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Wyatt HE, Sheerin K, Hume PA, Hébert-Losier K. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain when Running During Pregnancy: A Survey of 3102 Women. Sports Med 2024; 54:1955-1964. [PMID: 38319589 PMCID: PMC11258093 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-01994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain while running is a concern to women during pregnancy and can lead to running cessation. To support women who wish to run during pregnancy, it is essential to understand the sites, severities and personal risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal pain when running during pregnancy. METHODS An online survey was completed by women who had a child in the past 5 years and ran prior to and during pregnancy. Pain frequency informed prevalence rates by body site, and logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS A total of 3102 women of 23 ethnicities from 25 countries completed the survey. Women were 22-52 years old when they gave birth and ran 2-129 km/week during the 0.5-35 years before the birth of their youngest child. Women ran significantly less distance and less often during pregnancy than before pregnancy. Most women (86%) experienced pain while running during pregnancy (59% pelvis/sacroiliac joint, 52% lower back, 51% abdomen, 44% breast, 40% hip). The highest prevalence of severe-to-worst pain was at the pelvis/sacroiliac joint (9%). Women at greatest risk of pain while running during pregnancy had a previous injury (OR = 3.44) or were older (OR = 1.04). Women with a previous child were less likely to experience breast pain (OR = 0.76) than those running during their first pregnancy. CONCLUSION Healthcare practices to reduce pain should focus on regions of greatest musculoskeletal change during pregnancy, specifically the pelvis, lower back and abdomen. Efforts to support women to run for longer throughout pregnancy should focus on pain at the pelvis and breasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Wyatt
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kelly Sheerin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patria A Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Mindaroo Tech & Policy Lab, Law School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
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Hendricks M, van de Water ATM, Verhagen E. Health problems among elite Dutch youth long track speed skaters: a one-season prospective study. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:785-791. [PMID: 38777387 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the frequency, type, and severity of health problems in long-track speed skating to inform injury prevention strategies. METHODS We prospectively collected weekly health and sport exposure data on 84 highly trained Dutch athletes aged 15-21 years during the 2019/2020 season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire on Health Problems and the trainers' documentation. We categorised health problems into acute or repetitive mechanisms of injury or illness and calculated incidences (per 1000 sports exposure hours), weekly prevalence and burden (days of time loss per 1000 sports exposure hours) related to the affected body region. RESULTS We registered 283 health problems (187 injuries, 96 illnesses), yielding an average weekly prevalence of health problems of 30.5% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.2%). Incidence rates were 2.0/1000 hours for acute mechanism injuries (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) and 3.2/1000 hours for illnesses (95% CI 2.6 to 3.9). For acute mechanism injuries the head, shoulder and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden of 5.6 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.5), 2.9 (95% CI 2.3 to 3.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively. For repetitive mechanism injuries, the knee, thoracic spine, lower leg and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden, with 11.0 (95% CI 9.8 to 12.2), 6.8 (95% CI 5.9 to 7.7), 3.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.6) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of acute and repetitive mechanism injuries in speed skating. These results can guide future research and priorities for injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hendricks
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander T M van de Water
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- AdPhysio: Research, Training & Consultancy, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Luijten SC, te Loo LM, Nauta J, Janssen TW, Holla JF, Otten RH, Vriend I, Verhagen E. Sports-Related Health Problems in Para-Sports: A Systematic Review With Quality Assessment. Sports Health 2024; 16:551-564. [PMID: 37337621 PMCID: PMC11195855 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231178534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Participation in sports is associated with a risk of sports-related health problems. For athletes with an impairment, sports-related health problems further burden an already restricted lifestyle, underlining the importance of prevention strategies in para-sports. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive overview with quality assessment of the literature on sports-related health problems, their etiology, and available preventive measures in para-sports following the steps of the Sequence of Prevention. DATA SOURCES A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library) was performed up to December 8, 2021, in collaboration with a medical information specialist. STUDY SELECTION The search yielded 3006 articles, of which 64 met all inclusion criteria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review with quality assessment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent researchers carried out the screening process and quality assessment. One researcher extracted data, and the Sequence of Prevention categorized evidence. RESULTS A total of 64 studies were included, of which 61 reported on the magnitude and risk factors of sports-related health problems, while only 3 reported on the effectiveness of preventive measures. Of these, 30 studies were of high quality. Most studies (84%) included elite-level athletes. The reported injury incidence varied widely between sports (0-91 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (1-50 per 1000 athlete days). The same applies to illness incidence with regard to different sports (3-49 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (6-14 per 1000 athlete days). CONCLUSION This review shows the current vast range of reported sport-related health problems in para-sports. There is limited evidence concerning the severity of these sports-related health problems and inconclusive evidence on the risk factors. Lastly, the evidence regarding the development and effectiveness of preventive measures for para-athletes is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske C.M. Luijten
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie M. te Loo
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W.J. Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F.M. Holla
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René H.J. Otten
- Medical Information Specialist, Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
| | - Ingrid Vriend
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Obërtinca R, Meyer T, Aus der Fünten K. Epidemiology of football-related injuries in young male football players. An additional analysis of data from a cluster-randomised controlled trial. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38922821 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2369545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Football carries a high risk of injury for youth players. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of football-related injuries in young male players. The data stems from a previously conducted cluster-randomised controlled trial that investigated the efficacy of 'FUNBALL', a new injury prevention programme. This study contains the data of the 503 players of the control arm. The players belonged to 22 football teams of the Under-(U)15, U17 and U19 age groups. The time-loss injuries were recorded during the season 2021-2022 according to the Football Consensus Statement. An analysis on the injury incidence (IR, calculated per 1000 hours of exposure), location, severity, category, and type was performed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were used to compare the variables between the specific age groups. 187 injuries (96 in training and 91 in matches) occurred during 52 938 hours of exposure. The overall IR was 3.53 injuries/1000 h (95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.06 to 4.07). The training IR was 2.16 injuries/1000 h (95% CI 1.17 to 2.64). The match IR was 10.50 injuries/1000 h (95% CI 8.55 to 12.89). In the U19s, the overall IRR was higher compared to the U17s (IRR 1.57, CI 1.12 to 2.19; p = 0.008) and compared to the U15s (IRR 1.82, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.62; p = 0.001). The thigh was the most commonly affected body region (IR 0.92/1000 h, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.22). Muscle injuries were the most common injury type (IR 1.05/1000 h, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.37). Injury burden was 74 lost days/1000 h. The findings of this study indicate a lower injury incidence in youth players than in adult ones. We observed a higher injury incidence towards the older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilind Obërtinca
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Gjakova "Fehmi Agani", Gjakova, Kosovo
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karen Aus der Fünten
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Bouzigues T, Maurelli O, Imbach F, Prioux J, Candau R. A New Training Load Quantification Method at Supramaximal Intensity and Its Application in Injuries Among Members of an International Volleyball Team. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00460. [PMID: 38917033 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Bouzigues, T, Maurelli, O, Imbach, F, Prioux, J, and Candau, R. A new training load quantification method at supramaximal intensity and its application in injuries among members of an international volleyball team. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The quantification of training loads (TLs) is essential for optimizing jump performance and reducing the occurrence of injuries. This study aimed to (a) propose a new method for quantifying TLs in explosive exercises, (b) determine the nature of the relationship between TLs dynamics and injury occurrence, and (c) assess a TL critical for training schedule purposes, above which the risk of injury occurrence becomes unacceptable. This study was conducted with 11 male volleyball players on a national team during a 5-month international competitive period. The proposed new method for quantifying TLs is based on a weighting factor applied to relative jumping intensities, determined by the number of sustainable jumps and their intensities measured by G-Vert accelerometer. The relationship between TLs dynamics and injury occurrence was assessed using a variable dose-response model. A high coefficient of determination was found between the maximum number of jumps possible and their intensities ( r2 = 0.94 ± 0.14, p < 0.001), indicating a strong physiological relationship between jumping intensities and the constraints imposed. The occurrence of injury was dependent on TLs dynamics for 2 players ( r2 = 0.26 ± 0.01; p < 0.001). The TL critical corresponded to 11 jumps over 80% of maximum jump height during games and approximately 130 jumps at <80% of maximal jump height. The present study proposes a new approach for quantifying supramaximal exercises and provides tools for training schedules and the prevention of volleyball injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Bouzigues
- INRA Center de Montpellier, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Olivier Maurelli
- INRA Center de Montpellier, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
- French Federation of Volleyball, Créteil, France
| | | | - Jacques Prioux
- Movement, Sport and Health Laboratory (EA 1274), UFR APS, University of Rennes 2, Rennes, France
| | - Robin Candau
- INRA Center de Montpellier, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
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Magistrali M, Stefanini L, Abate M, Biancalana G, Stegagno A, Cugia P, Candoli P, Anania G, Lucchese PL, Gaddi D, Volpi P, Mariani F, Boldrini L, Filippi N, Cerrone A, Sirtori C, Battaglino P, Bravin G, Del Fabro E, Berti M, Vecchini E, Minetto MA. Epidemiology of Non-Contact Muscle Injuries in the Italian Male Elite Under-19 Football (Soccer) Championship. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:75. [PMID: 38902551 PMCID: PMC11190129 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While extensive research exists on muscle injuries among adult football players, a notable gap persists in studies concerning younger footballers. The aim of the current study is to provide epidemiological data on the characteristics of time-loss muscle injuries in young football players participating in the Italian Under-19 male elite Championship ("Primavera 1"). RESULTS Conducted as a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study, this research gathered injury data from the 2022-23 season across 14 of the 18 Clubs in the first Italian Under-19 championship. The cohort comprised 391 players with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 18.0 ± 0.4 years. A total of 479 injuries were reported, resulting in 14,231 days of activity lost. Of these, muscle injuries were 209 (44%), accounting for 4,519 (32%) days lost. Overall muscle injuries incidence was 1.82/1000 hours, with a mean injury burden of 39.4 days lost/1000 hours. Almost all muscle injuries (206 out of 209: 98.5%) occurred in hamstrings, quadriceps, adductors, calf and iliopsoas. Hamstrings injuries were the most burdensome (18.8 days lost/1000 hours) accounting for nearly half of all days lost due to muscle injuries. Incidence and burden of adductors injuries (0.25 injuries and 4.1 days lost/1000 hours, respectively) were found to be comparable to calf injuries (0.24 injuries and 4.7 days lost/1000 hours, respectively). Iliopsoas injuries accounted for a noteworthy portion of the total, with an injury incidence of 0.16/1000 hours and a burden of 3.3 days lost/1000 hours. Injuries with myo-tendinous or myo-aponeurotic involvement demonstrated delayed return-to-football compared to those without such involvement (35.6 vs. 18.5 days, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The study highlighted a peculiar distribution of non-contact muscle injuries among elite young football players. While hamstring injuries were confirmed as the most burdensome, incidence and burden of adductors and calf injuries were found to be similar. A significant incidence and burden of iliopsoas injuries were observed. These findings suggest potential implementations for targeted injury prevention strategies in the Italian male elite Under-19 football Championship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego Gaddi
- FC Internazionale Milano SpA, Milano, Italy
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Policlinico San Pietro, Ponte San Pietro, Bergamo, Italy
- Transalpine Center of Pediatric Sports Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza-Brianza, Italy
| | - Piero Volpi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS Rozzano, Milano, Italy
- FC Internazionale Milano SpA, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guido Bravin
- SOC Ortopedia e Traumatologia ASUFC, Udine, Italy
- Udinese Calcio, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Berti
- Department of Knee Surgery, Policlinico Abano Terme, Abano Terme, Italy
- Hellas Verona Calcio, Verona, Italy
| | - Eugenio Vecchini
- Hellas Verona Calcio, Verona, Italy
- Clinica Ortopedica, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Minetto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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7
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Fan Z, Min L, He W, Yang Y, Ma W, Yao J. Efficacy of multicomponent interventions on injury risk among ice and snow sports participants-a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:135. [PMID: 38890690 PMCID: PMC11186188 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ice and snow sports, which are inherently high risk due to their physically demanding nature, pose significant challenges in terms of participant safety. These activities increase the likelihood of injuries, largely due to reduced bodily agility and responsiveness in cold, often unpredictable winter environments. The critical need for effective injury prevention in these sports is emphasized by the considerable impact injuries have on the health of participants, alongside the economic and social costs associated with medical and rehabilitative care. In the context of ice and snow sports environments, applying the E principles of injury prevention to evaluate intervention measures can guide the implementation of future sports safety and other health promotion intervention measures in this field. When well executed, this approach can substantially reduce both the frequency and severity of injuries, thereby significantly enhancing the safety and long-term viability of these challenging sports. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to rigorously assess and statistically substantiate the efficacy of diverse injury prevention strategies in ice and snow sports, aiming to bolster future safety measures with solid empirical evidence. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The overarching aim of this research was to meticulously aggregate and scrutinize a broad spectrum of scholarly literature, focusing on the quantifiable efficacy of diverse, multicomponent intervention strategies in mitigating the incidence of injuries within the realm of ice and snow sports. This endeavour entailed an exhaustive extraction of data from esteemed academic databases, encompassing publications up to September 30, 2023. In pursuit of methodological excellence and analytical rigor, the study employed advanced bias assessment methodologies, notably the AMSTAR 2 and GRADE approaches, alongside sophisticated random-effects statistical modelling. This comprehensive approach was designed to ensure the utmost validity, reliability, and scholarly integrity of the study's findings. RESULTS Fifteen papers, including 9 randomized controlled trials, 3 case‒control studies, and 3 cohort studies with 26,123 participants and 4,382 injuries, were analysed. The findings showed a significant reduction in injury rates through various interventions: overall injury prevention (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.42-0.63), educational training (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.73), educational videos (RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34-0.81), protective equipment (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.87), and policy changes (RR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.16-0.49). Subgroup analysis revealed potential heterogeneity in compliance (p = 0.347). Compared to controls, multicomponent interventions effectively reduced injury rates. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that multicomponent interventions significantly prevent injuries in ice and snow sports. By applying the E principles of injury prevention and constructing a framework for practical injury prevention research in ice and snow sports, we can gradually shift towards a systemic paradigm for a better understanding of the development and prevention of sports injuries. Moreover, sports injury prevention is a complex and dynamic process. Therefore, high-quality experiments in different scenarios are needed in future research to provide more reliable evidence, offer valuable and relevant prevention information for practitioners and participants, and help formulate more effective preventive measures in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjiang Fan
- College of Educational Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
- Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
| | - Lanbin Min
- College of Educational Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Wenbin He
- College of Educational Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Yaorong Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Wen Ma
- College of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Jiayi Yao
- No. 126 Middle School of Urumqi, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830057, China
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Hirata A, Saito Y, Nakamura M, Muramatsu Y, Tabira K, Kikuchi K, Manabe T, Oka K, Sato M, Oguma Y. Epidemiology of adverse events related to sports among community people: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082984. [PMID: 38866565 PMCID: PMC11177675 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the general population have not been adequately reviewed. This study aimed to summarise the previous findings on this topic. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Ichushi-Web for articles in English and Japanese, respectively (13 April 2023). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Articles on adverse events related to sports performed by 'individuals and groups active in the community' were included, whereas those on elite athletes, exercise therapy and rehabilitation, and school sports were excluded. Terms related to physical activity, exercise, sports and adverse events were used for the search strategies. RESULTS The literature search yielded 67 eligible articles. Most articles were from the USA, Japan and Australia. Running, scuba diving, rugby and soccer were the most commonly reported sports. Adults were the most common age category in the samples. The most commonly reported adverse events were injuries; only 10 articles reported diseases. 13 longitudinal studies reported the frequency of adverse events based on the number of events/participants×exposure. CONCLUSION Adverse events such as sports trauma, disability and certain diseases occur sometimes during sporting activities by residents; however, the articles identified in this review showed biases related to the countries and regions where they were published and the sports disciplines and types of adverse events reported, and articles reporting the frequency of adverse events were also limited. This highlights the need for more high-quality observational studies on diverse populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hirata
- Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Faculty of Sport Management, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Physical Education, Health and Sport Studies, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakamura
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Muramatsu
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kento Tabira
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kanako Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Manabe
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sato
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Oguma
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Serner A, Chamari K, Hassanmirzaei B, Moreira F, Bahr R, Massey A, Grimm K, Clarsen B, Tabben M. Time-loss injuries and illnesses at the FIFA world cup Qatar 2022. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38860817 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2357568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyse incidence and characteristics of time-loss injuries and illnesses during the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. Of 838 male football players, 705 consented to participate. Team medical staff reported 82 time-loss injuries, corresponding to an injury event incidence of 5.6 injuries/1000 h of total exposure (95%CI 4.5 to 7.0 injuries/1000 h), with a median of 2 time-loss injury events per team (IQR, 1 to 4.5, range 0-7). The total injury burden was 103 (95% CI 61 to 152) days per 1000 h. Muscle/tendon injuries had the highest incidence of tissue types (48 cases, 3.3/1000 h (95% CI 2.5 to 4.4), and hamstring muscle injuries were the most frequent diagnosis (16 cases, incidence 1.1/1000 h, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.8). Match injury event incidence was 20.6/1000 h (15.0 to 27.7) and training injury event incidence was 2.1/1000 h (1.4 to 3.1). The majority (52%) of sudden-onset injuries were non-contact injuries, 40% direct contact and 8% indirect contact. We recorded 15 time-loss illnesses, corresponding to an illness event incidence of 1.1 per 1000 competition days, (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.8), and illness burden of 2.1 (1.0 to 3.4) days lost per 1000 competition days. The most common illness was respiratory infection (12 cases, 80%). Match injury event incidence was the lowest in any FIFA World Cup since injuries have been monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Serner
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Higher institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Bahar Hassanmirzaei
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francisco Moreira
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Massey
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Grimm
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ben Clarsen
- FIFA Medical, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Montassar Tabben
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
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Sprouse B, Chandran A, Rao N, Boltz AJ, Johnson M, Hennis P, Varley I. Injury and illness surveillance monitoring in team sports: a framework for all. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:23. [PMID: 38858694 PMCID: PMC11163858 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport-related injuries and illnesses can negatively impact athlete welfare at all standards of participation in team sports. Injury and illness surveillance (IIS), and the development of monitoring systems, initiates the sequence of injury and illness prevention. Operational IIS monitoring systems help to appraise epidemiological estimates of injury and illness incidence and burden in various athlete populations. However, the methodological underpinnings of various monitoring systems are not harmonized or widely documented, with the presence of efficient and successful programmes rarely showcased at non-elite levels. The aim is to provide a framework that guides the development of IIS, which will enhance overall surveillance, to indirectly inform injury prevention strategies. METHODS The process involved all members of the research group initially discussing the research gaps, scope of the project, and the aims of the article. Unique experiences were shared, and specific and global challenges and barriers to IIS at all standards of team sport participation were identified. A tiered system of data collection with corresponding content were produced, with experiences and guidance provided throughout the article. RESULTS The literature has been reviewed and using first-hand experience in conducting IIS programmes in complex and diverse sport settings, the authors have identified key enablers and barriers for best practise as time, technological and human resources, reporter/practitioner training, and medical expertise. Areas of greatest importance regarding the conducting of IIS have been outlined, providing guidance and recommendations across all levels of team sport participation. These areas include definitions, data context, collection procedures, handling, security, ethics, storage, dissemination, quality, compliance, and analysis. Given the barriers to IIS, 3-tiered levels of data collection and content have been proposed. The levels indicate data collection variables, with a focus on sufficiency and achievability, aiming to support the successful conducting of IIS in team sports across all standards of participation. Future opportunities in IIS have been discussed, with several predictive measures and analytical techniques expanded upon. CONCLUSIONS The framework provides universal guidance for implementing IIS monitoring systems, facilitating athletes, coaches, parents/guardians, governing bodies and practitioners to implement IIS processes, identify challenges, complete analysis, and interpret outcomes at all standards of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neel Rao
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Ian Varley
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Palau M, Baiget E, Cortés J, Martínez J, Crespo M, Casals M. Retirements of professional tennis players in second- and third-tier tournaments on the ATP and WTA tours. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304638. [PMID: 38829827 PMCID: PMC11146734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The demands of professional tennis, including physical and psychological aspects, contribute to the frequency of retirements at elite levels of the sport. The aim of this study was to analyze epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with retirements in previous ATP and WTA Tour tournaments. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. This study focused on previous ATP and WTA Tour tournaments. The ATP database encompassed 584,806 matches, while the WTA database included 267,380 matches. To assess retirements, potential risk factors such as playing surface, tournament category, match round, and player age were analyzed. Incidence rates were calculated for the period between 1978-2019 for men and 1994-2018 for women. The overall incidence rate was 1.56 (95%CI: 1.54, 1.59) and 1.36 (95%CI: 1.33, 1.39) retirements per 1000 games played in male and female competitions, respectively. Retirements increased over the years. Higher incidence rates were observed on hard (1.59 [95%CI: 1.56, 1.63] and 1.39 [95%CI: 1.34, 1.44]) and clay (1.60 [95%CI: 1.57, 1.63] and 1.36 [95%CI: 1.32, 1.41]) compared to grass courts (0.79 [95%CI: 0.65, 0.94] and 1.06 [95%CI: 0.88, 1.27]). Risk factors differed by gender, with tournament category significant in males (IRR: 1.23 [95%CI: 1.19, 1.28] in ITF vs ATP) and match round in females (IRR: 0.92 [95%CI: 0.88, 0.98] in preliminary vs final). This study provides valuable insights for coaches, players, support teams, and epidemiologists regarding retirements and associated risk factors in previous ATP and WTA Tour tournaments, contributing to injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Palau
- Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Baiget
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Cortés
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Martínez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain
| | - Miguel Crespo
- Development Department, International Tennis Federation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martí Casals
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
- Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Tischer T, Karlsson J, Seil R. Sport-specific differences in ACL injury, treatment and return to sports. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1359-1362. [PMID: 38586977 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tischer
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Waldkrankenhaus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jon Karlsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Romain Seil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier-Clinique d'Eich and Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
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13
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McClean ZJ, Pasanen K, Lun V, Charest J, Herzog W, Werthner P, Black A, Vleuten RV, Lacoste E, Jordan MJ. A Biopsychosocial Model for Understanding Training Load, Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Sport Injury in University Athletes: A Scoping Review. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1177-1188. [PMID: 38781473 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT McClean, ZJ, Pasanen, K, Lun, V, Charest, J, Herzog, W, Werthner, P, Black, A, Vleuten, RV, Lacoste, E, and Jordan, MJ. A biopsychosocial model for understanding training load, fatigue, and musculoskeletal sport injury in university athletes: A scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1177-1188, 2024-The impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury on athlete health and performance has been studied extensively in youth sport and elite sport. Current research examining the relationship between training load, injury, and fatigue in university athletes is sparse. Furthermore, a range of contextual factors that influence the training load-fatigue-injury relationship exist, necessitating an integrative biopsychosocial model to address primary and secondary injury prevention research. The objectives of this review were (a) to review the scientific literature examining the relationship between training load, fatigue, and MSK injury in university athletes and (b) to use this review in conjunction with a transdisciplinary research team to identify biopsychosocial factors that influence MSK injury and develop an updated, holistic biopsychosocial model to inform injury prevention research and practice in university sport. Ten articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Key findings were an absence of injury surveillance methodology and contextual factors that can influence the training load-fatigue-MSK injury relationship. We highlight the inclusion of academic load, social load, and mental health load as key variables contributing to a multifactorial, gendered environmental, scientific inquiry on sport injury and reinjury in university sport. An integrative biopsychosocial model for MSK injury in university sport is presented that can be used to study the biological, psychological, and social factors that modulate injury and reinjury risk in university athletes. Finally, we provide an example of how causal inference can be used to maximize the utility of longitudinally collected observational data that is characteristic of sport performance research in university sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J McClean
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victor Lun
- Sport Medicine Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Charest
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; and
- Center for Sleep & Human Performance, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Penny Werthner
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Black
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reid Vander Vleuten
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elise Lacoste
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew J Jordan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrative Neuromuscular Sport Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Medicine Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Santos SP, Soares HHP, Perez Neto S, Caseiro Filho LC, Girasol CE. Epidemiology of Injuries and Their Implications in Jiu-Jitsu Practitioners: An Integrative Systematic Review. Rev Bras Ortop 2024; 59:e364-e371. [PMID: 38911890 PMCID: PMC11193589 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the epidemiology of injury types among jiu-jitsu practitioners, as well as the incidence regarding different skill and experience levels, through the question: "What are the characteristics and prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in Jiu-Jitsu practitioners?". Methods Since the beginning of the study, in August 2020, we conducted a search on the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO electronic databases. We included cross-sectional studies published between 2018 and 2023 on the epidemiology of the types of injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners that compared their incidence regarding different levels of ability and experience. Two independent researchers performed the data extraction and assessed the risk of bias. Results Seven studies were included. The common outcomes involved 2,847 jiu-jitsu practitioners. A high prevalence in the knee joint and chest and rib areas was reported. Considering the difference in experience level among the practitioners, we could observe that most of the individuals included were beginners. Among the age groups observed, male practitioners older than 30 years of age were the ones who presented the highest rate of musculoskeletal injury, especially during training sessions. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among jiu-jitsu practitioners. The most affected anatomical segments are the knee joint, the chest, and the rib region, followed by the shoulder joint. The related factors change according to certain variables, being more common during training in male individuals over 30 years of age and beginners in the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Santos
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Sebastião Perez Neto
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luis Carlos Caseiro Filho
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Girasol
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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15
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Soligard T, Steffen K, Budgett R, Engebretsen L. Development of sports medicine in the International Olympic Committee. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108201. [PMID: 38811060 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Budgett
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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16
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DeJong Lempke AF, Stephens SL, Thompson XD, Hart JM, Hryvniak DJ, Rodu JS, Hertel J. Transference of outdoor gait-training to treadmill running biomechanics and strength measures: A randomized controlled trial. J Biomech 2024; 168:112095. [PMID: 38636111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor gait-training has been successful in improving pain and reducing contact time during outdoor running for runners with exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP). However, it is unclear if these adaptations translate to gold standard treadmill running and clinical strength assessments. The study purpose was to assess the influence of a 4-week outdoor gait-training intervention with home exercises (FBHE) on treadmill running biomechanics and lower extremity strength compared to home exercises alone (HE) among runners with ERLLP. Seventeen runners with ERLLP were randomly allocated to FBHE and HE groups (FBHE: 3 M, 6F, 23 ± 4 years, 22.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2; HE: 3 M, 5F, 25 ± 5 years, 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2). Both groups completed eight sessions of home exercises over 4 weeks. The FBHE group received gait-training through wearable sensors to reduce contact time. Treadmill running gait and clinical strength assessments were conducted at baseline and 4-weeks. Multivariate repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess the influence of group and timepoint for all outcomes. The FBHE group demonstrated significantly decreased contact time at 4-weeks compared to baseline and the HE group (Mean Difference [MD] range: -42 ms - -39 ms; p-range: <0.001-0.02). The FBHE group had significantly increased cadence (MD: +21 steps/min; p = 0.003) and decreased loading impulse (MD: -51, p < 0.001) during treadmill running at 4-weeks compared to the HE group. Strength did not significantly differ adjusting for multiple comparisons (p > 0.007). The outdoor FBHE intervention transferred to favorable changes in treadmill running biomechanics. Clinicians treating runners with ERLLP patients should implement data-driven outdoor gait-training to maximize patient benefits across running locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F DeJong Lempke
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Stephens
- Plymouth State University, Health and Human Performance, Plymouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Xavier D Thompson
- University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development Department of Kinesiology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph M Hart
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David J Hryvniak
- University of Virginia Health Systems, Outpatient Physical and Occupational Therapy at Fontaine Building 515, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jordan S Rodu
- University of Virginia, College of Arts and Sciences Department of Statistics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jay Hertel
- University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development Department of Kinesiology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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17
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Quintana-Cepedal M, Roces-Vila I, Del Valle M, Olmedillas H. Epidemiology of injuries in elite female rink hockey players: A two season observational study. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 67:7-12. [PMID: 38394829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To record the time-loss injuries of female rink hockey players and describe the affected region, tissue, and onset of injury. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING First (Ok Liga) and Second (Plata) division clubs. PARTICIPANTS 280 player-seasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of overall, training, and match injuries (number of injuries per 1000 h) from two seasons. RESULTS A total of 229 injuries occurred in 56,438 h of exposure. The overall incidence was 4 injuries per 1000 h (4/1000 h), with a significantly higher rate of injuries during matches (15.2/1000 h) compared to training sessions (2.6/1000 h) (p < 0.001). Injuries affecting the lower limb were the most common (2.3/1000 h), followed by upper limb (1.2/1000 h), and head/trunk (0.6/1000 h). The tissue with the highest incidence of injury was the muscle/tendon (1.3/1000 h), followed by the ligament (0.8/1000 h). Around one in every three injuries (31%) affected either the thigh or hip/groin (73 injuries). CONCLUSIONS The injury incidence in elite female rink hockey is moderate and occurs mainly during match sessions. Preventative measurements should be implemented in rink hockey with a special concern for injuries affecting the thigh, and hip/groin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Quintana-Cepedal
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Asturian Research Group in Performance, Readaptation, Training, and Health (ASTUres), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Roces-Vila
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Valle
- Asturian Research Group in Performance, Readaptation, Training, and Health (ASTUres), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hugo Olmedillas
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Asturian Research Group in Performance, Readaptation, Training, and Health (ASTUres), Oviedo, Spain.
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18
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Kalkhoven JT. Athletic Injury Research: Frameworks, Models and the Need for Causal Knowledge. Sports Med 2024; 54:1121-1137. [PMID: 38507193 PMCID: PMC11127898 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Within applied sports science and medicine research, many challenges hinder the establishment and detailed understanding of athletic injury causality as well as the development and implementation of appropriate athletic injury prevention strategies. Applied research efforts are faced with a lack of variable control, while the capacity to compensate for this lack of control through the application of randomised controlled trials is often confronted by a number of obstacles relating to ethical or practical constraints. Such difficulties have led to a large reliance upon observational research to guide applied practice in this area. However, the reliance upon observational research, in conjunction with the general absence of supporting causal inference tools and structures, has hindered both the acquisition of causal knowledge in relation to athletic injury and the development of appropriate injury prevention strategies. Indeed, much of athletic injury research functions on a (causal) model-blind observational approach primarily driven by the existence and availability of various technologies and data, with little regard for how these technologies and their associated metrics can conceptually relate to athletic injury causality and mechanisms. In this article, a potential solution to these issues is proposed and a new model for investigating athletic injury aetiology and mechanisms, and for developing and evaluating injury prevention strategies, is presented. This solution is centred on the construction and utilisation of various causal diagrams, such as frameworks, models and causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), to help guide athletic injury research and prevention efforts. This approach will alleviate many of the challenges facing athletic injury research by facilitating the investigation of specific causal links, mechanisms and assumptions with appropriate scientific methods, aiding the translation of lab-based research into the applied sporting world, and guiding causal inferences from applied research efforts by establishing appropriate supporting causal structures. Further, this approach will also help guide the development and adoption of both relevant metrics (and technologies) and injury prevention strategies, as well as encourage the construction of appropriate theoretical and conceptual foundations prior to the commencement of applied injury research studies. This will help minimise the risk of resource wastage, data fishing, p-hacking and hypothesising after the results are known (HARK-ing) in athletic injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judd T Kalkhoven
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
- Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Xu L, Chen S, Gao D, Fang Y, Li L. The associated factors for physical activity-related injuries among first-year university students in southern China from a biopsychosocial perspective. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369583. [PMID: 38628852 PMCID: PMC11018952 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the diverse factors influencing physical activity-related injuries is crucial for developing effective interventions that enable individuals to participate in physical activity (PA) while minimizing injury risk. Currently, research evidence on the multiple factors associated with PA-related injuries is inadequate. This study aimed to examine the associations between PA-related injuries and various biological, psychological, and social factors among first-year university students in China. Methods We recruited first-year university students from Shantou University in Guangdong Province, China, to participate in our study. Data collection employed a structured self-administered questionnaire, gathering information on PA-related injuries, as well as relevant biological, psychological, and social factors. Binary logistic regression, using a stepwise modeling approach, was employed for the data analysis. Results Among 1,051 first-year university students, 28.16% reported having experienced PA-related injuries in the past year. Most of the injuries reported were minor, with the knee or lower leg being the most frequently injured part of the body. Improper posture, environmental conditions, and excessive physical load were the leading causes of PA-related injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female students (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.94, p = 0.022) had reduced odds of PA-related injuries. Conversely, high neuroticism (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07-2.41, p = 0.022), being a member of a sports team (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.34-3.27, p < 0.001), PA on the wet ground (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18-2.54, p = 0.005) increased the odds of PA-related injuries. Conclusion Our findings underscore the intricate interplay of various factors contributing to PA-related injuries. Identifying high-risk individuals based on physiological and psychological characteristics, coupled with targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, is crucial for effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shangmin Chen
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dongna Gao
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Steemers S, van Rijn RM, van Middelkoop M, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Stubbe JH. Health consultations at a performing arts health centre among classical music students based on electronic health record data: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1245505. [PMID: 38629032 PMCID: PMC11020097 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1245505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical and mental health problems in music students are usually identified using self-reported data. The use of an Electronic Health Record database can avoid biases to give an overview of the extent of health problems in this population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to gain insight into both physical and mental health related issues in classical music students using this type of data collection. An Electronic Health Record database including five years of data from a Performing Arts Health Centre (PAHC) of a university or the arts, was used to analyze the number and characteristics of health consultations in music students. The total number of students, health consultations and the average number of visits per health consultation were calculated over five years. Furthermore, numbers and percentages of both physical and mental health consultations were registered. Also, the number and percentage of health consultations per instrument group were compared to the proportion of each instrument group within the specific sample. Over a period of five years, 230 students visited the PAHC and 417 health consultations were reported. 43.5% of the students who visited a health professional indicated at least one physical health consultation, 29.1% at least one mental health consultation and 27.4% at least one in both categories. An injury was the most frequently registered physical health consultation (40.2%), followed by performance improvement (9.8%) and stress (9.6%). Voice students registered relatively most health consultations. As far as we know, this is the first cross-sectional study using Electronic Health Record data from a PAHC to gain insight into both physical and mental health related issues in a population of classical music students. Looking at the variety of health consultations registered in the database, a multidisciplinary team and multidisciplinary approach are necessary to meet the needs of the students in terms of physical and mental health support and performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suze Steemers
- Codarts Rotterdam, University of the Arts, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- PErforming Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier M. van Rijn
- Codarts Rotterdam, University of the Arts, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- PErforming Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marienke van Middelkoop
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Janine H. Stubbe
- Codarts Rotterdam, University of the Arts, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- PErforming Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Tsutsumi S, Sasadai J, Maeda N, Tamura Y, Nagao T, Watanabe T, Arima S, Kaneda K, Yoshimi M, Mizuta R, Ishihara H, Shimizu R, Fukui K, Tashiro T, Komiya M, Suzuki A, Urabe Y. Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081942. [PMID: 38569694 PMCID: PMC10989142 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, there were the rule and goal size changes at the blind football competition. This study aimed to compare the scoring and head impact characteristics during blind football competition between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games using the official videos. DESIGN Video-based observational study. PARTICIPANTS In total, 36 blind football (men's football 5-a-side) game videos were obtained from the official International Paralympic Committee. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Head impact was defined as the sudden contact of any object with the head. Videos were analysed to assess the number of scores and head impacts along with their corresponding details (ie, round, playing phase, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, head impact site, fall and foul). RESULTS The total number of goals scored at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was nearly double that at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. Regarding head impacts, a total of 2036 cases (Rio 2016, n=1105; Tokyo 2020, n=931) were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in head impact characteristics between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games among seven outcomes (round, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, site of head impact and fall). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games showed an increase in the number of points scored and different head impact characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junpei Sasadai
- Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takumi Nagao
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoya Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kaneda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimi
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rami Mizuta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Honoka Ishihara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reia Shimizu
- Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsubasa Tashiro
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Komiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Sports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Urabe
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Thorarinsdottir S, Amundsen R, Larmo A, Pedersen R, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Møller M. Groin injuries in women's premier league football in Norway: A two-season prospective cohort study describing clinical and imaging characteristics. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14611. [PMID: 38534061 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence, incidence, and burden of groin injuries in the Norwegian women's premier football league and to describe their clinical and imaging characteristics. METHODS During the 2020 and 2021 seasons, players in the Norwegian women's premier league reported groin injuries weekly, using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H2). We calculated weekly prevalence, incidence, and burden of groin injuries. The team physical therapists classified the player-reported injuries based on the Doha classification system. Injuries with more than 3 days' time loss or reported in 2 consecutive weeks were eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS On average, 3.9% (95% CI: 3.4-4.4) of players reported a groin injury at any time; of which 78% caused time loss. The incidence rate was 1.6 injuries/1000 h (95% CI: 1.3-2.0) and their burden was 11 days lost/1000 h. The physical therapists examined 67 of 124 player-reported groin injuries (53%). Adductor-related injury was most common (55%) followed by iliopsoas (15%) and rectus femoris-related (12%). Pubic-related injuries caused most time loss (median: 24 days, IQR: 5-133). In this study, 42 injuries were investigated with MRI; 8 (19%) showed no changes, 6 (14%) an acute musculotendinous lesion, and 32 (76%) a nonacute finding (e.g., central symphyseal disc protrusion, tendinopathies). CONCLUSION The incidence rate and burden of groin injuries were high. Adductor-related injuries were most common, but pubic-related injuries caused most time loss. Most MRI examinations demonstrated nonacute findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Thorarinsdottir
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roar Amundsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian FA Medical Centre (Idrettens helsesenter), Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Møller
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Research Unit of Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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23
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Quintana-Cepedal M, Rodríguez MÁ, Nuño-Iglesias N, Del Valle M, Crespo I, Olmedillas H. Injury characteristics of young elite inline speed skaters: A one season retrospective study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:181-186. [PMID: 37078191 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2205454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs. This observational and retrospective study was to examine the injuries sustained by elite young Spanish inline speed skaters during a season. METHODS Athletes participating in the national championship (n = 80) were surveyed via an anonymous online questionnaire to screen for injury characteristics: incidence, location, and tissue affected; plus training information and demographics. RESULTS A total of 52 injuries were recorded across 33,351 hours of exposure, which gives a rate of 1.65/1,000 h. The lower body comprised 79% of the total amount of injuries (1.3/1000 h), and the main areas affected were the thigh and foot, accounting for 25% and 19.2% of the recorded injuries, respectively. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, with an incidence of 0.92/1000 h. No significant gender differences were observed for any of the variables studied. CONCLUSION Speed skating can be considered a low injury rate sport based on our findings. The risk of sustaining an injury was independent of gender, age, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Del Valle
- Department of Cellular Morphology and Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Irene Crespo
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hugo Olmedillas
- Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
Hamstring muscle injuries (HMI) are a common and recurrent issue in the sport of athletics, particularly in sprinting and jumping disciplines. This review summarizes the latest literature on hamstring muscle injuries in athletics from a clinical perspective. The considerable heterogeneity in injury definitions and reporting methodologies among studies still needs to be addressed for greater clarity. Expert teams have recently developed evidence-based muscle injury classification systems whose application could guide clinical decision-making; however, no system has been adopted universally in clinical practice, yet.The most common risk factor for HMI is a previously sustained injury, particularly early after return-to-sport. Other modifiable (e.g. weakness of thigh muscles, high-speed running exposure) and non-modifiable (e.g. older age) risk factors have limited evidence linking them to injury. Reducing injury may be achieved through exercise-based programs, but their specific components and their practical applicability remain unclear.Post-injury management follows similar recommendations to other soft tissue injuries, with a graded progression through stages of rehabilitation to full return to training and then competition, based on symptoms and clinical signs to guide the individual speed of the recovery journey. Evidence favoring surgical repair is conflicting and limited to specific injury sub-types (e.g. proximal avulsions). Further research is needed on specific rehabilitation components and progression criteria, where more individualized approaches could address the high rates of recurrent HMI. Prognostically, a combination of physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems superior to imaging alone when predicting 'recovery duration,' particularly at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Iatropoulos
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Patrick C Wheeler
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- National Centre of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough, UK
- Department of Sport & Exercise Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Gasparin GB, Ribas LO, Flores HN, Bueno GBDB, Vrkoslaw L, Bittencourt NFN, Baroni BM. Uncovering injuries in Brazilian elite women's football: A prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:228-233. [PMID: 38336547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the injury profile in Brazilian elite women's football. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Time-loss injuries, along with match and training exposure, were monitored throughout a full season in four Brazilian elite clubs. RESULTS Sixty-three out of 133 players (47 %) sustained 112 time-loss injuries along the season, leading to 0.8 injuries per player on average. The overall injury incidence rate was 5.0 injuries per 1000 h of exposure. Sudden onset injuries occurred at a rate of 4.2/1000 h of overall exposure, with rates of 15.9/1000 h during matches and 2.9/1000 h during training sessions. Forty-eight percent of the time-loss injuries were attributed to non-contact events. Gradual onset injuries accounted for 16 % of the injuries, resulting in a rate of 0.8/1000 h of overall exposure. The most affected locations were knee and thigh (29 % of all injuries for each), followed by ankle (17 %) and hip/groin (13 %). Muscle/tendon was the most affected tissue (47 % of all injuries), followed by ligament/joint capsule (33 %), bone (10 %), and cartilage/synovium/bursa (7 %). Ankle sprains, hamstring strains, and anterior cruciate ligament injuries accounted for over one-third of the injuries. Mild, moderate, and severe injuries account for 40 %, 43 %, and 17 % of cases, respectively. Overall, 18 % of cases were categorized as re-injuries, and 40 % of those occurred within 2 months of the index injury. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the initial understanding into the injury profile of Brazilian elite women's football. This information should serve as a guiding resource for injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bissani Gasparin
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luana Vrkoslaw
- Associação Ferroviária de Esportes, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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26
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Höög S, Arndt A, Tranaeus U. Study protocol for a prospective cohort study describing the injury characteristics in elite gymnasts in TeamGym: the Swedish TeamGym Injury Cohort - STIC. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083587. [PMID: 38548362 PMCID: PMC10982756 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gymnastics consists of several different disciplines, whereof TeamGym is one. TeamGym is a young discipline with sparse research. The aim of the study is to investigate the injury characteristics in Swedish elite gymnasts competing in TeamGym including training load and other physical and psychological factors associated with injury. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Swedish TeamGym Injury Cohort is a longitudinal prospective cohort study for 52 weeks that includes the junior (15-17 years) and senior (≥18 years) Swedish female and male national teams in TeamGym. A baseline questionnaire will be sent out in an online application (SmartaBase) regarding demographics, previous injuries, gymnastics-related factors, for example, time at elite level and psychosocial factors such as stress, athletic identity, coping skills, personality traits and coach-athlete relation. A weekly questionnaire will be sent out in SmartaBase every Sunday and will monitor injuries using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Questionnaire, gymnastics-related factors, for example, landing surfaces, stress, recovery and training load. A test battery for the lower extremity will be performed. Data for ankle dorsiflexion, hop tests and ankle plantarflexion strength/endurance will be collected. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This project was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2023-06653-01) and is performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and shared with the Swedish Gymnastics Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Höög
- Department of FNB, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Arndt
- Department of FNB, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Tranaeus
- Department of FNB, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Kerr ZY, Diana JC, Adams WM, Register-Mihalik JK, Nedimyer AK. The initial visibility of updated recommendations on preseason heat safety in high school athletics among United States athletic trainers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300669. [PMID: 38517911 PMCID: PMC10959349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Updated recommendations on preseason heat safety in high school (HS) athletics ("2021 Consensus Statements") were published in April 2021. This cross-sectional survey study explored the initial roll-out of the 2021 Consensus Statements, including their visibility among United States HS athletic trainers (ATs) and perceived levels of confidence in implementing them. Recruitment occurred first, from a random selection of ATs from the Board of Certification, Inc., and second, an open invitation via social media. An online cross-sectional questionnaire had participating ATs note whether they had seen the 2021 Consensus Statements. If yes, ATs reported their perceived level of confidence in implementing them (5-point-ordinal scale from "not at all confident" to "very confident); if no, ATs disclosed (open-ended) why they had not yet seen them. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative variables; template analysis identified codes related to visibility of and confidence in implementing 2021 Consensus Statements. Nearly half (45.7%) of 116 responding HS ATs reported having seen at least one 2021 Consensus Statements; 23.3% had reviewed all three. Common reasons among the 63 that had not seen them included: not aware they were published (n = 22), have yet to read them (n = 19), and believed they could not access the journal (n = 10). Of the 53 ATs having seen at least one of the 2021 Consensus Statements, 67.9% (n = 36) were very/fairly confident in implementing them at their HS. Reasons for confidence included their schools ensuring up-to-date EHI prevention and management practices (n = 18) and athletics constituent support (n = 8). This exploratory study observed proportions of surveyed HS ATs that had not seen the 2021 Consensus Statements and were not confident in implementing them. Findings highlight the need to continue improving messaging about access to best-practice recommendations. Further, continued efforts inclusive of active and passive dissemination strategies across all athletics constituents are needed to aid proper implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Yukio Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jake C. Diana
- Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - William M. Adams
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, United States of America
- United States Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, CO, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Johna K. Register-Mihalik
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Aliza K. Nedimyer
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Amirthanayagam A, O'Neill S, Goss C, Moss EL. Physical and psychological impact of surgery on the operating surgeon. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024; 34:459-467. [PMID: 38438178 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of surgery on the surgeon's well-being encompasses both physical and psychological aspects. Physically, surgeons are at risk of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms due to the nature of their work, and this risk can be impacted by theater environment, equipment design, and workload. Many symptoms will be self-limiting, but work related musculoskeletal symptoms can lead to the development of an injury, which can have far reaching effects, including the need for medical or surgical treatment, time away from work, or a change in clinical duties. Additionally, surgery can place a significant cognitive workload on the lead operator and this can be exacerbated, or alleviated, by the surgical environment, experience of the assistance, surgical modality, and case complexity. Measuring and quantifying the impact of surgery on the surgeon is a challenging undertaking. Tools such as motion capture, physiological markers, including heart rate variability and salivary cortisol, and questionnaires can provide insights into understanding the overall impact of surgery on the surgeon. A holistic approach that incorporates injury prevention strategies, communication, and support, is vital in assessing and mitigating risk factors. Injury prevention assessment tools and interventions that can be used within the busy surgical environment are needed, alongside increased ergonomic awareness. Addressing the impact of surgery on the surgeon is a multifaceted challenge, and long term positive changes can only be sustained with the support of the whole surgical team and healthcare organizations by developing and maintaining a supportive working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth O'Neill
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Charles Goss
- Department of Occupational Health, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Esther L Moss
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Guevara SA, Crunkhorn ML, Drew M, Waddington G, Périard JD, Etxebarria N, Toohey LA, Charlton P. Injury and illness in short-course triathletes: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:172-185. [PMID: 36898525 PMCID: PMC10980869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention strategies. This study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course triathletes. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies reporting health problems (injury and illness) in triathletes (all sexes, ages, and experience levels) training and/or competing in short-course distances were included. Six electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsychINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, and SPORTDiscus) were searched. Risk of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Two authors independently completed data extraction. RESULTS The search yielded 7998 studies, with 42 studies eligible for inclusion. Twenty-three studies investigated injuries, 24 studies investigated illnesses, and 5 studies investigated both injuries and illnesses. The injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures, and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete days. Injury and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15% and 6%-84%, respectively. Most injuries reported occurred during running (45%-92%), and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal (7%-70%), cardiovascular (14%-59%), and respiratory systems (5%-60%). CONCLUSION The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were: overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running; gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function, primarily attributable to environmental factors; and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Guevara
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Melissa L Crunkhorn
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, QLD 4227, Australia.
| | - Michael Drew
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Julien D Périard
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Naroa Etxebarria
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Liam A Toohey
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Paula Charlton
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, QLD 4227, Australia
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30
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Tosarelli F, Buckthorpe M, Di Paolo S, Grassi A, Rodas G, Zaffagnini S, Nanni G, Della Villa F. Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Male Professional Basketball Players: Injury Mechanisms, Situational Patterns, and Biomechanics. Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241234880. [PMID: 38524890 PMCID: PMC10960353 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241234880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics that result in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in basketball players may support the design of more effective programs to mitigate the risk of injury. Purpose To (1) describe the mechanisms, situational patterns, and gross biomechanics (kinematics) of ACL injuries in professional basketball matches using video analysis and (2) document the distribution of ACL injuries according to player position, phase of the match, and location on the court. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods A total of 38 ACL injuries in professional male European basketball leagues from the 2013-2014 to 2019-2020 seasons were identified. There were 36 (95%) injury videos analyzed for injury mechanisms and situational patterns, while biomechanical analysis was possible in 32 cases. Overall, 3 independent reviewers evaluated each video. Data according to player position (n = 38), phase of the match (n = 38), and location on the court (n = 36) were evaluated. Results More injuries occurred while attacking (n = 25 [69%]) than defending (n = 11 [31%]). There was 1 (3%) direct contact injury, 21 (58%) indirect contact injuries, and 14 (39%) noncontact injuries. Most injuries (83%) occurred during 3 main situations: offensive cut (n = 17 [47%]), landing from a jump (n = 8 [22%]), and defensive cut (n = 5 [14%]). Injuries generally involved knee flexion (with minimal hip/trunk flexion and reduced plantarflexion) in the sagittal plane and knee valgus loading in most cases (75%). A similar number of injuries occurred during the first (53%) and second (47%) halves of the match, with a higher prevalence in the second (37%) and fourth (34%) quarters. Half of the injuries occurred during the first 10 minutes of effective playing time. More injuries occurred in guards (58%), and 73% of all injuries occurred in the scoring zone. Conclusion Indirect contact was the main injury mechanism found in male professional basketball players. The offensive cut was the most common situational pattern. Biomechanical analysis confirmed a multiplanar mechanism, with knee loading in the sagittal plane accompanied by dynamic valgus. More injuries occurred in the first 10 minutes of a player's effective playing time, within the scoring zone, and among guards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Tosarelli
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthew Buckthorpe
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Stefano Di Paolo
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Grassi
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gil Rodas
- Medical Services, Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub, Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica II, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianni Nanni
- Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy
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Edouard P, Dandrieux PE, Blanco D, Tondut J, Chapon J, Navarro L, Junge A, Hollander K. How do sports injury epidemiological outcomes vary depending on athletes' response rates to a weekly online questionnaire? An analysis of 39-week follow-up from 391 athletics (track and field) athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14589. [PMID: 38441349 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how sports injury epidemiological outcomes (i.e., prevalence, average prevalence, incidence, burden, and time to first injury) vary depending on the response rates to a weekly online self-reported questionnaire for athletes. METHODS Weekly information on athletics injuries and exposure from 391 athletics (track and field) athletes was prospectively collected over 39 weeks (control group of the PREVATHLE randomized controlled trial) using an online self-reported questionnaire. The data were used to calculate sports injury epidemiological outcomes (i.e., prevalence, average prevalence, incidence, burden, and time to first injury) for sub-groups with different minimum individual athletes' response rates (i.e., from at least 100%, at least 97%, at least 95%, … to at least 0% response rate). We then calculated the relative variation between each sub-group and the sub-group with a 100% response rate as a reference. A substantial variation was considered when the relative variation was greater than one SD or 95% CI of the respective epidemiological outcome calculated in the sub-group with a 100% response rate. RESULTS Of 15 249 expected weekly questionnaires, 7209 were completed and returned, resulting in an overall response rate of 47.3%. The individual athletes' response rates ranged from 0% (n = 51) to 100% (n = 100). The prevalence, average weekly prevalence, and time to first injury only varied substantially for the sub-groups below a 5%, 10% and 18% minimum individual response rate, respectively. The incidence and injury burden showed substantial variations for all sub-groups with a response rate below 100%. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological outcomes varied depending on the minimum individual athletes' response rate, with injury prevalence, average weekly prevalence, and time to first injury varying less than injury incidence and injury burden. This highlights the need to take into account the individual response rate when calculating epidemiological outcomes, and determining the optimal study-specific cut-offs of the minimum individual response rate needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Blanco
- Physiotherapy Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeanne Tondut
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Joris Chapon
- Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Astrid Junge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Health in Performing Arts, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Dandrieux PE, Navarro L, Chapon J, Tondut J, Zyskowski M, Hollander K, Edouard P. Perceptions and beliefs on sports injury prediction as an injury risk reduction strategy: An online survey on elite athletics (track and field) athletes, coaches, and health professionals. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:31-36. [PMID: 38278059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore perceptions and beliefs of elite athletics (track and field) athletes, coaches, and health professionals, towards the use of injury prediction as an injury risk reduction strategy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHOD During the 2022 European Athletics Championships in Munich, registered athletes, coaches, and health professionals were asked to complete an online questionnaire on their perceptions and beliefs of injury prediction use as an injury risk reduction strategy. The perceived level of interest, intent to use, help, potential stress (psychological impact) and dissemination were assessed by a score from 0 to 100. RESULTS We collected 54 responses from 17 countries. Elite athletics stakeholders expressed a perceived level of interest, intent to use, and help of injury prediction of (mean ± SD) 85 ± 16, 84 ± 16, and 85 ± 15, respectively. The perceived level of potential stress was 41 ± 33 (range from 0 to 100), with an important inter-individual variability in each elite athletics stakeholder's category. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study investigating the perceptions and beliefs of elite athletics stakeholders regarding the use of injury prediction as an injury risk reduction strategy. Regardless of the stakeholders, there was a high perceived level of interest, intent to use and help reported in this potential strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France; Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laurent Navarro
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Joris Chapon
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Jeanne Tondut
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Étienne, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France; European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Luijten SCM, Nauta J, Janssen TWJ, Holla JFM, Jenniskens SCN, van Reuler AVR, Verhagen E. Occurrence of injuries and illnesses in athletes with a physical impairment; a forty-week prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:160-165. [PMID: 38123411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, the knowledge about the epidemiology of sport-related health problems of athletes with a physical impairment is limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the prevalence, incidence and severity of sport-related health problems of athletes with a physical impairment in the Netherlands over a one sport season. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Athletes (n = 99) with a physical impairment participated in this study. After completing a baseline questionnaire, athletes started a 40-week health monitoring period, during which they completed the Dutch translation of the OSTRC Questionnaire on Health Problems every week. Based on the reported information, injury and illness prevalence, incidence, weekly cumulative severity score, weekly time loss from sport and the total burden were calculated. RESULTS A total of 368 health problems were reported by 95 athletes. These health problems consisted of 258 injuries and 110 illnesses. The average weekly prevalence of health problems was 48.0 %; for injuries 34.6 %, and illnesses 13.4 %. Differences were found when considering injury severity, with the highest severity scores for athletes with a limb deficiency. Furthermore, recreational athletes reported the highest injury severity scores, followed by athletes who competed nationally and athletes who competed internationally. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study show a high average weekly prevalence of health problems, and differences amongst various impairment categories and sport levels when considering the severity of injuries. These results add to the knowledge regarding sport-related health problem epidemiology in this population, indicating that impairment category and sport level should be taken into account when developing injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske C M Luijten
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre|Reade, the Netherlands; Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F M Holla
- Center of Expertise Prevention in Care and Welfare, Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre|Reade, the Netherlands; Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, the Netherlands
| | - Simone C N Jenniskens
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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DeLancey JOL, Masteling M, Pipitone F, LaCross J, Mastrovito S, Ashton-Miller JA. Pelvic floor injury during vaginal birth is life-altering and preventable: what can we do about it? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:279-294.e2. [PMID: 38168908 PMCID: PMC11177602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pelvic floor disorders after childbirth have distressing lifelong consequences for women, requiring more than 300,000 women to have surgery annually. This represents approximately 10% of the 3 million women who give birth vaginally each year. Vaginal birth is the largest modifiable risk factor for prolapse, the pelvic floor disorder most strongly associated with birth, and is an important contributor to stress incontinence. These disorders require 10 times as many operations as anal sphincter injuries. Imaging shows that injuries of the levator ani muscle, perineal body, and membrane occur in up to 19% of primiparous women. During birth, the levator muscle and birth canal tissues must stretch to more than 3 times their original length; it is this overstretching that is responsible for the muscle tear visible on imaging rather than compression or neuropathy. The injury is present in 55% of women with prolapse later in life, with an odds ratio of 7.3, compared with women with normal support. In addition, levator damage can affect other aspects of hiatal closure, such as the perineal body and membrane. These injuries are associated with an enlarged urogenital hiatus, now known as antedate prolapse, and with prolapse surgery failure. Risk factors for levator injury are multifactorial and include forceps delivery, occiput posterior birth, older maternal age, long second stage of labor, and birthweight of >4000 g. Delivery with a vacuum device is associated with reduced levator damage. Other steps that might logically reduce injuries include manual rotation from occiput posterior to occiput anterior, slow gradual delivery, perineal massage or compresses, and early induction of labor, but these require study to document protection. In addition, teaching women to avoid pushing against a contracted levator muscle would likely decrease injury risk by decreasing tension on the vulnerable muscle origin. Providing care for women who have experienced difficult deliveries can be enhanced with early recognition, physical therapy, and attention to recovery. It is only right that women be made aware of these risks during pregnancy. Educating women on the long-term pelvic floor sequelae of childbirth should be performed antenatally so that they can be empowered to make informed decisions about management decisions during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O L DeLancey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Mariana Masteling
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Fernanda Pipitone
- Faculty of Medicine, Hospital das Clinicas of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennifer LaCross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sara Mastrovito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - James A Ashton-Miller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Lima Y, Gouttebarge V, Bayraktar B. What do we know about beach soccer injuries? Systematic video analysis of four consecutive years with 580 match injuries. Res Sports Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38414221 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2024.2324257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of match injury in male beach soccer players. Video recordings of all official beach soccer tournaments in which the European national male beach soccer teams participated from 2018 to 2021 were analysed by two sports medicine specialists retrospectively. Regarding each injury, data including the mechanism, location of the injury, whether the injury led to time-loss, and the relationship of the injury to the bicycle kick (BK), etc. were documented. A total of 632 injuries were documented, corresponding to 234.9 injuries/1000 player hours. Video footage was available for 580 injuries. Whilst 79.8% of medical attention injuries occurred due to opponent contact, 19.5% of time-loss injuries occurred due to non-contact, and 12.2% of indirect opponent contact (p < 0.01). The most common location of the BK related injury was the head/neck (68.7%), whereas most common location of the BK unrelated injury was the lower extremity (54.1%) (p < 0.01). The findings demonstrated that beach soccer injury incidence was quite high; the most common injury location was head/neck and head/neck injuries were associated with BK. In light of these results, some rule regulations, particularly those associated with BK, and the use of protective equipment should be considered to prevent these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Lima
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Sports Medicine Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Sport, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bülent Bayraktar
- Sports Medicine Department, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Turkish Football Federation, Medical Board, Istanbul, Turkey
- Acıbadem Sports/FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence Consultant, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gibson N, Drain JR, Larsen P, Michael S, Groeller H, Sampson JA. A Comprehensive Analysis of Injuries During Army Basic Military Training. Mil Med 2024; 189:652-660. [PMID: 35781513 PMCID: PMC10898870 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The injury definitions and surveillance methods commonly used in Army basic military training (BMT) research may underestimate the extent of injury. This study therefore aims to obtain a comprehensive understanding of injuries sustained during BMT by employing recording methods to capture all physical complaints. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six hundred and forty-six recruits were assessed over the 12-week Australian Army BMT course. Throughout BMT injury, data were recorded via (1) physiotherapy reports following recruit consultation, (2) a member of the research team (third party) present at physical training sessions, and (3) recruit daily self-reports. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-five recruits had ≥1 incident injury recorded by physiotherapists, 365 recruits had ≥1 incident injury recorded by the third party, and 542 recruits reported ≥1 injury-related problems via the self-reported health questionnaire. Six hundred twenty-one, six hundred eighty-seven, and two thousand nine hundred sixty-four incident injuries were recorded from a total of 997 physiotherapy reports, 1,937 third-party reports, and 13,181 self-reported injury-related problems, respectively. The lower extremity was the most commonly injured general body region as indicated by all three recording methods. Overuse accounted for 79% and 76% of documented incident injuries from physiotherapists and the third party, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that injury recording methods impact injury reporting during BMT. The present findings suggest that traditional injury surveillance methods, which rely on medical encounters, underestimate the injury profile during BMT. Considering accurate injury surveillance is fundamental in the sequence of injury prevention, implementing additional injury recording methods during BMT may thus improve injury surveillance and better inform training modifications and injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Gibson
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jace R Drain
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Penelope Larsen
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Scott Michael
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Herbert Groeller
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - John A Sampson
- Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Edouard P, Dandrieux PE, Hollander K, Zyskowski M. Injuries and illnesses at the Munich 2022 European Championships: a prospective study of 5419 athletes from 52 countries involved in 9 sports. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001737. [PMID: 38374943 PMCID: PMC10875512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the incidence and characteristics of the sports injuries and illnesses that occurred during the 2022 European Championships. Methods We conducted a prospective study on newly incurred injuries and illnesses collected by the national medical teams and the local organising committee physicians using a standardised online report form on a daily basis, in all athletes registered at the 2022 European Championships from 11 August 2022 to 21 August 2022 in Munich (Germany). Results In total, 5419 athletes were registered at the 2022 European Championships in 9 sports. A total of 181 in-competition injuries were reported, representing an overall incidence of 33.4 injuries per 1000 registered athletes, with higher values in triathlon, cycling and athletics. More injuries located at the lower limb and involving the muscles and skin were reported in athletics, at the lower limb and involving the skin in triathlon, at the head and trunk and upper limb and involving head and skin in cycling. A total of 65 illnesses were reported, representing an overall incidence of 12.0 illnesses per 1000 registered athletes, with higher values in athletics and rowing. The most affected common system was the cardiovascular system (24.6%), followed by the gastrointestinal (18.5%) and upper respiratory tracts (16.9%). The most frequent causes were exercise (36.9%), infections (30.8%) and 'others' (10.8%). Conclusion This was the first injury and illness surveillance during multisports European Championships providing relevant results to help anticipate medical services and athletes' health protection, and highlighting the need for special attention for triathlon and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
- European Athletics Medical & Anti-Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Zyskowski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Crunkhorn ML, Toohey LA, Charlton P, Drew M, Watson K, Etxebarria N. Injury incidence and prevalence in elite short-course triathletes: a 4-year prospective study. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2023-107327. [PMID: 38331566 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise the prevalence, incidence rate (IR) and burden of injuries in elite short-course triathletes over a 4-year training and competition period. METHODS Fifty elite Australian triathletes were prospectively monitored for injury during four consecutive seasons (2018-2021). Injuries requiring medical attention were prospectively recorded and further subcategorised according to time loss. The IR and burden (injury IR×mean injury severity) were calculated per 365 athlete days, with sex differences in IR compared using IR ratios (IRR) from negative binomial regression models. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-six injuries were reported in 46 (92.0%) athletes, of which 67.3% resulted in time loss. The injury IR was 1.87 injuries per 365 athlete days (95% CI 1.70 to 2.80), and comparable between sexes (IRR 0.82, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.04, p=0.109). Most injuries (70.7%) were training related. The most frequently injured body sites were the ankle (15.8%), foot (12.4%) and lower leg (12.0%). Bone stress injuries (BSIs) were the most burdensome injury type with 31.38 days of time loss per 365 days (95% CI 24.42 to 38.34). Twenty athletes (40.0%) reported at least one bone stress injury (BSI) (range 0-3). The rate of BSIs in female athletes was three times greater compared with male athletes (IRR 2.99, 95% CI 1.26 to 7.07, p=0.013). CONCLUSION Two-thirds of injuries reported in elite short-course triathletes resulted in time loss, with the majority occurring during training activities. Foot, ankle and other lower leg injuries had the highest incidence, with BSIs carrying the highest injury burden. The considerably higher rate of BSI observed in female athletes warrants consideration for future prevention strategies in female triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leith Crunkhorn
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam Anthony Toohey
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- AIS Performance, Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Paula Charlton
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Triathlon Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kate Watson
- Performance Health, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naroa Etxebarria
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Martin C, Lieb A, Tokish J, Shanely E, Kluzek S, Collins G, Bullock G. Initial versus Subsequent Injury and Illness and Temporal Trends Among Professional Hockey Players. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:215-226. [PMID: 38313661 PMCID: PMC10837818 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research is limited investigating injuries/illness incidence among National Hockey League (NHL) players. This study sought to establish injury/illness incidence, initial versus subsequent injury risk among NHL players, and determine temporal trends of injury and illness incidence. Hypothesis Variations in injury incidence by body region, and initial versus subsequent injury would be observed among positions. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Publicly available data were utilized. NHL players 18 years or older between 2007-2008 to 2018-2019 were included. Injury and illness was stratified by position and body segment. Incidence rate (IR), and initial versus subsequent injury and illness risk ratios were calculated. Temporal trends were reported. Results Nine thousand, seven-hundred and thirty four injuries and illnesses were recorded. Centers had the highest overall IR at 15.14 per 1000 athlete game exposures (AGEs) (95%CI:15.12-15.15) and were 1.4 times more likely to sustain a subsequent injury compared to other positions. The groin/hip/thigh was the most commonly injured body region with an IR of 1.14 per 1000 AGEs (95%CI:1.06-1.21), followed by the head/neck (0.72 per 1000 AGEs, 95%CI:0.66-0.78). Combined injury and illness IR peaked in 2009-2010 season at 12.01 (95%CI: 11.22-12.79). The groin/hip/thigh demonstrated peak incidence during the 2007-2008 season (2.53, 95%CI:2.17-2.90); head/neck demonstrated a peak incidence in 2010-2011 season (Overall: 1.03, 95%CI:0.81-1.26). Injuries reported as 'lower body' increased over time. Conclusions Positional differences were observed; centers demonstrated the highest overall IR, and subsequent injury risk. Injury by body region was similar to previous literature. Head/neck and concussion decreased over time supporting rule changes in body checking and visor wear. Clinicians should be aware that 'lower body' injuries increased over time; therefore, injuries to the groin/hip/thigh or knee are likely underreported. Level of Evidence Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Martin
- Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Kluzek
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis University of Oxford
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford
- University of Nottingham
| | - Gary Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - Garrett Bullock
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis University of Oxford
- School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest University
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Veith S, Whalan M, Gibson N, Sampson JA. Exploring the true burden of a time-loss injury: full vs partial time-loss in elite academy football (soccer). SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:6-14. [PMID: 36473725 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2156587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In football, the number of days without full participation in training/competition is often used as a surrogate measure for time-loss (TL) caused by injury. However, injury management and return-to-play processes frequently include modified participation, which to date has only been recorded through self-reports. This study aims to demonstrate the differentiation between 'full' (no participation in team football) and 'partial' (reduced/modified participation in team football) burden. Injury and exposure data were collected from 118 male elite footballers (U13-U18) over 3 consecutive seasons according to the Football Consensus Statement. TL injury burden was calculated separately as the number of total, 'full' and 'partial' days lost per 1000 h of exposure. Injury burden (137.2 days lost/1000 h, 95% CI 133.4-141.0) was comprised of 23% (31.9 days lost/1000 h, 95% CI 30.1-33.8) partial TL and 77% (105.3 days lost/1000 h, 95% CI 102.0-108.6) full TL burden. Injuries of moderate severity (8-28 days lost) showed 40% of partial TL. TL injury incidence rate (6.6 injuries/1000 h, 95% CI 5.8-7.5), the number of severe injuries (16%), and the distribution of TL and non-TL injuries (56% and 44%) were comparable to other reports in elite youth footballers. Almost one-quarter of the TL injury burden showed that injured players were still included in some team football activities, which, for injuries with TL >7 days, was likely related to the return to play process. Therefore, reporting on partial TL provides insight into the true impact of injury on participation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Veith
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Medical Department, Sydney Football Club, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Whalan
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Medical Department, Football Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Gibson
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Sampson
- Centre of Medical and Exercise Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Rausch L, Limmer M, Pocecco E, Ruedl G, Posch M, Faulhaber M. Sex-specific analysis of hiking accidents in the Austrian Alps: a follow-up from 2015 to 2021. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:160-175. [PMID: 38617419 PMCID: PMC11007419 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hiking is one of the most popular leisure sport activities practiced in the Alps during the summer season, but bears the risk of mountain emergencies, accidents, and fatalities. This paper provides an updated analysis of hiking accidents for the years 2015 to 2021 in the Austrian Alps, thereby outlining fatal and non-fatal accident characteristics. Methods For this retrospective analysis, mountain hiking accidents documented by the Austrian Alpine Police during a 7-year period were screened for potential exclusion criteria. The final sample size consisted of 7368 accidents and 7552 victims. The outcome measures were mainly specified by sex, age, injury degree, injury location, pathophysiological characteristics, and cause of injury. Results The overall annual number of accidents showed a continuous increase from 428 in 2015 to 544 in 2021. In total, 7.1% of the total victims died during the 7-year period, with male hikers being significantly more affected than female hikers (m: 80.8%, f: 19.2%; p ≤ 0.001). The sex specific distribution for non-fatal hiking accidents was 55.9% in women and 44.1% in men. Male victims showed significantly more frequent cardiovascular events (m: 78.5%, f: 21.5%), multiple injuries (m: 60.2%, f: 39.8%), and wounds/blood loss (m: 57.4%, f: 42.6%) than female victims, whereas women showed more fractures (m: 31.5%, f: 68.5%) than men (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, men were more likely to injure their abdomen/chest (3.7%), head (14.1%), and multiple body parts (26.5%), whereas women were more likely to injure their ankle or foot (42.3%). Finally, men were more likely to have an accident during the ascent (24.1%), whereas women during the descent (69.0%) (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion This paper provides the latest data and a deeper insight into sex-specific characteristics of mountain hiking accidents in the Austrian Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Rausch
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Mirjam Limmer
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Elena Pocecco
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Markus Posch
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
- Austrian Society of Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Tyrol, Austria
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Adam F, Derman W, Schwellnus M, Boer PH, Jordaan E, Runciman P. Injury incidence according to athlete impairment type during the 2012 and 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a combined analysis of 101 108 athlete days. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2023-107144. [PMID: 38286574 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between sport-related injuries and Para athlete impairment type has not yet been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to describe injury incidence according to athlete impairment type during the London 2012 and Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games, by sex, age, Games period, chronicity and anatomical area. METHODS A combined analysis of 7222 athletes was conducted comprising 101 108 athlete days, using pooled data. Internet sources were used to identify impairments of registered athletes. Impairment types: brain disorders (BD), limb deficiency, neuromuscular disorders (NMD), spinal cord-related disorders, visual impairment (VI) and 'all others' (OTH: impaired passive range of movement, intellectual impairment, leg length difference, short stature and unknown impairments). Results by impairment type are reported as univariate unadjusted incidences (injuries/1000 athlete days; 95% CIs). Statistical significance between impairment types was determined when 95% CIs did not overlap. RESULTS The overall crude unadjusted incidence of injury was 11.1 (95% CI 10.4 to 11.9), significantly higher in VI (13.7 (95% CI 11.0 to 15.7)) and NMD (13.3 (95% CI 11.1 to 16.1)) compared with BD (9.1 (95% CI 7.7 to 10.8)). Acute (sudden onset) (8.6 (95% CI 7.3 to 10.1)) and lower limb (6.6 (95% CI 5.4 to 8.1)) injuries were higher among athletes with VI, while athletes with NMD had a higher incidence of repetitive (gradual onset) (5.9 (95% CI 4.3 to 8.0)) and upper limb (6.9 (95% CI 5.2 to 9.0)) injuries compared with other impairments. CONCLUSIONS Incidence and type of injuries differed between athlete impairment types. Athletes with VI or NMD sustained the highest incidence of injury, and athletes with BD had the lowest. Findings of this study can inform the management of competition-related injuries in Para athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faatima Adam
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pieter-Henk Boer
- Department of Human Movement Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phoebe Runciman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Daugherty J, Yuan K, Sarmiento K, Law R. Are there seasonal patterns for emergency department visits for head injuries in the USA? Findings from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program. Inj Prev 2024; 30:46-52. [PMID: 37802643 PMCID: PMC10844889 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous international research suggests that the incidence of head injuries may follow seasonal patterns. However, there is limited information about how the numbers and rates of head injuries, particularly sports- and recreation-related head injuries, among adults and children evaluated in the emergency department (ED) vary by month in the USA. This information would provide the opportunity for tailored prevention strategies. METHODS We analysed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program from 2016 to 2019 to examine both monthly variation of ED visit numbers and rates for head injuries overall and those due to sports and recreation. RESULTS The highest number of head injuries evaluated in the ED occurred in October while the lowest number occurred in February. Among males, children ages 0-4 years were responsible for the highest rates of head injury-related ED visits each year, while in females the highest rates were seen in both children ages 0-4 and adults ages 65 and older. The highest number of head injuries evaluated in the ED due to sports and recreation were seen in September and October. Head injury-related ED visits due to sports and recreation were much more common in individuals ages 5-17 than any other age group. CONCLUSION This study showed that head injury-related ED visits for all mechanisms of injury, as well as those due to sports- and recreation-related activities, followed predictable patterns-peaking in the fall months. Public health professionals may use study findings to improve prevention efforts and to optimise the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury and other head injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Daugherty
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Keming Yuan
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Royal Law
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Edouard P, Mosser C, Chapon J, Depiesse F, Palmer D. Understanding the first injury in athletics and its effect on dropout from sport: an online survey on 544 high-level youth and junior athletics (track and field) athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001767. [PMID: 38288271 PMCID: PMC10824051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the first injury and to investigate whether it plays a role in altering athletics' sustainable practice. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using an exploratory survey on the first injury and its consequences on athletics practice. In 2021, we asked all high-level athletes licensed with the French Federation of Athletics (FFA) under 18 years, under 20 years and under 23 years categories between 2007 and 2021. Results Out of 6560 emails sent by FFA, 544 athletes responded, and 93.6% (n=510) reported experiencing at least one injury during their career. The first injury occurred at a mean age of 17.5±3.3 years after 6.1±4.1 years of athletics practice. The main locations of the first injury were the posterior thigh (28.9%), the ankle (16.5%) and the knee (12.6%), and the principal reported injury types were muscle (37.7%), tendon (17.5%) and ligament (15.5%). More than a third of injured athletes (36.7%) reported experiencing ongoing symptoms or sequelae after their first injury, and about half (48.5%) experienced recurrences. About 20% had stopped athletics at the time of the survey, with injury problems the primary cause of athletes dropping out (46.2%), including the first injury (9.4%). Conclusions Injuries played an important role in altering sustainable athletics practice, with injury accounting for about 50% of all reported dropouts and the first injury accounting for about 10% of all reported causes. Our results provide evidence to target the prevention of the first injury, which could be considered the origin of the 'vicious circle' of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Constance Mosser
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Joris Chapon
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Université Jean Monnet, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Depiesse
- CH Chalons en Champagne et Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Debbie Palmer
- Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network & UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Williams A, Peirce N, Griffin S, Langley B, Warren A, Wedatilake T, Goggins L, McKay CD, Stokes KA, Williams S. A similar injury profile observed in franchise men's and women's cricket in England and Wales: injury surveillance analysis from the first three 'The Hundred' competitions. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001815. [PMID: 38268523 PMCID: PMC10806551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the injury profile of a novel format cricket competition ('The Hundred') and compare injury incidence and prevalence between the men's and women's competitions. Methods Medical staff prospectively collected injury data from the eight men's and women's teams during the 2021-2023 competitions. Injury definitions and incidence calculations followed the international consensus statement. Results In the men's competition, 164 injuries were recorded, compared with 127 in the women's competition. Tournament injury incidence was 36.6 (95% CI 31.4 to 42.7) and 32.5 (95% CI 27.3 to 38.7)/100 players/tournament in the men's and women's competition, respectively. Non-time-loss incidence (men's 26.6 (95% CI 22.2 to 31.8), women's 24.6 (95% CI 20.1 to 30.0)/100 players/tournament) was higher than time-loss incidence (men's 10.0 (95% CI 7.5 to 13.5), women's 7.9 (95% CI 5.6 to 11.3)/100 players/tournament). Injury prevalence was 2.9% and 3.6% in the men's and women's competitions, respectively. Match fielding was the most common activity at injury in both competitions. The thigh and hand were the most common body location time-loss injury in the men's and women's competitions, respectively. Conclusion A similar injury profile was observed between the men's and women's competition. Preventative strategies targeting thigh injuries in the men's competition and hand injuries in the women's competition would be beneficial. Compared with published injury rates, 'The Hundred' men's presents a greater risk of injury than Twenty20 (T20), but similar to one-day cricket, with 'The Hundred' women's presenting a similar injury risk to T20 and one-day cricket. Additional years of data are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Williams
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | - Steve Griffin
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Anna Warren
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Luke Goggins
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
| | - Sean Williams
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
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Amundsen R, Thorarinsdottir S, Larmo A, Pedersen R, Andersen TE, Møller M, Bahr R. #ReadyToplay: hamstring injuries in women's football - a two-season prospective cohort study in the Norwegian women's premier league. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38243669 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2305389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In this two-season prospective cohort study (2020-2021), we aimed to describe the characteristics, clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of hamstring injuries in the Norwegian women's premier league. Hamstring injuries were examined by team physiotherapists using a standardised clinical examination and injury form. Injury location and severity (modified Peetrons classification) were graded based on MRI by two independent radiologists. Fifty-three hamstring injuries were clinically examined, 31 of these with MRI. Hamstring injuries caused 8 days (median) lost from football (interquartile range: 3-15 days, range: 0-188 days), most were non-contact and occurred during sprinting. Gradual-onset (53%) and sudden-onset injuries (47%) were evenly distributed. The injuries examined with MRI were classified as grade 0 (52%), grade 1 (16%) or grade 2 (29%). One proximal tendinopathy case was not graded. Grade 2 injuries caused more time loss than grade 0 (19 ± 8 vs. 7 ± 7 days, p = 0.002). Of injuries with MRI changes, 60% were in the m. biceps femoris, mainly the muscle-tendon junction, and 40% in the m. semimembranosus, most in the proximal tendon. Compared to previous findings from men's football, a higher proportion of hamstring injuries in women's football had a gradual onset and involved the m. semimembranosus, particularly its proximal tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Amundsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Thorarinsdottir
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Larmo
- Radiology Department, Evidia Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Pedersen
- Radiology Department, Unilabs Norge AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association Medical Centre (Idrettens helsesenter), The Norwegian Football Association, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Møller
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Martínez-Aranda LM, García-Esteban S, Sanz-Matesanz M, Raya-González J. Ligament Injuries in Professional Male Handball Players: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:201. [PMID: 38255088 PMCID: PMC10815351 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Handball is a sport that involves high-intensity actions throughout the game, such as sprints, jumps, landings, and high-speed, repeated throws. This, along with competitive and tactical factors, congested schedules, and the need to maintain a high level of performance throughout the season, contributes to a high injury rate. This study aimed to analyse ligament injuries in a professional handball team over six consecutive seasons. A total of 68 elite male Spanish handball players participated, with 54 time-loss injuries (i.e., injuries involving at least one day of absence) observed during this study period. Ligament injury information was recorded following the International Olympic Committee consensus statement. The overall incidence was 0.89 ligament injuries per 1000 h of exposure. Additionally, a higher incidence and burden of ligament injuries was observed during match-play compared to training. Most ligament injuries were classified as minor or moderate (i.e., 79.63% of the total), and 46.29% were reinjuries. A significantly higher incidence of ligament injuries was suffered in the lower limbs compared to the upper limbs (0.81 vs. 0.08 ligament injuries per 1000 h; p < 0.001). Specifically, the highest incidence was observed in the anterior talofibular ligament of the ankle (0.57 injuries per 1000 h of exposure), while the greatest burden was related to the anterior cruciate ligament (24.08 absence days per 1000 h of exposure). This study provides an overview of ligament injuries among professional handball players, highlighting the need to implement strategies with positive effects during competition (e.g., specific activation strategies or training programmes based on strength and balance) and to reduce injury recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Physical and Sports Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
- SEJ-680: Science-Based Training (SBT) Research Group, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio García-Esteban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
- Club Balonmano Villa de Aranda, Medical Department, 09400 Burgos, Spain
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Wik EH, Chamari K, Tabben M, Di Salvo V, Gregson W, Bahr R. Exploring Growth, Maturity, and Age as Injury Risk Factors in High-Level Youth Football. Sports Med Int Open 2024; 8:a21804594. [PMID: 38312925 PMCID: PMC10832576 DOI: 10.1055/a-2180-4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid somatic growth and biological maturity status may affect injury patterns in youth football, yet firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the existing research. We aimed to explore growth velocity, maturity, and age as injury risk factors in 95 academy players (11.9-15.0 years), using anthropometric (height and body mass), maturity (skeletal age), injury, and football exposure data collected prospectively over three seasons (2016/17-2018/19). We compared the relative quality of mixed-effects logistic regression models with growth velocity for 223 growth intervals (average 113 days) included as fixed effects and adjusted for age (chronological or skeletal) plus load (hours/week). Associations were considered practically relevant based on the confidence interval for odds ratios, using thresholds of 0.90 and 1.11 to define small beneficial and harmful effects, respectively. We observed harmful effects of older age on overall (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.15-5.91) and sudden onset (1.98, 1.17-3.37) injury risk. Significant associations (p<0.05) were observed for higher body mass change and greater maturity on sudden onset injuries, and for higher hours/week on gradual onset, bone tissue, and physis injuries. Future studies should include larger samples, monitoring athletes from pre-adolescence through maturation, to enable within-subject analyses and better understand the relationship between growth, maturation, and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Halvorsen Wik
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports
Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine,
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport
and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation
Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University,
Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Karim Chamari
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports
Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Montassar Tabben
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports
Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valter Di Salvo
- Football Performance and Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha,
Qatar
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome
'Foro Italico', Roma, Italy
| | - Warren Gregson
- Football Performance and Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha,
Qatar
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport,
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
| | - Roald Bahr
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports
Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine,
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Sánchez-Sánchez J, Torres Martín L, Ramirez-Campillo R, Castillo D, Raya-González J. The effects of jump training on measures of physical performance, lower extremities injury incidence and burden in highly trained male soccer players. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:107-121. [PMID: 35616245 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the effects of a 16-week jump training program on the physical performance and lower extremities injury profile in semi-professional male soccer players. Participants were randomly assigned to the control group (CG; n = 13; age = 21.7 ± 3.6 years) or the experimental group (EG; n = 10; age = 22.3 ± 3.5 years). Countermovement jump (CMJ) height (cm), 30 m linear sprint time (s) with split times at 10 m and 20 m distances, and change of direction speed (CODS; 10 + 10 m with 90° turn) time (s) with turns using the dominant or non-dominant leg, were assessed before and after the intervention. Lower extremity injuries sustained throughout the intervention period were collected. Significant within-group improvements were found in EG in CMJ (p = 0.01; effect size [ES] = 1.03; large). Additionally, between-group difference after intervention was found in CMJ (F = 4.42; p = 0.013) in favour of EG. Injury burden was 194.86 (CG) vs 71.37 (EG) days of absence/1,000 h (RR = 2.73; 95% CI 2.10-3.54; p < 0.001). No other significant within-group or between-group differences were found. In conclusion, compared to regular soccer training, jump training was effective to improve jumping ability and burden in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Torres Martín
- Research Group Planning and Assessment of Training and Athletic Performance, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
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van Tonder R, Hendricks S, Starling L, Surmon S, Viviers P, Kraak W, Stokes KA, Derman W, Brown JC. Tackling the tackle 2: Evaluation of referee and player behavioural change as measures of implementation of a law variation in community-level male amateur rugby union. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:63-70. [PMID: 38030441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate player and referee behaviour during a lower tackle height law variation trial in community rugby union ('rugby'). DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS In a law variation trial in male amateur community rugby, coded match video surveillance data were analysed. Referee (sanctioning rate) and player (tackler body position) behaviour changes over one season (under the lowered, armpit-level maximum legal tackle height condition) were analysed in three approximately equal periods of the season. Secondarily, an independent professional referee reviewed illegal high tackle sanctioning data. RESULTS Overall, 108 matches with 14,780 tackles were filmed and coded. Sanctioned illegal high tackle propensity was significantly higher in the mid-season (41 sanctioned high tackles/1000 tackle events; 95 % CI: 35-47), compared with first and last periods. Upright tacklers in tackles decreased significantly in the final vs. middle period of the season (rate ratio: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.54-0.88; p < 0.01). Of all the coder-determined high tackles also assessed as high under the new law by the independent referee, 51 % were sanctioned by the on-field referee. CONCLUSIONS Positive player and referee behavioural changes were observed during a lowered legal tackle height law variation in this community rugby setting. Increased mid-phase high tackle sanctioning by referees was followed by fewer tackles with upright tacklers in the subsequent (last) phase of the season. Encouraging positive behaviour changes of this nature, particularly if sustained (beyond trial study periods), may contribute to overall injury risk reduction, and hold considerable importance to inform future injury prevention strategies in rugby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan van Tonder
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa.
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK. https://twitter.com/sharief_h
| | - Lindsay Starling
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; World Rugby House, UK. https://twitter.com/starling_linds
| | - Sean Surmon
- Stellenbosch University, Maties Sport, South Africa. https://twitter.com/seansurmon
| | - Pierre Viviers
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Stellenbosch University Campus Health Service, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/thematiesdoc
| | - Wilbur Kraak
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, South Africa; Department of Sport, Recreation, and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. https://twitter.com/Coachwilbur
| | - Keith A Stokes
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, UK. https://twitter.com/drkeithstokes
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/wderman
| | - James Craig Brown
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/jamesbrown06
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