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Dai Y, Inagaki NF, Ueki R, Sando S, Hasegawa K, Ito T. Hepatocyte Growth Factor DNA Aptamer for Prevention of Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion via Enhancement of Fibrinolysis and Inhibition of Mesothelial Mesenchymal Transition. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4679-4689. [PMID: 38963794 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is a prevalent complication of abdominal surgery, posing a significant hindrance to postsurgical recovery. Although several strategies have been developed to alleviate and prevent adhesions, their efficacy remains unsatisfactory. For the first time, we studied the therapeutic effect and mechanism of our recently developed thermally stable oligonucleotide-based mimetics of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF DNA aptamer) to prevent PPA. The HGF DNA aptamer effectively inhibited canonical TGF-β1 signaling transduction, partially suppressing mesothelial mesenchymal transition. Additionally, the aptamer, respectively, upregulated and downregulated the expression of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thereby enhancing fibrinolytic activity. As a pleiotropic factor, the HGF DNA aptamer also enhanced the migratory and proliferative capacities of mesothelial cells. Finally, the aptamer demonstrated a higher level of effectiveness in preventing PPAs than the commercially available antiperitoneal adhesion barrier, Seprafilm. Due to its therapeutic benefits, excellent stability, biosafety, cost-effectiveness, and versatility, the HGF DNA aptamer demonstrates promise for preventing PPA in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Dai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Natsuko F Inagaki
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Li S, Li N, Li L, Zhan J. Sex Difference in the Association Between Serum Versican and Albuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3631-3639. [PMID: 38028986 PMCID: PMC10648950 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s434287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes. DKD is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Versican (VCAN), a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, has been proven to participate in oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to explore the overall and sex-based relationship between serum VCAN levels and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 428 patients with T2DM and 84 healthy individuals were enrolled. Patients with diabetes were separated into normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria groups, according to their urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Serum VCAN levels were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with males, female patients were older, and had higher total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lower body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin A1, alanine aminotransferase, urinary albumin (UA), and serum creatinine (SCr) (P < 0.05). The VCAN levels in male patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those in the healthy individuals. Male patients with T2DM with albuminuria (micro and macro) had higher levels of VCAN than in patients with normal albuminuria; the highest level was seen in patients with macroalbuminuria (P < 0.05). In male patients with T2DM, serum VCAN correlated positively with systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, UA, SCr, and UACR, but correlated negatively with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum VCAN to diagnose albuminuria was 0.702, with a corresponding cut-off value of 0.399 ng/mL (P < 0.001). However, the association between serum VCAN and UACR was not observed in female patients with T2DM. Conclusion Serum VCAN levels correlated positively with the severity of albuminuria in male patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niman Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linsen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao T, Sun Z, Lai X, Lu H, Liu L, Li S, Yuan JH, Guo Z. Tamoxifen exerts anti-peritoneal fibrosis effects by inhibiting H19-activated VEGFA transcription. J Transl Med 2023; 21:614. [PMID: 37697303 PMCID: PMC10494369 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains limited due to dialysis failure caused by peritoneal fibrosis. Tamoxifen (TAM), an inhibitor of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), has been reported to treat fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we sought to explore whether tamoxifen played an anti-fibrotic role by affecting transcription factor ESR1. METHODS ESR1 expression was detected in the human peritoneum. Mice were daily intraperitoneally injected with 4.25% glucose PD dialysate containing 40 mM methylglyoxal for 2 weeks to establish PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Tamoxifen was administrated by daily gavage, at the dose of 10 mg/kg. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to validate ESR1 bound H19 promoter. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the biological roles of H19 on the mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Intraperitoneal injection of nanomaterial-wrapped 2'-O-Me-modified small interfering RNA was applied to suppress H19 in the mouse peritoneum. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays demonstrated binding between H19 and p300. Exfoliated peritoneal cells were obtained from peritoneal dialysis effluent to analyze the correlations between ESR1 (or H19) and peritoneal solute transfer rate (PSTR). RESULTS ESR1 was increased significantly in the peritoneum after long-term exposure to PD dialysate. Tamoxifen treatment ameliorated high glucose-induced MMT of HPMCs, improved ultrafiltration rate, and decreased PSTR of mouse peritoneum. Tamoxifen reduced the H19 level by decreasing the ESR1 transcription of H19. Depletion of H19 reversed the pro-fibrotic effect of high glucose while ectopic expression of H19 exacerbated fibrotic pathological changes. Intraperitoneal injection of nanomaterial-wrapped 2'-O-Me-modified siRNAs targeting H19 mitigated PD-related fibrosis in mice. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down results delineated that H19 activated VEGFA expression by binding p300 to the VEGFA promoter and inducing histone acetylation of the VEGFA promoter. ESR1 and H19 were promising targets to predict peritoneal function. CONCLUSIONS High glucose-induced MMT of peritoneal mesothelial cells in peritoneal dialysis via activating ESR1. In peritoneal mesothelial cells, ESR1 transcribed the H19 and H19 binds to transcription cofactor p300 to activate the VEGFA. Targeting ESR1/H19/VEGFA pathway provided new hope for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhengyu Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongtao Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ji-Hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Fanelli C, Francini ALR, Celestrino GA, Teles F, Barbosa AP, Noda P, Iannuzzi LR, Guzzo CR, Ornellas FM, Noronha IL. Tamoxifen associated to the conservative CKD treatment promoted additional antifibrotic effects on experimental hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13985. [PMID: 37633958 PMCID: PMC10460450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CKD progression depends on the activation of an intricate set of hemodynamic and inflammatory mechanisms, promoting renal leukocyte infiltration, inflammation and fibrosis, leading to renal function loss. There are currently no specific drugs to detain renal fibrogenesis, which is a common end-point for different nephropathies. Clinical therapy for CKD is mostly based on the management of hypertension and proteinuria, partially achieved with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, and the control of inflammation by immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of the present study was to verify if the administration of tamoxifen (TAM), an estrogen receptor modulator, clinically employed in the treatment of breast cancer and predicted to exert antifibrotic effects, would promote additional benefits when associated to a currently used therapeutic scheme for the conservative management of experimental CKD. Wistar rats underwent the NAME model of hypertensive nephrosclerosis, obtained by daily oral administration of a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, associated to dietary sodium overload. The therapeutic association of TAM to losartan (LOS), and mofetil mycophenolate (MMF) effectively reduced the severe hypertension, marked albuminuria and glomerular damage exhibited by NAME animals. Moreover, the association also succeeded in limiting renal inflammation in this model, and promoted further reduction of ECM interstitial accumulation and renal fibrosis, compared to the monotherapies. According to our results, the association of TAM to the currently used conservative treatment of CKD added significant antifibrotic effects both in vivo and in vitro, and may represent an alternative to slow the progression of chronic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fanelli
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana L R Francini
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna A Celestrino
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Teles
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió - AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Ana P Barbosa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Noda
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro R Iannuzzi
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane R Guzzo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Ornellas
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
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Yang Q, Huo E, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Dong C, Asara JM, Wei Q. PFKFB3-Mediated Glycolysis Boosts Fibroblast Activation and Subsequent Kidney Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:2081. [PMID: 37626891 PMCID: PMC10453197 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, a hallmark of chronic kidney diseases, is driven by the activation of renal fibroblasts. Recent studies have highlighted the role of glycolysis in this process. Nevertheless, one critical glycolytic activator, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), remains unexplored in renal fibrosis. Upon reanalyzing the single-cell sequencing data from Dr. Humphreys' lab, we noticed an upregulation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the TGFβ signaling pathway in myofibroblasts from fibrotic kidneys after unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) or kidney ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, our experiments showed significant induction of PFKFB3 in mouse kidneys following UUO or kidney ischemia/reperfusion. To delve deeper into the role of PFKFB3, we generated mice with Pfkfb3 deficiency, specifically in myofibroblasts (Pfkfb3f/f/PostnMCM). Following UUO or kidney ischemia/reperfusion, a substantial decrease in fibrosis in the injured kidneys of Pfkfb3f/f/PostnMCM mice was identified compared to their wild-type littermates. Additionally, in cultured renal fibroblast NRK-49F cells, PFKFB3 was elevated upon exposure to TGFβ1, accompanied by an increase in α-SMA and fibronectin. Notably, this upregulation was significantly diminished with PFKFB3 knockdown, correlated with glycolysis suppression. Mechanistically, the glycolytic metabolite lactate promoted the fibrotic activation of NRK-49F cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the critical role of PFKFB3 in driving fibroblast activation and subsequent renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Yang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Emily Huo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Augusta Preparatory Day School, 285 Flowing Wells Rd, Martinez, GA 30907, USA
| | - Yongfeng Cai
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Charles Dong
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John M. Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Zhao WM, Wang ZJ, Shi R, Zhu Y, Li XL, Wang DG. Analysis of the potential biological mechanisms of diosmin against renal fibrosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking approach. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 37179298 PMCID: PMC10182711 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis is involved in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases and renal failure. Diosmin is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities. However, whether diosmin protects kidneys by inhibiting renal fibrosis is unknown. METHODS The molecular formula of diosmin was obtained, targets related to diosmin and renal fibrosis were screened, and interactions among overlapping genes were analyzed. Overlapping genes were used for gene function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. TGF-β1 was used to induce fibrosis in HK-2 cells, and diosmin treatment was administered. The expression levels of relevant mRNA were then detected. RESULTS Network analysis identified 295 potential target genes for diosmin, 6828 for renal fibrosis, and 150 hub genes. Protein-protein interaction network results showed that CASP3, SRC, ANXA5, MMP9, HSP90AA1, IGF1, RHOA, ESR1, EGFR, and CDC42 were identified as key therapeutic targets. GO analysis revealed that these key targets may be involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis and protein phosphorylation. KEGG indicated that pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway were key pathways for renal fibrosis treatment. Molecular docking results showed that CASP3, ANXA5, MMP9, and HSP90AA1 stably bind to diosmin. Diosmin treatment inhibited the protein and mRNA levels of CASP3, MMP9, ANXA5, and HSP90AA1. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental results suggest that diosmin ameliorates renal fibrosis by decreasing the expression of CASP3, ANXA5, MMP9, and HSP90AA1. CONCLUSIONS Diosmin has a potential multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway molecular mechanism of action in the treatment of renal fibrosis. CASP3, MMP9, ANXA5, and HSP90AA1 might be the most important direct targets of diosmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Man Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xun-Liang Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Blum KM, Mirhaidari GJM, Zbinden JC, Breuer CK, Barker JC. Tamoxifen reduces silicone implant capsule formation in a mouse model. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:638-647. [PMID: 36238364 PMCID: PMC9536088 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2022-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsular contracture as a result of the foreign body response (FBR) is a common issue after implant-based breast reconstruction, affecting up to 20% of patients. New evidence suggests that tamoxifen may mitigate the FBR. C57BL/6 female mice were treated with daily tamoxifen or control injections and implanted with bilateral silicone implants in the submammary glandular plane. Implants were removed en bloc after 2 weeks and the implant capsules were evaluated histologically. Tamoxifen treatment decreased capsule thickness, decreased the number of αSMA+ cells (477 ± 156 cells/mm control vs 295 ± 121 cells/mm tamoxifen, p = 0.005 unpaired t test), and decreased CD31+ cells (173.9 ± 96.1 cells/mm2 control vs 106.3 ± 51.8 cells/mm2 tamoxifen, p = 0.043 unpaired t test). There were similar amounts of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages (iNOS 336.1 ± 226.3 cells/mm control vs 290.6 ± 104.2 cells/mm tamoxifen, p > 0.999 Mann-Whitney test and CD163 136.6 ± 76.4 cells/mm control vs 94.1 ± 45.9 cells/mm tamoxifen, p = 0.108 unpaired t test). Tamoxifen treatment in the mouse silicone breast implant model decreased capsule formation through modulation of myofibroblasts, neovascularization, and collagen deposition. Tamoxifen may be useful for reducing or preventing capsule formation in clinical breast implantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Gabriel J M Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Jacob C Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Jenny C Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus Ohio USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wexner Medical Center The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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Khaksari M, Raji-Amirhasani A, Bashiri H, Ebrahimi MN, Azizian H. Protective effects of combining SERMs with estrogen on metabolic parameters in postmenopausal diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction: The role of cytokines and angiotensin II. Steroids 2022; 183:109023. [PMID: 35358567 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The beneficial effects of the administration of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and estrogen (E2), alone or in combination with each other, have been reported in postmenopausal diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction. In the present study, we determined the mechanism of action of SERMs and E2 on inflammatory balance, angiotensin II (Ang II) serum levels, and glycemic profile in a postmenopausal diabetic rat model. METHODS Ovariectomized rats with type 2 diabetes received daily SERMs (tamoxifen and raloxifene) and E2 for one month. After treatment, cardiovascular risk indices, glycemic profile, and serum Ang II, TNF-α and IL-10 levels were measured. RESULTS Type 2 diabetes caused an abnormal glycemic profile, which was exacerbated by ovariectomy. All treatments inhibited the effects of diabetes and ovariectomy on the glycemic profile, with combined treatments (SERMs + E2) showing stronger effects. Cardiovascular risk indices that became abnormal by diabetes and worsened by ovariectomy were improved in all treatment modalities. Also, combined treatment reduced serum Ang II, TNF-α, and the ratio of TNF-α to IL-10, indicating an improvement in inflammatory balance. CONCLUSION Our study showed the administration of SERMs and E2, alone or in combination, could be an effective alternative in the treatment of menopausal diabetes, and generally, the beneficial effects of combined treatments were more effective than the effects of E2 or SERMs alone. It appears that E2 or SERMs benefit the cardiovascular system by improving inflammatory balance and reducing Ang II levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Azizian
- Neurobiomedical Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Sfogliarini C, Pepe G, Dolce A, Della Torre S, Cesta MC, Allegretti M, Locati M, Vegeto E. Tamoxifen Twists Again: On and Off-Targets in Macrophages and Infections. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879020. [PMID: 35431927 PMCID: PMC9006819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the wide use of tamoxifen in breast cancer chemotherapy due to its estrogen receptor antagonist activity, this drug is being assayed in repurposing strategies against a number of microbial infections. We conducted a literature search on the evidence related with tamoxifen activity in macrophages, since these immune cells participate as a first line-defense against pathogen invasion. Consistent data indicate the existence of estrogen receptor-independent targets of tamoxifen in macrophages that include lipid mediators and signaling pathways, such as NRF2 and caspase-1, which allow these cells to undergo phenotypic adaptation and potentiate the inflammatory response, without the induction of cell death. Thus, these lines of evidence suggest that the widespread antimicrobial activity of this drug can be ascribed, at least in part, to the potentiation of the host innate immunity. This widens our understanding of the pharmacological activity of tamoxifen with relevant therapeutic implications for infections and other clinical indications that may benefit from the immunomodulatory effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sfogliarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Dolce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Locati
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Pepe G, Sfogliarini C, Rizzello L, Battaglia G, Pinna C, Rovati G, Ciana P, Brunialti E, Mornata F, Maggi A, Locati M, Vegeto E. ERα-independent NRF2-mediated immunoregulatory activity of tamoxifen. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112274. [PMID: 34653752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in immune-mediated diseases are linked to the activity of estrogens on innate immunity cells, including macrophages. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-dependent breast cancers and off-target indications such as infections, although the immune activity of TAM and its active metabolite, 4-OH tamoxifen (4HT), is poorly characterized. Here, we aimed at investigating the endocrine and immune activity of these SERMs in macrophages. Using primary cultures of female mouse macrophages, we analyzed the expression of immune mediators and activation of effector functions in competition experiments with SERMs and 17β-estradiol (E2) or the bacterial endotoxin LPS. We observed that 4HT and TAM induce estrogen antagonist effects when used at nanomolar concentrations, while pharmacological concentrations that are reached by TAM in clinical settings regulate the expression of VEGFα and other immune activation genes by ERα- and G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPER1)-independent mechanisms that involve NRF2 through PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanisms. Importantly, we observed that SERMs potentiate cell phagocytosis and modify the effects of LPS on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL1β, with an overall increase in cell inflammatory phenotype, further sustained by potentiation of IL1β secretion through caspase-1 activation. Altogether, our data unravel a novel molecular mechanism and immune functions for TAM and 4HT, sustaining their repurposing in infective and other estrogen receptors-unrelated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Sfogliarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry and; The EPSRC/Jeol Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Physics of Living System, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, U.K; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Electra Brunialti
- Department of Health Sciences University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Mornata
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Best KT, Studentsova V, Ackerman JE, Nichols AEC, Myers M, Cobb J, Knapp E, Awad HA, Loiselle AE. Effects of tamoxifen on tendon homeostasis and healing: Considerations for the use of tamoxifen-inducible mouse models. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1572-1580. [PMID: 32485026 PMCID: PMC7708438 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of tamoxifen-inducible models of Cre recombinase in the tendon field is rapidly expanding, resulting in an enhanced understanding of tendon homeostasis and healing. However, the effects of tamoxifen on the tendon are not well-defined, which is particularly problematic given that tamoxifen can have both profibrotic and antifibrotic effects in a tissue-specific manner. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of tamoxifen on tendon homeostasis and healing in male and female C57Bl/6J mice. Tamoxifen-treated mice were compared to corn oil (vehicle)-treated mice. In the "washout" treatment regimen, mice were treated with tamoxifen or corn oil for 3 days beginning 1 week prior to undergoing complete transection and surgical repair of the flexor digitorum longus tendon. In the second regimen, mice were treated with tamoxifen or corn oil beginning on the day of surgery, daily through day 2 postsurgery, and every 48 hours thereafter (D0-2q48) until harvest. All repaired tendons and uninjured contralateral control tendons were harvested at day 14 postsurgery. Tamoxifen treatment had no effect on tendon healing in male mice, regardless of the treatment regimen, while Max load was significantly decreased in female repairs in the Tamoxifen washout group, relative to corn oil. In contrast, D0-2q48 corn oil treatment in female mice led to substantial disruptions in tendon homeostasis, relative to washout corn oil treatment. Collectively, these data clearly define the functional effects of tamoxifen and corn oil treatment in the tendon and inform future use of tamoxifen-inducible genetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T. Best
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Valentina Studentsova
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Jessica E. Ackerman
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Anne E. C. Nichols
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Marlin Myers
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Justin Cobb
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Emma Knapp
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Alayna E. Loiselle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
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12
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Zhang F, Qin F, Yuan J. Molecular Mechanisms and Current Pharmacotherapy of Peyronie's Disease: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643641. [PMID: 34093182 PMCID: PMC8173627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a localized fibrotic lesion of the penis that has adverse effects on men’s health. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms and pharmacotherapies of PD. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library during 2001–2020. Although no oral or topical medication demonstrated efficacy in monotherapy of PD, several intralesional medications have yielded promising results. Currently, the effective strategy in management of PD should be combined modality therapy, including but not limited to pharmacotherapy, mechanical therapy, and psychotherapy. Meanwhile, basic research is still necessary to facilitate the development of novel and more reliable treatments. In future, more attention should be given simultaneously to epigenetic changes, inflammatory cytokines, the abnormal wound-healing process, and profibrotic and anti-fibrotic factors to provide more options for this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxun Zhang
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Blum KM, Roby LC, Zbinden JC, Chang YC, Mirhaidari GJM, Reinhardt JW, Yi T, Barker JC, Breuer CK. Sex and Tamoxifen confound murine experimental studies in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8037. [PMID: 33850181 PMCID: PMC8044102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts hold promise for the creation of functional blood vessels from biodegradable scaffolds. Because the precise mechanisms regulating this process are still under investigation, inducible genetic mouse models are an important and widely used research tool. However, here we describe the importance of challenging the baseline assumption that tamoxifen is inert when used as a small molecule inducer in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Employing a standard inferior vena cava vascular interposition graft model in C57BL/6 mice, we discovered differences in the immunologic response between control and tamoxifen-treated animals, including occlusion rate, macrophage infiltration and phenotype, the extent of foreign body giant cell development, and collagen deposition. Further, differences were noted between untreated males and females. Our findings demonstrate that the host-response to materials commonly used in cardiovascular tissue engineering is sex-specific and critically impacted by exposure to tamoxifen, necessitating careful model selection and interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Blum
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Lauren C Roby
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jacob C Zbinden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Gabriel J M Mirhaidari
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - James W Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Tai Yi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Jenny C Barker
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Christopher K Breuer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA.
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14
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Pan SY, Tsai PZ, Chou YH, Chang YT, Chang FC, Chiu YL, Chiang WC, Hsu T, Chen YM, Chu TS, Lin SL. Kidney pericyte hypoxia-inducible factor regulates erythropoiesis but not kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2021; 99:1354-1368. [PMID: 33812664 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD) inhibitors are effective in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated anemia by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), thereby increasing erythropoietin and consequently erythropoiesis. However, concern for CKD progression needs to be addressed in clinical trials. Although pre-clinical studies showed an anti-inflammatory effect in kidney disease models, the effect of PHD inhibitors on kidney fibrosis was inconsistent probably because the effects of HIF are cell type and context dependent. The major kidney erythropoietin-producing cells are pericytes that produce erythropoietin through HIF-2α-dependent gene transcription. The concern for the impact of HIF in pericytes on kidney fibrosis arises from the fact that pericytes are the major precursor cells of myofibroblasts in CKD. Since cells expressing Gli1 fulfill the morphologic and anatomic criteria for pericytes, we induced Gli1+ cell-specific HIF stabilization or knockout to study the impact of HIF in pericytes on kidney pathology of mice with or without fibrotic injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Compared with the littermate controls, mice with pericyte-specific HIF stabilization due to von Hippel-Lindau protein or PHD2 knockout showed increased serum erythropoietin and polycythemia rather than a discernible difference in kidney fibrosis. Compared with Gli1+ pericytes sorted from littermate controls, Gli1+ pericytes sorted from PHD2 knockout mice showed increased erythropoietin gene expression rather than discernible changes in Col1a1 or Acta2 expression. Furthermore, pericyte-specific knockout of HIF-1α or HIF-2α did not affect kidney fibrosis. Thus, our study supports the absence of negative effects of PHD inhibitors on kidney fibrosis of mice despite HIF stabilization in pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Zhen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chou
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chi Chang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Chiang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shinn Chu
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Akar E, Tural Emon S, Efendioğlu M, Erdoğan B, Engin T, Vardar Aker F. Effects of tamoxifen therapy on sciatic nerve crush injury: An experimental study in rats. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2021; 55:87-93. [PMID: 33847568 PMCID: PMC11229617 DOI: 10.5152/j.aott.2021.19183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of tamoxifen on sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model using histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical approaches. METHODS In this study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged of 5 to 7 weeks and weighing between 300 g and 400 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (group C), sciatic nerve injury (group SNI), and sciatic nerve injury with tamoxifen (group SNT). The sciatic nerve crush injury model was performed using the De Koning's crush force method. In group C, only a skin incision was made and then the skin was sutured. In group SNI, the injury model was performed but no treatment was applied. In group SNT, the injury model was executed, and then 40 mg/kg/day tamoxifen was given for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal methods. At the end of 4 weeks, all animals were killed using high doses of an anesthetic. Approximately, 2-cm sciatic nerve samples were obtained for histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses using the old skin incision. RESULTS In the histopathological examination, vascular congestion and density of vacuolization were significantly lower in group SNT than in group SNI (p<0.05). In the histomorphometric examination, the mean sciatic nerve diameter was 306±62 µm in group C, 510±42 µm in group SNI, and 204±23 µm in group SNT. A significant difference was observed in the sciatic nerve diameter measurements among the 3 groups (p<0.05). In pairwise comparisons, the mean sciatic nerve diameter was significantly lower in group SNT than in group SNI (p=0.00002). Sciatic nerve diameter measurements of both groups were found to be significantly higher than group C (p<0.05). The mean epineurium thickness was 17±0.8 µm in group C, 32±2.5 µm in group SNI, and 17±0.8 µm in group SNT. A significant difference was observed in the epineurium thickness measurements among the 3 groups (p<0.05). In pairwise comparisons, the epineurium thickness was significantly higher in group SNI than in groups SNT and C (p<0.05). In the immunohistochemical analysis, S100 immunoreactivity was found significantly higher in group SNI than in the other 2 groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The histomorphometric, histopathological, and immunohistochemical data obtained from this study have shown that tamoxifen has a beneficial effect on sciatic nerve crush injury in the experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Akar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Selin Tural Emon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Mustafa Efendioğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Barış Erdoğan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Taner Engin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Fügen Vardar Aker
- Department of Pathology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul,
Turkey
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16
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Ma HY, Chen S, Du Y. Estrogen and estrogen receptors in kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2021; 43:619-642. [PMID: 33784950 PMCID: PMC8018493 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1901739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are posing great threats to global health within this century. Studies have suggested that estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) play important roles in many physiological processes in the kidney. For instance, they are crucial in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and modulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in the kidney. Estrogen takes part in the kidney repair and regeneration via its receptors. Estrogen also participates in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis via its receptors in the proximal tubule. The ERα polymorphisms have been associated with the susceptibilities and outcomes of several renal diseases. As a consequence, the altered or dysregulated estrogen/ERs signaling pathways may contribute to a variety of kidney diseases, including various causes-induced AKI, diabetic kidney disease (DKD), lupus nephritis (LN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), CKD complications, etc. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that targeting estrogen/ERs signaling pathways might have protective effects against certain renal disorders. However, many unsolved problems still exist in knowledge regarding the roles of estrogen and ERs in distinct kidney diseases. Further research is needed to shed light on this area and to enable the discovery of pathway-specific therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Tingskov SJ, Jensen MS, Pedersen CET, de Araujo IBBA, Mutsaers HAM, Nørregaard R. Tamoxifen attenuates renal fibrosis in human kidney slices and rats subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111003. [PMID: 33227702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Renal fibrosis plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical studies have shown that CKD progresses differently in males and females, which may be related to circulating levels of sex hormones. In this study, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), on renal fibrosis in male and female rats subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and human precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Female, ovariectomized female (OVX), and male rats were subjected to 7 days of UUO and treated with TAM by oral gavage. Moreover, we studied individual responses to TAM treatment in PCKS prepared from female and male patients. In all models, the expression of fibrosis markers was examined by western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS TAM decreased the expression of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen-1 and -3 in female, OVX, and male rats. In addition, TAM mitigated TGF-β-induced fibrosis in human PCKS, irrespective of sex, yet interindividual differences in treatment response were observed. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TAM ameliorates renal fibrosis in males and females, although we did observe sex differences in drug response. These findings warrant further research into the clinical applicability of TAM, or other SERMs, for the personalized treatment of renal disease.
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18
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The effects of alone and combination tamoxifen, raloxifene and estrogen on lipid profile and atherogenic index of ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2020; 263:118573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Sex-dependent mechanisms involved in renal tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion: Role of inflammation and histone H3 citrullination. Transpl Immunol 2020; 63:101331. [PMID: 32890741 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, an inevitable result of kidney transplantation, triggers early inflammatory events that affect graft viability. Evidence from human transplantation and preclinical models of I/R suggests that a female hormonal environment positively influences the ability to recover from ischemic injury. However, the mechanisms behind these effects remain mostly unexplored. Here, we studied the influence of sex on pro-inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of acute I/R injury in male, female, and female ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats that underwent unilateral renal ischemia for 45 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We found improved renal function, reduced cytokine expression, and decreased infiltration of myeloperoxidase-positive cells in females after I/R, when compared to their male and female OVX counterparts. Remarkably, citrullination of histone H3 was exacerbated in serum and renal tubules of females after I/R. In contrast, we observed lower levels of citrullinated histone H3 in male and female OVX rats in response to I/R, mostly in neutrophil extracellular traps. Our results demonstrate that female sex promotes renal I/R tolerance by attenuating pro-inflammatory mediators involved in I/R-induced damage.
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20
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Ilg MM, Stafford SJ, Mateus M, Bustin SA, Carpenter MJ, Muneer A, Bivalacqua TJ, Ralph DJ, Cellek S. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Can Prevent But Not Reverse Myofibroblast Transformation in Peyronie's Disease. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1848-1864. [PMID: 32771352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblast transformation is a key step in the pathogenesis of Peyronie's disease (PD). Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can prevent the formation of fibrosis in in vitro and in vivo models of PD. However, it is unknown whether these drugs can also reverse established fibrosis. AIM To investigate whether PDE5is and SERMs can reverse transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced myofibroblast transformation and determine the point of no return. METHODS In-Cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transformation of human primary fibroblasts isolated from tunica albuginea (TA) of patients undergoing surgery for treatment of PD. Extracellular matrix production and collagen contraction assays were used as secondary assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and In-Cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure drug target expression. PDE5i (vardenafil) and SERM (tamoxifen) were applied at various time points after TGF-β1. OUTCOMES Reversibility of myofibroblast transformation and drug target expression were investigated in a time-dependent manner in TA-derived fibroblasts. RESULTS Vardenafil or tamoxifen could not reverse the myofibroblast traits of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and extracellular matrix production, whereas only tamoxifen affected collagen contraction after 72 hours of TGF-β1 treatment. Phosphodiesterase 5A and estrogen receptor (ER)-β were downregulated after 72 hours, and estrogen receptor -α protein could not be quantified. Tamoxifen could prevent myofibroblast transformation until 36 hours after TGF-β1 treatment, whereas vardenafil could prevent only 24 hours after TGF-β1 treatment. This was mirrored by downregulation of drug targets on mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, antifibrotic signaling pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and betaglycan (TGFB receptor III), were significantly downregulated after 36 hours of TGF-β1 exposure, as opposed to upregulation of profibrotic thrombospondin-1 at the same time point. CLINICAL TRANSLATION This study suggests that using PDE5is and SERMs might only help for early-phase PD and further highlights the need to test drugs at the appropriate stage of the disease based on their mechanism of action. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The study uses primary human TA-derived fibroblasts that enhances translatability of the results. Limitations include that only 1 example of PDE5i- and SERM-type drug was tested. Time course experiments were only performed for marker expression experiments and not for functional assays. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that timing for administration of drugs affecting myofibroblast transformation appears to be vital in in vitro models of PD, where 36 hours of TGF-β1 treatment can be suggested as a "point of no return" for myofibroblast transformation. Ilg MM, Stafford SJ, Mateus M, et al. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Can Prevent But Not Reverse Myofibroblast Transformation in Peyronie's Disease. J Sex Med 2020;17:1848-1864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Ilg
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK.
| | - Simon J Stafford
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Marta Mateus
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Stephen A Bustin
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Michael J Carpenter
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Asif Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Ralph
- Department of Urology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selim Cellek
- Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
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21
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Shati AA, Alfaifi MY. Salidroside protects against diabetes mellitus-induced kidney injury and renal fibrosis by attenuating TGF-β1 and Wnt1/3a/β-catenin signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1692-1704. [PMID: 32472701 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated if the nephroprotective effect of Salidroside in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) involves modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. Control or Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg, iv)-induced T1DM adult male Wister rats were treated with the vehicle and Salidroside (100 mg/kg, orally) for 8 weeks daily. As compared to T1DM-induced rats, Salidroside improved kidney structure, reduced urinary protein and albumin level, increased creatinine clearance, and suppressed renal fibrosis. It also decreased mRNA and protein levels of Wnt1, Wnt3, and TGF-β1, phosphorylation of Smad-3, total and nuclear levels of β-catenin, and levels and activities of cleaved caspase-3. Concomitantly, Salidroside significantly increased the levels of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37 /Thr41 ) and suppressed protein levels of Axin-2, fibronectin, and, mRNA and protein levels of collagen IIIa, the main targets of β-catenin. In both control and T1DM rats, Salidroside significantly lowered fasting glucose levels and reduced renal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) p-and GS3Kβ (Ser9) but significantly increased levels of SOD and GSH. In conclusion, Salidroside protected the kidney of rats against T1DM-induced injury and fibrosis by activating GS3Kβ-induced inhibition of Wnt1/Wnt3a β-catenin. This was associated with hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Reprogramming of Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Peritoneal Diseases by Estrogen Receptor Modulation and TGF-β1 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114158. [PMID: 32532126 PMCID: PMC7312018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic peritoneal diseases, mesothelial-mesenchymal transition is determined by cues from the extracellular environment rather than just the cellular genome. The transformation of peritoneal mesothelial cells and other host cells into myofibroblasts is mediated by cell membrane receptors, Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1), Src and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This article provides a narrative review of the reprogramming of mesothelial mesenchymal transition in chronic peritoneal diseases, drawing on the similarities in pathophysiology between encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and peritoneal metastasis, with a particular focus on TGF-β1 signaling and estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogen receptors act at the cell membrane/cytosol as tyrosine kinases that can phosphorylate Src, in a similar way to other receptor tyrosine kinases; or can activate the estrogen response element via nuclear translocation. Tamoxifen can modulate estrogen membrane receptors, and has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT), peritoneal mesothelial cell migration, stromal fibrosis, and neoangiogenesis in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, with a known side effect and safety profile. The ability of tamoxifen to inhibit the transduction pathways of TGF-β1 and HIF and achieve a quiescent peritoneal stroma makes it a potential candidate for use in cancer treatments. This is relevant to tumors that spread to the peritoneum, particularly those with mesenchymal phenotypes, such as colorectal CMS4 and MSS/EMT gastric cancers, and pancreatic cancer with its desmoplastic stroma. Morphological changes observed during mesothelial mesenchymal transition can be treated with estrogen receptor modulation and TGF-β1 inhibition, which may enable the regression of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and peritoneal metastasis.
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23
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Ribeiro BHD, Takenaka VS, Borges FS, Andrade TFD, Lessa SB, Mancero JMP, Noronha IL, David AI. Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in a kidney transplant recipient - Case Report. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:370-374. [PMID: 32406486 PMCID: PMC7657044 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) is a severe and rare condition frequently associated with peritoneal dialysis, characterized by bowel obstruction, with lethal consequences in 20% of the patients. The disease presents as a mass of fibrous tissue encapsulating visceral organs that may potentially compromise digestive tract function. This report describes the case of a patient under peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to chronic kidney disease secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis diagnosed with EPS. The patient had undergone two living-donor kidney transplant procedures. Surgical techniques and clinical measures employed to unravel bowel obstruction are described, which have been shown to ameliorate EPS secondary complications. Parenteral nutrition has significantly contributed to afford adequate nutrition, improving tissue healing as well as serum protein levels, vitamins and electrolytes. Therapy with tamoxifen and sodium thiosulfate effectively delayed the development of EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Henrique Dantas Ribeiro
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Equipe de Nefrologia e Transplante de Rim e Rim-Pâncreas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Suemi Takenaka
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho Digestivo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Felipe Sbrolini Borges
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho Digestivo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Transplante de Fígado, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Thales Franco de Andrade
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho Digestivo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sibele Braga Lessa
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Equipe de Nefrologia e Transplante de Rim e Rim-Pâncreas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jorge Marcelo Padilla Mancero
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho Digestivo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Transplante de Fígado, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Equipe de Nefrologia e Transplante de Rim e Rim-Pâncreas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Nefrologia Celular, Genética e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - André Ibrahim David
- Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho Digestivo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Instituto de Gastrocirurgia Avançada, Programa de Transplante de Fígado, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Masaki H, Imanishi Y, Naka H, Nagata Y, Kurajoh M, Mori K, Emoto M, Miki T, Inaba M. Bazedoxifene improves renal function and increases renal phosphate excretion in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:405-411. [PMID: 31897746 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because aging is a predictor of renal insufficiency in the general population, renal function is a concern in postmenopausal patients undergoing treatment for osteoporosis. Although high serum phosphate concentration is a predictor of renal insufficiency, the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on renal function and phosphate homeostasis remains to be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered 20 mg/day bazedoxifene to 48 postmenopausal osteoporotic women who had been taking alfacalcidol for ≥ 6 months, and assessed lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD), renal function (by calculating estimated glomerular filtration rate using serum cystatin-C levels [eGFRcys] [range 38.0-98.2 mL/min/1.73 m2]), and phosphate homeostasis. RESULTS LS-BMD was significantly higher 6 months after the initiation of bazedoxifene administration. eGFRcys had increased by 3 months after initiation and was stable until 12 months. Serum phosphate gradually decreased after initiation, reaching statistical significance at 6 months. The changes in serum phosphate were also significant when the maximum tubular reabsorption rate of phosphate was normalized to glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR), indicating that bazedoxifene treatment reduces serum phosphate by increasing the urinary excretion of phosphate. The change in eGFRcys after the initiation of bazedoxifene was significantly negatively correlated with the change in serum phosphate, suggesting that a reduction in serum phosphate improves renal function. CONCLUSION Bazedoxifene improves renal function, possibly by increasing renal phosphate excretion, in postmenopausal osteoporotic women without severe renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Masaki
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | | | - Yuki Nagata
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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25
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Dreger NM, Degener S, Roth S, Ahmad-Nejad P, Kamper L, Müller E, von Rundstedt FC, Brandt AS. Impact of CYP2D6 Polymorphisms on Tamoxifen Treatment in Patients With Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: A First Step Towards Tailored Therapy? Urology 2019; 137:84-90. [PMID: 31877313 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of CYP2D6 polymorphisms on outcomes and health-related quality of life of patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) receiving tamoxifen (TMX). TMX is an effective alternative to corticosteroids for patients with RPF. Conversion of TMX to more potent endoxifen is dependent on enzyme activity of CYP2D6. MATERIALS AND METHODS CYP2D6 genotyping and phenotype prediction of all patients treated with TMX between 02/2007 and 01/2018 was assessed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Groups were classified by phenotype: extensive (EM) vs poor and intermediate (PM + IM) vs ultrarapid metabolizer (UM). Retrospective evaluation of outcome (including magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography) and health-related quality of life using the SF-36 was performed. RESULTS A total of 63/194 patients received TMX, 40/63 with complete follow-up were sequenced: Twenty-nine patients with EM phenotype, 8 PM + IM and 3 UM. The median therapy duration was 364.5 days with a mean follow-up of 62.9 months. Seven therapy terminations occurred due to lack of response (17.5%), including all UM patients (P <.001). Magnetic resonance imagings showed a regression of fibrosis for EM and PM + IM in 69% and 62.5% of cases and a progression for UM in 100% (P = .004). In positron emission tomography-computed tomography, glucose utilization of RPF decreased significantly for EM and PM + IM. The physical sum-score of SF-36 improved for EM and PM + IM and decreased for UM (P <.05). The removal of DJ-stents was successful for EM, PM + IM, and UM in 48.3%, 75%, and 0% of cases (P = .0581). CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, UM showed the lowest success rate, which concludes that genotyping of RPF-patients may be useful in the sense of a tailored-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nici Markus Dreger
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Stephan Degener
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephan Roth
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parviz Ahmad-Nejad
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lars Kamper
- Department of Radiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Müller
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Friedrich Carl von Rundstedt
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany; Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Radiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alexander Sascha Brandt
- Department of Urology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
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Tingskov SJ, Mutsaers HAM, Nørregaard R. Estrogen regulates aquaporin-2 expression in the kidney. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 112:243-264. [PMID: 32061343 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are primarily identified as sex hormones that, for a long time, have been known as important regulators of female reproductive physiology. However, our understanding of the role of estrogens has changed over the past years. It is now well accepted that estrogens are also involved in other physiological and pathological processes in both genders. This is due to the fact that estrogen can act both local as well as on a systemic level. Next to its role in reproductive physiology, there is accumulating evidence that estrogen influences multiple systems involved in water homeostasis. This chapter will delineate the regulatory effects of estrogen on the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) found in the renal collecting duct. We will first provide an introduction to estrogen, the estrogen receptors and their role in renal physiology as well as describe the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the kidney. Subsequently, we will focus on how estrogen and SERMs influence water balance and regulate AQP2 expression in principal cells of the collecting duct. Finally, we will describe how estrogen regulates AQP2 functionality in other organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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27
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Sex and the kidneys: current understanding and research opportunities. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:776-783. [PMID: 31586165 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding sex differences are increasingly pertinent in scientific and societal arenas. Although biological sex and socio-cultural gender are increasingly recognized as important modulators of renal function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex differences in renal pathophysiology, disease development, progression and management. In this Perspectives article, we discuss specific opportunities for future research aimed at addressing these knowledge gaps. Such opportunities include the development of standardized core data elements and outcomes related to sex for use in clinical studies to establish a connection between sex hormones and renal disease development or progression, development of a knowledge portal to promote fundamental understanding of physiological differences between male and female kidneys in animal models and in humans, and the creation of new or the development of existing resources and datasets to make them more readily available for interrogation of sex differences. These ideas are intended to stimulate thought and interest among the renal research community as they consider sex as a biological variable in future research projects.
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28
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Milenkovic U, Ilg MM, Cellek S, Albersen M. Pathophysiology and Future Therapeutic Perspectives for Resolving Fibrosis in Peyronie’s Disease. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7:679-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Avouac J, Pezet S, Gonzalez V, Baudoin L, Cauvet A, Ruiz B, Boleto G, Brandely ML, Elmerich M, Allanore Y. Estrogens Counteract the Profibrotic Effects of TGF-β and their Inhibition Exacerbates Experimental Dermal Fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:593-601.e7. [PMID: 31476316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis primarily affects women. This sex bias raises the question on the role female hormones could play in the development of fibrosis, which is largely unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of estrogens in the development of experimental dermal fibrosis, in the mouse models of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and tight skin (Tsk-1) mice, and on the activation of dermal fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Estrogen inhibition, obtained through gene inactivation for the estrogen receptor-αknockout or treatment with tamoxifen, exacerbated skin fibrosis in the bleomycin model and in the Tsk-1 mice. In the dermal fibroblasts, treatment with 17-β-estradiol significantly decreased the stimulatory effects of TGF-β on collagen synthesis and myofibroblast differentiation, decreased the activation of canonical TGF-β signaling, and markedly reduced the expression of the TGF-β target genes. Tamoxifen reversed the inhibitory effects of estrogens by restoring Smad2/3 phosphorylation and TGF-β-induced collagen synthesis. Our results demonstrate a beneficial effect of estrogens in dermal fibrosis. Estrogens reduce the TGF-β-dependent activation of dermal fibroblasts, and estrogen inhibition leads to a more severe experimental dermal fibrosis. These findings are consistent with the prominent development of systemic sclerosis in postmenopausal women and the greater severity of the disease in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Avouac
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
| | - Sonia Pezet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Gonzalez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Léa Baudoin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cauvet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Ruiz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Gonçalo Boleto
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Marie Laure Brandely
- GH Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service de Pharmacie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Manon Elmerich
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 and CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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30
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Silva FMO, Costalonga EC, Silva C, Carreira ACO, Gomes SA, Sogayar MC, Fanelli C, Noronha IL. Tamoxifen and bone morphogenic protein-7 modulate fibrosis and inflammation in the peritoneal fibrosis model developed in uremic rats. Mol Med 2019; 25:41. [PMID: 31455237 PMCID: PMC6712623 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) represents a long-term complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), affecting peritoneal membrane (PM) integrity and function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying PF development in an uremic environment aiming alternative therapeutic strategies for treating this process is of great interest. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of tamoxifen (TAM) and recombinant BMP7 (rBMP7) in an experimental model of PF developed in uremic rats. Methods To mimic the clinical situation of patients on long-term PD, a combo model, characterized by the combination of PF and CKD with severe uremia, was developed in Wistar rats. PF was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG), and CKD was induced by an adenine-rich diet. Uremia was confirmed by severe hypertension, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN> 120 mg/dL) and serum creatinine levels (> 2 mg/dL). Uremic rats with PF were treated with TAM (10 mg/Kg by gavage) or BMP7 (30 μg/Kg, IP). Animals were followed up for 30 days. Results CG administration in uremic rats induced a striking increase in PM thickness, neoangiogenesis, demonstrated by increased capillary density, and failure of ultrafiltration capacity. These morphological and functional changes were blocked by TAM or rBMP7 treatment. In parallel, TAM and rBMP7 significantly ameliorated the PM fibrotic response by reducing α-SMA, extracellular matrix proteins and TGF-ß expression. TAM or rBMP7 administration significantly inhibited peritoneal Smad3 expression in uremic rats with PF, prevented Smad3 phosphorylation, and induced a remarkable up-regulation of Smad7, an intracellular inhibitor of TGFβ/Smad signaling, contributing to a negative modulation of profibrotic genes. Both treatments were also effective in reducing local inflammation, possibly by upregulating IκB-α expression in the PM of uremic rats with PF. In vitro experiments using primary peritoneal fibroblasts activated by TGF-ß confirmed the capacity of TAM or rBMP7 in blocking inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1ß expression. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings indicate important roles of TGF-ß/Smad signaling in PF aggravated by uremia, providing data regarding potential therapeutic approaches with TAM or rBMP7 to block this process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0110-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M O Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Elerson C Costalonga
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana C O Carreira
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Anatomy Department, University of São Paulo Veterinary and Zootecnology School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samirah A Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Fanelli
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
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Li X, Clappier C, Kleiter I, Heuchel R. Tamoxifen affects chronic pancreatitis-related fibrogenesis in an experimental mouse model: an effect beyond Cre recombination. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1756-1768. [PMID: 31380604 PMCID: PMC6768287 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is very successfully used for the induction of CreERT‐mediated genomic recombination in conditional mouse models. Recent studies, however, indicated that tamoxifen might also affect the fibrotic response in several disease models following administration, both in vitro and in vivo. In order to investigate a possible effect of tamoxifen on pancreatic fibrogenesis and to evaluate an optimal treatment scheme in an experimental pancreatitis mouse model, we administered tamoxifen by oral gavage to both male and female C57BL/6J mice and then waited for different periods of time before inducing chronic pancreatitis by cerulein. We observed a sex‐specific and time‐dependent effect of tamoxifen on the fibrotic response as measured by collagen deposition and the number of myofibroblasts and macrophages. The findings of in vitro studies, in which cerulein was administrated with or without 4‐hydroxytamoxifen to stimulate primary murine female and male pancreatic stellate cells, supported our in vivo observations. Real‐time PCR also indicated that this effect may be related to differences in ERα expression between female and male stellate cells. Our data demonstrate that tamoxifen administration has unignorable side effects, which affect the experimental outcome in a cerulein‐based model of chronic pancreatitis in mice. We suggest a 2‐week waiting period before cerulein administration to reduce side effects to a minimum for the described fibrosis model in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Pancreas Cancer Research (PaCaRes) Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Clappier
- Pancreas Cancer Research (PaCaRes) Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Pancreas Cancer Research (PaCaRes) Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Wu B, Shah SN, Lu P, Bollinger LE, Blaeser A, Sparks S, Harper AD, Lu QL. Long-Term Treatment of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene Alleviates Dystrophic Phenotype and Enhances Muscle Functions of FKRP Dystroglycanopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 188:1069-1080. [PMID: 29571322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The third most common form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies is caused by mutations of the Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) gene, with no effective therapy available. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, have been widely used for human conditions for their anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, prevention of bone loss, and muscle building effects (essential features for muscular dystrophy therapies). We evaluated therapeutic values of tamoxifen and raloxifene in FKRPP448L mutant mouse with severe dystrophic phenotype. The mice were treated with the drugs for 1 year through daily gavage. We demonstrate that tamoxifen and raloxifene significantly ameliorated the disease progression. The improvement includes increase in grip force production, extended running time and distance in treadmill test, and enhancement in cardiac and respiratory functions. Significant reduction in muscle pathology includes diminished fibrosis and fiber degeneration. Tamoxifen and raloxifene also significantly mitigated bone loss. Tamoxifen, but not raloxifene, caused severe adverse effects on male reproductive organs. The results demonstrate that tamoxifen and raloxifene hold significant potential for treating FKRP-related muscular dystrophy and probably other muscular dystrophies. Sex-related differential effects of the drugs call for a careful consideration for the drug and dosage selection in male and female patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | - Sapana N Shah
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Peijuan Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Lauren E Bollinger
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Blaeser
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Susan Sparks
- Clinical Genetics/Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Amy D Harper
- Clinical Genetics/Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Qi L Lu
- McColl-Lockwood Laboratory for Muscular Dystrophy Research, Levine Children's Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.
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33
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Chronic kidney disease induced by an adenine rich diet upregulates integrin linked kinase (ILK) and its depletion prevents the disease progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1284-1297. [PMID: 30726718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is one of the main pathological findings of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) although the pathogenesis of renal scar formation remains incompletely explained. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and intracellular signaling pathways, is involved in several pathophysiological processes during renal damage. However, ILK contribution in the CKD progress remains to be fully elucidated. In the present work, we studied 1) the renal functional and structural consequences of CKD genesis and progression when ILK is depleted and 2) the potential of ILK depletion as a therapeutic approach to delay CKD progression. We induced an experimental CKD model, based on an adenine-supplemented diet on adult wild-type (WT) and ILK-depleted mice, with a tubulointerstitial damage profile resembling that is observed in human CKD. The adenine diet induced in WT mice a progressive increase in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. In the renal cortex it was also observed tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis and progressive increased ECM components, pro-inflammatory and chemo-attractant cytokines, EMT markers and TGF-β1 expressions. These observations were highly correlated to a simultaneous increase of ILK expression and activity. In adenine-fed transgenic ILK-depleted mice, all these changes were prevented. Additionally, we evaluated the potential role of ILK depletion to be applied after the disease induction, as an effective approach to interventions in human CKD subjects. In this scenario, two weeks after the establishment of adenine-induced CKD, ILK was abrogated in WT mice and stabilized renal damage, avoiding CKD progression. We propose ILK to be a potential target to delay renal disease progression.
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Kim CS, Kim IJ, Choi JS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Tamoxifen ameliorates obstructive nephropathy through Src and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biol Cell 2018; 111:18-27. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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35
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Azizian H, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Sepehri G, Najafipour H. Therapeutic effects of tamoxifen on metabolic parameters and cytokines modulation in rat model of postmenopausal diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction: Role of classic estrogen receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:190-198. [PMID: 30316077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In postmenopausal women, the risk of diabetic cardiovascular disease drastically increases compared with that of premenopausal women. In the present study we surveyed the effects of Tamoxifen (TAM) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction. Female wistar rats were divided into six groups: sham-control, Diabetes, Ovariectomized (OVX) + Diabetes, OVX + Diabetes + Vehicle, OVX + Diabetes + E2, OVX + Diabetes + TAM. Type 2 diabetes was induced by High Fat Diet and low doses of STZ. E2 and TAM were administrated every four days for four weeks. Results show that, TAM or E2 reduces cardiac weight, atherogenic and cardiac risk indices. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased in diabetes group, while TAM and E2 prevented MABP increment. Also, fasting blood glucose was decreased by TAM and E2. Significant decrement in the level of IL-10 was observed in diabetes group and this effect was abolished by TAM and E2. Also, treatment with TAM and E2 resulted in improved inflammatory balance in favor of anti-inflammation. Although diabetes resulted in, increment of TC and LDL, TAM and E2 reduced lipids profile. Furthermore, treatment with TAM prevented the reduction of estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β protein levels, but its effect on the ERβ protein level was higher. Our results indicated that TAM protects against diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction and is a good candidate for E2 substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, and Metabolism & Endocrinology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Univerity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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36
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Yang W, Li L, Zhu F, Pei G, Yang J, Zhu H, Xu H, Wang M, Yang Q, Hu Z, Wang P, Xu G, Zeng R, Yao Y. Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of tamoxifen for ischemia-incited renal injury in mice. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2184-2194. [PMID: 30093955 PMCID: PMC6079119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is used to activate tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase (CreER) to generate time- and tissue-specific genetically mutant mice. However, tamoxifen is also an active estrogen analogue that binds with higher affinity to estrogen receptors and exhibits anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antifibrotic properties. Renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by increased apoptosis and inflammation, so optimal utility of tamoxifen-inducible CreER genetic systems in I/R model is important. The purpose of this study was to optimize the tamoxifen dose and evaluate its safety and tolerability in the development of mouse I/R injury. Seven-week-old C57/B6 mice were subjected to moderate reversible unilateral I/R and then injected intraperitoneally daily for 5 days with tamoxifen at doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day. Regardless of the time of sacrifice, at 5 day or 28 day after I/R injury, there were no differences in pathological damage, apoptosis, inflammation, or the extent of fibrosis between untreated and treated mice from the time point of acute kidney injury (AKI) to subsequently chronic kidney disease. Data above indicated that tamoxifen with a dose among 0 to 200 mg/kg/day was safe and tolerable for mice, without influencing I/R induced kidney injury in mice. The results suggest that tamoxifen-inducible CreER genetic systems can be safely used in the mouse I/R model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weiqi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fengming Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guangchang Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huzi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pengge Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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37
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Kumarasamy S, Waghulde H, Cheng X, Haller ST, Mell B, Abhijith B, Ashraf UM, Atari E, Joe B. Targeted disruption of regulated endocrine-specific protein ( Resp18) in Dahl SS/Mcw rats aggravates salt-induced hypertension and renal injury. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:369-375. [PMID: 29570433 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a classic example of a complex polygenic trait, impacted by quantitative trait loci (QTL) containing candidate genes thought to be responsible for blood pressure (BP) control in mammals. One such mapped locus is on rat chromosome 9, wherein the proof for a positional candidate gene, regulated endocrine-specific protein-18 ( Resp18) is currently inadequate. To ascertain the status of Resp18 as a BP QTL, a custom targeted gene disruption model of Resp18 was developed on the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) background. As a result of this zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated disruption, a 7 bp deletion occurred within exon 3 of the Resp18 locus. Targeted disruption of Resp18 gene locus in SS rats decreases its gene expression in both heart and kidney tissues regardless of their dietary salt level. Under a high-salt dietary regimen, both systolic and diastolic BP of Resp18mutant rats were significantly increased compared with SS rats. Resp18mutant rats demonstrated increased renal damage, as evidenced by higher proteinuria and increased renal fibrosis compared with SS rats. Furthermore, under a high-salt diet regimen, the mean survival time of Resp18mutant rats was significantly reduced compared with SS rats. These findings serve as evidence in support of Resp18 as a gene associated with the development of hypertension and renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven T Haller
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Basrur Abhijith
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Usman M Ashraf
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ealla Atari
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
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38
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Ozturk Y, Bozkurt I, Yaman ME, Guvenc Y, Tolunay T, Bayram P, Hayirli N, Billur D, Erbay FK, Senturk S, Bozkurt G. Histopathologic Analysis of Tamoxifen on Epidural Fibrosis. World Neurosurg 2018; 111:e941-e948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Lv W, Booz GW, Wang Y, Fan F, Roman RJ. Inflammation and renal fibrosis: Recent developments on key signaling molecules as potential therapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:65-76. [PMID: 29229532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. At the histological level, renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive kidney disease irrespective of the initial injury. Considerable evidence now indicates that renal inflammation plays a central role in the initiation and progression of CKD. Some of the inflammatory signaling molecules involved in CKD include: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Multiple antifibrotic factors, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are also downregulated in CKD. Therefore, restoration of the proper balance between pro- and antifibrotic signaling pathways could serve as a guiding principle for the design of new antifibrotic strategies that simultaneously target many pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing body of knowledge regarding activation of cytokine pathways and infiltration of inflammatory cells as a starting point for developing novel antifibrotic therapies to prevent progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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40
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Siqueira OHK, Oliveira KJ, Carvalho ACG, da Nóbrega ACL, Medeiros RF, Felix-Patrício B, Áscoli FO, Olej B. Effect of tamoxifen on fibrosis, collagen content and transforming growth factor-β1, -β2 and -β3 expression in common bile duct anastomosis of pigs. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:269-277. [PMID: 29205609 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
End-to-end anastomosis in the treatment for bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been associated with stricture formation. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the effect of oral tamoxifen (tmx) treatment on fibrosis, collagen content and transforming growth factor-β1, -β2 and -β3 expression in common bile duct anastomosis of pigs. Twenty-six pigs were divided into three groups [sham (n = 8), control (n = 9) and tmx (n = 9)]. The common bile ducts were transected and anastomosed in the control and tmx groups. Tmx (40 mg/day) was administered orally to the tmx group, and the animals were euthanized after 60 days. Fibrosis was analysed by Masson's trichrome staining. Picrosirius red was used to quantify the total collagen content and collagen type I/III ratio. mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, -β2 and -β3 was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The control and study groups exhibited higher fibrosis than the sham group, and the study group showed lower fibrosis than the control group (P = 0.011). The control and tmx groups had higher total collagen content than the sham group (P = 0.003). The collagen type I/III ratio was higher in the control group than in the sham and tmx groups (P = 0.015). There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, -β2 and -β3 among the groups (P > 0.05). Tmx decreased fibrosis and prevented the change in collagen type I/III ratio caused by the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Jesus Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Felix-Patrício
- Department of Natural Science, Fluminense Federal University, Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Otero Áscoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beni Olej
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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41
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Fanelli C, Dellê H, Cavaglieri RC, Dominguez WV, Noronha IL. Gender Differences in the Progression of Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease Induced by Chronic Nitric Oxide Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2159739. [PMID: 29181390 PMCID: PMC5664248 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2159739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a public health problem, assuming epidemic proportions worldwide. In this context, the preponderance of CKD prevalence in male over age-matched female patients is of note. In the present study, we investigated the impact of the gender on the development of experimental CKD induced by chronic nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in Wistar male and female rats through the administration of L-NAME. CKD model induced by L-NAME is characterized by systemic vasoconstriction, resulting in severe hypertension, albuminuria, renal ischemia, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial expansion, and macrophage infiltration. After 30 days of CKD induction, male NAME rats exhibited remarkable albuminuria, augmented cortical histological damage, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Age-matched female NAME rats showed significantly lower albuminuria, diminished glomerular ischemia, and glomerulosclerosis, as well as a significant reduction in the expression of α-smooth muscle actin renal interstitial Ang II+ cells. Thus, the present study demonstrated that female rats submitted to the NAME model developed less severe CKD than males. Female renoprotection could be promoted by both the estrogen anti-inflammatory activity and/or by the lack of testosterone, related to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hyperactivation and fibrogenesis. However, the influence of sex hormones on the progression of CKD needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fanelli
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Dellê
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita Cassia Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vasques Dominguez
- Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Irene L. Noronha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- NETCEM (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Anti-fibrotic effects of valproic acid in experimental peritoneal fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184302. [PMID: 28873458 PMCID: PMC5584960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive fibrous thickening of the peritoneal membrane is a complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). TGF-β/Smad pathway activation, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis play important roles in peritoneal membrane (PM) changes induced by PD. Recently, histone deacetilase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in different experimental models. These drugs prevent deacetylation of histones causing a loosen chromatin, which in turn induce the expression of some anti-fibrotic genes. In addition, acetylation may increase the activity of proteins involved in tissue fibrosis, such as Smad7. Here, we explored the effect of valproic acid (VPA), an HDACi, on the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) in rats. Methods PF was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for 15 consecutive days. Male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were divided into 3 groups: CONTROL, control rats receiving only vehicle; PF, peritoneal fibrosis induced in rats; PF+VPA, rats with PF treated with VPA (300 mg/kg/day by gavage). PF was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining. Inflammation and fibrosis-associated factors were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, multiplex analysis, and qPCR. Results Treatment with VPA significantly reduced PM thickness and the expression of myofibroblasts, besides preventing loss of ultrafiltration capacity of the PM. The upregulation of profibrotic factors (TGF-β, fibronectin, and Smad3) in the PF group was significantly ameliorated by VPA. VPA modulated the TGF/Smad pathway, inhibiting phosphorylated Smad3 expression and inducing an increased Smad7 expression in the FP+VPA group. The neoangiogenesis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1) observed in the PF group was significantly reduced by VPA. Conclusions Our results indicate that VPA suppressed experimental PF through modulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Interestingly, VPA treatment induced a higher expression of antifibrotic factors, such as Smad7. These results suggest that VPA may represent a potential strategy for treating long term PD complications.
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Gu X, Mallipattu SK, Guo Y, Revelo MP, Pace J, Miller T, Gao X, Jain MK, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, He JC, Mei C. The loss of Krüppel-like factor 15 in Foxd1 + stromal cells exacerbates kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1178-1193. [PMID: 28651950 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Large epidemiological studies clearly demonstrate that multiple episodes of acute kidney injury contribute to the development and progression of kidney fibrosis. Although our understanding of kidney fibrosis has improved in the past two decades, we have limited therapeutic strategies to halt its progression. Myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation remain critical to the progression of kidney fibrosis. Although canonical Wnt signaling can trigger the activation of myofibroblasts in the kidney, mediators of Wnt inhibition in the resident progenitor cells are unclear. Recent studies demonstrate that the loss of a Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), a kidney-enriched zinc-finger transcription factor, exacerbates kidney fibrosis in murine models. Here, we tested whether Klf15 mRNA and protein expression are reduced in late stages of fibrosis in mice that underwent unilateral ureteric obstruction, a model of progressive renal fibrosis. Knockdown of Klf15 in Foxd1-expressing cells (Foxd1-Cre Klf15fl/fl) increased extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast proliferation as compared to wildtype (Foxd1-Cre Klf15+/+) mice after three and seven days of ureteral obstruction. This was validated in mice receiving angiotensin II treatment for six weeks. In both these murine models, the increase in renal fibrosis was found in Foxd1-Cre Klf15fl/fl mice and accompanied by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, knockdown of Klf15 in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts activated canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increased profibrotic transcripts, and increased proliferation after treatment with a Wnt1 ligand. Conversely, the overexpression of KLF15 inhibited phospho-β-catenin (Ser552) expression in Wnt1-treated cells. Thus, KLF15 has a critical role in attenuating kidney fibrosis by inhibiting the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchen Gu
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China; Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of T.C.M, People's Republic of China
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jesse Pace
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Miller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John C He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Changlin Mei
- Kidney Institute of PLA, Department of Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Tamoxifen for induction of Cre-recombination may confound fibrosis studies in female mice. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:205-211. [PMID: 28497232 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of conditional knock-out mice relying on Tamoxifen-driven ERT2/Cre -mediated recombination are available and have been used to study involvement of specific genes in kidney disease. However, recent data suggest that Tamoxifen itself might attenuate fibrosis when administered during experimental models of kidney disease. It has remained unclear whether this still applies also if kidney damage is initiated after a wash-out period has been implemented. Here we report that the commonly applied regimen of administration of 4 alternate day doses of 1mg Tamoxifen per mouse until 14 days prior to start of the actual experiment, in this case the induction of obstructive nephropathy by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO), still attenuated fibrosis in female obstructed mouse kidneys, whereas this effect was not seen in male obstructed kidneys. Attenuation of fibrosis was accompanied by a reduction in nuclear ERα positivity despite absence of detectable levels of the active tamoxifen metabolite endoxifen throughout the UUO experiment. In conclusion, these results indicate that the Tamoxifen dosing regimen commonly applied in conditional gene targeting experiments might have prolonged confounding effects in female mice through attenuation of renal fibrosis independent of modulation of the expression of the targeted gene(s).
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Rogers KA, Moreno SE, Smith LA, Husson H, Bukanov NO, Ledbetter SR, Budman Y, Lu Y, Wang B, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Natoli TA. Differences in the timing and magnitude of Pkd1 gene deletion determine the severity of polycystic kidney disease in an orthologous mouse model of ADPKD. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/12/e12846. [PMID: 27356569 PMCID: PMC4926022 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a disease‐modifying therapy to treat autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) requires well‐characterized preclinical models that accurately reflect the pathology and biochemical changes associated with the disease. Using a Pkd1 conditional knockout mouse, we demonstrate that subtly altering the timing and extent of Pkd1 deletion can have a significant impact on the origin and severity of kidney cyst formation. Pkd1 deletion on postnatal day 1 or 2 results in cysts arising from both the cortical and medullary regions, whereas deletion on postnatal days 3–8 results in primarily medullary cyst formation. Altering the extent of Pkd1 deletion by modulating the tamoxifen dose produces dose‐dependent changes in the severity, but not origin, of cystogenesis. Limited Pkd1 deletion produces progressive kidney cystogenesis, accompanied by interstitial fibrosis and loss of kidney function. Cyst growth occurs in two phases: an early, rapid growth phase, followed by a later, slow growth period. Analysis of biochemical pathway changes in cystic kidneys reveals dysregulation of the cell cycle, increased proliferation and apoptosis, activation of Mek‐Erk, Akt‐mTOR, and Wnt‐β‐catenin signaling pathways, and altered glycosphingolipid metabolism that resemble the biochemical changes occurring in human ADPKD kidneys. These pathways are normally active in neonatal mouse kidneys until repressed around 3 weeks of age; however, they remain active following Pkd1 deletion. Together, this work describes the key parameters to accurately model the pathological and biochemical changes associated with ADPKD in a conditional mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Rogers
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah E Moreno
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie A Smith
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Hervé Husson
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Nikolay O Bukanov
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Steven R Ledbetter
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Yeva Budman
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Sanofi Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Yuefeng Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Sanofi Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Thomas A Natoli
- Department of Rare Renal Disease Research, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
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Aufhauser DD, Wang Z, Murken DR, Bhatti TR, Wang Y, Ge G, Redfield RR, Abt PL, Wang L, Svoronos N, Thomasson A, Reese PP, Hancock WW, Levine MH. Improved renal ischemia tolerance in females influences kidney transplantation outcomes. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1968-77. [PMID: 27088798 DOI: 10.1172/jci84712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimentally, females show an improved ability to recover from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) compared with males; however, this sex-dependent response is less established in humans. Here, we developed a series of murine renal ischemia and transplant models to investigate sex-specific effects on recovery after IRI. We found that IRI tolerance is profoundly increased in female mice compared with that observed in male mice and discovered an intermediate phenotype after neutering of either sex. Transplantation of adult kidneys from either sex into a recipient of the opposite sex followed by ischemia at a remote time resulted in ischemia recovery that reflected the sex of the recipient, not the donor, revealing that the host sex determines recovery. Likewise, renal IRI was exacerbated in female estrogen receptor α-KO mice, while female mice receiving supplemental estrogen before ischemia were protected. We examined data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to determine whether there is an association between sex and delayed graft function (DGF) in patients who received deceased donor renal transplants. A multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that there was a greater association with DGF in male recipients than in female recipients. Together, our results demonstrate that sex affects renal IRI tolerance in mice and humans and indicate that estrogen administration has potential as a therapeutic intervention to clinically improve ischemia tolerance.
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Valproic Acid Prevents Renal Dysfunction and Inflammation in the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5985903. [PMID: 27195290 PMCID: PMC4852329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5985903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI). At present, there are no effective therapies to prevent AKI. The aim of this study was to analyse whether valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties, prevents renal IRI. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: SHAM rats were subjected to a SHAM surgery, IRI rats underwent bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min, and IRI + VPA rats were treated with VPA at 300 mg/kg twice daily 2 days before bilateral IRI. Animals were euthanized at 48 hours after IRI. VPA attenuated renal dysfunction after ischemia, which was characterized by a decrease in BUN (mg/dL), serum creatinine (mg/dL), and FENa (%) in the IRI + VPA group (39 ± 11, 0.5 ± 0.05, and 0.5 ± 0.06, resp.) compared with the IRI group (145 ± 35, 2.7 ± 0.05, and 4.9 ± 1, resp.; p < 0.001). Additionally, significantly lower acute tubular necrosis grade and number of apoptotic cells were found in the IRI + VPA group compared to the IRI group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, VPA treatment reduced inflammatory cellular infiltration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that VPA prevents the renal dysfunction and inflammation that is associated with renal IRI.
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Fu Q, Colgan SP, Shelley CS. Hypoxia: The Force that Drives Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Med Res 2016; 14:15-39. [PMID: 26847481 PMCID: PMC4851450 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2015.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the United States the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) reached epidemic proportions in 2012 with over 600,000 patients being treated. The rates of ESRD among the elderly are disproportionally high. Consequently, as life expectancy increases and the baby-boom generation reaches retirement age, the already heavy burden imposed by ESRD on the US health care system is set to increase dramatically. ESRD represents the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A large body of evidence indicating that CKD is driven by renal tissue hypoxia has led to the development of therapeutic strategies that increase kidney oxygenation and the contention that chronic hypoxia is the final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated that one of the most potent means by which hypoxic conditions within the kidney produce CKD is by inducing a sustained inflammatory attack by infiltrating leukocytes. Indispensable to this attack is the acquisition by leukocytes of an adhesive phenotype. It was thought that this process resulted exclusively from leukocytes responding to cytokines released from ischemic renal endothelium. However, recently it has been demonstrated that leukocytes also become activated independent of the hypoxic response of endothelial cells. It was found that this endothelium-independent mechanism involves leukocytes directly sensing hypoxia and responding by transcriptional induction of the genes that encode the β2-integrin family of adhesion molecules. This induction likely maintains the long-term inflammation by which hypoxia drives the pathogenesis of CKD. Consequently, targeting these transcriptional mechanisms would appear to represent a promising new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwei Fu
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, La Crosse, WI
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Carl Simon Shelley
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Hu JH, Wei H, Jaffe M, Airhart N, Du L, Angelov SN, Yan J, Allen JK, Kang I, Wight TN, Fox K, Smith A, Enstrom R, Dichek DA. Postnatal Deletion of the Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor in Smooth Muscle Cells Causes Severe Aortopathy in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2647-56. [PMID: 26494233 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal deletion of the type II transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor (TBRII) prevents normal vascular morphogenesis and smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, causing embryonic death. The role of TBRII in adult SMC is less well studied. Clarification of this role has important clinical implications because TBRII deletion should ablate TGF-β signaling, and blockade of TGF-β signaling is envisioned as a treatment for human aortopathies. We hypothesized that postnatal loss of SMC TBRII would cause aortopathy. APPROACH AND RESULTS We generated mice with either of 2 tamoxifen-inducible SMC-specific Cre (SMC-CreER(T2)) alleles and homozygous floxed Tgfbr2 alleles. Mice were injected with tamoxifen, and their aortas examined 4 and 14 weeks later. Both SMC-CreER(T2) alleles efficiently and specifically rearranged a floxed reporter gene and efficiently rearranged a floxed Tgfbr2 allele, resulting in loss of aortic medial TBRII protein. Loss of SMC TBRII caused severe aortopathy, including hemorrhage, ulceration, dissection, dilation, accumulation of macrophage markers, elastolysis, abnormal proteoglycan accumulation, and aberrant SMC gene expression. All areas of the aorta were affected, with the most severe pathology in the ascending aorta. Cre-mediated loss of SMC TBRII in vitro ablated both canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling and reproduced some of the gene expression abnormalities detected in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SMC TBRII plays a critical role in maintaining postnatal aortic homeostasis. Loss of SMC TBRII disrupts TGF-β signaling, acutely alters SMC gene expression, and rapidly results in severe and durable aortopathy. These results suggest that pharmacological blockade of TGF-β signaling in humans could cause aortic disease rather than prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong Hu
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Hao Wei
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Mia Jaffe
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Nathan Airhart
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Liang Du
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Stoyan N Angelov
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - James Yan
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Julie K Allen
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Inkyung Kang
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Thomas N Wight
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Kate Fox
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Alexandra Smith
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Rachel Enstrom
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - David A Dichek
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.).
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Tamoxifen Inhibits TGF-β-Mediated Activation of Myofibroblasts by Blocking Non-Smad Signaling Through ERK1/2. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3084-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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