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Kumar SH, Acharyya S, Chouksey A, Soni N, Nazeer N, Mishra PK. Air Pollution-Linked Epigenetic Modifications in Placental DNA: Prognostic Potential for Identifying Future Foetal Anomalies. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 129:108675. [PMID: 39074641 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to air pollution is a significant risk factor for the mother and the developing foetus. The accumulation of pollutants in the placenta can cause a self-cascade loop of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and DNA double-strand breaks. Previous research has shown that airborne particulate matter can damage the epigenome and disturb mitochondrial machinery, ultimately impairing placental function. Mitochondria are essential for preserving cellular homeostasis, energy metabolism, redox equilibrium, and epigenetic reprogramming. As these organelles are subtle targets of environmental exposures, any disruption in the signaling pathways can result in epigenomic instability, which can impact gene expression and mitochondrial function. This, in turn, can lead to changes in DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and aberrant expression of microRNAs in proliferating trophoblast cells. The placenta has two distinct layers, cytotrophoblasts, and syncytiotrophoblasts, each with its mitochondria, which play important roles in preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and overall health. Foetal nucleic acids enter maternal circulation during placental development because of necrotic, apoptotic, and inflammatory mechanisms. These nucleic acids reflect normal or abnormal ongoing cellular changes during prenatal foetal development. Detecting cell-free DNA in the bloodstream can be a biomarker for predicting negative pregnancy-related outcomes and recognizing abnormalities in foetal growth. Hence, a thorough understanding of how air pollution induces epigenetic variations within the placenta could offer crucial insights into underlying mechanisms and prolonged repercussions on foetal development and susceptibility in later stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthy Hari Kumar
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Sayanti Acharyya
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Apoorva Chouksey
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Nikita Soni
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India.
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Johnson M, Mazur L, Fisher M, Fraser WD, Sun L, Hystad P, Gandhi CK. Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Respiratory Distress in Term Newborns: Results from the MIREC Prospective Pregnancy Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17007. [PMID: 38271058 PMCID: PMC10810300 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse long-term respiratory outcomes; however, the impact of prenatal air pollution exposure on neonatal respiratory distress has not been well studied. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between prenatal exposures to fine particular matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with respiratory distress and related neonatal outcomes. METHODS We used data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort (n = 2,001 ) recruited in the first trimester from 10 Canadian cities. Prenatal exposures to PM 2.5 (n = 1,321 ) and NO 2 (n = 1,064 ) were estimated using land-use regression and satellite-derived models coupled with ground-level monitoring and linked to participants based on residential location at birth. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between air pollution and physician-diagnosed respiratory distress in term neonates in hierarchical logistic regression models adjusting for detailed maternal and infant covariates. RESULTS Approximately 7 % of newborns experienced respiratory distress. Neonates received clinical interventions including oxygen therapy (6%), assisted ventilation (2%), and systemic antibiotics (3%). Two percent received multiple interventions and 4% were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Median PM 2.5 and NO 2 concentrations during pregnancy were 8.81 μ g / m 3 and 18.02 ppb , respectively. Prenatal exposures to air pollution were not associated with physician-diagnosed respiratory distress, oxygen therapy, or NICU admissions. However, PM 2.5 exposures were strongly associated with assisted ventilation (OR per 1 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 = 1.17 ; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35), multiple clinical interventions (OR per 1 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 = 1.16 ; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.26), and systemic antibiotics, (OR per 1 - μ g / m 3 increase in PM 2.5 = 1.12 ; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.21). These associations were consistent across exposure periods-that is, during prepregnancy, individual trimesters, and total pregnancy-and robust to model specification. NO 2 exposure was associated with administration of systemic antibiotics (OR per 1-ppb increase in NO 2 = 1.03 ; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06). DISCUSSION Prenatal exposures to PM 2.5 increased the risk of severe respiratory distress among term newborns. These findings support the development and prioritization of public health and prenatal care strategies to increase awareness and minimize prenatal exposures to air pollution. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markey Johnson
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D. Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Liu Sun
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Chintan K. Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Neto AB, Ferraro AA, Vieira SE. Acute and subchronic exposure to urban atmospheric pollutants aggravate acute respiratory failure in infants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16888. [PMID: 37803025 PMCID: PMC10558532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban air pollution is a major factor that affects the respiratory health of children and adolescents. Less studied is exposure during the first two years of life. This study analyzed the influence of acute and subchronic exposure to urban air pollutants on the severity of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the first two years of life. This population-based study included 7364 infants hospitalized with ARF. Acute exposure was considered to have occurred 1, 3 and 7 days before hospitalization and subchronic exposure was considered the mean of the last 30 and 60 days. We found that for acute exposure, significant increases in days of hospitalization (LOS) occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (0.24), SO2 (6.64), and CO (1.86); lag 3 days for PM10 (0.30), PM2.5 (0.37), SO2 (10.8), and CO (0.71); and lag 7 days for NO2 (0.16), SO2 (5.07) and CO (0.87). Increases in the risk of death occurred at lag 1 day for NO2 (1.06), SO2 (3.64), and CO (1.28); and lag 3 days for NO2 (1.04), SO2 (2.04), and CO (1.19). Subchronic exposures at 30 and 60 days occurred for SO2 (9.18, 3.77) and CO (6.53, 2.97), respectively. The associations were more pronounced with higher temperatures and lower relative humidity levels. We concluded that acute and subchronic exposure to higher atmospheric concentrations of all the pollutants studied were associated with greater severity of ARF. The greatest increases in LOS and risk of death occurred with hot and dry weather.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra E Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bhattarai G, Sim HJ, So HS, Lee JC, Kook SH. Exposure of newborns to atmospherically relevant artificial particulate matter induces hematopoietic stem cell senescence. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131293. [PMID: 37002998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Research on the negative impacts of PM2.5 have been focused on lung, brain, immune, and metabolism-related diseases. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the effects of PM2.5 on the modulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate. Maturation of the hematopoietic system and differentiation of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) occurs soon after birth when infants are susceptible to external stresses. We investigated how exposure to atmospherically relevant artificial particulate matter of diameter < 2.5 µm (termed, PM2.5) affects HSPCs in newborns. The lungs of newborn mice exposed to PM2.5 exhibited higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation, which continued during aging. PM2.5 also stimulated oxidative stress and inflammasome activation in bone marrow (BM). PM2.5-exposed infant mice at 12 months but not at 6 months displayed progressive senescence of HSCs accompanied by preferential impairment of the BM microenvironment with age-related phenotypes, as evidenced by colony-forming assay and serial transplantation and animal survival experiments. Further, PM2.5-exposed middle-aged mice did not exhibit radioprotective potential. Collectively, exposure of newborns to PM2.5 causes progressive senescence of HSCs. These findings revealed a novel mechanism by which PM2.5 affects the fate of HSCs, highlighting the crucial role of early life exposure to air pollution in determining human health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jaung Sim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Hsu HHL, Wilson A, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Wright RO, Coull BA, Wright RJ. Prenatal Ambient Air Pollutant Mixture Exposure and Early School-age Lung Function. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e249. [PMID: 37064424 PMCID: PMC10097575 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research linking prenatal ambient air pollution with childhood lung function has largely considered one pollutant at a time. Real-life exposure is to mixtures of pollutants and their chemical components; not considering joint effects/effect modification by co-exposures contributes to misleading results. Methods Analyses included 198 mother-child dyads recruited from two hospitals and affiliated community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Daily prenatal pollutant exposures were estimated using satellite-based hybrid chemical-transport models, including nitrogen dioxide(NO2), ozone(O3), and fine particle constituents (elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], nitrate [NO3 -], sulfate [SO4 2-], and ammonium [NH4 +]). Spirometry was performed at age 6.99 ± 0.89 years; forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75) z-scores accounted for age, sex, height, and race/ethnicity. We examined associations between weekly-averaged prenatal pollution mixture levels and outcomes using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression-Distributed Lag Models (BKMR-DLMs) to identify susceptibility windows for each component and estimate a potentially complex mixture exposure-response relationship including nonlinear effects and interactions among exposures. We also performed linear regression models using time-weighted-mixture component levels derived by BKMR-DLMs adjusting for maternal age, education, perinatal smoking, and temperature. Results Most mothers were Hispanic (63%) or Black (21%) with ≤12 years of education (67%). BKMR-DLMs identified a significant effect for O3 exposure at 18-22 weeks gestation predicting lower FEV1/FVC. Linear regression identified significant associations for O3, NH4 +, and OC with decreased FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75, respectively. There was no evidence of interactions among pollutants. Conclusions In this multi-pollutant model, prenatal O3, OC, and NH4 + were most strongly associated with reduced early childhood lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Olutola BG, Phoobane P. A Bibliometric Analysis of Literature on Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution: 1994-2022. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3076. [PMID: 36833768 PMCID: PMC9961110 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy is one of the leading causes of different health outcomes. However, few studies have provided an overview of this area of research. The aim of this study was to look at the key trends in the research on prenatal exposure to air pollution. Data were retrieved from Web of Science, and the search was conducted based on the paper title, abstract, and keywords. The relevant literature searched was from 1994 to 2022, and 952 English documents were obtained. Of the total documents, 438 documents were included in the review and 83% (n = 365) of the documents were journal articles. Type of document, annual distribution of publications, and distribution of prenatal exposure by countries were extracted. Co-authorship and keywords co-occurrence analyses were also carried out. Of all the countries that published in this field, the United States of America. had the highest number of publications, followed by China. Among the different health and environmental disciplines, 62% (n = 273) of papers came from environmental science. There were limited collaborations among researchers from different countries and institutions. In conclusion, there should be more collaboration among the researchers in this field regarding institutions, countries, and disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola G. Olutola
- School of Engineering, Science and Health, The Independent Institute of Education (IIEMSA), Roodepoort 1724, South Africa
| | - Paulina Phoobane
- School of Information Technology, The Independent Institute of Education (IIEMSA), Roodepoort 1724, South Africa
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Effects of Pollution on Pregnancy and Infants. Cureus 2023; 15:e33906. [PMID: 36819435 PMCID: PMC9937639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetus is particularly susceptible to environmental contaminants as it is developing at the time of pregnancy and is, therefore, more susceptible to their effects. Pregnancy loss, which includes stillbirth and spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), preterm labor and delivery, and neonatal death, is the worst pregnancy outcome. Stunting and its related health and developmental effects are particularly common in populations living in underdeveloped countries or those exposed to high levels of particle pollution. Several environmental toxins can affect an embryo, fetus, or infant as they are developing. This study explores the following questions: What part do pesticides, heavy metals, dioxin derivatives, and polychlorinated diphenyl compounds play as macroenvironmental pollutants in mutagenesis and teratogenesis? What effects do substances that exposed persons have considerable control over, such as alcohol, narcotics, and tobacco smoke, have on the microenvironment? What consequences should practitioners be aware of these toxins in terms of ethics and the law? This study seeks to assess pertinent primary scientific studies on how pollution affects the health of the fetus and newborn during pregnancy.
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Lu Z, Coll P, Maitre B, Epaud R, Lanone S. Air pollution as an early determinant of COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/165/220059. [PMID: 35948393 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0059-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a progressive and debilitating disease often diagnosed after 50 years of age, but more recent evidence suggests that its onset could originate very early on in life. In this context, exposure to air pollution appears to be a potential contributor. Although the potential role of air pollution as an early determinant of COPD is emerging, knowledge gaps still remain, including an accurate qualification of air pollutants (number of pollutants quantified and exact composition) or the "one exposure-one disease" concept, which might limit the current understanding. To fill these gaps, improvements in the field are needed, such as the use of atmosphere simulation chambers able to realistically reproduce the complexity of air pollution, consideration of the exposome, as well as improving exchanges between paediatricians and adult lung specialists to take advantage of reciprocal expertise. This review should lead to a better understanding of the current knowledge on air pollution as an early determinant of COPD, as well as identify the existing knowledge gaps and opportunities to fill them. Hopefully, this will lead to better prevention strategies to scale down the development of COPD in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyi Lu
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
| | - Patrice Coll
- Université Paris Cité and Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Maitre
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Dept of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Dept of General Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France
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Zhu S, Chen G, Ye Y, Zhou H, He G, Chen H, Xiao J, Hu J, Zeng F, Yang P, Liu C, He Z, Wang J, Cao G, Chen Y, Feng H, Ma W, Liu T. Effect of maternal ozone exposure before and during pregnancy on wheezing risk in offspring: A birth cohort study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113426. [PMID: 35550810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) exposure may lead to the development and exacerbation of asthma or wheezing in postnatal children; however, it has rarely been studied before and during pregnancy. Wheezing is one of the most common symptoms when diagnosing of asthma; thus, we investigated the associations of O3 exposure before and during pregnancy with wheezing in preschool children and the potential susceptible exposure windows from a heavily polluted city in China. This population-based birth cohort study, which included 3725 mother-child pairs from Guangzhou, began in 2016, and the follow-up period ended on July 31, 2020. We used a spatiotemporal land-use-regression model combined with activity patterns to estimate the daily O3 exposure levels during the pre-pregnancy period and each trimester, and wheezing was recorded by reviewing medical records. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to quantify the effects of O3 exposure on childhood wheezing adjusted for potential confounders. No significant association was detected between pre-pregnancy exposure to O3 and childhood wheezing. However, increased ambient O3 exposures throughout pregnancy and in the second trimester were positively associated with the risk of childhood wheezing, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) per interquartile range (IQR) increment of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.04-1.44) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09-1.58), respectively. The effects of maternal O3 exposure on childhood wheezing risk was stronger when the exposure occurred in the warm conception season (P < 0.05). Significant childhood wheezing risk could be attributable to maternal O3 exposure, especially during the second trimester and with warm-season conception in Guangzhou. Further cohorts of children, particularly school age children who have more robust asthma diagnoses, should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guimin Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yufeng Ye
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - He Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Hanwei Chen
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhongrong He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Ganxiang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China; School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Disease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Mukherjee S, Dasgupta S, Mishra PK, Chaudhury K. Air pollution-induced epigenetic changes: disease development and a possible link with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55981-56002. [PMID: 34498177 PMCID: PMC8425320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious threat to our health and has become one of the major causes of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The association between air pollution and various diseases has long been a topic of research interest. However, it remains unclear how air pollution actually impacts health by modulating several important cellular functions. Recently, some evidence has emerged about air pollution-induced epigenetic changes, which are linked with the etiology of various human diseases. Among several epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation represents the most prominent epigenetic alteration underlying the air pollution-induced pathogenic mechanism. Several other types of epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications, miRNA, and non-coding RNA expression, have also been found to have been linked with air pollution. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), one of the most prevalent forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is triggered by the inhalation of certain organic and inorganic substances. HP is characterized by inflammation in the tissues around the lungs' airways and may lead to irreversible lung scarring over time. This review, in addition to other diseases, attempts to understand whether certain pollutants influence HP development through such epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Northeim K, Marks C, Tiwari C. Evaluating spatial patterns of seasonal ozone exposure and incidence of respiratory emergency room visits in Dallas-Fort Worth. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11066. [PMID: 33954029 PMCID: PMC8051349 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In urban environments, environmental air pollution poses significant risks to respiratory health. Moreover, the seasonal spatial variability of the air pollutant ozone, and respiratory illness within Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) is not well understood. We examine the relationships between spatial patterns of long-term ozone exposure and respiratory illness to better understand impacts on health outcomes. We propose that this study will establish an enhanced understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of ozone concentrations and respiratory emergency room visits (ERV) incidence. METHODS Air pollution data (ozone) and ERV incidence data from DFW was used to evaluate the relationships between exposures and outcomes using three steps: (1) develop a geostatistical model to produce quarterly maps of ozone exposure for the DFW area; (2) use spatial analysis techniques to identify clusters of zip codes with high or low values of ozone exposure and respiratory ERV incidence; and (3) use concentration-response curves to evaluate the relationships between respiratory ERV incidence and ozone exposure. RESULTS Respiratory ERV incidence was highest in quarters 1 and 4, while ozone exposure was highest in quarters 2 and 3. Extensive statistically significant spatial clusters of ozone regions were identified. Although the maps revealed that there was no regional association between the spatial patterns of high respiratory ERV incidence and ozone exposure, the concentration-response analysis suggests that lower levels of ozone exposure may still contribute to adverse respiratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Northeim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Constant Marks
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Chetan Tiwari
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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12
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Prenatal particulate matter exposure and Intrauterine Fetal Death. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113720. [PMID: 33639584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD) is a rare and tragic pregnancy complication. The main causes for IUFD are largely unknown. Particulate Matter (PM)2.5 exposure has been suggested as an IUFD risk factor. OBJECTIVES To study the association between maternal PM2.5 levels and IUFD risk, to address ethnicity as a possible effect modifier, and to identify a prenatal period during which PM2.5 is most harmful regarding IUFD risk. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study, which included pregnant women at the Soroka University Medical Center between the years 2003-2017. Estimated PM2.5 levels were calculated per residence, using a hybrid model incorporating daily satellite remote sensing data at a 1 km spatial resolution. Multiple gestations, fetuses with congenital malformations or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Mean PM2.5 level was calculated per trimester, the entire pregnancy and the last gestational week. Analyses were also performed separately for the two ethnic groups in the study: Jews and Bedouin-Arabs. Multivariable analysis were applied to study the association between PM2.5 exposure at the different periods and IUFD risk. RESULTS The study included 87,887 pregnancies, 444 (0.5%) ended with IUFD. Mean PM2.5 levels ranged between 18.18 and 22.32 μm. First trimester and entire pregnancy PM2.5 levels were significantly associated with increased IUFD risk among Jewish women only. In a multivariable model, for every 10 μg/m3 unit increase in PM2.5 the risk for IUFD increases by 2.98 (95%CI 1.50-5.90) and by 3.61 (95%CI 1.32-9.85) during first trimester and the entire pregnancy, respectively, while adjusting for maternal age, smoking, socioeconomic score and season. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective cohort an association was found between PM2.5 levels and IUFD among Jewish women only. These results strengthen the importance of addressing this effect modifier when studying air pollution effects on human health.
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Shao X, Cheng H, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Yang C, Di Narzo A, Yu J, Shen Y, Li Y, Xu S, Zhang Z, Chen J, Cheng J, Hao K. Prenatal exposure to ambient air multi-pollutants significantly impairs intrauterine fetal development trajectory. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110726. [PMID: 32480160 PMCID: PMC7363555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired in utero fetal growth trajectory may have long term health consequences of the newborns and increase risk of adulthood metabolic diseases. Prenatal exposure to air pollution has been linked to fetal development restriction; however, the impact of exposure to ambient air pollutants on the entire course of intrauterine fetal development has not been comprehensively investigated. METHODS During 2015-2018, two cohorts of mother-infant dyads (N = 678 and 227) were recruited in Shanghai China, from which three categories of data were systematically collected: (1) daily exposure to six air pollutants during pregnancy, (2) fetal biometry in the 2nd (gestational week 24, [GW24]) and 3rd trimester (GW36), and (3) neonatal outcomes at birth. We investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to air pollutant mixture on the trajectory of fetal development during the course of gestation, adjusting for a broad set of potential confounds. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and O3 significantly reduced fetal biometry at GW24, where SO2 had the most potent effect. For every 10 μg/m3 increment increase of daily SO2 exposure during the 1st trimester shortened femur length by 2.20 mm (p = 6.7E-21) translating to 5.3% reduction from the average of the study cohort. Prenatal air pollution exposure also decreased fetal biometry at GW36 with attenuated effect size. Comparing to the lowest exposed quartile, fetus in the highest exposed quartile had 6.3% (p = 3.5E-5) and 2.1% (p = 2.4E-3) lower estimated intrauterine weight in GW24 and GW36, respectively; however, no difference in birth weight was observed, indicating a rapid catch-up growth in the 3rd trimester. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, for the first time, we demonstrated the impact of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants on the course of intrauterine fetal development. The altered growth trajectory and rapid catch-up growth in associated with high prenatal exposure may lead to long-term predisposition for adulthood metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jushan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Ecology and Environment, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Ecology and Environment, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiajing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Effects of Air Pollution on the Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cold Climate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that prenatal exposure to air pollution disturbs fetal growth and development, but little is known about these effects in cold climates or their season-specific or joint effects. Our objective was to assess independent and joint effects of prenatal exposure to specific air pollutants on the risk of low birth weight (LBW). We utilized the 2568 children of the Espoo Cohort Study, born between 1984 and 1990 and living in the City of Espoo. We conducted stratified analyses for births during warm and cold seasons separately. We analyzed the effect estimates using multi-pollutant Poisson regression models with risk ratio (RR) as the measure of effect. The risk of LBW was related to exposure to CO (adjusted RR 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.00) and exposure to O3 in the spring–summer season (1.82, 1.11–2.96). There was also evidence of synergistic effects between CO and O3 (relative risk due to interaction (RERI), all year 1.08, 95% CI: 0.27–4.94, spring–summer 3.97, 2.17–25.85) and between PM2.5 and O3 (all year 0.72, −0.07–3.60, spring–summer 2.80, 1.36–19.88). We present new evidence of both independent and joint effects of prenatal exposure to low levels of air pollution in a cold climate on the risk of LBW.
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Lu X, Tan ZX, Wang B, Li J, Hu B, Gao L, Zhao H, Wang H, Chen YH, Xu DX. Maternal 1-nitropyrene exposure during pregnancy increases susceptibility of allergic asthma in adolescent offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125356. [PMID: 31743867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1-nitropyrene (1-NP) is widespread in the environment, as a typical nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of gestational 1-NP exposure on susceptibility of allergic asthma in offspring. Maternal mice were exposed to 1-NP (100 μg kg-1) by gavage throughout the whole pregnancy. Pups were sensitized by injecting with ovalbumin (OVA) on postnatal day (PND)23, 29, and 36, respectively. At 7 days following the last injection, sensitized mice were exposed to aerosol OVA. As expected, there were quite a few inflammatory cells in the lungs of OVA-sensitized pups, accompanied by bronchial wall thickening and hyperemia. Elevated goblet cells and overproduced mucus were observed in the airways of OVA-sensitized pups. Interestingly, gestational 1-NP exposure aggravated infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils, in OVA-sensitized offspring. Although it had little effect on airway smooth muscle layer thickening and basement membrane fibrosis, gestational 1-NP exposure aggravated goblet cell hyperplasia, Muc5ac mRNA upregulation, and mucus secretion in the airways of OVA-sensitized and challenged offspring. Mechanistically, gestational 1-NP exposure aggravated elevation of pulmonary IL-5 in OVA-sensitized pups. These findings suggest that gestational 1-NP exposure increases susceptibility of allergic asthma in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lu
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhu-Xia Tan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology & Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Papamitsou T, Sirak S, Kavvadas D. Air pollution and preterm birth: a recommendation for further study in Greece. Hippokratia 2020; 24:44. [PMID: 33364740 PMCID: PMC7733367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Sirak
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Kavvadas
- Physics Department, School of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Trumble BC, Finch CE. THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2019; 94:333-394. [PMID: 32269391 PMCID: PMC7141577 DOI: 10.1086/706768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global exposures to air pollution and cigarette smoke are novel in human evolutionary history and are associated with about 16 million premature deaths per year. We investigate the history of the human exposome for relationships between novel environmental toxins and genetic changes during human evolution in six phases. Phase I: With increased walking on savannas, early human ancestors inhaled crustal dust, fecal aerosols, and spores; carrion scavenging introduced new infectious pathogens. Phase II: Domestic fire exposed early Homo to novel toxins from smoke and cooking. Phases III and IV: Neolithic to preindustrial Homo sapiens incurred infectious pathogens from domestic animals and dense communities with limited sanitation. Phase V: Industrialization introduced novel toxins from fossil fuels, industrial chemicals, and tobacco at the same time infectious pathogens were diminishing. Thereby, pathogen-driven causes of mortality were replaced by chronic diseases driven by sterile inflammogens, exogenous and endogenous. Phase VI: Considers future health during global warming with increased air pollution and infections. We hypothesize that adaptation to some ancient toxins persists in genetic variations associated with inflammation and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089-0191 USA
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18
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Vitali M, Antonucci A, Owczarek M, Guidotti M, Astolfi ML, Manigrasso M, Avino P, Bhattacharya B, Protano C. Air quality assessment in different environmental scenarios by the determination of typical heavy metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants in native lichen Xanthoria parietina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113013. [PMID: 31415978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to evaluate the ability of native lichen Xanthoria (X.) parietina to biomonitor and bioaccumulate some heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb), PAHs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs and to evaluate the use of the native X. parietina as a multi-tracer tool for scenarios characterized by different anthropogenic pressures. Samples of native X. parietina were collected in six different sites (two green, two residential and two industrial areas, respectively) and analyzed for the target compounds. The results show that X. parietina was a useful tool for the biomonitoring of air quality in the selected areas, and was able to bioaccumulate all the studied metals and POPs. In particular, the total concentrations dry weight (dw) ranged between 8.1 and 103.4 mg kg-1 for metals, from 113 × 103 to 183 × 103 ng kg-1 for PAHs, from 868 to 7685 ng kg-1 for PCBs, from 14.3 to 113.8 ng kg-1 for PCDDs/Fs (∑TEq = 0.9-7.1), and from 194 to 554 ng kg-1 for PBDEs. Besides, in general, the levels of analytes recovered in the different samples of lichen show an increasing trend from green to industrial sites, especially for PCBs (mean values equal to 1218, 4253 and 7192 ng kg-1 respectively for green, residential and industrial areas). The statistical approach, based on Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis tests, showed that one of the industrial sites was well-separated from the others, that resulted grouped due to some similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Antonucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Owczarek
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guidotti
- Arpa Lazio, Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Sede di Rieti, via Salaria per l'Aquila 8, I-02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Manigrasso
- Department of Technological Innovations, INAIL, via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy; Institute of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Sciences, In-700156 Kolkata, India
| | - Badal Bhattacharya
- Institute of Ecotoxicology & Environmental Sciences, In-700156 Kolkata, India
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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Meyrose AK, Wüstner A, Otto C, Lampert T, Ravens-Sieberer U. [Associations of maternal educational background with health and health behavior in infants]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:1067-1076. [PMID: 31440768 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basis for healthy development is established during the first years of one's life. In this early phase, parents can significantly influence the health conditions under which their child grows up. Parental education can play a key role in this regard. This study examines the association of maternal education with health and health behavior in infants. METHODS A subsample of the representative German KiGGS study (Wave 1, 2009-2012) on the health of children and adolescents was investigated. Data from 1727 mothers who reported on health-specific characteristics of their infants (0 to 2 years), on their own educational background, and on characteristics of the family were analyzed. The influence of maternal education on indices of health and health behavior in infants was investigated by means of logistic regression; additional predictors were considered in regression models. RESULTS Higher maternal education was associated with better health behavior, but not with overall infant health. The impact of maternal education on health behavior remained significant when considering other predictors (financial worries, low maternal age at childbirth, premature birth/low birth weight). Overall, low maternal education was accompanied by an accumulation of additional risks. CONCLUSIONS Higher maternal education can help infants have a good start in their lives. The impact of poor health behavior on infant health may not become apparent until later in their lives. For prevention and intervention, it is important to identify sensitive stages of development during childhood and the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between maternal education and infant health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Meyrose
- Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Anne Wüstner
- Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Christiane Otto
- Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Lampert
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Soziale Determinanten der Gesundheit, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
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20
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Norlén F, Gustavsson P, Wiebert P, Rylander L, Westgren M, Plato N, Albin M, Selander J. Occupational exposure to organic particles and combustion products during pregnancy and birth outcome in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:537-544. [PMID: 31123077 PMCID: PMC6703147 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study if children of women exposed to organic particles and combustion products at work during pregnancy, have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth or small for gestational age. Methods A nationwide cohort of all occupationally active mothers and their children from single births during 1994 to the end of 2012 (1 182 138 observations) was formed. Information on birth outcome was obtained from the medical birth register. Information on absence from work, education, occupation, age, nationality and smoking habits was obtained from national registers. A job exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to assess the exposure. Results Pregnant women with low absence from work and high (>50th percentile) exposure to organic particles had an increased risk of giving birth to children with low birth weight (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.32), small for gestational age (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.38) or preterm birth (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.27). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of small for gestational age in association with exposure to oil mist. Exposure to oil mist and cooking fumes was associated with low birth weight. Paper and other organic dust was associated with preterm birth. Exposure to combustion products showed an increased risk of small for gestational age (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.71). Conclusions The results indicate that occupational exposure to organic particles or combustion products during pregnancy is associated with restriction of fetal growth and preterm birth. More studies are needed to confirm a casual association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Norlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wiebert
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Westgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Plato
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rychlik KA, Secrest JR, Lau C, Pulczinski J, Zamora ML, Leal J, Langley R, Myatt LG, Raju M, Chang RCA, Li Y, Golding MC, Rodrigues-Hoffmann A, Molina MJ, Zhang R, Johnson NM. In utero ultrafine particulate matter exposure causes offspring pulmonary immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3443-3448. [PMID: 30808738 PMCID: PMC6397543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) in air is associated with infant respiratory disease and childhood asthma, but limited epidemiological data exist concerning the impacts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on the etiology of childhood respiratory disease. Specifically, the role of UFPs in amplifying Th2- and/or Th17-driven inflammation (asthma promotion) or suppressing effector T cells (increased susceptibility to respiratory infection) remains unclear. Using a mouse model of in utero UFP exposure, we determined early immunological responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen in offspring challenged from 0 to 4 wk of age. Two mice strains were exposed throughout gestation: C57BL/6 (sensitive to oxidative stress) and BALB/C (sensitive to allergen exposure). Offspring exposed to UFPs in utero exhibited reduced inflammatory response to HDM. Compared with filtered air (FA)-exposed/HDM-challenged mice, UFP-exposed offspring had lower white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and less pronounced peribronchiolar inflammation in both strains, albeit more apparent in C57BL/6 mice. In the C57BL/6 strain, offspring exposed in utero to FA and challenged with HDM exhibited a robust response in inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and Il-17. In contrast, this response was lost in offspring exposed in utero to UFPs. Circulating IL-10 was significantly up-regulated in C57BL/6 offspring exposed to UFPs, suggesting increased regulatory T cell expression and suppressed Th2/Th17 response. Our results reveal that in utero UFP exposure at a level close to the WHO recommended PM guideline suppresses an early immune response to HDM allergen, likely predisposing neonates to respiratory infection and altering long-term pulmonary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal A Rychlik
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Jeremiah R Secrest
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Carmen Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Jairus Pulczinski
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Misti L Zamora
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Jeann Leal
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Rebecca Langley
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Louise G Myatt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Muppala Raju
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Richard C-A Chang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Michael C Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | | | - Mario J Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;
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22
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Bose S, Rosa MJ, Mathilda Chiu YH, Leon Hsu HH, Di Q, Lee A, Kloog I, Wilson A, Schwartz J, Wright RO, Morgan WJ, Coull BA, Wright RJ. Prenatal nitrate air pollution exposure and reduced child lung function: Timing and fetal sex effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:591-597. [PMID: 30172192 PMCID: PMC6196719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal particulate air pollution exposure may alter lung growth and development in utero in a time-sensitive and sex-specific manner, resulting in reduced lung function in childhood. Such relationships have not been examined for nitrate (NO3-). METHODS We implemented Bayesian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs) to identify sensitive prenatal windows for the influence of NO3- on lung function at age 7 years, assessing effect modification by fetal sex. Analyses included 191 mother-child dyads. Daily ambient NO3- exposure over pregnancy was estimated using a hybrid chemical transport (Geos-Chem)/land-use regression model. Spirometry was performed at mean (SD) age of 6.99 (0.89) years, with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) z-scores accounting for child age, sex, height and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Most mothers were Hispanic (65%) or Black (22%), had ≤ high school education (67%), and never smoked (71%); 17% children had asthma. BDILMs adjusted for maternal age and education and child's asthma identified an early sensitive window of 6-12 weeks gestation, during which increased NO3- was significantly associated with reduced FEV1 z-scores specifically among boys. BDLIM analyses demonstrated similar sex-specific patterns for FVC. CONCLUSION Early gestational NO3- exposure is associated with reduced child lung function, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Bose
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alison Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BeerSheba, Israel
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Wayne J Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, United States
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States; Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.
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23
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Olutola BG, Claassen N, Wichmann J, Voyi K. Factors associated with parent-reported wheeze and cough in children living in an industrial area of Gauteng, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33455-33463. [PMID: 30264349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the factors associated with mother-reported wheeze and dry cough in children living in Tembisa, a residential and industrial community in South Africa. A cross-sectional sample of parents reported wheezing and dry cough in children (aged 1 to 26 months) by completing the standardised International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire with additional questions concerning tobacco use, income, living conditions, and mothers' educational level. Data were analysed using chi-square, univariate, and multivariable logistic regressions. Of the 493 children who participated, 81 (16.4%) had wheeze ever and 186 (37.7%) had dry cough ever. We observed that children had a higher probability of wheezing if mothers had lived in the area for longer periods (aOR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.08). Children who had trucks passing on their streets frequently were more likely to have had dry cough ever compared to those with no trucks passing on their streets (aOR 3.88; 95% CI 2.29-6.57). In Tembisa, dry cough in a child was associated with the frequency of trucks passing in front of the child's home. Children were also more likely have wheeze if their mothers had been living in the community for longer times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukola G Olutola
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Nico Claassen
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janine Wichmann
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kuku Voyi
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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24
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Sharma KI, Abraham R, Mowrey W, Toh J, Rosenstreich D, Jariwala S. The association between pollutant levels and asthma-related emergency department visits in the Bronx after the World Trade Center attacks. J Asthma 2018; 56:1049-1055. [PMID: 30359141 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1531989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the potential impact of the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on asthma-related emergency department visits (AREDV) in the New York City borough of the Bronx. Methods: We obtained daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) values from the National Climatic Data Center's collection station in the Bronx from 1999 and 2002, a year before and after the WTC attacks. We compared daily AREDV and pollutant levels between 1999 and 2002 using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. We considered each season separately due to seasonal variations of AREDV and pollutants. We then used multiple linear regression models to assess the relationships between the changes in AREDV and the changes in pollutants from 1999 to 2002 in each season. Results: There were statistically significant increases from 1999 to 2002 in the daily NO2 in the summer. Significant increases for daily SO2 and O3 values from 1999 to 2002 occurred in all seasons. Significant increases occurred in daily AREDV values in the spring and fall. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that increases in the daily O3 values were significantly associated with increases in AREDV from 1999 to 2002 in the summer season. Conclusion: We observed a possible association between the WTC attacks and significant increases in O3 and SO2 for all seasons, and NO2 for the summer. AREDV significantly increased following the WTC attacks. Increases in daily O3 values were significantly associated with increases in AREDV in the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Ishan Sharma
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Abraham
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wenzhu Mowrey
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Toh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Rosenstreich
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sunit Jariwala
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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25
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de Barros Mendes Lopes T, Groth EE, Veras M, Furuya TK, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, Lopes FD, de Almeida FM, Cardoso WV, Saldiva PHN, Chammas R, Mauad T. Pre- and postnatal exposure of mice to concentrated urban PM 2.5 decreases the number of alveoli and leads to altered lung function at an early stage of life. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:511-520. [PMID: 29883952 PMCID: PMC6407120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to air pollution is associated with negative outcomes in newborns and children. In a previous study, we demonstrated a synergistic negative effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to PM2.5 on lung development in mice. However, the means by which air pollution affects development of the lung have not yet been identified. In this study, we exposed pregnant BALB/c mice and their offspring to concentrated urban PM2.5 (from São Paulo, Brazil; target dose 600 μg/m3 for 1 h daily). Exposure was started on embryonic day 5.5 (E5.5, time of placental implantation). Lung tissue of fetuses and offspring was submitted to stereological and transcriptomic analyses at E14.5 (pseudoglandular stage of lung development), E18.5 (saccular stage) and P40 (postnatal day 40, alveolarized lung). Additionally, lung function and cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were studied in offspring animals at P40. Compared to control animals that were exposed to filtered air throughout gestation and postnatal life, PM-exposed mice exhibited higher lung elastance and a lower alveolar number at P40 whilst the total lung volume and cellularity of BAL fluid were not affected. Glandular and saccular structures of fetal lungs were not altered upon gestational exposure; transcriptomic signatures, however, showed changes related to DNA damage and its regulation, inflammation and regulation of cell proliferation. A differential expression was validated at E14.5 for the candidates Sox8, Angptl4 and Gas1. Our data substantiate the in utero biomolecular effect of gestational exposure to air pollution and provide first-time stereological evidence that pre- and early life-postnatal exposure compromise lung development, leading to a reduced number of alveoli and an impairment of lung function in the adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Barros Mendes Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Espen E Groth
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane K Furuya
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Degobbi Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine M de Almeida
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM20), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution (LIM05), Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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El-Ansary A, Cannell JJ, Bjørklund G, Bhat RS, Al Dbass AM, Alfawaz HA, Chirumbolo S, Al-Ayadhi L. In the search for reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: the role of vitamin D. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:917-931. [PMID: 29497932 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects about 1% of the world's population. Vitamin D is thought to be essential for normal brain development and modulation of the immune system. Worldwide about 1 billion people are affected by vitamin D deficiency. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) are biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress. In the present study, these biomarkers were together with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) analyzed in 28 (mean age seven years) Saudi male patients with ASD. The study was conducted to determine if there is any relationship between vitamin D levels, the tested biomarkers and the presence and severity of ASD. The hope was to identify if these biomarkers may be useful for early ASD diagnosis. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) were used to measure autism severity. The results of the ASD children were compared with 27 age and gender-matched neurotypical controls. The data indicated that Saudi patients with ASD have significantly lower plasma levels of 25(OH)D3 than neurotypical controls (38 ng/ml compared to 56 ng/ml, respectively; [P = 0.001]). Surprisingly, the levels of CYP2E1 were lower in the children with ASD than the neurotypical controls (0.48 ± 0.08 vs. 69 ± 0.07 ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.001). The ASD children also had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP (0.79 ± 0.09 vs. 0.59 ± 0.09 ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.001) and 8-OH-dG (8.17 ± 1.04 vs. 4.13 ± 1.01 ng/ml, respectively; P = 0.001, compared to neurotypical age and gender-matched controls. The values for hs-CRP and 8-OH-dG did not correlate [P < 0.001] with autism severity. There was found a relationship between autism severity on the CARS scale and the levels of 25(OH)D3 and CYP1B1. But this was not found for SRS. All four biomarkers seemed to have good sensitivity and specificity, but the sample size of the present study was too small to determine clinical usefulness. The findings also indicate that inadequate levels of vitamin D play a role in the etiology and severity of autism. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggest the possibility of using 25(OH)D3, CYP1B1, hs-CRP and 8-OH-dG, preferably in combination, as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD. However, further research is needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Shaik AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Al Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Shaik AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Yue H, Yan W, Ji X, Zhang Y, Li G, Sang N. Maternal exposure to NO 2 enhances airway sensitivity to allergens in BALB/c mice through the JAK-STAT6 pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:455-463. [PMID: 29501036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure could increase airway sensitivity to allergens for children. Recently, fetal stress was proposed as a crucial factor for allergic airway response occurring in offspring. Considering that there is inadequate evidence linking maternal NO2 exposure to offspring airway sensitivity to allergens, pregnant Balb/c mice were exposed daily to 2.5 ppm NO2 throughout the gestation period; then, the offspring were challenged to an allergen (ovalbumin, OVA) to evaluate airway sensitivity. For air + saline group and air + OVA group, offspring mice were maternally exposed to clean air followed by treatment with saline and OVA, respectively, in adulthood. For NO2 + saline group and NO2 + OVA group, offspring mice were maternally exposed to NO2 followed by treatment with saline and OVA, respectively, in adulthood. The results showed that maternal NO2 exposure increased the level of OVA-immunoglobulin (Ig) E in serum and caused airway hyper-responsiveness and pathological changes in offspring. Furthermore, maternal NO2 exposure altered the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and impaired the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 balance. In addition, janus kinase)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathway participated in OVA-induced airway sensitivity of offspring. Our study showed that the potential risk of airway sensitivity to allergens in offspring is enhanced by maternal NO2 exposure and proposed a possible mechanism for preventing, alleviating, and evaluating the outcomes in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
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28
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Gonzalez-Casanova I, Stein AD, Barraza-Villarreal A, Feregrino RG, DiGirolamo A, Hernandez-Cadena L, Rivera JA, Romieu I, Ramakrishnan U. Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and child development trajectories through 7 years. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:616-622. [PMID: 29699913 PMCID: PMC5988245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants such as mold, lead, pesticides, tobacco, and air pollutants has been suggested to impair cognitive development. Evidence is needed from longitudinal studies to understand their joint impact on child development across time. OBJECTIVE To study associations between exposure to indoor environmental pollutants or outdoor air pollution during pregnancy and offspring cognitive development trajectories through 7 years. METHODS We included 718 Mexican mother-child pairs. Prenatal exposure to indoor environmental pollutants (mold, ventilation, pesticides, tobacco smoke, and use of vidiartred clay pots) was self-reported by the mothers and integrated into an index, or objectively measured in the case of outdoor air pollutants (nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Child global cognitive development was measured at 12, 18, 60, or 84 months. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis, we identified three developmental trajectories (positive = 108, average = 362, low = 248). We used multinomial logistic models to test associations between environmental pollutant score (EPS) or outdoor air pollutants, and cognitive development trajectories. RESULTS After adjustment for sociodemographic covariates, EPS was associated with the average (OR = 1.26 95%CI = 1.01, 1.55) and low (OR = 1.41 95%CI = 1.11, 1.79) trajectories compared to positive; where a unit increase in EPS means an additional prenatal exposure to a pollutant. There was no association between outdoor air pollutants and cognitive development trajectories. CONCLUSION Children of women who reported higher exposure to indoor environmental pollutants during pregnancy were more likely to follow worse developmental trajectories through 7 years. These results support the development and testing of interventions to reduce exposure to environmental pollutants during pregnancy and early childhood as a potential strategy to improve long-term cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Gonzalez-Casanova
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Albino Barraza-Villarreal
- Department of Environmental Health, Population Health Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Raquel Garcia Feregrino
- Center for the Study of Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ann DiGirolamo
- Center of Excellence for Children's Behavioral Health, Georgia Health Policy Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leticia Hernandez-Cadena
- Department of Environmental Health, Population Health Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for the Study of Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Population Health Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Does the Short-Term Effect of Air Pollution Influence the Incidence of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Different Patient Groups? Big Data Analysis in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121547. [PMID: 29232865 PMCID: PMC5750965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) has a high mortality rate. Research has demonstrated that the occurrence of sICH is related to air pollution. This study used big data analysis to explore the impact of air pollution on the risk of sICH in patients of differing age and geographic location. 39,053 cases were included in this study; 14,041 in the Taipei region (Taipei City and New Taipei City), 5537 in Taoyuan City, 7654 in Taichung City, 4739 in Tainan City, and 7082 in Kaohsiung City. The results of correlation analysis indicated that there were two pollutants groups, the CO and NO2 group and the PM2.5 and PM10 group. Furthermore, variations in the correlations of sICH with air pollutants were identified in different age groups. The co-factors of the influence of air pollutants in the different age groups were explored using regression analysis. This study integrated Taiwan National Health Insurance data and air pollution data to explore the risk factors of sICH using big data analytics. We found that PM2.5 and PM10 are very important risk factors for sICH, and age is an important modulating factor that allows air pollutants to influence the incidence of sICH.
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30
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Hehua Z, Qing C, Shanyan G, Qijun W, Yuhong Z. The impact of prenatal exposure to air pollution on childhood wheezing and asthma: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:519-530. [PMID: 28888196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There has been no clear consensus about whether prenatal exposure to air pollution contributes to the development of wheezing and asthma in children. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the association between exposure to different pollutants during pregnancy and the development of childhood wheezing and asthma. METHODS We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies published through June 6, 2017 available in the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. We included studies that examined the association between prenatal exposure to any air pollutants except tobacco smoke and the incidence or prevalence of "wheezing" or "asthma" from birth to 14 years of age. We extracted key characteristics of each included study using a template of predefined data items. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists to assess the validity of each included study. We conducted overall and subgroup meta-analyses for each summary exposure-outcome association. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by using a random effects model. RESULTS Eighteen studies met our eligibility criteria. There was notable variability in exposure assessment methods. The overall random effects risk estimates (95% CI) of different pollutants were 1.04 (0.94-1.15) aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 1.04 (1.01-1.07) NO2, 1.4 (0.97-2.03) PM2.5 for childhood wheeze and 1.07 (1.01-1.14) NO2, 1 (0.97-1.03) PM2.5, 1.02 (0.98-1.07) SO2, 1.08 (1.05-1.12) PM10 for childhood asthma. Minimal heterogeneity was seen for PAH and SO2, while some heterogeneity was observed for PM10, PM2.5 and NO2. CONCLUSIONS The overall and subgroup risk estimates from the meta-analyses showed statistically significant associations between prenatal exposures to NO2, SO2, and PM10 and the risk of wheezing and asthma development in childhood. There is insufficient evidence to show an effect of prenatal exposure to BC, CO, and O3 on childhood wheezing and asthma. Further studies are needed to examine the individual compounds' effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hehua
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Huaxiang Road No. 39, Tiexi District, China
| | - Chang Qing
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Heping District, China
| | - Gao Shanyan
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Heping District, China
| | - Wu Qijun
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Heping District, China
| | - Zhao Yuhong
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Huaxiang Road No. 39, Tiexi District, China; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street, No. 36, Heping District, China.
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31
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Niemann B, Rohrbach S, Miller MR, Newby DE, Fuster V, Kovacic JC. Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution: Part 3 of a 3-Part Series. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:230-251. [PMID: 28683970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs whenever the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity. In this paper, we review the specific role of several cardiovascular risk factors in promoting oxidative stress: diabetes, obesity, smoking, and excessive pollution. Specifically, the risk of developing heart failure is higher in patients with diabetes or obesity, even with optimal medical treatment, and the increased release of ROS from cardiac mitochondria and other sources likely contributes to the development of cardiac dysfunction in this setting. Here, we explore the role of different ROS sources arising in obesity and diabetes, and the effect of excessive ROS production on the development of cardiac lipotoxicity. In parallel, contaminants in the air that we breathe pose a significant threat to human health. This paper provides an overview of cigarette smoke and urban air pollution, considering how their composition and biological effects have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Niemann
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mark R Miller
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Valentin Fuster
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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32
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Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Furukawa S, Arakawa M. Secondhand smoke exposure and risk of wheeze in early childhood: a prospective pregnancy birth cohort study. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:30. [PMID: 28729819 PMCID: PMC5516318 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence regarding the independent and additive effects of both pre- and postnatal smoking exposure on the risk of wheeze in children is limited. The purpose of this prospective pregnancy birth cohort study was to examine the association between prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure during the first year of life and the risk of wheeze in Japanese children aged 23 to 29 months. Methods Study subjects were 1354 Japanese mother-child pairs. Information on the variables under study was obtained using repeated questionnaires that were completed by mothers, first prior to delivery, then shortly after birth and subsequently around 4, 12, and 24 months after delivery. Wheeze was defined according to the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Results Compared with no maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal smoking throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of wheeze in children, yet there were no associations between maternal smoking in the first trimester only or in the second and/or third trimesters and the risk of wheeze. No association was observed between postnatally living with at least one household smoker and the risk of wheeze. An analysis to assess the additive effect of prenatal and postnatal smoking exposure revealed that, compared with children not exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy and not postnatally living with at least one household smoker, those who were both exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatally living with at least one household smoker had twofold odds of developing wheeze. Conclusions Our findings suggest that maternal smoking throughout pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of wheeze in children. There is also the possibility of a positive additive effect of pre- and postnatal smoking exposure on the risk of childhood wheeze. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12971-017-0138-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295 Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295 Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinya Furukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295 Japan.,Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Health Tourism Research Fields, Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Winckelmans E, Vrijens K, Tsamou M, Janssen BG, Saenen ND, Roels HA, Kleinjans J, Lefebvre W, Vanpoucke C, de Kok TM, Nawrot TS. Newborn sex-specific transcriptome signatures and gestational exposure to fine particles: findings from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. Environ Health 2017; 16:52. [PMID: 28583124 PMCID: PMC5458481 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes and health problems later in life. We investigated sex-specific transcriptomic responses to gestational long- and short-term exposure to particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in order to elucidate potential underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS Whole genome gene expression was investigated in cord blood of 142 mother-newborn pairs that were enrolled in the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. Daily PM2.5 exposure levels were calculated for each mother's home address using a spatial-temporal interpolation model in combination with a dispersion model to estimate both long- (annual average before delivery) and short- (last month of pregnancy) term exposure. We explored the association between gene expression levels and PM2.5 exposure, and identified modulated pathways by overrepresentation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Some processes were altered in both sexes for long- (e.g. DNA damage) or short-term exposure (e.g. olfactory signaling). For long-term exposure in boys neurodevelopment and RhoA pathways were modulated, while in girls defensin expression was down-regulated. For short-term exposure we identified pathways related to synaptic transmission and mitochondrial function (boys) and immune response (girls). CONCLUSIONS This is the first whole genome gene expression study in cord blood to identify sex-specific pathways altered by PM2.5. The identified transcriptome pathways could provide new molecular insights as to the interaction pattern of early life PM2.5 exposure with the biological development of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram G. Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nelly D. Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Harry A. Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technical Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Theo M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence points to the possibility that gestational and early childhood vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 40 ng/ml] cause some cases of autism. Vitamin D is metabolized into a seco-steroid hormone that regulates about 3% of the 26,000 genes in the coding human genome. It is also a neurosteroid that is active in brain development, having effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, calcium signaling, neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions; it also appears to have an effect on neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Children who are, or who are destined to become, autistic have lower 25(OH)D levels at 3 months of gestation, at birth and at age 8 compared to their unaffected siblings. Two open label trials found high dose vitamin D improves the core symptoms of autism in about 75% of autistic children. A few of the improvements were remarkable. The vitamin D doses used in these children were 300 IU/KG/day up to a maximum of 5000 IU/day (highest final 25(OH)D level reached was 45 ng/ml). The other study used 150,000 IU/month IM as well as 400 IU/day [highest final 25(OH)D level was 52 ng/ml]. These two open label trials were recently confirmed with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using 300 IU/kg/day with a maximum of 5000 IU/day and resulted in effects similar to the two open label studies. In terms of prevention, a recent small study showed vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy (5000 IU/day) and during infancy and early childhood (1000 IU/day) significantly reduced the expected incidence of autism in mothers who already had one autistic child from 20% to 5%. Vitamin D is safe; for example, over the last 15 years, Poison Control reports there have been approximately 15,000 cases of vitamin D overdose. However only three of these 15,000 people developed clinical toxicity and no one died. Given those facts, practitioners might consider treating autism with 300 IU/kg/day, and seek to prevent autism by supplementing pregnant and lactating women (5000 IU/day) and infants and young children (150 IU/kg/day) checking 25(OH)D levels every 3 months. These doses will increase 25(OH)D blood levels to those recommended by the Endocrine Society. As the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends vitamin D supplementation during infancy and childhood, pediatricians and family practitioners should evaluate the current evidence on autism and vitamin D and act accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jacob Cannell
- Vitamin D Council Inc., 1411 Marsh Street, Suite 203, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA.
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Ferrero A, Esplugues A, Estarlich M, Llop S, Cases A, Mantilla E, Ballester F, Iñiguez C. Infants' indoor and outdoor residential exposure to benzene and respiratory health in a Spanish cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:486-494. [PMID: 28063708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzene exposure represents a potential risk for children's health. Apart from being a known carcinogen for humans (group 1 according to IARC), there is scientific evidence suggesting a relationship between benzene exposure and respiratory problems in children. But results are still inconclusive and inconsistent. This study aims to assess the determinants of exposure to indoor and outdoor residential benzene levels and its relationship with respiratory health in infants. Participants were 1-year-old infants (N = 352) from the INMA cohort from Valencia (Spain). Residential benzene exposure levels were measured inside and outside dwellings by means of passive samplers in a 15-day campaign. Persistent cough, low respiratory tract infections and wheezing during the first year of life, and covariates (dwelling traits, lifestyle factors and sociodemographic data) were obtained from parental questionnaires. Multiple Tobit regression and logistic regression models were performed to assess factors associated to residential exposure levels and health associations, respectively. Indoor levels were higher than outdoor ones (1.46 and 0.77 μg/m3, respectively; p < 0.01). A considerable percentage of dwellings, 42% and 21% indoors and outdoors respectively, surpassed the WHO guideline of 1.7 μg/m3 derived from a lifetime risk of leukemia above 1/100 000. Monitoring season, maternal country of birth and parental tobacco consumption were associated with residential benzene exposure (indoor and outdoors). Additionally, indoor levels were associated with mother's age and type of heating, and outdoor levels were linked with zone of residence and distance from industrial areas. After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant associations were found between residential benzene exposure levels and respiratory health in infants. Hence, our study did not support the hypothesis for the benzene exposure effect on respiratory health in children. Even so, it highlights a public health concern related to the personal exposure levels, since a considerable number of children surpassed the abovementioned WHO guideline for benzene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Ferrero
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cases
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Mantilla
- Center for Mediterranean Environmental Studies, (CEAM), Parque Tecnológico, Charles R. Darwin, 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I, Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Malmqvist E, Liew Z, Källén K, Rignell-Hydbom A, Rittner R, Rylander L, Ritz B. Fetal growth and air pollution - A study on ultrasound and birth measures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:73-80. [PMID: 27741452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been suggested to affect fetal growth, but more data is needed to assess the timing of exposure effects by using ultrasound measures. It is also important to study effects in low exposure areas to assess eventual thresholds of effects. The MAPSS (Maternal Air Pollution in Southern Sweden) cohort consists of linked registry data for around 48,000 pregnancies from an ultrasound database, birth registry and exposure data based on residential addresses. Measures of air pollution exposure were obtained through dispersion modelling with input data from an emissions database (NOx) with high resolution (100-500m grids). Air pollution effects were assessed with linear regressions for the following endpoints; biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal diameter and estimated fetal weight measured in late pregnancy and birth weight and head circumference measured at birth. We estimated negative effects for NOx; in the adjusted analyses the decrease of abdominal diameter and femur length were -0.10 (-0.17, -0.03) and -0.13 (-0.17, -0.01)mm, respectively, per 10µg/m3 increment of NOx. We also estimated an effect of NOx-exposures on birth weight by reducing birth weight by 9g per 10µg/m3 increment of NOx. We estimated small but statistically significant effects of air pollution on late fetal and birth size and reduced fetal growth late in pregnancy in a geographic area with levels below current WHO air quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Malmqvist
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karin Källén
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anna Rignell-Hydbom
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ralf Rittner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Lars Rylander
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Burte E, Nadif R, Jacquemin B. Susceptibility Factors Relevant for the Association Between Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Asthma. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:23-39. [PMID: 26820569 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we identified 15 studies in children and 10 studies in adults that assessed the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incident asthma and that conducted stratified analyses to explore potential susceptibility factors. Overall, adult never-/former smokers seem to be at higher risk of incident asthma due to air pollution. Children without atopy and children from low socioeconomic status families also seem to be at higher risk of incident asthma due to air pollution. While interaction between air pollution and genes involved in the response to oxidative stress pathways have been explored, results are somewhat inconsistent and in need of replication. To evaluate interactions, large sample sizes are necessary, and much more research, including data pooling from existing studies, is needed to further explore susceptibility factors for asthma incidence due to long-term air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Burte
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France.,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR-S 1168, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Rachel Nadif
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France.,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR-S 1168, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- INSERM, U1168, VIMA: Aging and chronic diseases. Epidemiological and Public health approaches, F-94807, Villejuif, France. .,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, UMR-S 1168, 78180, Montigny le Bretonneux, France. .,CREAL-Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
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Bhatia R, McBride JT. Maternal medications in pregnancy and childhood asthma: Causation or association? J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 56:124-5. [PMID: 26291600 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Bhatia
- Division of Pulmonology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - John T McBride
- Division of Pulmonology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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Abstract
The DOHaD research field has successfully associated adult non-communicable diseases with inadequate nutrition in early periods of life. More recently, different types of exposure have been linked with impaired developmental outcomes and later health consequences, such as cesarean section at delivery, air pollution and domestic violence during pregnancy. The aim of this work is to bring up this issue looking at the published evidence on these three highly prevalent hazards in Latin American countries.
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