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Teppan J, Schwanzer J, Rittchen S, Bärnthaler T, Lindemann J, Nayak B, Reiter B, Luschnig P, Farzi A, Heinemann A, Sturm E. The disrupted molecular circadian clock of monocytes and macrophages in allergic inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408772. [PMID: 38863703 PMCID: PMC11165079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophage dysfunction is a common feature of inflammatory disorders such as asthma, which is characterized by a strong circadian rhythm. Methods and results We monitored the protein expression pattern of the molecular circadian clock in human peripheral blood monocytes from healthy, allergic, and asthmatic donors during a whole day. Monocytes cultured of these donors allowed us to examine circadian protein expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages, M1- and M2- polarized macrophages. In monocytes, particularly from allergic asthmatics, the oscillating expression of circadian proteins CLOCK, BMAL, REV ERBs, and RORs was significantly altered. Similar changes in BMAL1 were observed in polarized macrophages from allergic donors and in tissue-resident macrophages from activated precision cut lung slices. We confirmed clock modulating, anti-inflammatory, and lung-protective properties of the inverse ROR agonist SR1001 by reduced secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein and increase in phagocytosis. Using a house dust mite model, we verified the therapeutic effect of SR1001 in vivo. Discussion Overall, our data suggest an interaction between the molecular circadian clock and monocytes/macrophages effector function in inflammatory lung diseases. The use of SR1001 leads to inflammatory resolution in vitro and in vivo and represents a promising clock-based therapeutic approach for chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Teppan
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juliana Schwanzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Rittchen
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Lindemann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barsha Nayak
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Reiter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Aitak Farzi
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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2
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Auger JP, Zimmermann M, Faas M, Stifel U, Chambers D, Krishnacoumar B, Taudte RV, Grund C, Erdmann G, Scholtysek C, Uderhardt S, Ben Brahim O, Pascual Maté M, Stoll C, Böttcher M, Palumbo-Zerr K, Mangan MSJ, Dzamukova M, Kieler M, Hofmann M, Blüml S, Schabbauer G, Mougiakakos D, Sonnewald U, Hartmann F, Simon D, Kleyer A, Grüneboom A, Finotto S, Latz E, Hofmann J, Schett G, Tuckermann J, Krönke G. Metabolic rewiring promotes anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Nature 2024; 629:184-192. [PMID: 38600378 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids represent the mainstay of therapy for a broad spectrum of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory mode of action have remained incompletely understood1. Here we show that the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids involve reprogramming of the mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages, resulting in increased and sustained production of the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate and consequent inhibition of the inflammatory response. The glucocorticoid receptor interacts with parts of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex whereby glucocorticoids provoke an increase in activity and enable an accelerated and paradoxical flux of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in otherwise pro-inflammatory macrophages. This glucocorticoid-mediated rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism potentiates TCA-cycle-dependent production of itaconate throughout the inflammatory response, thereby interfering with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, artificial blocking of the TCA cycle or genetic deficiency in aconitate decarboxylase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme of itaconate synthesis, interferes with the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and, accordingly, abrogates their beneficial effects during a diverse range of preclinical models of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Our findings provide important insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids and have substantial implications for the design of new classes of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Auger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Faas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stifel
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Chambers
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brenda Krishnacoumar
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, e.V, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - R Verena Taudte
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Grund
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gitta Erdmann
- Division of the Molecular Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Optical Imaging Competence Centre (FAU OICE), Exploratory Research Unit, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oumaima Ben Brahim
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Optical Imaging Competence Centre (FAU OICE), Exploratory Research Unit, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mónica Pascual Maté
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Palumbo-Zerr
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew S J Mangan
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Dzamukova
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kieler
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Hofmann
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS, e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Paolucci M, Antz N, Homère V, Kolm I, Kündig TM, Johansen P. A murine model of peanut-allergic asthma. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1378877. [PMID: 38765484 PMCID: PMC11099873 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1378877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peanut allergy is an IgE-mediated food allergy that is associated with asthma in certain patients. With increasing prevalence, its great impact on the quality of life, and a lack of treatment options, the need for new therapy options is a given. Hence, models for research and development are required. This study aimed to establish a murine model of allergic airway inflammation induced by peanut allergens. Methods C3H mice were sensitised by intraperitoneal injections of peanut allergen extract and challenged by an intranasal application of the same extract. The assessment of airway inflammation involved the analysis of immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as measured by flow cytometry. Inflammatory reactions in the lung tissue were also studied by histology and quantitative PCR. Moreover, peanut-specific immune responses were studied after re-stimulation of spleen cells in vitro. Results Sensitisation led to allergen-specific IgE, IgA, and IgG1 seroconversion. Subsequent nasal exposure led to allergic airway inflammation as manifested by structural changes such as bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucus cell hyperplasia, infiltration of eosinophil cells and T cells, as well as an upregulation of genes expressing IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ. Upon re-stimulation of splenocytes with peanut allergen, increased secretion of both T-helper type 2 (Th2) and Th1 cytokines was observed. Conclusion We successfully established a peanut-associated asthma model that exhibited many features characteristic of airway inflammation in human patients with allergic asthma. The model holds potential as a tool for investigating novel therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing the development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paolucci
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Antz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Homère
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Calzetta L, Page C, Matera MG, Cazzola M, Rogliani P. Use of human airway smooth muscle in vitro and ex vivo to investigate drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:610-639. [PMID: 37859567 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated airway smooth muscle has been extensively investigated since 1840 to understand the pharmacology of airway diseases. There has often been poor predictability from murine experiments to drugs evaluated in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the use of isolated human airways represents a sensible strategy to optimise the development of innovative molecules for the treatment of respiratory diseases. This review aims to provide updated evidence on the current uses of isolated human airways in validated in vitro methods to investigate drugs in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders. This review also provides historical notes on the pioneering pharmacological research on isolated human airway tissues, the key differences between human and animal airways, as well as the pivotal differences between human medium bronchi and small airways. Experiments carried out with isolated human bronchial tissues in vitro and ex vivo replicate many of the main anatomical, pathophysiological, mechanical and immunological characteristics of patients with asthma or COPD. In vitro models of asthma and COPD using isolated human airways can provide information that is directly translatable into humans with obstructive lung diseases. Regardless of the technique used to investigate drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders (i.e., isolated organ bath systems, videomicroscopy and wire myography), the most limiting factors to produce high-quality and repeatable data remain closely tied to the manual skills of the researcher conducting experiments and the availability of suitable tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Clive Page
- Pulmonary Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Abdelmawgood IA, Mahana NA, Badr AM, Mohamed AS. Echinochrome exhibits anti-asthmatic activity through the suppression of airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in ovalbumin-induced asthma in BALB/c mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1803-1815. [PMID: 37750936 PMCID: PMC10858934 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease with marked infiltrating inflammatory cells and reduced respiratory performance. Echinochrome (Ech) is a dark-red pigment isolated from the sea urchin spines, shells, and ova. It has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, but whether it can be used in asthma treatment has yet to be investigated. In this research, we aimed to study the inhibitory actions of Ech on allergic asthma symptoms in mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 for each): control, ovalbumin-challenged, and Ech-treated (0.1 and 1 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, nasal scratching, lung oxidative stress, airway inflammation, and remodeling were assessed. In ovalbumin-challenged BALB/C mice, treatment with Ech significantly decreased nasal scratching, lung oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hyperproduction and hyperplasia of goblet cells, IgE levels, and inflammatory cytokines. It also inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation. This is the first study to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Ech against allergic asthma in mice. According to our findings, we imply that Ech may be utilized as a treatment for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha A Mahana
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mahmoud Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Saber Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Chen YJ, Yuan Y, Peng L, Dong XY, Xu YD, Wang Y, Yang YQ. Effects of increasing sensitizing doses of ovalbumin on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1225. [PMID: 38533918 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dosage of ovalbumin (OVA) during the sensitization stage is considered a crucial factor in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, the inconsistent dosages of sensitizing OVA used in current studies and the lack of research on their impact on AHR are notable limitations. METHODS We examined the impact of increasing sensitizing doses of OVA in a murine asthma model, which entailed initial sensitization with OVA followed by repeated exposure to OVA aerosols. BALB/c mice were primed with doses of OVA (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg) plus 1 mg Alum on Days 0 and 7, and were challenged with OVA aerosols (10 mg/mL for 30 min) between Days 14 and 17. Antigen-induced AHR to methacholine (MCh), as well as histological changes, eosinophilic infiltration, and epithelial injury were assessed. RESULTS The result indicated that there are striking OVA dose-related differences in antigen-induced AHR to MCh. The most intense antigen-induced AHR to MCh was observed with sensitization at 50 μg, while weaker responses were seen at 10, 20, and 100 μg. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in eosinophil count with sensitization at 50 μg. The changes of AHR were correlated with total cells count, lymphocytes count, eosinophils count, and basophils count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; however, it did not correlate with histological changes such as cellular infiltration into bronchovascular bundles and goblet cell hyperplasia of the bronchial epithelium. CONCLUSION Overall, this study demonstrated that sensitization with 50 μg of OVA resulted in the most significant AHR compared to other dosages. These findings may offer valuable insights for future research on mouse asthma modeling protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiao Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Deparment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lu Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Dong Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Yu Y, Ni M, Zheng Y, Huang Y. Airway epithelial-targeted nanoparticle reverses asthma in inhalation therapy. J Control Release 2024; 367:223-234. [PMID: 38272396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on corticosteroids for treating asthma, their short residence time in the lungs has limited their therapeutic effects in vivo. Nanoparticles have been widely investigated for inhaled drug delivery due to their potential benefits in prolonging drugs' residence time in the lungs. However, the retention of nanoparticles may be limited by mucus and ciliated epithelium clearance mechanisms in the airway. Herein, we anchored a neonatal-Fc-receptor-targeted peptide (FcBP) onto "mucus-penetrating" polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (PEG-NP). Interestingly, the mucus-permeability of PEG-NP was not impaired by FcBP-functionalization. Moreover, FcBP modification enhanced cellular internalization and exocytosis via specific receptor-mediated processes, which subsequently ameliorated transepithelial transport and prolonged pulmonary retention. Importantly, after loading dexamethasone, FcBP-functionalization could effectively help nanoparticles cross the airway epithelial layer and be endocytosed by inflammatory cells, resulting in a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokines. Finally, FcBP modification significantly enhanced the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles in asthma mice. This study demonstrates that FcBP-functionalized PEG-NP can overcome multiple obstacles in the airway to prolong the pulmonary retention of drugs, providing a promising strategy for inhalation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingjie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Dsilva A, Avlas S, Rhone N, Itan M, Munitz A. A Mouse Model for Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE). Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e993. [PMID: 38372429 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic T helper type 2 (Th2)-associated, allergic, and immune-mediated disease, characterized histologically by eosinophil-predominant mucosal inflammation and clinically by esophageal dysfunction. Over the past years, the prevalence of EoE has dramatically increased globally. Until recently, most studies of EoE focused on using human biopsies, which are also used for diagnostic purposes, or esophageal epithelial cell lines, which led to major advances in the understanding of EoE. Despite this, a robust mouse model that mimics human disease is still crucial for both understanding disease pathogenesis and as a preclinical model for testing future therapeutics. Herein, we describe a highly reproducible and robust model of EoE that can be performed using wild-type mice by ear sensitization with oxazolone (OXA) followed by intraesophageal challenges. Experimental EoE elicited by OXA mimics the main histopathological features of human EoE, including intraepithelial eosinophilia, epithelial and lamina propria thickening, basal cell hyperplasia, and fibrosis. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Induction of EoE in mice using oxazolone Support Protocol 1: Preparing the mouse esophagus for histological analysis Support Protocol 2: Assessment of epithelial and lamina propria thickness using H&E staining Support Protocol 3: Assessment of eosinophilic infiltration using anti-MBP and basal cell proliferation using anti-Ki-67 staining Support Protocol 4: Flow cytometry of mouse esophageal samples Support Protocol 5: ELISA on protein lysates of esophageal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Dsilva
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shmulik Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Natalie Rhone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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9
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Tiligada E, Gafarov D, Zaimi M, Vitte J, Levi-Schaffer F. Novel Immunopharmacological Drugs for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:481-506. [PMID: 37722722 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051623-091038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The exponential rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases since the mid-twentieth century has led to a genuine public health emergency and has also fostered major progress in research on the underlying mechanisms and potential treatments. The management of allergic diseases benefits from the biological revolution, with an array of novel immunomodulatory therapeutic and investigational tools targeting players of allergic inflammation at distinct pathophysiological steps. Prominent examples include therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against cytokines, alarmins, and their receptors, as well as small-molecule modifiers of signal transduction mainly mediated by Janus kinases and Bruton's tyrosine kinases. However, the first-line therapeutic options have yet to switch from symptomatic to disease-modifying interventions. Here we present an overview of available drugs in the context of our current understanding of allergy pathophysiology, identify potential therapeutic targets, and conclude by providing a selection of candidate immunopharmacological molecules under investigation for potential future use in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Tiligada
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Daria Gafarov
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Maria Zaimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joana Vitte
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier, INSERM
- Montpellier, France
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
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10
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Barosova R, Baranovicova E, Hanusrichterova J, Mokra D. Metabolomics in Animal Models of Bronchial Asthma and Its Translational Importance for Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:459. [PMID: 38203630 PMCID: PMC10779398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is an extremely heterogenous chronic respiratory disorder with several distinct endotypes and phenotypes. These subtypes differ not only in the pathophysiological changes and/or clinical features but also in their response to the treatment. Therefore, precise diagnostics represent a fundamental condition for effective therapy. In the diagnostic process, metabolomic approaches have been increasingly used, providing detailed information on the metabolic alterations associated with human asthma. Further information is brought by metabolomic analysis of samples obtained from animal models. This article summarizes the current knowledge on metabolomic changes in human and animal studies of asthma and reveals that alterations in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle found in the animal studies resemble, to a large extent, the changes found in human patients with asthma. The findings indicate that, despite the limitations of animal modeling in asthma, pre-clinical testing and metabolomic analysis of animal samples may, together with metabolomic analysis of human samples, contribute to a novel way of personalized treatment of asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Barosova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Juliana Hanusrichterova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
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11
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Kim J, Ham J, Kang HR, Bae YS, Kim T, Kim HY. JAK3 inhibitor suppresses multipotent ILC2s and attenuates steroid-resistant asthma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3770. [PMID: 38117887 PMCID: PMC10732531 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are the standard treatment for allergic airway inflammation in asthma, but steroid-refractory asthma poses a challenge. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), such as T helper 2 (TH2) cells, produce key asthma-related type 2 cytokines. Recent insights from mouse and human studies indicate a potential connection between ILC2s and steroid-resistant asthma. Here, we highlight that lung ILC2s, rather than TH2 cells, can develop steroid resistance, allowing them to persist and maintain their disease-driving activity even during steroid treatment. The emergence of multipotent IL-5+IL-13+IL-17A+ ILC2s is associated with steroid-resistant ILC2s. The Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, 5, and 6 pathways contribute to the acquisition of steroid-resistant ILC2s. The JAK3 inhibitor reduces ILC2 survival, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro and ameliorates ILC2-driven Alternaria-induced asthma. Furthermore, combining a JAK3 inhibitor with steroids results in the inhibition of steroid-resistant asthma. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for addressing this challenging condition in chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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12
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Dai B, Liu S, Shen W, Chen L, Zhou Q, Han L, Zhang Q, Shan L. Role of SYVN1 in the control of airway remodeling in asthma protection by promoting SIRT2 ubiquitination and degradation. Biol Res 2023; 56:64. [PMID: 38041162 PMCID: PMC10693155 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogenous disease that characterized by airway remodeling. SYVN1 (Synoviolin 1) acts as an E3 ligase to mediate the suppression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through ubiquitination and degradation. However, the role of SYVN1 in the pathogenesis of asthma is unclear. RESULTS In the present study, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model was used to evaluate the effect of SYVN1 on asthma. An increase in SYVN1 expression was observed in the lungs of mice after OVA induction. Overexpression of SYVN1 attenuated airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition induced by OVA. The increased ER stress-related proteins and altered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were also inhibited by SYVN1 in vivo. Next, TGF-β1-induced bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were used to induce EMT process in vitro. Results showed that TGF-β1 stimulation downregulated the expression of SYVN1, and SYVN1 overexpression prevented ER stress response and EMT process in TGF-β1-induced cells. In addition, we identified that SYVN1 bound to SIRT2 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation. SIRT2 overexpression abrogated the protection of SYVN1 on ER stress and EMT in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SYVN1 suppresses ER stress through the ubiquitination and degradation of SIRT2 to block EMT process, thereby protecting against airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wenxin Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qianlan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qinzhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lishen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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13
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Chiarella SE, Cuervo-Pardo L, Coden ME, Jeong BM, Doan TC, Connelly AR, Rodriguez RI, Queener AM, Berdnikovs S. Sex differences in a murine model of asthma are time and tissue compartment dependent. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271281. [PMID: 37819947 PMCID: PMC10566727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CONCLUSION Sexual dimorphism in lung inflammation is both time and tissue compartment dependent. Spatiotemporal variability in sex differences in a murine model of asthma must be accounted for when planning experiments to model the sex bias in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E. Chiarella
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Mackenzie E. Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Jeong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ton C. Doan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Connelly
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Raul I. Rodriguez
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Queener
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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14
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Dezzani EO. Pneumological problems in surgical practice. Minerva Surg 2023; 78:469-480. [PMID: 37870534 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5691.23.10122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
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15
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Ghosh B, Chengala PP, Shah S, Chen D, Karnam V, Wilmsen K, Yeung-Luk B, Sidhaye VK. Cigarette smoke-induced injury induces distinct sex-specific transcriptional signatures in mice tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L467-L476. [PMID: 37605829 PMCID: PMC10639008 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier is crucial for defending against respiratory insults and diseases. Disruption of epithelial integrity contributes to respiratory diseases, and sex-specific differences in susceptibility and severity have been observed. However, sex-specific differences in the context of respiratory diseases are often overlooked, especially in murine models. In this study, we investigated the in vitro transcriptomics of male and female murine tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) in response to chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure using an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) puff regimen. Our findings reveal sex-specific differences in the baseline characteristics of airway epithelial cells. Female mTECs demonstrated stronger barrier function and higher ciliary function compared with males. The barrier function was disrupted in both males and females following chronic CS, but the difference was more significant in females due to their higher baseline. Female mice exhibited transcriptional signatures suggesting dedifferentiation with increased basal cells and markers of cellular senescence. Pathway analysis indicated potential protective roles of planar cell polarity (PCP) in preventing dedifferentiation in male mice exposed to CS. We also observed sex-specific differences in the DNA damage response and antioxidant levels, suggesting distinct mechanisms underlying cellular stress. Understanding these sex-specific mechanisms could facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for lung diseases associated with environmental insults. Recognizing sex-based differences in disease susceptibility and treatment response can lead to personalized care and improved outcomes. Clinical trials should consider sex as a biological variable to develop effective interventions that address the unique differences between men and women in respiratory diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study underscores the importance of considering sex-specific differences in the airway epithelium in respiratory diseases such as COPD. Differences in gene expression between males and females at baseline and in response to chronic injury in the airway epithelium could have implications on disease susceptibility, both in COPD and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies to treat respiratory diseases based on a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Pratulya Pragadaraju Chengala
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sonya Shah
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel Chen
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Karnam
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kai Wilmsen
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bonnie Yeung-Luk
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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16
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Shi N, Zhang J, Chen SY. DOCK2 Promotes Asthma Development by Eliciting Airway Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:310-320. [PMID: 36883952 PMCID: PMC10503310 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0273oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to airway remodeling, a predominant feature of asthma. DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) is an innate immune signaling molecule involved in vascular remodeling. However, it is unknown if DOCK2 plays a role in airway remodeling during asthma development. In this study, we found that DOCK2 is highly induced in both normal human bronchial epithelial cells treated with house dust mite (HDM) extract and human asthmatic airway epithelium. DOCK2 is also upregulated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) during EMT of human bronchial epithelial cells. Importantly, knockdown of DOCK2 inhibits, and overexpression of DOCK2 promotes, TGF-β1-induced EMT. Consistently, DOCK2 deficiency suppresses the EMT of airway epithelium, attenuates the subepithelial fibrosis, and improves pulmonary function in HDM-induced asthmatic lungs. These data suggest that DOCK2 plays an important role in EMT and asthma development. Mechanistically, DOCK2 interacts with transcription factor FoxM1 (forkhead box M1), which enhances FoxM1 binding to mesenchymal marker gene promoters and further promotes mesenchymal marker gene transcription and expression, leading to EMT. Taken together, our study identifies DOCK2 as a novel regulator for airway EMT in an HDM-induced asthma model, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China; and
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- The Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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17
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Lajiness JD, Cook-Mills JM. Catching Our Breath: Updates on the Role of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Asthma. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200296. [PMID: 36755197 PMCID: PMC10293089 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent antigen presenting cells, are known to play a central role in the pathophysiology of asthma. The understanding of DC biology has evolved over the years to include multiple subsets of DCs with distinct functions in the initiation and maintenance of asthma. Furthermore, asthma is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease with potentially diverse underlying mechanisms. The goal of this review is to summarize the role of DCs and the various subsets therein in the pathophysiology of asthma and highlight some of the crucial animal models shaping the field today. Potential future avenues of investigation to address existing gaps in knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn D Lajiness
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1030 West Michigan Street, Suite C 4600, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5201, USA
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pediatric Pulmonary, Asthma, and Allergy Basic Research Program, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-202A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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18
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Goode EJ, Marczylo E. A scoping review: What are the cellular mechanisms that drive the allergic inflammatory response to fungal allergens in the lung epithelium? Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12252. [PMID: 37357550 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease (AAD) is a collective term for respiratory disorders that can be exacerbated upon exposure to airborne allergens. The contribution of fungal allergens to AAD has become well established over recent years. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to better understand the mechanisms involved in the allergic response to fungi in airway epithelia, identify knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research. The search resulted in 61 studies for final analysis. Despite heterogeneity in the models and methods used, we identified major pathways involved in fungal allergy. These included the activation of protease-activated receptor 2, the EGFR pathway, adenosine triphosphate and purinergic receptor-dependent release of IL33, and oxidative stress, which drove mucin expression and goblet cell metaplasia, Th2 cytokine production, reduced barrier integrity, eosinophil recruitment, and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, there were several knowledge gaps and therefore we recommend future research should focus on the use of more physiologically relevant methods to directly compare key allergenic fungal species, clarify specific mechanisms of fungal allergy, and assess the fungal allergy in disease models. This will inform disease management and future interventions, ultimately reducing the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Jane Goode
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, UK
| | - Emma Marczylo
- Toxicology Department, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, UK
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19
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Ruan Y, Yuan PP, Li PY, Chen Y, Fu Y, Gao LY, Wei YX, Zheng YJ, Li SF, Feng WS, Zheng XK. Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction ameliorates asthma in vivo and in vitro from lung to intestine by modifying NO-CO metabolic disorder mediated inflammation, immune imbalance, cellular barrier damage, oxidative stress and intestinal bacterial disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116503. [PMID: 37116727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. Current treatment of mainstream medications has significant side effects. There is growing evidence that the refractoriness of asthma is closely related to common changes in the lung and intestine. The lungs and intestines, as sites of frequent gas exchange in the body, are widely populated with gas signaling molecules NO and CO, which constitute NO-CO metabolism and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma in the lung and intestine. The Chinese herbal formula Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction (TD) is commonly used in clinical practice to treat asthma with good efficacy, but there are few systematic evaluations of the efficacy of asthma on NO-CO metabolism, and the mode of action of its improving effect on the lung and intestine is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of TD on the lung and intestine of asthmatic rats based on NO-CO metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, we established a rat asthma model by intraperitoneal injection of sensitizing solution with OVA atomization, followed by intervention by gavage administration of TD. We simultaneously examined alterations in basal function, pathology, NO-CO metabolism, inflammation and immune cell homeostasis in the lungs and intestines of asthmatic rats, and detected changes in intestinal flora by macrogenome sequencing technology, with a view to multi-angle evaluation of the treatment effects of TD on asthmatic rats. In vitro, lung cells BEAS-2B and intestinal cells NCM-460 were used to establish a model of lung injury causing intestinal injury using LPS and co-culture chambers, and lung cells or intestinal cells TD-containing serum was administered to intervene. Changes in inflammatory, NO-CO metabolism-related, cell barrier-related and oxidative stress indicators were measured in lung cells and intestinal cells to evaluate TD on intestinal injury by way of amelioration and in-depth mechanism. RESULTS In vivo, our results showed significant basal functional impairment in the lung and intestine of asthmatic rats, and an inflammatory response, immune cell imbalance and intestinal flora disturbance elicited by NO-CO metabolic disorders were observed (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The administration of TD was shown to deliver a multidimensional amelioration of the impairment induced by NO-CO metabolic disorders (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In vitro, the results showed that LPS-induced lung cells BEAS-2B injury could cause NO-CO metabolic disorder-induced inflammatory response, cell permeability damage and oxidative stress damage in intestinal cells NCM-460 (P < 0.01). The ameliorative effect on intestinal cells NCM-460 could only be exerted when TD-containing serum interfered with lung cells BEAS-2B (P < 0.01), suggesting that the intestinal ameliorative effect of TD may be exerted indirectly through the lung. CONCLUSION TD can ameliorate NO-CO metabolism in the lung and thus achieve the indirectly amelioration of NO-CO metabolism in the intestine, ultimately achieving co-regulation of lung and intestinal inflammation, immune imbalance, cellular barrier damage, oxidative stress and intestinal bacterial disorders in asthma in vivo and in vitro. Targeting lung and intestinal NO-CO metabolic disorders in asthma may be a new therapeutic idea and strategy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Pei-Pei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Pan-Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Li-Yuan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Ya-Xin Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Ya-Juan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Sai-Fei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R., Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Xiao-Ke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P. R., Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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20
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Hussein NA, Abdel Gawad HS, Maklad HM, El-Fakharany EM, Aly RG, Samy DM. Empagliflozin inhibits autophagy and mitigates airway inflammation and remodelling in mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175701. [PMID: 37044313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporter-2, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in addition to autophagy modulation. Addressing the role of autophagy in allergic asthma revealed controversial results. The potential effect of empagliflozin treatment on airway inflammation and remodelling as well as autophagy modulation in a murine model of allergic asthma was investigated. Over a 7-week period, male BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged by intraperitoneal injection and inhalation of ovalbumin, respectively. Animals were treated with empagliflozin (10 mg/kg; orally) and/or rapamycin (an autophagy inducer; 4 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) before every challenge. Methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was evaluated one day after the last challenge. After euthanasia, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical assessment. Results revealed that empagliflozin decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, serum ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E, and bronchoalveolar lavage total and differential leukocytic counts. Levels of inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-β1) were all inhibited. Moreover, empagliflozin preserved pulmonary microscopic architecture and alleviated bronchiolar epithelial thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, fibrosis and smooth muscle hypertrophy. These effects were associated with inhibition of ovalbumin-activated autophagic flux, as demonstrated by decreased LC3B expression and LC3BII/I ratio, as well as increased P62 expression. However, the therapeutic potential of empagliflozin was inhibited when rapamycin was co-administered. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that empagliflozin has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-remodelling properties in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma and suggests that autophagic flux inhibition may play a role in empagliflozin's anti-asthmatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala S Abdel Gawad
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala M Maklad
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Therapeutic and Protective Protein Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rania G Aly
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Samy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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21
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Woodrow JS, Sheats MK, Cooper B, Bayless R. Asthma: The Use of Animal Models and Their Translational Utility. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071091. [PMID: 37048164 PMCID: PMC10093022 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic lower airway inflammation that results in airway remodeling, which can lead to a permanent decrease in lung function. The pathophysiology driving the development of asthma is complex and heterogenous. Animal models have been and continue to be essential for the discovery of molecular pathways driving the pathophysiology of asthma and novel therapeutic approaches. Animal models of asthma may be induced or naturally occurring. Species used to study asthma include mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, dog, sheep, horse, and nonhuman primate. Some of the aspects to consider when evaluating any of these asthma models are cost, labor, reagent availability, regulatory burden, relevance to natural disease in humans, type of lower airway inflammation, biological samples available for testing, and ultimately whether the model can answer the research question(s). This review aims to discuss the animal models most available for asthma investigation, with an emphasis on describing the inciting antigen/allergen, inflammatory response induced, and its translation to human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seymour Woodrow
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Bethanie Cooper
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rosemary Bayless
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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22
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Takeda Y, Takahashi M, Fuchikami JI, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Effect of roflumilast on airway remodeling in asthmatic mice exposed to or not exposed to cigarette smoke: Comparison with the effect of dexamethasone. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 79:102198. [PMID: 36690319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking constitutes a risk factor for severe asthma, which is frequently linked to remodeling of the airways. Appropriate drug treatment for smokers with asthma is uncertain because many smokers with asthma are less sensitive to glucocorticoid treatment than non-smokers with asthma. The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-airway remodeling effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and roflumilast (Rof), a selective phosphodiesterases-4 inhibitor, in smoking and non-smoking mice with asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with OVA for two weeks, either with or without concurrent exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). Dex (1 mg/kg body weight), Rof (5 mg/kg body weight), or vehicle alone was given orally to the mice once daily. To assess the histopathological effects of airway remodeling, lung tissue sections were obtained. Repeated OVA challenges resulted in fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, and thickening of the airway but not the smooth muscle layer. The presence of CS did not have an impact on the degree of airway remodeling brought on by repeated OVA challenges. In mice repeatedly exposed to OVA either with or without CS, Dex treatment reduced the remodeling alterations. In these mice group, the Rof Treatment had a less significant impact than the Dex treatment. Dex was still more effective than Rof at reducing airway remodeling in asthmatic smoking mice. According to the current study's findings, Dex effectively prevented airway remodeling in a two-week asthma model in mice exposed to CS or not. In contrast, we found that Rof had little to no inhibitory effect of Rof on the airway in our mouse model of asthma, whether or not it had been exposed to CS. We were unable to find solid proof to support CS-induced steroid resistance to treat airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Maki Takahashi
- CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Bioresearch Center, 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-0044, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Fuchikami
- CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Bioresearch Center, 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-0044, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
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23
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Marshall LJ, Bailey J, Cassotta M, Herrmann K, Pistollato F. Poor Translatability of Biomedical Research Using Animals - A Narrative Review. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:102-135. [PMID: 36883244 DOI: 10.1177/02611929231157756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The failure rate for the translation of drugs from animal testing to human treatments remains at over 92%, where it has been for the past few decades. The majority of these failures are due to unexpected toxicity - that is, safety issues revealed in human trials that were not apparent in animal tests - or lack of efficacy. However, the use of more innovative tools, such as organs-on-chips, in the preclinical pipeline for drug testing, has revealed that these tools are more able to predict unexpected safety events prior to clinical trials and so can be used for this, as well as for efficacy testing. Here, we review several disease areas, and consider how the use of animal models has failed to offer effective new treatments. We also make some suggestions as to how the more human-relevant new approach methodologies might be applied to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Marshall
- Animal Research Issues, 94219The Humane Society of the United States, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jarrod Bailey
- 380235Cruelty Free International, London, UK; 542332Animal Free Research UK, London, UK
| | | | - Kathrin Herrmann
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 457389Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Baltimore, MD, USA; Senate Department for the Environment, Urban Mobility, Consumer Protection and Climate Action, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Tatler AL, Philp CJ, Hill MR, Cox S, Bullock AM, Habgood A, John A, Middlewick R, Stephenson KE, Goodwin AT, Billington CK, O'Dea RD, Johnson SR, Brook BS. Differential remodeling in small and large murine airways revealed by novel whole lung airway analysis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L271-L284. [PMID: 36594851 PMCID: PMC9970660 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00034.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling occurs in chronic asthma leading to increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Although extensively studied in murine airways, studies report only selected larger airways at one time-point meaning the spatial distribution and resolution of remodeling are poorly understood. Here we use a new method allowing comprehensive assessment of the spatial and temporal changes in ASM, ECM, and epithelium in large numbers of murine airways after allergen challenge. Using image processing to analyze 20-50 airways per mouse from a whole lung section revealed increases in ASM and ECM after allergen challenge were greater in small and large rather than intermediate airways. ASM predominantly accumulated adjacent to the basement membrane, whereas ECM was distributed across the airway wall. Epithelial hyperplasia was most marked in small and intermediate airways. After challenge, ASM changes resolved over 7 days, whereas ECM and epithelial changes persisted. The new method suggests large and small airways remodel differently, and the long-term consequences of airway inflammation may depend more on ECM and epithelial changes than ASM. The improved quantity and quality of unbiased data provided by the method reveals important spatial differences in remodeling and could set new analysis standards for murine asthma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Philp
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Hill
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Cox
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Bullock
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alison John
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Middlewick
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E Stephenson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda T Goodwin
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhou Y, Duan Q, Yang D. In vitro human cell-based models to study airway remodeling in asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114218. [PMID: 36638596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling, as a predominant characteristic of asthma, refers to the structural changes that occurred both in the large and small airways. These pathological changes not only contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction, but also predict poor outcomes of patients. In vitro models are the alternatives to animal models that facilitate airway remodeling research. Current approaches to mimic airway remodeling in vitro include mono cultures of cell lines and primary cells that are derived from the respiratory tract, and co-culture systems that consist of different cell subpopulations. Moreover, recent advances in microfluid chips and organoids show promise in simulating the complex architecture and functionality of native organs. According, they enable highly physiological-relevant investigations of human diseases in vitro. Here we aim to detail the current human cell-based models regarding their key pros and cons, and to discuss how they may be used to facilitate our understanding of airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qirui Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, China.
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26
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Makled MN, El-Sheakh AR. Fingolimod attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation via inhibiting MAPK/ERK signaling in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23266. [PMID: 36468814 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fingolimod against Ovalbumin (Ova)-induced allergic airway inflammation compared to dexamethasone. Fingolimod was given (0.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for sensitized mice 1 h before Ova challenge from Days 19 to 24. Fingolimod significantly inhibited Ova-induced elevation of inflammatory cells and eosinophils numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and reduced concentrations of immunoglobulin E in serum and of sphingosine-1-phosphate, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 in BALF. Fingolimod inhibited microvascular leakage and edema as reflected by the decreased lung/body weight index. These findings were supported by histopathological examination results showing that fingolimod substantially decreased perivascular edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. Fingolimod also attenuated Ova-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde concentration along with increasing concentrations of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in lung tissues. Fingolimod also significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), p-ERK, and p-P38 in lung tissues of Ova-challenged mice. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fingolimod in allergic airway inflammation that might be associated with the downregulation of mitogen activated kinases signaling to decrease T helper 2 cytokine secretion (IL-4 and IL-13) and MCP-1 expression, along with the inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhan N Makled
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Future Studies and Risks Management & National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research, Ministry of Higher Education, ElSayeda Zeinab, Egypt
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27
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Liu Y, Li P, Jiang T, Li Y, Wang Y, Cheng Z. Epidermal growth factor receptor in asthma: A promising therapeutic target? Respir Med 2023; 207:107117. [PMID: 36626942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although decades of intensive research have focused on the role of EGFR in asthma, the specific mechanisms and pathways of EGFR signaling remain unclear. Various reports have indicated that inhibition of EGFR improves the pathological features in asthma models. However, extending these experimental findings to clinical applications is difficult. Several measures can be adopted to promote clinical application of EGFR inhibitors. This review focuses on the role of EGFR in the pathogenesis of asthma and the development of a potentially novel therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Tianci Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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28
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Salyha N, Oliynyk I. Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13238. [PMID: 36718422 PMCID: PMC9877323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number of diseases, including the most recent one facing the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypoxia is divided into short-term, long-term, and periodic, it can be the result of diseases, climate change, or living and traveling in the high mountain regions of the world. Since each type of hypoxia can be a cause and a consequence of various physiological changes, the methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There are many techniques for modeling hypoxia under experimental conditions. The most common animal for modeling hypoxia is a rat. Hypoxia models (hypoxia simulations) in rats are a tool to study the effect of various conditions on the oxygen supply of the body. These models can provide a necessary information to understand hypoxia and also provide effective treatment, highlighting the importance of various reactions of the body to hypoxia. The main parameters when choosing a model should be reproducibility and the goal that the scientist wants to achieve. Hypoxia in rats can be reproduced both ways exogenously and endogenously. The reason for writing this review was the aim to systematize the models of rats available in the literature in order to facilitate their selection by scientists. The relative strengths and limitations of each model need to be identified and understood in order to evaluate the information obtained from these models and extrapolate these results to humans to develop the necessary generalizations. Despite these problems, animal models have been and remain vital to understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hypoxia. The eligibility criteria for the selected studies was a comprehensive review of the methods and results obtained from the studies. This made it possible to make generalizations and give recommendations on the application of these methods. The review will assist scientists in choosing an appropriate hypoxia simulation method, as well as assist in interpreting the results obtained with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Salyha
- Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine,Corresponding author
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29
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Ralchev NR, Kerekov N, Mihaylova N, Kremlitzka M, Hristova D, Dzhorev J, Erdei A, Tchorbanov AI. Targeted suppression of Dpt-specific B cells in humanized Rag2- γc- mouse model of HDM allergy. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13241. [PMID: 36519562 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Der p 1 is one of the major allergenic molecules of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, causing house dust mite (HDM) allergy. The pathological B cells produce allergen-specific IgE antibodies that mediate the hypersensitivity reaction, therefore the selective elimination of these B cells is a legitimate therapeutic goal in allergy. Chimeric molecule Dp51-72 able to cross-link B cell inhibitory complement receptor type 1 and BCR on Der p 1-specific B cells was constructed. The signalling capabilities of this molecule have been tested on human B cells. A humanized mouse model of HDM allergy has been used to test the in vivo effects of the chimeric molecule administration. Administering the chimeric molecule to immunodeficient Rag2- γc- mice transferred with PBMCs from allergic patients resulted in reduction of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the sera, and reduced infiltration of immune cells in lung histology preparations. Reduced numbers of human CD45+ and CD4+ cells in the lungs as well as inhibition of mast cell degranulation were also observed. The treatment with Dp51-72 chimera significantly decreased the local levels of anti-Dpt IgE antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The binding of the chimeric molecule to tonsillar B cells triggers the tyrosine phosphorylation of 30-32 kDa protein, which is most likely involved in the inhibitory process. Administration of constructed chimeric molecules to humanized mice with developed inflammation resulted in specific suppression of disease-associated IgE antibody-producing cells and preserved lung histology. This effective approach could be further developed into a therapeutic agent for treatment of patients with HDM allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ralchev Ralchev
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Kerekov
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mariann Kremlitzka
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Hristova
- Allergology Clinic, Alexander's University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Anna Erdei
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrey Ivanov Tchorbanov
- The Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,National Institute of Immunology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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30
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Kole E, Jadhav K, Sirsath N, Dudhe P, Verma RK, Chatterjee A, Naik J. Nanotherapeutics for pulmonary drug delivery: An emerging approach to overcome respiratory diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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31
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Iswanti FC, Putri QH, Prijanti AR, Djauzi S, Sadikin M, Witarto AB, Yamazaki T. The Use of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Delivery of CpG ODN in Treatment of Allergic Balb/C Mice. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 11:599-613. [PMID: 37131904 PMCID: PMC10149129 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.4.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aims to prepare high stability chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) and examine the ability of CNP in CpG-ODN delivery when treating allergic mice model. Methods Preparation and characterization of CNP were performed by ionic gelation, dynamic light scattering, and zeta sizer. The CNP cytotoxicity and activation ability of CpG ODN delivered with CNP were tested using a cell counting kit-8 and Quanti blue method. Allergic mice were injected intraperitoneal with 10 ug ovalbumin on day 0 and 7, and then treated with intranasal CpG ODN/CpG ODN, delivered with CNP/CNP, on the third week three times per week for three weeks. The ELISA method measured cytokine and IgE profiles in the allergic mice's plasma and spleen. Results CNP results have sizes 27.73 nm±3.67 dan 188.23 nm±53.47, spherical in shape and non-toxic, and did not alter the NF-κB activation of CpG ODN in RAW-blue cells. The application of CpG ODN delivered by chitosan nanoparticles shows no statistical difference between groups of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-13 in Balb/c mice's plasma and spleen, in contrast with IgE level. Conclusions The results showed that using chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system for CpG ODN has the potency to safely CpG ODN efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febriana Catur Iswanti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
- Corresponding author: Febriana Catur Iswanti; Tel: +98 9381267697; E-mail:
| | - Qarina Hasyala Putri
- Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Ani Retno Prijanti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Samsuridjal Djauzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Mohamad Sadikin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
| | - Arief Budi Witarto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia.
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan.
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Dehnavi S, Khodadadi A, Asadirad A, Ghadiri A. Loading Ovalbumin into Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Nanoscale Carrier with Immunomodulatory Potential for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 11:626-634. [PMID: 37131891 PMCID: PMC10149120 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.4.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles widely used as drug delivery systems. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have shown immunomodulatory potential. This study optimized loading OVA into the mice adipose tissue-derived MSC-isolated exosomes to prepare the OVA-MSC-exosome complex for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Methods MSCs were harvested from mice adipose tissue and characterized by flow cytometry and evaluating differentiation potential. The exosomes were isolated and characterized via Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and flow cytometry. Different concentrations of ovalbumin were incubated with MSC-exosome in various durations to optimize a more suitable protocol. BCA and HPLC analysis were used to quantify, and DLS was applied to qualify the prepared formulation of the OVA-exosome complex. Results The harvested MSCs and isolated exosomes were characterized. Analysis of the OVA-exosome complex revealed that OVA in primary 500 μg/ml concentration and incubation for 6 h results in higher efficacy. Conclusions Loading OVA into MSC-derived exosomes was successfully optimized and could be administrated for allergen-specific immunotherapy in the animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Khodadadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Cancer, Petroleum, and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Cancer, Petroleum, and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Corresponding author: Ata Ghadiri; Tel: +98 916171534; E-mail:
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Borghi SM, Zaninelli TH, Carra JB, Heintz OK, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Vicentini FTMC, Verri WA, Casagrande R. Therapeutic Potential of Controlled Delivery Systems in Asthma: Preclinical Development of Flavonoid-Based Treatments. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010001. [PMID: 36678631 PMCID: PMC9865502 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence and incidence, manifested by allergic inflammatory reactions, and is life-threatening for patients with severe disease. Repetitive challenges with the allergens and limitation of treatment efficacy greatly dampens successful management of asthma. The adverse events related to several drugs currently used, such as corticosteroids and β-agonists, and the low rigorous adherence to preconized protocols likely compromises a more assertive therapy. Flavonoids represent a class of natural compounds with extraordinary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with their potential benefits already demonstrated for several diseases, including asthma. Advanced technology has been used in the pharmaceutical field to improve the efficacy and safety of drugs. Notably, there is also an increasing interest for the application of these techniques using natural products as active molecules. Flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and chalcones are examples of flavonoid compounds that were tested in controlled delivery systems for asthma treatment, and which achieved better treatment results in comparison to their free forms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of novel controlled delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic potential of flavonoids as active molecules for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. Borghi
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina 86041-120, PR, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Jéssica B. Carra
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Olivia K. Heintz
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcela M. Baracat
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86038-440, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra R. Georgetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86038-440, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiana T. M. C. Vicentini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (W.A.V.); or (R.C.); Tel.: +55-43-3371-4979 (W.A.V.); +55-43-3371-2476 (R.C.); Fax: +55-43-3371-4387 (W.A.V.)
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86038-440, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (W.A.V.); or (R.C.); Tel.: +55-43-3371-4979 (W.A.V.); +55-43-3371-2476 (R.C.); Fax: +55-43-3371-4387 (W.A.V.)
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Mostafa DHD, Hemshekhar M, Piyadasa H, Altieri A, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD, Mookherjee N. Characterization of sex-related differences in allergen house dust mite-challenged airway inflammation, in two different strains of mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20837. [PMID: 36460835 PMCID: PMC9718733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sex impacts disease prevalence, severity and response to therapy in asthma, however preclinical studies often use only one sex in murine models. Here, we detail sex-related differences in immune responses using a house dust mite (HDM)-challenge model of acute airway inflammation, in adult mice of two different strains (BALB/c and C57BL/6NJ). Female and male mice were challenged (intranasally) with HDM extract (~ 25 μg) for 2 weeks (N = 10 per group). Increase in serum HDM-specific IgE showed a female bias, which was statistically significant in BALB/c mice. We compared naïve and HDM-challenged mice to define immune responses in the lungs by assessing leukocyte accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and profiling the abundance of 29 different cytokines in BALF and lung tissue lysates. Our results demonstrate specific sex-related and strain-dependent differences in airway inflammation. For example, HDM-driven accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages were significantly higher in females compared to males, in BALB/c mice. In contrast, HDM-mediated eosinophil accumulation was higher in males compared to females, in C57BL/6NJ mice. Differences in lung cytokine profiles indicated that HDM drives a T-helper (Th)17-biased response with higher IL-17 levels in female BALB/c mice compared to males, whereas female C57BL/6NJ mice elicit a mixed Th1/Th2-skewed response. Male mice of both strains showed higher levels of specific Th2-skewed cytokines, such as IL-21, IL-25 and IL-9, in response to HDM. Overall, this study details sex dimorphism in HDM-mediated airway inflammation in mice, which will be a valuable resource for preclinical studies in allergic airway inflammation and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina H. D. Mostafa
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Mahadevappa Hemshekhar
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Hadeesha Piyadasa
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Anthony Altieri
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Christopher D. Pascoe
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Neeloffer Mookherjee
- grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada ,grid.21613.370000 0004 1936 9609Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada ,grid.460198.20000 0004 4685 0561Biology of Breathing Group, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
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Trivedi S, Labuz D, Deering-Rice CE, Kim CU, Christensen H, Aamodt S, Huecksteadt T, Sanders K, Warren KJ. IL-33 induces NF-κB activation in ILC2 that can be suppressed by in vivo and ex vivo 17β-estradiol. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:1062412. [PMID: 36506643 PMCID: PMC9732027 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.1062412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatic women tend to develop severe airway disease in their reproductive years, and 30%-40% of asthmatic women have peri-menstrual worsening of asthma symptoms. This indicates that fluctuations in ovarian hormones are involved in advancement of asthmatic disease and exacerbation of symptoms. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, or ILC2, are readily detected in allergic conditions, such as rhinosinusitis, in individuals that develop nasal polyps do to allergen exposures, and in allergic asthma. ILC2 are airway localized immune cells activated by IL-33, an innate cytokine that perpetuates allergic inflammation by driving the production of IL-5 and IL-13. We have previously shown that ILC2 are highly activated in naïve and ovalbumin (OVA) challenged, female BALB/c mice in comparison to male mice following stimulation with IL-33. Here, we investigated the effect of steady-state ovarian hormones on ILC2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway following OVA sensitization and challenge. We found that estrogen-treated ovariectomized mice (OVX-E2) that had been challenged with OVA had reduced IL-5 and IL-13 production by lung ILC2 as compared to lung ILC2 isolated from intact male and female sham-operated controls that had been treated with OVA. ILC2 were isolated from untreated animals and co-cultured ex vivo with and without estrogen plus IL-33. Those estrogen-treated ILC2 similarly produced less IL-5 and IL-13 in comparison to untreated, and had reduced NF-κB activation. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that 120 genes were differentially expressed in male and female ILC2, and Nfkb1 was found among top-ranked regulatory interactions. Together, these results provide new insight into the suppressive effect of estrogen on ILC2 which may be protective in female asthmatics. Understanding further how estrogen modulates ILC2 may provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Daniel Labuz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Chu Un Kim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hayden Christensen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sam Aamodt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tom Huecksteadt
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Karl Sanders
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kristi J. Warren
- George E Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Sage SE, Nicholson P, Leeb T, Gerber V, Jagannathan V. Long-Read Transcriptome of Equine Bronchoalveolar Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101722. [PMID: 36292607 PMCID: PMC9602388 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used Pacific Biosciences long-read isoform sequencing to generate full-length transcript sequences in equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. Our dataset consisted of 313,563 HiFi reads comprising 805 Mb of polished sequence information. The resulting equine BALF transcriptome consisted of 14,234 full-length transcript isoforms originating from 7017 unique genes. These genes consisted of 6880 previously annotated genes and 137 novel genes. We identified 3428 novel transcripts in addition to 10,806 previously known transcripts. These included transcripts absent from existing genome annotations, transcripts mapping to putative novel (unannotated) genes and fusion transcripts incorporating exons from multiple genes. We provide transcript-level data for equine BALF cells as a resource to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Elena Sage
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Next Generation Sequencing Platform, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Gribaldo L, Dura A. EURL ECVAM Literature Review Series on Advanced Non-Animal Models for Respiratory Diseases, Breast Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172180. [PMID: 36077900 PMCID: PMC9454965 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo models are used in biomedical research to reproduce human disease and develop new drugs. However, they do not mimic the disease as it occurs in humans, and their use has failed to identify novel therapies effective for many highly prevalent non-communicable diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Indeed, the clinical failure rate in drug development remains very high, with an overall likelihood of approval from Phase I of about 9.6%. On the other hand, human-based models, advanced imaging techniques and human epidemiological studies may increase our understanding of disease aetiology and pathogenesis and enable the advance of safe and effective therapies. Particularly when human tissues are used, they may produce faster, cheaper results, more predictive for humans, whilst yielding greater comprehensions of human biochemical processes. A first effort to collect existing knowledge about non-animal models of highly prevalent human diseases was made by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. The final aim was to identify and share information on the capabilities and limits of human-based models at different levels: scientific communities, universities and secondary schools, national committees for animal welfare and the public at large.
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Zhou L, Liu J, Wang L, He Y, Zhang J. Carbocistein improves airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5583-5590. [PMID: 36105069 PMCID: PMC9452364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alleviating effects of carbocisteine (S-carboxymethylcysteine, SCMC) have been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, very little is known about its mechanisms in asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SCMC on airway remodeling in asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin (OVA). METHODS The asthma mouse model was generated by OVA sensitization and stimulation and subsequently intervened by SCMC or dexamethasone. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected from each group of mice. The TGF-β1 levels in BALF were measured by ELISA. Masson's staining was used to detect collagen fiber deposition in mouse airway tissues, while immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were conducted to examine the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in mouse lung airway tissues, respectively. The correlation between TGF-β1 mRNA expression and the area of collagen fiber deposition in airway tissues was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The area of collagen fiber deposition in the airway tissues of asthmatic mice was significantly increased, while SCMC alleviated the collagen fiber deposition in the airway tissues. TGF-β1 expression was significantly elevated in BALF and airway tissues of asthmatic mice, while SCMC inhibited TGF-β1 expression. TGF-β1 expression was significantly and positively correlated with collagen fiber deposition in mouse airway tissues. CONCLUSIONS SCMC intervention improves collagen fiber deposition in airway tissues and inhibits TGF-β1 expression in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jibing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000, Guizhou, P. R. China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of ZhongjiangDeyang 618100, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi 563000, Guizhou, P. R. China
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Lim JO, Kim YH, Lee IS, Kim WI, Lee SJ, Pak SW, Shin IS, Kim T. Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl Alleviates Allergic Responses in Asthmatic Mice via Suppression of MAPKs and MMP-9. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906916. [PMID: 36034804 PMCID: PMC9405665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma is gradually increasing, and endangers human health. Many therapeutic agents have been developed to address this concern. Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl is a traditional herbal remedy in China, Japan, and Korea and used mainly to control common cold, cough, pneumonitis and fever in Donguibogam, a medical encyclopedia of Korea. Therefore, we investigated whether C. cassia (L.) J.Presl extract (CCE) confers protective effects on asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). The animals were received intraperitoneal administration of OVA on day 1 and 14, and then subjected to OVA inhalation from day 21–23. They were orally treated CCE (30 and 100 mg/kg) from day 18–23. CCE administration decreased allergic responses, including airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, inflammatory cytokine production, and immunoglobulin E in OVA-exposed mice, along with the decline in inflammatory cell count and mucus secretion in respiratory tract. Additionally, CCE suppressed MAPK phosphorylation and MMP-9 expression in OVA-exposed mice. Overall, CCE treatment attenuated allergic responses induced by OVA exposure, which may be connected to the suppression of MAPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Oh Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ik Soo Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Sik Shin, ; Taesoo Kim,
| | - Taesoo Kim
- R&D Strategy Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: In-Sik Shin, ; Taesoo Kim,
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Xie C, Gul A, Yu H, Huang X, Deng L, Pan Y, Ni S, Nurahmat M, Abduwaki M, Luo Q, Dong J. Integrated systems pharmacology and transcriptomics to dissect the mechanisms of Loki Zupa decoction in the treatment of murine allergic asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115351. [PMID: 35533913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Loki zupa (LKZP) decoction, a traditional Uyghur medicine prescription, has been commonly used to treat numerous respiratory ailments in the Xinjiang region of western China, especially chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. Due to its complex chemical composition, however, the mechanism of action of LKZP has yet to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY Based on the balanced regulation theory of pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation, we tried to investigate the effectiveness of LKZP on asthma and its related protective mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, an experimental model of asthma was established using ovalbumin (OVA) in BALB/c mice to assess the effects of LKZP. The potential mechanism of LKZP anti allergic asthma were researched by the combination of in silico systems pharmacology and in vivo transcriptomics. RESULTS Our data revealed that LKZP exerted a therapeutic effect against OVA-induced asthma by reducing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), peribronchial inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. Meanwhile, LKZP downregulated the expression of OVA-induced IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and concurrently promoted the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Systems pharmacology analysis identified 10 core bioactive ingredients and 26 hub targets of LKZP against asthma. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed 246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after LKZP treatment. These were mainly expressed in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and immune and inflammatory response-related signaling pathways. Additionally, the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) results for the nine selected DEGs matched those of the RNA-seq analysis. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathways were identified as candidate targets involved in the action of LKZP on allergic asthma, which was highly consistent with the findings in silico. By qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis, it was verified that LKZP treatment dramatically inhibited the activation of NF-κB p65 and HIF-1α stimulated by OVA in asthmatic mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our experimental data revealed that LKZP could be a candidate for the treatment of allergic asthma via NF-κB and HIF-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xie
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aman Gul
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lingling Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Ni
- Sinopharm Xinjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Mammat Nurahmat
- College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan, Xinjiang, China.
| | | | - Qingli Luo
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu SH, Kazemi S, Karrer G, Bellaire A, Weckwerth W, Damkjaer J, Hoffmann O, Epstein MM. Influence of the environment on ragweed pollen and their sensitizing capacity in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:854038. [PMID: 35991309 PMCID: PMC9390857 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.854038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive plant with allergenic pollen. Due to environmental changes, ragweed pollen (RWP) airborne concentrations are predicted to quadruple in Europe by 2050 and more than double allergic sensitization of Europeans by 2060. We developed an experimental RWP model of allergy in BALB/c mice to evaluate how the number of RWP and how RWP collected from different geographical environments influence disease. We administered RWP six times over 3 weeks intranasally to the mice and then evaluated disease parameters 72 h later or allowed the mice to recover for at least 90 days before rechallenging them with RWP to elicit a disease relapse. Doses over 300 pollen grains induced lung eosinophilia. Higher doses of 3,000 and 30,000 pollen grains increased both eosinophils and neutrophils and induced disease relapses. RWP harvested from diverse geographical regions induced a spectrum of allergic lung disease from mild inflammation to moderate eosinophilic and severe mixed eosinophilic-neutrophilic lung infiltrates. After a recovery period, mice rechallenged with pollen developed a robust disease relapse. We found no correlation between Amb a 1 content, the major immunodominant allergen, endotoxin content, or RWP structure with disease severity. These results demonstrate that there is an environmental impact on RWP with clinical consequences that may underlie the increasing sensitization rates and the severity of pollen-induced disease exacerbation in patients. The multitude of diverse environmental factors governing distinctive patterns of disease induced by RWP remains unclear. Further studies are necessary to elucidate how the environment influences the complex interaction between RWP and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sahar Kazemi
- Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Karrer
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Bellaire
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Oskar Hoffmann
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle M. Epstein
- Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Michelle M. Epstein
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Zhao D, Li D, Cheng X, Zou Z, Chen X, He C. Mucoadhesive, Antibacterial, and Reductive Nanogels as a Mucolytic Agent for Efficient Nebulized Therapy to Combat Allergic Asthma. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11161-11173. [PMID: 35762830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an intractable disease involving the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucus plugging. Despite small molecular mucolytics having the ability to break the disulfide bonds of mucins, offering a potential way to overcome the airflow obstruction and airway infection, these mucolytics have limited therapeutic effects in vivo. Therefore, in this work, arginine-grafted chitosan (CS-Arg) is ionically cross-linked with tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to obtain nanogels as a mucolytic agent. The positively charged nanogels effectively inhibit the formation of large aggregates of mucin in vitro, probably thanks to the formation of an ionic interaction between CS-Arg and mucin, as well as the breakage of disulfide bonds in mucin by the reductive TCEP. Moreover, the nanogels show good cytocompatibility at concentrations up to 5 mg mL-1, exhibiting effective inhibitory effects against the proliferation of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 5 mg mL-1. After the administration of the nanogels by nebulization into a Balb/c mouse model with allergic asthma, they can efficiently reduce the mucus obstruction in bronchioles and alveoli and relieve airway inflammation. Therefore, these CS-Arg/TCEP nanogels potentially represent a promising mucolytic agent for the efficient treatment of allergic asthma and other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130014, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chaoliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Macedo GE, Vieira PDB, Rodrigues NR, Gomes KK, Rodrigues JF, Franco JL, Posser T. Effect of fungal indoor air pollutant 1-octen-3-ol on levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as well as dehydrogenases activities in drosophila melanogaster males. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:573-585. [PMID: 35354383 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2054887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pollution of indoor environments contributes to several allergic symptoms and represents a public health problem. It is well-established that 1-octen-3-ol, also known as mushroom alcohol, is a fungal volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly found in damp indoor spaces and responsible for the typical musty odor. Previously it was reported that exposure to 1-octen-3-ol induced inflammations and disrupted mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic rate in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of 1-octen-3-ol on dehydrogenase activity, apoptotic biomarkers, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as antioxidant enzymes activities. D. melanogaster flies were exposed to an atmosphere containing 1-octen-3-ol (2.5 or ∞l/L) for 24 hr. Data demonstrated that 1-octen-3-ol decreased dehydrogenases activity and NO levels but increased ROS levels accompanied by stimulation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities without altering caspase 3/7 activation. These findings indicate that adverse mitochondrial activity effects following exposure of D. melanogaster to 1-octen-3-ol, a fungal VOC, may be attributed to oxidant stress. The underlying mechanisms involved in adverse consequences of indoor fungal exposure appear to be related to necrotic but not apoptotic mechanisms. The adverse consequences were sex-dependent with males displaying higher sensitivity to 1-octen-3-ol. Based upon on the fact that the fly genome shares nearly 75% of disease-related genes to human exposure to this fungus may explain the adverse human responses to mold especially for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna Echeverria Macedo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Brum Vieira
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Centro Interdisciplinar em Biotecnologia - CIPBIOTEC, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, Brazil
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Uchida AM, Ro G, Garber JJ, Peterson KA, Round JL. Models and Tools for Investigating Eosinophilic Esophagitis at the Bench. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943518. [PMID: 35874718 PMCID: PMC9296852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly common food allergy disease of the esophagus that received its medical designation code in 2008. Despite this recency, great strides have been made in the understanding of EoE pathophysiology and type 2 immunity through basic and translational scientific investigations conducted at the bench. These advances have been critical to our understanding of disease mechanisms and generating new hypotheses, however, there currently is only one very recently approved FDA-approved therapy for EoE, leaving a great deal to be uncovered for patients with this disease. Here we review some of the innovative methods, models and tools that have contributed to the advances in EoE discovery and suggest future directions of investigation to expand upon this foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiko M. Uchida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Amiko M. Uchida,
| | - Gabrielle Ro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John J. Garber
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Peterson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - June L. Round
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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45
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Langwiński W, Szczepankiewicz D, Narożna B, Stegmayr J, Wagner D, Alsafadi H, Lindstedt S, Stachowiak Z, Nowakowska J, Skrzypski M, Szczepankiewicz A. Allergic inflammation in lungs and nasal epithelium of rat model is regulated by tissue-specific miRNA expression. Mol Immunol 2022; 147:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Wong JTH, Elliot JG, Wang KCW, James AL, Henry PJ, Maloney SK, Noble PB. Does "Skippy" Wheeze? Evidence of Airway Remodeling in the Australian Kangaroo. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:125-127. [PMID: 35776496 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0546le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James T H Wong
- School of Human Sciences at The University of Western Australia Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences at The University of Western Australia Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences at The University of Western Australia Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute at The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School at The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Henry
- School of Biomedical Sciences at The University of Western Australia Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shane K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences at The University of Western Australia Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences at The University of Western Australia Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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47
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Mukherjee P, Roy S, Ghosh D, Nandi SK. Role of animal models in biomedical research: a review. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:18. [PMID: 35778730 PMCID: PMC9247923 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its’ diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its’ ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as challenges, but, present review has emphasized the importance of various small and large animal models in pharmaceutical drug development, transgenic animal models, models for medical device developments, studies for various human diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration model, diabetic and burn wound model as well as surgical models like vascular surgeries and surgeries for intervertebral disc degeneration considering all the ethical issues of that specific animal model. Despite, the process of using the animal model has facilitated researchers to carry out the researches that would have been impossible to accomplish in human considering the ethical prohibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - S Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - S K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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The Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nasturtium officinale Reduces Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an Ovalbumin-Induced Rat Model of Asthma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5319237. [PMID: 35774748 PMCID: PMC9239788 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5319237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Asthma is known as a disease that causes breathing problems in children and adults and is also associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress of the airways. Nasturtium officinale (NO) possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammation and antioxidant potentials. Thus, this study for the first time was aimed to investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of NO extract (NOE) in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. Materials and Methods Forty-four male Wistar rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma symptoms. The animals were allocated into five groups: control (C), asthmatic (A), A + NOE (500 mg/kg), NOE (500 mg/kg), and A + dexamethasone (DX, 2.5 mg/kg). After 7 days, blood and tissue samples were taken from the rats. Then, the level of inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidant enzymes activity were measured. Results The obtained results showed that OVA-sensitive rats significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, TGF-β, and SMA-α compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while treatment with NOE remarkably reduced the SMA-α gene expression compared to the asthma group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it decreased the expression of IL-1B and TNF-α genes, although it was not statistically significant. The level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) significantly reduced in A group compared to the C group (p < 0.05), whereas NOE administration significantly increased this marker (p < 0.05). Moreover, NOE attenuated inflammation and alveolar injury in the lungs of OVA-sensitive rat compared to the nontreated A group. Conclusions Overall, our findings demonstrated that NOE somewhat is able to reduce airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory and increasing GPX activity. Indeed, further experiments investigating the impact of different extract doses are needed to confirm the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of NOE.
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Wen X, Liu HX, Chen LZ, Qu W, Yan HY, Hou LF, Zhao WH, Feng YT, Ping J. Asthma susceptibility in prenatal nicotine-exposed mice attributed to β-catenin increase during CD4 + T cell development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113572. [PMID: 35533447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a common global environmental pollutant. Asthma, the most frequent allergic airway disease, is related to maternal exposure to cigarette smoke. Our previous studies demonstrated that prenatal exposure to nicotine (PNE), the major active product of smoking, impairs fetal thymopoiesis and CD4+ T cell development after birth. This study aimed to investigate whether PNE contributes to asthma susceptibility through CD4+ T cell development alterations. First, A PNE model was established by administering 3 mg/kg/day nicotine to maternal mice, and then an ovalbumin-induced asthma model was established in the offspring. Further, β-catenin and downstream pathways were inhibited in vitro to confirm the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotype observed during the in vivo phase. The results showed that PNE induced Th2 and Th17 biases at developmental checkpoints and aggravated asthma symptoms in the offspring. In fetuses, PNE up-regulated α7 nAChR, activated PI3K-AKT, promoted β-catenin level increase, and established potential Th2- and Th17-biased gene expression patterns during thymopoiesis, which persisted after birth. Similar results were also observed in 1 μM nicotine-treated thymocytes in vitro. Moreover, inhibiting PI3K-AKT by LY294002 abrogated nicotine-mediated β-catenin level increase and thymopoiesis abnormalities, and an α7 nAChR antagonist (α-btx) also reversed nicotine-induced PI3K-AKT activation. Our findings provide strong evidence that PNE is a risk factor for T cell deviation and postnatal asthma, and revealed that nicotine-induced β-catenin level increase induces thymopoiesis abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Han-Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lan-Zhou Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wen Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui-Yi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li-Fang Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi-Ting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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50
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Calzetta L, Pistocchini E, Ritondo BL, Cavalli F, Camardelli F, Rogliani P. Muscarinic receptor antagonists and airway inflammation: A systematic review on pharmacological models. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09760. [PMID: 35785239 PMCID: PMC9240991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Current evidence supports the beneficial impact of muscarinic receptor antagonists against airway inflammation from bench-to-bedside. Considering the numerous sampling approaches and the ethical implications required to study inflammation in vivo in patients, the use of pre-clinical models is inevitable. Starting from our recently published systematic review concerning the impact of muscarinic antagonists, we have systematically assessed the current pharmacological models of airway inflammation and provided an overview on the advances in in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The purpose of in vitro models is to recapitulate selected pathophysiological parameters or processes that are crucial to the development of new drugs within a controlled environment. Nevertheless, immortalized cell lines or primary airway cells present major limitations, including the inability to fully replicate the conditions of the corresponding cell types within a whole organism. Induced animal models are extensively used in research in the attempt to replicate a respiratory condition reflective of a human pathological state, although considering animal models with spontaneously occurring respiratory diseases may be more appropriate since most of the clinical features are accompanied by lung pathology resembling that of the human condition. In recent years, three-dimensional organoids have become an alternative to animal experiments, also because animal models are unable to fully mimic the complexity of human pulmonary diseases. Ex vivo studies performed on human isolated airways have a superior translational value compared to in vitro and animal models, as they retain the morphology and the microenvironment of the lung in vivo. In the foreseeable future, greater effort should be undertaken to rely on more physiologically relevant models, that provide translational value into clinic and have a direct impact on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elena Pistocchini
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Camardelli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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