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Cunningham‐Erves J, Mayo‐Gamble T, Campbell L, Barlow BC, Barajas C, Jones JL, Winkfield K. The Bidirectional Engagement and Equity (BEE) Research Framework to Guide Community-Academic Partnerships: Developed From a Narrative Review and Diverse Stakeholder Perspectives. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14161. [PMID: 39087753 PMCID: PMC11292665 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The engagement of community partners in equitable partnerships with academic teams is necessary to achieve health equity. However, there is no standardized approach to support bidirectional engagement among research stakeholders in the context of partnership equity at each phase of the research process. OBJECTIVE We describe the development of a systematic framework along with competencies and tools promoting bidirectional engagement and equity within community-academic partnerships at each phase of the research process. DESIGN We conducted a four-step research process between November 2020 and December 2023 for framework development: (1) a narrative literature review; (2) expansion of existing bidirectional, equitable framework; (3) a scientific review with two groups of cognitive interviews (five community engagement researchers and five community leaders and members); and (4) three community-based organization leader focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to analyse focus group data. RESULTS Using results of each step, the framework was iteratively developed, yielding four phases of the bidirectional engagement and equity (BEE) research framework: Relationship building and assessment of goals and resources (Phase I); form a community-academic partnership based on shared research interests (may include multilevel stakeholders) (Phase II); develop a research team comprising members from each partnering organization (Phase III); and implement the six-step equitable research process (Phase IV). Bidirectional learning and partnership principles are at the core of the partnership, particularly in Phases II-IV. Competencies and tools for conducting an equitable, engaged research process were provided. DISCUSSION This conceptual framework offers a novel, stepwise approach and competencies for community-academic partners to successfully partner and conduct the research process equitably. CONCLUSION The BEE research framework can be implemented to standardize the conduct of an equitable, engaged research process within a community-academic partnership, while improving knowledge and trust across partners and, ultimately, an increased return on investment and sustainability to benefit both partners in the area of health outcomes and ultimately health equity. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The development of this framework was co-led with a community organization in which two leaders in the organization were equitably involved in each phase of the research process, including grant development, study design, participant recruitment, protocol development for focus groups and community and researcher review, framework design and content and dissemination of this manuscript as a co-author. For grant development, the community leader completed the give-get grid components for them as a partner. They also wrote up their lived experience in the research process for the progress report. For the focus groups, one community leader co-led the focus group with the academic partner. For the narrative review, the community leaders did not actively conduct the narrative review but observed the process through the academic partners. One community leader wrote the section 'relationship building' and 'bidirectional learning' sections with the assistance of the academic partner, while they both equally provided input on other sections of the manuscript alongside academic partners. The community leaders have extensive experience in leading programmes, along with partnering with researchers to address health equity issues and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cunningham‐Erves
- Division of Public Health PracticeMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Health PolicyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUSA
| | - Tilicia Mayo‐Gamble
- Department Community Health Behavior and EducationGeorgia Southern UniversityStatesboroGeorgiaUSA
| | - LaNese Campbell
- Second Missionary Baptist Cooperative MinistriesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Claudia Barajas
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Karen Winkfield
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Meharry Vanderbilt AllianceNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Lin T, Allaire C, As-Sanie S, Stratton P, Vincent K, Adamson GD, Arendt-Nielsen L, Bush D, Jansen F, Longpre J, Rombauts L, Shah J, Toussaint A, Hummelshoj L, Missmer SA, Yong PJ. World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project: V. Physical examination standards in endometriosis research. Fertil Steril 2024; 122:304-315. [PMID: 38508508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The World Endometriosis Research Foundation established the Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project (EPHect) to create standardized documentation tools (with common data elements) to facilitate the comparison and combination of data across different research sites and studies. In 2014, 4 data research standards were published: clinician-reported surgical data, patient-reported clinical data, and fluid and tissue biospecimen collection. Our current objective is to create an EPHect standard for the clinician-reported physical examination (EPHect-PE) for research studies. DESIGN An international consortium involving 26 clinical and academic experts and patient partners from 11 countries representing 25 institutions and organizations. Two virtual workshops, followed by the development of the physical examination standards underwent multiple rounds of iterations and revisions. SUBJECTS N/A MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): N/A RESULT(S): The EPHect-PE tool provides standardized assessment of physical examination characteristics and pain phenotyping. Data elements involve examination of back and pelvic girdle; abdomen including allodynia and trigger points; vulva including provoked vestibulodynia; pelvic floor muscle tone and tenderness; tenderness on unidigital pelvic examination; presence of pelvic nodularity; uterine size and mobility; presence of adnexal masses; presence of incisional masses; speculum examination; tenderness and allodynia at an extra-pelvic site (e.g., forearm); and recording of anthropometrics. CONCLUSION(S) The EPHect-PE standards will facilitate the standardized documentation of the physical examination, including the assessment and documentation of examination phenotyping of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinya Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Allaire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sawsan As-Sanie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Katy Vincent
- Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G David Adamson
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF); Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Aalborg University Hospital, Mech-Sense, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Femke Jansen
- World Endometriosis Organisations (WEO); EndoHome - Endometriosis Association Belgium, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Longpre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luk Rombauts
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jay Shah
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abeesha Toussaint
- World Endometriosis Organisations (WEO); Trinidad and Tobago Endometriosis Association, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Stacey A Missmer
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF); Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Quigley M, McKenna C, Webb TL. Best practices for recruitment in veterinary clinical trials. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1418747. [PMID: 39086763 PMCID: PMC11288851 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1418747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A successful clinical trial requires participants, but many factors can impede effective study recruitment. To better recruit for quality veterinary clinical trials in client-owned animals that lead to improved evidence-based patient care and outcomes, there is a collective need to share and implement current best practices for recruitment strategies. These strategies should utilize a holistic view of recruitment, encompassing study design and logistics, representative participation, incentives, personnel resources, advertising, and participant retention. Although human clinical trial data and resources can provide guidance, effort also needs to be put into evaluating current practices and opportunities for process improvement that are specific to the conduct of veterinary clinical trials. Considering the power of pets as naturally occurring models of disease and as sentinels, improved conduct of veterinary clinical research has the potential to inform human health outcomes. Continued development of collaborations surrounding best practices and training opportunities in veterinary clinical research will improve the impact of veterinary clinical trials teams, while also promoting workforce development and alternate career paths for veterinary professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Quigley
- Veterinary Clinical Research Office, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Charly McKenna
- Clinical Studies, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L. Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Koricha ZB, Abraha YG, Ababulgu SA, Abraham G, Morankar S. Community engagement in research addressing infectious diseases of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: A qualitative systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003167. [PMID: 39008476 PMCID: PMC11249264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Though engaging communities in research processes has several advantages and implications, research efforts are poorly embedded in and linked with communities, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is also a need for more empirical evidence on effectively engaging communities in research in LMICs, specifically in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Thus, there is an urgent need to synthesize existing evidence on community engagement experiences in research in SSA. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesize the existing community engagement experiences and related barriers to engaging communities in health research focusing on infectious diseases of poverty in SSA. The systematic review was conducted following the JBI methodology for qualitative systematic reviews. The review included both published and unpublished studies. A thematic analysis approach was used for data synthesis. A total of 40 studies were included in the review. Community engagement in the conceptualization of the research project, analysis, dissemination, and interpretation of the result was rare. On top of this, almost all the research projects engaged the community at a lower level of engagement (i.e., informing or consulting the community at some point in the research process), suggesting the importance of integrating communities in the entire research cycle. The lack of shared control over the research by the community was one of the significant challenges mentioned. This review uncovered that community engagement in the research process is minimal. Nevertheless, the review generated valuable evidence that can inform researchers and research stakeholders to promote effective community engagement in the research process addressing infectious diseases of poverty. Despite these, it requires rigorous primary studies to examine the applicability and usefulness of community engagement, including developing valid metrics of engagement, standardizations of reporting community engagements, and views and understandings of communities and stakeholders on the values, expectations, and concepts of community engagement in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Evidence-Based Healthcare and Development Centre: a JBI Centre of Excellence, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Gebreyohannes Abraha
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Knowledge Translation Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopian Knowledge Translation Group for Health: a JBI Affiliated Group, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sabit Ababor Ababulgu
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Knowledge Translation Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopian Knowledge Translation Group for Health: a JBI Affiliated Group, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gelila Abraham
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Evidence-Based Healthcare and Development Centre: a JBI Centre of Excellence, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Health Policy & Management Department, Jimma Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sudhakar Morankar
- Public Health Faculty, Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Evidence-Based Healthcare and Development Centre: a JBI Centre of Excellence, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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White AJ, Kelly-Hedrick M, Miranda SP, Abdelbarr MM, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Pouratian N, Shen F, Nahed BV, Williamson T. Bioethics and Neurosurgery: An Overview of Existing and Emerging Topics for the Practicing Neurosurgeon. World Neurosurg 2024; 190:181-186. [PMID: 39004179 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Neurosurgery is a field with complex ethical issues. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of key and emerging ethical issues in neurosurgery with a focus on issues relevant to practicing neurosurgeons. These issues include those of informed consent, capacity, clinical trials, emerging neurotechnology, innovation, equity and justice, and emerging bioethics areas including community engagement and organizational ethics. We argue that bioethics can help neurosurgeons think about and address these issues, and, in turn, the field of bioethics can benefit from engagement by neurosurgeons. Several ideas for increasing engagement in bioethics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J White
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margot Kelly-Hedrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Stephen P Miranda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Nader Pouratian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Francis Shen
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theresa Williamson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ison JM, Jackson JD, Hemley H, Willis A, Siddiqi B, Macklin EA, Ulysse C, Fitts MS, Pham TTH, Afshari M, Agarwal P, Aminoff M, Bissonnette S, Fullard M, Khan TS, Larson DN, Wielinski C, Sanchez AV. Fostering Inclusivity in Research Engagement for Underrepresented Populations in Parkinson's Disease: The FIRE-UP PD study. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 144:107619. [PMID: 38971301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of vulnerable populations are underrepresented in Parkinson's disease (PD) research. A complex web of research barriers perpetuates this gap. Community-based research methods are one approach to addressing this issue. The present PD study was designed to examine the effectiveness of community-based interventions to overcome barriers and increase research participation among underrepresented groups (URGs). METHODS Eight study sites across the US were selected and paired based on proposed interventions with specific URGs. Surveys assessed knowledge and attitudes toward PD research. Finally, researchers examined whether the present study affected recruitment to Fox Insight, an online PD research study also recruiting at each site. RESULTS In total, 474 participants were recruited. At post-intervention for the FIRE-UP PD Study, recruitment increased significantly in intervention compared to control sites among Black and African American non-Hispanic/Latino populations (p = 0.003), White Hispanic/Latino (p = 0.003) populations, and Not Listed Hispanic/Latino populations (p < 0.001) as well as those with an educational attainment of a high school diploma/General Education Diploma (GED) (p = 0.009), and an income <$20,000 (p = 0.005) or between $20,000-$34,999 (p < 0.001). Study surveys measuring changes in awareness and attitudes toward PD research had mixed results. In Fox Insight, 181 participants were passively recruited with a shift toward more diverse participant demographics. CONCLUSION Research participation demographics reflective of the general population are critical to PD investigation and treatment. The FIRE-UP PD Study showed the effectiveness of localized community engagement strategies in increasing URG recruitment to PD research. Therefore, further PD research employing community-based methods to improve diverse participant recruitment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Ison
- University of California, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, Isla Vista, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jonathan D Jackson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen Hemley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Allison Willis
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bernadette Siddiqi
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation, 111 W. 33rd St, New York City, NY 10120, USA
| | - Eric A Macklin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine Ulysse
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Fitts
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB Libraries), 1700 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Tiffany T-H Pham
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mitra Afshari
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- Evergreen Health Care, 12040 NE 128th St, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA
| | - Michael Aminoff
- University of California San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephanie Bissonnette
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1201 E Marshall St #4-100, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Michelle Fullard
- University of Colorado Denver, 1201 Larimer St, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Tarannum S Khan
- Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL 33331, USA
| | | | - Catherine Wielinski
- Park Nicollet Struthers Parkinson's Center, 6701 Country Club Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55427, USA
| | - Angie V Sanchez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 104 E University Ave, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
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Kantor LM, Cruz N, Adams C, Akhimien C, Allibay Abdulkadir F, Battle C, Oluwayemi M, Salimon O, Won SH, Niraula S, Lassiter T. Black Women's Maternal Health: Insights From Community Based Participatory Research in Newark, New Jersey. Behav Med 2024; 50:224-231. [PMID: 37382100 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2226852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study on Black women's maternal health engaged a group of six community members in a community based participatory research project in a state with one of the largest racial disparities in maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity in the United States. The community members conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with other Black women who had given birth within the past 3 years to examine their experiences throughout the perinatal and post-partum period. Four main themes emerged: (1) challenges related to the structure of healthcare, including insurance gaps, long wait times, lack of co-location of services, and financial challenges for both insured and uninsured people; (2) negative experiences with healthcare providers, including dismissal of concerns, lack of listening, and missed opportunities for relationship building; (3) preference for racial concordance with providers and experiences with discrimination across multiple dimensions; and (4) mental health concerns and lack of social support. CBPR is a research methodology that could be more widely deployed to illuminate the experiences of community members in order to develop solutions to complex problems. The results indicate that Black women's maternal health will benefit from multi-level interventions with changes driven by insights from Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Cruz
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA
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Marshall L, Pasalic E, Mahoney M, Turner T, Sneegas K, Kittner DL. The National and State Tobacco Control Program: Overview of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Efforts to Address Commercial Tobacco Use. Prev Chronic Dis 2024; 21:E38. [PMID: 38815048 PMCID: PMC11155683 DOI: 10.5888/pcd21.230311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LaTisha Marshall
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, 4770 Buford Highway NE; Mailstop S107-7, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Emilia Pasalic
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Margaret Mahoney
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Katmai Government Services, Orlando, Florida
| | - Tiffany Turner
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karla Sneegas
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deirdre Lawrence Kittner
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Alshaikhi SA, Alamri AM, Alzilai IY, Alghanimi AA, Alrufaidi AM, Alrufaidi AM, Bader AE, Abdelmoniem AA, Alshaikh AA, Alshaikhi OA, Alshaikhi MA, Ghazy RM. Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence through a community-based screening initiative in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO946. [PMID: 38817391 PMCID: PMC11137795 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to identify prediabetic and diabetic patients using fasting blood sugar in Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia. Patients & methods: Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants aged 18 years and older. We measured anthropometric measures like waist circumference and body mass index. Results: A total of 332 participants were included in this study, 52.4% were female, 45.2% aged >50 years, 89.8% were Saudi, and 19.0% had been diagnosed with hypertension. Nearly a third (36.1%) of the participants were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 28.3% had impaired fasting glucose. Age and hypertension were significant predictors of diabetes. Conclusion: Early detection and intervention are crucial to reducing the diabetes epidemic in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ayoub Ali Alshaikh
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
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Anaya M, Law W, Montoya HL, Moreira CM. Discharge Interventions for Limited English Proficiency Patients: A Scoping Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02003-2. [PMID: 38639867 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited English proficiency patients are required under federal law to receive language-concordant care, yet they still receive substandard discharge instructions compared to English-speaking patients. We aimed to summarize the interventions carried out to improve discharge instructions in the limited English proficiency population. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of academic and gray literature from the United States using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for studies to improve discharge communication. RESULTS Of the 3330 studies, 19 studies met the criteria. Core types of interventions included written interventions alone, educational interventions alone, written and educational interventions, audio and visual interventions, and other types of interventions. Even among the same core types of interventions, there were differences in types of interventions, outcomes examined, and results. DISCUSSION The majority of included interventions that studied satisfaction as an outcome measure showed improvement, while the other outcomes were not improved or worsened. More rigorous methodology and community involvement are necessary to further analyze discharge interventions for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Anaya
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, APC 4, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - William Law
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, APC 4, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hannah L Montoya
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, APC 4, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Carla M Moreira
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, APC 4, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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Agurs-Collins T, Alvidrez J, ElShourbagy Ferreira S, Evans M, Gibbs K, Kowtha B, Pratt C, Reedy J, Shams-White M, Brown AG. Perspective: Nutrition Health Disparities Framework: A Model to Advance Health Equity. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100194. [PMID: 38616067 PMCID: PMC11031378 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disparities in nutrition, such as poor diet quality and inadequate nutrient intake, arise from multiple factors and are related to adverse health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The aim of the current perspective is to present a nutrition-centric socioecological framework that delineates determinants and factors that contribute to diet and nutrition-related disparities among disadvantaged populations. The Nutrition Health Disparities Framework (NHDF) describes the domains (biological, behavioral, physical/built environment, sociocultural environment, and healthcare system) that influence nutrition-related health disparities through the lens of each level of influence (that is, individual, interpersonal, community, and societal). On the basis of the scientific literature, the authors engaged in consensus decision making in selecting nutrition-related determinants of health within each domain and socioecological level when creating the NHDF. The framework identifies how neighborhood food availability and access (individual/built environment) intersect with cultural norms and practices (interpersonal/sociocultural environment) to influence dietary behaviors, exposures, and risk of diet-related diseases. In addition, the NHDF shows how factors such as genetic predisposition (individual/biology), family dietary practices (interpersonal/behavioral), and food marketing policies (societal) may impact the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages and increase chronic disease risk. Family and peer norms (interpersonal/behavior) related to breastfeeding and early childhood nutrition interact with resource-poor environments such as lack of access to preventive healthcare settings (societal/healthcare system) and low usage of federal nutrition programs (societal/behavioral), which may increase risk of poor nutrition during childhood and food insecurity. The NHDF describes the synergistic interrelationships among factors at different levels of the socioecological model that influence nutrition-related outcomes and exacerbate health disparities. The framework is a useful resource for nutrition researchers, practitioners, food industry leaders, and policymakers interested in improving diet-related health outcomes and promoting health equity in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Agurs-Collins
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | | | - Sanae ElShourbagy Ferreira
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Clinical Innovation, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary Evans
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberlea Gibbs
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Extramural Research, Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Charlotte Pratt
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jill Reedy
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marissa Shams-White
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alison Gm Brown
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Remmers CA, Conroy MM, Korom BM, Malloy ME, Sieracki R, Fairbanks SL, Nelson DA. Anesthesiologists and Community Engagement: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:794-803. [PMID: 38009932 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Millions of individuals require anesthesia services each year. Although anesthesia-associated mortality rates have declined, anesthetic-related morbidity remains high, particularly among vulnerable populations. Disparities in perioperative screening, optimization, surveillance, and follow-up contribute to worse outcomes in these populations. Community-engaged collaborations may be the essential ingredient needed for anesthesiologists to improve disparities in anesthetic outcomes and prioritize the needs of patients and communities. This scoping review seeks to examine the available literature on community engagement among anesthesiologists to identify gaps and seek opportunities for future work. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched to identify sources that used or recognized community-engaged strategies and involved the work of anesthesiologists. Sources were selected based on inclusion criteria and consistent data were extracted from each paper for compilation in a data chart. The initial search generated 1230 articles of which 16 met criteria for inclusion in the review. An updated search of the literature and reference scan of included sources resulted in 7 additional articles being included. The sources were grouped according to overarching themes and methods used and ultimately categorized according to the spectrum of public participation developed by the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2). This spectrum includes 5 levels: inform, consult, involve, collaborate, and empower. This review identified 5 sources at the inform level, 8 studies in consult, 0 in involve, 7 in collaborate, and 3 in empower. Results indicate that most initiatives representing deeper levels of community engagement, at the collaborate or empower level, occur internationally. Efforts that occur in the United States tend to emphasize engagement of individual patients rather than communities. There is a need to pursue deeper, more meaningful community-engaged efforts within the field of anesthesiology at a local and national level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rita Sieracki
- From the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stacy L Fairbanks
- Department of Obstetric Anesthesia, Advocate Aurora Sinai Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David A Nelson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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13
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Van LH, Nguyen VT, Le TTT, Thanh TNT, Nghi LVT, Van NH, Huong VTQ, Chambers M, Thuong NTT. Engagement of a community advisory group to shape and build up participation in TB research. Public Health Action 2024; 14:7-13. [PMID: 38798783 PMCID: PMC11122704 DOI: 10.5588/pha.23.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is essential that communities at risk from TB are involved in TB research. Community advisory groups (CAGs) are one mechanism for involving communities in research and creating platforms for discussions between researchers and community members. We organised a CAG meeting with community members and people with lived experience in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to explore the community's knowledge about TB and their perspectives on different diagnostic tests in Vietnam, a low-middle-income country with a high TB burden. Researchers shared basic information and addressed questions about TB. CAG members commented on preference of TB screening tests, and suggested that chest X-rays and blood tests were more acceptable than sputum tests because of the difficulty in sputum expectoration. In addition, clinical studies that required fewer visits to the hospitals would be preferred, even if this meant a greater reliance on blood sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V T Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T T T Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T N T Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - L V T Nghi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - N H Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V T Q Huong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M Chambers
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - N T T Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Gallagher KA, Mills JL, Armstrong DG, Conte MS, Kirsner RS, Minc SD, Plutzky J, Southerland KW, Tomic-Canic M. Current Status and Principles for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in the Cardiovascular Patient Population: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e232-e253. [PMID: 38095068 PMCID: PMC11067094 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the known higher risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology and optimal management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a leading complication associated with diabetes, is complex and continues to evolve. Complications of type 2 diabetes, such as DFUs, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and the leading cause of major lower extremity amputation in the United States. There has recently been a strong focus on the prevention and early treatment of DFUs, leading to the development of multidisciplinary diabetic wound and amputation prevention clinics across the country. Mounting evidence has shown that, despite these efforts, amputations associated with DFUs continue to increase. Furthermore, due to increasing patient complexity of management secondary to comorbid conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, the management of peripheral artery disease associated with DFUs has become increasingly difficult, and care delivery is often episodic and fragmented. Although structured, process-specific approaches exist at individual institutions for the management of DFUs in the cardiovascular patient population, there is insufficient awareness of these principles in the general medicine communities. Furthermore, there is growing interest in better understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of DFUs to better define personalized medicine to improve outcomes. The goals of this scientific statement are to provide salient background information on the complex pathogenesis and current management of DFUs in cardiovascular patients, to guide therapeutic and preventive strategies and future research directions, and to inform public policy makers on health disparities and other barriers to improving and advancing care in this expanding patient population.
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Nankya H, Wamala E, Alibu VP, Barugahare J. Community engagement in genetics and genomics research: a qualitative study of the perspectives of genetics and genomics researchers in Uganda. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38166828 PMCID: PMC10763360 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, there is unanimity about the value of community engagement in health-related research. There is also a growing tendency to view genetics and genomics research (GGR) as a special category of research, the conduct of which including community engagement (CE) as needing additional caution. One of the motivations of this study was to establish how differently if at all, we should think about CE in GGR. AIM To assess the perspectives of genetics and genomics researchers in Uganda on CE in GGR. METHOD A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted at Makerere University and Uganda Virus Research Institute. Twenty-five individuals participated, the majority being male (sixteen). Participants included nineteen genetics and genomics researchers (researchers and research coordinators), two CE officers, three nurses and one nursing counsellor. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed in a thematic manner using NVivo version 12 Plus. STUDY FINDINGS Thirteen of the respondents had conducted CE in their GGR in either a geographical and disease-specific community. Some respondents said CE principles are the same and there is no need for special consideration for CE in GGR. Others gave ethical issues in GGR that require special consideration for CE in such research and these were categorized into six themes: GGR is new to communities, Difficulty in communicating GGR by the researchers, Genes are shared in communities, Cultural sensitivities against GGR, Community attitude toward GGR, Some GGR studies take long to end, and Negotiation of research benefits. Special considerations for CE when conducting GGR were suggested and categorized into seven themes: creating awareness of GGR in communities, obtaining both community acceptance and individual consent, CE team composition, involve communities in solving GGR challenges, prolong CE in some GGR, develop guidelines for CE in GGR, and legal considerations on GGR. CONCLUSION GGR was characterized by special issues that require special CE considerations for such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Nankya
- Department of Philosophy, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Edward Wamala
- Department of Philosophy, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Vincent Pius Alibu
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Barugahare
- Department of Philosophy, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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James AS, Nodora J, Maki J, Harlow BL, Low LK, Coyne-Beasley T, Cunningham SD, El-Fahmawi A, Klusaritz H, Lipman TH, Simon M, Hebert-Beirne J. Building Community Engagement Capacity in a Transdisciplinary Population Health Research Consortium. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND SCHOLARSHIP 2024; 16:10. [PMID: 39055611 PMCID: PMC11271685 DOI: 10.54656/jces.v16i2.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Community engagement has been named a research priority by the National Institutes of Health, and scholars are calling for community engagement as an approach to address racism and equity in science. Robust community-engaged research can improve research quality, increase inclusion of traditionally marginalized populations, broaden the impact of findings on real-life situations, and is particularly valuable for underexplored research topics. The goal of this paper is to describe lessons learned and best practices that emerged from community engagement in a multi-institution population health research consortium. We describe how a foundation was laid to enable community-engaged research activities in the consortium, using a staged and stepped process to build and embed multi-level community-engaged research approaches.. We staged our development to facilitate (a) awareness of community engagement among consortium members, (b) the building of solidarity and alliances, and (c) the initiation of long-term engagement to allow for meaningful research translation. Our stepped process involved strategic planning; building momentum; institutionalizing engagement into the consortium infrastructure; and developing, implementing, and evaluating a plan. We moved from informal, one-time community interactions to systematic, formalized, capacity-building reciprocal engagement. We share our speed bumps and troubleshooting that inform our recommendations for other large research consortia-including investing the time it takes to build up community engagement capacity, acknowledging and drawing on strengths of the communities of interest, assuring a strong infrastructure of accountability for community engagement, and grounding the work in anti-racist principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee S James
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jesse Nodora
- University of California-San Diego, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Julia Maki
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bernard L Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Kane Low
- School of Nursing, Women's Studies, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tamera Coyne-Beasley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shayna D Cunningham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Ayah El-Fahmawi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heather Klusaritz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Terri H Lipman
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Melissa Simon
- 17Division of General Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeni Hebert-Beirne
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, IL
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Freedman S, de-Madaria E, Bruckert E, Löhr M, Rebours V, Jandhyala R. Observed consensus on research priorities for the hypertriglyceridemia patient registry. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:1629-1635. [PMID: 37428680 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2235153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Priority setting in health research has been described as essential due to disparities within and between countries and populations. Commercial benefits to the pharmaceutical industry may increase the generation and use of regulatory Real-World Evidence which has recently been reported in the literature. Research must be steered by valuable priorities. This study's objective is to identify key gaps in the knowledge of triglyceride-induced acute pancreatitis by generating a list of potential research priorities for a Hypertriglyceridemia Patient Registry. METHOD The Jandhyala Method was used to observe the consensus of expert opinion from ten specialist clinicians in the treatment of triglyceride-induced acute pancreatitis across the US and EU. RESULTS Ten participants completed the consensus round of the Jandhyala method and generated 38 unique items which they all agreed with. The items were included in the generation of research priorities for a hypertriglyceridemia patient registry and presented a novel application of the Jandhyala method for the development of research questions, in aid of the validation of a core dataset. CONCLUSION The TG-IAP core dataset and research priorities combined can develop a globally harmonized framework where TG-IAP patients can be observed simultaneously using the same set of indicators. This will increase knowledge of the disease and facilitate higher-quality research by addressing issues related to incomplete data sets in observational studies. Furthermore, validation of new tools will be enabled, and diagnosis and monitoring will be improved as well as the detection of changes in disease severity and subsequent disease progression, improving the management of patients with TG-IAP overall. This will inform personalized patient management plans and improve patient outcomes along with their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Freedman
- The Pancreas Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enrique de-Madaria
- Gastroenterology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Isabial, Spain
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Endocrinology and prevention of cardiovascular disease department in Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Pancreatology and Digestive Oncology Department, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Clichy, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Ravi Jandhyala
- Medialis Ltd, England, UK
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Medicine Research, King's College University, London, UK
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Johnston B, Ruffalo L, Nelson D, O'Connor S, Young S. Foundations of Community Engagement: A Series for Effective Community-Engaged Research. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2023; 19:11350. [PMID: 37822302 PMCID: PMC10562524 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Medical students lack systematic exposure to community engagement. Community-engaged research (CEnR) is an effective approach to improve community health, and community-engaged physicians are better attuned to the community context of their patients' health and well-being. The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) Office of Community Engagement began offering the educational series Foundations of Community Engagement in 2021 to meet this need. Methods We developed and implemented a four-session series for medical students at MCW and the University of Nebraska Medical Center. A 1-hour session on the foundations of CEnR was held for all learners. Three 1-hour sessions dove deeper into CEnR principles for a self-selected cohort. These small-group sessions involved discussion between faculty and community partners and facilitated small-group discussion. Students completed evaluations after each session. Results A total of 160 students participated in the introductory session; 36 took part in the follow-up series. Survey response rates varied from 38% to 67% for each session. Overall, 87% of students in all sessions felt their session was worthwhile, with 85% of large-group and 96% of small-group respondents reporting they learned something they would use in their practice or profession. Qualitative responses included appreciation for addressing a curricular gap and desire for more time and more sessions to continue discussions. Discussion The program was effective at stimulating medical student self-reported gains in skills, attitudes, and future intentions regarding CEnR in an efficient manner. Effective programs that transfer positive CEnR skills and attitudes to future physicians can promote CEnR within academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Johnston
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Leslie Ruffalo
- Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - David Nelson
- Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Sarah O'Connor
- Program Director, Office of Community Engagement, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Staci Young
- Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Director, Office of Community Engagement, and Senior Associate Dean for Community Engagement, Medical College of Wisconsin
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Naing C, Htet NH, Tung WS, Aung HH, Whittaker MA. Facilitators and barriers to engaging communities in health service research on dengue control in Indo-Pacific region: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1924. [PMID: 37798703 PMCID: PMC10552252 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a public health problem in the Indo-Pacific countries. There are concerns over the facilitators and barriers to community engagement in health service research aimed at dengue control. The objective of his study was to identify and synthesize facilitators and barriers to community engagement in health service research aimed at dengue control. METHODOLOGY The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist was used to perform this review. Health-related databases including PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. A consolidated framework with five domains was developed after undertaking a six-phase reflective thematic assessment of the data. RESULTS Thirteen studies were identified, spanning eight low-and middle-income countries of the Indo-Pacific region including Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The studies in this review covered the period from 2002 to 2021. A broad range of study designs and objectives were revealed across these 13 studies. An array of communities such as the local government, project-related health staff, local health services staff, community leaders, local communities/residences/general public, heads of households, community health volunteers, school teachers, and schoolchildren participated in these dengue related studies. The five Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains of 'intervention characteristics', 'inner setting', 'outer setting',' individual characteristics', and 'program implementations' were used to identify and describe barriers and facilitators. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate a range of barriers and facilitators to community engagement in dengue control in the selected LMIC in the Indo-Pacific countries. Future health services research on dengue control approaches should be carefully planned, methodologically constructed, aligned with community engagement principles, and involve considerable community participation at all stages of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Norah Htet Htet
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wong Siew Tung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Htar Htar Aung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maxine A Whittaker
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
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Wilson-Mendenhall CD, Holmes KJ. Lab Meets World: the Case for Use-Inspired Basic Research in Affective Science. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:591-599. [PMID: 37744977 PMCID: PMC10514004 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We join others in envisioning a future for affective science that addresses society's most pressing needs. To move toward this vision, we consider a research paradigm that emerged in other disciplines: use-inspired basic research. This paradigm transcends the traditional basic-applied dichotomy, which pits the basic goal of fundamental scientific understanding against the applied goal of use in solving social problems. In reality, these goals are complementary, and use-inspired basic research advances them simultaneously. Here, we build a case for use-inspired basic research-how it differs from traditional basic science and why affective scientists should engage in it. We first examine how use-inspired basic research challenges problematic assumptions of a strict basic-applied dichotomy. We then discuss how it is consistent with advances in affective science that recognize context specificity as the norm and consider ethical issues of use being a complementary goal. Following this theoretical discussion, we differentiate the implementation of use-inspired basic research from that of traditional basic science. We draw on examples from recent research to illustrate differences: social problems as a starting point, stakeholder and community engagement, and integration of research and service. In conclusion, we invite affective scientists to embrace the "lab meets world" perspective of use-inspired basic research as a promising pathway to real-world impact.
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Farley E, Okeibunor J, Balde T, Donkor IO, Kleynhans J, Wamala JF, Kaboré NF, Balam S, Chamla D, Braka F, Subissi L, Herring B, Whelan MG, Bergeri I, Lewis HC. Short communication-Lessons learnt during the implementation of Unity-aligned SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in Africa. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13170. [PMID: 37621920 PMCID: PMC10445334 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO Unity Studies initiative engaged low- and middle-income countries in the implementation of standardised SARS-CoV-2 sero-epidemiological investigation protocols and timely sharing of comparable results for evidence-based action. To gain a deeper understanding of the methodological challenges faced when conducting seroprevalence studies in the African region, we conducted unstructured interviews with key study teams in five countries. We discuss the challenges identified: participant recruitment and retention, sampling, sample and data management, data analysis and presentation. Potential solutions to aid future implementation include preparedness actions such as the development of new tools, robust planning and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Farley
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Joseph Okeibunor
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Thierno Balde
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Irene Owusu Donkor
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana
| | - Jackie Kleynhans
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Saidou Balam
- University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto‐StomatologyUniversity of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of BamakoBamakoMali
| | - Dick Chamla
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | | | - Belinda Herring
- World Health Organization, Africa Regional OfficeBrazzavilleRepublic of the Congo
| | - Mairead G. Whelan
- SeroTracker, Centre for Health Informatics, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Isabel Bergeri
- World Health Organization, Head QuartersGenevaSwitzerland
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Zulu VC, Syakalima M, Ali J. Ethical dimensions of zoonotic disease research: Perspectives of traditional livestock keepers in Zambia. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:201. [PMID: 37496727 PMCID: PMC10366554 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17962.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: With the increase in zoonotic disease research using livestock belonging to traditional livestock keepers (LKs) as research subjects, careful attention to both animal and livestock keeper interests is critically important in Zambia and other similar contexts. Methods: The study aimed to explore ethics-related challenges during zoonotic disease research among LKs where their livestock are included as research subjects. The study was implemented in the Southern province of Zambia in July 2020. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 30 adult male LKs living in livestock-wildlife interface areas where zoonotic diseases are likely to occur, were carried out. The FGDs were done in the local language and audio recorded. Thematic analysis was done using field notes and translated and transcribed recorded interviews. Results: The study found that trust between the researchers and LKs when their livestock are used as research subjects was very cardinal and depended on the continual presence of the local veterinary assistant (VA) during the conduct of research. Conclusions: The LKs could be considered a vulnerable population when their livestock were used as research subjects as, being resource poor, they were looking to researchers to provide benefits yet not fully understanding the research, and thus did not worry so much about consent procedures, bringing into question the validity of the oral consent obtained. The study also found that opportunities to strengthen trust and enhance the research experience could be exploited by researchers conducting research that is locally relevant and desired, being aware of procedural preferences for entering into livestock keeping communities, adequate disclosure of research procedures, respecting conventions and traditional cultural beliefs, and returning results of research. The findings of this study can be used by both researchers as they carry-out zoonotic disease research and by Research Ethics Committees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chisha Zulu
- Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Michelo Syakalima
- Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O Box 32379, Lusaka, Lusaka, 10101, Zambia
| | - Joseph Ali
- International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Marzan-Rodríguez M, Muniz-Rodriguez K, Morales LM, Martínez IS, Torres-Borrero N, Castro-Figueroa EM. Epidemiological intelligence community network intervention: a community response for COVID-19 community transmission. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1044. [PMID: 37264399 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanding and providing access to early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through testing community-based strategies among socially vulnerable communities (SVC) are critical to reducing health disparities. The Epidemiological Intelligence Community Network (EpI-Net) community-based intervention sought to increase coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) testing uptake and prevention practices among SVC in Puerto Rico (PR). We evaluated EpI-Net's community leaders' capacity-building component by assessing pre-post COVID-19 public health workshops' tests' score changes and satisfaction among trained community leaders. METHODS A total of 24 community leaders from SVC in PR have completed four community workshops. Pre- and post-assessments were completed as part of the health promotors training program to evaluate participants' tests score changes and satisfaction outcomes. RESULTS Preliminary results showed: (1) high intervention retention levels of community leaders (85.7% acceptance rate); (2) change in post-test scores for community engagement strategies (p = 0.012); (3) change in post-test educational scores in COVID-19 prevention practices (p = 0.014); and (4) a change in scores in public health emergency management strategies (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The overall workshop satisfaction was 99.6%. Community leaders have shown the importance of community capacity building as a key component for intervention feasibility and impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION Our study was retrospectively registered under the ClinicalTrial.gov ID NCT04910542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marzan-Rodríguez
- Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luisa M Morales
- Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
| | - Iris S Martínez
- Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Eida M Castro-Figueroa
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, Puerto Rico
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Padela AI, Azam L, Murrar S, Baqai B. Muslim American physicians' experiences with, and views on, religious discrimination and accommodation in academic medicine. Health Serv Res 2023; 58:733-743. [PMID: 36815275 PMCID: PMC10154159 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess Muslim physician experiences with religious discrimination and identify strategies for better accommodating Muslim identity in health care. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING Interviews were conducted with Muslim physicians from three US-based Muslim clinician organizations between June and August 2021. STUDY DESIGN In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews used a phenomenological approach to describe experiences of religious discrimination and accommodation. A team-based framework approach to coding was used to inductively generate themes from interview data. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Physicians from the Islamic Medical Association of North America, American Muslim Health Professionals, and the US Muslim Physicians group were invited to participate using closed organizational listservs. Inclusion criteria sought English-speaking, self-identifying Muslims with current or past affiliation with a university hospital in the United States. Potential participants were segmented into groups based on responses to questions about perceived religious discrimination and accommodation. Purposive sampling was used to iteratively approach participants within these groups in order to capture a diverse respondent pool. Interviews stopped after thematic saturation was reached. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Eighteen physicians (11 women and 7 men; mean age: 41.5 [standard deviation = 12.91] years) were interviewed. Nearly all (n = 16) held Islam to be important in their lives. Three overarching themes, with several subthemes, emerged. Participants (1) struggled to maintain religious practices and observances due to unaccommodating organizational structures; (2) experienced religious discrimination, which, in turn, impacted their professional trajectories and, at times, their personal well-being; and (3) believed that institutions could implement specific educational and policy interventions to advance the religious accommodation of Muslims in health care. CONCLUSIONS Muslim physicians frequently encounter religious discrimination, yet there are concrete ways in which health care workplaces can better accommodate their religious needs and combat discrimination. To improve workforce diversity, equity, and inclusion, educational forums and policies that support the religious practices of physicians need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasim I. Padela
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Initiative on Islam and MedicineBrookfieldWisconsinUSA
| | - Laila Azam
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Initiative on Islam and MedicineBrookfieldWisconsinUSA
| | - Sohad Murrar
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Initiative on Islam and MedicineBrookfieldWisconsinUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Benish Baqai
- Department of Emergency MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Initiative on Islam and MedicineBrookfieldWisconsinUSA
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Gooden A, Thaldar D. Toward an open access genomics database of South Africans: ethical considerations. Front Genet 2023; 14:1166029. [PMID: 37260770 PMCID: PMC10228717 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1166029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomics research holds the potential to improve healthcare. Yet, a very low percentage of the genomic data used in genomics research internationally relates to persons of African origin. Establishing a large-scale, open access genomics database of South Africans may contribute to solving this problem. However, this raises various ethics concerns, including privacy expectations and informed consent. The concept of open consent offers a potential solution to these concerns by (a) being explicit about the research participant's data being in the public domain and the associated privacy risks, and (b) setting a higher-than-usual benchmark for informed consent by making use of the objective assessment of prospective research participants' understanding. Furthermore, in the South African context-where local culture is infused with Ubuntu and its relational view of personhood-community engagement is vital for establishing and maintaining an open access genomics database of South Africans. The South African National Health Research Ethics Council is called upon to provide guidelines for genomics researchers-based on open consent and community engagement-on how to plan and implement open access genomics projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gooden
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Donrich Thaldar
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology and Bioethics, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Mthembu Z, Mogaka JJO, Chimbari MJ. Community engagement processes in low- and middle-income countries health research settings: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:457. [PMID: 37158864 PMCID: PMC10169489 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Engagement is an important ethical imperative in research. Although substantial research emphasizes its real value and strategic importance, much of the available literature focuses primarily on the success of community participation, with little emphasis given to specific community engagement processes, mechanisms and strategies in relation to intended outcomes in research environments. The systematic literature review's objective was to explore the nature of community engagement processes, strategies and approaches in health research settings in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS The systematic literature review design was informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched for peer-reviewed, English-language literature published between January 2011 and December 2021 through three databases on the internet (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar). The terms "community engagement," "community involvement," "participation," "research settings," and "low- and middle-income countries" were merged in the search. RESULTS The majority of publications [8/10] were led by authors from low- and middle-income countries, with many of them, [9/10] failing to continuously include important aspects of study quality. Even though consultation and information sessions were less participatory, articles were most likely to describe community engagement in these types of events. The articles covered a wide range of health issues, but the majority were concerned with infectious diseases such as malaria, human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis, followed by studies on the environment and broader health factors. Articles were largely under-theorized. CONCLUSIONS Despite the lack of theoretical underpinnings for various community engagement processes, strategies and approaches, community engagement in research settings was variable. Future studies should go deeper into community engagement theory, acknowledge the power dynamics underpin community engagement, and be more practical about the extent to which communities may participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinhle Mthembu
- University of KwaZulu-Natal. College of Health Science, School of Nursing and Public Health, Howard College, 269 Mazisi Kunene Road, Berea, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anthropology and Development Studies, University of Zululand, 1 Main Road, Vulindlela, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa.
| | - John J O Mogaka
- University of KwaZulu-Natal. College of Health Science, School of Nursing and Public Health, Howard College, 269 Mazisi Kunene Road, Berea, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Moses J Chimbari
- University of KwaZulu-Natal. College of Health Science, School of Nursing and Public Health, Howard College, 269 Mazisi Kunene Road, Berea, Durban, 4041, South Africa
- Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, P.O. Box 1234, Zimbabwe
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Langridge FC, 'Ofanoa M, Hamm L, Fakakovikaetau T, Wilkinson-Meyers L, Percival T, Grant CC. Investigating the health status of primary school children in Tonga: Lessons learnt and reflections on field work in the Pacific Islands. J Paediatr Child Health 2023. [PMID: 37126435 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the child health focus has been on reducing under-5-year mortality, with large populations in low-resource regions prioritised. Children in older age groups, particularly in less populated regions such as the Pacific, have received limited attention. Child health research in the Pacific region has been lacking, and research approaches for the region have historically been from Western biomedical paradigms. We completed the study of primary school children's health over a period of 5 years. Firstly, we conducted a literature review, then we completed an audit of hospital admissions of primary school children, then we completed a two-round Delphi process and finally, we piloted the survey in three primary schools. Our results found there were high levels of oral health problems, ear health, obesity and exposure to violence and poverty impacting on the quality of health of primary school-age children. Identifying these indicators was made possible by the partnerships and trust established by the study team and provides specific and measurable targets for future work to improve the quality of child health outcomes. This paper describes key field work lessons learnt for research in the Pacific region. It must: (i) be on the platform of relationship, cultural safety and local ownership; (ii) include consideration of holistic Pacific paradigms of health; (iii) be adaptive to the context and environment; and (iv) be committed to long-term partnership and work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Langridge
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Malakai 'Ofanoa
- Department of Pacific Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Hamm
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Teuila Percival
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kumpf VJ, Neumann ML, Kakani SR. Advocating for a patient- and family centered care approach to management of short bowel syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38 Suppl 1:S35-S45. [PMID: 37115033 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient- and family centered care (PFCC) is a model of providing healthcare that incorporates the preferences, needs, and values of the patient and their family and is built on a solid partnership between the healthcare team and patient/family. This partnership is critical in short bowel syndrome (SBS) management since the condition is rare, chronic, involves a heterogenous population, and calls for a personalized approach to care. Institutions can facilitate the practice of PFCC by supporting a teamwork approach to care, which, in the case of SBS, ideally involves a comprehensive intestinal rehabilitation program consisting of qualified healthcare practitioners who are supported with the necessary resources and budget. Clinicians can engage in a range of processes to center patients and families in the management of SBS, including fostering whole-person care, building partnerships with patients and families, cultivating communication, and providing information effectively. Empowering patients to self-manage important aspects of their condition is an important component of PFCC and can enhance coping to chronic disease. Therapy nonadherence represents a breakdown in the PFCC approach to care, especially when nonadherence is sustained, and the healthcare provider is intentionally misled. An individualized approach to care that incorporates patient/family priorities should ultimately enhance therapy adherence. Lastly, patients/families should play a central role in determining meaningful outcomes as it relates to PFCC and shaping the research that affects them. This review highlights needs and priorities of patients with SBS and their families and suggests ways to address gaps in existing care to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Kumpf
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Programs, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marie L Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska, Omaha, USA
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Rimmler SM, Shaughnessy S, Tatum E, Muhammad N, Hawkins S, Lightfoot A, White-Williamson S, Woods CG. Photovoice Reveals Residents' Concerns for Air and Water Quality in Industry-Impacted Rural Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095656. [PMID: 37174182 PMCID: PMC10178614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rural communities of color in the southeastern U.S. experience a high burden of environmental hazards from concentrated industry placement. Community-engaged research and qualitative methods can improve our understanding of meaning-making in a community impacted by polluting facilities. This study applies the photovoice method to assess how a predominantly African American community in rural North Carolina, impacted by a landfill and confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), perceives their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Two research questions were developed with community-based partners: (a) How do environmental health concerns in this community influence residents' perceptions of their HRQoL? and (b) How do community and county factors facilitate or inhibit community organizing around these concerns? Three photo assignment sessions were held to engage participants in discussions related to the research questions. Researchers analyzed discussion audio recordings and identified themes related to concerns about the following issues: health and quality of life, the landfill industry's influence on community cohesion and self-determination, and actions to address environmental injustice in Sampson County. Photovoice benefits community-engaged researchers by providing a process for assessing the research interests of a community. Photovoice also serves community organizers by providing residents with a structured way to discuss their lived experiences and strategize ways to reduce hazard exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby M Rimmler
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Ellis Tatum
- Independent Researcher, Snow Hill, NC 28580, USA
| | - Naeema Muhammad
- North Carolina Environmental Justice Network, Raleigh, NC 27612, USA
| | - Shaelyn Hawkins
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alexandra Lightfoot
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Courtney G Woods
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Quiñones MM, Silva C, Ross C, Sörensen S, Serrano R, Van Orden K, Heffner K. Recruiting Socially Disconnected Latinos Caring for a Person with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37005703 PMCID: PMC10542654 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2197895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to present conceptual and methodological challenges to recruitment strategies in enrolling socially disconnected middle-aged and older Latino caregivers of a loved one with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). METHODS Middle-aged and older Latino ADRD caregivers were recruited into two early stage, intervention development studies during the COVID-19 pandemic via online or in-person methods. Recruitment criteria included Latino ADRD caregivers over the age of 40 reporting elevated loneliness on the UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale (LS) during screening. RESULTS Middle-aged, Latino caregivers were recruited predominantly from online methods whereas older caregivers were mostly recruited from in-person methods. We report challenges identifying socially disconnected Latino caregivers using the UCLA 3-item LS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previously reported disparities in recruitment by age and language and suggest further methodological considerations to assess social disconnection among Latino caregivers. We discuss recommendations to overcome these challenges in future research. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Socially disconnected Latino ADRD caregivers have an elevated risk for poor mental health outcomes. Successful recruitment of this population in clinical research will ensure the development of targeted and culturally sensitive interventions to improve the mental health and overall well-being of this marginalized group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Quiñones
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Carmona Ross
- Warner School of Education and Human Development, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Silvia Sörensen
- Warner School of Education and Human Development, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Van Orden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kathi Heffner
- Elaine C. Hubbard Center for Nursing Research on Aging School of Nursing, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
- Division of Geriatrics & Aging Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
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Ignacio M, Oesterle S, Mercado M, Carver A, Lopez G, Wolfersteig W, Ayers S, Ki S, Hamm K, Parthasarathy S, Berryhill A, Evans L, Sabo S, Doubeni C. Narratives from African American/Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Hispanic/Latinx community members in Arizona to enhance COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination uptake. J Behav Med 2023; 46:140-152. [PMID: 35322313 PMCID: PMC8942760 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The state of Arizona has experienced one of the highest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positivity test rates in the United States with disproportionally higher case rates and deaths among African-American/Black (AA/B), American Indian/Alaska Native (Native), and Hispanic/Latinx (HLX) individuals. To reduce disparities and promote health equity, researchers from Arizona State University, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Northern Arizona University, and the University of Arizona formed a partnership with community organizations to conduct state-wide community-engaged research and outreach. This report describes results from 34 virtually-held focus groups and supplemental survey responses conducted with 153 AA/B, HLX, and Native community members across Arizona to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and confidence. Focus groups revealed common themes of vaccine hesitancy stemming from past experiences of research abuses (e.g., Tuskegee syphilis experiment) as well as group-specific factors. Across all focus groups, participants strongly recommended the use of brief, narrative vaccination testimonials from local officials, community members, and faith leaders to increase trust in science, vaccine confidence and to promote uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Ignacio
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA.
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Micaela Mercado
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Ann Carver
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Gilberto Lopez
- School of Transborder Studies, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Wolfersteig
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Stephanie Ayers
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Seol Ki
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Kathryn Hamm
- Southwest Interdiciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, University Center, 411 N Central Ave #800, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Sairam Parthasarathy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam Berryhill
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Linnea Evans
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha Sabo
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Chyke Doubeni
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Naing C, Tung WS, Htet NH, Aung HH, Whittaker MA. Community engagement in health services research on soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Asia Pacific region: Systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001694. [PMID: 36963099 PMCID: PMC10032488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The research question was what studies are available that have assessed community engagement in the health services research on soil-transmitted helminths? We aimed to synthesise evidence on how communities were engaged in health services research on soil-transmitted helminths in low-and-middle-income countries of the Asia-Pacific Region. We focused on this region because soil-transmitted helminths are endemic, and their burden is significant in this region. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist. Relevant studies were searched in health-related databases including PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar. We selected studies based on the selection criteria set for this review. We collected textual information about the type of health services research, the degree of community engagement, the research phases involved, and the barriers/enablers affecting community engagement in research since they are pertinent to our review question and objective. Ten studies from seven countries in the Asia Pacific region were identified for this review. Albeit with variation in the extent of their involvement, various forms of communities/groups within communities were included such as Aboriginal communities, local communities, school children and their parents, school teachers and headmasters of schools, heads of villages, religious leaders, and so on. Overall, community engagement in health services research focused on of soil-transmitted helminths was limited. Six studies (60%) had collaboration at ‘developing methodology’, mainly through an explanation of the objectives of the study or study process to be conducted. Seven studies (70%) revealed community participation in soil-transmitted helminths at the “data collection” stage. Only one study (10%) documented that a community leader was involved as a co-author, reflecting an involvement in ‘report writing’ and further ‘dissemination’. Findings suggest that there were various forms of community engagement in various aspects of the health services research context. Overall, there was moderate level of participation, but there was insufficient information on the partnership between various stakeholders, which prevented in-depth analysis of the engagement. Future health services research on soil-transmitted helminth interventions needs to be carefully planned, well designed, grounded in principles of community engagement, and designed methodologically to allow in-depth participation by communities in all stages of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (CN); (MAW)
| | - Wong Siew Tung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norah Htet Htet
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Htar Htar Aung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maxine A. Whittaker
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (CN); (MAW)
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Carter-Edwards L, Leverty R, Bilheimer A, Bailey L, Adeshina B, Shrestha P, Yu Z, Dave G, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Kibbe W, Corbie G. Adapting the Evidence Academy model for virtual stakeholder engagement in a national setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e98. [PMID: 37250998 PMCID: PMC10225263 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised the importance of adaptive capacity and preparedness when engaging historically marginalized populations in research and practice. The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics in Underserved Populations' COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy Series (RADx-UP EA) is a virtual, national, interactive conference model designed to support and engage community-academic partnerships in a collaborative effort to improve practices that overcome disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and testing technologies. The RADx-UP EA promotes information sharing, critical reflection and discussion, and creation of translatable strategies for health equity. Staff and faculty from the RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection Center developed three EA events with diverse geographic, racial, and ethnic representation of attendees from RADx-UP community-academic project teams: February 2021 (n = 319); November 2021 (n = 242); and September 2022 (n = 254). Each EA event included a data profile; 2-day, virtual event; event summary report; community dissemination product; and an evaluation strategy. Operational and translational delivery processes were iteratively adapted for each EA across one or more of five adaptive capacity domains: assets, knowledge and learning, social organization, flexibility, and innovation. The RADx-UP EA model can be generalized beyond RADx-UP and tailored by community and academic input to respond to local or national health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renee Leverty
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alicia Bilheimer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsay Bailey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bukola Adeshina
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Zhitong Yu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gaurav Dave
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Warren Kibbe
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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La Scala S, Mullins JL, Firat RB, Michalska KJ. Equity, diversity, and inclusion in developmental neuroscience: Practical lessons from community-based participatory research. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 16:1007249. [PMID: 37007188 PMCID: PMC10060815 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1007249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exclusion of racialized minorities in neuroscience directly harms communities and potentially leads to biased prevention and intervention approaches. As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other neuroscientific techniques offer progressive insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of mental health research agendas, it is incumbent on us as researchers to pay careful attention to issues of diversity and representation as they apply in neuroscience research. Discussions around these issues are based largely on scholarly expert opinion without actually involving the community under study. In contrast, community-engaged approaches, specifically Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), actively involve the population of interest in the research process and require collaboration and trust between community partners and researchers. This paper outlines a community-engaged neuroscience approach for the development of our developmental neuroscience study on mental health outcomes in preadolescent Latina youth. We focus on “positionality” (the multiple social positions researchers and the community members hold) and “reflexivity” (the ways these positions affect the research process) as conceptual tools from social sciences and humanities. We propose that integrating two unique tools: a positionality map and Community Advisory Board (CAB) into a CBPR framework can counter the biases in human neuroscience research by making often invisible–or taken-for-granted power dynamics visible and bolstering equitable participation of diverse communities in scientific research. We discuss the benefits and challenges of incorporating a CBPR method in neuroscience research with an illustrative example of a CAB from our lab, and highlight key generalizable considerations in research design, implementation, and dissemination that we hope are useful for scholars wishing to take similar approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna La Scala
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jordan L. Mullins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Rengin B. Firat
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Korn Ferry Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Kalina J. Michalska
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kalina J. Michalska,
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Borthwick J, Evertsz N, Pratt B. How should communities be meaningfully engaged (if at all) when setting priorities for biomedical research? Perspectives from the biomedical research community. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:6. [PMID: 36747191 PMCID: PMC9900561 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now rising consensus that community engagement is ethically and scientifically essential for all types of health research. Yet debate continues about the moral aims, methods and appropriate timing in the research cycle for community engagement to occur, and whether the answer should vary between different types of health research. Co-design and collaborative partnership approaches that involve engagement during priority-setting, for example, are common in many forms of applied health research but are not regular practice in biomedical research. In this study, we empirically examine the normative question: should communities be engaged when setting priorities for biomedical research projects, and, if so, how and for what purpose? METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 members of the biomedical research community from the UK, Australia, and African countries who had engaged communities in their work. Interview data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Our study shows that biomedical researchers and community engagement experts strongly support engagement in biomedical research priority-setting, except under certain circumstances where it may be harmful to communities. However, they gave two distinct responses on what ethical purpose it should serve-either empowerment or instrumental goals-and their perspectives on how it should achieve those goals also varied. Three engagement approaches were suggested: community-initiated, synergistic, and consultative. Pre-engagement essentials and barriers to meaningful engagement in biomedical research priority-setting are also reported. CONCLUSIONS This study offers initial evidence that meaningful engagement in priority-setting should potentially be defined slightly differently for biomedical research relative to certain types of applied health research and that engagement practice in biomedical research should not be dominated by instrumental goals and approaches, as is presently the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Borthwick
- grid.454047.60000 0004 0584 7841Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.411958.00000 0001 2194 1270Queensland Bioethics Centre, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd., Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalia Evertsz
- grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridget Pratt
- Queensland Bioethics Centre, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd., Brisbane, Australia. .,Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Kaljo K, Ngui EM, Treat R, Rader JS. Student-centered Pipeline to Advance Research in Cancer Careers (SPARCC): Diversifying the Clinical Cancer Research Workforce. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:370-377. [PMID: 35083731 PMCID: PMC9314452 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A lack of diversity in the clinical cancer workforce causes undue burden limiting research and patient care advancements. Recruitment and retention of individuals underrepresented in medicine/research can enhance patient-provider concordance. The Student-centered Pipeline to Advance Research in Cancer Careers (SPARCC) uniquely prepares underrepresented minority students to quickly transition into the clinical research workforce and seek advanced graduate degrees. Experiential learning theory and culturally responsive pedagogy ground SPARCC's rigorous competency-based curriculum incorporating cancer care, clinical trial development, social supports, and mentored research experiences. Concurrent mixed-methods analysis includes evaluations of workshops, clinical-practicums, and pre-, post-, and 6-month-post-knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Analysis of data included stepwise multivariate regression analysis, Spearman's rho correlations, and assessments of inter-item reliability via Cronbach's alpha (IBM® SPSS® 24.0). Inductive content analysis coded phrases and analytic patterns were distilled enhancing descriptions of experiences. From January 2019 to March 2019, 62% of applications came from underrepresented minorities. Ten students were accepted, 90% identified as underrepresented minority. All ten students completed the pre-, post-, and 6-month-post-evaluations. Overall scores increased significantly from pre-evaluation to 6-month-post-evaluation. Evaluation data came from 431 responses of 60 workshops, with a mean score of 9.1 (10-point scale). Students completed three clinical practicums, which received an overall mean score of 8.2 (10-point scale). A robust curriculum, structured recruitment, diverse faculty, and comprehensive evaluations made SPARCC a compelling strategy for supporting underrepresented minority students to seek immediate employment as clinical research professionals or application to advanced graduate degree programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kaljo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Emmanuel M Ngui
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Treat
- Office of Academic Affairs, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Wieland ML, Njeru JW, Weis JA, Lohr A, Nigon JA, Goodson M, Osman A, Molina L, Ahmed Y, Capetillo GP, Nur O, Sia IG. Rochester Healthy Community Partnership: Then and now. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1090131. [PMID: 36703848 PMCID: PMC9871468 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1090131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-engaged research partnerships promote health equity through incorporation of regional contexts to inform partnership dynamics that shape research and interventions that reflect community voice and priorities. Long-term partnerships build trusted relationships and promote capacity building among community and academic partners, but there are many structural barriers to sustaining long-term partnerships. Here we describe lessons learned from sustaining Rochester Healthy Community Partnership (RHCP), an 18-year community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership in Southeast Minnesota. RHCP collaborates with immigrant and refugee populations to co-create interventions that promote health equity for community health priorities. Challenges to sustainability include a tension between project-based funding and the needs of long-term community-based research infrastructure. These challenges can be met with a focus on shared CBPR principles, operating norms, partnership dynamics, and governance. RHCP began in 2004 through identification of a community health priority, defining the community, and establishment of CBPR principles. It grew through identification of broader community health priorities, capacity building for community and academic partners, and integration of diverse learners. We describe the capacity for RHCP to respond to new societal contexts, the importance of partnership dynamics as a barometer for partnership health, and lessons learned about sustainability of the CBPR partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Wieland
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Mark L. Wieland ✉
| | - Jane W. Njeru
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Weis
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Abby Lohr
- Division of Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julie A. Nigon
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Hawthorne Education Center, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Miriam Goodson
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Alliance of Chicanos, Hispanics, and Latin Americans, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Intercultural Mutual Assistance Association, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Luz Molina
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yahye Ahmed
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Somali American Social Service Association, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Graciela Porraz Capetillo
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Omar Nur
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Somali American Social Service Association, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Irene G. Sia
- Rochester Healthy Community Partnership, Rochester, MN, United States,Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Taffere GR, Abebe HT, Zerihun Z, Mallen C, Price HP, Mulugeta A. Systematic review of community engagement approach in research: describing partnership approaches, challenges and benefits. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Goforth AN, Nichols LM, Sun J, Violante A, Brooke E, Kusumaningsih S, Howlett R, Hogenson D, Graham N. Cultural Adaptation of an Educator Social-Emotional Learning Program to Support Indigenous Students. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022; 53:365-381. [PMID: 39100141 PMCID: PMC11293464 DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2022.2144091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supporting Indigenous students' social-emotional learning (SEL) is important given the systemic impact of colonialism that has contributed to their higher mental health and academic disparities compared to White students. One way to promote SEL is through professional development for educators, yet there has been little research on the development of SEL programs that are culturally responsive to Indigenous people and contexts. The purpose of this study is to highlight the process of culturally adapting a social-emotional program, Educators Navigating and Generating Approaches for Genuine Empowerment (ENGAGE), for educators at a school located in a tribal nation in the Rocky Mountain region. Driven by transformative SEL and tribal critical race theory, we co-adapted ENGAGE with community members through community-based participatory research. Through thematic analysis, we examined the unique values and culturally responsive considerations that arose during the research process. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) Understanding resilience in the face of trauma; (2) Fostering culture and traditions; (3) Building Relationships, respect, and reciprocity; (4) Highlighting the core role of educators in SEL; and (5) Educators supporting each other. Implications for school psychologists, including considerations for decolonizing research and practice, are discussed.
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Bain LE, Akondeng C, Njamnshi WY, Mandi HE, Amu H, Njamnshi AK. Community engagement in research in sub-Saharan Africa: current practices, barriers, facilitators, ethical considerations and the role of gender - a systematic review. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:152. [PMID: 36785694 PMCID: PMC9922083 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.152.36861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction meaningful community engagement is increasingly being considered the major determinant of successful research, innovation and intervention uptake. Even though there is available literature recommending community engagement in health research, there are still knowledge gaps in how communities might be best engaged in Sub-Saharan Africa. We, therefore, synthesized the existing literature on the current practices, barriers and facilitators, ethical considerations, and gender mainstreaming in the engagement of communities in research in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods this synthesis was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A combination of keywords and medical subject headings was used to search MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health Library through OVID SP, the Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, CINAHL, WHO Afro Library, WHO Global Index Medicus and the National Institute for Health Research, for all literature published between 1 January 2000 to 31 July 2021. Results thirty articles met our inclusion criteria. The key reported facilitators of effective community engagement in research included appropriate community entry and engagement of stakeholders. Barriers to effective community engagement in research included the availability of prohibitive cultural, historical and religious practices; geographical/spatial limitations, difficulties in planning and executing community engagement activities and communication barriers. Awareness creation and sensitization on the research through drama, social media, documentaries, and community durbars are some of the existing practices adopted in engaging communities in research. Gender mainstreaming was not considered appropriately in the engagement of communities in research, as only a few studies made provisions for gender considerations, and most of the time, interchanging gender for sex. Respect for autonomy, privacy and informed consent were the main ethical issues reported. Conclusion gender mainstreaming and ethical standards were reported as important, but not explored in depth. Gender as a social construct needs to be carefully integrated in the entire research cycle. Clear ethical concerns within a research project have to be co-discussed by the research team, community members and potential research participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Triangle Research Foundation (TRIFT), Limbe, Cameroon,,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa,,Global South Health Services and Research (GSHS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,,Corresponding author: Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Triangle Research Foundation (TRIFT), Limbe, Cameroon.
| | - Claudine Akondeng
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Cameroon National Association of Family Welfare (CAMNAFAW), Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Wepnyu Yembe Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Education and Learning for All (ELFA) Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Division of Operational Research in Health, DROS, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henshaw Eyambe Mandi
- Triangle Research Foundation (TRIFT), Limbe, Cameroon,,Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioral Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Education and Learning for All (ELFA) Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon,,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Consumer Engagement in Perioperative Clinical Trials. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:1001-1010. [PMID: 36135337 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumer engagement (patient and public involvement) in perioperative medicine research is in its infancy. The patient experience and family/carer perspectives can provide an extra layer of insight to give more understanding as to what, why, and how we do research. Patients who have undergone surgery have a unique understanding of the issues, concerns, wants, and needs that they learned as a patient-they, therefore, can be considered as a professional given their experience(s)-thus warranting recognition as a partner in research. Knowledge of the consumer engagement literature and availability of resources should support anesthesia researchers aiming to include these perspectives in their research. This includes several existing engagement frameworks and assessment tools. We provide a framework for consumer engagement for adoption into anesthesia and other perioperative research. By incorporating the patient or caregiver into the design, funding application(s), data collection, and interpretation of the findings can be beneficial to all. This includes promoting knowledge and access to clinical trials, the wording of participant consent and information forms, methods of data collection, selection of important outcomes, and dissemination of results.
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Rubyan M, Trinidad MG, Ryan KA, Spiroff M, Goold S, Burns J, Calhoun K, Rowe Z, Büyüktür AG, Piechowski P, Platt J. A conceptual framework for clinical and translational virtual community engagement research. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e136. [PMID: 36590362 PMCID: PMC9794960 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a trend for clinical and translational community-engaged research in adapting to an increasingly virtual landscape. This requires a framework for engagement distinct from in-person research and program activities. We reflect on four case studies of community engagement activities that inform a conceptual framework to better integrate the virtual format into community-engaged research reflecting key tenets of health equity and antiracist praxis. Methods Four projects were selected by community-engaged research stakeholders for an in-depth review based on how much the virtual transition impacted activities such as planning, recruitment, and data collection for each project. Transitions to virtual engagement were assessed across ten areas in which community engagement has been demonstrated to make a positive impact. Results Our analysis suggests a conceptual evaluation framework in which the ten community engagement areas cluster into four interrelated domains: (1) development, design, and delivery; (2) partnership and trust building; (3) implementation and change; and (4) ethics and equity. Conclusions The domains in this conceptual framework describe critical elements of community engaged research and programs consistent with recommendations for health equity informed meaningful community engagement from the National Academy of Medicine. The conceptual framework and case studies can be used for evaluation and to develop guidelines for clinical and translational researchers utilizing the virtual format in community-engaged research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rubyan
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M. Grace Trinidad
- National Hemophilia Program Coordinating Center, American Thrombosis & Hemostasis Network, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kerry A. Ryan
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meghan Spiroff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan Goold
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jade Burns
- Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen Calhoun
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ayşe G. Büyüktür
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Piechowski
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jodyn Platt
- Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Brice A, Hinckley J. Building Research Initiatives by Developing Group Effort (BRIDGE): Patient-Partners in Aphasia Research. Semin Speech Lang 2022; 43:426-444. [PMID: 36288736 PMCID: PMC9605818 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Researcher-initiated research often has little or no input from the groups who will be affected by the results of the research. The aim of this project was to describe practices of embracing patient-partners (i.e., individuals with aphasia and spouses/family members) in research. Six webinars were developed for both researchers and patient-partners that were required prior to participating in a joint conference that focused on collaborative research teams. The conference was designed based on an appreciative inquiry approach. Including patient-partners into research priorities and planning has been accomplished across various health domains in the United States, but this was the first organized national effort, in the United States, to support the inclusion of people with aphasia and their families as active partners in the research process. Consequently, it is hoped that future aphasia researchers also include patient-partner teams into their research process for more ecologically valid outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Brice
- College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida,Address for correspondence Alejandro Brice, Ph.D. College of Education, University of South FloridaUSF St. Petersburg Campus, COQ 237, Tampa, FL 33620
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Olson J, Tucker J, Simi R, Wrucke S, Jordan CG. Building towards community-oriented policing: Forming an academic medical center partnership with local police. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102015. [PMID: 36237839 PMCID: PMC9551139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Spring of 2020, protective services for the Milwaukee Regional Medical Center (MRMC) Campus began a year-long transition process from the Milwaukee County Sheriff's Department to the Wauwatosa Police Department (WPD). This transition occurred during a time of focused local and national discourse regarding policing in diverse community settings. In response, the MRMC leadership formed the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee for the Transition of Protective Services (AATOPS). Over the course of six months, AATOPS members conducted site visits, developed a training manual, and divided into subcommittees to establish recommendations and key performance indicators in four primary areas: 1) Diversity and Inclusion of the WPD; 2) Psychological Evaluation of WPD Officers; 3) Use and De-Escalation of Force within the WPD; and 4) Communicating the Imminent Transition of Protective Services to MRMC organization employees, faculty, students, trainees, and patients. In this paper, we detail the process of organizing an accountable and collaborative approach to police and medical and academic campus relationships. At the end of the transition period, both the WPD and MRMC expressed commitment to a continued partnership to ensure the safety and security of all on the MRMC campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Olson
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Office of Diversity & Inclusion, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Corresponding author at: Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States.
| | - Janine Tucker
- Office of Diversity & Inclusion, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert Simi
- Milwaukee Regional Medical Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Shane Wrucke
- Wauwatosa Police Department, Wauwatosa, WI, United States
| | - C. Greer Jordan
- Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States,Office of Diversity & Inclusion, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Toward community-engaged information behavior research: A methodological framework. LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lisr.2022.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Schmidt BM, Späth C, van Pinxteren M, Chi PC, Wiysonge CS, Oliver J, Colvin CJ. Barriers and facilitators of and strategies for successful community engagement in infectious disease clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.mr000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bey-Marrié Schmidt
- School of Public Health; University of the Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Carmen Späth
- School of Public Health; University of the Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Myrna van Pinxteren
- Chronic Disease Initiative for Africa, Department of Medicine; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | | | - Charles S Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa; South African Medical Research Council; Cape Town South Africa
- HIV and other Infectious Diseases Research Unit; South African Medical Research Council; Durban 4901 South Africa
| | - Joy Oliver
- Cochrane South Africa; South African Medical Research Council; Cape Town South Africa
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Aguilar-González A, Lou-Meda R, Chocó-Cedillos A, Moist L. Community engagement in kidney research: Guatemalan experience. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:282. [PMID: 35962338 PMCID: PMC9373416 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community engagement is essential for effective research when addressing issues important to both the community and researchers. Despite its effectiveness, there is limited published evidence concerning the evaluation of community engagement in research projects, especially in the area of nephrology. Methods We developed a community engagement program in Guatemala to address the role of hydration in chronic kidney disease of unknown origin, using five key engagement principles: 1. Local relevance and determinants of health. 2. Acknowledgment of the community. 3. Dissemination of findings and knowledge gained to all partners. 4. Usage of community partners’ input. 5. Involvement of a cyclical and iterative process in the pursuit of goals. The effectiveness of community engagement was measured by a structured questionnaire on a 5-point likert scale. This measure determined how well and how often the research team adhered to the five engagement principles. We assessed internal consistency for each set of the engagement items through Omega coefficient. Results Sixty-two community leaders completed the questionnaire. Seventy-five percent were female, with a mean age of 37 years. All 5 engagement principles scored highly on the 5-point likert scale. Every item set corresponding to an engagement principles evaluation had a Omega coefficient > 0.80, indicating a firm internal consistency for all question groups on both qualitative and quantitative scales. Conclusion Engagement of the community in the kidney research provides sustainability of the efforts and facilitates the achievements of the goals. Community leaders and researchers became a team and develop a relationship in which commitment and empowerment facilitated the participation in all aspects of the research process. This initiative could be a useful tool for researchers, especially in low-middle income countries, to start research in a community, achieve objectives in a viable form, and open opportunities to further studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02891-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Aguilar-González
- Foundation for Children With Kidney Disease -FUNDANIER-, 6 avenida 9-18 zona 10, torre 1, Oficina 804, Edificio Sixtino 2, Guatemala, 01010, Guatemala.
| | - Randall Lou-Meda
- Foundation for Children With Kidney Disease -FUNDANIER-, 6 avenida 9-18 zona 10, torre 1, Oficina 804, Edificio Sixtino 2, Guatemala, 01010, Guatemala
| | - André Chocó-Cedillos
- Foundation for Children With Kidney Disease -FUNDANIER-, 6 avenida 9-18 zona 10, torre 1, Oficina 804, Edificio Sixtino 2, Guatemala, 01010, Guatemala
| | - Louise Moist
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada.,Kidney Clinical Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
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Zulu VC, Syakalima M, Ali J. Ethical dimensions of zoonotic disease research: Perspectives of traditional livestock keepers in Zambia. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17962.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: With the increase in zoonotic disease research using livestock belonging to traditional livestock keepers (LKs) as research subjects, careful attention to both animal and livestock keeper interests is critically important in Zambia and other similar contexts. Methods: The study aimed to explore ethics-related challenges during zoonotic disease research among LKs where their livestock are included as research subjects. The study was implemented in the Southern province of Zambia in July 2020. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 30 adult male LKs living in livestock-wildlife interface areas where zoonotic diseases are likely to occur, were carried out. The FGDs were done in the local language and audio recorded. Thematic analysis was done using field notes and translated and transcribed recorded interviews. Results: The study found that trust between the researchers and LKs when their livestock are used as research subjects was very cardinal and depended on the continual presence of the local veterinary assistant (VA) during the conduct of research. Conclusions: The LKs could be considered a vulnerable population when their livestock were used as research subjects as, being resource poor, they were looking to researchers to provide benefits yet not fully understanding the research, and thus did not worry so much about consent procedures, bringing into question the validity of the oral consent obtained. The study also found that opportunities to strengthen trust and enhance the research experience could be exploited by researchers conducting research that is locally relevant and desired, being aware of procedural preferences for entering into livestock keeping communities, adequate disclosure of research procedures, respecting conventions and traditional cultural beliefs, and returning results of research. The findings of this study can be used by both researchers as they carry-out zoonotic disease research and by Research Ethics Committees.
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Community engagement education in academic health centers, colleges, and universities. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e109. [PMID: 36285015 PMCID: PMC9549477 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Community engagement (CE) is critical for advancing health equity and a key approach for promoting inclusive clinical and translational science. However, it requires a workforce trained to effectively design, implement, and evaluate health promotion and improvement strategies through meaningful collaboration with community members. This paper presents an approach for designing CE curricula for research, education, clinical care, and public health learners. A general pedagogical framework is presented to support curriculum development with the inclusion of community members as facilitators or faculty. The overall goal of the curriculum is envisioned as enabling learners to effectively demonstrate the principles of CE in working with community members on issues of concern to communities to promote health and well-being. We highlight transformations needed for the commonly used critical service-learning model and the importance of faculty well-versed in CE. Courses may include didactics and practicums with well-defined objectives and evaluation components. Because of the importance of building and maintaining relationships in CE, a preparatory phase is recommended prior to experiential learning, which should be guided and designed to include debriefing and reflective learning. Depending on the scope of the course, evaluation should include community perspectives on the experience.
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Abstract
Clinical trials are critically important to translate scientific innovations into clinical practice. Hearing healthcare depends on this translational approach to improve outcomes and quality of life. Across the spectrum of healthcare, there is a lack of diverse participation in clinical trials, a failure to recruit and retain underrepresented and underserved populations, and an absence of rigorous dissemination and implementation of novel research to broader populations. The field of hearing healthcare research would benefit from expanding the types and designs of clinical trials that extend hearing healthcare and novel interventions to diverse populations, as well as emphasizing trials that evaluate factors influencing how that care can be delivered effectively. This article explores the following: (1) the role, value, and design types of clinical trials (randomized controlled, cluster randomized, stepped wedge, and mixed methods) to address health equity; (2) the importance of integrating community and stakeholder involvement; and (3) dissemination and implementation frameworks and designs for clinical trials (hybrid trial designs). By adopting a broader range of clinical trial designs, hearing healthcare researchers may be able to extend scientific discoveries to a more diverse population.
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