1
|
Yan P, Lin X, Wu L, Xu L, Li F, Liu J, Xu F. The binding mechanism of an anti-multiple myeloma antibody to the human GPRC5D homodimer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5255. [PMID: 38898050 PMCID: PMC11187071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
GPRC5D is an atypical Class C orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Its high expression on the surface of multiple myeloma cells has rendered it an attractive target for therapeutic interventions, including monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cells, and T-cell engagers. Despite its therapeutic potential, the insufficient understanding regarding of the receptor's structure and antibody recognition mechanism has impeded the progress of effective therapeutic development. Here, we present the structure of GPRC5D in complex with a preclinical-stage single-chain antibody (scFv). Our structural analysis reveals that the GPRC5D presents a close resemblance to the typical Class C GPCRs in the transmembrane region. We identify a distinct head-to-head homodimer arrangement and interface mainly involving TM4, setting it apart from other Class C homo- or hetero-dimers. Furthermore, we elucidate the binding site engaging a sizable extracellular domain on GPRC5D for scFv recognition. These insights not only unveil the distinctive dimer organization of this unconventional Class C GPCR but also hold the potential to advance drug development targeting GPRC5D for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- JiKang Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sampei C, Kato K, Arasaki Y, Kimura Y, Konno T, Otsuka K, Kohara Y, Noda M, Ezura Y, Hayata T. Gprc5a is a novel parathyroid hormone-inducible gene and negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38769895 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Teriparatide is a peptide derived from a parathyroid hormone (PTH) and an osteoporosis therapeutic drug with potent bone formation-promoting activity. To identify novel druggable genes that act downstream of PTH signaling and are potentially involved in bone formation, we screened PTH target genes in mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Here we show that Gprc5a, encoding an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is a novel PTH-inducible gene and negatively regulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. PTH treatment induced Gprc5a expression in MC3T3-E1 cells, rat osteosarcoma ROS17/2.8 cells, and mouse femurs. Induction of Gprc5a expression by PTH occurred in the absence of protein synthesis and was mediated primarily via the cAMP pathway, suggesting that Gprc5a is a direct target of PTH signaling. Interestingly, Gprc5a expression was induced additively by co-treatment with PTH and 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), or retinoic acid in MC3T3-E1 cells. Reporter analysis of a 1 kb fragment of human GPRC5A promoter revealed that the promoter fragment showed responsiveness to PTH via the cAMP response element, suggesting that GPRC5A is also a PTH-inducible gene in humans. Gprc5a knockdown promoted cell viability and proliferation, as demonstrated by MTT and BrdU assays. Gprc5a knockdown also promoted osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by gene expression analysis and mineralization assay. Mechanistic studies showed that Gprc5a interacted with BMPR1A and suppressed BMP signaling induced by BMP-2 and constitutively active BMP receptors, ALK2 (ACVR1) Q207D and ALK3 (BMPR1A) Q233D. Thus, our results suggest that Gprc5a is a novel gene induced by PTH that acts in an inhibitory manner on both cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation and is a candidate for drug targets for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Sampei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuto Konno
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanon Otsuka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kohara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hayata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He A, Liao F, Lin X. Circ_0007351 Exerts an Oncogenic Role In Colorectal Cancer Depending on the Modulation of the miR-5195-3p/GPRC5A Cascade. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01071-3. [PMID: 38386274 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert critical functions in colorectal cancer development. In this work, we wanted to elucidate the functional role and regulatory mechanism of circ_0007351 in colorectal cancer. For quantification of circ_0007351, microRNA (miR)-5195-3p and G Protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A), a qRT-PCR, immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry assay was performed. Effects of circ_0007351/miR-5195-3p/GPRC5A cascade were evaluated by determining cell viability, proliferation, colony formation, motility, and invasion. Relationships among variables were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Animal studies were performed to evaluate circ_0007351's function in the growth of xenograft tumors. Circ_0007351 was markedly up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. Down-regulation of circ_0007351 hindered cell growth, migration and invasiveness. Also, circ_0007351 depletion exerted a suppressive function in colorectal cell xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0007351 sponged miR-5195-3p to sequester miR-5195-3p. Reduction of available miR-5195-3p neutralized the effects of circ_0007351 down-regulation on cell phenotypes. MiR-5195-3p directly targeted and inhibited GPRC5A. Circ_0007351 regulated GPRC5A expression by sponging miR-5195-3p. Moreover, the effects of circ_0007351 down-regulation on cell functional phenotypes were due to in part the reduction of GPRC5A expression. Our findings show that circ_0007351 down-regulation impedes proliferation, motility, and invasiveness in colorectal cancer cells at least in part via the regulation of the miR-5195-3p/GPRC5A cascade, highlighting that circ_0007351 inhibition may have a potential therapeutic value for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijun He
- Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, NO. 118, Longjing Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Fangxin Liao
- Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Oncology Department, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, NO. 118, Longjing Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iglesias González PA, Valdivieso ÁG, Santa-Coloma TA. The G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A-a phorbol ester and retinoic acid-induced orphan receptor with roles in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:465-480. [PMID: 37467514 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
GPRC5A is the first member of a new class of orphan receptors coupled to G proteins, which also includes GPRC5B, GPRC5C, and GPRC5D. Since its cloning and identification in the 1990s, substantial progress has been made in understanding the possible functions of this receptor. GPRC5A has been implicated in a variety of cellular events, such as cytoskeleton reorganization, cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, migration, and survival. It appears to be a central player in different pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage. The levels of GPRC5A expression differ depending on the type of cancer, with increased expression in colon, pancreas, and prostate cancers; decreased expression in lung cancer; and varied results in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the early discovery of GPRC5A as a phorbol ester-induced gene and later as a retinoic acid-induced gene, its regulation, and its participation in important canonical pathways related to numerous types of tumors and inflammatory processes. GPRC5A represents a potential new target for cancer, inflammation, and immunity therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Iglesias González
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao X, Stein KR, Chen V, Griffin ME, Lairson LL, Hang HC. Chemoproteomics reveals microbiota-derived aromatic monoamine agonists for GPRC5A. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1205-1214. [PMID: 37248411 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota generates diverse metabolites to modulate host physiology and disease, but their protein targets and mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated. To address this challenge, we explored microbiota-derived indole metabolites and developed photoaffinity chemical reporters for proteomic studies. We identified many potential indole metabolite-interacting proteins, including metabolic enzymes, transporters, immune sensors and G protein-coupled receptors. Notably, we discovered that aromatic monoamines can bind the orphan receptor GPRC5A and stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. Metabolomic and functional profiling also revealed specific amino acid decarboxylase-expressing microbiota species that produce aromatic monoamine agonists for GPRC5A-β-arrestin recruitment. Our analysis of synthetic aromatic monoamine derivatives identified 7-fluorotryptamine as a more potent agonist of GPRC5A. These results highlight the utility of chemoproteomics to identify microbiota metabolite-interacting proteins and the development of small-molecule agonists for orphan receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R Stein
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Chen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Matthew E Griffin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng J, Li G, Wang W, Stovall DB, Sui G, Li D. Circular RNAs with protein-coding ability in oncogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188909. [PMID: 37172651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As ubiquitously expressed transcripts in eukaryotes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed and lack a 5'-cap and 3'-polyadenylation (poly (A)) tail. Initially, circRNAs were considered non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and their roles as sponging molecules to adsorb microRNAs have been extensively reported. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs could encode functional polypeptides through the initiation of translation mediated by internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) or N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In this review, we collectively discuss the biogenesis, cognate mRNA products, regulatory mechanisms, aberrant expression and biological phenotypes or clinical relevance of all currently reported, cancer-relevant protein-coding circRNAs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive overview of circRNA-encoded proteins and their physiological and pathological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenmeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- College of Arts and Sciences, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, United States
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manners O, Baquero-Perez B, Mottram TJ, Yonchev ID, Trevelyan CJ, Harper KL, Menezes S, Patterson MR, Macdonald A, Wilson SA, Aspden JL, Whitehouse A. m 6A Regulates the Stability of Cellular Transcripts Required for Efficient KSHV Lytic Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:1381. [PMID: 37376680 DOI: 10.3390/v15061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The epitranscriptomic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous feature of the mammalian transcriptome. It modulates mRNA fate and dynamics to exert regulatory control over numerous cellular processes and disease pathways, including viral infection. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation from the latent phase leads to the redistribution of m6A topology upon both viral and cellular mRNAs within infected cells. Here we investigate the role of m6A in cellular transcripts upregulated during KSHV lytic replication. Our results show that m6A is crucial for the stability of the GPRC5A mRNA, whose expression is induced by the KSHV latent-lytic switch master regulator, the replication and transcription activator (RTA) protein. Moreover, we demonstrate that GPRC5A is essential for efficient KSHV lytic replication by directly regulating NFκB signalling. Overall, this work highlights the central importance of m6A in modulating cellular gene expression to influence viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Manners
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Belinda Baquero-Perez
- Molecular Virology Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy J Mottram
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ivaylo D Yonchev
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Christopher J Trevelyan
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katherine L Harper
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah Menezes
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Molly R Patterson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stuart A Wilson
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julie L Aspden
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adrian Whitehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Padovani-Claudio DA, Ramos CJ, Capozzi ME, Penn JS. Elucidating glial responses to products of diabetes-associated systemic dyshomeostasis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 94:101151. [PMID: 37028118 PMCID: PMC10683564 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working age adults. DR has non-proliferative stages, characterized in part by retinal neuroinflammation and ischemia, and proliferative stages, characterized by retinal angiogenesis. Several systemic factors, including poor glycemic control, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increase the risk of DR progression to vision-threatening stages. Identification of cellular or molecular targets in early DR events could allow more prompt interventions pre-empting DR progression to vision-threatening stages. Glia mediate homeostasis and repair. They contribute to immune surveillance and defense, cytokine and growth factor production and secretion, ion and neurotransmitter balance, neuroprotection, and, potentially, regeneration. Therefore, it is likely that glia orchestrate events throughout the development and progression of retinopathy. Understanding glial responses to products of diabetes-associated systemic dyshomeostasis may reveal novel insights into the pathophysiology of DR and guide the development of novel therapies for this potentially blinding condition. In this article, first, we review normal glial functions and their putative roles in the development of DR. We then describe glial transcriptome alterations in response to systemic circulating factors that are upregulated in patients with diabetes and diabetes-related comorbidities; namely glucose in hyperglycemia, angiotensin II in hypertension, and the free fatty acid palmitic acid in hyperlipidemia. Finally, we discuss potential benefits and challenges associated with studying glia as targets of DR therapeutic interventions. In vitro stimulation of glia with glucose, angiotensin II and palmitic acid suggests that: 1) astrocytes may be more responsive than other glia to these products of systemic dyshomeostasis; 2) the effects of hyperglycemia on glia are likely to be largely osmotic; 3) fatty acid accumulation may compound DR pathophysiology by promoting predominantly proinflammatory and proangiogenic transcriptional alterations of macro and microglia; and 4) cell-targeted therapies may offer safer and more effective avenues for DR treatment as they may circumvent the complication of pleiotropism in retinal cell responses. Although several molecules previously implicated in DR pathophysiology are validated in this review, some less explored molecules emerge as potential therapeutic targets. Whereas much is known regarding glial cell activation, future studies characterizing the role of glia in DR and how their activation is regulated and sustained (independently or as part of retinal cell networks) may help elucidate mechanisms of DR pathogenesis and identify novel drug targets for this blinding disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Ann Padovani-Claudio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, B3321A Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-0011, USA.
| | - Carla J Ramos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, AA1324 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-0011, USA.
| | - Megan E Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
| | - John S Penn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, B3307 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-0011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muto Y, Dixon EE, Yoshimura Y, Wu H, Omachi K, Ledru N, Wilson PC, King AJ, Eric Olson N, Gunawan MG, Kuo JJ, Cox JH, Miner JH, Seliger SL, Woodward OM, Welling PA, Watnick TJ, Humphreys BD. Defining cellular complexity in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by multimodal single cell analysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6497. [PMID: 36310237 PMCID: PMC9618568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the leading genetic cause of end stage renal disease characterized by progressive expansion of kidney cysts. To better understand the cell types and states driving ADPKD progression, we analyze eight ADPKD and five healthy human kidney samples, generating single cell multiomic atlas consisting of ~100,000 single nucleus transcriptomes and ~50,000 single nucleus epigenomes. Activation of proinflammatory, profibrotic signaling pathways are driven by proximal tubular cells with a failed repair transcriptomic signature, proinflammatory fibroblasts and collecting duct cells. We identify GPRC5A as a marker for cyst-lining collecting duct cells that exhibits increased transcription factor binding motif availability for NF-κB, TEAD, CREB and retinoic acid receptors. We identify and validate a distal enhancer regulating GPRC5A expression containing these motifs. This single cell multiomic analysis of human ADPKD reveals previously unrecognized cellular heterogeneity and provides a foundation to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eryn E Dixon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kohei Omachi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicolas Ledru
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Parker C Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jay J Kuo
- Chinook Therapeutics, Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen L Seliger
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Terry J Watnick
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hsieh CY, Tu CC, Hung JH. Estimating intraclonal heterogeneity and subpopulation changes from bulk expression profiles in CMap. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202101299. [PMID: 35688486 PMCID: PMC9187873 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premnas is a computational framework that provides a new perspective to interpret perturbational data in LINC L1000 CMap by learning an ad hoc subpopulation representation from scRNA-seq and performing the digital cytometry to estimate the abundance of undetermined subpopulations. The connectivity among signatures upon perturbations curated in the CMap library provides a valuable resource for understanding therapeutic pathways and biological processes associated with the drugs and diseases. However, because of the nature of bulk-level expression profiling by the L1000 assay, intraclonal heterogeneity and subpopulation compositional change that could contribute to the responses to perturbations are largely neglected, hampering the interpretability and reproducibility of the connections. In this work, we proposed a computational framework, Premnas, to estimate the abundance of undetermined subpopulations from L1000 profiles in CMap directly according to an ad hoc subpopulation representation learned from a well-normalized batch of single-cell RNA-seq datasets by the archetypal analysis. By recovering the information of subpopulation changes upon perturbation, the potentials of drug-resistant/susceptible subpopulations with CMap L1000 were further explored and examined. The proposed framework enables a new perspective to understand the connectivity among cellular signatures and expands the scope of the CMAP and other similar perturbation datasets limited by the bulk profiling technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Tu
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Hung
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ba-Alawi W, Kadambat Nair S, Li B, Mammoliti A, Smirnov P, Mer AS, Penn LZ, Haibe-Kains B. Bimodal gene expression in cancer patients provides interpretable biomarkers for drug sensitivity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2378-2387. [PMID: 35536872 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers predictive of cancer cell response to drug treatment constitutes one of the main challenges in precision oncology. Recent large-scale cancer pharmacogenomic studies have opened new avenues of research to develop predictive biomarkers by profiling thousands of human cancer cell lines at the molecular level and screening them with hundreds of approved drugs and experimental chemical compounds. Many studies have leveraged these data to build predictive models of response using various statistical and machine learning methods. However, a common pitfall to these methods is the lack of interpretability as to how they make predictions, hindering the clinical translation of these models. To alleviate this issue, we used the recent logic modeling approach to develop a new machine learning pipeline that explores the space of bimodally expressed genes in multiple large in vitro pharmacogenomic studies and builds multivariate, nonlinear, yet interpretable logic-based models predictive of drug response. The performance of this approach was showcased in a compendium of the three largest in vitro pharmacogenomic data sets to build robust and interpretable models for 101 drugs that span 17 drug classes with high validation rates in independent datasets. These results along with in vivo and clinical validation, support a better translation of gene expression biomarkers between model systems using bimodal gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bo Li
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Callai EMM, Zin LEF, Catarina LS, Ponzoni D, Gonçalves CAS, Vizuete AFK, Cougo MC, Boff J, Puricelli E, Fernandes EK, da Silva Torres IL, Quevedo AS. Evaluation of the immediate effects of a single transcranial direct current stimulation session on astrocyte activation, inflammatory response, and pain threshold in naïve rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113880. [PMID: 35390432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated clinical benefits such as analgesia, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms of action of a single tDCS session are poorly characterized. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a single tDCS session on pain sensitivity, inflammatory parameters, and astrocyte activity in naive rats. In the first experiment, sixty-day-old male Wistar rats (n=95) were tested for mechanical pain threshold (von Frey test). Afterward, animals were submitted to a single bimodal tDCS (0.5mA, 20minutes) or sham-tDCS session. According to the group, animals were re-tested at different time intervals (30, 60, 120minutes, or 24hours) after the intervention, euthanized, and the cerebral cortex collected for biochemical analysis. A second experiment (n=16) was performed using a similar protocol to test the hypotheses that S100B levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are altered by tDCS. Elisa assay quantified the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL10), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test (P<0.05). Results showed that tDCS decreased pain sensitivity (30 and 60min), cerebral TNF-α and S100B levels (30min). CSF S100B levels increased 30minutes after intervention. There were no differences in IL10 and GFAP levels. TCDS showed analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in naive animals. Therefore, this non-invasive and inexpensive therapy may potentially be a preemptive alternative to reduce pain, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in situations where patients will undergo medical procedures (e.g., surgery).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etiane Micheli Meyer Callai
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Santa Catarina
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Deise Ponzoni
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Cristian Cougo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamile Boff
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edela Puricelli
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Silva Quevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neuroscience Graduate Program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmacology Graduate Program, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Del Giudice S, De Luca V, Parizadeh S, Russo D, Luini A, Di Martino R. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulatory Signaling in the Secretory Pathway: Role of Golgi Signaling Molecules in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833663. [PMID: 35399533 PMCID: PMC8984190 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic transport route that constitutes the secretory pathway plays a fundamental role in the cell, providing to the synthesis and transport of around one third of human proteins and most lipids. Signaling molecules within autoregulatory circuits on the intracellular membranes of the secretory pathway regulate these processes, especially at the level of the Golgi complex. Indeed, cancer cells can hijack several of these signaling molecules, and therefore also the underlying regulated processes, to bolster their growth or gain more aggressive phenotypes. Here, we review the most important autoregulatory circuits acting on the Golgi, emphasizing the role of specific signaling molecules in cancer. In fact, we propose to draw awareness to highlight the Golgi-localized regulatory systems as potential targets in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Luini
- *Correspondence: Alberto Luini, ; Rosaria Di Martino,
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Endomembrane-Based Signaling by GPCRs and G-Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030528. [PMID: 35159337 PMCID: PMC8834376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and G-proteins have a range of roles in many physiological and pathological processes and are among the most studied signaling proteins. A plethora of extracellular stimuli can activate the GPCR and can elicit distinct intracellular responses through the activation of specific transduction pathways. For many years, biologists thought that GPCR signaling occurred entirely on the plasma membrane. However, in recent decades, many lines of evidence have proved that the GPCRs and G-proteins may reside on endomembranes and can start or propagate signaling pathways through the organelles that form the secretory route. How these alternative intracellular signaling pathways of the GPCR and G-proteins influence the physiological and pathological function of the endomembranes is still under investigation. Here, we review the general role and classification of GPCRs and G-proteins with a focus on their signaling pathways in the membrane transport apparatus.
Collapse
|
15
|
Divulging the Critical Role of HuR in Pancreatic Cancer as a Therapeutic Target and a Means to Overcome Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184634. [PMID: 34572861 PMCID: PMC8471481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With pancreatic cancer incidence constantly rising, constituting one of the most lethal type of cancers worldwide, the need for discovering novel therapeutic targets and approaches becomes of the utmost importance. Meanwhile, modern eating habits, hyperadiposity, mutational burden affecting core signaling pathways and the unique tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer tissues intermingle and form a disease that is lethal and hard to treat. The importance of HuR in pancreatic cancer has repeatedly been observed and represents a key molecule in pancreatic carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Therefore, creating and obtaining new therapeutic skills against HuR protein could prove to be the answer to pancreatic cancer therapy. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is set to become the most lethal and common type of cancer worldwide. This is partly attributed to the mutational burden that affects core signaling pathways and the crosstalk of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment, but it is also due to modern eating habits. Hyperadiposity along with the constant rise in metabolic syndrome’s incidence contribute to a state of metaflammation that impacts immune cells and causes them to shift towards an immunosuppressive phenotype that, ultimately, allows tumor cells to evade immune control. Unfortunately, among the conventional therapeutic modalities and the novel therapeutic agents introduced, pancreatic cancer still holds one of the lowest response rates to therapy. Human antigen R (HuR), an RNA binding protein (RBP), has been repeatedly found to be implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis and chemotherapy resistance through the posttranscriptional binding and regulation of mRNA target genes. Additionally, its overexpression has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes, in terms of tumor grade, stage, lymph node status and metastasis. These properties suggest the prospective role that HuR’s therapeutic targeting can play in facilitating pancreatic neoplasia and could provide the means to overcome chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mashayekhi V, Mocellin O, Fens MH, Krijger GC, Brosens LA, Oliveira S. Targeting of promising transmembrane proteins for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:9022-9037. [PMID: 34522225 PMCID: PMC8419040 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer due to the relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Current treatment regimens mainly comprise the cytotoxic agents gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. These compounds have shown limited efficacy and severe side effects, highlighting the necessity for earlier detection and the development of more effective, and better-tolerated treatments. Although targeted therapies are promising for the treatment of several types of cancer, identification of suitable targets for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of PDAC is challenging. Interestingly, several transmembrane proteins are overexpressed in PDAC cells that show low expression in healthy pancreas and may therefore serve as potential targets for treatment and/or diagnostic purposes. In this review we describe the 11 most promising transmembrane proteins, carefully selected after a thorough literature search. Favorable features and potential applications of each target, as well as the results of the preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the past ten years, are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Orsola Mocellin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.A.M. Fens
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. Krijger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A.A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ramezani S, Parkhideh A, Bhattacharya PK, Farach-Carson MC, Harrington DA. Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:657701. [PMID: 34290978 PMCID: PMC8287259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.657701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the United States. Early detection and surgical removal of high-risk lesions in the colon can prevent disease from developing and spreading. Despite implementation of programs aimed at early detection, screening colonoscopies fail to detect a fraction of potentially aggressive colorectal lesions because of their location or nonobvious morphology. Optical colonoscopies, while highly effective, rely on direct visualization to detect changes on the surface mucosa that are consistent with dysplasia. Recent advances in endoscopy techniques and molecular imaging permit microscale visualization of the colonic mucosa. These technologies can be combined with various molecular probes that recognize and target heterogenous lesion surfaces to achieve early, real-time, and potentially non-invasive, detection of pre-cancerous lesions. The primary goal of this review is to contextualize existing and emergent CRC surface biomarkers and assess each’s potential as a candidate marker for early marker-based detection of CRC lesions. CRC markers that we include were stratified by the level of support gleaned from peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, and databases of both CRC and other cancers. The selected biomarkers, accessible on the cell surface and preferably on the luminal surface of the colon tissue, are organized into three categories: (1) established biomarkers (those with considerable data and high confidence), (2) emerging biomarkers (those with increasing research interest but with less supporting data), and (3) novel candidates (those with very recent data, and/or supportive evidence from other tissue systems). We also present an overview of recent advances in imaging techniques useful for visual detection of surface biomarkers, and discuss the ease with which these methods can be combined with microscopic visualization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Ramezani
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arianna Parkhideh
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of BioSciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Jiang C, Xu C, Wang D, Shen Y, Liu Y, Gu L. Identification and development of a novel invasion-related gene signature for prognosis prediction in colon adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:101. [PMID: 33579281 PMCID: PMC7881672 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains poor, so it is important to explore the mechanisms of metastasis and invasion. This study aimed to identify invasion-related genetic markers for prognosis prediction in patients with COAD. Three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) were obtained based on 97 metastasis-related genes in 365 COAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A total of 983 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among the different subtypes by using the limma package. A 6-gene signature (ITLN1, HOXD9, TSPAN11, GPRC5B, TIMP1, and CXCL13) was constructed via Lasso-Cox analysis. The signature showed strong robustness and could be used in the training, testing, and external validation (GSE17537) cohorts with stable predictive efficiency. Compared with other published signatures, our model showed better performance in predicting outcomes. Pan-cancer expression analysis results showed that ITLN1, TSPAN11, CXCL13, and GPRC5B were downregulated and TIMP1 was upregulated in most tumor samples, including COAD, which was consistent with the results of the TCGA and GEO cohorts. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate protein expression. Tumor immune infiltration analysis results showed that TSPAN11, GPRC5B, TIMP1, and CXCL13 protein levels were significantly positively correlated with CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Further, the TIMP1 and CXCL13 proteins were significantly related to the tumor immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells. We recommend using our signature as a molecular prognostic classifier to assess the prognostic risk of patients with COAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuguang Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verma M, Khan MIK, Kadumuri RV, Chakrapani B, Awasthi S, Mahesh A, Govindaraju G, Chavali PL, Rajavelu A, Chavali S, Dhayalan A. PRMT3 interacts with ALDH1A1 and regulates gene-expression by inhibiting retinoic acid signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:109. [PMID: 33495566 PMCID: PMC7835222 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) regulates protein functions by introducing asymmetric dimethylation marks at the arginine residues in proteins. However, very little is known about the interaction partners of PRMT3 and their functional outcomes. Using yeast-two hybrid screening, we identified Retinal dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1) as a potential interaction partner of PRMT3 and confirmed this interaction using different methods. ALDH1A1 regulates variety of cellular processes by catalyzing the conversion of retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. By molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the specific residues in the catalytic domain of PRMT3 that facilitate interaction with the C-terminal region of ALDH1A1. PRMT3 inhibits the enzymatic activity of ALDH1A1 and negatively regulates the expression of retinoic acid responsive genes in a methyltransferase activity independent manner. Our findings show that in addition to regulating protein functions by introducing methylation modifications, PRMT3 could also regulate global gene expression through protein-protein interactions. Here, the authors demonstrate that protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) interacts with and inhibits the retinal dehydrogenase ALDH1A1, negatively regulating the expression of retinoic acid responsive genes. This study shows that PRMT3 affects diverse biological processes not only by globally regulating protein function through methylation but also by regulating gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Baskar Chakrapani
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Sharad Awasthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Arun Mahesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Gayathri Govindaraju
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jorsal T, Christensen MM, Mortensen B, Nygaard EB, Zhang C, Rigbolt K, Wandall E, Langholz E, Friis S, Worm D, Floyd A, Helgstrand F, Støving RK, Aldries AR, Juhl CB, Østergaard T, Rydborg T, Forman JL, Sørensen F, Schmidt T, Falkenhahn M, Musholt PB, Theis S, Larsen PJ, Rehfeld JF, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. Gut Mucosal Gene Expression and Metabolic Changes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2163-2174. [PMID: 33150746 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in the secretion of gut-derived peptide hormones have been associated with the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. In this study, the effects of RYGB on anthropometrics, postprandial plasma hormone responses, and mRNA expression in small intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens before and after RYGB were evaluated. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 20 individuals with obesity undergoing RYGB underwent mixed meal tests and upper enteroscopy with retrieval of small intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens 3 months before and after surgery. Concentrations of circulating gut and pancreatic hormones during mixed meal tests as well as full mRNA sequencing of biopsy specimens were evaluated. RESULTS RYGB-induced improvements of body weight and composition, insulin resistance, and circulating cholesterols were accompanied by significant changes in postprandial plasma responses of pancreatic and gut hormones. Global gene expression analysis of biopsy specimens identified 2,437 differentially expressed genes after RYGB, including changes in genes that encode prohormones and G protein-coupled receptors. CONCLUSIONS RYGB affects the transcription of a wide range of genes, indicating that the observed beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB may rely on a changed expression of several genes in the gut. RYGB-induced changes in the expression of genes encoding signaling peptides and G protein-coupled receptors may disclose new gut-derived treatment targets against obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jorsal
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Marie M Christensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Brynjulf Mortensen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Erik Wandall
- Endoscopic Unit, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Langholz
- Endoscopic Unit, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Steffen Friis
- Endoscopic Unit, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Dorte Worm
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Andrea Floyd
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Frederik Helgstrand
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - René K Støving
- Elite Research Center for Medical Endocrinology & Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alin R Aldries
- Department of Medicine, South West Jutland Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Claus B Juhl
- Department of Medicine, South West Jutland Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Julie L Forman
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Azangou-Khyavy M, Ghasemi M, Khanali J, Boroomand-Saboor M, Jamalkhah M, Soleimani M, Kiani J. CRISPR/Cas: From Tumor Gene Editing to T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2062. [PMID: 33117331 PMCID: PMC7553049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats system has demonstrated considerable advantages over other nuclease-based genome editing tools due to its high accuracy, efficiency, and strong specificity. Given that cancer is caused by an excessive accumulation of mutations that lead to the activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is a therapy of choice for tumor genome editing and treatment. In defining its superior use, we have reviewed the novel applications of the CRISPR genome editing tool in discovering, sorting, and prioritizing targets for subsequent interventions, and passing different hurdles of cancer treatment such as epigenetic alterations and drug resistance. Moreover, we have reviewed the breakthroughs precipitated by the CRISPR system in the field of cancer immunotherapy, such as identification of immune system-tumor interplay, production of universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells, inhibition of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and Oncolytic Virotherapy. The existing challenges and limitations, as well as the prospects of CRISPR based systems, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Khanali
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Monire Jamalkhah
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mori C, Valdivieso ÁG, Clauzure M, Massip-Copiz MM, Aguilar MÁ, Cafferata EGA, Santa Coloma TA. Identification and characterization of human PEIG-1/GPRC5A as a 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and PKC-induced gene. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 687:108375. [PMID: 32339486 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Homo sapiens orphan G protein-coupling receptor PEIG-1 was first cloned and characterized by applying differential display to T84 colonic carcinoma cells incubated in the presence of phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (GenBank AF506289.1). Later, Lotan's laboratory found the same gene product in response to retinoic acid analogues, naming it with the symbol RAIG1. Now the official HGNC symbol is GPRC5A. Here, we report the extension of its original cDNA fragment towards the 5' and 3' end. In addition, we show that TPA (100 ng/ml, 162 nM) strongly stimulated GPRC5A mRNA in T84 colonic carcinoma cells, with maximal expression at 4 h and 100 ng/ml (162 nM). Western blots showed several bands between 35 and 50 kDa, responding to TPA stimulation. Confocal microscopy confirmed its TPA upregulation and the location in the plasma membrane. The PKC inhibitor Gö 6983 (10 μM), and the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM (150 μM), strongly inhibited its TPA induced upregulation. The PKA inhibitor H-89 (10 μM), and the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 μM), also produced a significant reduction in the TPA response (~50%). The SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 stimulated GPRC5A basal levels at low doses and inhibit its TPA-induced expression at concentrations ≥10 μM. The IL-1β autocrine loop and downstream signalling did not affect its expression. In conclusion, RAIG1/RAI3/GPRC5A corresponds to the originally reported PEIG-1/TIG1; the inhibition observed in the presence of Gö 6983, BAPTA and U0126, suggests that its TPA-induced upregulation is mediated through a PKC/Ca2+ →MEK1/2 signalling axis. PKA and SGK1 kinases are also involved in its TPA-induced upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Mori
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Clauzure
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Massip-Copiz
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Á Aguilar
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo G A Cafferata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Fundación Instituto Leloir, Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa Coloma
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Watkins LR, Orlandi C. Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors in Affective Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E694. [PMID: 32599826 PMCID: PMC7349732 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the main mediators of signal transduction in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that many GPCRs have long been investigated for their role in the development of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as in the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. Importantly, the endogenous ligands for a large group of GPCRs have not yet been identified and are therefore known as orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs). Nonetheless, growing evidence from animal studies, together with genome wide association studies (GWAS) and post-mortem transcriptomic analysis in patients, pointed at many oGPCRs as potential pharmacological targets. Among these discoveries, we summarize in this review how emotional behaviors are modulated by the following oGPCRs: ADGRB2 (BAI2), ADGRG1 (GPR56), GPR3, GPR26, GPR37, GPR50, GPR52, GPR61, GPR62, GPR88, GPR135, GPR158, and GPRC5B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tabet F, Lee S, Zhu W, Levin MG, Toth CL, Cuesta Torres LF, Vinh A, Kim HA, Chu HX, Evans MA, Kuzmich ME, Drummond GR, Remaley AT, Rye KA, Sobey CG, Vickers KC. microRNA-367-3p regulation of GPRC5A is suppressed in ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1300-1315. [PMID: 31296130 PMCID: PMC7238381 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19858637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and long-term disability with limited treatment options, and a greater understanding of the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke-associated neuroinflammation is required for new therapies. To study ischemic stroke in vivo, mice were subjected to sustained ischemia by intraluminal filament-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) for 24 h without reperfusion or transient ischemia for 30 min followed by 23.5 h reperfusion, and brain miRNA and mRNA expression changes were quantified by TaqMan OpenArrays and gene (mRNA) expression arrays, respectively. Sustained ischemia resulted in 18 significantly altered miRNAs and 392 altered mRNAs in mouse brains compared to Sham controls; however, the transient ischemic condition was found to impact only 6 miRNAs and 126 mRNAs. miR-367-3p was found to be significantly decreased in brain homogenates with sustained ischemia. G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A (Gprc5a), a miR-367-3p target gene, was found to be significantly increased with sustained ischemia. In primary neurons, inhibition of endogenous miR-367-3p resulted in a significant increase in Gprc5a expression. Moreover, miR-367-3p was found to be co-expressed with GPRC5A in human neurons. Results suggest that loss of miR-367-3p suppression of GPRC5A may contribute to neuroinflammation associated with ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Tabet
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luisa F Cuesta Torres
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah X Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan A Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meaghan E Kuzmich
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Grant R Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan T Remaley
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Patel BS, Ravix J, Pabelick C, Prakash YS. Class C GPCRs in the airway. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 51:19-28. [PMID: 32375079 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and targeting of GPCRs remain a critical aspect of airway pharmacology and therapeutics for diseases such as asthma or COPD. Most attention has been on the large Class A GPCRs towards improved bronchodilation and blunting of remodeling. Better known in the central or peripheral nervous system, there is increasing evidence that Class C GPCRs which include metabotropic glutamate and GABA receptors, the calcium sensing receptor, sweet/umami taste receptors and a number of orphan receptors, can contribute to airway structure and function. In this review, we will summarize current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacology of Class C GPCRs, their expression and potential functions in the airways, and the application of pharmacological agents targeting this group in the context of airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brijeshkumar S Patel
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jovanka Ravix
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christina Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiologyand Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moyano-Galceran L, Pietilä EA, Turunen SP, Corvigno S, Hjerpe E, Bulanova D, Joneborg U, Alkasalias T, Miki Y, Yashiro M, Chernenko A, Jukonen J, Singh M, Dahlstrand H, Carlson JW, Lehti K. Adaptive RSK-EphA2-GPRC5A signaling switch triggers chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11177. [PMID: 32115889 PMCID: PMC7136956 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancers commonly activate adaptive chemotherapy resistance, attributed to both microenvironment‐dependent phenotypic plasticity and genetic characteristics of cancer cells. However, the contribution of chemotherapy itself to the non‐genetic resistance mechanisms was long neglected. Using high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) patient material and cell lines, we describe here an unexpectedly robust cisplatin and carboplatin chemotherapy‐induced ERK1/2‐RSK1/2‐EphA2‐GPRC5A signaling switch associated with cancer cell intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance. Mechanistically, pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of RSK1/2 prevented oncogenic EphA2‐S897 phosphorylation and EphA2‐GPRC5A co‐regulation, thereby facilitating a signaling shift to the canonical tumor‐suppressive tyrosine phosphorylation and consequent downregulation of EphA2. In combination with platinum, RSK inhibitors effectively sensitized even the most platinum‐resistant EphA2high, GPRC5Ahigh cells to the therapy‐induced apoptosis. In HGSC patient tumors, this orphan receptor GPRC5A was expressed exclusively in cancer cells and associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor survival. Our results reveal a kinase signaling pathway uniquely activated by platinum to elicit adaptive resistance. They further identify GPRC5A as a marker for abysmal HGSC outcome and putative vulnerability of the chemo‐resistant cells to RSK1/2‐EphA2‐pS897 pathway inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina A Pietilä
- Research Programs Unit, Individualized Drug Therapy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Pauliina Turunen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Corvigno
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Hjerpe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Visby Hospital, Visby, Sweden
| | - Daria Bulanova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika Joneborg
- Division of Pelvic Cancer, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Twana Alkasalias
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Centre, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anastasiya Chernenko
- Research Programs Unit, Individualized Drug Therapy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonas Jukonen
- Research Programs Unit, Individualized Drug Therapy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Madhurendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joseph W Carlson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Programs Unit, Individualized Drug Therapy, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chu X, Chen C, Chen C, Zhang JS, Bellusci S, Li X. Evidence for lung repair and regeneration in humans: key stem cells and therapeutic functions of fibroblast growth factors. Front Med 2019; 14:262-272. [PMID: 31741137 PMCID: PMC7095240 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration carries the idea of regrowing partially or completely a missing organ. Repair, on the other hand, allows restoring the function of an existing but failing organ. The recognition that human lungs can both repair and regenerate is quite novel, the concept has not been widely used to treat patients. We present evidence that the human adult lung does repair and regenerate and introduce different ways to harness this power. Various types of lung stem cells are capable of proliferating and differentiating upon injury driving the repair/regeneration process. Injury models, primarily in mice, combined with lineage tracing studies, have allowed the identification of these important cells. Some of these cells, such as basal cells, broncho-alveolar stem cells, and alveolar type 2 cells, rely on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling for their survival, proliferation and/or differentiation. While preclinical studies have shown the therapeutic benefits of FGFs, a recent clinical trial for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using intravenous injection of FGF7 did not report the expected beneficial effects. We discuss the potential reasons for these negative results and propose the rationale for new approaches for future clinical trials, such as delivery of FGFs to the damaged lungs through efficient inhalation systems, which may be more promising than systemic exposure to FGFs. While this change in the administration route presents a challenge, the therapeutic promises displayed by FGFs are worth the effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chaolei Chen
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sriram K, Moyung K, Corriden R, Carter H, Insel PA. GPCRs show widespread differential mRNA expression and frequent mutation and copy number variation in solid tumors. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000434. [PMID: 31765370 PMCID: PMC6901242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most widely targeted gene family for Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. To assess possible roles for GPCRs in cancer, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for mRNA expression, mutations, and copy number variation (CNV) in 20 categories and 45 subtypes of solid tumors and quantified differential expression (DE) of GPCRs by comparing tumors against normal tissue from the Gene Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) database. GPCRs are overrepresented among coding genes with elevated expression in solid tumors. This analysis reveals that most tumor types differentially express >50 GPCRs, including many targets for approved drugs, hitherto largely unrecognized as targets of interest in cancer. GPCR mRNA signatures characterize specific tumor types and correlate with expression of cancer-related pathways. Tumor GPCR mRNA signatures have prognostic relevance for survival and correlate with expression of numerous cancer-related genes and pathways. GPCR expression in tumors is largely independent of staging, grading, metastasis, and/or driver mutations. GPCRs expressed in cancer cell lines largely parallel GPCR expression in tumors. Certain GPCRs are frequently mutated and appear to be hotspots, serving as bellwethers of accumulated genomic damage. CNV of GPCRs is common but does not generally correlate with mRNA expression. Our results suggest a previously underappreciated role for GPCRs in cancer, perhaps as functional oncogenes, biomarkers, surface antigens, and pharmacological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Moyung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ross Corriden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sawada Y, Kikugawa T, Iio H, Sakakibara I, Yoshida S, Ikedo A, Yanagihara Y, Saeki N, Győrffy B, Kishida T, Okubo Y, Nakamura Y, Miyagi Y, Saika T, Imai Y. GPRC5A facilitates cell proliferation through cell cycle regulation and correlates with bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1369-1382. [PMID: 31276604 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with progressive prostate cancers that are hormone refractory and/or have bone metastasis is poor. Multiple therapeutic targets to improve prostate cancer patient survival have been investigated, including orphan GPCRs. In our study, we identified G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member A (GPRC5A) as a candidate therapeutic molecule using integrative gene expression analyses of registered data sets for prostate cancer cell lines. Kaplan-Meier analysis of TCGA data sets revealed that patients who have high GPRC5A expression had significantly shorter overall survival. PC3 prostate cancer cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GPRC5A knockout exhibited significantly reduced cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq revealed that GPRC5A KO PC3 cells had dysregulated expression of cell cycle-related genes, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the registered gene expression profile data set showed that the expression level of GPRC5A in original lesions of prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis was higher than that without bone metastasis. In fact, GPRC5A KO PC3 cells failed to establish bone metastasis in xenograft mice models. In addition, our clinical study revealed that GPRC5A expression levels in prostate cancer patient samples were significantly correlated with bone metastasis as well as the patient's Gleason score (GS). Combined assessment with the immunoreactivity of GPRC5A and GS displayed higher specificity for predicting the occurrence of bone metastasis. Together, our findings indicate that GPRC5A can be a possible therapeutic target and prognostic marker molecule for progressive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Sawada
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Kikugawa
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iio
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Aoi Ikedo
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuta Yanagihara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Noritaka Saeki
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University 2nd Dept. of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Okubo
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Saika
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Research, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liang M, Huang G, Liu Z, Wang Q, Yu Z, Liu Z, Lin H, Li M, Zhou X, Zheng Y. Elevated levels of hsa_circ_006100 in gastric cancer promote cell growth and metastasis via miR-195/GPRC5A signalling. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12661. [PMID: 31318114 PMCID: PMC6797516 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs, some of which are thought to be involved in gastric cancer development. Here, we examined the functions of circRNA hsa_circ_006100 in gastric cancer cells and an animal model of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods The expression of hsa_circ_006100, miR‐195 and various functional genes was determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. Cell viability, clone formation, apoptosis and cell migration/invasion abilities were analysed by the CCK‐8 assay, crystal violet staining, Hoechst staining and Transwell assay, respectively. A tumour model was established by subcutaneously injecting tumour cells into nude mice. Levels of protein expression were analysed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results A bioinformatics analysis showed that miR‐195 was negatively co‐expressed with hsa_circ_006100. Patients with a high hsa_circ_006100 level or low miR‐195 level had tumours with a high TNM stage, poor cellular differentiation and lymph node metastasis. miR‐195 was targeted and inhibited by hsa_circ_006100. Overexpression of hsa_circ_006100 enhanced cellular viability and proliferation, while miR‐195 suppressed hsa_circ_006100‐enhanced cell growth and induced apoptosis in MGC‐803 and AGS cells. Forced hsa_circ_006100 expression promoted the migration and invasion of MGC‐803 and AGS cells, while those activities were inhibited by miR‐195. Mechanistically, GPRC5A was predicted as a target of miR‐195 and was upregulated in gastric cancer. A miR‐195 inhibitor restored cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, and repressed apoptosis via GPRC5A. In vivo studies showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_006100 delayed tumour growth, reduced PCNA expression and upregulated miR‐195 and BCL‐2 expression which was restored by miR‐195 inhibition due to GPRC5A/EGFR signalling, and changed the EMT phenotype in vivo. Conclusions Hsa_circ_006100 functions as an oncogene in gastric cancer and exerts its effects via miR‐195/GPRC5A signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhile Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang J, Yang Y, Cao Y, Tang X. miR‑342 inhibits glioma cell proliferation by targeting GPRC5A. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:252-260. [PMID: 31115523 PMCID: PMC6579993 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the biological behaviors and progression of glioma. However, the function and bio-molecular mechanisms of miR-342 in glioma remain largely unclear. In the present study, reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of the factors investigated. MTT assay was performed to examine the proliferation rates. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to test the binding between miRNA-342 and its putative target. Data indicated that miR-342 expression was markedly decreased in human glioma tissues and cell line U87, and reduced miR-342 expression significantly promoted cell proliferation. In order to explore the mechanisms, G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) was identified as a target of miR-342 and depletion of GPRC5A suppressed cell proliferation. Our findings demonstrated that miR-342 regulates the cell proliferation of glioma by targeting GPRC5A, which indicates that miR-342 is a target of interest regarding the treatment of refractory glioma, and it may provide a promising prognostic and therapeutic strategy for glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuandong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Klaschik K, Hauke J, Neidhardt G, Tränkle C, Surowy HM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Rappl G, Mangold E, Arnold N, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Burwinkel B, Engel C, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A, Ernst C, Weber-Lassalle K, Weber-Lassalle N, Schmidt S, Borde J, Schmutzler RK, Hahnen E, Pohl-Rescigno E. The GPRC5A frameshift variant c.183del is not associated with increased breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1761-1763. [PMID: 30474284 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klaschik
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Neidhardt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald M Surowy
- Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Central Cell Sort Facility, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Arnold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Niederacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg University Women's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar at the Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konstantin Weber-Lassalle
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nana Weber-Lassalle
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Schmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julika Borde
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Pohl-Rescigno
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
El Gammal AT, Melling N, Reeh M, Gebauer F, Mann O, Perez D, Bockhorn M, Bachmann K, Izbicki JR, Grupp K. High levels of RAI3 expression is linked to shortened survival in esophageal cancer patients. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:51-56. [PMID: 30707896 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the retinoic acid-induced protein 3 (RAI3) has been suggested to predict clinical outcome in a variety of malignancies. However, its role in esophageal cancers remains unclear. Immunohistochemical RAI3 staining was analyzed on tissue microarrays containing 359 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) and 254 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). RAI3 immunostaining was typically absent or weakly detectable in the membranes in benign esophageal tissues. RAI3 staining was higher in malignant than in benign esophagus epithelium. High-levels of RAI3 staining were found in 79.2% of interpretable EACs and 55.9% of ESCCs. In EACs, strong RAI3 staining was associated with advanced pathological tumor stage (p < .0001), high UICC stage (p < .0001), high tumor grade (p = .0133), and positive lymph nodal status (p = .0002). Additionally, high RAI3 staining predicted shortened overall survival of EAC and ESCC patients (p = .0298 and p = .0227). RAI3 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal cancers. We propose that RAI3 overexpression might play a biologically relevant role of RAI3 in esophageal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tarek El Gammal
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Reeh
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Florian Gebauer
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Oliver Mann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Maximillian Bockhorn
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Kai Bachmann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Jakob Robert Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Melling N, Bachmann K, Bockhorn M, Mann O, Izbicki JR, Grupp K. RAI3 is overexpressed in gastric adenocarcinoma but unrelated to prognosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:606-612. [PMID: 31933866 PMCID: PMC6945097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoic acid-induced gene 3 (RAI3) has been associated with tumorigeneses in several cancer types. To clarify the clinical significance of RAI3 expression in premalignant and malignant gastric epithelium, RAI3 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 140 gastric dysplasia and 230 GC samples. FINDINGS RAI3 protein expression was predominantly localized in the cell membrane and was detectable in low intensities in most of the benign gastric tissue samples. RAI3 expression was found in increased intensities in premalignant and malignant epithelium relative to non-malignant gastric epithelium (P < 0.0001). High RAI3 expression was found in 66.2% of interpretable gastric adenocarcinomas and was associated with advanced pathological tumor stage (P = 0.0014) and positive lymph node status (P = 0.0137) but was unrelated to overall survival of patients (P = 0.3743). CONCLUSION The deregulation of RAI3 in premalignant and gastric epithelium suggests a relevant role of RAI3 during gastric carcinogenesis. Additionally, RAI3 overexpression defines a subset of GCs with aggressive tumor features. However, since RAI3 expression was not associated with clinical outcome of patients, RAI3 cannot be considered as a prognostic biomarker in patients with GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Bachmann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximillian Bockhorn
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Robert Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duffy DL, Zhu G, Li X, Sanna M, Iles MM, Jacobs LC, Evans DM, Yazar S, Beesley J, Law MH, Kraft P, Visconti A, Taylor JC, Liu F, Wright MJ, Henders AK, Bowdler L, Glass D, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, Madden PA, Heath AC, Nelson EC, Green AC, Chanock S, Barrett JH, Brown MA, Hayward NK, MacGregor S, Sturm RA, Hewitt AW, Kayser M, Hunter DJ, Newton Bishop JA, Spector TD, Montgomery GW, Mackey DA, Smith GD, Nijsten TE, Bishop DT, Bataille V, Falchi M, Han J, Martin NG. Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4774. [PMID: 30429480 PMCID: PMC6235897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The total number of acquired melanocytic nevi on the skin is strongly correlated with melanoma risk. Here we report a meta-analysis of 11 nevus GWAS from Australia, Netherlands, UK, and USA comprising 52,506 individuals. We confirm known loci including MTAP, PLA2G6, and IRF4, and detect novel SNPs in KITLG and a region of 9q32. In a bivariate analysis combining the nevus results with a recent melanoma GWAS meta-analysis (12,874 cases, 23,203 controls), SNPs near GPRC5A, CYP1B1, PPARGC1B, HDAC4, FAM208B, DOCK8, and SYNE2 reached global significance, and other loci, including MIR146A and OBFC1, reached a suggestive level. Overall, we conclude that most nevus genes affect melanoma risk (KITLG an exception), while many melanoma risk loci do not alter nevus count. For example, variants in TERC and OBFC1 affect both traits, but other telomere length maintenance genes seem to affect melanoma risk only. Our findings implicate multiple pathways in nevogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 63110, USA
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Mark M Iles
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Leonie C Jacobs
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia and the Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Matthew H Law
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - John C Taylor
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anjali K Henders
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lisa Bowdler
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dan Glass
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pamela A Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adele C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Molecular Oncology Group, CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Barrett
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Richard A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia and the Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Julia A Newton Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Western Australia and the Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Tamar E Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 63110, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Greenhough A, Bagley C, Heesom KJ, Gurevich DB, Gay D, Bond M, Collard TJ, Paraskeva C, Martin P, Sansom OJ, Malik K, Williams AC. Cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia involves a HIF-GPRC5A-YAP axis. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8699. [PMID: 30143543 PMCID: PMC6220329 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumours and a key physiological feature distinguishing cancer from normal tissue. However, a major challenge remains in identifying tractable molecular targets that hypoxic cancer cells depend on for survival. Here, we used SILAC-based proteomics to identify the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A as a novel hypoxia-induced protein that functions to protect cancer cells from apoptosis during oxygen deprivation. Using genetic approaches in vitro and in vivo, we reveal HIFs as direct activators of GPRC5A transcription. Furthermore, we find that GPRC5A is upregulated in the colonic epithelium of patients with mesenteric ischaemia, and in colorectal cancers high GPRC5A correlates with hypoxia gene signatures and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, we show that GPRC5A enables hypoxic cell survival by activating the Hippo pathway effector YAP and its anti-apoptotic target gene BCL2L1 Importantly, we show that the apoptosis induced by GPRC5A depletion in hypoxia can be rescued by constitutively active YAP. Our study identifies a novel HIF-GPRC5A-YAP axis as a critical mediator of the hypoxia-induced adaptive response and a potential target for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Greenhough
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clare Bagley
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David B Gurevich
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tracey J Collard
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Paraskeva
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- Cancer Research UK Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
GPRC5A: An Emerging Biomarker in Human Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1823726. [PMID: 30417009 PMCID: PMC6207857 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1823726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. G Protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) is a member of the GPCR superfamily, is expressed preferentially in lung tissues, and is regulated by various entities at multiple levels. GPRC5A exerts a tumor suppressive role in lung cancer and GPRC5A deletion promotes lung tumor initiation and progression. Recent advances have highlighted that GPRC5A dysregulation is found in various human cancers and is related to many tumor-associated signaling pathways, including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src signaling. This review aimed to summarize our updated view on the biology and regulation of GPRC5A, its expression in human cancers, and the linked signaling pathways. A better comprehension of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of GPRC5A will provide novel insights into its potential diagnostic and therapeutic value.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jin E, Wang W, Fang M, Wang W, Xie R, Zhou H, Ye J, Xu R, Ma S. Clinical significance of reduced GPRC5A expression in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:502-507. [PMID: 30655793 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5 member A (GPRC5A) is a retinoid-inducible protein, which has been characterized as a tumor-suppressor gene in lung cancer. The present study further examined GPRC5A expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for any association with the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with NSCLC. A total of 30 paired NSCLC tumor and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed for the detection of GPRC5A mRNA and protein using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the GPRC5A expression levels in 110 NSCLC and 60 para-tumor tissues. The results confirmed significantly lower expression levels of GPRC5A in NSCLC tumors compared with the corresponding noncancerous tissues (P<0.001). Lost GPRC5A expression was significantly associated with the tumor histological type (P=0.008), poor tumor differentiation (P<0.001) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that patients with NSCLC with low GPRC5A expression tumors had a worse prognosis compared with those with high GPRC5A expression tumors (P=0.010). The results of multivariate Cox analysis further suggested that low GPRC5A expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC (P<0.001). The results of this study suggest GPRC5A expression has clinical potential as a prognostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Er Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Mengdie Fang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ruifei Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Rujun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated to Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Murakami T, Yamamoto CM, Akino T, Tanaka H, Fukuzawa N, Suzuki H, Osawa T, Tsuji T, Seki T, Harada H. Bladder cancer detection by urinary extracellular vesicle mRNA analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32810-32821. [PMID: 30214686 PMCID: PMC6132352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Urinary extracellular vesicles (EV) could be promising biomarkers for urological diseases. In this retrospective feasibility study, we conducted biomarker screening for early stage bladder cancer using EV mRNA analysis. Methods Biomarker candidates were identified through RNA-seq analysis of urinary EV from patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (N=3), advanced urothelial cancer (N=3), no residual tumor after TURBT (N=2), and healthy and disease controls (N=4). Diagnostic performance was evaluated by RT-qPCR in a larger patient group including bladder cancer (N=173), renal pelvis and ureter cancer (N=33), no residual tumor and non-cancer disease control (N=36). Results Urinary EV SLC2A1, GPRC5A and KRT17 were overexpressed in pT1 and higher stage bladder cancer by 20.6-fold, 18.2-fold and 29.5-fold, respectively. These genes allowed detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (AUC: 0.56 to 0.64 for pTa, 0.62 to 0.80 for pTis, and 0.82 to 0.86 for pT1) as well as pT2 and higher muscle invasive bladder cancer (AUC: 0.72 to 0.90). Subgroup analysis indicated that these markers could be useful for the detection of cytology-negative/-suspicious and recurrent bladder cancers. Conclusion Three urinary EV mRNA were discovered to be elevated in bladder cancer. Urinary EV mRNA are promising biomarkers of urothelial cancer and worth further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Osawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Effect of GPRC5a on the Proliferation, Migration Ability, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Phosphorylation of GSK-3β in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071870. [PMID: 29949874 PMCID: PMC6073545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, and personalized targeted cancer therapy is becoming a promising treatment strategy for PaCa. The central approach of targeted therapy is to find a targetable key and an effective targeting method. In this study, the importance of GPRC5a (the G-protein-coupled receptor family C, member 5, group A) was identified using data mining methods based on published datasets. After analysis of the basic expression of GPRC5a in normal pancreas tissue and various PaCa cell lines, gene editing of GPRC5a in the human PaCa cell line MIA PaCa-2 and the mouse PaCa cell line TB32047 was performed using CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins 9) to investigate the influence of GPRC5a on the proliferation and migration of PaCa cells as well as its effects on chemotherapy drug resistance. The results showed that GPRC5a was upregulated in PaCa tissues and various PaCa cell lines. Knockout of GPRC5a reduced the proliferation and migration ability of PaCa cell lines and suppressed the chemotherapy drug resistance of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil in PaCa cells. The phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Glycogen synthase kinase-3β) was found to be upregulated in the MIA PaCa-2 and TB32047 cells after GPRC5a knockout. In conclusion, GPRC5a was upregulated in PaCa leading to an enhanced drug resistance in PaCa cells. These results provide for the first time a theoretical basis for the development of an improved PaCa targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Insel PA, Sriram K, Wiley SZ, Wilderman A, Katakia T, McCann T, Yokouchi H, Zhang L, Corriden R, Liu D, Feigin ME, French RP, Lowy AM, Murray F. GPCRomics: GPCR Expression in Cancer Cells and Tumors Identifies New, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:431. [PMID: 29872392 PMCID: PMC5972277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of targets for approved drugs, are rarely targeted for cancer treatment, except for certain endocrine and hormone-responsive tumors. Limited knowledge regarding GPCR expression in cancer cells likely has contributed to this lack of use of GPCR-targeted drugs as cancer therapeutics. We thus undertook GPCRomic studies to define the expression of endoGPCRs (which respond to endogenous molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters and metabolites) in multiple types of cancer cells. Using TaqMan qPCR arrays to quantify the mRNA expression of ∼340 such GPCRs, we found that human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells/stromal cells associated with CLL, breast cancer cell lines, colon cancer cell lines, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and PDAC tumors express 50 to >100 GPCRs, including many orphan GPCRs (which lack known physiologic agonists). Limited prior data exist regarding the expression or function of most of the highly expressed GPCRs in these cancer cells and tumors. Independent results from public cancer gene expression databases confirm the expression of such GPCRs. We propose that highly expressed GPCRs in cancer cells (for example, GPRC5A in PDAC and colon cancer cells and GPR68 in PDAC CAFs) may contribute to the malignant phenotype, serve as biomarkers and/or may be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shu Z. Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Wilderman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Trishna Katakia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Thalia McCann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Yokouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ross Corriden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dongling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael E. Feigin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Randall P. French
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Fiona Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahn MY, Kim BJ, Yoon HJ, Hwang JS, Park KK. Anti-Diabetic Effects of Dung Beetle Glycosaminoglycan on db Mice and Gene Expression Profiling. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:151-162. [PMID: 29686777 PMCID: PMC5903143 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-diabetes activity of Catharsius molossus (Ca, a type of dung beetle) glycosaminoglycan (G) was evaluated to reduce glucose, creatinine kinase, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in db mice. Diabetic mice in six groups were administrated intraperitoneally: Db heterozygous (Normal), Db homozygous (CON), Heuchys sanguinea glycosaminoglycan (HEG, 5 mg/kg), dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (CaG, 5 mg/kg), bumblebee (Bombus ignitus) queen glycosaminoglycan (IQG, 5 mg/kg) and metformin (10 mg/kg), for 1 month. Biochemical analyses in the serum were evaluated to determine their anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory actions in db mice after 1 month treatment with HEG, CaG or IQG treatments. Blood glucose level was decreased by treatment with CaG. CaG produced significant anti-diabetic actions by inhiting creatinine kinase and alkaline phosphatase levels. As diabetic parameters, serum glucose level, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in CaG5-treated group compared to the controls. Dung beetle glycosaminoglycan, compared to the control, could be a potential therapeutic agent with anti-diabetic activity in diabetic mice. CaG5-treated group, compared to the control, showed the up-regulation of 48 genes including mitochondrial yen coded tRNA lysine (mt-TK), cytochrome P450, family 8/2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (Cyp8b1), and down-regulation of 79 genes including S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100a9) and immunoglobulin kappa chain complex (Igk), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoenzymeAsynthase1 (Hmgcs1). Moreover, mitochondrial thymidine kinase (mt-TK), was up-regulated, and calgranulin A (S100a9) were down-regulated by CaG5 treatment, indicating a potential therapeutic use for anti-diabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Ban Ji Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma X, Schwarz A, Sevilla SZ, Levin A, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, Lal M, Patrakka J. Depletion of Gprc5a Promotes Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1679-1689. [PMID: 29636387 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal glomeruli are the primary target of injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and the glomerular podocyte has a key role in disease progression.Methods To identify potential novel therapeutic targets for DN, we performed high-throughput molecular profiling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using human glomeruli.Results We identified an orphan GPCR, Gprc5a, as a highly podocyte-specific gene, the expression of which was significantly downregulated in glomeruli of patients with DN compared with those without DN. Inactivation of Gprc5a in mice resulted in thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and activation of mesangial cells, which are two hallmark features of DN in humans. Compared with wild-type mice, Gprc5a-deficient animals demonstrated increased albuminuria and more severe histologic changes after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. Mechanistically, Gprc5a modulated TGF-β signaling and activation of the EGF receptor in cultured podocytes.Conclusions Gprc5a has an important role in the pathogenesis of DN, and further study of the podocyte-specific signaling activity of this protein is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ma
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Zambrano Sevilla
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Levin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, and
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, and
| | - Mark Lal
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wiley SZ, Sriram K, Liang W, Chang SE, French R, McCann T, Sicklick J, Nishihara H, Lowy AM, Insel PA. GPR68, a proton-sensing GPCR, mediates interaction of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:1170-1183. [PMID: 29092903 PMCID: PMC5892729 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700834r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma (desmoplasia) generated by pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) derived from pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and pancreatic fibroblasts (PFs). Using an unbiased GPCRomic array approach, we identified 82 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) commonly expressed by CAFs derived from 5 primary PDAC tumors. Compared with PSCs and PFs, CAFs have increased expression of GPR68 (a proton-sensing GPCR), with the results confirmed by immunoblotting, The Cancer Genome Atlas data, and immunohistochemistry of PDAC tumors. Co-culture of PSCs with PDAC cells, or incubation with TNF-α, induced GPR68 expression. GPR68 activation (by decreasing the extracellular pH) enhanced IL-6 expression via a cAMP/PKA/cAMP response element binding protein signaling pathway. Knockdown of GPR68 by short interfering RNA diminished low pH-induced production of IL-6 and enhancement of PDAC cell proliferation by CAF conditioned media. CAFs from other gastrointestinal cancers also express GPR68. PDAC cells thus induce expression by CAFs of GPR68, which senses the acidic microenvironment, thereby increasing production of fibrotic markers and IL-6 and promoting PDAC cell proliferation. CAF-expressed GPR68 is a mediator of low-pH-promoted regulation of the tumor microenvironments, in particular to PDAC cell-CAF interaction and may be a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic and perhaps other types of cancers.-Wiley, S. Z., Sriram, K., Liang, W., Chang, S. E., French, R., McCann, T., Sicklick, J., Nishihara, H., Lowy, A. M., Insel, P. A. GPR68, a proton-sensing GPCR, mediates interaction of cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Z. Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sarah E. Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Randall French
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Thalia McCann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason Sicklick
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul A. Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The role and gene expression profile of SOCS3 in colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:15984-15996. [PMID: 29662621 PMCID: PMC5882312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SOCS3 has been postulated to play a role in the occurrence and progression of malignancies. However, the relationship of SOCS3 with colorectal carcinoma remains poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to explore the role of SOCS3 in colorectal carcinoma and its underlying mechanisms. Protein and mRNA expression of SOCS3 in colorectal carcinoma and normal colorectal mucosa was detected using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. SOCS3 expression was significantly lower in colorectal carcinoma tissue than in normal colorectal mucosa, and was negatively correlated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, and TNM stage. A stably transfected colorectal carcinoma cell line (8348SOCS3) with high expression of SOCS3 was established. The effects of SOCS3 overexpression on the growth, proliferation, invasion and tumor formation of colorectal carcinoma cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, transwell method and tumorigenicity assays in nude mice. Then we found SOCS3 overexpression significantly decreased proliferation and invasion capability of 8348 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of SOCS3 overexpression on the gene expression profile of colorectal carcinoma cells was analyzed using human genome arrays. The results revealed 369 genes that were differentially expressed in 8348SOCS3 cells. 193 genes was significantly increased and 176 genes was significantly decreased. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that high SOCS3 expression affected multiple signaling pathways in colorectal carcinoma including TGF-β/Smads, NF-κB, and HIF-MAPK pathways. Especially for the TGF-β/Smads pathways, high SOCS3 expression could inhibit TGF-β1 expression and activate Smad4 expression. These data suggested that low expression of SOCS3 was associated with the occurrence and progression of colorectal carcinoma. SOCS3 protein may be a useful indicator for malignancy and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma and also a new target for gene therapy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Jin C, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhou Y. RAI3 knockdown promotes adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by decreasing β-catenin levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:618-624. [PMID: 28870805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 (RAI3) has been found to play significant roles in embryonic development, cellular proliferation and differentiation, but its role in adipogenesis has not been explored. In this study, we discovered RAI3 was downregulated during the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs). Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of RAI3 promoted adipogenic differentiation of hASCs both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, our findings showed that inhibition of RAI3 in hASCs reduced the expression of β-catenin, and lithium chloride which can activate the β-catenin pathway abolished the effect of RAI3 knockdown on the adipogenesis. These results suggest RAI3 plays an important role in adipogenesis of hASCs and may have a potential use in the future application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyuan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wensi Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Lab for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bulanova DR, Akimov YA, Rokka A, Laajala TD, Aittokallio T, Kouvonen P, Pellinen T, Kuznetsov SG. Orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPRC5A modulates integrin β1-mediated epithelial cell adhesion. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 11:434-446. [PMID: 27715394 PMCID: PMC5810789 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1245264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR), Class C, Group 5, Member A (GPRC5A) has been implicated in several malignancies. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. Using a panel of human cell lines, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and RNAi-mediated depletion of GPRC5A impairs cell adhesion to integrin substrates: collagens I and IV, fibronectin, as well as to extracellular matrix proteins derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma (Matrigel). Consistent with the phenotype, knock-out of GPRC5A correlated with a reduced integrin β1 (ITGB1) protein expression, impaired phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and lower activity of small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for a direct interaction between GPRC5A and a receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2, an upstream regulator of FAK, although its contribution to the observed adhesion phenotype is unclear. Our findings reveal an unprecedented role for GPRC5A in regulation of the ITGB1-mediated cell adhesion and it's downstream signaling, thus indicating a potential novel role for GPRC5A in human epithelial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria R Bulanova
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Yevhen A Akimov
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- c Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku and Abo Academy , Turku , Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,b Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Petri Kouvonen
- c Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku and Abo Academy , Turku , Finland
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sergey G Kuznetsov
- a Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jahny E, Yang H, Liu B, Jahnke B, Lademann F, Knösel T, Rümmele P, Grützmann R, Aust DE, Pilarsky C, Denz A. The G Protein-Coupled Receptor RAI3 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Cancer Survival and Regulates Proliferation via STAT3 Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170390. [PMID: 28114355 PMCID: PMC5256936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest tumors worldwide. Understanding the function of gene expression alterations is a prerequisite for developing new strategies in diagnostic and therapy. GPRC5A (RAI3), coding for a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor is known to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and might be an interesting candidate for therapeutic intervention. Expression levels of RAI3 were compared using a tissue microarray of 435 resected patients with pancreatic cancer as well as 209 samples from chronic pancreatitis (CP), intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and normal pancreatic tissue. To elucidate the function of RAI3 overexpression, siRNA based knock-down was used and transfected cells were analyzed using proliferation and migration assays. Pancreatic cancer patients showed a statistically significant overexpression of RAI3 in comparison to normal and chronic pancreatitis tissue. Especially the loss of apical RAI3 expression represents an independent prognostic parameter for overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Suppression of GPRC5a results in decreased cell growth, proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer cell lines via a STAT3 modulated pathway, independent from ERK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jahny
- Department of Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrix Jahnke
- Department of Surgery, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Petra Rümmele
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8–10, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela E. Aust
- Institute of Pathology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Axel Denz
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 12, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou H, Telonis AG, Jing Y, Xia NL, Biederman L, Jimbo M, Blanco F, Londin E, Brody JR, Rigoutsos I. GPRC5A is a potential oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells that is upregulated by gemcitabine with help from HuR. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2294. [PMID: 27415424 PMCID: PMC4973341 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GPRC5A is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor with an intriguing dual behavior, acting as an oncogene in some cancers and as a tumor suppressor in other cancers. In the pancreatic cancer context, very little is known about GPRC5A. By analyzing messenger RNA (mRNA) expression data from 675 human cancer cell lines and 10 609 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we found that GPRC5A's abundance in pancreatic cancer is highest (cell lines) or second highest (TCGA) among all tissues and cancer types. Further analyses of an independent set of 252 pancreatic normal and cancer samples showed GPRC5A mRNA to be more than twofold upregulated in primary tumor samples compared with normal pancreas (P-value<10−5), and even further upregulated in pancreatic cancer metastases to various organs (P-value=0.0021). Immunostaining of 208 cores (103 samples) of a tissue microarray showed generally low expression of GPRC5A protein in normal pancreatic ductal cells; on the other hand, in primary and metastatic samples, GPRC5A protein levels were dramatically increased in pancreatic ductal cells. In vitro studies of multiple pancreatic cancer cell lines showed that an increase in GPRC5A protein levels promoted pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration. Unexpectedly, when we treated pancreatic cancer cell lines with gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine), we observed an increase in GPRC5A protein abundance. On the other hand, when we knocked down GPRC5A we sensitized pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Through further experimentation we showed that the monotonic increase in GPRC5A protein levels that we observe for the first 18 h following gemcitabine treatment results from interactions between GPRC5A's mRNA and the RNA-binding protein HuR, which is an established key mediator of gemcitabine's efficacy in cancer cells. As we discovered, the interaction between GPRC5A and HuR is mediated by at least one HuR-binding site in GPRC5A's mRNA. Our findings indicate that GPRC5A is part of a complex molecular axis that involves gemcitabine and HuR, and, possibly, other genes. Further work is warranted before it can be established unequivocally that GPRC5A is an oncogene in the pancreatic cancer context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A G Telonis
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Y Jing
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - N L Xia
- Department of Neuroscience and The Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - L Biederman
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - M Jimbo
- Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - F Blanco
- Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - J R Brody
- Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - I Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Telonis AG, Loher P, Jing Y, Londin E, Rigoutsos I. Beyond the one-locus-one-miRNA paradigm: microRNA isoforms enable deeper insights into breast cancer heterogeneity. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9158-75. [PMID: 26400174 PMCID: PMC4627084 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe our study of miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) in breast cancer (BRCA) and normal breast data sets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. We report that the full isomiR profiles, from both known and novel human-specific miRNA loci, are particularly rich in information and can distinguish tumor from normal tissue much better than the archetype miRNAs. IsomiR expression is also dependent on the patient's race, exemplified by miR-183-5p, several isomiRs of which are upregulated in triple negative BRCA in white but not black women. Additionally, we find that an isomiR's 5′ endpoint and length, but not the genomic origin, are key determinants of the regulation of its expression. Overexpression of distinct miR-183-5p isomiRs in MDA-MB-231 cells followed by microarray analysis revealed that each isomiR has a distinct impact on the cellular transcriptome. Parallel integrative analysis of mRNA expression from BRCA data sets of the TCGA repository demonstrated that isomiRs can distinguish between the luminal A and luminal B subtypes and explain in more depth the molecular differences between them than the archetype molecules. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that post-transcriptional studies of BRCA will benefit from transcending the one-locus-one-miRNA paradigm and taking into account all isoforms from each miRNA locus as well as the patient's race.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis G Telonis
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillipe Loher
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Jing
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|