogenetically transduced human ES cell-derived neural progenitors and their neuronal progenies: Phenotypic characterization and responses to optical stimulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224846. [PMID: 31710637 PMCID: PMC6844486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetically engineered human neural progenitors (hNPs) are viewed as promising tools in regenerative neuroscience because they allow the testing of the ability of hNPs to integrate within nervous system of an appropriate host not only structurally, but also functionally based on the responses of their differentiated progenies to light. Here, we transduced H9 embryonic stem cell-derived hNPs with a lentivirus harboring human channelrhodopsin (hChR2) and differentiated them into a forebrain lineage. We extensively characterized the fate and optogenetic functionality of hChR2-hNPs in vitro with electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry. We also explored whether the in vivo phenotype of ChR2-hNPs conforms to in vitro observations by grafting them into the frontal neocortex of rodents and analyzing their survival and neuronal differentiation. Human ChR2-hNPs acquired neuronal phenotypes (TUJ1, MAP2, SMI-312, and synapsin 1 immunoreactivity) in vitro after an average of 70 days of coculturing with CD1 astrocytes and progressively displayed both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter signatures by immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch clamp recording. Three months after transplantation into motor cortex of naïve or injured mice, 60–70% of hChR2-hNPs at the transplantation site expressed TUJ1 and had neuronal cytologies, whereas 60% of cells also expressed ChR2. Transplant-derived neurons extended axons through major commissural and descending tracts and issued synaptophysin+ terminals in the claustrum, endopiriform area, and corresponding insular and piriform cortices. There was no apparent difference in engraftment, differentiation, or connectivity patterns between injured and sham subjects. Same trends were observed in a second rodent host, i.e. rat, where we employed longer survival times and found that the majority of grafted hChR2-hNPs differentiated into GABAergic neurons that established dense terminal fields and innervated mostly dendritic profiles in host cortical neurons. In physiological experiments, human ChR2+ neurons in culture generated spontaneous action potentials (APs) 100–170 days into differentiation and their firing activity was consistently driven by optical stimulation. Stimulation generated glutamatergic and GABAergic postsynaptic activity in neighboring ChR2- cells, evidence that hChR2-hNP-derived neurons had established functional synaptic connections with other neurons in culture. Light stimulation of hChR2-hNP transplants in vivo generated complicated results, in part because of the variable response of the transplants themselves. Our findings show that we can successfully derive hNPs with optogenetic properties that are fully transferrable to their differentiated neuronal progenies. We also show that these progenies have substantial neurotransmitter plasticity in vitro, whereas in vivo they mostly differentiate into inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, neurons derived from hNPs have the capacity of establishing functional synapses with postsynaptic neurons in vitro, but this outcome is technically challenging to explore in vivo. We propose that optogenetically endowed hNPs hold great promise as tools to explore de novo circuit formation in the brain and, in the future, perhaps launch a new generation of neuromodulatory therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philippe F. Y. Vincent
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos K. Ziogas
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leyan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shirin Sadeghpour
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Curtin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Athanasios S. Alexandris
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Stewart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Sima
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sascha du Lac
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Glowatzki
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Witteveldt J, Macias S. Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Neuronal Cells Using Hanging Droplets and Retinoic Acid. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3417. [PMID: 33654916 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled differentiation of embryonic stem cells is an essential tool in stem cell research. In this protocol, we describe a simple differentiation protocol involving the induction of embryoid body formation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) using hanging droplets, followed by differentiation into a neuronal lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Witteveldt
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Sara Macias
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Lineages as In Vitro Models for Screening the Neuroprotective Properties of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3126376. [PMID: 33204680 PMCID: PMC7658738 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3126376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the biomedical field, there is growing interest in using human stem cell-derived neurons as in vitro models for pharmacological and toxicological screening of bioactive compounds extracted from natural products. Lignosus rhinocerus (Tiger Milk Mushroom) is used by indigenous communities in Malaysia as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The sclerotium of L. rhinocerus has been reported to have medicinal properties, including various bioactivities such as neuritogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective activities of L. rhinocerus sclerotial extracts. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural lineages exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), were used as the in vitro models. Excess glucocorticoids have been shown to adversely affect fetal brain development and impair differentiation of neural progenitor cells. Screening of different L. rhinocerus sclerotial extracts and DEX on the hESC-derived neural lineages was conducted using cell viability and neurite outgrowth assays. The neuroprotective effects of L. rhinocerus sclerotial extracts against DEX were further evaluated using apoptosis assays and Western blot analysis. Hot aqueous and methanol extracts of L. rhinocerus sclerotium promoted neurite outgrowth of hESC-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) with negligible cytotoxicity. Treatment with DEX decreased viability of NSCs by inducing apoptosis. Coincubation of L. rhinocerus methanol extract with DEX attenuated the DEX-induced apoptosis and reduction in phospho-Akt (pAkt) level in NSCs. These results suggest the involvement of Akt signaling in the neuroprotection of L. rhinocerus methanol extract against DEX-induced apoptosis in NSCs. Methanol extract of L. rhinocerus sclerotium exhibited potential neuroprotective activities against DEX-induced toxicity in hESC-derived NSCs. This study thus validates the use of human stem cell-derived neural lineages as potential in vitro models for screening of natural products with neuroprotective properties.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rhee YH, Puspita L, Sulistio YA, Kim SW, Vidyawan V, Elvira R, Chang MY, Shim JW, Lee SH. Efficient Neural Differentiation of hPSCs by Extrinsic Signals Derived from Co-cultured Neural Stem or Precursor Cells. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1299-1312. [PMID: 31043343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we found that undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs; up to 30% of total cells) present in the cultures of neural stem or precursor cells (NPCs) completely disappeared within several days when cultured under neural differentiation culture conditions. Intriguingly, the disappearance of undifferentiated cells was not due to cell death but was instead mediated by neural conversion of hPSCs. Based on these findings, we propose pre-conditioning of donor NPC cultures under terminal differentiation culture conditions as a simple but efficient method of eliminating undifferentiated cells to treat neurologic disorders. In addition, we could establish a new neural differentiation protocol, in which undifferentiated hPSCs co-cultured with NPCs become differentiated neurons or NPCs in an extremely efficient, fast, and reproducible manner across the hESC and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hee Rhee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Lesly Puspita
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Vincencius Vidyawan
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Rosalie Elvira
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea
| | - Mi-Yoon Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schwarz S, Spitzbarth I, Baumgärtner W, Lehmbecker A. Cryopreservation of Canine Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Its Impact upon Susceptibility to Paramyxovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051058. [PMID: 30823498 PMCID: PMC6429404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, isolated post mortem from adult dogs, could provide a promising tool to study neuropathogenesis of neurotropic virus infections with a non-rodent host spectrum. However, access to canine DRG is limited due to lack of donor tissue and the cryopreservation of DRG neurons would greatly facilitate experiments. The present study aimed (i) to establish canine DRG neurons as an in vitro model for canine distemper virus (CDV) infection; and (ii) to determine whether DRG neurons are cryopreservable and remain infectable with CDV. Neurons were characterized morphologically and phenotypically by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and functionally, by studying their neurite outgrowth and infectability with CDV. Cryopreserved canine DRG neurons remained in culture for at least 12 days. Furthermore, both non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved DRG neurons were susceptible to infection with two different strains of CDV, albeit only one of the two strains (CDV R252) provided sufficient absolute numbers of infected neurons. However, cryopreserved DRG neurons showed reduced cell yield, neurite outgrowth, neurite branching, and soma size and reduced susceptibility to CDV infection. In conclusion, canine primary DRG neurons represent a suitable tool for investigations upon the pathogenesis of neuronal CDV infection. Moreover, despite certain limitations, cryopreserved canine DRG neurons generally provide a useful and practicable alternative to address questions regarding virus tropism and neuropathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schwarz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Spitzbarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Münst S, Koch P, Kesavan J, Alexander-Mays M, Münst B, Blaess S, Brüstle O. In vitro segregation and isolation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest cells. Methods 2017; 133:65-80. [PMID: 29037816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic cell population with remarkable characteristics. After delaminating from the neural tube, NC cells (NCCs) migrate extensively, populate nearly every tissue of the body and differentiate into highly diverse cell types such as peripheral neurons and glia, but also mesenchymal cells including chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. While the NC has been extensively studied in several animal models, little is known about human NC development. A number of methods have been established to derive NCCs in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). Typically, these protocols comprise several cell culture steps to enrich for NCCs in the neural derivatives of the differentiating hPSCs. Here we report on a remarkable and hitherto unnoticed in vitro segregation phenomenon that enables direct extraction of virtually pure NCCs during the earliest stages of hPSC differentiation. Upon aggregation to embryoid bodies (EB) and replating, differentiating hPSCs give rise to a population of NCCs, which spontaneously segregate from the EB outgrowth to form conspicuous, macroscopically visible atoll-shaped clusters in the periphery of the EB outgrowth. Isolation of these NC clusters yields p75NTR(+)/SOXE(+) NCCs, which differentiate to peripheral neurons and glia as well as mesenchymal derivatives. Our data indicate that differentiating hPSC cultures recapitulate, in a simplified manner, the physical segregation of central nervous system (CNS) tissue and NCCs. This phenomenon may be exploited for NCC purification and for studying segregation and differentiation processes observed during early human NC development in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Münst
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaideep Kesavan
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Alexander-Mays
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Münst
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the application of low temperatures to preserve the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. Conventional cooling protocols allow ice to form and solute concentrations to rise during the cryopreservation process. The damage caused by the rise in solute concentration can be mitigated by the use of compounds known as cryoprotectants. Such compounds protect cells from the consequences of slow cooling injury, allowing them to be cooled at cooling rates which avoid the lethal effects of intracellular ice. An alternative to conventional cooling is vitrification. Vitrification methods incorporate cryoprotectants at sufficiently high concentrations to prevent ice crystallization so that the system forms an amorphous glass thus avoiding the damaging effects caused by conventional slow cooling. However, vitrification too can impose damaging consequences on cells as the cryoprotectant concentrations required to vitrify cells at lower cooling rates are potentially, and often, harmful. While these concentrations can be lowered to nontoxic levels, if the cells are ultra-rapidly cooled, the resulting metastable system can lead to damage through devitrification and growth of ice during subsequent storage and rewarming if not appropriately handled.The commercial and clinical application of stem cells requires robust and reproducible cryopreservation protocols and appropriate long-term, low-temperature storage conditions to provide reliable master and working cell banks. Though current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) compliant methods for the derivation and banking of clinical grade pluripotent stem cells exist and stem cell lines suitable for clinical applications are available, current cryopreservation protocols, whether for vitrification or conventional slow freezing, remain suboptimal. Apart from the resultant loss of valuable product that suboptimal cryopreservation engenders, there is a danger that such processes will impose a selective pressure on the cells selecting out a nonrepresentative, freeze-resistant subpopulation. Optimizing this process requires knowledge of the fundamental processes that occur during the freezing of cellular systems, the mechanisms of damage and methods for avoiding them. This chapter draws together the knowledge of cryopreservation gained in other systems with the current state-of-the-art for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell preservation in an attempt to provide the background for future attempts to optimize cryopreservation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Hunt
- UK Stem Cell Bank, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chin EWM, Goh ELK. Studying neurological disorders using induced pluripotent stem cells and optogenetics. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1720-2. [PMID: 26807089 PMCID: PMC4705766 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.169607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice W M Chin
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Singapore, Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; KK Research Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yap MS, Tang YQ, Yeo Y, Lim WL, Lim LW, Tan KO, Richards M, Othman I, Poh CL, Heng BC. Pluripotent Human embryonic stem cell derived neural lineages for in vitro modelling of enterovirus 71 infection and therapy. Virol J 2016; 13:5. [PMID: 26738773 PMCID: PMC4704260 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of neurological complications and fatalities associated with Hand, Foot & Mouth disease has increased over recent years, due to emergence of newly-evolved strains of Enterovirus 71 (EV71). In the search for new antiviral therapeutics against EV71, accurate and sensitive in vitro cellular models for preliminary studies of EV71 pathogenesis is an essential prerequisite, before progressing to expensive and time-consuming live animal studies and clinical trials. METHODS This study thus investigated whether neural lineages derived from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can fulfil this purpose. EV71 infection of hESC-derived neural stem cells (NSC) and mature neurons (MN) was carried out in vitro, in comparison with RD and SH-SY5Y cell lines. RESULTS Upon assessment of post-infection survivability and EV71 production by the various types, it was observed that NSC were significantly more susceptible to EV71 infection compared to MN, RD (rhabdomyosarcoma) and SH-SY5Y cells, which was consistent with previous studies on mice. The SP81 peptide had significantly greater inhibitory effect on EV71 production by NSC and MN compared to the cancer-derived RD and SH-SY5Y cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Hence, this study demonstrates that hESC-derived neural lineages can be utilized as in vitro models for studying EV71 pathogenesis and for screening of antiviral therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Shin Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yin Quan Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mark Richards
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, 180 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 8, Singapore, 569830, Singapore.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, , Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
DeRosa BA, Belle KC, Thomas BJ, Cukier HN, Pericak-Vance MA, Vance JM, Dykxhoorn DM. hVGAT-mCherry: A novel molecular tool for analysis of GABAergic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:244-57. [PMID: 26284979 PMCID: PMC4593758 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic synaptic transmission is known to play a critical role in the assembly of neuronal circuits during development and is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain during maturation into adulthood. Importantly, defects in GABAergic neuronal function and signaling have been linked to a number of neurological diseases, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. With patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based models of neurological disease, it is now possible to investigate the disease mechanisms that underlie deficits in GABAergic function in affected human neurons. To that end, tools that enable the labeling and purification of viable GABAergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells would be of great value. RESULTS To address the need for tools that facilitate the identification and isolation of viable GABAergic neurons from the in vitro differentiation of iPSC lines, a cell type-specific promoter-driven fluorescent reporter construct was developed that utilizes the human vesicular GABA transporter (hVGAT) promoter to drive the expression of mCherry specifically in VGAT-expressing neurons. The transduction of iPSC-derived forebrain neuronal cultures with the hVGAT promoter-mCherry lentiviral reporter construct specifically labeled GABAergic neurons. Immunocytochemical analysis of hVGAT-mCherry expression cells showed significant co-labeling with the GABAergic neuronal markers for endogenous VGAT, GABA, and GAD67. Expression of mCherry from the VGAT promoter showed expression in several cortical interneuron subtypes to similar levels. In addition, an effective and reproducible protocol was developed to facilitate the fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS)-mediated purification of high yields of viable VGAT-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the utility of the hVGAT-mCherry reporter construct as an effective tool for studying GABAergic neurons differentiated in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells. This approach could provide a means of obtaining large quantities of viable GABAergic neurons derived from disease-specific hiPSCs that could be used for functional assays or high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A DeRosa
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Kinsley C Belle
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Blake J Thomas
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Holly N Cukier
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States; John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tennstaedt A, Aswendt M, Adamczak J, Collienne U, Selt M, Schneider G, Henn N, Schaefer C, Lagouge M, Wiedermann D, Kloppenburg P, Hoehn M. Human neural stem cell intracerebral grafts show spontaneous early neuronal differentiation after several weeks. Biomaterials 2015; 44:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Auto-attraction of neural precursors and their neuronal progeny impairs neuronal migration. Nat Neurosci 2013; 17:24-6. [PMID: 24241396 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Limited neuronal migration into host brain tissue is a key challenge in neural transplantation. We found that one important mechanism underlying this phenomenon is an intrinsic chemotactic interaction between the grafted neural precursor cells (NPCs) and their neuronal progeny. NPCs secrete the receptor tyrosine kinase ligands FGF2 and VEGF, which act as chemoattractants for neurons. Interference with these signaling pathways resulted in enhanced migration of human neurons from neural clusters.
Collapse
|
19
|
Maruyama M, Yamashita Y, Kase M, Trifonov S, Sugimoto T. Lineage-specific purification of neural stem/progenitor cells from differentiated mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:420-33. [PMID: 23694811 PMCID: PMC3673754 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have differentiation potential into all three germ layer-derived tissues, efficient purification of target cells is required in many fields of iPS research. One useful strategy is isolation of desired cells from differentiated iPS cells by lineage-specific expression of a drug-resistance gene, followed by drug selection. With this strategy, we purified neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), a good candidate source for regenerative therapy, from differentiated mouse iPS cells. We constructed a bicistronic expression vector simultaneously expressing blasticidin S resistance gene and DsRed under the control of tandem enhancer of a 257-base pair region of nestin second intron, an NSC-specific enhancer. This construct was efficiently inserted into the iPS genome by piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer, and the established subclone was differentiated into NSCs in the presence or absence of blasticidin S. Consequently, incubation with blasticidin S led to purification of NSCs from differentiated iPS cells. Our results suggest that a lineage-specific drug selection strategy is useful for purification of NSCs from differentiated iPS cells and that this strategy can be applied for the purification of other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Maruyama
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamashita
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kase
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stefan Trifonov
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sugimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Brain Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Needham K, Minter RL, Shepherd RK, Nayagam BA. Challenges for stem cells to functionally repair the damaged auditory nerve. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:85-101. [PMID: 23094991 PMCID: PMC3543850 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.728583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the auditory system, a specialized subset of sensory neurons are responsible for correctly relaying precise pitch and temporal cues to the brain. In individuals with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing impairment these sensory auditory neurons can be directly stimulated by a cochlear implant, which restores sound input to the brainstem after the loss of hair cells. This neural prosthesis therefore depends on a residual population of functional neurons in order to function effectively. AREAS COVERED In severe cases of sensorineural hearing loss where the numbers of auditory neurons are significantly depleted, the benefits derived from a cochlear implant may be minimal. One way in which to restore function to the auditory nerve is to replace these lost neurons using differentiated stem cells, thus re-establishing the neural circuit required for cochlear implant function. Such a therapy relies on producing an appropriate population of electrophysiologically functional neurons from stem cells, and on these cells integrating and reconnecting in an appropriate manner in the deaf cochlea. EXPERT OPINION Here we review progress in the field to date, including some of the key functional features that stem cell-derived neurons would need to possess and how these might be enhanced using electrical stimulation from a cochlear implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Needham
- University of Melbourne, Department of Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vande Velde G, Couillard-Després S, Aigner L, Himmelreich U, van der Linden A. In situ labeling and imaging of endogenous neural stem cell proliferation and migration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:663-79. [PMID: 22933366 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) reside in defined regions of the adult brain and have the potential to generate new brain cells, including neurons. Stimulation of adult neurogenesis presents an enormous potential for regenerative therapies in the central nervous system. However, the methods used to monitor the proliferation, migration, differentiation, and functional integration of eNSCs and their progeny are often invasive and limited in studying dynamic processes. To overcome this limitation, novel techniques and contrast mechanisms for in vivo imaging of neurogenesis have recently been developed and successfully applied. In vivo labeling of endogenous neuronal progenitor cells in situ with contrast agents or tracers enables longitudinal visualization of their proliferation and/or migration. Labeling of these cells with magnetic nanoparticles has proven to be very useful for tracking neuroblast migration with MRI. Alternatively, genetic labeling using reporter gene technology has been demonstrated for optical and MR imaging, leading to the development of powerful tools for in vivo optical imaging of neurogenesis. More recently, the iron storage protein ferritin has been used as an endogenously produced MRI contrast agent to monitor neuroblast migration. The use of specific promoters for neuronal progenitor cell imaging increases the specificity for visualizing neurogenesis. Further improvements of detection sensitivity and neurogenesis-specific contrast are nevertheless required for each of these imaging techniques to further improve the already high utility of this toolbox for preclinical neurogenesis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim DS, Lee DR, Kim HS, Yoo JE, Jung SJ, Lim BY, Jang J, Kang HC, You S, Hwang DY, Leem JW, Nam TS, Cho SR, Kim DW. Highly pure and expandable PSA-NCAM-positive neural precursors from human ESC and iPSC-derived neural rosettes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39715. [PMID: 22911689 PMCID: PMC3401209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous culture of neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) would provide a powerful tool for biomedical applications. However, previous efforts to expand mechanically dissected neural rosettes for cultivation of NPCs remain concerns regarding non-neural cell contamination. In addition, several attempts to purify NPCs using cell surface markers have not demonstrated the expansion capability of the sorted cells. In the present study, we show that polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is detected in neural rosette cells derived from hPSCs, and employ PSA-NCAM as a marker for purifying expandable primitive NPCs from the neural rosettes. PSA-NCAM-positive NPCs (termed hNPCPSA-NCAM+) were isolated from the heterogeneous cell population of mechanically harvested neural rosettes using magnetic-based cell sorting. The hNPCPSA-NCAM+ extensively expressed neural markers such as Sox1, Sox2, Nestin, and Musashi-1 (80∼98% of the total cells) and were propagated for multiple passages while retaining their primitive characteristics in our culture condition. Interestingly, PSA-NCAM-negative cells largely exhibited characteristics of neural crest cells. The hNPCPSA-NCAM+ showed multipotency and responsiveness to instructive cues towards region-specific neuronal subtypes in vitro. When transplanted into the rat striatum, hNPCPSA-NCAM+ differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes without particular signs of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, Ki67-positive proliferating cells and non-neural lineage cells were rarely detected in the grafts of hNPCPSA-NCAM+ compared to those of neural rosette cells. Our results suggest that PSA-NCAM-mediated cell isolation provides a highly expandable population of pure primitive NPCs from hPSCs that will lend themselves as a promising strategy for drug screening and cell therapy for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongjin R. Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Center for Cell Therapy and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yoo
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiho Jang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon-Chul Kang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Woo Leem
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taick Sang Nam
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Falk A, Koch P, Kesavan J, Takashima Y, Ladewig J, Alexander M, Wiskow O, Tailor J, Trotter M, Pollard S, Smith A, Brüstle O. Capture of neuroepithelial-like stem cells from pluripotent stem cells provides a versatile system for in vitro production of human neurons. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29597. [PMID: 22272239 PMCID: PMC3260177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provide new prospects for studying human neurodevelopment and modeling neurological disease. In particular, iPSC-derived neural cells permit a direct comparison of disease-relevant molecular pathways in neurons and glia derived from patients and healthy individuals. A prerequisite for such comparative studies are robust protocols that efficiently yield standardized populations of neural cell types. Here we show that long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial-like stem cells (lt-NES cells) derived from 3 hESC and 6 iPSC lines in two independent laboratories exhibit consistent characteristics including i) continuous expandability in the presence of FGF2 and EGF; ii) stable neuronal and glial differentiation competence; iii) characteristic transcription factor profile; iv) hindbrain specification amenable to regional patterning; v) capacity to generate functionally mature human neurons. We further show that lt-NES cells are developmentally distinct from fetal tissue-derived radial glia-like stem cells. We propose that lt-NES cells provide an interesting tool for studying human neurodevelopment and may serve as a standard system to facilitate comparative analyses of hESC and hiPSC-derived neural cells from control and diseased genetic backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Falk
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaideep Kesavan
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Ladewig
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Alexander
- Institute of Human Genetics, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ole Wiskow
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jignesh Tailor
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Trotter
- Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Pollard
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Austin Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons adopt and regulate the activity of an established neural network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20189-94. [PMID: 22106298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1108487108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether hESC-derived neurons can fully integrate with and functionally regulate an existing neural network remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that hESC-derived neurons receive unitary postsynaptic currents both in vitro and in vivo and adopt the rhythmic firing behavior of mouse cortical networks via synaptic integration. Optical stimulation of hESC-derived neurons expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 elicited both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents and triggered network bursting in mouse neurons. Furthermore, light stimulation of hESC-derived neurons transplanted to the hippocampus of adult mice triggered postsynaptic currents in host pyramidal neurons in acute slice preparations. Thus, hESC-derived neurons can participate in and modulate neural network activity through functional synaptic integration, suggesting they are capable of contributing to neural network information processing both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
25
|
Milde T, Kleber S, Korshunov A, Witt H, Hielscher T, Koch P, Kopp HG, Jugold M, Deubzer HE, Oehme I, Lodrini M, Gröne HJ, Benner A, Brüstle O, Gilbertson RJ, von Deimling A, Kulozik AE, Pfister SM, Martin-Villalba A, Witt O. A novel human high-risk ependymoma stem cell model reveals the differentiation-inducing potential of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Vorinostat. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122:637-50. [PMID: 21863243 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Incompletely resectable ependymomas are associated with poor prognosis despite intensive radio- and chemotherapy. Novel treatments have been difficult to develop due to the lack of appropriate models. Here, we report on the generation of a high-risk cytogenetic group 3 and molecular group C ependymoma model (DKFZ-EP1NS) which is based on primary ependymoma cells obtained from a patient with metastatic disease. This model displays stem cell features such as self-renewal capacity, differentiation capacity, and specific marker expression. In vivo transplantation showed high tumorigenic potential of these cells, and xenografts phenotypically recapitulated the original tumor in a niche-dependent manner. DKFZ-EP1NS cells harbor transcriptome plasticity, enabling a shift from a neural stem cell-like program towards a profile of primary ependymoma tumor upon in vivo transplantation. Serial transplantation of DKFZ-EP1NS cells from orthotopic xenografts yielded secondary tumors in half the time compared with the initial transplantation. The cells were resistant to temozolomide, vincristine, and cisplatin, but responded to histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) treatment at therapeutically achievable concentrations. In vitro treatment of DKFZ-EP1NS cells with the HDACi Vorinostat induced neuronal differentiation associated with loss of stem cell-specific properties. In summary, this is the first ependymoma model of a cytogenetic group 3 and molecular subgroup C ependymoma based on a human cell line with stem cell-like properties, which we used to demonstrate the differentiation-inducing therapeutic potential of HDACi.
Collapse
|
26
|
Coopman K. Large-scale compatible methods for the preservation of human embryonic stem cells: Current perspectives. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1511-21. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
27
|
Marchetto MC, Brennand KJ, Boyer LF, Gage FH. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neurological disease modeling: progress and promises. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:R109-15. [PMID: 21828073 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic generation of neurons from patients with neurological disorders can provide important insights into disease pathology, progression and mechanism. This review will discuss recent progress in modeling neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and highlight some of the current challenges in the field. Combined with other technologies previously used to study brain disease, iPSC modeling has the promise to influence modern medicine on several fronts: early diagnosis, drug development and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics (LOG-G), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
As our understanding of adult neurogenesis increases, hopes rise that neurological disorders and neuronal losses might be addressed one day by neural stem cell-based regenerative therapies. However, evaluating the efficacy and safety of any neurogenesis-based intervention requires a means to monitor neurogenesis in vivo and, so far, no such imaging techniques are available for human studies. Nevertheless, using imaging techniques presently available to clinicians, i.e. magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and optical imaging, significant progress has been made in this direction over the last decade. This review describes the current state-of-the-art for each imaging technique, and shows that detection of neurogenesis could theoretically be achieved using current imaging devices. Indeed, in vivo imaging of neurogenesis has already been achieved in mice using transgenic model systems. However, the imaging of human neurogenesis still requires the development of methods to reliably target the neural stem cells and the neuronal precursors in vivo.
Collapse
|
29
|
Young A, Machacek DW, Dhara SK, Macleish PR, Benveniste M, Dodla MC, Sturkie CD, Stice SL. Ion channels and ionotropic receptors in human embryonic stem cell derived neural progenitors. Neuroscience 2011; 192:793-805. [PMID: 21672611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human neural progenitor cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells offer a potential cell source for studying neurodegenerative diseases and for drug screening assays. Previously, we demonstrated that human neural progenitors could be maintained in a proliferative state with the addition of leukemia inhibitory factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Here we demonstrate that 96 h after removal of basic fibroblast growth factor the neural progenitor cell culture was significantly altered and cell replication halted. Fourteen days after the removal of basic fibroblast growth factor, most cells expressed microtubule-associated protein 2 and TUJ1, markers characterizing a post-mitotic neuronal phenotype as well as neural developmental markers Cdh2 and Gbx2. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the ionotropic receptor subunit expression profile. Differentiated neural progenitors express subunits of glutamatergic, GABAergic, nicotinic, purinergic and transient receptor potential receptors. In addition, sodium and calcium channel subunits were also expressed. Functionally, virtually all the hNP cells tested under whole-cell voltage clamp exhibited delayed rectifier potassium channel currents and some differentiated cells exhibited tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-dependent sodium channel current. Action potentials could also be elicited by currents injection under whole-cell current clamp in a minority of cells. These results indicate that removing basic fibroblast growth factor from the neural progenitor cell cultures leads to a post-mitotic state, and has the capability to produce excitable cells that can generate action potentials, a landmark characteristic of a neuronal phenotype. This is the first report of an efficient and simple means of generating human neuronal cells for ionotropic receptor assays and ultimately for electrically active human neural cell assays for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Young
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, 425 River Road Room 450, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
ES cell-derived renewable and functional midbrain dopaminergic progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:9703-8. [PMID: 21606375 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016443108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development, midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuronal progenitors (NPs) arise from the ventral mesencephalic area by the combined actions of secreted factors and their downstream transcription factors. These mDA NPs proliferate, migrate to their final destinations, and develop into mature mDA neurons in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Here, we show that such authentic mDA NPs can be efficiently isolated from differentiated ES cells (ESCs) using a FACS method combining two markers, Otx2 and Corin. Purified Otx2(+)Corin(+) cells coexpressed other mDA NP markers, including FoxA2, Lmx1b, and Glast. Using optimized culture conditions, these mDA NPs continuously proliferated up to 4 wk with almost 1,000-fold expansion without significant changes in their phenotype. Furthermore, upon differentiation, Otx2(+)Corin(+) cells efficiently generated mDA neurons, as evidenced by coexpression of mDA neuronal markers (e.g., TH, Pitx3, Nurr1, and Lmx1b) and physiological functions (e.g., efficient DA secretion and uptake). Notably, these mDA NPs differentiated into a relatively homogenous DA population with few serotonergic neurons. When transplanted into PD model animals, aphakia mice, and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, mDA NPs differentiated into mDA neurons in vivo and generated well-integrated DA grafts, resulting in significant improvement in motor dysfunctions without tumor formation. Furthermore, grafted Otx2(+)Corin(+) cells exhibited significant migratory function in the host striatum, reaching >3.3 mm length in the entire striatum. We propose that functional and expandable mDA NPs can be efficiently isolated by this unique strategy and will serve as useful tools in regenerative medicine, bioassay, and drug screening.
Collapse
|
31
|
Couillard-Despres S, Vreys R, Aigner L, Van der Linden A. In vivo monitoring of adult neurogenesis in health and disease. Front Neurosci 2011; 5:67. [PMID: 21603226 PMCID: PMC3093743 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2011.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of new neurons in the adult brain, presents an enormous potential for regenerative therapies of the central nervous system. While 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling and subsequent histology or immunohistochemistry for cell-type-specific markers is still the gold standard in studies of neurogenesis, novel techniques, and tools for in vivo imaging of neurogenesis have been recently developed and successfully applied. Here, we review the latest progress on these developments, in particular in the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging. In vivo in situ labeling of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with micron-sized iron oxide particles enables longitudinal visualization of endogenous progenitor cell migration by MRI. The possibility of genetic labeling for cellular MRI was demonstrated by using the iron storage protein ferritin as the MR reporter-gene. However, reliable and consistent results using ferritin imaging for monitoring endogenous progenitor cell migration have not yet been reported. In contrast, genetic labeling of NPCs with a fluorescent or bioluminescent reporter has led to the development of some powerful tools for in vivo imaging of neurogenesis. Here, two strategies, i.e., viral labeling of stem/progenitor cells and transgenic approaches, have been used. In addition, the use of specific promoters for neuronal progenitor cells such as doublecortin increases the neurogenesis-specificity of the labeling. Naturally, the ultimate challenge will be to develop neurogenesis imaging methods applicable in humans. Therefore, we certainly need to consider other modalities such as positron emission tomography and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), which have already been implemented for both animals and humans. Further improvements of sensitivity and neurogenesis-specificity are nevertheless required for all imaging techniques currently available.
Collapse
|
32
|
Weick JP, Johnson MA, Skroch SP, Williams JC, Deisseroth K, Zhang SC. Functional control of transplantable human ESC-derived neurons via optogenetic targeting. Stem Cells 2011; 28:2008-16. [PMID: 20827747 DOI: 10.1002/stem.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to examine and regulate the functional integration and plasticity of human ESC (hESC)-derived neurons are cumbersome and technically challenging. Here, we engineered hESCs and their derivatives to express the light-gated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) protein to overcome these deficiencies. Optogenetic targeting of hESC-derived neurons with ChR2 linked to the mCherry fluorophore allowed reliable cell tracking as well as light-induced spiking at physiological frequencies. Optically induced excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents could be elicited in either ChR2(+) or ChR2(-) neurons in vitro and in acute brain slices taken from transplanted severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Furthermore, we created a clonal hESC line that expresses ChR2-mCherry under the control of the synapsin-1 promoter. On neuronal differentiation, ChR2-mCherry expression was restricted to neurons and was stably expressed for at least 6 months, providing more predictable light-induced currents than transient infections. This pluripotent cell line will allow both in vitro and in vivo analysis of functional development as well as the integration capacity of neuronal populations for cell-replacement strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Weick
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang J, Giesert F, Kloos K, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Aigner L, Wurst W, Couillard-Despres S. A powerful transgenic tool for fate mapping and functional analysis of newly generated neurons. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:158. [PMID: 21194452 PMCID: PMC3019205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of appropriate tools and techniques to study fate and functional integration of newly generated neurons has so far hindered understanding of neurogenesis' relevance under physiological and pathological conditions. Current analyses are either dependent on mitotic labeling, for example BrdU-incorporation or retroviral infection, or on the detection of transient immature neuronal markers. Here, we report a transgenic mouse model (DCX-CreERT2) for time-resolved fate analysis of newly generated neurons. This model is based on the expression of a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of a doublecortin (DCX) promoter, which is specific for immature neuronal cells in the CNS. RESULTS In the DCX-CreERT2 transgenic mice, expression of CreERT2 was restricted to DCX+ cells. In the CNS of transgenic embryos and adult DCX-CreERT2 mice, tamoxifen administration caused the transient translocation of CreERT2 to the nucleus, allowing for the recombination of loxP-flanked sequences. In our system, tamoxifen administration at E14.5 resulted in reporter gene activation throughout the developing CNS of transgenic embryos. In the adult CNS, neurogenic regions were the primary sites of tamoxifen-induced reporter gene activation. In addition, reporter expression could also be detected outside of neurogenic regions in cells physiologically expressing DCX (e.g. piriform cortex, corpus callosum, hypothalamus). Four weeks after recombination, the vast majority of reporter-expressing cells were found to co-express NeuN, revealing the neuronal fate of DCX+ cells upon maturation. CONCLUSIONS This first validation demonstrates that our new DCX-CreERT2 transgenic mouse model constitutes a powerful tool to investigate neurogenesis, migration and their long-term fate of neuronal precursors. Moreover, it allows for a targeted activation or deletion of specific genes in neuronal precursors and will thereby contribute to unravel the molecular mechanisms controlling neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Terstegge S, Winter F, Rath BH, Laufenberg I, Schwarz C, Leinhaas A, Levold F, Dolf A, Haupt S, Koch P, Endl E, Brüstle O. Laser-Assisted Photoablation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells from Differentiating Cultures. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2010; 6:260-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
35
|
Dhara SK, Gerwe BA, Majumder A, Dodla MC, Boyd NL, Machacek DW, Hasneen K, Stice SL. Genetic manipulation of neural progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3621-34. [PMID: 19795983 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (NP) present an important tool for understanding human development and disease. Optimal utilization of NP cells, however, requires an enhanced ability to monitor these cells in vitro and in vivo. Here we report production of the first genetically modified self-renewing human embryonic stem cell-derived NP cells that express fluorescent proteins under constitutive as well as lineage-specific promoters, enabling tracking and monitoring of cell fate. Nucleofection, transfection, and lentiviral transduction were compared for optimal gene delivery to NP cells. Transduction was most efficient in terms of transgene expression (37%), cell viability (39%), and long-term reporter expression (>3 months). Further, the constitutive gene promoters, cytomegalovirus, elongation factor 1alpha, and ubiquitin-C, exhibited comparable silencing (20-30%) in NP cells over a 2-month period, suggesting their suitability for long-term reporter expression studies. Transduced NP cells maintained their progenitor state and differentiation potential, as demonstrated by expression of endogenous NP markers and neuronal markers after differentiation. We also detected reporter expression in astrocytes generated from NP cells transduced with an astrocyte-specific gene promoter, glial fibrillary acidic protein, demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. The genetically manipulated NP cells described here offer great potential for live cell-tracking experiments, and a similar approach can as well be used for expression of proteins other than reporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy K Dhara
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Parsons XH, Teng YD, Snyder EY. Important precautions when deriving patient-specific neural elements from pluripotent cells. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:815-24. [PMID: 19903095 PMCID: PMC3449142 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903180092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent human neural stem cells (hNSC) have traditionally been isolated directly from the central nervous system (CNS). To date, as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of neurologic disorders, the most promising results have been obtained using hNSC isolated directly from the human fetal neuroectoderm. The propagation ability of such tissue-derived hNSC is often limited, however, making it difficult to establish a large-scale culture. Following engraftment, these hNSC often show low efficiency in generating the desired neuronal cells necessary for reconstruction of the damaged host milieu and, as a result, have failed to give satisfactory results in clinical trials so far. Alternatively, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) offer a pluripotent reservoir for in vitro derivation of a rich spectrum of well-characterized neural-lineage committed stem/progenitor/precursor cells that can, theoretically, be picked at precisely their safest and most efficacious state of plasticity to meet a given clinical challenge. However, the need for 'foreign' biologic additives and multilineage differentiation inclination may make direct use of such cell-derived hNSC in patients problematic. The hNSC, when derived from pluripotent cells under protocols presently employed in the field, tend to display not only a low efficiency in neuronal differentiation, but also an inclination for phenotypic heterogeneity and instability and, hence, increased risk of tumorigenesis following engraftment. For hNSC derived in vitro to be used safely in therapeutic paradigms, it requires conversion of human pluripotent cells uniformly to cells that are restricted to the neural lineage in need of repair. Developing strategies for direct induction of human pluripotent cells exclusively into neural-committed progenies at a broad range of developmental stages will allow a large supply of optimal therapeutic hNSC tailor-made for safe and effective treatment of particular neurologic diseases and injuries in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun H. Parsons
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- Stem Cell Center, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yang D. Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, VA Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|