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Veronese N, Ragusa FS, Maggi S, Witard OC, Smith L, Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M, Isanejad M, Prokopidis K. Effect of the Mediterranean diet on incidence of heart failure in European countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024:10.1038/s41430-024-01519-4. [PMID: 39354155 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, and its prevalence is increased due to age, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests that the Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) is linked to lower all-cause mortality in patients with increased cardiovascular disease risk, such as those with HF. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies into the relationship between the Med Diet on HF risk. DESIGN Several databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) until the 01st of May 2023 were searched. Our research was conducted based on the updated 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were reported as risk ratios (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as results of multivariate or univariate analyses. RESULTS From the original 1206 studies collected, six observational prospective studies were included, with a total of 216,385 European participants without evidence of HF at baseline. Over a mean period of 11 years of follow-up, a 1-point increase in the Med Diet score was associated with a significantly lower risk of HF (RR = 0.940; 95% CI: 0.912-0.969, p < 0.0001; I2 = 42.9%). Categorised by sex, a higher adherence to Med Diet was associated with a significantly lower incidence of HF in women (RR = 0.942; 95% CI: 0.912-0.973, p = 0.001; I2 = 41.8%), but not in men. The overall quality of included studies was good. CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to Med Diet across European countries is associated with lower risk of HF, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saverio Ragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ligia J Dominguez
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "G. D'Alessandro"-PROMISE-University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Ataei Kachouei A, Mohammadifard N, Haghighatdoost F, Hajihashemi P, Zarepur E, Nouhi F, Kazemi T, Salehi N, Solati K, Ghaffari S, Gholipour M, Heybar H, Alikhasi H, Sarrafzadegan N. Adherence to EAT-Lancet reference diet and risk of premature coronary artery diseases: a multi-center case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03475-y. [PMID: 39167176 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, a globally sustainable dietary pattern that primarily emphasizes the consumption of plant-based foods was proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission. However, there is limited evidence regarding the association of this diet with coronary events. OBJECTIVES To determine the association between the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet (ELD) and premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) risk and its severity. METHODS This multi-center, case-control study was conducted within the framework of the Iran premature coronary artery disease (I-PAD). A total of 3185 participants aged under 70 years in women and 60 years in men were included. Cases were those whose coronary angiography showed stenosis ≥ 75% in at least one vessel or ≥ 50% in the left main artery (n = 2033), while the controls had normal angiography results (n = 1152). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was utilized to examine the association between ELD and presence of PCAD. RESULTS Compared with individuals in the first quartile, those in the highest quartile of ELD (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.39; P for trend < 0.001) and ELD calculated with minimum intake (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.52; P < 0.001) had lower risk of PCAD. Individuals in the highest quartile of adherence to the ELD and ELD with minimum intake had 78% and 72% lower risk of having severe PCAD compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSION An inverse association was observed between adherence to the ELD and PCAD risk and its severity. Large-scale prospective cohort studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ataei Kachouei
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Parisa Hajihashemi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zarepur
- Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereydoon Nouhi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Network of Cardiovascular Research (INCVR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nahid Salehi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Gholipour
- Department of Cardiology, Healthy Heart Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Habib Heybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Alikhasi
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Norton C, Clarke E, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Tierney A. Mediterranean Diet in Older Irish Adults: Prevalence, Patterns, Predictors and Pertinence. Nutrients 2024; 16:2615. [PMID: 39203752 PMCID: PMC11357667 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) shows the strongest evidence in support of healthy aging and prevention of age-related diseases. It is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cognitive disease. Given the health-promoting aspects of this diet, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from the LifeAge study ("Promoting the shift: sedentary Lifestyle towards active Ageing-LifeAge" Project No 603121-EPP-1-2018-1-ES-SPO-SCP) with the primary aim to determine the proportion of older Irish adults adhering to the MD and to examine the association between adherence to the MD (assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) scoring tool) and anthropometric risk factors of non-communicable diseases. Of the 131 eligible participants (71.8% female, n = 94) (medically well, aged > 50 years and physically independent) (mean age = 66.2 ± 6.5 years), the mean cumulative MD score across the cohort was 5.8 ± 2.2, with 41% classified as moderate-to-high MD adherers (scoring > 7 MEDAS). Females had a significantly higher score compared to males (female 6.24 ± 1.98; male 4.86 ± 2.53; p = 0.002). Age (y), waist circumference (cm) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) each had a significant (p < 0.05) weak and negative correlation with MD score (r = -0.193, -0.240, -0.284, respectively). Visceral fat level had a significant (p < 0.05) moderate and negative correlation with MD score (r = -0.327). This analysis is the first to assess adherence to the MD in older Irish adults. MD adherence was lower in the Irish older cohort than that reported in older adults in Mediterranean regions and was adhered to more by females and those with a more favourable anthropometric profile. The health-promoting aspects of the diet are evident in non-Mediterranean regions as is demonstrated by the lesser incidence of some non-communicable diseases in moderate-to-high adherers. With the evidence of the protective effects of the MD, external to Mediterranean regions, it would be helpful to establish limitations to adherence, especially in aging populations living in non-Mediterranean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Norton
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Elaine Clarke
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Audrey Tierney
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Discipline of Dietetics, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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Cenni S, Sesenna V, Boiardi G, Casertano M, Di Nardo G, Esposito S, Strisciuglio C. The Mediterranean Diet in Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 36615737 PMCID: PMC9823641 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide, thanks to a combination of foods rich mainly in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients. Many studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between the Mediterranean diet and some chronic gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the role of the Mediterranean diet in several gastrointestinal diseases, so as to give a useful overview on its effectiveness in the prevention and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sesenna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Boiardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Casertano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine & Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Impact of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on the Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169097. [PMID: 36012362 PMCID: PMC9409393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide characterized by the deposition of lipids and fibrous elements in the form of atheroma plaques in vascular areas which are hemodynamically overloaded. The global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is steadily increasing and is considered the largest known non-infectious pandemic. The management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing the cost of health care worldwide, which is a concern for researchers and physicians and has caused them to strive to find effective long-term strategies to improve the efficiency of treatments by managing conventional risk factors. Primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the preferred method to reduce cardiovascular risk. Fasting, a Mediterranean diet, and caloric restriction can be considered useful clinical tools. The protective impact of physical exercise over the cardiovascular system has been studied in recent years with the intention of explaining the mechanisms involved; the increase in heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and regulators of cardiac myocyte proliferation concentration seem to be the molecular and biochemical shifts that are involved. Developing new therapeutic strategies such as vagus nerve stimulation, either to prevent or slow the disease’s onset and progression, will surely have a profound effect on the lives of millions of people.
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Khalil M, Shanmugam H, Abdallah H, John Britto JS, Galerati I, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:3112. [PMID: 35956289 PMCID: PMC9370259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term "Mitochondria nutrients" has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Jerlin Stephy John Britto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galerati
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
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Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Girão H, Salgueiro L. Natural Products in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Potential of Plants from the Allioideae Subfamily (Ex-Alliaceae Family) and Their Sulphur-Containing Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1920. [PMID: 35893624 PMCID: PMC9332240 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and, together with associated risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, greatly impact patients' quality of life and health care systems. This burden can be alleviated by fomenting lifestyle modifications and/or resorting to pharmacological approaches. However, due to several side effects, current therapies show low patient compliance, thus compromising their efficacy and enforcing the need to develop more amenable preventive/therapeutic strategies. In this scenario, medicinal and aromatic plants are a potential source of new effective agents. Specifically, plants from the Allioideae subfamily (formerly Alliaceae family), particularly those from the genus Allium and Tulbaghia, have been extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of several CVDs and associated risk factors, mainly due to the presence of sulphur-containing compounds. Bearing in mind this potential, the present review aims to gather information on traditional uses ascribed to these genera and provide an updated compilation of in vitro and in vivo studies validating these claims as well as clinical trials carried out in the context of CVDs. Furthermore, the effect of isolated sulphur-containing compounds is presented, and whenever possible, the relation between composition and activity and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Alves-Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.M.A.-S.); (M.Z.); (H.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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Eating Habits among US Firefighters and Association with Cardiometabolic Outcomes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132762. [PMID: 35807942 PMCID: PMC9268786 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of on-duty mortality among firefighters, with obesity as an important risk factor. However, little is known regarding the dietary patterns which are characteristic in this population and how these patterns relate to cardiometabolic outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary patterns of US firefighters and examine their association with cardiometabolic outcomes. The participants (n = 413) were from the Indianapolis Fire Department, and were recruited for a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-sponsored Mediterranean diet intervention study. All of the participants underwent physical and medical examinations, routine laboratory tests, resting electrocardiograms, and maximal treadmill exercise testing. A comprehensive food frequency questionnaire was administered, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and the percentage of body fat was 28.1 ± 6.6%. Using principal component analysis, two dietary patterns were identified, namely a Mediterranean diet and a Standard American diet. Following the adjustment for gender, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), max metabolic equivalents (METS), age, and body fat percent, the Mediterranean diet was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β = 1.20, p = 0.036) in linear regression models. The Standard American diet was associated with an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β = −3.76, p = 0.022). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet was associated with more favorable cardiometabolic profiles, whereas the Standard American diet had an inverse association. These findings could help in providing adequate nutrition recommendations for US firefighters to improve their health.
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De Cosmi V, Mazzocchi A, Milani GP, Agostoni C. Dietary Patterns vs. Dietary Recommendations. Front Nutr 2022; 9:883806. [PMID: 35592632 PMCID: PMC9113217 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.883806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) are important for developing labeling laws, identifying populations at risk of over- or under-consumption, and promoting public health interventions. However, the process of developing DRVs is quite complex, and they should not be viewed as recommendations ready to use or goals for individuals. Rather, they require interpretation by professionals and can form the basis of dietary advice. On the other hand, focusing on foods rather than macronutrients can assist individuals in understanding a healthy diet by taking into consideration many variables that may help compliance with a healthy dietary style. Evolution, tradition within specific geographical and historical contexts, taste, economic affordability, season-associated local dietary resources, and lifestyle may all explain the increasing popularity of dietary patterns that are highly successful today. Three models (the Mediterranean, New Nordic, and Japanese) have been recently characterized for geographical setting and food composition, as well as the associated lifestyle. Of note, all these three models rely on pyramids sharing a large basis made up of local vegetal resources and a top of red meats (allowed in many cases, but in limited amounts), thus allowing for the urgent demand of sustainability for the planet's health. This mini-review aimed to summarize the meaning of DRVs and to describe the dietary patterns that better contemplate health, diet diversity, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Mazzocchi
| | - Gregorio P. Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Ghaddar F, Zeidan RK, Salameh P, Tatari S, Achkouty G, Maupas-Schwalm F. Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Among Lebanese Women: A Case–Control Study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:297-311. [PMID: 35464735 PMCID: PMC9021001 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s350108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Women are increasingly concerned by coronary heart disease (CHD), with peculiarities of their own, particularly concerning risk factors. The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for CHD in Lebanese women over forty. Patients and Methods A case–control study was carried out in 6 hospitals in Beirut and Mount-Lebanon, from December 2018 to December 2019 including 1500 patients (1200 controls and 300 cases). Women were stratified into pre- and post-menopausal groups. Personal and medical data were collected from hospital records and during an interview where validated questionnaires were used. Binary logistic regressions were performed to investigate potential predictors of CHD in the 2 groups. Results In post-menopausal women, dyslipidemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.018; 95% confidence interval, 2.102–4.332), hypertension (aOR: 2.449, [1.386–4.327]), a family history of CHD (aOR: 2.724, [1.949–3.808]), cigarette smoking (aOR: 2.317, [1.574–3.410]) and common non-rheumatic joint pain (aOR: 1.457, [1.053–2.016]) were strongly associated with CHD. Conversely, living in Mount Lebanon seemed protective, compared to Beirut (aOR: 0.589, [0.406–0.854]), as well as having a moderate monthly income (aOR: 0.450, [0.220–0.923]), adhering to a Mediterranean diet (aOR: 0.965, [0.936–0.994]), and practicing physical activity [PA] (aOR: 0.396, [0.206–0.759] and 0.725, [0.529–0.992], respectively for high and moderate vs low PA). In pre-menopausal women, dyslipidemia (aOR: 6.938, [1.835–26.224]), hypertension (aOR: 6.195, [1.318–29.119]), family histories of dyslipidemia (aOR: 6.143, [1.560–24.191]) and CHD (aOR: 4.739, [1.336–16.805]) reached statistical significance. Conclusion The identification of factors associated with CHD in women, some of which are frequent and trivialized in post-menopause, underlines the need to put in place specific and dedicated CHD prevention strategies in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ghaddar
- Doctoral School of Biology Health and Biotechnologies, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: Fatima Ghaddar, Doctoral school of Biology Health and Biotechnologies, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France, Tel +32 470 53 71 52, Email
| | - Rouba K Zeidan
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Public Health II, Lebanese University, Mount-Lebanon, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
- CERIPH, Center for Research in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Mount-Lebanon, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Souzan Tatari
- Cardiology department, Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Guy Achkouty
- Cardiology Department, Mount Lebanon University Hospital, Mount-Lebanon, Lebanon
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11
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Fernández AI, Bermejo J, Yotti R, Martínez-Gonzalez MÁ, Mira A, Gophna U, Karlsson R, Al-Daccak R, Martín-Demiguel I, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, Charron D, Fernández-Avilés F. The impact of Mediterranean diet on coronary plaque vulnerability, microvascular function, inflammation and microbiome after an acute coronary syndrome: study protocol for the MEDIMACS randomized, controlled, mechanistic clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:795. [PMID: 34772433 PMCID: PMC8588729 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary prevention trials have demonstrated that the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, this benefit has not been proven for secondary prevention after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that a high-intensity Mediterranean diet intervention after an ACS decreases the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques by complex interactions between anti-inflammatory effects, microbiota changes and modulation of gene expression. Methods The MEDIMACS project is an academically funded, prospective, randomized, controlled and mechanistic clinical trial designed to address the effects of an active randomized intervention with the Mediterranean diet on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, coronary endothelial dysfunction and other mechanistic endpoints. One hundred patients with ACS are randomized 1:1 to a monitored high-intensity Mediterranean diet intervention or to a standard-of-care arm. Adherence to diet is assessed in both arms using food frequency questionnaires and biomarkers of compliance. The primary endpoint is the change (from baseline to 12 months) in the thickness of the fibrous cap of a non-significant atherosclerotic plaque in a non-culprit vessel, as assessed by repeated optical coherence tomography intracoronary imaging. Indices of coronary vascular physiology and changes in gastrointestinal microbiota, immunological status and protein and metabolite profiles will be evaluated as secondary endpoints. Discussion The results of this trial will address the key effects of dietary habits on atherosclerotic risk and will provide initial data on the complex interplay of immunological, microbiome-, proteome- and metabolome-related mechanisms by which non-pharmacological factors may impact the progression of coronary atherosclerosis after an ACS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03842319. Registered on 13 May 2019 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05746-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Fernández
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Yotti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, CIBEROBN, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, and CIBERESP, Valencia, Spain
| | - Uri Gophna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg; Sweden Nanoxis Consulting AB; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-97f, Université Paris-Diderot, HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Irene Martín-Demiguel
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Ibanes
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominique Charron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-97f, Université Paris-Diderot, HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Benajiba N, Dodge E, Khaled MB, Chavarria EA, Sammartino CJ, Aboul-Enein BH. Technology-based nutrition interventions using the Mediterranean diet: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1419-1433. [PMID: 34664675 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Over the past 2 decades, overweight and obesity rates have increased exponentially, along with related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) has been suggested as a potential way to mitigate the health burdens related to overweight and obesity. OBJECTIVE For this review, the literature on MDiet-focused digital interventions was examined to determine efficacy, best practices, and potential limitations. DATA SOURCES The search was conducted across 15 databases for relevant publications published through April 2020 in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, or Italian. DATA EXTRACTION Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed using a combination of keywords and phrases and evaluated independently for relevance, merit, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. DATA ANALYSIS The systematic literature review resulted in 15 articles that met the search criteria. Ten interventions were delivered online, and 5 were delivered via smartphone using an app. The majority of online MDiet-focused interventions were effective, particularly when modeled after evidence-based and best-practice online nutrition education interventions. Such interventions also are effective for promoting positive health behaviors and health outcomes, such as increased physical activity, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a lower total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. CONCLUSION Technology-based interventions to educate and promote adherence to the MDiet are successful in helping individuals achieve the stated outcomes. More research is needed to determine the efficacy of MDiet interventions delivered via smartphone apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Benajiba
- Nada Benajiba is with the Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Elizabeth Dodge is with the College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. Meghit Boumédiène Khaled is with the Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition, Pathology, Biotechnology and Health, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria. Enmanuel A. Chavarria is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Cara J. Sammartino is with the College of Health & Wellness, Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Basil H. Aboul-Enein is with the Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Dodge
- Nada Benajiba is with the Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Elizabeth Dodge is with the College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. Meghit Boumédiène Khaled is with the Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition, Pathology, Biotechnology and Health, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria. Enmanuel A. Chavarria is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Cara J. Sammartino is with the College of Health & Wellness, Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Basil H. Aboul-Enein is with the Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meghit Boumédiène Khaled
- Nada Benajiba is with the Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Elizabeth Dodge is with the College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. Meghit Boumédiène Khaled is with the Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition, Pathology, Biotechnology and Health, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria. Enmanuel A. Chavarria is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Cara J. Sammartino is with the College of Health & Wellness, Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Basil H. Aboul-Enein is with the Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enmanuel A Chavarria
- Nada Benajiba is with the Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Elizabeth Dodge is with the College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. Meghit Boumédiène Khaled is with the Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition, Pathology, Biotechnology and Health, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria. Enmanuel A. Chavarria is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Cara J. Sammartino is with the College of Health & Wellness, Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Basil H. Aboul-Enein is with the Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cara J Sammartino
- Nada Benajiba is with the Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Elizabeth Dodge is with the College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. Meghit Boumédiène Khaled is with the Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition, Pathology, Biotechnology and Health, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria. Enmanuel A. Chavarria is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Cara J. Sammartino is with the College of Health & Wellness, Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Basil H. Aboul-Enein is with the Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Basil H Aboul-Enein
- Nada Benajiba is with the Department of Health Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Elizabeth Dodge is with the College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, Maine, USA. Meghit Boumédiène Khaled is with the Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Nutrition, Pathology, Biotechnology and Health, Djillali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Algeria. Enmanuel A. Chavarria is with the Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Cara J. Sammartino is with the College of Health & Wellness, Department of Health Science, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Basil H. Aboul-Enein is with the Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Gonçalves-Martins G, Gil-Sala D, Tello-Díaz C, Tenezaca-Sari X, Marrero C, Puig T, Gayarre R, Fité J, Bellmunt-Montoya S. Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Associated Vascular Risk Factors in 65-Years-Old People of Northern Barcelona. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4467. [PMID: 34640483 PMCID: PMC8509737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Northern Barcelona at 65 years of age. METHODS A single-center, cross-sectional study, including males and females 65 years of age, health care cardholders of Barcelona Nord. PAD was defined as an ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.9. Attending subjects were evaluated for a history of common cardiovascular risk factors. A REGICOR score was obtained, as well as a physical examination and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS From November 2017 to December 2018, 1174 subjects were included: 479 (40.8%) female and 695 (59.2%) male. Overall prevalence of PAD was 6.2% (95% CI: 4.8-7.6%), being 7.9% (95% CI: 5.9-9.9%) in males and 3.8% (95% CI: 2.1-5.5%) in females. An independent strong association was seen in male smokers and diabetes, with ORs pf 7.2 (95% CI: 2.8-18.6) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0-3.3), respectively, and in female smokers and hypertension, with ORs of 5.2 (95% CI: 1.6-17.3) and 3.3 (95% CI: 1.2-9.0). Male subjects presented with higher REGICOR scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher-risk groups are seen in male subjects with a history of smoking and diabetes and female smokers and arterial hypertension, becoming important subgroups for our primary healthcare centers and should be considered for ABI screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gonçalves-Martins
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.T.-D.); (X.T.-S.); (C.M.); (S.B.-M.)
- Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Gil-Sala
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.T.-D.); (X.T.-S.); (C.M.); (S.B.-M.)
| | - Cristina Tello-Díaz
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.T.-D.); (X.T.-S.); (C.M.); (S.B.-M.)
| | - Xavier Tenezaca-Sari
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.T.-D.); (X.T.-S.); (C.M.); (S.B.-M.)
| | - Carlos Marrero
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.T.-D.); (X.T.-S.); (C.M.); (S.B.-M.)
| | - Teresa Puig
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CIBERCV. 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Gayarre
- Primary Care Department, Institut Català de la Salut, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Medicina, Unitat Docent Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Fité
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), CIBERCV, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sergi Bellmunt-Montoya
- Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (G.G.-M.); (C.T.-D.); (X.T.-S.); (C.M.); (S.B.-M.)
- Departament de Cirurgia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Meshkani SE, Kooshki A, Alahabadi A, Lari Najafi M, Rad A, Riahimanesh F, Miri M. Dietary pattern and telomere length in preschool children in a middle-income country. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13146. [PMID: 33543592 PMCID: PMC8189250 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) has been associated with lifestyle and dietary pattern. However, the available evidence on this association in children is scarce, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary pattern and leukocyte TL (LTL) in preschool children, Sabzevar, Iran (2017). This cross-sectional study was based on 187 preschool children (aged 5 to 7) recruited from 27 kindergartens. Nutrition information including amounts of consumed dairy products, meat and processed meat products, nuts and seeds, white bread and refined grains, fruits, vegetables, simple sugars, fats and drinks was obtained through a questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects models were fitted with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plate ID and kindergartens as random effects to estimate the association of each food group consumption with LTL, controlled for relevant covariates. Higher consumption of dairy products and sugar was associated with shorter LTL (β = -0.180, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.276, -0.085, P value <0.001 and β = -0.139, 95% CI: -0.193, -0.086, P value <0.001, respectively). An increase in consumption of fish, nuts and seeds, coloured fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and olive was significantly associated with the increase in relative LTL. The associations for the consumption of legumes, other fruits, yellow and orange vegetables, red meat, egg, white bread and refined grains, solid and liquid fats, processed meats, potato chips, carbonated drinks, tea (black) and soft drinks groups were not statistically significant. Our findings showed that there was an association between the consumption of certain food groups with LTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Elyas Meshkani
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, School of MedicineSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Ahmad Alahabadi
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental HealthSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Forough Riahimanesh
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental HealthSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
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Doxey RS, Krug MF, Tivis R. The Lunch Conference Diet: Fostering Resident Engagement in Culinary Medicine Through a Curriculum Centered on Changes to Provided Conference Food. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:249-255. [PMID: 34025315 DOI: 10.1177/1559827621994499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the burden of chronic disease attributable to lifestyle, most internal medicine residents do not receive adequate training in nutrition and nutrition counseling. METHODS We held a culinary medicine workshop in September 2018, followed by didactic sessions throughout the academic year. Changes were made to lunch conference food to more closely follow the Mediterranean diet and to encourage healthy eating. With a modified NUTCOMP (Nutrition Competence Questionnaire) instrument, we assesses residents' perceived competence with nutrition counseling before and after the curriculum. RESULTS Twenty-six of 30 residents completed the pre-curriculum and post-curriculum surveys (not the same 26). The mean NUTCOMP score increased from 3.5 to 4.0 (P < .0001), indicating an increased perceived competence with nutritional counseling. Residents felt that nutritional counseling was important before and after the curriculum (4.2 to 4.3, P = .48). Conference food was more nutritious at the end of the intervention (Mediterranean diet score range 1-4 to 4-7) and residents enjoyed the food more. CONCLUSIONS An innovative, multimodal nutrition curriculum centered on changes to catered lunch conference food improved resident's confidence with nutritional counseling. This could feasibly be integrated into other residency programs with supportive leadership and adequate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richmond S Doxey
- University of Washington-Boise VA Internal Medicine Residency, Boise, Idaho
| | - Michael F Krug
- University of Washington-Boise VA Internal Medicine Residency, Boise, Idaho
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Saavedra S, Fernández-Recamales Á, Sayago A, Cervera-Barajas A, González-Domínguez R, Gonzalez-Sanz JD. Impact of dietary mercury intake during pregnancy on the health of neonates and children: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:317-328. [PMID: 33954792 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Growing evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to methyl mercury through the maternal diet could have great influence on the neurological and physical development of neonates and young children. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical repercussions of maternal exposure to methyl mercury during pregnancy on the health of fetuses, neonates, and children up to 8 years of age. DATA SOURCES The Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Dialnet Plus databases were searched for articles published in English or Spanish from 1990 to 2020. STUDY SELECTION Original articles published in English or Spanish from 1990 to 2020 were eligible for inclusion. All study designs were eligible. Animal studies were excluded. Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion. From the 971 records initially identified, 19 studies were included in the systematic review. DATA EXTRACTION PRISMA guidelines were followed. Outcomes extracted included maternal dietary exposure to methyl mercury during pregnancy, possible health repercussions in offspring up to 8 years of age, and quantitative measurement of mercury in a biological sample. All studies met the requirements established for assessing both study quality and risk of bias. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to mercury was consistently associated with lower birth weight, but only one study reported a negative association with length at birth. Higher mercury levels were also related to lower scores in various neuropsychological and developmental tests. CONCLUSION The literature shows clear evidence of the adverse effects of maternal methyl mercury exposure on anthropometric variables and cognitive or physical development in children. It is noteworthy, however, that mercury toxicity may sometimes be mitigated by other essential nutrients in the maternal diet, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Saavedra
- S. Saavedra and J.D. Gonzalez-Sanz are with the Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Á. Fernández-Recamales, A. Sayago, and R. González-Domínguez are with the AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; and the Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. A. Cervera-Barajas is with the Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángeles Fernández-Recamales
- S. Saavedra and J.D. Gonzalez-Sanz are with the Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Á. Fernández-Recamales, A. Sayago, and R. González-Domínguez are with the AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; and the Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. A. Cervera-Barajas is with the Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Sayago
- S. Saavedra and J.D. Gonzalez-Sanz are with the Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Á. Fernández-Recamales, A. Sayago, and R. González-Domínguez are with the AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; and the Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. A. Cervera-Barajas is with the Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Cervera-Barajas
- S. Saavedra and J.D. Gonzalez-Sanz are with the Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Á. Fernández-Recamales, A. Sayago, and R. González-Domínguez are with the AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; and the Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. A. Cervera-Barajas is with the Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- S. Saavedra and J.D. Gonzalez-Sanz are with the Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Á. Fernández-Recamales, A. Sayago, and R. González-Domínguez are with the AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; and the Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. A. Cervera-Barajas is with the Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan D Gonzalez-Sanz
- S. Saavedra and J.D. Gonzalez-Sanz are with the Department of Nursing, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. Á. Fernández-Recamales, A. Sayago, and R. González-Domínguez are with the AgriFood Laboratory, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; and the Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain. A. Cervera-Barajas is with the Department of Nursing, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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The Beneficial Health Effects of Vegetables and Wild Edible Greens: The Case of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Sustainability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept as currently known describes the dietary patterns that were followed in specific regions of the area in the 1950s and 1960s. The broad recognition of its positive effects on the longevity of Mediterranean populations also led to the adoption of this diet in other regions of the world, and scientific interest focused on revealing its health effects. MD is not only linked with eating specific nutritional food products but also with social, religious, environmental, and cultural aspects, thus representing a healthy lifestyle in general. However, modern lifestyles adhere to less healthy diets, alienating people from their heritage. Therefore, considering the increasing evidence of the beneficial health effects of adherence to the MD and the ongoing transitions in consumers’ behavior, the present review focuses on updating the scientific knowledge regarding this diet and its relevance to agrobiodiversity. In addition, it also considers a sustainable approach for new marketing opportunities and consumer trends of the MD.
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Vajdi M, Farhangi MA. A systematic review of the association between dietary patterns and health-related quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:337. [PMID: 33046091 PMCID: PMC7552532 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is a potent indicator of individual's happiness and life satisfaction. The way in which the HRQOL is affected by the diet is a topic of constant interest and debate among researchers. Evaluating the association between single nutrients or foods and HRQOL fails to take into consideration the complex interactions between nutrients. Also, the findings from previous investigations on the relationship between dietary patterns and HRQOL have been inconsistent. Therefore, our aim was to assess the existing evidence regarding the relationship between the dietary patterns and HRQOL by conducting a systematic review. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google scholar databases from inception to March 2020, to identify studies that investigated associations between the dietary patterns (regardless of methods used to define dietary patterns) and HRQOL domains. Two researchers independently checked titles and abstracts, evaluated full-text studies, extracted data, and appraised their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS Thirteen studies (four longitudinal, and nine cross-sectional studies), with a total of 43,445 subjects, were included. Of the studies included in this review, eight studies evaluated the association between "Mediterranean" dietary patterns (MDP) and HRQOL, while five studies examined the association between different dietary patterns ("Healthy", "Unhealthy", "Western", "Fruit and vegetable", "Bread and butter" and etc.) and HRQOL. Excluding three studies which showed no significant association, healthy dietary patterns such as MDP, "Healthy" and "Fruit and vegetable" dietary patterns were associated with better HRQOL in physical and mental components scores. The quality assessment of included studies according to NOS criteria were ranged between medium to high quality. CONCLUSION According to the current evidence, "Healthy" dietary patterns and "Mediterranean" dietary patterns are associated with better dimension scores of HRQOL in both physical and mental summaries. While, unhealthy dietary patterns and "Western" dietary patterns are associated with lower scores of HRQOL. Further longitudinal studies are required to clarify the association between dietary patterns and HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Shakour ZTA, Fayek NM, Farag MA. How do biocatalysis and biotransformation affect Citrus dietary flavonoids chemistry and bioactivity? A review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:689-714. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1753648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab T. Abdel Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrin M. Fayek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Muggeridge DJ, Goszcz K, Treweeke A, Adamson J, Hickson K, Crabtree D, Megson IL. Co-ingestion of Antioxidant Drinks With an Unhealthy Challenge Meal Fails to Prevent Post-prandial Endothelial Dysfunction: An Open-Label, Crossover Study in Older Overweight Volunteers. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1293. [PMID: 31681007 PMCID: PMC6797614 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating a high calorie meal is known to induce endothelial dysfunction and it is reported that consuming drinks rich in antioxidants may be protective against this. In this study we assessed the effects of three antioxidant drinks with considerable disparity in their antioxidant content on endothelial function. Seven apparently healthy overweight and older adults (BMI 25-35; mean age 57 ± 3 years; one male, six females) completed four trials in a randomized counterbalanced design. Water (control), orange juice, green tea, or red wine were consumed with a high calorie meal (>900 kcal). Endothelial function was measured by flow-mediated dilatation immediately before (fasted, baseline) and 2 h after the meal. Blood samples were also obtained for lipid and glucose analysis, plasma nitrite ( NO 2 - ) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Participants returned after a minimum 3 days washout to complete the remaining arms of the study. The results found that the high calorie meal induced a substantial increase in triglycerides, but not cholesterol or glucose, at 2 h after meal ingestion. FMD was significantly reduced by ∼35% at this timepoint, but the effect was not attenuated by co-ingestion of any of the antioxidant drinks. Reduced FMD was mirrored by a reduction in NO 2 - , but ox-LDL was not increased at 2 h after the meal. None of the undertaken measures were influenced by the antioxidant drinks. We conclude that co-ingestion of none of our test antioxidant drinks protected against the substantial post-prandial endothelial dysfunction induced by an unhealthy meal challenge in our sample population at a 2 h timepoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Muggeridge
- Free Radical Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
- Active Health Exercise Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Goszcz
- Free Radical Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Treweeke
- Free Radical Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Adamson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Hickson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
- Active Health Exercise Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Crabtree
- Active Health Exercise Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Megson
- Free Radical Research Facility, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
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21
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D'Innocenzo S, Biagi C, Lanari M. Obesity and the Mediterranean Diet: A Review of Evidence of the Role and Sustainability of the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1306. [PMID: 31181836 PMCID: PMC6627690 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several different socio-economic factors have caused a large portion of the population to adopt unhealthy eating habits that can undermine healthcare systems, unless current trends are inverted towards more sustainable lifestyle models. Even though a dietary plan inspired by the principles of the Mediterranean Diet is associated with numerous health benefits and has been demonstrated to exert a preventive effect towards numerous pathologies, including obesity, its use is decreasing and it is now being supplanted by different nutritional models that are often generated by cultural and social changes. Directing governments' political actions towards spreading adherence to the Mediterranean Diet's principles as much as possible among the population could help to tackle the obesity epidemic, especially in childhood. This document intends to reiterate the importance of acting in certain age groups to stop the spread of obesity and proceeds with a critical review of the regulatory instruments used so far, bearing in mind the importance of the scientific evidence that led to the consideration of the Mediterranean Diet as not just a food model, but also as the most appropriate regime for disease prevention, a sort of complete lifestyle plan for the pursuit of healthcare sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa D'Innocenzo
- Prochild Project, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Biagi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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22
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Gavahian M, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Lorenzo JM, Munekata PE, Garcia-Mantrana I, Collado MC, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Barba FJ. Health benefits of olive oil and its components: Impacts on gut microbiota antioxidant activities, and prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nagpal R, Shively CA, Register TC, Craft S, Yadav H. Gut microbiome-Mediterranean diet interactions in improving host health. F1000Res 2019; 8:699. [PMID: 32704349 PMCID: PMC7359750 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18992.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in host health and disease. Host diet is one of the most significant modulators of the gut microbial community and its metabolic activities. Evidence demonstrates that dietary patterns such as the 'Western diet' and perturbations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis) have strong associations with a wide range of human diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, consumption of Mediterranean-style diets is considered healthy and associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, colorectal cancers and many other diseases. Such beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet might be attributed to high proportion of fibers, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and polyphenols. Concurrent literature has demonstrated beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome following a Mediterranean-style diet in humans as well as in experimental animal models such as rodents. We recently demonstrated similar positive changes in the gut microbiome of non-human primates consuming a Mediterranean-style diet for long term (30 months). Therefore, it is rational to speculate that this positive modulation of the gut microbiome diversity, composition and function is one of the main factors intermediating the health effects of Mediterranean diet on the host. The present perspective discusses the evidences that the Mediterranean diet induces gut microbiome modulation in rodents, non-human primates and human subjects, and discusses the potential role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites as one of the fundamental catalysts intermediating various beneficial health effects of Mediterranean diet on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Division of Internal Medicine - Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology - Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Thomas C. Register
- Department of Pathology - Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Division of Internal Medicine - Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27101, USA
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24
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Olive fruit (Olea europaea L.): Chemopreventive effect in the rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Garcia-Mantrana I, Selma-Royo M, Alcantara C, Collado MC. Shifts on Gut Microbiota Associated to Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Specific Dietary Intakes on General Adult Population. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:890. [PMID: 29867803 PMCID: PMC5949328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the interaction between gut microbiome, diet, and health. It is known that dysbiosis is related to disease and that most of the times this imbalances in gut microbial populations can be promoted through diet. Western dietary habits, which are characterized by high intakes of calories, animal proteins, saturated fats, and simple sugars have been linked with higher risk of obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the impact of dietary patterns, dietary components, and nutrients on gut microbiota in healthy people. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of nutrient compounds as well as adherence to a dietary pattern, as the Mediterranean diet (MD) on the gut microbiome of healthy adults. Consequently, gut microbiota composition in healthy individuals, may be used as a potential biomarker to identify nutritional habits as well as risk of disease related to these habits. Dietary information from healthy volunteers (n = 27) was recorded using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adherence to the MD was measured using the PREDIMED test. Microbiota composition and diversity were obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microbial metabolic activity was determined by quantification of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that a higher ratio of Firmicutes–Bacteroidetes was related to lower adherence to the MD, and greater presence of Bacteroidetes was associated with lower animal protein intake. High consumption of animal protein, saturated fats, and sugars affected gut microbiota diversity. A significant higher presence of Christensenellaceae was found in normal-weight individuals compared to those who were overweight. This was also the case in volunteers with greater adherence to the MD compared to those with lower adherence. Butyricimonas, Desulfovibrio, and Oscillospira genera were associated with a BMI <25 and the genus Catenibacterium with a higher PREDIMED score. Higher bifidobacterial counts, and higher total SCFA were related to greater consumption of plant-based nutrients, such as vegetable proteins and polysaccharides. Better adherence to the MD was associated with significantly higher levels of total SCFA. Consequently, diet and specific dietary components could affect microbiota composition, diversity, and activity, which may have an effect on host metabolism by increasing the risk of Western diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Garcia-Mantrana
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alcantara
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
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Jin YY, Singh P, Chung HJ, Hong ST. Blood Ammonia as a Possible Etiological Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E564. [PMID: 29734664 PMCID: PMC5986444 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by cognitive decline and devastating neurodegeneration, is the most common age-related dementia. Since AD is a typical example of a complex disease that is affected by various genetic and environmental factors, various factors could be involved in preventing and/or treating AD. Extracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of tau undeniably play essential roles in the etiology of AD. However, interestingly enough, medications targeting Aβ or tau all failed and the only clinically efficient medications for AD are drugs targeting the cholinergic pathway. Also, a very intriguing discovery in AD is that the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), containing an unusually large quantity of Lactobacilli, is very effective in preventing AD. Based on recently emerging findings, it is our opinion that the reduction of blood ammonia levels by Lactobacilli in MeDi is the therapeutic agent of MeDi for AD. The recent evidence of Lactobacilli lowering blood ammonia level not only provides a link between AD and MeDi but also provides a foundation of pharmabiotics for hyperammonemia as well as various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
| | - Parul Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
| | - Seong-Tschool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Korea.
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27
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Morel S, Portolese O, Chertouk Y, Leahy J, Bertout L, Laverdière C, Krajinovic M, Sinnett D, Levy E, Marcil V. Development and relative validation of a food frequency questionnaire for French-Canadian adolescent and young adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nutr J 2018; 17:45. [PMID: 29679986 PMCID: PMC5911374 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) experience cardiometabolic and bone complications after treatments. This study aimed at developing and validating an interview-administrated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that will serve to estimate the impact of nutrition in the development of long-term sequalea of French-Canadian cALL survivors. METHODS The FFQ was developed to assess habitual diet, Mediterranean diet score, nutrients promoting bone health and antioxidants. It was validated using a 3-day food record (3-DFR) in 80 cALL survivors (50% male) aged between 11.4 and 40.1 years (median of 18.0 years). Reproducibility was evaluated by comparing FFQs from visit 1 and 2 in 29 cALL survivors. RESULTS When compared to 3-DFR, the mean values for macro- and micronutrient intake were overestimated by our FFQ with the exception of lipid-related nutrients. Correlations between nutrient intakes derived from the FFQs and the 3-DFRs showed moderate to very good correlations (0.46-0.74). Intraclass correlation coefficients assessing FFQ reproducibility ranged from 0.62 to 0.92, indicating moderate to good reliability. Furthermore, classification into quartiles showed more than 75% of macro- and micronutrients derived from FFQs 1 and 2 classified into the same or adjacent quartile. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results support the reproducibility and accuracy of the developed FFQ to appropriately classify individuals according to their dietary intake. This validated tool will be valuable for future studies analyzing the impact of nutrition on cardiometabolic and bone complications in French-speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Morel
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Olivia Portolese
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Yasmine Chertouk
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Jade Leahy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Laurence Bertout
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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Lemamsha H, Papadopoulos C, Randhawa G. Understanding the risk and protective factors associated with obesity amongst Libyan adults - a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:493. [PMID: 29653525 PMCID: PMC5899402 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are a range of multifaceted behavioural and societal factors that combine to contribute to the causes of obesity. However, it is not yet known how particularly countries’ cultural norms are contributing to the global obesity epidemic. Despite obesity reaching epidemic proportions in Libya, since the discovery of oil in 1959, there is a lack of information about obesity in Libyan adults. This study sought to explore the views of key informants about the risk and protective factors associated with obesity among Libyan men and women. Methods A series of qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with Libyan healthcare professionals and community leaders. Results Eleven main themes (risk and protective factors) were identified, specifically: socio-demographic and biological factors, socioeconomic status, unhealthy eating behaviours, knowledge about obesity, social-cultural influences, Libya’s healthcare facilities, physical activity and the effect of the neighbourhood environment, sedentary behaviour, Libyan food-subsidy policy, and suggestions for preventing and controlling obesity. Conclusions Key recommendations are that an electronic health information system needs to be implemented and awareness about obesity and its causes and consequences needs to be raised among the public in order to dispel the many myths and misconceptions held by Libyans about obesity. The current political instability within Libya is contributing to a less-active lifestyle for the population due to security concerns and the impact of curfews. Our findings have implications for Libyan health policy and highlight the urgent need for action towards mitigating against the obesity epidemic in Libya.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lemamsha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Bayda Campus, Labraq Road, Al-Bayda, B1L12, Libya
| | - C Papadopoulos
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Hitchin Road, Luton, LU2 8LE, UK
| | - G Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Hitchin Road, Luton, LU2 8LE, UK.
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Ismail SR, Maarof SK, Siedar Ali S, Ali A. Systematic review of palm oil consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193533. [PMID: 29489910 PMCID: PMC5831100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) coupled with the rising availability and consumption of palm oil have lead to the assumption that palm oil contributes to the increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. We aimed at systematically synthesising the association of palm oil consumption with cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality. METHODS We systematically searched Central, Medline and Embase databases up to June 2017 without restriction on setting or language. We performed separate searches based on the outcomes: coronary heart disease and stroke, using keywords related to these outcomes and palm oil. We searched for published interventional and observational studies in adults (Age: >18 years old). Two investigators extracted data and a consensus was reached with involvement of a third. Only narrative synthesis was performed for all of the studies, as the data could not be pooled. RESULTS Our search retrieved 2,738 citations for stroke with one included study and 1,777 citations for coronary heart disease (CHD) with four included studies. Palmitic acid was reported to be associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 2.76; 95%CI = 1.39-5.47). Total SFA intake was reported to be not significant for risk of MI. Varying intake of fried foods, highest contributor to total SFA with 36% of households using palm oil for frying, showed no significant associations to risk of MI. Odds of developing first non-fatal acute MI was higher in palm oil compared to soybean oil with 5% trans-fat (OR = 1.33; 95%CI = 1.09-1.62) than palm oil compared to soybean oil with 22% trans-fat (OR = 1.16; 95%CI = 0.86-1.56). Nevertheless, these risk estimates were non-significant and imprecise. The trend amongst those taking staple pattern diet (characterised by higher palm oil, red meat and added sugar consumption) was inconsistent across the factor score quintiles. During the years of 1980 and 1997, for every additional kilogram of palm oil consumed per-capita annually, CHD mortality risk was 68 deaths per 100,000 (95% CI = 21-115) in developing countries and 17 deaths per 100,000 (95%CI = 5.3-29) in high-income countries, whereas stroke was associated with 19 deaths per 100,000 (95%CI = -12-49) and 5.1 deaths per 100,000 (95% CI: -1.2-11) respectively. The evidence for the outcomes of this review were all graded as very low. The findings of this review should be interpreted with some caution, owing to the lack of a pooled effect estimate of the association, significant bias in selection criteria and confounding factors, inclusion of other food items together with palm oil, and the possible out-dated trend in the ecological study. CONCLUSION In view of the abundance of palm oil in the market, quantifying its true association with CVD outcomes is challenging. The present review could not establish strong evidence for or against palm oil consumption relating to cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality. Further studies are needed to establish the association of palm oil with CVD. A healthy overall diet should still be prioritised for good cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rasheeqa Ismail
- Cardiovascular, Diabetes & Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khuzaimah Maarof
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syazwani Siedar Ali
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Ali
- Cardiovascular, Diabetes & Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Maciejewska D, Michalczyk M, Czerwińska-Rogowska M, Banaszczak M, Ryterska K, Jakubczyk K, Piotrwski J, Hołowko J, Drozd A, Wysokińki P, Ficek K, Wilk K, Lubkowska A, Cięszczyk P, Bertrand J, Stachowska E. Seeking Optimal Nutrition for Healthy Body Mass Reduction among Former Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2017; 60:63-75. [PMID: 29339986 PMCID: PMC5765786 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of 6 week Mediterranean diet or 30% calorie restriction on the fatty acid profile and eicosanoids (hydroxyoctadecadienoi acids and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids) concentration. Furthermore, basic biochemical variables such as insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and a lipid profile were estimated. The study enrolled 94 Caucasian former athletes aged 20-42, with body height of 179 ± 16.00 cm and body mass of 89.26 ± 13.25 kg who had not been active for at least 5 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups: CR group – the 30% calorie restriction (n = 32), MD group - the Mediterranean diet (n = 34), and C group - a control group (n = 28). The pattern of nutrition was analysed before and after the experiment using the 72 h food diaries. In order to evaluate the effect of diet intervention, the following variables were measured: anthropometrics, basic biochemical variables (insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile), fatty acids and their blood derivatives profiles. The CR group showed significantly lower levels of several biochemical variables, i.e., BMI, total cholesterol LDL, TG, total lipids, insulin and HOMA – IR (p < 0.05). Subjects consuming the MD diet significantly decreased their BMI and reduced the level of total lipids (p < 0.05). We did not find any significant changes in the C group. The analysis of the fatty acid profile revealed that the CR group had a significantly decreased EPA level (p < 0.05). The MD group showed a significantly increased level of the DHA (p < 0.05) and improvement in the omega - 3 index (p < 0.05). Subjects following the MD also showed significantly lower concentrations of 15 - hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). We did not observe any significant differences between the CR and C groups. Within short time, calorie restriction helps to improve lipid variables and insulin resistance. The MD diet seems to be more advantageous in the decrease of inflammation, but does not improve basic biochemical variables. We can conclude that calorie restriction can be a good choice for former athletes, although EPA and DHA supplementation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Michalczyk
- Department of Sports Nutrition, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Banaszczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Piotrwski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Hołowko
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Wysokińki
- Medical Education Unit, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Department of Medicine and Sport Physioteraphy, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wilk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Department of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bertrand
- Department of Hygiene and Physiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Bendall CL, Mayr HL, Opie RS, Bes-Rastrollo M, Itsiopoulos C, Thomas CJ. Central obesity and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review of intervention trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3070-3084. [PMID: 29039967 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1351917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Central obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and is a risk factor for cardiometabolic syndrome. The Mediterranean diet pattern has a convincing evidence-base for improving cardiometabolic health. This review investigated the impact of Mediterranean diet interventions on central obesity, specifically. A systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. Search terms included: 'Mediterranean Diet', 'Mediterranean dietary pattern', 'central obesity' and 'visceral fat'. The search was limited to English language and humans ≥18 years. Eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria and reported at least one outcome measure of central obesity with Mediterranean diet intervention. Central obesity measures included waist circumference (16 studies), waist-hip ratio (5 studies) and visceral fat (2 studies). Thirteen (72%) of the studies, totaling 7186 subjects (5168 subjects assigned to a Mediterranean Diet), reported a significant reduction in central obesity with a Mediterranean-type diet. However, seven out of these 13 interventions employed energy restriction, and only three showed a statistically significant favorable effect of the Mediterranean diet relative to a control group. This systematic review highlights the potential for a Mediterranean diet intervention to reduce central obesity and in turn reduce obesity-related chronic disease risk and associated public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Bendall
- a Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport , School of Allied Health, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - H L Mayr
- a Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport , School of Allied Health, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - R S Opie
- a Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport , School of Allied Health, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - M Bes-Rastrollo
- b Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health , University of Navarra , Spain.,c CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Spain.,d IDISNA Navarra's Health Research Institute
| | - C Itsiopoulos
- a Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport , School of Allied Health, La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
| | - C J Thomas
- e Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences , La Trobe University , Victoria , Australia
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Htun NC, Suga H, Imai S, Shimizu W, Takimoto H. Food intake patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese adults: analyses from the 2012 National Health and nutrition survey, Japan. Nutr J 2017; 16:61. [PMID: 28927404 PMCID: PMC5605968 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing global interest in the role of Japanese diet as a possible explanation for the nation's healthy diet, which contributes to the world's highest life-expectancy enjoyed in Japan. However, nationwide studies on current food intake status among general Japanese population have not been established yet. This study examined the association between food intake patterns and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (SBP, DBP), HbA1c and blood lipid profiles among general Japanese adults. METHODS De-identified data on the Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) 2012 with a total of 11,365 subjects aged 20-84 years were applied. Food intake patterns were derived by principal component analysis (PCA) based on 98 food groups. Generalized linear regression analysis was used to assess the relation between the food intake patterns and CVRF. RESULTS We identified three food intake patterns: traditional Japanese, Westernized, and meat and fat patterns. Traditional Japanese pattern was significantly related to high WC and BMI in men, and high DBP in women. Westernized pattern was associated with lower SBP, but high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in both men and women. Meat and fat pattern was associated with high WC, high BMI, high blood pressure and blood lipid profiles in both men and women (trend P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The significant association between cardiovascular disease risks and three food intake patterns derived from the NHNS, showed a similar tendency to other dietary survey methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Chi Htun
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Hitomi Suga
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Shino Imai
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Wakana Shimizu
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636 Japan
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Patel S. Stressor-driven extracellular acidosis as tumor inducer via aberrant enzyme activation: A review on the mechanisms and possible prophylaxis. Gene 2017; 626:209-214. [PMID: 28546124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
When the extracellular pH of human body vacillates in either direction, tissue homeostasis is compromised. Fluctuations in acidity have been linked to a wide variety of pathological conditions, including bone loss, cancer, allergies, and auto-immune diseases. Stress conditions affect oxygen tension, and the resultant hypoxia modulates the expression and/or activity of membrane-tethered transporters/pumps, transcription factors, enzymes and intercellular junctions. These modifications provoke erratic gene expression, aberrant tissue remodeling and oncogenesis. While the physiological optimization of pH in tissues is practically challenging, it is at least theoretically achievable and can be considered as a possible therapy to resolve a broad array of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 92182 San Diego, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr San Diego, CA 92182, USA..
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Baselga-Escudero L, Souza-Mello V, Pascual-Serrano A, Rachid T, Voci A, Demori I, Grasselli E. Beneficial effects of the Mediterranean spices and aromas on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kurniawan J, Suga K, Kuhl TL. Interaction forces and membrane charge tunability: Oleic acid containing membranes in different pH conditions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:211-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Geyer C. Lifestyle, Lipids, and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in a Woman With Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10:348-352. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827616654103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Geyer
- Medical Director, Canyon Ranch in Lenox, Massachusetts
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Tomasović Mrčela N, Borovac JA, Vrdoljak D, Grazio S, Tikvica Luetić A, Tomek-Roksandić S. When elders choose: Which factors could influence the decision-making among elderly in the selection of health tourism services? Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:898-904. [PMID: 26386485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly beneficiaries (age 65+) exhibit specific characteristics that influence the distribution of health tourism market. High incidence of multiple morbidities and functional disability are hallmarks in this age group. For these reasons, elderly population requires different elements and diverse spectrum of services within health tourism, in comparison to younger beneficiaries. Thus, differences would occur within heterogeneous elderly population itself. A preliminary study that we conducted showed that the level of functional independence was one of the significant factors that guided decision-making among elderly beneficiaries when it came to their health tourism-related choices. Results suggested that beneficiaries recognized and appreciated the effect of the natural remedies and attractions available at the given destination. HYPOTHESIS Maritime and continental health tourism are two different entities commonly selected by elderly beneficiaries for therapeutic purposes. We propose that the climate conditions, geographical location and availability of regional natural remedies are the key factors to why different services were elected by different groups of elderly. The model of Croatia, an established country in the field of health tourism was utilized for this purpose. Differences in the diagnostic categories of beneficiaries are expected due to effects of marine (sea, Mediterranean climate) and continental (thermal water, healing mud) health tourism. In addition, multitudes of mutually intertwined factors affect decision-making process among elderly regarding their health tourism choices. Such factors include the scale of preferences (with special emphasis on well-being and health), leisure opportunities, marketing influences, cost (price) and the availability/diversity of health tourism services within the particular region. Moreover, individual psychosocial and physical characteristics, disabilities and other debilitating conditions, examined in our preliminary study, significantly contributed to the decision-making scheme. We shouldn't disregard sociodemographic and cultural preferences among elderly as potential factors. CONCLUSIONS Confirmation of our hypothesis could change the usual approach towards the group of elderly beneficiaries (65+) in the health tourism domain. This approach is often largely based on chronological age criteria exclusively. The contents of this manuscript could serve as a blueprint for the development of comprehensive and sustainable health tourism strategies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tomasović Mrčela
- Dr. Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Health Care of the Elderly, Mirogojska cesta 16, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - J A Borovac
- University of Split, School of Medicine (MEFST), Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - D Vrdoljak
- University of Split, School of Medicine (MEFST), Department of Family Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia.
| | - S Grazio
- Clinic for Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Hospital Center "Sisters of Mercy", Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Tikvica Luetić
- School of Health Science, DIU Libertas International University, Svetog Dominika 4, 20 000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
| | - S Tomek-Roksandić
- Dr. Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Health Care of the Elderly, Mirogojska cesta 16, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Hou L, Li F, Wang Y, Ou Z, Xu D, Tan W, Dai M. Association between dietary patterns and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:781-790. [PMID: 25785058 PMCID: PMC4358513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The associations of dietary patterns with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk remain unclear. Thereby, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine potential relations between dietary patterns and CHD. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to March 2014 for eligible prospective cohort studies regarding the relationships between common dietary patterns and CHD. Random-effects models were applied to calculate the summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) for the highest versus the lowest category of dietary pattern. Sensitivity analyses were conducted and publication bias was assessed using Begg or Egger's tests. Twelve prospective cohort studies were included involving 409,780 participants and 6298 CHD cases. There was an inverse association between prudent/healthy dietary pattern and CHD risk (SRRE = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74-0.87, P-value for heterogeneity = 0.497, I(2) = 0%). Furthermore, no significant association was observed between western/unhealthy dietary pattern and risk of CHD (SRRE = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.86-1.27, P-value for heterogeneity = 0.007, I(2) = 61.9%). However, increased risk was detected between western/unhealthy dietary pattern and CHD in the United States (USA) (SRRE = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15-1.82, P-value for heterogeneity = 0.930, I(2) = 0%). In conclusion, our analysis provides evidence of an inverse association between prudent/healthy dietary pattern and CHD risk, and suggests null association between western/unhealthy dietary pattern and CHD. However, greater adherence to western/unhealthy pattern possibily increases by 45% the risk of CHD in USA. Further efforts are warranted to confirm these findings and clarify the role of dietary patterns and CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hou
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zejin Ou
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dingli Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R .China
| | - Wanlong Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Dallapiccola B, Putignani L. Mediterranean diet and health: food effects on gut microbiota and disease control. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11678-99. [PMID: 24987952 PMCID: PMC4139807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the healthiest dietary models. Many of the characteristic components of the MD have functional features with positive effects on health and wellness. The MD adherence, calculated through various computational scores, can lead to a reduction of the incidence of major diseases (e.g., cancers, metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes and allergy). Furthermore, eating habits are the main significant determinants of the microbial multiplicity of the gut, and dietary components influence both microbial populations and their metabolic activities from the early stages of life. For this purpose, we present a study proposal relying on the generation of individual gut microbiota maps from MD-aware children/adolescents. The maps, based on meta-omics approaches, may be considered as new tools, acting as a systems biology-based proof of evidence to evaluate MD effects on gut microbiota homeostasis. Data integration of food metabotypes and gut microbiota “enterotypes” may allow one to interpret MD adherence and its effects on health in a new way, employable for the design of targeted diets and nutraceutical interventions in childcare and clinical management of food-related diseases, whose onset has been significantly shifted early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, Rome 400165, Italy.
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Metagenomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, Rome 400165, Italy.
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, Rome 400165, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio, Rome 400165, Italy.
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Olmedo-Requena R, Fernández JG, Prieto CA, Moreno JM, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Factors associated with a low adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern in healthy Spanish women before pregnancy. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:648-56. [PMID: 23507495 PMCID: PMC10282462 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the factors associated with the level of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in healthy Spanish women before pregnancy. DESIGN A prospective series of 1175 women. An FFQ validated in Spanish populations served to collect dietary data. The Mediterranean Diet Adherence Index was used to assess the level of adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern. Polytomic regression was performed to identify the associated factors. SETTING Catchment area of Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Andalusia, Spain. SUBJECTS The women were invited to participate in the study at the 20th-22nd gestational week. The selection criteria were: Spanish nationality, 18 years of age or older, singleton pregnancy and absence of health problems that required modifying the diet or physical activity. RESULTS An inverse relationship was found between women's age and level of adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern, with a clear dose-response association: a younger age entailed worse adherence (P < 0·001). The habit of smoking and sedentary lifestyle had a positive relationship with low adherence, giving OR = 5·36 (95 % 1·91, 15·07) for women who smoked >20 cigarettes/d and OR = 2·07 (95 % CI 1·34, 3·17) for sedentary women. Higher age, higher educational level, and higher social class of the women were associated with a higher level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS In our sample population, younger age, lower social class, primary educational level and elements of an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and lack of exercise were associated with low adherence to a Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Carmen Amezcua Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Mozas Moreno
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Preventive Medicine Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José J Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Cost and cost-effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet: results of a systematic review. Nutrients 2013; 5:4566-86. [PMID: 24253053 PMCID: PMC3847749 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing impact of chronic degenerative pathologies (such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease) requires and pushes towards the development of new preventive strategies to reduce the incidence and prevalence of these diseases. Lifestyle changes, especially related to the Mediterranean diet, have the potential to modify disease outcomes and ultimately costs related to their management. The objective of the study was to perform a systematic review of the scientific literature, to gauge the economic performance and the cost-effectiveness of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet as a prevention strategy against degenerative pathologies. We investigated the monetary costs of adopting Mediterranean dietary patterns by determining cost differences between low and high adherence. Research was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Eight articles met the pre-determined inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Quality assessment and data extraction was performed. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been extensively reported to be associated with a favorable health outcome and a better quality of life. The implementation of a Mediterranean dietary pattern may lead to the prevention of degenerative pathologies and to an improvement in life expectancy, a net gain in health and a reduction in total lifetime costs.
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Alcohol and stimulants dietary pattern is associated with haptoglobin blood levels, among apparently healthy individuals. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-013-0122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Naja F, Hwalla N, Itani L, Salem M, Azar ST, Zeidan MN, Nasreddine L. Dietary patterns and odds of Type 2 diabetes in Beirut, Lebanon: a case-control study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:111. [PMID: 23270372 PMCID: PMC3565896 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Lebanon, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a major public health impact through high disease prevalence, significant downstream pathophysiologic effects, and enormous financial liabilities. Diet is an important environmental factor in the development and prevention of T2D. Dietary patterns may exert greater effects on health than individual foods, nutrients, or food groups. The objective of this study is to examine the association between dietary patterns and the odds of T2D among Lebanese adults. Methods Fifty-eight recently diagnosed cases of T2D and 116 population-based age, sex, and place of residence matched control participants were interviewed. Data collection included a standard socio-demographic and lifestyle questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated by a semi-quantitative 97-item food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist circumference, and percent body fat were also obtained. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of extracted patterns with T2D. Pearson correlations between these patterns and obesity markers, energy, and nutrient intakes were also examined. Results Four dietary patterns were identified: Refined Grains & Desserts, Traditional Lebanese, Fast Food and Meat & Alcohol. While scores of the “Refined Grains & Desserts” had the highest correlations with energy (r = 0.74) and carbohydrates (r = 0.22), those of the “Fast Food” had the highest correlation with fat intake (r = 0.34). After adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, scores of the Refined Grains & Desserts and Fast Food patterns were associated with higher odds of T2D (OR: 3.85, CI: 1.13-11.23 and OR: 2.80, CI: 1.14-5.59; respectively) and scores of the Traditional Lebanese pattern were inversely associated with the odds of T2D (OR: 0.46, CI: 0.22-0.97). Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate direct associations of the Refined Grains & Desserts and Fast Food patterns with T2D and an inverse association between the Traditional Lebanese pattern and the disease among Lebanese adults. These results may guide the development of nutrition interventions for the prevention and management of T2D among Lebanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P, O, Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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Rafael RI, Rafael RS. Prevención cardiovascular en el adulto mayor. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(12)70374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Bhupathiraju SN, Tucker KL. Coronary heart disease prevention: nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1493-514. [PMID: 21575619 PMCID: PMC5945285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a key modifiable risk factor in the prevention and risk reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD). Results from the Seven Countries Study in the early 1970s spurred an interest in the role of single nutrients such as total fat in CHD risk. With accumulating evidence, we have moved away from a focus on total fat to the importance of considering the quality of fat. Recent meta-analyses of intervention studies confirm the beneficial effects of replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids on CHD risk. Scientific evidence for a detrimental role of trans fat intake from industrial sources on CHD risk has led to important policy changes including listing trans fatty acid content on the "Nutrition Facts" panel and banning the use of trans fatty acids in food service establishments in some cities. The effects of such policy changes on changes in CHD incidence are yet to be evaluated. There has been a surging interest in the protective effects of vitamin D in primary prevention. Yet, its associations with secondary events have been mixed and intervention studies are needed to clarify its role in CHD prevention. Epidemiological and clinical trial evidence surrounding the benefit of B vitamins and antioxidants such as carotenoids, vitamin E, and vitamin C, have been contradictory. While pharmacological supplementation of these vitamins in populations with existing CHD has been ineffective and, in some cases, even detrimental, data repeatedly show that consumption of a healthy dietary pattern has considerable cardioprotective effects for primary prevention. Results from these studies and the general ineffectiveness of nutrient-based interventions have shifted interest to the role of foods in CHD risk reduction. The strongest and most consistent protective associations are seen with fruit and vegetables, fish, and whole grains. Epidemiological and clinical trial data also show risk reduction with moderate alcohol consumption. In the past decade, there has been a paradigm shift in nutritional epidemiology to examine associations between dietary patterns and health. Several epidemiological studies show that people following the Mediterranean style diet or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet have lower risk of CHD and lower likelihood of developing hypertension. Studies using empirical or data driven dietary patterns have frequently identified two patterns - "Healthy or Prudent" and "Western". In general, the "Healthy", compared to the "Western" pattern has been associated with more favorable biological profiles, slower progression of atherosclerosis, and reduced incidence. Evidence on changes in dietary patterns and changes in CHD risk is still emerging. With the emergence of the concept of personalized nutrition, studies are increasingly considering the role of genetic factors in the modulation of the association between nutrients and CHD. More studies of genetic variation and dietary patterns in relation to CHD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Earley S, Gonzales AL, Garcia ZI. A dietary agonist of transient receptor potential cation channel V3 elicits endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:612-20. [PMID: 20086034 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet may be responsible for lower cardiovascular disease rates in Southern versus Northern European countries. Oregano is used abundantly in Mediterranean cooking, but potential cardiovascular benefits have not been investigated. Carvacrol, present in oregano, activates the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels TRPA1 and TRPV3. We hypothesized that chemosensing of this dietary molecule by TRP channels in the endothelium promotes arterial relaxation. TRPA1 and TRPV3 were detected in the endothelium of intact arteries. Carvacrol causes concentration-dependent increases in the intracellular [Ca(2+)] of native cerebral artery endothelial cells and is more potent (EC(50) = 34 microM) than the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (EC(50) = 400 microM) or the TRPV3 agonist eugenol (EC(50) = 2.3 mM). Carvacrol also activates TRPV3-like cation currents in cerebral artery endothelial cells. Carvacrol elicits vasodilation of intact cerebral arteries (EC(50) = 4.1 microM) that is accompanied by smooth muscle hyperpolarization and a decrease in the intracellular [Ca(2+)] of arterial myocytes. Endothelium disruption inhibits carvacrol-induced vasodilation, but block of nitric-oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase activity does not alter the response. Vasodilation in response to carvacrol is inhibited when blockers of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels are present in the lumen or when the inwardly rectifying K(+) channel blocker BaCl(2) is present in the superfusion bath. Carvacrol-induced dilation is not diminished by a TRPA1 antagonist but is inhibited by the TRPV blocker ruthenium red. Our findings show that oregano can relax arteries by activating TRPV3 channels in the endothelium. This effect may account for some of the cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Earley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA.
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Tyrovolas S, Panagiotakos DB. The role of Mediterranean type of diet on the development of cancer and cardiovascular disease, in the elderly: a systematic review. Maturitas 2009; 65:122-30. [PMID: 19656644 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of elderly worldwide is increasing. This increase in life expectancy, is staggering posing tremendous challenges in disease burden, especially, in chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Limited studies investigate the effect of Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular risk and cancer in older populations. In this review, findings from observational studies are summarized to evaluate the effect of Mediterranean diet on cancer and cardiovascular disease risk in elderly people. METHODS Published results from observational studies that assessed food habits on cancer and cardiovascular disease risk in elderly were retrieved and summarized. RESULTS In all studies diet had an effect on cardiovascular disease risk. The Mediterranean diet, a high-quality diet and increased fruit and vegetable consumption were all found to be cardioprotective. CONCLUSION The systematically reviewed studies reveal that a high adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet or "prudent diet" is associated with reduced risk of CVD and some types of cancer, even in the elderly. Also dietary intervention strategies can prevent morbidity, premature mortality and improve quality of life in older persons worldwide.
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Dontas AS, Zerefos NS, Panagiotakos DB, Vlachou C, Valis DA. Corrigendum. Clin Interv Aging 2008. [PMCID: PMC2546484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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