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Heusinkveld HJ, Zwart EP, de Haan A, Braeuning A, Alarcan J, van der Ven LTM. The zebrafish embryo as a model for chemically-induced steatosis: A case study with three pesticides. Toxicology 2024; 508:153927. [PMID: 39151607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing incidence and prevalence of fatty liver disease in the western world, with steatosis as the most prevalent variant. Known causes of steatosis include exposure to food-borne chemicals, and overconsumption of alcohol, carbohydrates and fat, and it is a well-known side effect of certain pharmaceuticals such as tetracycline, amiodarone and tamoxifen (drug-induced hepatic steatosis). Mechanistic knowledge on chemical-induced steatosis has greatly evolved and has been organized into adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describing the chain of events from first molecular interaction of a substance with a biological system to the adverse outcome, intrahepatic lipid accumulation. In this study, three known steatosis-inducing pesticides (imazalil, clothianidin, and thiacloprid) were tested for their ability to induce hepatic triglyceride accumulation in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo (ZFE) at 5 days post fertilization, both as single compounds and equipotent binary mixtures. The results indicate that the ZFE is very well applicable as a higher tier testing model to confirm effects in downstream key events in AOPs, that is, chemically-induced triglyceride accumulation in the whole organism and production of visible steatosis. Moreover, dose addition could be concluded for binary mixtures of substances with similar and with dissimilar modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Angela de Haan
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Leo T M van der Ven
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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2
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Zhan R, Zhou F, Liu C, Chen C, Li M, Huang D, Zheng N, Lin T, Zuo Z, He C, Chen X. Resveratrol ameliorates cyprodinil-induced zebrafish cardiac developmental defects as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44789-44799. [PMID: 38954331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cyprodinil, a globally utilized broad-spectrum pyrimidine amine fungicide, has been observed to elicit cardiac abnormality. Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, showcases remarkable defensive properties in nurturing cardiac development. To investigate whether RSV could protect against cyprodinil-induced cardiac defects, we exposed zebrafish embryos to cyprodinil (500 μg/L) in the presence or absence of RSV (1 μM). Our results showed that RSV significantly mitigated the decrease of survival rate and embryo movement and the hatching delay induced by cyprodinil. In addition, RSV also improved cyprodinil-induced zebrafish cardiac developmental toxicity, including pericardial edema and cardiac function impairment. In mechanism, RSV attenuated the cyprodinil-induced changes in mRNA expression involved in cardiac development, such as myh6, myl7, tbx5, and gata4, and calcium ion channels, such as ncx1h, slc8a4a, and atp2a2b. We further showed that RSV might inhibit the activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways induced by cyprodinil. In summary, our findings establish that the protective effects of RSV against the cardiac developmental toxicity are induced by cyprodinil due to its remarkable ability to inhibit AhR activity. Our findings not only shed light on a new avenue for regulating and ensuring the safe utilization of cyprodinil but also presents a novel concept to promote its responsible use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Zhan
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fushan Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanchang Chen
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmei Li
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqin Huang
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Naying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintan Chen
- Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Fan Q, Liang R, Chen M, Li Z, Tao X, Ren H, Sheng Y, Li J, Lin R, Zhao C, She G. Metabolic characteristics of evodiamine were associated with its hepatotoxicity via PPAR/PI3K/AKT/NF-кB/tight junction pathway-mediated apoptosis in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116448. [PMID: 38754199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Evodiae Fructus (EF), an herbal medicine, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It exhibits insecticidal activity as a potent insecticide candidate. However, the toxic characteristics of EF and the underlying mechanisms have not been comprehensively elucidated comprehensively. Thus, we comprehensively explored the toxic components of EF and established the relationship between the therapeutic and toxic effects of EF, encouraging its therapeutic use. We found that evodiamine (EVO), one of the main ingredients of EF, can truly reflect its analgesic properties. In phenotype observation trials, low doses of EVO (< 35 ng/mL) exhibited distinct analgesic activity without any adverse effects in zebrafish. However, EVO dose-dependently led to gross morphological abnormalities in the liver, followed by pericardial edema, and increased myocardial concentrations. Furthermore, the toxic effects of EVO decreased after processing in liver microsomes but increased after administering CYP450 inhibitors in zebrafish, highlighting the prominent effect of CYP450s in EVO-mediated hepatotoxicity. EVO significantly changed the expression of genes enriched in multiple pathways and biological processes, including lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, tight junction damage, and cell apoptosis. Importantly, the PPAR/PI3K/AKT/NF-кB/tight junction-mediated apoptosis pathway was confirmed as a critical functional signaling pathway inducing EVO-mediated hepatotoxicity. This study provided a typical example of the overall systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients with significant therapeutic effects and simultaneous toxicities, especially metabolic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ruiqiang Liang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Hongmin Ren
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuhan Sheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China; Beijing Key laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102,China.
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4
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Zeng L, Wang YH, Ai CX, Zhang B, Zhang H, Liu ZM, Yu MH, Hu B. Differential effects of oxytetracycline on detoxification and antioxidant defense in the hepatopancreas and intestine of Chinese mitten crab under cadmium stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172633. [PMID: 38643877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on detoxification and oxidative defense in the hepatopancreas and intestine of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) under cadmium (Cd) stress. The crab was exposed to 0.6 μM Cd, 0.6 μM OTC, and 0.6 μM Cd plus 0.6 μM OTC for 42 days. Our results showed that in the intestine, OTC alone enhanced protein carboxylation (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, which was associated with the increased OTC accumulation. Compared to Cd alone, Cd plus OTC increased Cd and OTC contents, and reduced detoxification (i.e., glutathione (GSH) content, gene expressions of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity, mRNA levels and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), and antioxidant defense (i.e., gene expressions and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in the intestine, leading to the increased in PC and MDA contents, suggesting that OTC had a synergistic effect on Cd-induced oxidative damage. In the hepatopancreas, although OTC alone increased OTC accumulation, it did not affect PC and MDA contents. Compared to Cd alone, Cd plus OTC reduced MDA content, which was closely related to the improvement of detoxification (i.e., GSH content, mRNA levels of CYP isoforms, EROD activity, gene expressions and activities of GPx, GR and GST), and antioxidant defense (gene expressions and activities of CAT and SOD, metallothionein content). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcriptional expressions were positively correlated with most detoxification- and antioxidant-related gene expressions, respectively, indicating that AhR and Nrf2 were involved in the regulation of these gene expressions. Our results unambiguously demonstrated that OTC had tissue-specific effects on Cd-induced toxicological effect in E. sinensis, which contributed to accurately evaluating Cd toxicity modulated by TCs in crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fuqing 350300, PR China.
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiang Ai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, PR China
| | - Min-Hui Yu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fuqing 350300, PR China
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Liao XL, Chen ZF, Liu QY, Zhou JM, Cai WX, Wang Y, Cai Z. Tissue Accumulation and Biotransformation of 6PPD-Quinone in Adult Zebrafish and Its Effects on the Intestinal Microbial Community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10275-10286. [PMID: 38825773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The pronounced lethality of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-quinone or 6PPDQ) toward specific salmonids, while sparing other fish species, has received considerable attention. However, the underlying cause of this species-specific toxicity remains unresolved. This study explored 6PPDQ toxicokinetics and intestinal microbiota composition in adult zebrafish during a 14-day exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations, followed by a 7-day recovery phase. Predominant accumulation occurred in the brain, intestine, and eyes, with the lowest levels in the liver. Six metabolites were found to undergo hydroxylation, with two additionally undergoing O-sulfonation. Semiquantitative analyses revealed that the predominant metabolite featured a hydroxy group situated on the phenyl ring adjacent to the quinone. This was further validated by assessing enzyme activity and determining in silico binding interactions. Notably, the binding affinity between 6PPDQ and zebrafish phase I and II enzymes exceeded that with the corresponding coho salmon enzymes by 1.04-1.53 times, suggesting a higher potential for 6PPDQ detoxification in tolerant species. Whole-genome sequencing revealed significant increases in the genera Nocardioides and Rhodococcus after exposure to 6PPDQ. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses predicted that these two genera would be responsible for the biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics. These findings offer crucial data for comprehending 6PPDQ-induced species-specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian-Yi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Xi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Varshney S, Hegstad-Pettersen MM, Siriyappagouder P, Olsvik PA. Enhanced neurotoxic effect of PCB-153 when co-exposed with polystyrene nanoplastics in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141783. [PMID: 38554869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) and persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous aquatic pollutants. The coexistence of these pollutants in the environment emphasises the need to study their combined toxicity. NPs can cross biological membranes and act as vectors for other pollutants, whereas PCBs are known for their ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify. The present work aimed to study the combined toxicity of polystyrene NPs and PCB-153 using physiological (development, heart rate, respiration), behavioural (swimming behaviour) and molecular (transcriptome) endpoints in zebrafish larvae. The results show that exposure to NPs, PCB and their mixture significantly affected the development and respiration in zebrafish larvae. Larvae co-exposed to NPs and PCB exhibited significant hyperlocomotion, whereas no such effect was observed after exposure to NPs or PCB alone. The transcriptomic results revealed that NPs exposure significantly affected several pathways associated with DNA compaction and nucleosome assembly, whereas PCB exposure significantly affected critical neurogenic pathways. In contrast, co-exposure to NPs and PCB generated multi-faceted toxicity and suppressed neurobehavioural, immune-related and detoxification pathways. The study highlights the complex interplay between NPs and PCBs, and documents how the two toxicants in combination give a stronger effect than the single toxicants alone. Understanding the mixture toxicity of these two pollutants is important to assess the environmental risks and developing effective management strategies, ultimately safeguarding ecosystems and human health.
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7
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Jordan-Ward R, von Hippel FA, Wilson CA, Rodriguez Maldonado Z, Dillon D, Contreras E, Gardell A, Minicozzi MR, Titus T, Ungwiluk B, Miller P, Carpenter D, Postlethwait JH, Byrne S, Buck CL. Differential gene expression and developmental pathologies associated with persistent organic pollutants in sentinel fish in Troutman Lake, Sivuqaq, Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122765. [PMID: 37913975 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that bioaccumulate in animals and biomagnify within food webs. Many POPs are endocrine disrupting compounds that impact vertebrate development. POPs accumulate in the Arctic via global distillation and thereby impact high trophic level vertebrates as well as people who live a subsistence lifestyle. The Arctic also contains thousands of point sources of pollution, such as formerly used defense (FUD) sites. Sivuqaq (St. Lawrence Island), Alaska was used by the U.S. military during the Cold War and FUD sites on the island remain point sources of POP contamination. We examined the effects of POP exposure on ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) collected from Troutman Lake in the village of Gambell as a model for human exposure and disease. During the Cold War, Troutman Lake was used as a dump site by the U.S. military. We found that PCB concentrations in stickleback exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's guideline for unlimited consumption despite these fish being low trophic level organisms. We examined effects at three levels of biological organization: gene expression, endocrinology, and histomorphology. We found that ninespine stickleback from Troutman Lake exhibited suppressed gonadal development compared to threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) studied elsewhere. Troutman Lake stickleback also displayed two distinct hepatic phenotypes, one with lipid accumulation and one with glycogen-type vacuolation. We compared the transcriptomic profiles of these liver phenotypes using RNA sequencing and found significant upregulation of genes involved in ribosomal and metabolic pathways in the lipid accumulation group. Additionally, stickleback displaying liver lipid accumulation had significantly fewer thyroid follicles than the vacuolated phenotype. Our study and previous work highlight health concerns for people and wildlife due to pollution hotspots in the Arctic, and the need for health-protective remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Jordan-Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., P.O. Box 245210, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Catherine A Wilson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Zyled Rodriguez Maldonado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Danielle Dillon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Elise Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Alison Gardell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Michael R Minicozzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University Mankato, 242 Trafton Science Center South, Mankato, MN, 56001, USA
| | - Tom Titus
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Bobby Ungwiluk
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, 1225 E. International Airport Road, Suite 220, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA
| | - Pamela Miller
- Alaska Community Action on Toxics, 1225 E. International Airport Road, Suite 220, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - John H Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Samuel Byrne
- Middlebury College, Department of Biology and Global Health Program, 14 Old Chapel Rd, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - C Loren Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Montgomery D, Ji X, Cantin J, Philibert D, Foster G, Selinger S, Jain N, Miller J, McIntyre J, de Jourdan B, Wiseman S, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Interspecies Differences in 6PPD-Quinone Toxicity Across Seven Fish Species: Metabolite Identification and Semiquantification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21071-21079. [PMID: 38048442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is a recently identified contaminant that originates from the oxidation of the tire antidegradant 6PPD. 6PPD-Q is acutely toxic to select salmonids at environmentally relevant concentrations, while other fish species display tolerance to concentrations that surpass those measured in the environment. The reasons for these marked differences in sensitivity are presently unknown. The objective of this research was to explore potential toxicokinetic drivers of species sensitivity by characterizing biliary metabolites of 6PPD-Q in sensitive and tolerant fishes. For the first time, we identified an O-glucuronide metabolite of 6PPD-Q using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The semiquantified levels of this metabolite in tolerant species or life stages, including white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), and nonfry life stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), were greater than those in sensitive species, including coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), suggesting that tolerant species might detoxify 6PPD-Q more effectively. Thus, we hypothesize that differences in species sensitivity are a result of differences in basal expression of biotransformation enzyme across various fish species. Moreover, the semiquantification of 6PPD-Q metabolites in bile extracted from wild-caught fish might be a useful biomarker of exposure to 6PPD-Q, thereby being valuable to environmental monitoring and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montgomery
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Jenna Cantin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Danielle Philibert
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Garrett Foster
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Summer Selinger
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Niteesh Jain
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Justin Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4471 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jenifer McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Benjamin de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4471 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
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9
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Huang L, Wang Z, Liu J, Wan M, Liu J, Liu F, Tu X, Xiao J, Liao X, Lu H, Zhang S, Cao Z. Apatinib induces zebrafish hepatotoxicity by inhibiting Wnt signaling and accumulation of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2679-2690. [PMID: 37551640 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Apatinib, a small-molecule VEGFR2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown potent anticancer activity in various clinical cancer treatments, but also different adverse reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to study its potential toxicity and working mechanism. We used zebrafish to investigate the effects of apatinib on the development of embryos. Zebrafish exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 μM apatinib showed adverse effects such as decreased liver area, pericardial oedema, slow yolk absorption, bladder atrophy, and body length shortening. At the same time, it leads to abnormal liver tissue structure, liver function and related gene expression. Furthermore, after exposure to apatinib, oxidative stress levels were significantly elevated but liver developmental toxicity was effectively ameliorated with oxidative stress inhibitor treatment. Apatinib induces down-regulation of key target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in zebrafish, and it is found that Wnt activator can significantly rescue liver developmental defects. These results suggest that apatinib may induce zebrafish hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway and up-regulating oxidative stress, helping to strengthen our understanding of rational clinical application of apatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wan
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jiejun Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Tu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, College of Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
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10
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Zeng L, Wang YH, Song W, Ai CX, Liu ZM, Yu MH, Zou WG. Different effects of continuous and pulsed Benzo[a]pyrene exposure on metabolism and antioxidant defense of large yellow croaker: Depend on exposure duration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115370. [PMID: 37586193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare differential effects of continuous and pulsed BaP exposures on metabolism and antioxidant defense in the liver of large yellow croaker. Fish were subjected to BaP for 4 days and 36 days in three exposure regimes with the same time-averaged concentration of BaP: 4 μg/L BaP continuously, 8 μg/L BaP for 24 h every other day or 16 μg/L BaP for 24 h every 4 days. Our results showed that compared to pulsed BaP exposures, continuous BaP exposure reduced BaP metabolism (CYP1A, CYP3A and AHR transcriptional expressions, GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio, EROD and GST activities) and antioxidant defense (T-SOD activity) on day 4, resulting to the increases in MDA and PC contents, indicating that continuous BaP exposure induced more severe oxidative damage during the early stage of exposure. But continuous BaP exposure reduced MDA and PC contents by improving BaP metabolism and antioxidant defense during the late stage of exposure. CYP1B transcriptional expression and CAT activity were unsuitable biomarkers of both continuous and pulsed BaP exposures. In conclusion, our results demonstrated differential effects of continuous and pulsed exposures on BaP metabolism and antioxidant responses, which were depend on exposure duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Chun-Xiang Ai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, PR China
| | - Min-Hui Yu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Wei-Guang Zou
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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11
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De Oro-Carretero P, Sanz-Landaluze J. Bioaccumulation and Biotransformation of BDE-47 Using Zebrafish Eleutheroembryos (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:835-845. [PMID: 36705440 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are well-known endocrine disrupting chemicals identified as organic persistent pollutants. Their metabolites OH-BDE and MeO-BDE have been reported to be potentially more toxic than the postulated precursor PBDEs. One of the most predominant congeners of PBDEs in the environment is BDE-47, due to its high presence in industrially used mixtures. In the present study, the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of BDE-47 into its major metabolites is evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos adapting a previously developed alternative method to bioconcentration official guideline Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development 305, which reduces the animal suffering, time, and cost. For the simultaneous determination of BDE-47 and its metabolites in larvae and exposure medium, and considering the polarity difference of the analytes and the small sample size, the development of a validated analytical method is a step to ensure quality results. In the present study, an ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by a solid phase extraction dispersive clean-up step and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-microelectron capture detector (GC-MS-μECD) with a previous derivatization process was optimized and validated. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated using a first-order one-compartment toxicokinetic model. The profiles found show rapid absorption in the first hours of larval development and great bioaccumulative capacity, finding BCFs of 7294 ± 899 and 36 363 ± 5702 at nominal concentrations of 10 and 1 μg L-1 , respectively. Metabolization studies show increasing concentrations of the metabolites BDE-28, 2'-OH-BDE-28, and 5-MeO-BDE-47 throughout the exposure time. The results obtained show the feasibility of the method for bioaccumulation and open up the possibility of metabolic studies with zebrafish eleutheroembryos, which is a very underdeveloped field without official testing or regulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:835-845. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma De Oro-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Roy MA, Gridley CK, Li S, Park Y, Timme-Laragy AR. Nrf2a dependent and independent effects of early life exposure to 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106219. [PMID: 35700651 PMCID: PMC9701526 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollutant 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) is a lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener present in air and water samples. Both PCB-11 and its metabolite, 4-PCB-11-Sulfate, are detected in humans, including in pregnant women. Previous research in zebrafish (Danio rerio) has shown that 0.2 μM exposures to 4-PCB-11-Sulfate starting at 1 day post fertilization (dpf) increase hepatic neutral lipid accumulation in larvae at 15 dpf. Here, we explored whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known as the master-regulator of the adaptive response to oxidative stress, contributes to metabolic impacts of 4-PCB-11-Sulfate. For this work, embryos were collected from homozygous wildtype or Nrf2a mutant adult zebrafish that also express GFP in pancreatic β-cells, rendering Tg(ins:GFP;nrf2afh318+/+) and Tg(ins:GFP;nrf2afh318-/-) lines. Exposures were conducted from 1-15 dpf to either 0.05% DMSO or DMSO-matched 0.2 µM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate, and at 15 dpf subsets of larvae were imaged for overall morphology, primary pancreatic islet area, and collected for fatty acid profiling and RNAseq. At 15 dpf, independent of genotype, fish exposed to 4-PCB-11-Sulfate survived significantly more at 80-85% compared to 65-73% survival for unexposed fish, and had primary pancreatic islets 8% larger compared to unexposed fish. Fish growth at 15 dpf was dependent on genotype, with Nrf2a mutant fish a significant 3-5% shorter than wildtype fish, and an interaction effect was observed where Nrf2a mutant fish exposed to 4-PCB-11-Sulfate experienced a significant 29% decrease in the omega-3 fatty acid DHA compared to unexposed mutant fish. RNAseq revealed 308 differentially expressed genes, most of which were dependent on genotype. These findings suggest that Nrf2a plays an important role in growth as well as for DHA production in the presence of 4-PCB-11-Sulfate. Further research would be beneficial to understand the importance of Nrf2a throughout the lifecourse, especially in the context of toxicant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 171B Goessmann Building, 686 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Charlotte K Gridley
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 171B Goessmann Building, 686 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sida Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 171B Goessmann Building, 686 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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13
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Fraxinellone Induces Hepatotoxicity in Zebrafish through Oxidative Stress and the Transporters Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092647. [PMID: 35566003 PMCID: PMC9103149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fraxinellone (FRA), a major active component from Cortex Dictamni, produces hepatotoxicity via the metabolization of furan rings by CYP450. However, the mechanism underlying the hepatotoxicity of FRA remains unclear. Therefore, zebrafish larvae at 72 h post fertilization were used to evaluate the metabolic hepatotoxicity of FRA and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that FRA (10-30 μM) induced liver injury and obvious alterations in the metabolomics of zebrafish larvae. FRA induces apoptosis by increasing the level of ROS and activating the JNK/P53 pathway. In addition, FRA can induce cholestasis by down-regulating bile acid transporters P-gp, Bsep, and Ntcp. The addition of the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole (1 μM) significantly reduced the hepatotoxicity of FRA (30 μM), which indicated that FRA induced hepatotoxicity through CYP3A metabolism. Targeted metabolomics analysis indicates the changes in amino acid levels can be combined with molecular biology to clarify the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by FRA, and amino acid metabolism monitoring may provide a new method for the prevention and treatment of DILI from FRA.
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14
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Yurchenko V, Morozov A. Responses of hepatic biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to humic acid. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1-13. [PMID: 34816351 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances, a major component of natural organic matter in surface waters, can induce biotransformation enzyme activities and influence antioxidant defense in fish. The study aimed to provide a molecular basis for the stress responses, the synthesis of biotransformation, and antioxidant enzymes in particular. Adult medaka fish (Hd-rR strain) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of humic acid for 96 h. The actual humic acid concentrations in water were determined photometrically and expressed as organic carbon concentrations. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for protein profile analysis of medaka liver samples. The relative amount of isozymes was determined using the label-free quantification approach. Hepatic biotransformation enzyme activities were measured as well. Thus, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity showed a pronounced induction at the highest tested concentration (9.4 mg C/L). Various biotransformation and antioxidant isozymes responded to humic acid differently, reflecting a balanced interplay of proteins that ensures the metabolism of humic acid in fish liver. Some isozymes were not affected by humic acid. The study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the fish stress response to the humic acid-related challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia.
| | - Alexey Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
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15
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Li Y, Liang H, Ren B, Zhao T, Chen H, Zhao Y, Liang H. Enantioselective toxic effects of mefentrifluconazole in the liver of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) based on transcription level and metabolomic profile. Toxicology 2022; 467:153095. [PMID: 34999168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mefentrifluconazole, a new type of chiral triazole fungicide, is widely applied to control a variety of fungal diseases in crops. However, the toxicological effects of mefentrifluconazole on aquatic organisms are unknown, especially at the enantiomer level. In the present study, zebrafish were selected as a typical model for mefentrifluconazole enantiomer exposure. Metabolomic and transcription analyses were performed with 0.01 and 0.10 mg/L mefentrifluconazole and its enantiomers (i.e., rac-mfz/(-)-mfz/(+)-mfz) at 28 days. The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analysis showed that 9, 10 and 4 metabolites were changed significantly in the rac-mfz, (+)-mfz and (-)-mfz treatment groups compared with the control group, respectively. The differential metabolites were related to energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of lipid metabolism-, apoptosis- and CYP-related genes in the livers of female zebrafish in rac-mfz and (+)-mfz was 1.61-108.92 times and 2.37-551.34 times higher than that in (-)-mfz, respectively. The results above indicate that exposure to mefentrifluconazole induced enantioselective liver toxicity in zebrafish. Our study underlined the importance of distinguishing different enantiomers, which will contribute to environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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16
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Bauer B, Mally A, Liedtke D. Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13417. [PMID: 34948215 PMCID: PMC8707050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Mally
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniel Liedtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhong C, Martin JW, Alessi DS, Goss GG, Ren Y, He Y. Suspended solids-associated toxicity of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117614. [PMID: 34171731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (HF-FPW), which contains polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and numerous other potential contaminants, is a complex wastewater produced during the recovery of tight hydrocarbon resources. Previous studies on HF-FPW have demonstrated various toxicological responses of aquatic organisms as consequences of combined exposure to high salinity, dissolved organic compounds and particle/suspended solids-bound pollutants. Noteworthy is the lack of studies illustrating the potentially toxic effects of the FPW suspended solids (FPW-SS). In this study, we investigated the acute and sublethal toxicity of suspended solids filtered from six authentic FPW sample collected from two fracturing wells, using a sediment contact assay based on early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). PAHs profiles and acute toxicity tests provided initial information on the toxic potency of the six samples. Upon exposure to sediment mixture at two selected doses (1.6 and 3.1 mg/mL), results showed adverse effects in larval zebrafish, as revealed by increased Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Transcriptional alterations were also observed in xenobiotic biotransformation (ahr, pxr, cyp1a, cyp1b1, cyp1c1, cyp1c2, cyp3a65, udpgt1a1, udpgt5g1), antioxidant response (sod1, sod2, gpx1a, gpx1b) and hormone receptor signaling (esr1, esr2a, cyp19a1a, vtg1) genes. The results demonstrated that even separated from the complex aqueous FPW mixture, FPW-SS can induce toxicological responses in aquatic organisms' early life stages. Since FPW-SS could sediment to the bottom of natural wetland acting as a continuous source of contaminants, the current findings imply the likelihood of long-term environmental risks of polluted sediments on aquatic ecosystems due to FPW spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Lu
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Zhang X, Xia M, Su X, Yuan P, Li X, Zhou C, Wan Z, Zou W. Photolytic degradation elevated the toxicity of polylactic acid microplastics to developing zebrafish by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125321. [PMID: 33582471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics (BPs), as alternatives to conventional plastics, are increasingly consumed, but pose potential threats to aquatic ecosystems. In addition, the impact of natural aging on the toxicity of BPs is poorly understood. In this study, the photodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA, a typical BP) microplastics (MPs) under ultraviolet irradiation in water for 90 days was investigated, and the toxicities of virgin and degraded PLA to infantile zebrafish were compared. The results revealed that the size of MPs was reduced from ~25.56 to ~11.22 µm after degradation and nanoparticles were generated with a maximum yield of 7.13%. The formation of abundant oxygen-containing groups (i.e. C˭O and C-O-C) improved the hydrophilia and stability of MPs. Compared with pristine PLA, the efflux and detoxification of degraded PLA mediated by ABC transporters and P450 enzymes were slower, leading to higher bioaccumulation and skeletal development inhibition of zebrafish. Further, oxidative stress-triggered mitochondrial structural damage, depolarization, fission inhibition, and apoptosis were identified as crucial mechanisms underlying the elevated toxicity of PLA after degradation. These findings highlight the importance and necessity of considering natural degradation of BPs and related toxicity, which poses great implications for risk assessment and management of BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Mengli Xia
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zepeng Wan
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei Zou
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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19
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Loerracher AK, Braunbeck T. Cytochrome P450-dependent biotransformation capacities in embryonic, juvenile and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)-a state-of-the-art review. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2299-2334. [PMID: 34148099 PMCID: PMC8241672 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the strong trend to implement zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as translational model not only in ecotoxicological, but also toxicological testing strategies, there is an increasing need for a better understanding of their capacity for xenobiotic biotransformation. With respect to the extrapolation of toxicological data from zebrafish embryos to other life stages or even other organisms, qualitative and quantitative differences in biotransformation pathways, above all in cytochrome P450-dependent (CYP) phase I biotransformation, may lead to over- or underestimation of the hazard and risk certain xenobiotic compounds may pose to later developmental stages or other species. This review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the scientific knowledge on the development of the CYP1-4 families and corresponding phase I biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in zebrafish. A total of 68 publications dealing with spatiotemporal CYP mRNA expression patterns, activities towards mammalian CYP-probe substrates, bioactivation and detoxification activities, as well as metabolite profiling were analyzed and included in this review. The main results allow for the following conclusions: (1) Extensive work has been done to document mRNA expression of CYP isoforms from earliest embryonic stages of zebrafish, but juvenile and adult zebrafish have been largely neglected so far. (2) There is insufficient understanding of how sex- and developmental stage-related differences in expression levels of certain CYP isoforms may impact biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in the respective sexes and in different developmental stages of zebrafish. (3) Albeit qualitatively often identical, many studies revealed quantitative differences in metabolic activities of zebrafish embryos and later developmental stages. However, the actual relevance of age-related differences on the outcome of toxicological studies still needs to be clarified. (4) With respect to current remaining gaps, there is still an urgent need for further studies systematically assessing metabolic profiles and capacities of CYP isoforms in zebrafish. Given the increasing importance of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concepts, an improved understanding of CYP capacities appears essential for the interpretation and outcome of (eco)toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Loerracher
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Phelps DW, Fletcher AA, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Balik-Meisner MR, Tokarz DA, Reif DM, Germolec DR, Yoder JA. In vivo assessment of respiratory burst inhibition by xenobiotic exposure using larval zebrafish. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 17:94-104. [PMID: 32407153 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1748772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, assessment of the potential immunotoxicity of a given agent involves a tiered approach for hazard identification and mechanistic studies, including observational studies, evaluation of immune function, and measurement of susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic diseases. These studies generally use costly low-throughput mammalian models. Zebrafish, however, offer an excellent alternative due to their rapid development, ease of maintenance, and homology to mammalian immune system function and development. Larval zebrafish also are a convenient model to study the innate immune system with no interference from the adaptive immune system. In this study, a respiratory burst assay (RBA) was utilized to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after developmental xenobiotic exposure. Embryos were exposed to non-teratogenic doses of chemicals and at 96 h post-fertilization, the ability to produce ROS was measured. Using the RBA, 12 compounds with varying immune-suppressive properties were screened. Seven compounds neither suppressed nor enhanced the respiratory burst; five reproducibly suppressed global ROS production, but with varying potencies: benzo[a]pyrene, 17β-estradiol, lead acetate, methoxychlor, and phenanthrene. These five compounds have all previously been reported as immunosuppressive in mammalian innate immunity assays. To evaluate whether the suppression of ROS by these compounds was a result of decreased immune cell numbers, flow cytometry with transgenic zebrafish larvae was used to count the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages after chemical exposure. With this assay, benzo[a]pyrene was found to be the only chemical that induced a change in the number of immune cells by increasing macrophage but not neutrophil numbers. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of zebrafish larvae as a vertebrate model for identifying compounds that impact innate immune function at non-teratogenic levels and validates measuring ROS production and phagocyte numbers as metrics for monitoring how xenobiotic exposure alters the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W Phelps
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashley A Fletcher
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rodriguez-Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Debra A Tokarz
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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21
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Gautam M, Thapa G. Cytochrome P450-mediated estrogen catabolism therapeutic avenues in epilepsy. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:603-612. [PMID: 32743748 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neuropsychiatric disorder, which does not have any identifiable cause. However, experimental and clinical results have asserted that the sex hormone estrogen level and endocrine system function influence the seizure and epileptic episodes. There are available drugs to control epilepsy, which passes through the metabolism process. Cytochrome P-450 family 1 (CYP1A1) is a heme-containing mono-oxygenase that are induced several folds in most of the tissues and cells contributing to their differential expression, which regulates various metabolic processes upon administration of therapeutics. CYP1A1 gene family has been found to metabolize estrogen, a female sex hormone, which plays a central role in maintaining the health of brain altering the level of estrogen active neuropsychiatric disorder like epilepsy. Hence, in this article, we endeavor to provide an opinion of estrogen, its effects on epilepsy and catamenial epilepsy, their metabolism by CYP1A1 and new way forward to differential diagnosis and clinical management of epilepsy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Gautam
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ganesh Thapa
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
- Biohazards and Biosafety, Estates and Facilities, Trinity College of Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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22
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Protective Effect of Emblica officinalis in Cyprinus carpio against Hepatotoxicity Induced by Malachite Green: Ultrastructural and Molecular Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malachite green (MG) dye, besides coloring is used as an effective aquaculture therapeutic. The present study assesses the mitigating ability of Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit extract against the dye induced chronic (60 days) cyto-toxicity in Cyprinus carpio. For this, four experimental groups were maintained: group I—control, group II—MG, group III—EO (positive control), group IV—MG + EO. The study was made at three tiers: detailing structural anomalies using a light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM), biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation and molecular analysis of expression patterns of HSP70, and CYP1A genes. MG intoxication resulted in necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation, glycogen depletion, abundant macrophages, loss of cell integrity and prominent nuclear alterations. Significant (p < 0.05) inhibition in the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH), along with an elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, occurred after 60 days of MG exposure. CYP1A and HSP70 genes presented a significant change in their expression in MG treated fish. Whereas oral supplementation with EO significantly restored the histo-architecture, normalized the altered enzymatic activity, reduced the oxidative stress level and regulated the expression of HSP70 and CYP1A genes. Thus, it can be concluded that EO acted as an effective ameliorant against malachite green induced cyto-toxicity in Cyprinus carpio.
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23
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Halbach K, Holbrook T, Reemtsma T, Wagner S. Effective processing and evaluation of chemical imaging data with respect to morphological features of the zebrafish embryo. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1675-1687. [PMID: 33523257 PMCID: PMC7921040 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A workflow was developed and implemented in a software tool for the automated combination of spatially resolved laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data and data on the morphology of the biological tissue. Making use of a recently published biological annotation software, FishImager automatically assigns the biological feature as regions of interest (ROIs) and overlays them with the quantitative LA-ICP-MS data. Furthermore, statistical tools including cluster algorithms can be applied to the elemental intensity data and directly compared with the ROIs. This is effectively visualized in heatmaps. This allows gaining statistical significance on distribution and co-localization patterns. Finally, the biological functions of the assigned ROIs can then be easily linked with elemental distributions. We demonstrate the versatility of FishImager with quantitative LA-ICP-MS data of the zebrafish embryo tissue. The distribution of natural elements and xenobiotics is analyzed and discussed. With the help of FishImager, it was possible to identify compartments affected by toxicity effects or biological mechanisms to eliminate the xenobiotic. The presented workflow can be used for clinical and ecotoxicological testing, for example. Ultimately, it is a tool to simplify and reproduce interpretations of imaging LA-ICP-MS data in many applications. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Halbach
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timothy Holbrook
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute for Water and Energy Management, University of Applied Sciences Hof, 95028, Hof, Germany.
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24
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Luu I, Ikert H, Craig PM. Chronic exposure to anthropogenic and climate related stressors alters transcriptional responses in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio) across multiple generations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108918. [PMID: 33141083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant, venlafaxine (VFX), and climate change stressors, such as increased water temperature and decreased dissolved oxygen, are current threats to aquatic environments. This study aimed to determine how microRNAs (miRNAs) and predicted targeted transcripts were altered in livers of zebrafish exposed to these stressors, and livers of their un-exposed F1 and F2 offspring. Following a 21 day exposure to multiple stressors (1 μg/L VFX, +5 °C ambient, 50% O2), then a subsequent 21 day recovery, relative abundances of cyp3a65, hsp70, hsp90, and ppargc1a and miRNAs predicted to target them (miR-142a, miR-16c, miR-181c, and miR-129, respectively) were measured in the liver via quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). There were significant decreases in miR-142a in the exposed F0 generation and the exposed F1 generation. While there were no changes detected in cyp3a65 relative abundance, there was a significant inverse relationship between cyp3a65 and miR-142a. Hsp70 expression significantly increased in the F1 generation, which persisted to the F2 generation and the relative abundance of hsp90 significantly increased in all generations. There was a significant reduction in miR-181c in the F1 generation, but there was no significant relationship between miR-181c and hsp90. Finally, there was a significant decrease in ppargc1a relative abundance in the F1 generation which was associated with an increase in miR-129. Combined, these results suggest that parental exposure to multiple, environmentally relevant stressors can confer transcriptional and epigenetic responses in the F1 and F2 generations, although identifying which stressor is a driving force becomes unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Luu
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Ikert
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Cytochrome P450 Expression and Chemical Metabolic Activity before Full Liver Development in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120456. [PMID: 33322603 PMCID: PMC7763843 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are used widely in biomedical, toxicological, and developmental research, but information on their xenobiotic metabolism is limited. Here, we characterized the expression of 14 xenobiotic cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes in whole embryos and larvae of zebrafish (4 to 144 h post-fertilization (hpf)) and the metabolic activities of several representative human CYP substrates. The 14 CYPs showed various changes in expression patterns during development. Many CYP transcripts abruptly increased at about 96 hpf, when the hepatic outgrowth progresses; however, the expression of some cyp1s (1b1, 1c1, 1c2, 1d1) and cyp2r1 peaked at 48 or 72 hpf, before full liver development. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed cyp2y3, 2r1, and 3a65 transcripts in larvae at 55 hpf after exposure to rifampicin, phenobarbital, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from 30 hpf onward. Marked conversions of diclofenac to 4′-hydroxydiclofenac and 5-hydroxydiclofenac, and of caffeine to 1,7-dimethylxanthine, were detected as early as 24 or 50 hpf. The rate of metabolism to 4’-hydroxydiclofenac was more marked at 48 and 72 hpf than at 120 hpf, after the liver had become almost fully developed. These findings reveal the expression of various CYPs involved in chemical metabolism in developing zebrafish, even before full liver development.
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26
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Roy MA, Duche PR, Timme-Laragy AR. The sulfate metabolite of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) impairs Cyp1a activity and increases hepatic neutral lipids in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127609. [PMID: 32693259 PMCID: PMC7530052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) is widely detected in environmental samples, and this parent compound along with its metabolites 4-OH-PCB-11 and 4-PCB-11-Sulfate are detected in human serum. Our previous research in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos shows exposure to 20 μM PCB-11 inhibits Cyp1a enzyme activity and perturbs lipid metabolism pathways. In this study, wildtype AB embryos underwent acute exposures from 1 to 4 days post fertilization (dpf) to 0.002-20 μM 4-OH-PCB-11 or 0.2-20 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate, with and without co-exposures to 100 μg/L benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or 5 nM 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and were assessed for in vivo EROD activity and morphometrics. Chronic exposures from 1 to 15 dpf to assess lipid accumulation using Oil-Red-O staining were also conducted with 0.2 μM parent or metabolite compounds, alongside a co-exposure experiment of 0.002-0.2 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate and 10 μg/L B[a]P. For acute experiments, 2 and 20 μM 4-OH-PCB-11 was lethal but no Cyp1a or morphological effects were observed at lower concentrations; 20 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate significantly lowered the Cyp1a activity of B[a]P and PCB-126 but did not alter morphological development. For chronic experiments, 0.2 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate significantly increased lipid accumulation 30% in single exposures and 44% in co-exposures with B[a]P. Further long-term studies would better elucidate the effects of this contaminant, particularly in the context of environmentally-relevant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Perseverance R Duche
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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27
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Tang C, Shen C, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Chuang YJ, He C, Zuo Z. Exposure to the AhR agonist cyprodinil impacts the cardiac development and function of zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110808. [PMID: 32516676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyprodinil is a broad-spectrum pyrimidine amine fungicide that has been reportedly used worldwide. However, toxicity studies of cyprodinil on aquatic organisms, specifically zebrafish (Danio rerio), are lacking. In our present study, we predicted cyprodinil binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by using molecular docking simulation. Then, we used recombinant HepG2 cells and Tg(cyp1a1-12DRE:egfp) transgenic zebrafish to further assess the AhR agonistic activity of cyprodinil. Besides, the significant upregulation of cyp1a1 further verified that statement. Moreover, we found that zebrafish exposure to cyprodinil induced developmental toxicity in the larvae, particularly during cardiac development. The expression levels of cardiac development-related genes, namely tbx5, nkx2.5, gata4, and tnnt2, were markedly altered, which might cause the adverse effects of cyprodinil on cardiac function and development. In summary, we found that cyprodinil, as an AhR agonist, induced development toxicity in zebrafish larvae, especially on cardiac. Data here can assess the potential effects on organisms in the aquatic environment and promote the regulation and safe use of cyprodinil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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28
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Loerracher AK, Braunbeck T. Inducibility of cytochrome P450-mediated 7-methoxycoumarin-O-demethylase activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105540. [PMID: 32569997 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has increasingly been used as an alternative model in human and environmental toxicology. Since the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is of fundamental importance for the understanding and correct interpretation of the outcome of toxicological studies, constitutive and xenobiotic-induced 7-methoxycoumarin-O-demethylase (MCOD), i.e. 'mammalian CYP2-like', activities were monitored in vivo in zebrafish embryos via confocal laser scanning microscopy. In order to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the MCOD induction, dose-dependent effects of the prototypical CYP inducers β-naphthoflavone (aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist), rifampicin (pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist), carbamazepine and phenobarbital (constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) agonists) were analyzed in zebrafish embryos of varying age. Starting from 36 h of age, all embryonic stages of zebrafish could be shown to have constitutive MCOD activity, albeit with spatial variation and at distinct levels. Whereas carbamazepine, phenobarbital and rifampicin had no effect on in vivo MCOD activity in 96 h old zebrafish embryos, the model aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist β-naphthoflavone significantly induced MCOD activity in 96 h old zebrafish embryos at 46-734 nM, however, without a clear concentration-effect relationship. Induction of MCOD activity by β-naphthoflavone gradually decreased with progression of embryonic development. By in vivo characterization of constitutive and xenobiotic-induced MCOD activity patterns in 36, 60, 84 and 108 h old zebrafish embryos, this decrease could primarily be attributed to an age-related decline in the induction of MCOD activity in the cardiovascular system. Results of this study provide novel insights into the mechanism and extent, by which specific CYP activities in early life-stages of zebrafish can be influenced by exposure to xenobiotics. The study thus lends further support to the view that zebrafish embryos- at least from an age of 36 h - have an elaborate and inducible biotransformation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Loerracher
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Choi BS, Park JC, Kim MS, Han J, Kim DH, Hagiwara A, Sakakura Y, Hwang UK, Lee BY, Lee JS. The reference genome of the selfing fish Kryptolebias hermaphroditus: Identification of phases I and II detoxification genes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100684. [PMID: 32464543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The selfing fish Kryptolebias hermaphroditus has unique reproductive system for self-fertilization, making genetically homozygous offsprings. Here, we report on high density genetic map-based genome assembly for the K. hermaphroditus Panama line (PanRS). The numbers of scaffolds were 5212 and the genome was 683,992,224 bp (N50 = 27.45 Mb). The length of anchored scaffold onto 24 linkage groups was 652,231,070 bp (95.3% of genome) with 0.01% of the gap and 39.33% of GC content and complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs value was 96.6%. The numbers of annotated genes were 36,756 (average gene length 1368 bp) with the GC content of 54.1%. To examine the difference between the two sister species in the genus Kryptolebias, we compared the genomes of K. hermaphroditus PanRS and Kryptolebias marmoratus PAN line on the composition of transposable elements. To demonstrate applications of genome library, phase I and II detoxification related gene families have been analyzed, and compared the syntenies containing loci of CYP and GST genes on linkage groups. This K. hermaphroditus genome information will be helpful for a better understanding on genome-wide mechanistic view of detoxification and antioxidant-related genes over evolution in the view of fish environmental ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 46083, South Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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30
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Loerracher AK, Grethlein M, Braunbeck T. In vivo fluorescence-based characterization of cytochrome P450 activity during embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110330. [PMID: 32078841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life-stages are increasingly gaining attention as an alternative model in both human and environmental toxicology. Whereas there is amble knowledge about the transcription of various cytochrome P450 isoforms, the level of information about functional implications is still limited. This study investigated the development of CYP2-dependent 7-methoxycoumarin-O-demethylase (MCOD) activity throughout the early zebrafish development from 5 to 118 h post-fertilization (hpf) via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results demonstrate that zebrafish embryos exhibit constitutive MCOD activity from as early as 5.5 hpf. Characteristic spatiotemporal patterns were documented with MCOD activities localized in several tissues and organs, namely the cardiovascular system, the brain, the digestive system, and the urinary tract. The study thereby contributes to a better understanding of the development and functional role of CYP enzymes in zebrafish early life-stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Loerracher
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
| | - Martin Grethlein
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
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Efficacy of Voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus Infection Depends on Host Immune Function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00917-19. [PMID: 31740552 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00917-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifungal therapy can fail in a remarkable number of patients with invasive fungal disease, resulting in significant morbidity worldwide. A major contributor to this failure is that while these drugs have high potency in vitro, we do not fully understand how they work inside infected hosts. Here, we used a transparent larval zebrafish model of Aspergillus fumigatus infection amenable to real-time imaging of invasive disease as an in vivo intermediate vertebrate model to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of the antifungal drug voriconazole. We found that the ability of voriconazole to protect against A. fumigatus infection depends on host innate immune cells and, specifically, on the presence of macrophages. While voriconazole inhibits fungal spore germination and growth in vitro, it does not do so in larval zebrafish. Instead, live imaging of whole, intact larvae over a multiday course of infection revealed that macrophages slow down initial fungal growth, allowing voriconazole time to target and kill A. fumigatus hyphae postgermination. These findings shed light on how antifungal drugs such as voriconazole may synergize with the immune response in living hosts.
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Hamid N, Junaid M, Pei DS. Individual and combined mechanistic toxicity of sulfonamides and their implications for ecological risk assessment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121106. [PMID: 31487668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are conventional veterinary antibiotics that pose ecological risks in the aquatic environment. This study aims to evaluate the environmental concerns of SAs in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) and their toxicogenetic implications. Here, we employed various in vitro and in vivo bioassays to determine the combine toxicogenetic effects of SAs, which were further confirmed through applying Combination Index (CI) and Independent Action (IA) models. Among the investigated SAs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) appeared as the individual chemical with relatively high environmental effects and elevated in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Importantly, exposure to the binary mixtures of SAs induced higher developmental toxicity and significantly perturbed the detoxification pathway in zebrafish, compared to that of individual compound exposure. Moreover, the CI and IA models indicated greater synergistic effects of SAs binary mixtures as SMX-SMR, SMX-ST, and SPY-ST on the Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 at Fa = 0.5. Contrarily, IA model predicted the additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects of SAs mixtures on the transcriptional responses of detoxification pathways in zebrafish, implying the different mode of actions (MoAs) for SAs to induce mixture toxicity in vivo. Thus, the nature of toxicological interactions of SAs should be considered while performing their ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Hodkovicova N, Sehonova P, Blahova J, Faldyna M, Marsalek P, Mikula P, Chloupek P, Dobsikova R, Vecerek V, Vicenova M, Vosmerova P, Svobodova Z. The effect of the antidepressant venlafaxine on gene expression of biotransformation enzymes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1686-1696. [PMID: 31755053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of venlafaxine, a pharmaceutical commonly found in aquatic environment, was analyzed on non-target organism, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). D. rerio embryos were treated by two different concentrations of venlafaxine: either concentration relevant in aquatic environment (0.3 μg/L) or concentration that was two orders of magnitude higher (30 μg/L) for the evaluation of dose-dependent effect. Time-dependent effect was rated at 24, 96, and 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). For gene expression, genes representing one of the phases of xenobiotic biotransformation (0 to III) were selected. The results of this study showed that the effect of venlafaxine on the zebrafish embryos is the most evident at hatching (96 hpf). At this time, the results showed a downregulation of gene expression in each phase of biotransformation and in both tested concentrations. In contrast, an upregulation of most of the genes was observed 144 hpf for both tested venlafaxine concentrations. The study shows that venlafaxine can affect the gene expression of biotransformation enzymes in D. rerio embryos even in the environmentally relevant concentration and thus disrupt the process of biotransformation. Moreover, the pxr regulation of genes seems to be disrupted after venlafaxine exposure in dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Mikula
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chloupek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Dobsikova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Vecerek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Vicenova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vosmerova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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Jia Z, Zhao C, Wang M, Zhao X, Zhang W, Han T, Xia Q, Han Z, Lin R, Li X. Hepatotoxicity assessment of Rhizoma Paridis in adult zebrafish through proteomes and metabolome. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Junaid M, Wang Y, Hamid N, Deng S, Li WG, Pei DS. Prioritizing selected PPCPs on the basis of environmental and toxicogenetic concerns: A toxicity estimation to confirmation approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120828. [PMID: 31301631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), the pollutants of emerging concerns, present potential risks to the ecological environment. This study focused on the prioritization of widely used selected PPCPs belonging to two categories:personal care products (PCPs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We predicted the toxicogenetic endpoints of PPCPs and then confirmed them using experimental approaches. Our results revealed a significant similarity in the findings obtained through both approaches, indicating NSAIDs with relatively high environmental impacts and in vitro/vivo toxicity. Experimental approach revealed that musk xylene (MX) from PCPs and DIC from NSAIDs as individual chemicals of priority concern showed elevated environmental impacts and significantly induced pi3k-akt-mTOR in vitro. Similarly, propyl paraben (PP) from PCPs and diclofenac (DIC) from NSAIDs caused significant cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vitro. Moreover, PP and MX from the PCPs group and naproxen (NAP) and DIC from the NSAIDs group induced developmental toxicity and perturbations to phases I, II, and III detoxification pathways in vivo. In addition, MX and DIC as priority PPCPs inhibited hematopoiesis and hepatogenesis in vivo. Apart from the specific effects, PPCPs can be ranked as: MX > PP > methylparaben (MP) for PCPs, and DIC > NAP > ibuprofen (IBU) for NSAIDs, regarding their toxic and environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ji K, Seo J, Kho Y, Choi K. Co-exposure to ketoconazole alters effects of bisphenol A in Danio rerio and H295R cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124414. [PMID: 31352099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals are present in combination in ambient water, however toxicities of their mixtures are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of ketoconazole (KCZ) on the responses induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in zebrafish and in human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cells. After exposure to BPA alone or mixed with KCZ for 21 d, egg production, relative tissue weights, sex hormone levels, cytochrome P450 (CYP)3a activity, and transcriptions of genes related to CYP metabolism, vitellogenesis, and steroidogenesis were determined in zebrafish. Male fish were more sensitive to the adverse effects of BPA than females, and the presence of KCZ potentiated the BPA-induced estrogenic responses in the male and anti-estrogenic responses in the female fish. In male zebrafish exposed to BPA, a significant reduction in egg number and relative gonad weight, an increase in 17β-estradiol (E2) to testosterone (T) ratio, and an upregulation of vtg, erα, and cyp19a genes were observed. Under KCZ, BPA exposure resulted in a significant downregulation of cyp3a65 and pxr genes and an increase in estrogenic responses in males. In female fish, anti-estrogenic effects, such as a decrease in E2 concentration, were observed following the combined exposure. These results indicate that KCZ could increase the toxicity of the chemicals that depend on the given CYP metabolism for their elimination or other crucial functions such as steroidogenesis. Co-exposure to BPA and KCZ in H295R cells also increased E2 and decreased T production. Release and presence of this azole compound warrant caution, because it could modify adverse effects of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Seo
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Hammer B, Wagner C, Divac Rankov A, Reuter S, Bartel S, Hylkema MN, Krüger A, Svanes C, Krauss-Etschmann S. In utero exposure to cigarette smoke and effects across generations: A conference of animals on asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 48:1378-1390. [PMID: 30244507 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has risen markedly over the last decades and is reaching epidemic proportions. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, hampering the urgently needed development of approaches to prevent these diseases. It is well established from epidemiological studies that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the main risk factors for aberrant lung function development or reduced fetal growth, but also for the development of asthma and possibly COPD later in life. Of note, recent evidence suggests that the disease risk can be transferred across generations, that is, from grandparents to their grandchildren. While initial studies in mouse models on in utero smoke exposure have provided important mechanistic insights, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be filled. OBJECTIVE Thus, in this review, we summarize current knowledge on this topic derived from mouse models, while also introducing two other relevant animal models: the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS This review is based on an intensive review of PubMed-listed transgenerational animal studies from 1902 to 2018 and focuses in detail on selected literature due to space limitations. RESULTS This review gives a comprehensive overview of mechanistic insights obtained in studies with the three species, while highlighting the remaining knowledge gaps. We will further discuss potential (dis)advantages of all three animal models. CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE Many studies have already addressed transgenerational inheritance of disease risk in mouse, zebrafish or fly models. We here propose a novel strategy for how these three model organisms can be synergistically combined to achieve a more detailed understanding of in utero cigarette smoke-induced transgenerational inheritance of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hammer
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Wagner
- Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Divac Rankov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Krüger
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute for Life Science and Technology, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Dimitrov SD, Dermen IA, Dimitrova NH, Vasilev KG, Schultz TW, Mekenyan OG. Mechanistic relationship between biodegradation and bioaccumulation. Practical outcomes. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104411. [PMID: 31226393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the REACH Regulation, for all substances manufactured or imported in amounts of 10 or more tons per year, that are not exempted from the registration requirement, a Chemical Safety Assessment (CSA) must be conducted. According to CSA criteria, for these substances persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) assessment is requested. In order to reduce the number of applications of the expensive bioaccumulation test it seems useful to search thresholds for other related parameters above which no bioaccumulation is observed. Given the known relationship between ready biodegradability and bioaccumulation, one such parameter is biodegradation. This article addresses this relationship in searching for BOD threshold above which no vB and B chemicals could be observed. It was found that the regulatory criteria for persistency could be used for identification of not vB and B chemicals. In addition, fish liver metabolism is determined as the most significant factor in reducing of maximum bioaccumulation potential of the chemicals. It was found that parameters associated with the models simulating fish metabolism could be also used for identification of not vB and B chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabcho D Dimitrov
- Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry, University "Prof. As. Zlatarov", 8010, Bourgas, Bulgaria
| | - Irina A Dermen
- Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry, University "Prof. As. Zlatarov", 8010, Bourgas, Bulgaria.
| | - Nadezhda H Dimitrova
- Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry, University "Prof. As. Zlatarov", 8010, Bourgas, Bulgaria.
| | - Krasimir G Vasilev
- Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry, University "Prof. As. Zlatarov", 8010, Bourgas, Bulgaria.
| | - Terry W Schultz
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996-4500, USA.
| | - Ovanes G Mekenyan
- Laboratory of Mathematical Chemistry, University "Prof. As. Zlatarov", 8010, Bourgas, Bulgaria.
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Coupling Genome-wide Transcriptomics and Developmental Toxicity Profiles in Zebrafish to Characterize Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Hazard. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102570. [PMID: 31130617 PMCID: PMC6566387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are diverse environmental pollutants associated with adverse human health effects. Many studies focus on the carcinogenic effects of a limited number of PAHs and there is an increasing need to understand mechanisms of developmental toxicity of more varied yet environmentally relevant PAHs. A previous study characterized the developmental toxicity of 123 PAHs in zebrafish. Based on phenotypic responses ranging from complete inactivity to acute mortality, we classified these PAHs into eight bins, selected 16 representative PAHs, and exposed developing zebrafish to the concentration of each PAH that induced 80% phenotypic effect. We conducted RNA sequencing at 48 h post fertilization to identify gene expression changes as a result of PAH exposure. Using the Context Likelihood of Relatedness algorithm, we inferred a network that links the PAHs based on coordinated gene responses to PAH exposure. The 16 PAHs formed two broad clusters: Cluster A was transcriptionally more similar to the controls, while Cluster B consisted of PAHs that were generally more developmentally toxic, significantly elevated cyp1a transcript levels, and induced Ahr2-dependent Cyp1a protein expression in the skin confirmed by gene-silencing studies. We found that cyp1a transcript levels were associated with transcriptomic response, but not with PAH developmental toxicity. While all cluster B PAHs predominantly activated Ahr2, they also each enriched unique pathways like ion transport signaling, which likely points to differing molecular events between the PAHs downstream of Ahr2. Thus, using a systems biology approach, we have begun to evaluate, classify, and define mechanisms of PAH toxicity.
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Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae are a uniquely powerful model system which investigate the effects of toxicant exposure on liver development and function. Manufacturing processes and development of new synthetic compounds increased rapidly since the middle of the twentieth century, resulting in widespread exposure to environmental toxicants. This is compounded by the shift in the global burden of disease from infectious agents to chronic disease, particularly in industrialized nations, which increases the need to investigate the long-term and transgenerational effects of environmental exposures on human health. Zebrafish provide an excellent model to investigate the mechanisms of action of environmental pollutants given their large-scale embryo production and rapid development, which allow for short-term assessment of toxicity in a whole animal system. Here we describe methods for the use of zebrafish to study hepatotoxicity and liver disease induced by chemical toxicants. Many of the genetic, molecular, and cellular processes are conserved between zebrafish and mammals, enabling translation to human populations and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bambino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaime Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Elemental imaging (LA-ICP-MS) of zebrafish embryos to study the toxicokinetics of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor naled. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:617-627. [PMID: 30443774 PMCID: PMC6338705 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo is an important model in ecotoxicology but the spatial distribution of chemicals and the relation to observed effects is not well understood. Quantitative imaging can help to gain insights into the distribution of chemicals in the zebrafish embryo. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used to quantify the uptake and the uptake kinetics of the bromine (Br) containing organophosphate naled (Dibrom®, dimethyl-1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethylphosphate) and its distribution in zebrafish embryos using Br as the marker element. During exposure, the Br amounts increase in the embryos parallel to the irreversible inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The final amount of Br in the embryo (545 pmol/embryo) corresponds to a 280-fold enrichment of naled from the exposure solution. However, LC-MS/MS analyses showed that the internal concentration of naled remained below the LOD (7.8 fmol/embryo); also the concentration of its known transformation product dichlorvos remained low (0.85 to 2.8 pmol/embryo). These findings indicate the high reactivity and high transformation rate of naled to other products than dichlorvos. 12C normalized intensity distributions of Br in the zebrafish embryo showed an enrichment of Br in its head region. Kernel density estimates of the LA-ICP-MS data were calculated and outline the high reproducibility between replicated and the shift in the Br distribution during exposure. The Br enrichment indicates a preferential debromination or direct covalent reaction of naled with AChE in this region. ᅟ ![]()
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de Souza Anselmo C, Sardela VF, de Sousa VP, Pereira HMG. Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A valuable tool for predicting the metabolism of xenobiotics in humans? Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 212:34-46. [PMID: 29969680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish has become a popular model organism in several lines of biological research sharing physiological, morphological and histological similarities with mammals. In fact, many human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have direct orthologs in zebrafish, suggesting that zebrafish xenobiotic metabolic profiles may be similar to those in mammals. The focus of the review is to analyse the studies that have evaluated the metabolite production in zebrafish over the years, either of the drugs themselves or xenobiotics in general (environmental pollutants, natural products, etc.), bringing a vision of how these works were performed and comparing, where possible, with human metabolism. Early studies that observed metabolic production by zebrafish focused on environmental toxicology, and in recent years the main focus has been on toxicity screening of pharmaceuticals and drug candidates. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of standardization of the model and the knowledge of the extent of similarity with human metabolism. Zebrafish screenings are performed at different life stages, typically being carried out in adult fish through in vivo assays, followed by early larval stages and embryos. Studies comparing metabolism at the different zebrafish life stages are also common. As with any non-human model, the zebrafish presents similarities and differences in relation to the profile of generated metabolites compared to that observed in humans. Although more studies are still needed to assess the degree to which zebrafish metabolism can be compared to human metabolism, the facts presented indicate that the zebrafish is an excellent potential model for assessing xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina de Souza Anselmo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LBCD-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, LabCQ, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Bss36, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Figueiredo Sardela
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LBCD-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LPDI-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, LabCQ, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Bss36, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcelo Gualberto Pereira
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Institute of Chemistry, LBCD-LADETEC, Av Horácio Macedo, 1281, 21941-598, Polo de Química, bloco C, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Liu Y, Junaid M, Wang Y, Tang YM, Bian WP, Xiong WX, Huang HY, Chen CD, Pei DS. New toxicogenetic insights and ranking of the selected pharmaceuticals belong to the three different classes: A toxicity estimation to confirmation approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 201:151-161. [PMID: 29909292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline hydrochloride (TH), indomethacin (IM), and bezafibrate (BF) belong to the three different important classes of pharmaceuticals, which are well known for their toxicity and environmental concerns. However, studies are still elusive to highlight the mechanistic toxicity of these pharmaceuticals and rank them using both, the toxicity prediction and confirmation approaches. Therefore, we employed the next generation toxicity testing in 21st century (TOX21) tools and estimated the in vitro/vivo toxic endpoints of mentioned pharmaceuticals, and then confirmed them using in vitro/vivo assays. We found significant resemblance in the results obtained via both approaches, especially in terms of in vivo LC50 s and developmental toxicity that ranked IM as most toxic among the studied pharmaceuticals. However, TH appeared most toxic with the lowest estimated AC50s, the highest experimental IC50s, and DNA damages in vitro. Contrarily, IM was found as congener with priority concern to activate the Pi3k-Akt-mTOR pathway in vitro at concentrations substantially lower than that of TH and BF. Further, IM exposure at lower doses (2.79-13.97 μM) depressed the pharmaceuticals detoxification phase I (CYP450 s), phase II (UGTs, SULTs), and phase III (TPs) pathways in zebrafish, whereas, at relatively higher doses, TH (2.08-33.27 μM) and BF (55.28-884.41 μM) partially activated these pathways, which ultimately caused the developmental toxicity in the following order: IM > TH > BF. In addition, we also ranked these pharmaceuticals in terms of their particular toxicity to myogenesis, hematopoiesis, and hepatogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Our results revealed that IM significantly affected myogenesis, hematopoiesis, and hepatogenesis, while TH and BF induced prominent effects on hematopoiesis via significant downregulation of associated genetic markers, such as drl, mpx, and gata2a. Overall, our findings confirmed that IM has higher toxicity than that of TH and BF, therefore, the consumption of these pharmaceuticals should be regulated in the same manner to ensure human and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Mei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wan-Ping Bian
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wen-Xu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Hai-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Chun-Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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Giorgio V, Schiavone M, Galber C, Carini M, Da Ros T, Petronilli V, Argenton F, Carelli V, Acosta Lopez MJ, Salviati L, Prato M, Bernardi P. The idebenone metabolite QS10 restores electron transfer in complex I and coenzyme Q defects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:901-908. [PMID: 29694828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idebenone is a hydrophilic short-chain coenzyme (Co) Q analogue, which has been used as a potential bypass of defective complex I in both Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and OPA1-dependent Dominant Optic Atrophy. Based on its potential antioxidant effects, it has also been tested in degenerative disorders such as Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases. Idebenone is rapidly modified but the biological effects of its metabolites have been characterized only partially. Here we have studied the effects of quinones generated during in vivo metabolism of idebenone with specific emphasis on 6-(9-carboxynonyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (QS10). QS10 partially restored respiration in cells deficient of complex I or of CoQ without inducing the mitochondrial permeability transition, a detrimental effect of idebenone that may offset its potential benefits [Giorgio et al. (2012) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1817: 363-369]. Remarkably, respiration was largely rotenone-insensitive in complex I deficient cells and rotenone-sensitive in CoQ deficient cells. These findings indicate that, like idebenone, QS10 can provide a bypass to defective complex I; and that, unlike idebenone, QS10 can partially replace endogenous CoQ. In zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with rotenone, QS10 was more effective than idebenone in allowing partial recovery of respiration (to 40% and 20% of the basal respiration of untreated embryos, respectively) and allowing zebrafish survival (80% surviving embryos at 60 h post-fertilization, a time point at which all rotenone-treated embryos otherwise died). We conclude that QS10 is potentially more active than idebenone in the treatment of diseases caused by complex I defects, and that it could also be used in CoQ deficiencies of genetic and acquired origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giorgio
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Galber
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- INSTM Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- INSTM Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuel J Acosta Lopez
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- INSTM Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Hurem S, Martín LM, Lindeman L, Brede DA, Salbu B, Lyche JL, Aleström P, Kamstra JH. Parental exposure to gamma radiation causes progressively altered transcriptomes linked to adverse effects in zebrafish offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:855-863. [PMID: 29248853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation causes a variety of effects, including DNA damage associated to cancers. However, the effects in progeny from irradiated parents is not well documented. Using zebrafish as a model, we previously found that parental exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with effects in offspring, such as increased hatching rates, deformities, increased DNA damage and reactive oxygen species. Here, we assessed short (one month) and long term effects (one year) on gene expression in embryonic offspring (5.5 h post fertilization) from zebrafish exposed during gametogenesis to gamma radiation (8.7 or 53 mGy/h for 27 days, total dose 5.2 or 31 Gy) using mRNA sequencing. One month after exposure, a global change in gene expression was observed in offspring from the 53 mGy/h group, followed by embryonic death at late gastrula, whereas offspring from the 8.7 mGy/h group was unaffected. Interestingly, one year after exposure newly derived embryos from the 8.7 mGy/h group exhibited 2390 (67.7% downregulated) differentially expressed genes. Overlaps in differentially expressed genes and enriched biological pathways were evident between the 53 mGy/h group one month and 8.7 mGy/h one year after exposure, but were oppositely regulated. Pathways could be linked to effects in adults and offspring, such as DNA damage (via Atm signaling) and reproduction (via Gnrh signaling). Comparison with gene expression analysis in directly exposed embryos indicate transferrin a and cytochrome P450 2x6 as possible biomarkers for radiation response in zebrafish. Our results indicate latent effects following ionizing radiation exposure from the lower dose in parents that can be transmitted to offspring and warrants monitoring effects over subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Hurem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, CoE CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo Martín Martín
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, CoE CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Agropecuary Sciences, Department of Morphophysiology, University of Camagüey, 74 650 Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Leif Lindeman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, CoE CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, CoE CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, CoE CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, CoE CERAD, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Lee BY, Kim DH, Kim HS, Kim BM, Han J, Lee JS. Identification of 74 cytochrome P450 genes and co-localized cytochrome P450 genes of the CYP2K, CYP5A, and CYP46A subfamilies in the mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:7. [PMID: 29295707 PMCID: PMC5751882 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus is the only vertebrate that reproduces by self-fertilizing and is an important model species in genetics and marine ecotoxicology. Using whole-genome and transcriptome sequences, we identified all members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family in this model teleost and compared them with those of other teleosts. RESULTS A total of 74 cytochrome P450 genes and one pseudogene were identified in K. marmoratus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CYP genes in clan 2 were most expanded, while synteny analysis with other species showed orthologous relationships of CYP subfamilies among teleosts. In addition to the CYP2K expansions, five tandem duplicated gene copies of CYP5A were observed. These features were unique to K. marmoratus. CONCLUSIONS These results shed a light on CYP gene evolution, particularly the co-localized CYP2K, CYP5A, and CYP46A subfamilies in fish. Future studies of CYP expression could identify specific endogenous and exogenous environmental factors that triggered the evolution of tandem CYP duplication in K. marmoratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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Wang S, Dong Y, Su K, Zhang J, Wang L, Han A, Wen C, Wang X, He Y. Effect of codeine on CYP450 isoform activity of rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1223-1227. [PMID: 28253826 PMCID: PMC6130733 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1297466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Codeine, also known as 3-methylmorphine, is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine and for diarrhoea. No study on the effects of codeine on the metabolic capacity of CYP enzyme is reported. OBJECTIVE In order to investigate the effects of codeine on the metabolic capacity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, a cocktail method was employed to evaluate the activities of CYP2B1, CYP2D1, CYP1A2, CYP3A2 and CYP2C11. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into codeine group (low, medium, high) and control group. The codeine group rats were given 4, 8, 16 mg/kg (low, medium, high) codeine by continuous intragastric administration for 14 days. Five probe drugs bupropion, metroprolol, phenacetin, midazolam and tolbutamide were given to rats through intragastric administration, and the plasma concentrations were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic parameters of bupropion and metroprolol experienced obvious change with AUC(0-t), Cmax increased and CL decreased for bupropion in medium dosage group and midazolam low dosage group. This result indicates that the 14 day-intragastric administration of codeine may inhibit the metabolism of bupropion (CYP2B1) and midazolam (CYP3A2) in rat. Additional, there are no statistical differences for albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (Cr) after 14 intragastric administration of codeine, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UA) increased compared to control group. The biomedical test results show continuous 14 day-intragastric administration of codeine would cause liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yanwen Dong
- Laboratory Animal Centre of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Su
- Laboratory Animal Centre of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Centre of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linyi Wang
- Laboratory Animal Centre of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anyue Han
- Laboratory Animal Centre of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jackson JS, Kennedy CJ. Regulation of hepatic abcb4 and cyp3a65 gene expression and multidrug/multixenobiotic resistance (MDR/MXR) functional activity in the model teleost, Danio rerio (zebrafish). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28624525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug/multixenobiotic resistance (MDR/MXR) confers resistance to a diverse range of potentially toxic pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants through a cellular response that involves the coordinated induction and activity of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the Phase I metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). In mammals, ligand-mediated pregnane X receptor (PXR) transcriptional activity regulates the induction of P-gp and CYP3A; however, this mechanism has not been well-characterized in piscine species. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with the Pxr agonist pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) showed decreased P-gp (zebrafish Abcb4) and CYP3A (zebrafish Cyp3a65) mRNA levels after 48h exposure; however, treatment with PCN also resulted in increased hepatic MDR/MXR functional activity (i.e. increased Rhodamine 123 efflux) in vivo. Consistent with mammalian-like MDR/MXR regulated by PXR, the PCN-mediated modulation of hepatic Abcb4 and Cyp3a65 mRNA levels and MDR/MXR functional activity was attenuated by co-treatment with PCN and the mammalian PXR antagonist, ketoconazole (KTC). These results provide evidence that zebrafish Pxr may play a role in MDR/MXR through transcriptional regulation of abcb4 and cyp3a65 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Way, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher J Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Way, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Usefulness of zebrafish larvae to evaluate drug-induced functional and morphological renal tubular alterations. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:411-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Hartman JH, Kozal JS, Di Giulio RT, Meyer JN. Zebrafish have an ethanol-inducible hepatic 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase that is not CYP2E1-like. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:142-145. [PMID: 28728133 PMCID: PMC5563387 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an attractive model organism for toxicology; however, an important consideration in translating between species is xenobiotic metabolism/bioactivation. CYP2E1 metabolizes small hydrophobic molecules, e.g. ethanol, cigarette smoke, and diesel exhaust components. CYP2E1 is thought to only be conserved in mammals, but recent reports identified homologous zebrafish cytochrome P450s. Herein, ex vivo biochemical measurements show that unlike mammals, zebrafish possess a low-affinity 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase (Km ∼0.6 mM) in hepatic microsomes and mitochondria that is inducible only 1.5- to 2-fold by ethanol and is insensitive to 4-methylpyrazole inhibition. In closing, we suggest creating improved models to study CYP2E1 in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Hartman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Jordan S Kozal
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Richard T Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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