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Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Baumhove L, Al-Mubarak AA, Aboumsallem JP, Bomer N, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Immunomodulation and immunopharmacology in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:119-149. [PMID: 37709934 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. However, it is currently underused as a therapeutic target in the clinical setting. Moreover, the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies and their investigation for the treatment of patients with heart failure are hampered by the fact that currently used, evidence-based treatments for heart failure exert multiple immunomodulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge on how evidence-based treatments for heart failure affect the immune system in addition to their primary mechanism of action, both to inform practising physicians about these pleiotropic actions and to create a framework for the development and application of future immunomodulatory therapies. We also delineate which subpopulations of patients with heart failure might benefit from immunomodulatory treatments. Furthermore, we summarize completed and ongoing clinical trials that assess immunomodulatory treatments in heart failure and present several therapeutic targets that could be investigated in the future. Lastly, we provide future directions to leverage the immunomodulatory potential of existing treatments and to foster the investigation of novel immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Markousis-Mavrogenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lukas Baumhove
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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2
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Yao Y, Lei X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Huang H, Zhao Y, Shi S, Gao Y, Cai X, Gao S, Lin Y. A Mitochondrial Nanoguard Modulates Redox Homeostasis and Bioenergy Metabolism in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22334-22354. [PMID: 37782570 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
As a major late complication of diabetes, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the primary reason for amputation. Nevertheless, there are no wonder drugs available. Regulating dysfunctional mitochondria is a key therapeutic target for DPN. Resveratrol (RSV) is widely proven to guard mitochondria, yet the unsatisfactory bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) are promising carriers due to their excellent cell entrance efficiency, biological safety, and structure editability. Here, RSV was intercalated into tFNAs to form the tFNAs-RSV complexes. tFNAs-RSV achieved enhanced stability, bioavailability, and biocompatibility compared with tFNAs and RSV alone. With its treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was minimized and reductases were activated in an in vitro model of DPN. Besides, respiratory function and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production were enhanced. tFNAs-RSV also exhibited favorable therapeutic effects on sensory dysfunction, neurovascular deterioration, demyelination, and neuroapoptosis in DPN mice. Metabolomics analysis revealed that redox regulation and energy metabolism were two principal mechanisms that were impacted during the process. Comprehensive inspections indicated that tFNAs-RSV inhibited nitrosation and oxidation and activated reductase and respiratory chain. In sum, tFNAs-RSV served as a mitochondrial nanoguard (mito-guard), representing a viable drilling target for clinical drug development of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Lei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, and Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Geru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shaojingya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:312-371. [PMID: 35603834 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Ham SY, Jun JH, Kim HB, Shim JK, Lee G, Kwak YL. Regulators impeding erythropoiesis following iron supplementation in a clinically relevant rat model of iron deficiency anemia with inflammation. Life Sci 2022; 310:121124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lupu M, Tudor D, Filip A. Iron metabolism and cardiovascular disease: Basic to translational purviews and therapeutical approach. Rev Port Cardiol 2022; 41:1037-1046. [PMID: 36228833 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron interactions with the cardiovascular system were proposed about half a century ago, yet a clear-cut understanding of this micronutrient and its intricacies with acute and chronic events is still lacking. In chronic heart failure, patients with decreased iron stores appear to benefit from intravenous administration of metallic formulations, whereas acute diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) are barely studied in randomized controlled trials in humans. However, proof-of-concept studies have indicated that the dual redox characteristics of iron could be involved in atherosclerosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. To this end, we sought to review the currently available body of literature pertaining to these temporal profiles of heart diseases, as well as the pathophysiologic mechanism by which iron enacts, underlining key points related to treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lupu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Tudor
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Filip
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Physiology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Isles MP. Nanomedicines and Nanosimilars—Why a Robust Centralised Regulatory Framework Is Essential to Enhance Patient Safety. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:787239. [PMID: 35280250 PMCID: PMC8907565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Viegas V, Burzlaff A, Brock TO, Danzeisen R. A tiered approach to investigate the inhalation toxicity of cobalt substances. Tier 3: Inflammatory response following acute inhalation exposure correlates with lower tier data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 130:105127. [PMID: 35124137 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that cobalt substances predominantly induce pre-inflammatory biomarkers, resulting in a grouping of substances either predicted to cause inflammation following inhalation, or those with a different reactivity profile (poorly-reactive). There is a lack of data on whole-organ lung responses following inhalation of these substances, especially relating to the poorly-reactive group. It is of interest to generate tissue-specific histopathological correlation to better ascertain the predictive nature of the lower tier tests (i.e. tier 1 - bioelution, tiers 2a and b - in vitro markers and ToxTracker testing), in order to understand the type of effects caused by the poorly-reactive group and to gauge long-term effects. Eight cobalt substances were tested in vivo in a customized four-hour toxicity test; with animals sacrificed up to 14-days post-exposure. Histopathological severity scores were assigned based on inflammatory and pre-carcinogenic markers. A clear pattern emerged, with the reactive substances causing a persistent increase in one or more of the selected markers, and absence of these markers with poorly-reactive substances. Longer-term studies should be conducted to investigate the repeated dose effects of the poorly-reactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Viegas
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK.
| | - Arne Burzlaff
- EBRC Consulting GmbH, Raffaelstraße 4, 30177, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas O Brock
- Duke Occupational & Environmental Medicine, DUMC 3834, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ruth Danzeisen
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK.
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Changes in Hepcidin Levels in an Animal Model of Anemia of Chronic Inflammation: Mechanistic Insights Related to Iron Supplementation and Hepcidin Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4357756. [PMID: 34873429 PMCID: PMC8643261 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4357756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined changes in hepcidin (closely associated with anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI)) and upstream regulatory pathways after intravenous (IV) iron supplementation in an ACI animal model. ACI was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneally administering complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Two weeks after starting CFA treatment, ACI rats received IV iron (CFA-iron) or vehicle (CFA-saline). Three days after IV iron treatment, iron profiles, hepcidin levels, and expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathways upstream of hepcidin transcription in the liver were measured. In CFA-treated rats, anemia with a concomitant increase in the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species occurred. In CFA-iron rats, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was still lower than that in control rats. In CFA-saline rats, hepatic hepcidin and ferritin levels increased compared with those in control rats and were further increased in CFA-iron rats. In CFA-saline rats, NADPH oxidase- (NOX-) 2, NOX-4, and superoxide dismutase levels in the liver were upregulated compared with those in control rats and their levels were further increased in CFA-iron rats. In CFA-saline rats, activities of the IL-6/STAT and BMP/SMAD pathways were enhanced in the liver compared with those in control rats and their levels were further increased in CFA-iron rats, whereas IL-6 expression remained unaffected after IV iron administration. In HepG2 cells, iron caused phosphorylation of STAT-3 and SMAD1/5 and knockdown of STAT-3 and SMAD1/5 using siRNAs reduced iron-induced hepcidin upregulation to levels similar to those in corresponding control cells. Renal erythropoietin expression and serum erythroferrone concentration were lower in CFA-iron rats than those in control rats. In ACI rats, IV iron supplementation did not recover Hb within three days despite an increase in hepatic ferritin levels, which might be attributable to an additional increase in hepcidin levels that was already upregulated under ACI conditions. Both STAT-3 phosphorylation and SMAD1/5 phosphorylation were associated with hepcidin upregulation after IV iron treatment, and this seems to be linked to iron-induced oxidative stress.
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Li S, Zhang H, Chang J, Li D, Cao P. Iron overload and mitochondrial dysfunction orchestrate pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174613. [PMID: 34740581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive heterogeneous disease of lung tissues with poor lung function caused by scar tissue. Due to our limited understanding of its mechanism, there is currently no treatment strategy that can prevent the development of PF. In recent years, iron accumulation and mitochondrial damage have been reported to participate in PF, and drugs that reduce iron content and improve mitochondrial function have shown significant efficacy in animal experimental models. Excessive iron leads to mitochondrial impairment, which may be the key cause that results in the dysfunction of various kinds of pulmonary cells and further promotes PF. As an emerging research hotspot, there are few targeted effective therapeutic strategies at present due to limited mechanistic understanding. In this review, the roles of iron homeostasis imbalance and mitochondrial damage in PF are summarized and discussed, highlighting a promising direction for finding truly effective therapeutics for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengxiu Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Wang P, Guo C, Pan H, Chen W, Peng D. Iron Sucrose: A Double-Edged Sword in High Phosphate Media-Induced Vascular Calcification. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:798-807. [PMID: 33439323 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an important clinical subject. Hyperphosphatemia is a primary cause of CKD-related VC. Intravenous iron sucrose (IS) is commonly used to treat anemia in CKD patients, and is effective and well tolerated worldwide. However, the interaction between iron and VC remains controversial, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be clarified. In the present study, ex vivo normal rat aortic rings were cultured with various concentrations of phosphate and IS, and the levels of calcium and iron depositions, oxidative injury, as well as phenotypic marker genes were detected. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report that IS is a double-edged sword in high phosphate media-induced VC which not only alleviates VC in a dose-dependent manner but also leads to iron overload in vasculature when in high concentration. IS is a promising agent for VC prevention in patients with hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency. Meanwhile, the appropriate blood concentration of IS in patients with hyperphosphatemia needs to be explored clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Chengkun Guo
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Wangshan Chen
- Nephrology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Neonatology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Skała E, Pawliczak R. The Anti-inflammatory Potential of Selected Plant-derived Compounds in Respiratory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2876-2884. [PMID: 32250214 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in chronic airway diseases like asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the worsening of the lung function resulting in worsening symptoms. The inflammatory process is very complexed, therefore the strategies for developing an effective treatment for inflammatory airway diseases would benefit from the use of natural substances. Plant products have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties on various lung disease models and numerous natural plant agents have successfully been used to treat inflammation. Naturally occurring substances may exert some anti-inflammatory effects by modulating some of the inflammatory pathways. These agents have been used in different cultures for thousands of years and have proven to be relatively safe. Parthenolide, apocynin, proanthocyanidins, and boswellic acid present different mechanisms of actions - among others, through NF-kB or NADPH oxidase inhibition, therefore showing a wide range of applications in various inflammatory diseases. Moreover, some of them have also antioxidant properties. This review provides an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of some of the natural agents and illustrates their great potential as sources of drugs to cover an extensive range of pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, S. Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Pereira AF, Lino JA, Alves BWF, Lisboa MRP, Pontes RB, Leite CAVG, Nogueira RB, Lima-Júnior RCP, Vale ML. Amifostine protects from the peripheral sensory neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin in mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2020; 53:e10263. [PMID: 32965323 PMCID: PMC7510240 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of oxaliplatin-based cancer treatment. This study investigated the antinociceptive effect of amifostine and its potential neuroprotective mechanisms on the oxaliplatin-related peripheral sensory neuropathy in mice. Oxaliplatin (1 mg/kg) was injected intravenously in Swiss albino male mice twice a week (total of nine injections), while amifostine (1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously 30 min before oxaliplatin. Mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests were performed once a week for 49 days. Additionally, c-Fos, nitrotyrosine, and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) immunoexpressions were assessed in the dorsal root ganglia. In all doses, amifostine prevented the development of mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal allodynia induced by oxaliplatin (P<0.05). Amifostine at the dose of 25 mg/kg provided the best protection (P<0.05). Moreover, amifostine protected against neuronal hyperactivation, nitrosative stress, and neuronal damage in the dorsal root ganglia, detected by the reduced expression of c-Fos, nitrotyrosine, and ATF3 (P<0.05 vs the oxaliplatin-treated group). In conclusion, amifostine reduced the nociception induced by oxaliplatin in mice, suggesting the possible use of amifostine for the management of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Pereira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J A Lino
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - B W F Alves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M R P Lisboa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R B Pontes
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C A V G Leite
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R B Nogueira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R C P Lima-Júnior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M L Vale
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.,Departamento de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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13
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Chronic Kidney Disease as Oxidative Stress- and Inflammatory-Mediated Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080752. [PMID: 32823917 PMCID: PMC7463588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for both physiology and pathology. An imbalance between endogenous oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress, contributing to vascular dysfunction. The ROS-induced activation of transcription factors and proinflammatory genes increases inflammation. This phenomenon is of crucial importance in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), because atherosclerosis is one of the critical factors of their cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality. The effect of ROS disrupts the excretory function of each section of the nephron. It prevents the maintenance of intra-systemic homeostasis and leads to the accumulation of metabolic products. Renal regulatory mechanisms, such as tubular glomerular feedback, myogenic reflex in the supplying arteriole, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, are also affected. It makes it impossible for the kidney to compensate for water–electrolyte and acid–base disturbances, which progress further in the mechanism of positive feedback, leading to a further intensification of oxidative stress. As a result, the progression of CKD is observed, with a spectrum of complications such as malnutrition, calcium phosphate abnormalities, atherosclerosis, and anemia. This review aimed to show the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in renal impairment, with a particular emphasis on its influence on the most common disturbances that accompany CKD.
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Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. Commentary: Could iron chelators prove to be useful as an adjunct to COVID-19 Treatment Regimens? Metabolism 2020; 108:154260. [PMID: 32418885 PMCID: PMC7207125 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to global health. Currently, no specific prophylactic and therapeutic treatment is available. No evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that a treatment may ameliorate the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 exists with the only exception of preliminary evidence from remdesivir trials. Here, we present evidence from the literature and a compelling hypothesis on the potential immunomodulatory, iron chelating and anti-oxidant effects of iron chelators in the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications. Interestingly, iron chelation has been shown in vitro to suppress endothelial inflammation in viral infection, which is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind systemic organ involvement induced by SARS-CoV-2, by inhibiting IL-6 synthesis through decreasing NF-kB. Iron chelators exhibit iron chelating, antiviral and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo, particularly against RNA viruses. These agents could attenuate ARDS and help control SARS-CoV-2 via multiple mechanisms including: 1) inhibition of viral replication; 2) decrease of iron availability; 3) upregulation of B cells; 4) improvement of the neutralizing anti-viral antibody titer; 5) inhibition of endothelial inflammation and 6) prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and lung decline via reduction of pulmonary iron accumulation. Both retrospective analyses of data in electronic health records, as well as proof of concept studies in humans and large RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of iron chelating agents in the therapeutic armamentarium of COVID-19, probably as an adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Ali MK, Kim RY, Brown AC, Donovan C, Vanka KS, Mayall JR, Liu G, Pillar AL, Jones-Freeman B, Xenaki D, Borghuis T, Karim R, Pinkerton JW, Aryal R, Heidari M, Martin KL, Burgess JK, Oliver BG, Trinder D, Johnstone DM, Milward EA, Hansbro PM, Horvat JC. Critical role for iron accumulation in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disease. J Pathol 2020; 251:49-62. [PMID: 32083318 DOI: 10.1002/path.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased iron levels and dysregulated iron homeostasis, or both, occur in several lung diseases. Here, the effects of iron accumulation on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and associated lung function decline was investigated using a combination of murine models of iron overload and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, primary human lung fibroblasts treated with iron, and histological samples from patients with or without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Iron levels are significantly increased in iron overloaded transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) mutant mice and homeostatic iron regulator (Hfe) gene-deficient mice and this is associated with increases in airway fibrosis and reduced lung function. Furthermore, fibrosis and lung function decline are associated with pulmonary iron accumulation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, we show that iron accumulation is increased in lung sections from patients with IPF and that human lung fibroblasts show greater proliferation and cytokine and extracellular matrix responses when exposed to increased iron levels. Significantly, we show that intranasal treatment with the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), from the time when pulmonary iron levels accumulate, prevents airway fibrosis and decline in lung function in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with an increase in Tfr1+ macrophages that display altered phenotype in disease, and DFO treatment modified the abundance of these cells. These experimental and clinical data demonstrate that increased accumulation of pulmonary iron plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and lung function decline. Furthermore, these data highlight the potential for the therapeutic targeting of increased pulmonary iron in the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases such as IPF. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kanth S Vanka
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jemma R Mayall
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amber L Pillar
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theo Borghuis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafia Karim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - James W Pinkerton
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Respiratory Pharmacology & Toxicology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ritambhara Aryal
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Moones Heidari
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kristy L Martin
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie Trinder
- Medical School and, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Abstract
Introduction: Anemia is a common extraintestinal complication of Crohn's disease (CD) mainly caused by iron deficiency, that affects the quality of life in CD patients. Elucidation of the etiology and pathology of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) has developed in recent years. Common biochemical parameters of iron status are insufficient for assessment of patients with anemia and CD. Thus, novel iron indices are required for accurate assessment in IDA patients with CD. Oral iron supplementation for IDA treatment is common and is associated with minor gastrointestinal side effects. Intravenous substitution improves safety profiles but may be not tolerable in some patients. Fortunately, additional therapies for anemia of active CD have emerged in recent years.Area covered: Here, we propose the review article on the link among anemia, iron deficiency, and Crohn's disease. We discuss the current diagnosis and therapy of anemia and iron deficiency in CD and propose the new directions for future research.Expert commentary: Exploring pathogeneses and treatments of anemia and iron deficiency in Crohn's disease will develop potential tools for early diagnosis and effective treatment of anemia in CD patients, and improve their life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yueying
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Jun
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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17
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Spahn DR, Schoenrath F, Spahn GH, Seifert B, Stein P, Theusinger OM, Kaserer A, Hegemann I, Hofmann A, Maisano F, Falk V. Effect of ultra-short-term treatment of patients with iron deficiency or anaemia undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2019; 393:2201-2212. [PMID: 31036337 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia and iron deficiency are frequent in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. This study assessed whether immediate preoperative treatment could result in reduced perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and improved outcome. METHODS In this single-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group controlled study, patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with anaemia (n=253; haemoglobin concentration (Hb) <120 g/L in women and Hb <130 g/L in men) or isolated iron deficiency (n=252; ferritin <100 mcg/L, no anaemia) were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) with the use of a computer-generated range minimisation (allocation probability 0·8) to receive either placebo or combination treatment consisting of a slow infusion of 20 mg/kg ferric carboxymaltose, 40 000 U subcutaneous erythropoietin alpha, 1 mg subcutaneous vitamin B12, and 5 mg oral folic acid or placebo on the day before surgery. Primary outcome was the number of RBC transfusions during the first 7 days. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02031289. FINDINGS Between Jan 9, 2014, and July 19, 2017, 1006 patients were enrolled; 505 with anaemia or isolated iron deficiency and 501 in the registry. The combination treatment significantly reduced RBC transfusions from a median of one unit in the placebo group (IQR 0-3) to zero units in the treatment group (0-2, during the first 7 days (odds ratio 0·70 [95% CI 0·50-0·98] for each threshold of number of RBC transfusions, p=0·036) and until postoperative day 90 (p=0·018). Despite fewer RBC units transfused, patients in the treatment group had a higher haemoglobin concentration, higher reticulocyte count, and a higher reticulocyte haemoglobin content during the first 7 days (p≤0·001). Combined allogeneic transfusions were less in the treatment group (0 [IQR 0-2]) versus the placebo group (1 [0-3]) during the first 7 days (p=0·038) and until postoperative day 90 (p=0·019). 73 (30%) serious adverse events were reported in the treatment group group versus 79 (33%) in the placebo group. INTERPRETATION An ultra-short-term combination treatment with intravenous iron, subcutaneous erythropoietin alpha, vitamin B12, and oral folic acid reduced RBC and total allogeneic blood product transfusions in patients with preoperative anaemia or isolated iron deficiency undergoing elective cardiac surgery. FUNDING Vifor Pharma and Swiss Foundation for Anaesthesia Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Schoenrath
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela H Spahn
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stein
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver M Theusinger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kaserer
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Hegemann
- Division of Haematology, University of Zurich and Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Hofmann
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; School of Surgery, University of Western Australia and School of Public Health Research, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francesco Maisano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Ghafourian K, Chang H, Ardehali H. Intravenous iron therapy in heart failure: a different perspective. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:703-714. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Ghafourian
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Hsiang‐Chun Chang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University Chicago IL USA
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19
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Li S, Wang J, Wei BK, Dong G, Wang X. Protective Effect of Taurine on Paraquat-Induced Lung Epithelial Cell Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:739-746. [PMID: 31468444 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The herbicide Paraquat induce oxidative stress-mediated lung injury. Taurine is a well-known antioxidant. This study was designed to explore the effect of taurine on paraquat-induced injury and its related mechanism in A549 cells. The cells were pretreated with various concentrations of taurine for 30 min prior to paraquat exposure. 24 h later, cell viability was examined by the MTT assay. The level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analyzed. The results show that taurine treatment significantly attenuates the decrease in cell viability mediated by paraquat in A549 cells. Taurine also reversed paraquat-induced disturbances in GSH content and GPx activity. Taurine exerts protection against paraquat-mediated A549 cell toxicity likely through modulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxing Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Clinical Medicine (5+3), Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Kai Wei
- Clinical Medicine (5+3), Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangtao Dong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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20
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Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Olguín HJ, Peraza AV, García EH, Jiménez FT, Mejía GB. Cytarabine and Ferric Carboxymaltose (Fe+3) Increase Oxidative Damage and Alter Serotonergic Metabolism in Brain. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:149-155. [PMID: 30484410 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666181128144343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the effect on brain biomarkers after treatment with anticancer compounds - cytarabine (CT) and ferric carboxymaltose (FC) (Fe+3) in Wistar rats. METHODS The Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9%; group 2, CT (25 mg/k), group 3, FC(Fe+3) (50 mg/k) and group 4, CT + FC(Fe+3). The animals were sacrificed and their brains were obtained and used to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) and dopamine. The results indicated an enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the cortex and striatum of groups treated with FC(Fe+3) and CT, while GSH decreased in the cortex of group treated with CT + FC(Fe+3). Dopamine decreased in the cortex of the rats that received CT, while in the striatum, 5HIAA increased in all groups. RESULTS & CONCLUSION These results suggest that the treatment with CT and FC(Fe+3) boosted oxidative stress and led to an alteration in momoamine concentrations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maribel Ortíz Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Bacteriology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratory of Pharmacology. National Institute of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ernestina Hernández García
- Laboratory of Pharmacology. National Institute of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Trujillo Jiménez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology. National Institute of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Nanomedicines: The magic bullets reaching their target? Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 128:73-80. [PMID: 30465818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines, since the approval of the first one in the 1950s, have been accompanied by expectations of higher efficiency and efficacy, compared to less complex drugs. The fulfilment of those expectations has been slower than anticipated, due to the high complexity of nanomedicine drugs combined with a lack of scientific understanding of nanomedicine interactions with biological systems. The unique properties of their size and their surface composition create difficulties in their physicochemical characterization, and as a consequence, difficulty in assessing the similarity of follow-on products (nanosimilars) to originator nanomedicines. During the 2018 European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS) annual meeting "Crossing the barrier for future medicines" in Athens, there were several sessions on nanomedicines organised by the EUFEPS Nanomedicine Network. This review focuses on the session "Nanomedicines and nanosimilars: how to assess similar?", discussing the nature of nanomedicines, the regulatory aspects of the topic and the impact of practical use and handling of such medicinal products. Emphasis is put on the consequences their nanosize-related properties have on the establishment of their critical quality attributes and how this affects the demonstration of bioequivalence of nanosimilars to their originator products. The lack of an appropriate and harmonized regulatory evaluation procedure and the absence of corresponding education are also discussed, especially the uncertainty surrounding the practical use of nanosimilars, including the higher healthcare cost due to less than satisfactory number of safe and efficacious nanosimilars in the market.
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22
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Morin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 63:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Regulatory challenges of nanomedicines and their follow-on versions: A generic or similar approach? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:122-131. [PMID: 29966685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines and follow-on versions (also called nanosimilars in the EU) have been on the market partially for decades although without recognition of their nano properties in the beginning; a substantial number is in clinical development. Nanomedicines are typically synthetic and belong to the non-biological complex drugs. They show a high variability in form, structure, and size. Additionally large molecule biologics show nano-characteristics meaning nano-dimension in size (1-100 nm) or specific properties related to these dimensions. The high complexity of nanomedicines with their heterogeneous structures do not allow a full physicochemical quality characterization, challenging the regulatory evaluation especially for follow-on versions upon comparison with the reference product. The generic paradigm with the sameness approach for quality and bioequivalence in blood plasma is not appropriate for nanomedicines where a similar approach is needed. After experiencing non-equivalence of authorized parenteral colloidal iron follow-on versions, EMA and FDA issued reflection papers and draft guidances for industry to present their current thinking on the evaluation of such complex products. A stepwise approach to evaluate the extent of similarity, from quality, including critical quality attributes (CQA) and assessment of nano properties, to a non-clinical biodistribution assay, required in the the EU but not in the US, and to clinical evaluation makes sense. The cumulated totality of evidence for the authorization of nanomedicine follow-on versions goes case-by-case. Interchangeability, or substitutability, is a challenge. However, a defined or even harmonized approval pathway for these follow-versions is still missing and causes potential differences in approval. To progress, a science-based discussion platform among stakeholders and experts in the field is necessary. An agenda has been agreed [5], namely CQA assessment, publication of scientific and clinical findings, consensus on nomenclature and labelling, and regulatory actions on substandard complex drug products. Consensus created in a public private approach will support progress towards a defined and harmonized regulatory pathway for nanomedicines and their follow-on versions. This will provide drug innovation but also larger access to follow-on versions of nanomedicines, both a benefit for the patient.
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