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Yu S, Wang M, Zhang H, Guo X, Qin R. Resistance to gemcitabine is mediated by the circ_0036627/miR-145/S100A16 axis in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18444. [PMID: 38924205 PMCID: PMC11196374 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of gemcitabine (GEM) resistance severely limits the treatment efficacy in pancreatic cancer (PC) and increasing evidence highlights the vital roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance of PC. However, the circRNAs underlying GEM resistance development of PC remains to be clarified. The current research aims to unveil the roles of circ_0036627 in dictating the aggressiveness and GEM sensitivity in PC. We reported the increased expression of circ_0036627 in PC tissues and PC cell lines. Elevated circ_0036627 expression level was correlated with advanced tumour grade and poor overall survival in PC patients. Functional assays and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circ_0036627 overexpression was required for the proliferation, migration invasion and GEM resistance in PC cells. circ_0036627 knockdown suppressed tumour development in vivo. The molecular analysis further showed that circ_0036627 increased S100A16 expression by sponging microRNA-145 (miR-145), a tumour-suppressive miRNA that could significantly attenuate PC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and GEM resistance. Furthermore, our findings suggested that S100A16 acted as an oncogenic factor to promote aggressiveness and GEM resistance in PC cells. In conclusion, the current findings provide new mechanistic insights into PC aggressiveness and GEM resistance, suggesting the critical role of circ_0036627/miR-145/S100A16 axis in PC progression and drug resistance development and offering novel therapeutic targets for PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary‐Pancreatic SurgeryAffiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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2
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Lai C, Xu L, Dai S. The nuclear export protein exportin-1 in solid malignant tumours: From biology to clinical trials. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1684. [PMID: 38783482 PMCID: PMC11116501 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin-1 (XPO1), a crucial protein regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, driving tumor progression and drug resistance. This makes XPO1 an attractive therapeutic target. Over the past few decades, the number of available nuclear export-selective inhibitors has been increasing. Only KPT-330 (selinexor) has been successfully used for treating haematological malignancies, and KPT-8602 (eltanexor) has been used for treating haematologic tumours in clinical trials. However, the use of nuclear export-selective inhibitors for the inhibition of XPO1 expression has yet to be thoroughly investigated in clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes for solid tumours. METHODS We collected numerous literatures to explain the efficacy of XPO1 Inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies of a wide range of solid tumours. RESULTS In this review, we focus on the nuclear export function of XPO1 and results from clinical trials of its inhibitors in solid malignant tumours. We summarized the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of XPO1 inhibitors, as well as adverse effects and response biomarkers. CONCLUSION XPO1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the fight against cancer, offering a novel approach to targeting tumorigenic processes and overcoming drug resistance. SINE compounds have demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of solid tumours, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing their use, identifying response biomarkers, and developing effective combination therapies. KEY POINTS Exportin-1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle. XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours. The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours. Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Lai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Colorectal SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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3
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Chakravarti N, Boles A, Burzinski R, Sindaco P, Isabelle C, McConnell K, Mishra A, Porcu P. XPO1 blockade with KPT-330 promotes apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by activating the p53-p21 and p27 pathways. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9305. [PMID: 38653804 PMCID: PMC11039474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking has been shown to play a role in oncogenesis in several types of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Exportin 1 (XPO1) is responsible for the nuclear export of several proteins and RNA species, mainly tumor suppressors. KPT-330, a small molecule inhibitor of XPO1, is approved for treating relapsed multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an adverse prognosis and limited treatment options in advanced stages. The effect of therapeutically targeting XPO1 with KPT-330 in CTCL has not been established. We report that XPO1 expression is upregulated in CTCL cells. KPT-330 reduces cell proliferation, induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RNA-sequencing was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Genes associated with the cell cycle and the p53 pathway were significantly enriched with KPT-330 treatment. KPT-330 suppressed XPO1 expression, upregulated p53, p21WAF1/Cip1, and p27Kip1 and their nuclear localization, and downregulated anti-apoptotic protein (Survivin). The in vivo efficacy of KPT-330 was investigated using a bioluminescent xenograft mouse model of CTCL. KPT-330 blocked tumor growth and prolonged survival (p < 0.0002) compared to controls. These findings support investigating the use of KPT-330 and next-generation XPO1 inhibitors in CTCL.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Exportin 1 Protein
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Animals
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chakravarti
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, BLSB 328, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Amy Boles
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rachel Burzinski
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Paola Sindaco
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Colleen Isabelle
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kathleen McConnell
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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4
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Sheikhi N, Bahraminejad M, Saeedi M, Mirfazli SS. A review: FDA-approved fluorine-containing small molecules from 2015 to 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115758. [PMID: 37657268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing small molecules have occupied a special position in drug discovery research. The successful clinical use of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s led to an ever-increasing number of approved fluorinated compounds over the last 50 years. They have shown various biological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been considered a strong and practical tool in the rational drug design approach due to their benefits from potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) points of view. Herein, approved fluorinated drugs from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sheikhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahraminejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Roshani M, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Jafari A, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Ahmadi Asouri S, Rajabi A, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Emerging roles of miR-145 in gastrointestinal cancers: A new paradigm. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115264. [PMID: 37619484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas are a group of cancers affecting the GI tract and digestive organs, such as the gastric, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, small intestine, esophagus, colon, and rectum. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are involved in regulating the expression of multiple target genes; mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via complementary binding to their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs have critical roles in modulating of various physiological and pathological cellular processes and regulating the occurrence and development of human malignancies. Among them, miR-145 is recognized for its anti-oncogenic properties in various cancers, including GI cancers. MiR-145 has been implicated in diverse biological processes of cancers through the regulation of target genes or signaling, including, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review, we have summarized the role of miR-145 in selected GI cancers and also its downstream molecules and cellular processes targets, which could lead to a better understanding of the miR-145 in these cancers. In conclusion, we reveal the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-145 in GI cancer, and hope to provide new ideas for its application as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for BasicSciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Altan M, Tu J, Milton DR, Yilmaz B, Tian Y, Fossella FV, Mott FE, Blumenschein GR, Stephen B, Karp DD, Meric-Bernstam F, Heymach JV, Naing A. Safety, tolerability, and clinical activity of selinexor in combination with pembrolizumab in treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2023; 129:2685-2693. [PMID: 37129197 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lung cancer, overexpression of nuclear export proteins can result in inactivation of critical tumor suppressor proteins and cell-cycle regulators. Selective suppression of nuclear export proteins has immunomodulatory activities. Here, clinical safety and early efficacy data are presented on the combination of pembrolizumab and an oral selective nuclear export inhibitor, selinexor, for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). METHODS The primary objective of this prospective investigator-initiated study was to determine the safety and tolerability of selinexor in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with mNSCLC. Secondary objectives included determination of objective tumor response rate, disease control rate, and progression-free survival duration. RESULTS A total of 17 patients were included in the final analysis. Fifteen (88%) received more than two lines of prior systemic therapy and 10 (59%) had prior exposure to anti-PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. The median age was 67.5 years. Ten patients had grade ≥3 adverse events related to selinexor treatment. Responses to treatment occurred in patients who did and did not undergo previous anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and in patients with activating driver mutations. The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 11.4 months (95% CI, 3.4-19.8 months) and 3.0 months (95% CI, 1.7-5.7 months), respectively. The overall response rate was 18% and the 6-month disease control rate was 24%. CONCLUSIONS Selinexor in combination with pembrolizumab demonstrated promising antitumor activity in patients with mNSCLC, including those who had previously received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The therapy-related toxic effects were consistent with the prior safety data for both drugs, and no overlapping toxic effects were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02419495. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY New strategies to prevent or reverse resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors are under investigation. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export proteins, such as selinexor, can induce restoration of tumor-suppressing pathways and induce potent immunomodulatory activities. This article contains the clinical safety and early efficacy data on the combination of pembrolizumab and selinexor in treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Altan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Janet Tu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bulent Yilmaz
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanyan Tian
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank V Fossella
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank E Mott
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George R Blumenschein
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bettzy Stephen
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Durani V, Sabet A, Redin E, Kawasaki K, Shafer M, Karthaus WR, Zaidi S, Zhan YA, Manoj P, Sridhar H, Shah NS, Chow A, Bhanot UK, Linkov I, Asher M, Yu HA, Qiu J, de Stanchina E, Patel RA, Morrissey C, Haffner MC, Koche RP, Sawyers CL, Rudin CM. Exportin 1 inhibition prevents neuroendocrine transformation through SOX2 down-regulation in lung and prostate cancers. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf7006. [PMID: 37531417 PMCID: PMC10777207 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In lung and prostate adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine (NE) transformation to an aggressive derivative resembling small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We previously described dependency of SCLC on the nuclear transporter exportin 1. Here, we explored the role of exportin 1 in NE transformation. We observed up-regulated exportin 1 in lung and prostate pretransformation adenocarcinomas. Exportin 1 was up-regulated after genetic inactivation of TP53 and RB1 in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, accompanied by increased sensitivity to the exportin 1 inhibitor selinexor in vitro. Exportin 1 inhibition prevented NE transformation in different TP53/RB1-inactivated prostate adenocarcinoma xenograft models that acquire NE features upon treatment with the aromatase inhibitor enzalutamide and extended response to the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib in a lung cancer transformation patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model exhibiting combined adenocarcinoma/SCLC histology. Ectopic SOX2 expression restored the enzalutamide-promoted NE phenotype on adenocarcinoma-to-NE transformation xenograft models despite selinexor treatment. Selinexor sensitized NE-transformed lung and prostate small cell carcinoma PDXs to standard cytotoxics. Together, these data nominate exportin 1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target to constrain lineage plasticity and prevent or treat NE transformation in lung and prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidushi Durani
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amin Sabet
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Esther Redin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenta Kawasaki
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moniquetta Shafer
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wouter R. Karthaus
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samir Zaidi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yingqian A. Zhan
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Parvathy Manoj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Harsha Sridhar
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nisargbhai S. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Umesh K. Bhanot
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Linkov
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marina Asher
- Precision Pathology Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Helena A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan Qiu
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Radhika A. Patel
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 19024, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles L. Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Pershina AG, Nevskaya KV, Morozov KR, Litviakov NV. Methods for assessing the effect of microRNA on stemness genes. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-4-170-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest concepts, for micrometastasis to develop into macrometastasis, differentiated cancer cells must revert to a dedifferentiated state. Activation of stemness genes plays a key role in this transition. Suppression of stemness gene expression using microRNAs can become the basis for the development of effective anti-metastatic drugs. This article provides an overview of the existing methods for assessing the effect of microRNAs on stemness genes and cancer cell dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N. V. Litviakov
- Siberian State Medical University;
Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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9
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Abstract
C-Myc overexpression is a common finding in pancreatic cancer and predicts the aggressive behavior of cancer cells. It binds to the promoter of different genes, thereby regulating their transcription. C-Myc is downstream of KRAS and interacts with several oncogenic and proliferative pathways in pancreatic cancer. C-Myc enhances aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells and regulates glutamate biosynthesis from glutamine. It provides enough energy for cancer cells' metabolism and sufficient substrate for the synthesis of organic molecules. C-Myc overexpression is associated with chemoresistance, intra-tumor angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Despite its title, c-Myc is not "undruggable" and recent studies unveiled that it can be targeted, directly or indirectly. Small molecules that accelerate c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation have been effective in preclinical studies. Small molecules that hinder c-Myc-MAX heterodimerization or c-Myc/MAX/DNA complex formation can functionally inhibit c-Myc. In addition, c-Myc can be targeted through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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10
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The efficacy of selinexor (KPT-330), an XPO1 inhibitor, on non-hematologic cancers: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2139-2155. [PMID: 35941226 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selinexor is a novel XPO1 inhibitor which inhibits the export of tumor suppressor proteins and oncoprotein mRNAs, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. While selinexor is currently FDA approved to treat multiple myeloma, compelling preclinical and early clinical studies reveal selinexor's efficacy in treating hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies, including sarcoma, gastric, bladder, prostate, breast, ovarian, skin, lung, and brain cancers. Current reviews of selinexor primarily highlight its use in hematologic malignancies; however, this review seeks to summarize the recent evidence of selinexor treatment in solid tumors. METHODS Pertinent literature searches in PubMed and the Karyopharm Therapeutics website for selinexor and non-hematologic malignancies preclinical and clinical trials. RESULTS This review provides evidence that selinexor is a promising agent used alone or in combination with other anticancer medications in non-hematologic malignancies. CONCLUSION Further clinical investigation of selinexor treatment for solid malignancies is warranted.
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11
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Hammash D, Mahfood M, Khoder G, Ahmed M, Tlili A, Hamoudi R, Harati R. miR-623 Targets Metalloproteinase-1 and Attenuates Extravasation of Brain Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. BREAST CANCER: TARGETS AND THERAPY 2022; 14:187-198. [PMID: 35936987 PMCID: PMC9354772 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s372083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Most breast cancer-related deaths result from metastasis. Understanding the molecular basis of metastasis is needed for the development of effective targeted and preventive strategies. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) plays an important role in brain metastasis (BM) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by promoting extravasation of cancer cells across the brain endothelium (BE). MMP1 expression is controlled by endogenous microRNAs. Preliminary bioinformatics analysis has revealed that miR-623, known to target the 3ʹUTR of MMP1, is significantly downregulated in brain metastatic tumors compared to primary BC tumors. However, the involvement of miR-623 in MMP1 upregulation in breast cancer brain metastatic cells (BCBMC) remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of miR-623 in MMP1 regulation and its impact on the extravasation of TNBC cells through the BE in vitro. Materials and Methods A loss-and-gain of function method was employed to address the effect of miR-623 modulation on MMP1 expression. MMP1 regulation by miR-623 was investigated by real-time PCR, western blot, luciferase and transwell migration assays using an in vitro human BE model. Results Our results confirmed that brain metastatic TNBC cells express lower levels of miR-623 compared with cells having low propensity to spread toward the brain. miR-623 binds to the 3′-untranslated region of MMP1 transcript and downregulates its expression. Restoring miR-623 expression significantly decreased MMP1 expression, preserved the endothelial barrier integrity, and attenuated transmigration of BCBMC through the BE. Conclusion Our study elucidates, for the first time, the crucial role of miR-623 as MMP1 direct regulator in BCBMC and sheds light on miR-623 as a novel therapeutic target that can be exploited to predict and prevent brain metastasis in TNBC. Importantly, the presents study helps in unraveling a brain metastasis-specific microRNA signature in TNBC that can be used as a guide to personalized metastasis prediction and preventive approach with better therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dua Hammash
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Mahfood
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technologies, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: Rania Harati, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Tel +971 6 505 7438, Fax +971 6 558 5812, Email
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Balasubramanian SK, Azmi AS, Maciejewski J. Selective inhibition of nuclear export: a promising approach in the shifting treatment paradigms for hematological neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36:601-612. [PMID: 35091658 PMCID: PMC8885406 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Novel targeted therapeutics alone or in rational combinations are likely to dominate the future management of various hematological neoplasms. However, the challenges currently faced are the molecular heterogeneity in driver lesions and genetic plasticity leading to multiple resistance pathways. Thus, progress has overall been gradual. For example, despite the advent of targeted agents against actionable drivers like FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognosis remains suboptimal in newly diagnosed and dismal in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting, due to other molecular abnormalities contributing to inherent and acquired treatment resistance. Nuclear export inhibitors are of keen interest because they can inhibit several active tumorigenic processes simultaneously and also synergize with other targeted drugs and chemotherapy. XPO1 (or CRM1, chromosome maintenance region 1) is one of the most studied exportins involved in transporting critical cargoes, including tumor suppressor proteins like p27, p53, and RB1. Apart from the TSP cargo transport and its role in drug resistance, XPO1 inhibition results in retention of master transcription factors essential for cell differentiation, cell survival, and autophagy, rendering cells more susceptible to the effects of other antineoplastic agents, including targeted therapies. This review will dissect the role of XPO1 inhibition in hematological neoplasms, focusing on mechanistic insights gleaned mainly from work with SINE compounds. Future potential combinatorial strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.
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13
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Zhu S, Yang N, Niu C, Wang W, Wang X, Bai J, Qiao Y, Deng S, Guan Y, Chen J. The miR-145–MMP1 axis is a critical regulator for imiquimod-induced cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Özdaş S, Canatar İ. Targeting of nucleo‑cytoplasmic transport factor exportin 1 in malignancy (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 38938904 PMCID: PMC11208992 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2021.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the cell nucleus. Small molecules pass through NPCs by diffusion while large molecules enter and exit the nucleus by karyopherins, which serve as transport factors. Exportin-1 (XPO1) is a protein that is an important member of the karyopherin family and carries macromolecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. XPO1 is responsible for nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of protein, ribosomal RNA and certain required mRNAs for ribosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, XPO1-mediated nuclear export is associated with various types of disease, such as cancer, inflammation and viral infection. The key role of XPO1 in carcinogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target has been demonstrated by previous studies. Clinical use of novel developed generation-specific XPO1 inhibitors and their combination with other agents to block XPO1-mediated nuclear export are a promising new treatment strategy. The aim of the present study was to explain the working mechanism of XPO1 and inhibitors that block XPO1-mediated nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Özdaş
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - İpek Canatar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
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15
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Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Rabiei N, Piroozmand H, Vosough M, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. The role of non-coding RNAs in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:892-926. [PMID: 34760336 PMCID: PMC8551789 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors, are responsible for large numbers of deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is the most common approach used to treat advanced GI cancer. However, chemoresistance has emerged as a critical challenge that prevents successful tumor elimination, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Chemoresistance mechanisms are complex, and many factors and pathways are involved. Among these factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of GI tumor development and subsequently can induce resistance to chemotherapy. This occurs because ncRNAs can target multiple signaling pathways, affect downstream genes, and modulate proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and autophagy. ncRNAs can also induce cancer stem cell features and affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, ncRNAs could possibly act as new targets in chemotherapy combinations to treat GI cancer and to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Piroozmand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Kang BW, Chau I. Emerging agents for metastatic pancreatic cancer: spotlight on early phase clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1089-1107. [PMID: 34727804 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1995354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the recent development of new chemotherapeutic regimens and combination strategies, metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) still shows only a modest response to conventional cytotoxic agents. However, several novel therapeutic agents targeting the unique features of mPC are showing promise in clinical trials. AREA COVERED This article reviews the current state of development of new agents targeting various systems and molecular pathways. We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov in September 2021 with a special focus on ongoing early phase clinical trials to identify the promising therapeutic strategies for mPC. EXPERT OPINION Extensive tumor heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, genetic alterations of the oncogenic signaling pathways, metabolic dysregulation, and a low immunogenicity are hurdles for current treatment approaches. Ongoing research efforts strive to overcome these hurdles and are showing some promising early results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian Chau
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, Surrey, UK
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17
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Gao F, Yan S, Sun Z, Wang J. Muscone suppresses gastric cancer via regulation of miRNA-145. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4711-4721. [PMID: 34531985 PMCID: PMC8441313 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects and mechanism of action of muscone on the biological activity of the gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MGC-803 (proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration) in vitro. An optimal muscone concentration was determined using MTT and cell apoptosis tests. The SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells were divided into five groups: normal control, muscone, miRNA, muscone + miRNA, and muscone + miRNA inhibitor. Cell proliferation rate, apoptosis rate, cell cycle phase distribution, number of invading cells, and wound healing rate were compared among the five groups using MTT, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays. Relative expression levels of the proteins PI3K, AKT, P21, c-Myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured by Western blot. Compared with the control group, the groups treated with muscone and miRNA showed significantly lower cell proliferation rate, number of invading cells, and wound healing rate (p < .05 for all), but significantly higher rates of cell apoptosis rate and numbers of cells in the G1 phase (p < .05 for all). These groups also showed significantly lower expression of the proteins PI3K, AKT, c-Myc, MMP-2, and MMP-9 but significantly increased expression of the protein P21 (p < .05). Transfecting muscone-treated SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells with miRNA-145 inhibitor resulted in a significant recovery of biological activity (p < .05). Muscone suppresses the biological activity of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells in vitro via regulation of miRNA-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Shihai Yan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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18
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Tateo V, Manuzzi L, Parisi C, De Giglio A, Campana D, Pantaleo MA, Lamberti G. An Overview on Molecular Characterization of Thymic Tumors: Old and New Targets for Clinical Advances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:316. [PMID: 33915954 PMCID: PMC8066729 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic tumors are a group of rare mediastinal malignancies that include three different histological subtypes with completely different clinical behavior: the thymic carcinomas, the thymomas, and the rarest thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Nowadays, few therapeutic options are available for relapsed and refractory thymic tumors after a first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. In the last years, the deepening of knowledge on thymus' biological characterization has opened possibilities for new treatment options. Several clinical trials have been conducted, the majority with disappointing results mainly due to inaccurate patient selection, but recently some encouraging results have been presented. In this review, we summarize the molecular alterations observed in thymic tumors, underlying the great biological differences among the different histology, and the promising targeted therapies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tateo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Lisa Manuzzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Claudia Parisi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Campana
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lamberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola University Hospital, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.T.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (D.C.); (M.A.P.); (G.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via P. Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Azmi AS, Uddin MH, Mohammad RM. The nuclear export protein XPO1 - from biology to targeted therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:152-169. [PMID: 33173198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-00442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosome region maintenance protein 1, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via the regulated export of a range of cargoes, including proteins and several classes of RNAs, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Dysregulation of this protein plays a pivotal role in the development of various solid and haematological malignancies. Furthermore, XPO1 is associated with resistance to several standard-of-care therapies, including chemotherapies and targeted therapies, making it an attractive target of novel cancer therapies. Over the years, a number of selective inhibitors of nuclear export have been developed. However, only selinexor has been clinically validated. The novel mechanism of action of XPO1 inhibitors implies a different toxicity profile to that of other agents and has proved challenging in certain settings. Nonetheless, data from clinical trials have led to the approval of the XPO1 inhibitor selinexor (plus dexamethasone) as a fifth-line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma and as a monotherapy for patients with relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In this Review, we summarize the progress and challenges in the development of nuclear export inhibitors and discuss the potential of emerging combination therapies and biomarkers of response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed H Uddin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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20
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Kaempferol ameliorates the regulatory effects of PVT1/ miR-214 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the PAK4/β-catenin axis in SRA01/04 cells. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:613-623. [PMID: 33527844 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether kaempferol exhibits a protective effect on high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by mediating the PVT1/miR-214 and PAK4/β-catenin pathways in SRA01/04 cells. Methods & methods: qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used for gene and protein determination, and migration and invasion assays were conducted. A coimmunoprecipitation assay was used for determining protein interactions. Results: High glucose effectively upregulated PVT1 expression, downregulated miR-214 expression and promoted cell migration and invasion. Kaempferol attenuated high glucose-induced EMT by increasing PVT1 expression and decreasing miR-214 expression. PAK4 was identified as a direct target of miR-214. PAK4 overexpression could rescue the effects of PVT1 deficiency on SRA01/04 cells. Conclusion: Kaempferol ameliorated the regulatory effects of PVT1/miR-214 on high glucose-induced EMT through PAK4/β-catenin in SRA01/04 cells.
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21
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Zhu JH, Yan QL, Wang JW, Chen Y, Ye QH, Wang ZJ, Huang T. The Key Genes for Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Identified With Monte-Carlo Feature Selection Method. Front Genet 2020; 11:554502. [PMID: 33193628 PMCID: PMC7593847 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.554502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Its 5-year survival rate is only 3–5%. Perineural invasion (PNI) is a process of cancer cells invading the surrounding nerves and perineural spaces. It is considered to be associated with the poor prognosis of PDAC. About 90% of pancreatic cancer patients have PNI. The high incidence of PNI in pancreatic cancer limits radical resection and promotes local recurrence, which negatively affects life quality and survival time of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Objectives To investigate the mechanism of PNI in pancreatic cancer, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of tumors and adjacent tissues from 50 PDAC patients which included 28 patients with perineural invasion and 22 patients without perineural invasion. Method Using Monte-Carlo feature selection and Incremental Feature Selection (IFS) method, we identified 26 key features within which 15 features were from tumor tissues and 11 features were from adjacent tissues. Results Our results suggested that not only the tumor tissue, but also the adjacent tissue, was informative for perineural invasion prediction. The SVM classifier based on these 26 key features can predict perineural invasion accurately, with a high accuracy of 0.94 evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). Conclusion The in-depth biological analysis of key feature genes, such as TNFRSF14, XPO1, and ATF3, shed light on the understanding of perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Liang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Jinhua People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Huang Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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22
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Harati R, Hafezi S, Mabondzo A, Tlili A. Silencing miR-202-3p increases MMP-1 and promotes a brain invasive phenotype in metastatic breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239292. [PMID: 33002044 PMCID: PMC7529272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis (BM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer (BC) and its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Transmigration of metastatic cells through the brain endothelium is an essential step in BM. Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) overexpression plays a key role in promoting trans-endothelial migration by degrading the inter-endothelial junctions and disrupting the endothelial integrity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that induce MMP-1 in metastatic cells granting them a brain invasive phenotype. MiR-202-3p is downregulated in brain metastases compared to primary breast tumors and directly targets MMP-1. Here, we unraveled a critical role of miR-202-3p loss in MMP-1 upregulation promoting transmigration of metastatic cells through the brain endothelium. METHODS A variant of the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line (MDA-MB-231-BrM2) selected for its propensity to form brain metastases was found to express high levels of MMP-1 and low levels of miR-202-3p compared to the parental cells. Using a gain-and-loss of function approach, we modulated levels of miR-202-3p and examined the resultant effect on MMP-1 expression. Effect of miR-202-3p modulation on integrity of the brain endothelium and the transmigrative ability of BC cells were also examined. RESULTS Loss of miR-202-3p in breast cancer cells enhanced their transmigration through the brain endothelium by upregulating MMP-1 and disrupting the inter-endothelial junctions (claudin-5, ZO-1 and ß-catenin). Restoring miR-202-3p exerted a metastasis-suppressive effect and preserved the endothelial barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a critical regulatory role of miR-202-3p in brain metastasis and shed light on miR-202-3p/MMP-1 axis as a novel prognostic and therapeutic target that can be exploited to predict and prevent brain metastasis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Department of Medicines and Healthcare Technologies, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Mughees M, Samim M, Sharma Y, Wajid S. Identification of protein targets and the mechanism of the cytotoxic action of Ipomoea turpethum extract loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6048-6063. [PMID: 31549130 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The shortcomings of the currently available anti-breast cancer agents compel the development of the safer targeted drug delivery for the treatment of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-breast cancer potential of Ipomoea turpethum extract loaded nanoparticles (NIPAAM-VP-AA) against breast cancer, together with the identification of the key proteins responsible for the caused cytotoxicity. For this, we explored the tumor microenvironment for targeted drug delivery and synthesized (temperature and pH responsive) double triggered polymeric nanoparticles by the free radical mechanism and characterized them by DLS and TEM. The extract which emerged as the best extract, i.e. root extract, was loaded on the nanoparticles and the cytotoxicity was evaluated in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by various cytotoxic assays like MTT assay, CFSE cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle study and DAPI nuclear staining. The key protein targets responsible for the caused cytotoxicity were identified by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. The proteome analysis revealed that most of the significantly differentially expressed proteins have a role in proliferation, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis and tumor suppression. Finally, the interaction among the highly differentially expressed proteins was identified by using the STRING online tool, which showed that I. turpethum nanoparticles caused apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells by targeting nucleolysin TIAR, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 and ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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Azizian NG, Li Y. XPO1-dependent nuclear export as a target for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:61. [PMID: 32487143 PMCID: PMC7268335 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires the proper nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of large molecules, which is often deregulated in cancer. XPO1 is an export receptor responsible for the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of hundreds of proteins and multiple RNA species. XPO1 is frequently overexpressed and/or mutated in human cancers and functions as an oncogenic driver. Suppression of XPO1-mediated nuclear export, therefore, presents a unique therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the physiological functions of XPO1 as well as the development of various XPO1 inhibitors and provide an update on the recent clinical trials of the SINE compounds. We also discuss potential future research directions on the molecular function of XPO1 and the clinical application of XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy G Azizian
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Center for Immunotherapy Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Chen X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Chen K, Zhao L, Xu Y, Jiang H, Wang S. Synergistic antifibrotic effects of miR-451 with miR-185 partly by co-targeting EphB2 on hepatic stellate cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:402. [PMID: 32467578 PMCID: PMC7256034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a global health problem currently without clinically approved drugs. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Uncovering the mechanisms underlying the fibrogenic responses in HSCs may have profound translational implications. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor B2 (EphB2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been indicated to be a novel profibrotic factor involved in liver fibrogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-451 and miR-185 on the expression of EphB2 and their roles in liver fibrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. We found that EphB2 upregulation is a direct downstream molecular event of decreased expression of miR-451 and miR-185 in the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, miR-451 was unexpectedly found to upregulate miR-185 expression at the post-transcriptional level by directly targeting the nuclear export receptor exportin 1 (XPO-1) and synergistically suppress HSCs activation with miR-185. To investigate the clinical potential of these miRNAs, miR-451/miR-185 agomirs were injected individually or jointly into CCl4-treated mice. The results showed that coadministration of these agomirs synergistically alleviated liver fibrosis in vivo. These findings indicate that miR-451 and miR-451/XPO-1/miR-185 axis play important and synergistic regulatory roles in hepatic fibrosis partly through co-targeting EphB2, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Limeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Hulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
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Maenhoudt N, Defraye C, Boretto M, Jan Z, Heremans R, Boeckx B, Hermans F, Arijs I, Cox B, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Van Rompuy AS, Lambrechts D, Timmerman D, Vankelecom H. Developing Organoids from Ovarian Cancer as Experimental and Preclinical Models. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:717-729. [PMID: 32243841 PMCID: PMC7160357 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the most dismal gynecological cancer. Pathobiology is poorly understood, mainly due to lack of appropriate study models. Organoids, defined as self-developing three-dimensional in vitro reconstructions of tissues, provide powerful tools to model human diseases. Here, we established organoid cultures from patient-derived OC, in particular from the most prevalent high-grade serous OC (HGSOC). Testing multiple culture medium components identified neuregulin-1 (NRG1) as key factor in maximizing OC organoid development and growth, although overall derivation efficiency remained moderate (36% for HGSOC patients, 44% for all patients together). Established organoid lines showed patient tumor-dependent morphology and disease characteristics, and recapitulated the parent tumor's marker expression and mutational landscape. Moreover, the organoids displayed tumor-specific sensitivity to clinical HGSOC chemotherapeutic drugs. Patient-derived OC organoids provide powerful tools for the study of the cancer's pathobiology (such as importance of the NRG1/ERBB pathway) as well as advanced preclinical tools for (personalized) drug screening and discovery. Organoids are established from ovarian cancer (OC) Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is identified as key component for OC organoid growth OC organoids capture disease hallmarks and recapitulate patient tumor characteristics OC organoids are amenable to drug screening and mechanistic (NRG1/ERBB) research
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Maenhoudt
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Defraye
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Boretto
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ziga Jan
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cancer Centre Carinthia, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Ruben Heremans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Cox
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Van Rompuy
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Shams R, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Behmanesh A, Sadeghi A, Zali M, Salari S, Padrón JM. MicroRNAs Targeting MYC Expression: Trace of Hope for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. A Systematic Review. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2393-2404. [PMID: 32308478 PMCID: PMC7132265 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s245872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies and a major health problem worldwide. There were no major advances in conventional treatments in inhibiting tumor progression and increasing patient survival time. In order to suppress mechanisms responsible for tumor cell development such as those with oncogenic roles, more advanced therapeutic strategies should be sought. One of the most important oncogenes of pancreatic cancer is the MYC gene. The overexpression of MYC can activate many tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation and pancreatic cancer cell invasion. MiRNAs are important molecules that are confirmed by targeting mRNA transcripts to regulate the expression of the MYC gene. Therefore, restoring MYC-repressing miRNAs expression tends to be an effective method of treating MYC-driven cancers. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify all validated microRNAs targeting C-MYC expression to inhibit PDAC progression by conducting a systematic review. Methods In this systematic review study, the papers published between 2000 and 2020 in major online scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were screened, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. We extracted all the experimental studies that showed miRNAs could target the expression of the MYC gene in PDAC. Results Eight papers were selected from a total of 89 papers. We found that six miRNAs (Let-7a, miR-145, miR-34a, miR-375, miR-494, and miR-148a) among the selected studies were validated for targeting MYC gene and three of them confirmed Let-7a as a direct MYC expression regulator in PC cells. Finally, we summarized the latest shreds of evidence of experimentally validated miRNAs targeting the MYC gene with respect to PDAC’s therapeutic potential. Conclusion Restoring the expression of MYC-repressing miRNAs tends to be an effective way to treat MYC-driven cancers such as PDAC. Several miRNAs have been proposed to target this oncogene via bioinformatics tools, but only a few have been experimentally validated for pancreatic cancer cells and models. Further studies should be conducted to find the interaction network of miRNA-MYC to develop more successful therapeutic strategies for PC, using the synergistic effects of these miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Shams
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Behmanesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadareza Zali
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de la Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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28
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Zhang W, Ji W, Li T, Liu T, Zhao X. MiR-145 functions as a tumor suppressor in Papillary Thyroid Cancer by inhibiting RAB5C. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1992-2001. [PMID: 32788878 PMCID: PMC7415399 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the largest proportion of thyroid cancers; and its morbidity rate has dramatically increased in recent decades. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of PTC are still not clear. This study aimed to reveal that miR-145 acts as an antitumor miRNA in the progression of PTC. In the present study, the expression of miR-145 was analyzed in 57 paired PTC patient samples. The relationship between clinicopathological features and miR-145 expression were also defined. The tumor suppressive function of miR-145 on PTC cell metastasis, proliferation and apoptosis were revealed in vitro. Also, we used dual luciferase reporter assay to define the relationship of miR-145 and RAB5C. RAB5C was reported to participate in cell invasion and cell motility. We found that miR-145 was downregulated in PTCs, which was negatively correlated with PTC progression and metastasis. MiR-145 inhibited PTC migration, proliferation and promoted apoptosis by directly suppresing RAB5C. In conclusion, miR-145 functions as a tumor suppressor in PTC by inhibiting RAB5C. MiR-145 and RAB5C are potential therapeutic targets in therapy of aggressive PTC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wenyue Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Aladhraei M, Al-Thobhani AK, Poungvarin N, Suwannalert P. Association of XPO1 Overexpression with NF-κB and Ki67 in Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3747-3754. [PMID: 31870117 PMCID: PMC7173379 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exportin 1(XPO1), a nuclear exporter protein, has been gaining recognition in cancer progression and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the overexpression of XPO1 with NF-κB, Ki67 and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue samples and to explore the anti-proliferative effect of KPT-330, as XPO1 inhibitor, in colorectal cancer cell line. METHODS Forty CRC tissue samples were analyzed by immunostaining for the expressions of XPO1, NF-κB and Ki67 and then the anti-proliferative effect of the KPT-330 was also evaluated in HT29 colorectal cancer cell line. RESULTS XPO1 overexpression was observed in 52.5% of CRC and significantly apparent with strong intensity in tumor cells compared to the normal adjacent epithelium (P<0.001). Regarding to the histopathological characteristics, the XPO1 overexpression significantly associated with advanced tumor stages (P=0.049) and has great tendency towards moderate/poorly differentiated tumors. Although the XPO1 overexpression was strongly associated with high Ki67 expression (P=0.001), only Ki67 expression showed significant association with tumor size (P=0.012). No significant association was detected between the XPO1 overexpression and NF-κB, while the NF-κB positive expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and Ki67 expression at P=0.027 and P= 0.007, respectively. The in vitro experiments showed a great impact of KPT-330, as XPO1 inhibitor, to inhibit cancer growth in dose and time dependent manner and significantly diminished the colony formation (P<0.001) of HT29 cells- associated with the expression of Ki67 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION XPO1 overexpression and NF-κB expression may serve as potential biomarker associated with CRC pathogenesis and proliferation, while the KPT-330 is effectively inhibited-colon cancer growth in vitro. Further studies considering the prognostication role of XPO1 overexpression in CRC are required. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulla Kassem Al-Thobhani
- Clinical Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,
| | - Naravat Poungvarin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sana’a, Sana’a, Yemen.
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Sexton R, Mahdi Z, Chaudhury R, Beydoun R, Aboukameel A, Khan HY, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, Landesman Y, Tesfaye A, Kim S, Philip PA, Azmi AS. Targeting Nuclear Exporter Protein XPO1/CRM1 in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4826. [PMID: 31569391 PMCID: PMC6801932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains an unmet clinical problem in urgent need of newer and effective treatments. Here we show that the nuclear export protein, Exportin 1 (XPO1, chromosome region maintenance 1 or CRM1), is a promising molecular target in gastric cancer. We demonstrate significant overexpression of XPO1 in a cohort of histologically diverse gastric cancer patients with primary and metastatic disease. XPO1 RNA interference suppressed gastric cancer cell growth. Anti-tumor activity was observed with specific inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds (selinexor/XPOVIO), second-generation compound KPT-8602/eltanexor, KPT-185 and +ve control Leptomycin B in three distinct gastric cancer cell lines. SINE compounds inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, disrupted spheroid formation, induced apoptosis and halted cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase. Anti-tumor activity was concurrent with nuclear retention of tumor suppressor proteins and inhibition of colony formation. In combination studies, SINE compounds enhanced the efficacy of nab-paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. More significantly, using non-coding RNA sequencing studies, we demonstrate for the first time that SINE compounds can alter the expression of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and piwiRNAs). SINE treatment caused statistically significant downregulation of oncogenic miR-33b-3p in two distinct cell lines. These studies demonstrate the therapeutic significance of XPO1 in gastric cancer that warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sexton
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Zaid Mahdi
- Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Rahman Chaudhury
- Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Rafic Beydoun
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Husain Y Khan
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, MA 02459, USA.
| | | | | | - Anteneh Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Steve Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Pre-clinical anti-tumor activity of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor in Hodgkin's Lymphoma cellular and subcutaneous tumor model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02290. [PMID: 31508518 PMCID: PMC6726720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC family and plays a central role in B-cell signaling, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Here we evaluated the impact of BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib on a panel of HL models in vitro and in vivo. Ibrutinib suppressed viability and induced apoptosis in 4 HL cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner. Molecular analysis showed induction of both apoptotic and autophagy markers. Ibrutinib treatment resulted in suppression of BTK and other downstream targets including PI3K, mTOR and RICTOR. Ibrutinib given at 50 mg/kg p.o daily for three weeks caused statistically significant inhibition of HL cell line derived subcutaneous xenografts (p < 0.01) in ICR-SCID mice. Molecular analysis of residual tumor tissue revealed down-regulation of BTK; its related markers and autophagy markers. Our studies are the first showing in vitro and in vivo action of BTK inhibition in classical HL. A phase II study examining the activity of ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory HL is currently enrolling (NCT02824029).
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Chen L, Huang Y, Zhou L, Lian Y, Wang J, Chen D, Wei H, Huang M, Huang Y. Prognostic roles of the transcriptional expression of exportins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190827. [PMID: 31371628 PMCID: PMC6702357 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: A large number of studies have suggested that exportins (XPOs) play a pivotal role in human cancers. In the present study, we analyzed XPO mRNA expression in cancer tissues and explored their prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: Transcriptional and survival data related to XPO expression in HCC patients were obtained through the ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases. Survival analysis plots were drawn with Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Sequence alteration data for XPOs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and c-BioPortal. Gene functional enrichment analyses were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).Results: Compared with normal liver tissues, significant XPO mRNA overexpression was observed in HCC cancer tissues. There was a trend of higher XPO expression in more advanced clinical stages and lower differentiated pathological grades of HCC. In HCC patients, high expression of XPO1, CSE1L, XPOT, XPO4/5/6 was related to poor overall survival (OS), and XPO1, CSE1L and XPO5/6 were correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). The main genetic alterations in XPOs involved mRNA up-regulation, DNA amplification and deletion. General XPO mutations were remarkably associated with worse OS and mostly affected the pathways of RNA transport and oocyte meiosis.Conclusion: High expression of XPOs was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. XPOs may be exploited as good prognostic biomarkers for survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubiao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Birnbaum DJ, Finetti P, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E, Bertucci F. XPO1 Expression Is a Poor-Prognosis Marker in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E596. [PMID: 31052304 PMCID: PMC6572621 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is one of the most aggressive human cancers and new systemic therapies are urgently needed. Exportin-1 (XPO1), which is a member of the importin-β superfamily of karyopherins, is the major exporter of many tumor suppressor proteins that are involved in the progression of PAC. Promising pre-clinical data using XPO1 inhibitors have been reported in PAC, but very few data are available regarding XPO1 expression in clinical samples. Retrospectively, we analyzed XPO1 mRNA expression in 741 pancreatic samples, including 95 normal, 73 metastatic and 573 primary cancers samples, and searched for correlations with clinicopathological and molecular data, including overall survival. XPO1 expression was heterogeneous across the samples, higher in metastatic samples than in the primary tumors, and higher in primaries than in the normal samples. "XPO1-high" tumors were associated with positive pathological lymph node status and aggressive molecular subtypes. They were also associated with shorter overall survival in both uni- and multivariate analyses. Supervised analysis between the "XPO1-high" and "XPO1-low" tumors identified a robust 268-gene signature, whereby ontology analysis suggested increased XPO1 activity in the "XPO1-high" tumors. XPO1 expression refines the prognostication in PAC and higher expression exists in secondary versus primary tumors, which supports the development of XPO1 inhibitors in this so-lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jérémie Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13273 Marseille, France.
- Département de Chirurgie Générale et Viscérale, AP-HM, F-13000 Marseille, France.
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, F-13273 Marseille, France.
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13273 Marseille, France.
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Chen Q, Hou J, Wu Z, Zhao J, Ma D. miR-145 Regulates the sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to 5-FU via targeting REV3L. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152427. [PMID: 31072625 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-145 was associated with chemotherapy in multitype cancers. However, the underlying role and molecular mechanism of miR-145 in the sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to 5-FU remained largely unknown. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Gene expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Protein expression levels were evaluated by Western blot. TargetScan was used for the prediction of binding sites for miRNA in mRNAs. The interaction between mRNA 3' UTR and miRNA was verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that miR-145 was downregulated in ESCC tumor tissues and cells, while REV3L was upregulated in ESCC tumor tissues. Overexpression of miR-145 decreased REV3L mRNA and protein level in ESCC cell line KYSE150, while decreased miR-145 increased REV3L mRNA and protein level in esophageal epithelium cell line (HEEC). In addition, the luciferase activity of ESCC cells was decreased after the treatment of miR-145 mimic and mRNA 3'UTR-WT. Overexpressed miR-145 significantly inhibited cell viability and elevated cell apoptosis rate upon 5-FU treatment. Additionally, transfection of miR-145 mimic further altered expression of key genes involved in cell apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase3) in ESCC cells treated with 5-FU. miR-145 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang Peoples' Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang Peoples' Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang Peoples' Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang Peoples' Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China
| | - De Ma
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang Peoples' Hospital, Jingjiang, 214500, China.
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Shen F, Liu P, Xu Z, Li N, Yi Z, Tie X, Zhang Y, Gao L. CircRNA_001569 promotes cell proliferation through absorbing miR-145 in gastric cancer. J Biochem 2019; 165:27-36. [PMID: 30304349 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer severely threatens human life, while its pathogenesis is still unclear. The present study was to explore the potential pathogenic mechanism underlying gastric cancer. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of circRNA_001569 and miR-145; western blot was performed to detect the expression of NR4A2. Cell cycle and apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry, and cell viability was determined using Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to validate the relationship between miR-145 and NR4A2. Both circRNA_001569 and NR4A2 were overexpressed in tissues and cells of gastric cancer, while miR-145 was down-regulated. Overexpressed circRNA_001569 significantly increased cell viability, and decreased cell apoptosis, while down-regulated circRNA_001569 dramatically decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. CircRNA_001569 regulated the expression of miR-145, the effect of pcDNA-circRNA_001569 was abolished by miR-145 mimic and the effect of si-circRNA_001569 was abolished by miR-145 inhibitor. MiR-145 targets NR4A2 to regulate its expression. Overexpressed miR-145 suppressed cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. Taken together, the present study indicated that overexpressed circRNA_001569 promoted cell viability of gastric cancer through suppressing the expression of miR-145, which was mediated by NR4A2. The research will provide great theoretical basis for further clinical diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Peijie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhiqiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhenying Yi
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojing Tie
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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36
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Zhang W, Ly C, Ishizawa J, Mu H, Ruvolo V, Shacham S, Daver N, Andreeff M. Combinatorial targeting of XPO1 and FLT3 exerts synergistic anti-leukemia effects through induction of differentiation and apoptosis in FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemias: from concept to clinical trial. Haematologica 2018; 103:1642-1653. [PMID: 29773601 PMCID: PMC6165819 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.185082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies against FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemias have shown limited clinical efficacy primarily because of the acquisition of secondary mutations in FLT3 and persistent activation of downstream pro-survival pathways such as MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and STAT5. Activation of these additional kinases may also result in phosphorylation of tumor suppressor proteins promoting their nuclear export. Thus, co-targeting nuclear export proteins (e.g., XPO1) and FLT3 concomitantly may be therapeutically effective. Here we report on the combinatorial inhibition of XPO1 using selinexor and FLT3 using sorafenib. Selinexor exerted marked cell killing of human and murine FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia cells, including those harboring internal tandem duplication and/or tyrosine kinase domain point mutations. Interestingly, selinexor treatment of murine FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia cells activated FLT3 and its downstream MAPK or AKT signaling pathways. When combined with sorafenib, selinexor triggered marked synergistic pro-apoptotic effects. This was preceded by elevated nuclear levels of ERK, AKT, NFκB, and FOXO3a. Five days of in vitro combination treatment using low doses (i.e., 5 to 10 nM) of each agent promoted early myeloid differentiation of MOLM13 and MOLM14 cells without noticeable cell killing. The combinatorial therapy demonstrated profound in vivo anti-leukemia efficacy in a human FLT3-mutated xenograft model. In an ongoing phase IB clinical trial the selinexor/sorafenib combination induced complete/partial remissions in six of 14 patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia, who had received a median of three prior therapies (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02530476). These results provide pre-clinical and clinical evidence for an effective combinatorial treatment strategy targeting XPO1 and FLT3 in FLT3- mutated acute myeloid leukemias.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Karyopherins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mutation
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Sorafenib/pharmacology
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charlie Ly
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jo Ishizawa
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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38
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and intractable malignancy with high mortality. This is due in part to a high resistance to chemotherapeutics and radiation treatment conferred by diverse regulatory mechanisms. Among these, constituents of the nuclear envelope play a significant role in regulating oncogenesis and pancreatic tumor biology, and this review focuses on three specific components and their roles in cancer. The LINC complex is a nuclear envelope component formed by proteins with SUN and KASH domains that interact in the periplasmic space of the nuclear envelope. These interactions functionally and structurally couple the cytoskeleton to chromatin and facilitates gene regulation informed by cytoplasmic activity. Furthermore, cancer cell invasiveness is impacted by LINC complex biology. The nuclear lamina is adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane of the nuclear envelope and can actively regulate chromatin in addition to providing structural integrity to the nucleus. A disrupted lamina can impart biophysical compromise to nuclear structure and function, as well as form dysfunctional micronuclei that may lead to genomic instability and chromothripsis. In close relationship to the nuclear lamina is the nuclear pore complex, a large megadalton structure that spans both outer and inner membranes of the nuclear envelope. The nuclear pore complex mediates bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport and is comprised of specialized proteins called nucleoporins that are overexpressed in many cancers and are diagnostic markers for oncogenesis. Furthermore, recent demonstration of gene regulatory functions for discrete nucleoporins independent of their nuclear trafficking function suggests that these proteins may contribute more to malignant phenotypes beyond serving as biomarkers. The nuclear envelope is thus a complex, intricate regulator of cell signaling, with roles in pancreatic tumorigenesis and general oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randolph S. Faustino
- Genetics and Genomics, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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Li Q, Zhang X, Wei N, Liu S, Ling Y, Wang H. p21-activated kinase 4 as a switch between caspase-8 apoptosis and NF-κB survival signals in response to TNF-α in hepatocarcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3003-3010. [PMID: 30149917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PAK4 is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and considered a promising candidate for therapeutic target. However, its functions remain poorly understood, especially in liver carcinogenesis which could be triggered by inflammation. In the present study, endogenous PAK4 was knockdown using siRNA in HepG2 and SK-Hep1 cells. The two cell lines performed reduced cell viability, altered cell cycle composed of decreased S and arrest in G2, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, expression of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei and caspase-8 activity did not show significant differences from control. However, after treating cells with TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine, we investigated repressed nuclear expression and localization of NF-κB p65, and induced apoptosis with increased caspase-8 activity in PAK4-knockdown cells. The findings revealed that ablation of PAK4 inhibited cell viability via blocking cell cycle and progressing apoptosis. The apoptosis was partially dependent upon caspase-8 concomitant with attenuated NF-κB survival signal due to stimulus of TNF-α. It suggests that PAK4 as target is a switch between caspase-8 apoptosis and NF-κB survival signals induced by TNF-α in hepatocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Pathological Department, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Na Wei
- Institute of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yaqin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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40
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Noruzi S, Azizian M, Mohammadi R, Hosseini SA, Rashidi B, Mohamadi Y, Nesaei A, Seiri P, Sahebkar A, Salarinia R, Aghdam AM, Mirzaei H. Micro-RNAs as critical regulators of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8694-8712. [PMID: 30132957 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is known to be one of the important factors associated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Several cellular and molecular targets are involved in the metastasis process. Among these targets, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play central roles in promoting cancer metastasis. MMPs could contribute toward tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion via degradation of the extracellular matrix and activation of pre-pro-growth factors. Therefore, identification of various cellular and molecular pathways that affect MMPs could contribute toward a better understanding of the metastatic pathways involved in various tumors. Micro-RNAs are important targets that could affect MMPs. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that deregulation of various micro-RNAs, including miR-9, Let-7, miR-10b, and miR-15b, affects metastasis of tumor cells via targeting MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Mitra Azizian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ftabaculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Seiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Arad Mobasher Aghdam
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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41
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Muqbil I, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Nuclear Export Inhibition for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E138. [PMID: 29735942 PMCID: PMC5977111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease that is resistant to most available therapeutics. Pancreatic cancer to date has no effective drugs that could enhance the survival of patients once their disease has metastasized. There is a need for the identification of novel actionable drug targets in this unusually recalcitrant cancer. Nuclear protein transport is an important mechanism that regulates the function of several tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) in a compartmentalization-dependent manner. High expression of the nuclear exporter chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM1) or exportin 1 (XPO1), a common feature of several cancers including pancreatic cancer, results in excessive export of critical TSPs to the incorrect cellular compartment, leading to their functional inactivation. Small molecule inhibitors of XPO1 can block this export, retaining very important and functional TSPs in the nucleus and leading to the effective killing of the cancer cells. This review highlights the current knowledge on the role of XPO1 in pancreatic cancer and how this serves as a unique and clinically viable target in this devastating and by far incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI 48221, USA.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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42
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Paradise BD, Barham W, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Targeting Epigenetic Aberrations in Pancreatic Cancer, a New Path to Improve Patient Outcomes? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050128. [PMID: 29710783 PMCID: PMC5977101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among all types of cancers. The disease is highly aggressive and typically diagnosed in late stage making it difficult to treat. Currently, the vast majority of therapeutic regimens have only modest curative effects, and most of them are in the surgical/neo-adjuvant setting. There is a great need for new and more effective treatment strategies in common clinical practice. Previously, pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer was attributed solely to genetic mutations; however, recent advancements in the field have demonstrated that aberrant activation of epigenetic pathways contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease. The identification of these aberrant activated epigenetic pathways has revealed enticing targets for the use of epigenetic inhibitors to mitigate the phenotypic changes driven by these cascades. These pathways have been found to be responsible for overactivation of growth signaling pathways and silencing of tumor suppressors and other cell cycle checkpoints. Furthermore, new miRNA signatures have been uncovered in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, further widening the window for therapeutic opportunity. There has been success in preclinical settings using both epigenetic inhibitors as well as miRNAs to slow disease progression and eliminate diseased tissues. In addition to their utility as anti-proliferative agents, the pharmacological inhibitors that target epigenetic regulators (referred to here as readers, writers, and erasers for their ability to recognize, deposit, and remove post-translational modifications) have the potential to reconfigure the epigenetic landscape of diseased cells and disrupt the cancerous phenotype. The potential to “reprogram” cancer cells to revert them to a healthy state presents great promise and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D Paradise
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Whitney Barham
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Martín E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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43
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Li YJ, Sun YX, Hao RM, Wu P, Zhang LJ, Ma X, Ma Y, Wang PY, Xie N, Xie SY, Chen W. miR-33a-5p enhances the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to celastrol by regulating mTOR signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1328-1338. [PMID: 29484434 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have recently become a popular focus of cancer research due to their ability to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In the present study, miR‑33a‑5p expression was identified to be downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma samples compared with normal, which suggested that miR‑33a‑5p may serve as a tumor suppressor gene. Transfection with miR‑33a‑5p mimics inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 and LTEP‑a‑2 cells and increased cellular apoptosis. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR‑33a‑5p targets the 3'‑untranslated region of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene. mTOR expression was decreased in A549 and LTEP‑a‑2 cells treated with miR‑33a‑5p mimics, as well as the expression of its downstream effectors phosphorylated (p)‑p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and p‑eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1). Following treatment with celastrol, miR‑33a‑5p expression was upregulated, and miR‑33a‑5p could enhance cellular sensitivity to celastrol. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of mTOR, p‑p70S6K and p‑4EBP1 decreased following celastrol treatment. These results suggested that mTOR was involved in the mechanism by which miR‑33a‑5p enhanced the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to celastrol. Furthermore, LTEP‑a‑2 cells were xenografted subcutaneously into nude mice, to examine the effect of celastrol and miR‑33a‑5p on the growth of LTEP‑a‑2 cells in vivo. The results demonstrated that tumor growth in the celastrol‑treated or miR‑33a‑5p‑treated group was attenuated compared with the control group. Notably, tumor growth in the combination treatment group was almost arrested after 2 weeks. In addition, celastrol upregulated the expression of miR‑33a‑5p, and high expression of miR‑33a‑5p inhibited mTOR and its downstream effectors. In summary, miR‑33a‑5p inhibited the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells, enhanced the antitumor effect of celastrol, and improved sensitivity to celastrol by targeting mTOR in lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Xiao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Min Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Pin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Chest Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology in Binzhou Medical University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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