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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, García-López G, Cerón JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rubio CP. Changes in biomarkers of the redox status in whole blood and red blood cell lysates in canine hypothyroidism. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2185-2192. [PMID: 38662314 PMCID: PMC11315793 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disease in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the redox status in canine hypothyroidism using whole blood (WB) and red blood cell (RBCs) lysates. For this purpose, a panel of five antioxidants and five oxidants biomarkers was measured in WB and RBCs lysates of 30 dogs with hypothyroidism, 26 dogs with non-thyroidal illnesses and 15 healthy dogs. The antioxidants measured were cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol and paraoxonase type-1 (PON-1). Oxidants measured include the total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived metabolites (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). WB showed a significant decrease of the antioxidants CUPRAC, TEAC and thiol, and also an increase in TBARS and a decrease in AOPP in dogs with hypothyroidism compared to healthy dogs. Meanwhile, RBCs lysates showed a significant increase in FRAP and PON-1 in dogs with hypothyroidism. The changes in the redox biomarkers in this study show that WB in canine hypothyroidism had a higher number of changes in biomarkers of the redox status than RBCs lysates, making it a promising sample type for the evaluation of the redox status in this disease. In addition, WB is easier and simpler to process than RBCs lysates and unlike serum, it does not have any hemolysis interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - G García-López
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - C P Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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Moosazadeh M, Khakhki S, Bahar A, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Kheradmand M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Ghadirzadeh E. The prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorder comorbidity in Tabari cohort population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17577. [PMID: 39080342 PMCID: PMC11289382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) exacerbates diabetes complications and imposes a financial burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TD-DM comorbidity and its associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on enrollment phase data of the TABARI cohort population which consisted of 10,255 adults aged between 35 to 70 years old residing in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran from 2015 to 2017. A total of 9939 out of 10,255 individuals (96.92%) entered the study. The prevalence of TD among T2DM patients was 13.2%. The prevalence of T2DM among patients with TD was 9.2%. Furthermore, the prevalence of TD-DM comorbidity in the overall population was 2.2%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of TD-DM comorbidity was significantly higher in women (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.58-5.11), in the age group of 60-70 years (OR 9.62; 95% CI 3.69-25.10), in smokers (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.19-4.52), in individuals with high waist circumference (WC) (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.32-3.75), in individuals with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.20-2.14), in individuals with high total cholesterol (TC) (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.21-2.41), in individuals with high triglycerides (TG) (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.27-2.51), and significantly lower in individuals with higher physical activity (PA) (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49-0.93). The present study demonstrated a prevalence of 2.2% in patients with both TD and T2DM. Additionally, female gender, older age, smoking, high WC, low HDL, high TC, high TG, and low PA were predictors of TD-DM comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Khakhki
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Adele Bahar
- Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahareh Kheradmand
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erfan Ghadirzadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Bizerea-Spiridon O, Moga TV. Exploring the Link between Oxidative Stress, Selenium Levels, and Obesity in Youth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7276. [PMID: 39000383 PMCID: PMC11242909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide increasing concern. Although in adults this is easily estimated with the body mass index, in children, who are constantly growing and whose bodies are changing, the reference points to assess weight status are age and gender, and need corroboration with complementary data, making their quantification highly difficult. The present review explores the interaction spectrum of oxidative stress, selenium status, and obesity in children and adolescents. Any factor related to oxidative stress that triggers obesity and, conversely, obesity that induces oxidative stress are part of a vicious circle, a complex chain of mechanisms that derive from each other and reinforce each other with serious health consequences. Selenium and its compounds exhibit key antioxidant activity and also have a significant role in the nutritional evaluation of obese children. The balance of selenium intake, retention, and metabolism emerges as a vital aspect of health, reflecting the complex interactions between diet, oxidative stress, and obesity. Understanding whether selenium status is a contributor to or a consequence of obesity could inform nutritional interventions and public health strategies aimed at preventing and managing obesity from an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics-1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Bizerea-Spiridon
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania;
- The Institute for Advanced Environmental Research (ICAM), Popa Şapcă 4C, 300054 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology Discipline, Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq No 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Deng X, Chang W, Zhu J, Lv X, Lai R, Cai Y, Liu S, Liang J. Hypothyroidism's effect on stroke limited to specific subtypes: A Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107737. [PMID: 38688395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hypothyroidism and stroke remains controversial and the association between hypothyroidism and stroke subtypes has not been satisfactorily researched. This study aimed to explore the causal effect of hypothyroidism on the risk of stroke and its subtypes by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis as instrumental variables (IVs) for hypothyroidism. As outcomes, summary GWAS data for stroke and its subtypes were obtained from two other large GWAS meta-analyses, including any stroke (AS), any ischemic stroke (AIS), large vessel stroke (LAS), cardiogenic embolic stroke (CES), small vessel stroke (SVS), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) were used to assess the causal effect of hypothyroidism on stroke and its subtypes. RESULTS In UVMR, genetically predicted hypothyroidism was significantly associated with LAS (OR = 1.14, 95CI = 1.02-1.27) and SVS (OR = 1.14, 95CI = 1.04-1.25), but not with AS, AIS, CES, and ICH. The results of the MVMR showed that after adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and body mass index (BMI), the causal association between hypothyroidism and SVS remained significant, while the association between hypothyroidism and LAS became nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Hypothyroidism is causally associated with risk for LAS and SVS, but not for other stroke subtypes. Hypothyroidism may be an independent risk factor for SVS, and vascular risk factors play an important role in hypothyroidism causing LAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Deng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wen Chang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Rui Lai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jingtao Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Bechtold MA, Lin Y, Miller ML, Prieto JM, Frederick CE, Bennett LL, Peterson ME, Simpson KW, Loftus JP. Serum metabolome analysis in hyperthyroid cats before and after radioactive iodine therapy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305271. [PMID: 38857299 PMCID: PMC11164369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is the most common feline endocrinopathy. In hyperthyroid humans, untargeted metabolomic analysis identified persistent metabolic derangements despite achieving a euthyroid state. Therefore, we sought to define the metabolome of hyperthyroid cats and identify ongoing metabolic changes after treatment. We prospectively compared privately-owned hyperthyroid cats (n = 7) admitted for radioactive iodine (I-131) treatment and euthyroid privately-owned control (CON) cats (n = 12). Serum samples were collected before (T0), 1-month (T1), and three months after (T3) I-131 therapy for untargeted metabolomic analysis by MS/MS. Hyperthyroid cats (T0) had a distinct metabolic signature with 277 significantly different metabolites than controls (70 increased, 207 decreased). After treatment, 66 (T1 vs. CON) and 64 (T3 vs. CON) metabolite differences persisted. Clustering and data reduction analysis revealed separate clustering of hyperthyroid (T0) and CON cats with intermediate phenotypes after treatment (T1 & T3). Mevalonate/mevalonolactone and creatine phosphate were candidate biomarkers with excellent discrimination between hyperthyroid and healthy cats. We found several metabolic derangements (e.g., decreased carnitine and α-tocopherol) do not entirely resolve after achieving a euthyroid state after treating hyperthyroid cats with I-131. Further investigation is warranted to determine diagnostic and therapeutic implications for candidate biomarkers and persistent metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Bechtold
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yimei Lin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Meredith L. Miller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Prieto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Carol E. Frederick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Lucinda L. Bennett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Peterson
- Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - John P. Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Shukla A, Singh A, Tripathi S. Perturbed Lipid Metabolism Transduction Pathways in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Their Possible Treating Nutraceuticals. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38805016 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2359084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has evolved into an international public health concern. Its causing agent was SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), a lipid bilayer encapsulated virus. Lipids have relevance in the host's viral cycle; additionally; viruses have been speculated to manipulate lipid signaling and production to influence the lipidome of host cells. SARS-CoV-2 engages the host lipid pathways for replication, like fatty acid synthesis activation via upregulation of AKT and SREBP pathway and inhibiting lipid catabolism by AMPK and PPAR deactivation. Consequently, lipoprotein levels are altered in most cases, i.e., raised LDL, TG, VLDL levels and reduced HDL levels like a hyperlipidemic state. Apo lipoproteins, a subsiding structural part of lipoproteins, may also impact viral spike protein binding to host cell receptors. In a few studies conducted on COVID-19 patients, maintaining Apo lipoprotein levels has also shown antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. It was speculated that several potent hypolipidemic drugs, such as statins, hydroxychloroquine, and metformin, could be used as add-on treatment in COVID-19 management. Nutraceuticals like Garlic, Fenugreek, and vinegar have the potency to lower the lipid capability acting via these pathways. A link between COVID-19 and post-COVID alteration in lipoprotein levels has not yet been fully understood. In this review, we try to look over the possible modifications in lipid metabolism due to SARS-CoV-2 viral exposure, besides the prospect of focusing on the potential of lipid metabolic processes to interrupt the viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Rameshwaram Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India
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Lyu J, Bai L, Li Y, Wang X, Xu Z, Ji T, Yang H, Song Z, Wang Z, Shang Y, Ren L, Li Y, Zang A, Jia Y, Ding C. Plasma proteome profiling reveals dynamic of cholesterol marker after dual blocker therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3860. [PMID: 38719824 PMCID: PMC11078984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual blocker therapy (DBT) has the enhanced antitumor benefits than the monotherapy. Yet, few effective biomarkers are developed to monitor the therapy response. Herein, we investigate the DBT longitudinal plasma proteome profiling including 113 longitudinal samples from 22 patients who received anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 DBT therapy. The results show the immune response and cholesterol metabolism are upregulated after the first DBT cycle. Notably, the cholesterol metabolism is activated in the disease non-progressive group (DNP) during the therapy. Correspondingly, the clinical indicator prealbumin (PA), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and triiodothyronine (T3) show significantly positive association with the cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, by integrating proteome and radiology approach, we observe the high-density lipoprotein partial remodeling are activated in DNP group and identify a candidate biomarker APOC3 that can reflect DBT response. Above, we establish a machine learning model to predict the DBT response and the model performance is validated by an independent cohort with balanced accuracy is 0.96. Thus, the plasma proteome profiling strategy evaluates the alteration of cholesterol metabolism and identifies a panel of biomarkers in DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Lyu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fudan University Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fudan University Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yumiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zeya Xu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fudan University Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fudan University Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zizheng Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yanhong Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Haematology, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Aimin Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Youchao Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fudan University Clinical Research Center for Cell-based Immunotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Jonklaas J. Hypothyroidism, lipids, and lipidomics. Endocrine 2024; 84:293-300. [PMID: 37329413 PMCID: PMC11076307 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrine disorder and is well documented to be associated with lipid abnormalities. METHODS A narrative review was conducted of studies describing the alterations in the lipid profile accompanying both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. RESULTS Lipid abnormalities are seen with TSH values in the upper end of the accepted reference range, as well as with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. The degree of lipid derangement is generally proportional to the degree of TSH elevation. Other factors such as age, sex, and body mass index can also influence the pattern of the lipid abnormalities seen. The most robust finding with TSH elevation is increases in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thyroid hormone treatment is efficacious in reversing the lipid abnormalities in both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION Given the association of lipid abnormalities with metabolic and cardiovascular disease, consideration of hypothyroidism as an important non-communicable disease may facilitate studies that test the hypothesis that thyroid hormone treatment to reverse hypothyroidism-associated lipid abnormalities may improve metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Rongala S, Kolusu AS, Jakkamsetti MS, Mohanty SK, Samudrala PK, Arakareddy BP. Ameliorative effect of ferulic acid on thyroid dysfunction against propyl-thiouracil induced hypothyroid rats. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03818-z. [PMID: 38637405 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterised by decreased T3, T4 and increased TSH levels. This study aims to examine the potential effects of Ferulic acid (FA) on rats with hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil through the estimation of biochemical parameters and histopathological studies. METHODS Twenty-five female wistar rats were allocated into five groups: Control group [1% CMC, p.o.], Disease group [PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.], [Levothyroxine (LT4) group - 20 µg/kg, p.o. + PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.], [FA -25 mg/kg, p.o. + PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.] and [FA 50 mg/kg, p.o. + PTU-50 mg/kg, p.o.]. On 15th day blood was collected and serum was separated for estimation of biochemical parameters, liver and kidney homogenate was utilised for the estimation of oxidative stress markers and the thyroid gland was dissected to examine histological features. RESULTS PTU administration for 14 days showed a substantial decline in T3 and T4 and increases in TSH levels. PTU-administered rats significantly increased TC, TG and LDL levels, and decreased HDL levels. AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, and IL-6 were determined and these levels were significantly altered in PTU-induced hypothyroid group. In hypothyroid rats MDA, NO, GSH and SOD levels were significantly altered. However, treatment with FA for 14 days attenuated PTU-induced alterations. Furthermore, FA improves the histological changes of the thyroid gland. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FA treatment showed a protective effect against hypothyroidism by stimulating the thyroid hormones through the activation of thyroid peroxidase enzyme and improving thyroid function. In addition, FA diminished the increase in lipids, liver and kidney markers, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Rongala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aravinda Sai Kolusu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Madhuri Suma Jakkamsetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Arakareddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy (SVCP) - Vishnupur, West Godavari, Bhimavaram, 534202, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Olejarz M, Szczepanek-Parulska E, Ruchala M. Lipoprotein alterations in endocrine disorders - a review of the recent developments in the field. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1354098. [PMID: 38628593 PMCID: PMC11018929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1354098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the most common disorders worldwide, which, if left untreated, results in a multitude of complications. Thus proper diagnostics, which includes identifying of secondary causes of dyslipidemia is crucial. Endocrine disorders are an important cause of secondary dyslipidemia. This paper aims to review the publications on lipoprotein alterations in endocrine disorders from the past two years and provide an overview of the recent discoveries in this dynamically developing and large field. Significant changes in lipoprotein serum concentrations are present in most endocrinological diseases and can be modified with proper treatment. Some lipoproteins have also been proposed as markers in some endocrine diseases, e.g., thyroid carcinoma. From the scope of endocrine disorders, the largest number of studies explored the lipoprotein changes in polycystic ovary syndrome and in women during the menopausal and peri-menopausal period. Even though the association of thyroid disorders with dyslipidemia is already well studied, new research has delivered some exciting findings about lipoprotein alterations in euthyroid patients with either positive antithyroid peroxidase antibodies or reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormones. The problem of the adverse metabolic profile, including dyslipidemia in hypoprolactinemia has been recognized. Moreover, this review describes other significant discoveries encompassing lipoprotein alterations in disorders of the adrenals, thyroid, parathyroid glands, pituitary, and gonads. The up-to-date knowledge of the influence of endocrine disorders and hormonal changes on serum lipoproteins is prudent as it can significantly impact therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Olejarz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Harrar S, Mhirig I, El Alaoui Boufares Y, Bouchehboun A, Bounani F, Aboulmakarim S. Lipid Profile Perturbations Associated With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Descriptive Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58181. [PMID: 38741822 PMCID: PMC11089583 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with dyslipidemia, which increases cardiovascular risk. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and their correlation in a diverse population. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with SCH. Data were collected over 19 months from the Clinical Biochemistry Department of a Moroccan university hospital. A total of 447 patients were included based on comprehensive lipid profile and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) assessments, and normal free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Lipid profile and TSH measurements followed standardized procedures using the Cobas Roche® 6000 system (Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Indianapolis, USA). Dyslipidemia and SCH were defined according to established thresholds recommended by reputable organizations. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA), with significance set at p < 0.05. Results In the total population (447 individuals), the prevalence of dyslipidemia was approximately 42.05% (N = 188), with hypoHDLemia being most prevalent at approximately 31.31% (N = 140). The prevalence of SCH was approximately 12.75% (N = 57), with women constituting approximately 7.6% and men approximately 5.15%. In the euthyroid group 1 (N = 390), the prevalence of dyslipidemia was approximately 40.76% (159 individuals), while in the hypothyroid group 2 (N = 57), it increased to approximately 50.87% (N = 29). Hypertriglyceridemia was more prevalent in Group 2, with a prevalence of approximately 21.05% (N = 12), compared to Group 1, which had a prevalence of approximately 13.84% (N = 54). Additionally, hypoHDLemia was notably higher in Group 2, with a prevalence of approximately 38.59% (N = 22), compared to Group 1, which had a prevalence of approximately 30.25% ( N = 118). The chi-square test revealed a significant association between SCH and dyslipidemia (χ2 = 1.427, p < 0.05). The calculated odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (p < 0.05) indicates that individuals with SCH are 1.5 times more likely to have dyslipidemia compared to those without SCH. Conclusion In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with SCH in our patient population. We observed a notable prevalence of dyslipidemia among individuals with SCH, characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Importantly, while chi-square tests revealed a significant association between SCH and dyslipidemia, logistic regression analyses did not confirm a statistically significant correlation after adjusting for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Harrar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed VI Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MAR
| | - Ibtissam Mhirig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed VI Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MAR
| | - Yazid El Alaoui Boufares
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed VI Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MAR
| | - Ayoub Bouchehboun
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed VI Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, MAR
| | - Fatima Bounani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed VI Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MAR
| | - Siham Aboulmakarim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mohamed VI Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, MAR
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Dell’Aquila M, Rossi CS, Caldonazo T, Cancelli G, Harik L, Soletti GJ, An KR, Leith J, Kirov H, Ibrahim M, Demetres M, Dimagli A, Rahouma M, Gaudino M. Subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JTCVS OPEN 2024; 18:64-79. [PMID: 38690432 PMCID: PMC11056480 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. Despite the recognized negative impact of SCH on cardiovascular health, research on cardiac postoperative outcomes with SCH has yielded conflicting results, and patients are not currently treated for SCH before cardiac surgery procedures. Methods We performed a study-level meta-analysis on the impact of SCH on patients undergoing nonurgent cardiac surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting and valve and aortic surgery. The primary outcome was operative mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) stay, postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use, renal complications, and long-term all-cause mortality. Results Seven observational studies, with a total of 3445 patients, including 851 [24.7%] diagnosed with SCH and 2594 [75.3%] euthyroid patients) were identified. Compared to euthyroid patients, the patients with SCH had higher rates of operative mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-6.04; P = .03), prolonged hospital LOS (standardized mean difference, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.02-0.62; P = .04), a higher rate of renal complications (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.74-3.69; P < .0001), but no significant differences in ICU stay, POAF, or IABP use. At mean follow-up of 49.3 months, the presence of SCH was associated with a higher rate of all-cause mortality (incidence rate ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.18-2.83; P = .02). Conclusions Patients with SCH have higher operative mortality, prolonged hospital LOS, and increased renal complications after cardiac surgery. Achieving and maintaining a euthyroid state prior to and after cardiac surgery procedures might improve outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla S. Rossi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Tulio Caldonazo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lamia Harik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Kevin R. An
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Leith
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hristo Kirov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mudathir Ibrahim
- Department of General Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Michelle Demetres
- Samuel J. Wood Library & CV Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Isailă OM, Stoian VE, Fulga I, Piraianu AI, Hostiuc S. The Relationship between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness as a Potential Marker of Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:98. [PMID: 38667716 PMCID: PMC11049994 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Thyroid dysfunction is known to have significant consequences on the cardiovascular system. The correlation between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been frequently evaluated in clinical studies in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of this association through a meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the keywords 'subclinical hypothyroidism and carotid intima-media thickness', from the beginning of each database until January 2023. We established the inclusion and exclusion criteria and considered studies that met the inclusion criteria. We used Jamovi for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS We identified 39 observational studies that met the inclusion criteria, with 3430 subjects: 1545 SCH and 1885 EU. Compared to euthyroid subjects (EU), subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) had significantly increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) values; the estimated average mean difference was 0.08 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.10), p < 0.01, I2 = 93.82%. After the sensitivity analysis, a total of 19 from the 39 abovementioned studies were analyzed, with most studies showing a positive association between SCH and thickening of the carotid wall; the estimated average mean difference was 0.04 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.07), p = 0.03, I2 = 77.7. In addition, female sex, advanced age, and high cholesterol levels statistically significantly influenced this association. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicates a significant positive association between SCH and increased CIMT, but with some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Maria Isailă
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Victor Eduard Stoian
- Department of Legal Medicine, Legal Medicine Service Dâmbovița, 130083 Târgoviște, Romania
| | - Iuliu Fulga
- Department of Legal Medicine, Dunărea de Jos University, 800201 Galați, Romania (A.-I.P.)
| | - Alin-Ionut Piraianu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Dunărea de Jos University, 800201 Galați, Romania (A.-I.P.)
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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14
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Banerjee A, Lnu J, Lnu P, Bansal A. Lipoprotein Ratios: Correlation With Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Among Thyroid Disorders' Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e54191. [PMID: 38496179 PMCID: PMC10942125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus are prevalent conditions in the modern era. Moreover, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the established (prognostic as well as diagnostic) marker for long-term glycemic control, whereas the lipid profile is the marker for cardiovascular risks. The association of hypothyroidism with dyslipidemia is also a well-established fact. The current study explores a correlation between thyroid profile, glycemic status, and various lipoprotein indices. OBJECTIVE To look for an association between thyroid profile, glycemic status, and various lipoprotein indices. METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional study conducted at AIIMS Gorakhpur included a total of 108 subjects, with 37 normal subjects (Group I) and 71 patients) with T2DM (Type-2 diabetes mellitus) (Group II). Baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared for age, sex, presence of hypertension, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI). Blood samples were collected from the patients. The sera were analyzed for HbA1c and lipid profile, which included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Serum samples were also used to estimate the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothyronine (fT3). The association between thyroid profile, glycemic status, and various lipoprotein indices was calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of the data. Spearmann correlation was used for nonparametric data. RESULTS There were significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels in T2DM subjects than in non-diabetic subjects. There was also a significant positive correlation observed between TSH and TC among the normal control group (ρ =0.348, P=0.04). Similarly, significant positive correlations were found for TG (ρ =0.354, P=0.04) and LDL-C (ρ =0.431, P=0.03) among non-diabetic subjects. Among patients with T2DM, TSH was significantly correlated positively with TG (ρ =0.530, P=0.006) and LDL-C (ρ =0.443, P=0.03). Similarly, in the same group, among lipid ratios, TG/HDL-C (ρ =0.311, P=0.04) and LDL-C/HDL-C (ρ =0.227, P=0.05) were significantly correlated to TSH. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between TSH and HbA1c (ρ =0.301, P=0.04). fT3 was found to have a strong negative correlation with HbA1c among patients with T2DM (ρ =-0.454, P=0.02). CONCLUSION Thyroid disorders exert significant effects on glycemic control and lipid metabolism, which may impact HbA1c levels and lipid profile parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Patna, IND
| | - Jagriti Lnu
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Prabhat Lnu
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Akash Bansal
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND
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15
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Ali ZH, Abdulridha MK, Alzajaji QB. Screening factors affecting proper levothyroxine therapy among patients with primary hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study. J Med Life 2024; 17:177-187. [PMID: 38813351 PMCID: PMC11131633 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hypothyroidism, the most common form of hypothyroidism, requires effective patient understanding and management for successful long-term treatment. This study aimed to investigate the influence of patient knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), depression, and medication adherence on treatment response in primary hypothyroidism. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Al Hassan Metabolism, Endocrine, and Diabetes Center (HMEDC) in Iraq between September 2022 and March 2023. We enrolled 111 patients with signs and symptoms of primary hypothyroidism over 6 months. A validated questionnaire assessed patient knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), depression, and medication adherence. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured to assess treatment response. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, with categorical variables presented as percentages. The student's t-test was used to assess statistical significance, with P - valuess below 0.05 considered significant and P - values below 0.01 considered highly significant. The mean age of patients was 45 ± 11.9 years. Approximately 34% of patients had insufficient knowledge, and 30% indicated a positive attitude towards their treatment. A total of 35% of patients had excellent practice. There was no statistically significant association between KAP and age or gender. There was a significant positive correlation between higher levels of education and improved KAP scores. A total of 44.1% of participants reported moderate depression, and 58% demonstrated adherence to levothyroxine (LT4) treatment. Despite good adherence, the combination of fair knowledge and moderate-to-severe depression resulted in suboptimal outcomes for replacement treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Hussein Ali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Manal Khalid Abdulridha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, Rubio CP, Cerón JJ, Bernal L, Rubić I, Mrljak V, González-Sánchez JC, Tvarijonaviciute A. Changes of the salivary and serum proteome in canine hypothyroidism. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 86:106825. [PMID: 37980820 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes in salivary and serum proteome of dogs with hypothyroidism were studied using tandem mass tags (TMT) labelling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Saliva and serum proteome from 10 dogs with hypothyroidism were compared with 10 healthy dogs. In saliva, a total of seven proteins showed significant changes between the two groups, being six downregulated and one upregulated, meanwhile, in serum, a total of six proteins showed significant changes, being five downregulated and one upregulated. The altered proteins reflected metabolic and immunologic changes, as well as, skin and coagulation alterations, and these proteins were not affected by gender. One of the proteins that were downregulated in saliva, lactate dehydrognease (LDH), was measured by a spectrophotometric assay in saliva samples from 42 dogs with hypothyroidism, 42 dogs with non-thyroid diseases and 46 healthy dogs. The activity of LDH was lower in the saliva of hypothyroid dogs when compared to non-thyroid diseased dogs and healthy controls. This study indicates that canine hypothyroidism can produce changes in the proteome of saliva and serum. These two sample types showed different variations in their proteins reflecting physiopathological changes that occur in this disease, mainly related to the immune system, metabolism, skin and coagulation. In addition, some of the proteins identified in this study, specially LDH in saliva, should be further explored as potential biomarkers of canine hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C P Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - L Bernal
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Rubić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J C González-Sánchez
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Sinha SR, Prakash P. Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder in Gallstone Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52422. [PMID: 38371154 PMCID: PMC10870244 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the most common disorders involving the biliary system. The three types of gallstones include pigment, cholesterol, and mixed stones. Studies have suggested a potential association between thyroid dysfunction and lipid pathogenesis, which influences bile composition. A higher prevalence of thyroid disorders may have an impact on the management of GSD patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders and associated dyslipidemias among individuals diagnosed with GSD. Methodology This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 180 eligible patients with a mean age of 47.72 ± 15.29 years. This study included 56 (31%) male and 124 (69%) female patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, in eastern India. A diagnosis of GSD was established based on a radiological investigation (ultrasonography) and was included in the study. A thyroid profile test, a liver function test, and a lipid profile test were done for all patients. Patients with a previous surgical history of thyroid disease and known cases of hypothyroidism taking thyroxin supplements for treatment, as well as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension, were excluded from the study. Relevant data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results Among the 180 patients, 122 (67.77%) were euthyroid, 35 (19.44%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 20 (11.11%) had clinical hypothyroidism, and three (1.66%) had hyperthyroidism. Out of a total of 55 hypothyroidism patients, 37 (67.27%) had dyslipidemias. Conclusions The prevalence of hypothyroidism in GSD was 30%, with a female predominance. Hypothyroidism is a specific risk factor for cholelithiasis, and all patients with GSD who have dyslipidemia should be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema R Sinha
- Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Prem Prakash
- General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
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Singha PS, Ghosh S, Ghosh D. Levothyroxine and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Mini Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:128-138. [PMID: 36918791 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230314113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Levothyroxine or l-thyroxine is artificially manufactured thyroxine, which is used as a drug to treat underactive thyroid conditions in humans. The drug, levothyroxine, is consumed daily in a prescribed dose to replace the missing thyroid hormone thyroxine in an individual with an underactive thyroid, and it helps to maintain normal physiological conditions. Though it is a life-maintaining drug, it replaces the missing thyroid hormone and performs the necessary daily metabolic functions in our body. Like all other allopathic drugs, it comes with certain side effects, which include joint pain, cramps in muscle, weight gain/loss, hair loss, etc. The thyroid hormone, thyroxine, is known to mobilize fat in our body, including the ones from the hepatic system. An underactive thyroid may cause an accumulation of fat in the liver, leading to a fatty liver, which is clinically termed Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The correlation between hypothyroidism and NAFLD is now well-studied and recognized. As levothyroxine performs the functions of the missing thyroxine, it is anticipated, based on certain preliminary studies, that the drug helps to mobilize hepatic fat and thus may have a crucial role in mitigating the condition of NAFDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvendu Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Hooghly Mohsin College, Chinsura, Hooghly, 712 101, West Bengal, India
| | - Debosree Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Government General Degree College, West Bengal, India
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Watanabe N, Kozaki A, Inoue K, Narimatsu H, Shinohara M, LoPresti MG. Prevalence, Incidence, and Clinical Characteristics of Thyroid Eye Disease in Japan. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad148. [PMID: 38075564 PMCID: PMC10701629 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although thyroid eye disease (TED) can impact social and psychological well-being, the epidemiological evidence of TED is lacking in Japan. Methods Nationwide claims databases provided by JMDC Inc. and Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd. and national population statistics are used. Three TED definitions ranging from a strict definition only including a TED diagnosis to a broad definition including a TED diagnosis and considering ocular symptoms are considered. The proportion of patients by severity and disease activity are estimated based on definitions that would allow identification of those patients within the claims data. Results The incidence rate per 100 000 person-years ranged from 7.3 to 11.1 for the strict and broad TED definitions, respectively. For fiscal year 2020 (April 2020 to March 2021) the prevalence rate ranged between 24.65 (strict TED) and 37.58 (broad TED) per 100 000 persons. These correspond to 25 383 and 38 697 patients for the strict and broad TED definitions, respectively. Regardless of the definition used, a predominance of female patients was observed, and the highest burden of the disease was seen in the age group of 35 to 59. Mild and inactive forms of TED were predominant (about 85% and 74%, respectively). Conclusion The incidence and prevalence of TED in Japan were 7.3 to 11.1 per 100 000 person-years and 24.65 to 37.58 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The robust results of this database study add valuable real-world evidence on the incidence and prevalence of TED in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308 Japan
| | - Ai Kozaki
- Olympia Eye Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0001 Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroto Narimatsu
- Cancer Prevention & Cancer Control Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515 Japan
| | - Masahiko Shinohara
- Real World Evidence Department, INTAGE Healthcare Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062 Japan
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Klock E, Kane MP, Musteata FM. Measurement of free fraction, total concentration and protein binding for testosterone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1355-1368. [PMID: 37847058 PMCID: PMC10619191 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Measuring the total and free concentrations of hormones is useful, but the technology to do this simultaneously is lacking. Methods: A new method offers the ability to measure these parameters concurrently for testosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Results: The free concentrations showed significant correlations with patients' vital statistics. Overall, 67% of correlations for total concentration showed that the new and classical methods had equal accuracy, or that comprehensive ultrafiltration was more accurate. The protein binding term was found to correlate significantly with the patients' luteinizing hormone, prostate-specific antigen and height. Conclusion: Comprehensive ultrafiltration for measuring the total concentration, free concentration and protein binding term uses less sample and is much faster than measuring these parameters with three separate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Klock
- Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael P Kane
- Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Florin M Musteata
- Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 106 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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21
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Bakarmom MK, ALmuhanna AN, Alhussaini SA, Alghamdi A, Suliman I. The Prevalence of Hyperthyroidism Amongst Atrial Fibrillation Patients in the National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46791. [PMID: 37954707 PMCID: PMC10634392 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The thyroid gland is the largest pure endocrine gland. It is also responsible for the production of multiple important hormones that regulate heart function. Dysfunction of the thyroid gland could lead to hyperthyroidism, which in turn leads to many lipid and cardiovascular problems. One such cardiac condition that is highly associated with hyperthyroidism is atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is when abnormal electrical impulses suddenly start firing in the atria. With a prevalence of 16% to 60% of atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroid patients. To the best of our knowledge, no similar study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Objectives Our study aims to investigate the percentage of people with atrial fibrillation that is caused by hyperthyroidism in the National Guard Hospital. Moreover, we hope that this study will improve the quality of life of these affected patients and add to their knowledge of medicine. Methods Since the population size has increased by approximately 4000 patients in the last five years, we estimated the sample size based on a confidence interval of 95% and a level of significance of 5%, which is 350 patients. We included all patients with atrial fibrillation due to hyperthyroidism in KAMC-R and patients' records from 2015 to 2020. Also, we excluded all patients with atrial fibrillation due to other causes. In addition, the sampling method we used was convenient sampling. Result Out of 1100 patients with hyperthyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism, 40 or 3.6% of the patients had atrial fibrillation, while the rest were distributed among dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and other risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Conclusion We conclude that hyperthyroidism is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation; 3.6% of hyperthyroidism patients have atrial fibrillation. Most of the patients are elderly, and more than half (58%) are female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed K Bakarmom
- School of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali N ALmuhanna
- School of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Saleh A Alhussaini
- School of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Anas Alghamdi
- School of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ihab Suliman
- Cardiology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
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22
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Tarboush F, Alsultan M, Alourfi Z. The correlation of lipid profile with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional study from Syria. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34959. [PMID: 37713906 PMCID: PMC10508477 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We proceeded with this study to investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and lipid profile disturbance. A cross-sectional study at Al- Mowasat University Hospital in Damascus was conducted from March 2021 to March 2022, and included 324 adults. For each participant with abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) was requested. The participants were categorized into 3 groups: euthyroid (226 participants), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (75 participants), and overt hypothyroidism (23 participants). Fasting lipid profile was tested as: cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). A significant relationship between hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia was noticed. LDL, TG, and Chol but not HDL showed a significant difference between study groups (euthyroidism, subclinical, and overt hypothyroidism). The lowest levels of these parameters were in euthyroidism and increased in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism subsequently. Overt hypothyroidism showed a significant difference in LDL, TG, and Chol compared to euthyroidism, however, we did not find a difference in lipid parameters in SCH compared to euthyroidism. LDL and Chol showed significant differences between subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. TSH had a positive weak correlation with LDL, TG, and Chol, however, there was no correlation with HDL. Also, FT4 had a negative weak correlation with LDL, TG, and Chol, however, there was a positive correlation with HDL. Our findings suggest a higher level of lipids (LDL, TG, and Chol) among SCH and overt hypothyroidism compared to general population. A weak correlations of lipid parameters with TSH and FT4 were detected. It is not well evident whether a restoration of euthyroidism might influence the morbidity and mortality, especially cardiovascular comorbidities, in this population, which mandates future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tarboush
- Department of Endocrinology, Damascus University- Faculty of Medicine, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University Hospitals, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mohammad Alsultan
- Department of Nephrology, Al Assad and Al Mouwasat University Hospitals, Damascus University-Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria
| | - Zaynab Alourfi
- Prof. Department of Endocrinology, Damascus University - Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria
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23
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Lee YW, Yang TT, Lin YY, Hsieh YS. Elevated Free Thyroxine Levels Might Alter the Effect of the Lipid Profile on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2656. [PMID: 37627914 PMCID: PMC10453194 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that hyperthyroidism is associated with heightened insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Therefore, in this study, we aim to explore the relationship between elevated thyroid hormone levels and the lipid profile in insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hyperthyroidism. A total of 177 participants were included and grouped according to diagnosis. The serum test results demonstrated that free thyroxine (FT4) increased the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) by positively correlating with triglyceride (TG) levels (p = 0.005, r2 = 0.35). In patients with T2DM with hyperthyroidism, the decreasing high-density lipoprotein levels showed an association with HOMA-IR (p = 0.005). Among all the patients, with different levels of FT4, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the TG level, TG/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and HOMA-IR were 0.620 (95% CI: 0.536 to 0.698), 0.614 (95% CI: 0.530 to 0.692), and 0.722 (95% CI: 0.645 to 0.791), respectively. Our results suggest that elevated FT4 levels due to hyperthyroidism could alter the association with the lipid profile and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. We also suggest that among all the included patients with T2DM, irrespective of the presence of hyperthyroidism, FT4 levels are positively correlated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11030, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Teng Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11030, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11030, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Hsieh
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City 11230, Taiwan
- Department of Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11030, Taiwan
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24
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Constantin AT, Delia C, Tudor LM, Rosca I, Irimie AD, Năstase L, Gherghina I. Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1434. [PMID: 37629724 PMCID: PMC10456487 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in dyslipidemia in adult patients since it is known to contribute to early cardiovascular disease. Often, dyslipidemia starts in childhood, and it is associated with aggravating lifestyle choices concerning eating habits, such as the tendency to consume processed food and fast food, as well as the tendency to be more and more sedentary. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study describing the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a single medical center in Romania and the associated pathology. We evaluated all lipid profiles that were ordered in our clinic over nine years. We included 2413 patients that were evaluated in our clinic in the timeframe 2011-2020. Out of them, 18.23% had high values for LDL-cholesterol. More than a quarter (25.91%) were diagnosed with obesity. 11.37% of the patients with high LDL-cholesterol levels had various metabolic disorders including primary dyslipidemia. A small number of patients with hypercholesterolemia had thyroid disorders (4.10%). Patients with high LDL-cholesterol had various diagnoses ranging from metabolic to neurologic disorders, keeping in mind that there are multiple pathologies that can lead to dyslipidemia. Evaluating children for dyslipidemia is at hand for medical professionals. Screening for dyslipidemia in children would provide the opportunity to prevent rather than treat cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Teodora Constantin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
| | - Corina Delia
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Tudor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
| | - Ioana Rosca
- Faculty of Midwifery and Nursery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Neonatology Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Prof. Dr. P.Sârbu”, 060251 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Daniela Irimie
- Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.)
| | - Leonard Năstase
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
- Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioan Gherghina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.T.C.)
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25
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Miro C, Nappi A, Sagliocchi S, Di Cicco E, Murolo M, Torabinejad S, Acampora L, Pastore A, Luciano P, La Civita E, Terracciano D, Stornaiuolo M, Dentice M, Cicatiello AG. Thyroid Hormone Regulates the Lipid Content of Muscle Fibers, Thus Affecting Physical Exercise Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12074. [PMID: 37569453 PMCID: PMC10418733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) lipid composition plays an essential role in physiological muscle maintenance and exercise performance. Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate muscle formation and fuel energy utilization by modulating carbohydrates and lipid and protein metabolism. The best-known effects of THs in SkM include the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis, the fiber-type switch from oxidative to glycolytic fibers, and enhanced angiogenesis. To assess the role of THs on the lipidic composition of SkM fibers, we performed lipidomic analyses of SkM cells and tissues, glucose tolerance experiments, and exercise performance tests. Our data demonstrated that TH treatment induces remodeling of the lipid profile and changes the proportion of fatty acids in SkM. In brief, THs significantly reduced the ratio of stearic/oleic acid in the muscle similar to what is induced by physical activity. The increased proportion of unsaturated fatty acids was linked to an improvement in insulin sensitivity and endurance exercise. These findings point to THs as critical endocrine factors affecting exercise performance and indicate that homeostatic maintenance of TH signals, by improving cell permeability and receptor stability at the cell membrane, is crucial for muscle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Sepehr Torabinejad
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Lucia Acampora
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Arianna Pastore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80149 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Paolo Luciano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80149 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80149 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (P.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.N.); (S.S.); (E.D.C.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (L.A.); (M.D.); (A.G.C.)
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26
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Benabdelkamel H, Jaber MA, Dahabiyeh LA, Masood A, Almalki RH, Musambil M, Abdel Rahman AM, Alfadda AA. Metabolomic profile of patients on levothyroxine treatment for hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e230062. [PMID: 37343156 PMCID: PMC10388654 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is clinically characterized by a decrease in levels of the circulating thyroid hormones namely thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The main treatment for hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone replacement using levothyroxine to normalize serum thyroid hormone levels. Objectives In this study, we explored the metabolic changes in the plasma of patients with hypothyroidism after reaching a euthyroid state with levothyroxine treatment. Methods Plasma samples from 18 patients diagnosed as overt hypothyroidism were collected before and after levothyroxine treatment upon reaching a euthyroid state and were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate analyses evaluated data to highlight potential metabolic biomarkers. Results Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics revealed a significant decrease in the levels of ceramide, phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, acylcarnitine, and peptides after levothyroxine treatment; this could indicate a change in the fatty acid transportation system and an enhanced β-oxidation, compared with a hypothyroid state. At the same time, the decrease in the peptides suggested a shift in protein synthesis. In addition, there was a considerable rise in glycocholic acid following therapy, suggesting the involvement of thyroid hormones in stimulating bile acid production and secretion. Conclusions A metabolomic analysis of patients with hypothyroidism revealed significant changes in several metabolites and lipids after treatment. This study showed the value of the metabolomics technique in providing a complementary understanding of the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism and as a crucial tool for examining the molecular impact of levothyroxine treatment on hypothyroidism. It was an important tool for investigating the therapeutic effects of levothyroxine on hypothyroidism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A Jaber
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem H Almalki
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohthash Musambil
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Deng J, Zhang S, Li Y, Shi C, Qiu X, Cao B, He Y, Su H. Effect of Potato Vine and Leaf Mixed Silage Compared to Whole Corn Crops on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, and Serum Biochemical Characteristics of Fattening Angus Bull. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 37508060 PMCID: PMC10376268 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the different growth performances of the Angus bull on potato vine and leaf mixed silage in the early fattening period and to provide a reference animal production trial. Thirty-six 13-month-old Angus bulls were divided into three groups with 403.22 ± 38.97 kg initial body weight and fed with three different silage diets: (1) control: whole-plant corn silage as control (CS); (2) treatment 1: 50% whole-plant corn +50% potato vine and leaf silage (PVS1); and (3) treatment 2: 75% potato vine and leaf +15% rice straw +10% cornmeal silage (PVS2). After the 14 days pre-feeding, the formal experiment was carried out for 89 days. The result showed that the ash content of the potato vine and leaf mixed silage (PVS) in the treatment groups was higher than that in control group, and the ash content of PVS1 and PVS2 even reached 10.42% and 18.48% (DM%), respectively, which was much higher than that of the CS group at 4.94%. The crude protein content in silage also increased with the additional amount of potato vine and leaf. The apparent crude protein digestibility of the PVS groups was also significantly higher than that of the CS group (p < 0.05). In terms of serum biochemical indexes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the experimental groups was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with PVS2, cholesterol (CHO) was significantly lower in the CS and PVS1 groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of PVS2 were significantly higher than those of the CS and PVS1 group (p < 0.05), and daily gain (ADG) as a key production index had a significantly negative correlation with the CHO (r = -0.38, p < 0.05) and HDL-C (r = -0.40, p < 0.05) of cattle. In conclusion, PVS had higher crude protein content and ash but less starch than whole-corn silage. The PVS could replace whole-plant corn silage at the same dry matter status and did not affect the weight gain in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Changxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Xinjun Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
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28
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Heidarpour M, Rezvanian P, Sadri MA, Keshavarzrad P, Zakeri R, Vakilbashi O, Shafie D, Shekarchizadeh M, Zarfeshani S, Rabbanipour N, Najafian J, Vaseghi G, Sarrafzadegan N. The Association of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Levels and Lipid Profile in Euthyroid Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4711275. [PMID: 37228643 PMCID: PMC10205407 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4711275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported a relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of TSH levels on lipid profile in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and euthyroid state. Patients were selected from the Isfahan FH registry. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are used to detect FH. Patients were classified into no FH, possible FH, probable FH, and definite FH groups based on the DLCN scores. Patients with any cause of secondary hyperlipidemia, including hypothyroidism, were excluded from this study. The study group consisted of 103 patients with possible FH, 25 patients with definite FH, and 63 individuals with no FH. The mean TSH and LDL-C levels among participants were 2.10 ± 1.22 mU/l and 142.17 ± 62.56 mg/dl, respectively. No positive or negative correlation was found between serum TSH and total cholesterol (P value = 0.438), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.225), triglycerides (P value = 0.863), and LDL-C (P value = 0.203). We found no correlation between serum TSH levels and lipid profiles in euthyroid patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidarpour
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parastesh Rezvanian
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parsa Keshavarzrad
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Zakeri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masood Shekarchizadeh
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sonia Zarfeshani
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najmeh Rabbanipour
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Najafian
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Meeks KA, Bentley AR, Agyemang C, Galenkamp H, van den Born BJH, Hanssen NM, Doumatey AP, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN. Ancestral and environmental patterns in the association between triglycerides and other cardiometabolic risk factors. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104548. [PMID: 37004336 PMCID: PMC10102222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Africans and African Americans with substantial (∼80%) West African ancestry are characterized by low levels of triglycerides (TG) compared to East Africans and Europeans. The impact of these varying TG levels on other cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. We compared the strength of association between TG with hypertension, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and fasting glucose across West African (WA), East African (EA), and European (EU) ancestry populations residing in three vastly different environmental settings: sub-Saharan Africa, United States, and Europe. METHODS We analysed data from four cross-sectional studies that included WA in sub-Saharan Africa (n = 7201), the U.S. (n = 4390), and Europe (n = 6436), EA in sub-Saharan Africa (n = 781), and EU in the U.S. (n = 8670) and Europe (n = 4541). Linear regression analyses were used to test the association between TG and cardiometabolic risk factors. FINDINGS Higher adjusted regression coefficients were observed in EU compared with WA ancestry for TG on hypertension (EU β [95% CI]: 0.179 [0.156, 0.203], WA β [95% CI]: 0.102 [0.086, 0.118]), BMI (EU β [95% CI]: 0.028 [0.027, 0.030], WA β [95% CI]: 0.015 [0.014, 0.016]), and waist circumference (EU β [95% CI]: 0.013 [0.013, 0.014], WA β [95% CI]: 0.009 [0.008, 0.009) (all ancestry × trait interaction P-values <0.05), irrespective of environmental differences within ancestry groups. Less consistency was observed among EA. Associations of TG with T2D did not follow ancestry patterns, with substantial variation observed between environments. INTERPRETATION TG may not be an equally strong associated with other established cardiometabolic risk factors in West and East Africans in contrast to European ancestry populations. The value of TG for identifying individuals at high risk for developing metabolic disorders needs to be re-evaluated for African ancestry populations. FUNDING National Institutes of Health, European Commission, Dutch Heart Foundation, Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Gill PK, Hegele RA. Low cholesterol states: clinical implications and management. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:241-253. [PMID: 37089071 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2204932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypocholesterolemia results from genetic - both monogenic and polygenic - and non-genetic causes and can sometimes be a source of clinical concern. We review etiologies and sequelae of hypocholesterolemia and therapeutics inspired from genetic hypocholesterolemia. AREAS COVERED Monogenic hypocholesterolemia disorders caused by the complete absence of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins (abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia) or an isolated absence of apo B-48 lipoproteinemia (chylomicron retention disease) lead to clinical sequelae. These include gastrointestinal disturbances and severe vitamin deficiencies that affect multiple body systems, i.e. neurological, musculoskeletal, ophthalmological, and hematological. Monogenic hypocholesterolemia disorders with reduced but not absent levels of apo B lipoproteins have a milder clinical presentation and patients are protected against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia have somewhat increased risk of hepatic disease, while patients with PCSK9 deficiency, ANGPTL3 deficiency, and polygenic hypocholesterolemia typically have anunremarkable clinical presentation. EXPERT OPINION In patients with severe monogenic hypocholesterolemia, early initiation of high-dose vitamin therapy and a low-fat diet are essential for optimal prognosis. The molecular basis of monogenic hypocholesterolemia has inspired novel therapeutics to help patients with the opposite phenotype - i.e. elevated apo B-containing lipoproteins. In particular, inhibitors of PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 show important clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneet K Gill
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
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Arostegui LGG, Prieto AM, Marín LP, López GG, Tvarijonaviciute A, Madrigal JJC, Rubio CP. Changes in biomarkers of redox status in serum and saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:33. [PMID: 36732758 PMCID: PMC9896751 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in dogs, leading to deleterious effects on a dog's life quality. This study aims to evaluate changes in the redox status in canine hypothyroidism. For this purpose, a comprehensive panel of antioxidants and oxidants biomarkers were measured in serum and saliva of 23 dogs with hypothyroidism, 21 dogs with non-thyroidal illness, and 16 healthy dogs. Among the antioxidants, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol, paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in serum and CUPRAC, ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) and TEAC in saliva. The oxidant biomarkers included were total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum and AOPP and TBARS in saliva. RESULTS Results showed a significantly higher TEAC, PON-1, GPx, TOS, POX-Act, and d-ROMs, and a significantly lower AOPP in serum of dogs with hypothyroidism. Meanwhile, significantly lower FRAS and AOPP were observed in saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism. Once salivary concentrations were corrected based on their total protein concentrations, the only analyte showing significant changes was TBARS which was significantly higher in dogs with hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that dogs with hypothyroidism present alterations in the redox status in both serum and saliva. This study should be considered a preliminary study and further research addressing these changes should be made using larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. González Arostegui
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Espinardo Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz Prieto
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luis Pardo Marín
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Espinardo Spain
| | - Gregorio García López
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Espinardo Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Espinardo Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Cerón Madrigal
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Espinardo Spain
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Erge E, Kiziltunc C, Balci SB, Atak Tel BM, Bilgin S, Duman TT, Aktas G. A Novel Inflammatory Marker for the Diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Platelet-Count-to-Lymphocyte-Count Ratio. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010015. [PMID: 36810529 PMCID: PMC9944872 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that causes systemic inflammation in the body, leading to hypothyroidism and an enlargement of the thyroid gland. OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal whether there is a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and the platelet-count-to-lymphocyte-count ratio (PLR), which is used as a new inflammatory marker. METHODS In this retrospective study, we compared the PLR of the euthyroid HT group and the hypothyroid-thyrotoxic HT group to the controls. We also evaluated the values of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count in each group. RESULTS The PLR of the subjects with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found to be significantly different from the control group (p < 0.001), with the rankings as follows: hypothyroid-thyrotoxic HT 177% (72-417) > euthyroid HT 137% (69-272) > control group 103% (44-243). In addition to the increased PLR values, an increase in CRP values was also observed, revealing a strong positive correlation between the PLR and CRP in the HT patients. CONCLUSION In this study, we found out that the PLR was higher in the hypothyroid-thyrotoxic HT and euthyroid HT patients than in a healthy control group.
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Balamurugan V, Maradi R, Joshi V, Shenoy BV, Goud MB. Dyslipidaemia and inflammatory markers as the risk predictors for cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed premenopausal hypothyroid women. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:58-66. [PMID: 36819139 PMCID: PMC9920932 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-37007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism can predispose systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, increased peripheral vascular resistance, endothelial dysfunction, altered coagulopathy, and dyslipidemia resulting in atherosclerosis. Thyroid hormones can influence homocysteine metabolism by regulating the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (M THR). So, this study aimed to compare the markers homocysteine, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Atherogenic Indices (AI) between newly diagnosed hypothyroid and euthyroid premenopausal women. Methods 80 Female patients between 20 and 45 years were enrolled in this study and were equally divided into cases and controls group. Laboratory tests included: i) Serum T3, T4, TSH was measured using electrochemiluminescence, ii) lipid profile, homocysteine, and hs-CRP were measured for all the participants. Atherogenic indices: Castelli risk indices I&II, Atherogenic coefficient (AEC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) were calculated using formulas. A comparison between the study groups was made by using the Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The hypothyroid group had significantly higher levels of homocysteine (p= 0.014), and hs-CRP (hs-CRP> 3.0 mg/L, 70% of participants have intermediate to high risk for a cardiovascular event) and elevated BMI compared to participants in the euthyroid group. Atherogenic indices (p< 0.001) was significantly increased in the hypothyroid participants' group. TC, TG , and LDL were significantly elevated in the hypothyroid group but did not show any association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions Premenopausal women with hypothyroidism have a greater predisposition for cardiovascular disease compared to euthyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaideki Balamurugan
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra Maradi
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Vivek Joshi
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Wyomissing, PA, USA
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Relationship between serum nitric oxide of patients with thyroid disorders and metabolic syndrome indices and nitrate concentration of water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:692. [PMID: 36639414 PMCID: PMC9839768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to assess the effect of drinking water nitrate on serum nitric oxide concentration and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the population in the Middle East. The study included 50 control and 50 thyroid disorder cases who were referred to two medical centers in 2021. In this study, serum nitric oxide concentration, drinking water nitrate, and metabolic syndrome components were measured in the two groups. The results showed there was a statistically significant difference between serum NO in the case and control groups (p-value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the concentration of nitrate in drinking water and serum nitric oxide in the case and control groups; however, this relationship was not significant statistically. A statistically significant difference was found between serum nitric oxide and systolic blood pressure in the cases (p-value < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between MetS and nitric oxide. Therefore, we concluded that the relationship between nitric oxide and nitrate in consuming water should be determined in thyroid patients. In addition to their water consumption, it is better to study the nitrate of foods, especially vegetables.
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Zafirovic S, Gao X, Essack M, Isenovic ER. The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092837. [PMID: 36686463 PMCID: PMC9846570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Effects of Restricted Availability of Drinking Water on Blood Characteristics and Constituents in Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix Sheep from Different Regions of the USA. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223167. [PMID: 36428395 PMCID: PMC9686939 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different hair sheep breeds originated from diverse climatic regions of the USA may show varying adaptability to water deprivation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of restricted availability of drinking water on blood characteristics and constituent concentrations in different breeds of hair sheep from various regions the USA. For this study, 45 Dorper (initial age = 3.7 ± 0.34 yr), 45 Katahdin (3.9 ± 0.36 yr), and 44 St. Croix (2.7 ± 0.29 yr) sheep from 45 farms in 4 regions of the USA (Midwest, Northwest, Southeast, and central Texas) were used. Ad libitum water intake was determined during wk 2 of period one, with 75% of ad libitum water intake offered during wk 2 of period two, and 50% of ad libitum water intake offered for 5 wk (i.e., wk 5−9) in period three. Water was offered at 07:00 or 07:30 h, with blood samples collected at 08:00 and(or) 14:00 h in wk 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 9 for variables such as hemoglobin and oxygen saturation and wk 2, 4, 6, 8, and 9 for concentrations of glucose and other constituents. The blood oxygen concentration at 08:00 h was 4.86, 4.93, and 5.25 mmol/L in period one and 4.89, 4.81, and 5.74 mmol/L in period three for Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix, respectively (SEM = 0.160; p = 0.001). Blood oxygen at 14:00 h was 4.37, 4.61, and 4.74 mmol/L in period one and 4.66, 4.81, and 5.46 mmol/L in period three for Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix, respectively (SEM = 0.154; p = 0.003). St. Croix were able to maintain a higher (p < 0.001) blood oxygen concentration than Dorper and Katahdin regardless of water availability. The pattern of change in blood concentrations with advancing time varied considerably among constituents. However, concentrations of glucose (55.3 and 56.2 mg/dL; SEM = 0.84), lactate (24.1 and 22.5 mg/dL; SEM = 0.79), total protein (7.08 and 7.17 g/dL; SEM = 0.0781), and albumin (2.59 and 2.65 g/dL in wk 2 and 9, respectively; SEM = 0.029) were similar (p > 0.05) between periods one and three. Conversely, concentrations of cholesterol (56.2 and 69.3 mg/dL; SEM = 1.33) and triglycerides (28.6 and 34.5 mg/dL in wk 2 and 9, respectively; SEM = 0.98) were greater (p < 0.05) in period three vs. 1. In conclusion, water restriction altered almost all the blood variables depending upon severity and duration of restriction, but the hair sheep breeds used from different regions of the USA, especially St. Croix, displayed considerable capacity to adapt to limited drinking water availability.
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Low Bone Turnover Due to Hypothyroidism or Anti-Resorptive Treatment Does Not Affect Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis in Male Mice. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091462. [PMID: 36143246 PMCID: PMC9502862 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a large and dynamic tissue and its maintenance requires high amounts of energy as old or damaged bone structures need to be replaced during the process of bone remodeling. Glucose homeostasis is an essential prerequisite for a healthy bone and vice versa, the skeleton can act as an endocrine organ on energy metabolism. We recently showed that hypothyroidism in mice leads to an almost complete arrest of bone remodeling. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the profound suppression of bone remodeling affects whole-body glucose homeostasis. To that end, male C57BL/6JRj mice were rendered hypothyroid over 4 weeks using methimazole and sodium perchlorate in the drinking water. We confirmed trabecular bone gain due to decreased bone turnover in hypothyroid mice with decreased cortical but increased vertebral bone strength. Further, we found impaired glucose handling but not insulin resistance with hypothyroidism. In hypothyroid bone, glucose uptake and expression of glucose transporter Glut4 were reduced by 44.3% and 13.9%, respectively, suggesting lower energy demands. Nevertheless, hypothyroidism led to distinct changes in glucose uptake in muscle, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Reduced glucose uptake (−30.6%) and Glut1/Glut4 transcript levels (−31.9%/−67.5%) were detected in muscle tissue. In contrast, in liver and eWAT we observed increased glucose uptake by 25.6% and 68.6%, respectively, and upregulated expression of glucose transporters with hypothyroidism. To more specifically target bone metabolism and discriminate between the skeletal and systemic effects of hypothyroidism on energy metabolism, male mice were treated with zoledronate (ZOL), a bisphosphonate, that led to decreased bone turnover, trabecular bone gain, and reduced local glucose uptake into bone (−40.4%). However, ZOL-treated mice did not display alterations of systemic glucose handling nor insulin tolerance. Despite the close mutual crosstalk of bone and glucose metabolism, in this study, we show that suppressing bone remodeling does not influence whole-body glucose homeostasis in male mice.
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Schlaht KM, Sas DJ, Davis DMR, Hand JL. An investigation of metabolic disturbances, including urinary stone disease, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis in basal cell nevus syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:713-717. [PMID: 35574616 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is an autosomal dominant skin cancer predisposition syndrome associated with abnormal mineral metabolism, a risk factor for urinary stone disease (USD). However, no research investigating the association between BCNS and USD or other manifestations of abnormal mineral metabolism has been conducted. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between BCNS and conditions associated with disordered mineral metabolism including USD, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis and compare them to prevalence in the general population to elucidate potential unknown manifestations of the condition. METHODS This retrospective study examined medical records of adult and pediatric patients with confirmed BCNS from the Mayo Clinic database from 1 January 1995 to 12 January 2020. Records were surveyed for evidence of USD and other comorbidities potentially related to BCNS. The studied cohort included 100 adult patients and 5 pediatric patients. RESULTS A total of 105 patients were included in this analysis, 10 of whom experienced confirmed USD, representing a prevalence of 10%. Six adult patients were identified with a diagnosis of osteoporosis, representing a prevalence of 6%. Thirteen adult patients were identified with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism, representing a prevalence of 13%. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a prevalence of USD in BCNS patients comparable to estimates of national prevalence, indicating that known abnormalities in mineral metabolism likely do not increase the incidence of USD in BCNS patients. Additional findings included increased prevalence of hypothyroidism and decreased prevalence of osteoporosis in the BCNS cohort compared to national averages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M Schlaht
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J Sas
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dawn Marie R Davis
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hand
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Mansfield BS, Bhana S, Raal FJ. Dyslipidemia in South African patients with hypothyroidism. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2022; 29:100302. [PMID: 35898802 PMCID: PMC9309410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2022.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brett S. Mansfield
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Corresponding author at: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Sindeep Bhana
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frederick J. Raal
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bansal SK, Suri A, Suryan V, Singh NK, Barman S. Level of non-conventional lipid parameters and its comparative analysis with TSH in subclinical hypothyroidism. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 44:61-65. [PMID: 36049016 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to estimate lipid parameters in subclinical hypothyroidism and correlate it with TSH. METHODS Forty newly diagnosed cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and Forty age and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected from them and serum lipid profile (i.e. HDL, LDL, TG, serum total cholesterol) of the subjects was estimated by standard photometric methods in a fully auto-analyzer (MINDRAY BS-300) using commercially available kits and VLDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald's formula. While serum Ox-LDL, Lipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apo B were estimated by using commercial kit based on enzyme-linked immmunosorbent assay. RESULTS The parameters such as Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B and small dense lipoprotein (sd LDL) were significantly increased in subclinical hypothyroid cases when compared with the control subjects (p<0.0001). In present study results showed significant positive correlations of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with Ox-LDL (r=0.85, p<0.01), sd LDL (r=0.71, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study focuses on the role of Ox-LDL, sd-LDL Lipoprotein A, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apo B that are sensitive indicators of atherogenic dyslipidemia in subclinical hypothyroidism and can serve as a better & novel risk factor for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Arpita Suri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Varsha Suryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Smita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Kiran M, Ejaz S, Iqbal MN, Malik WN, Zahoor S, Ejaz SA. Hypothyroidism correlates with dyslipidemia and protein contents in patients with various metabolic disorders. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221119656. [PMID: 36068687 PMCID: PMC9459485 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221119656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the status of abnormalities in thyroid-related hormones, lipid profile parameters and total proteins in the sera of patients suffering from various metabolic disorders. METHODS To analyze the study parameters, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Bradford assays and standard clinical kits and methods were applied. Data were analyzed through the appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS In all subjects except those with hypotension, thyroid-stimulating hormone, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were elevated, whereas triiodothyronine levels were downregulated. Thyroxin was downregulated in subjects with diabetes and symptomatic thyroiditis but upregulated in patients with hypertension. High-density lipoprotein was upregulated in men who were diabetic only, and total protein was downregulated in those with hypotension only. Hypothyroidism in patients with diabetes, symptomatic thyroiditis and hypertension was correlated with dyslipidemia. In subjects with hypertension, it was correlated with total protein. CONCLUSION This study revealed a link between hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia and total protein in patients with various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniba Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Waqas Nazir Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zahoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Berta E, Zsíros N, Bodor M, Balogh I, Lőrincz H, Paragh G, Harangi M. Clinical Aspects of Genetic and Non-Genetic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071158. [PMID: 35885941 PMCID: PMC9321861 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic metabolic disorder characterized by considerably elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels leading to enhanced atherogenesis, early cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature death. However, the wide phenotypic heterogeneity in FH makes the cardiovascular risk prediction challenging in clinical practice to determine optimal therapeutic strategy. Beyond the lifetime LDL-C vascular accumulation, other genetic and non-genetic risk factors might exacerbate CVD development. Besides the most frequent variants of three genes (LDL-R, APOB, and PCSK9) in some proband variants of other genes implicated in lipid metabolism and atherogenesis are responsible for FH phenotype. Furthermore, non-genetic factors, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic and endocrine disorders might also worsen risk profile. Although some were extensively studied previously, others, such as common endocrine disorders including thyroid disorders or polycystic ovary syndrome are not widely evaluated in FH. In this review, we summarize the most important genetic and non-genetic factors that might affect the risk prediction and therapeutic strategy in FH through the eyes of clinicians focusing on disorders that might not be in the center of FH research. The review highlights the complexity of FH care and the need of an interdisciplinary attitude to find the best therapeutic approach in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Berta
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (N.Z.); (H.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Noémi Zsíros
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (N.Z.); (H.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Miklós Bodor
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (N.Z.); (H.L.); (G.P.)
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (N.Z.); (H.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.B.); (N.Z.); (H.L.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-442-101
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Sankanagoudar S, Tomo S, Shukla RKG, Sharma P. Comparative Study of Calculated LDL-Cholesterol Levels with the Direct Assay in Patients with Hypothyroidism. J Lab Physicians 2022; 14:456-464. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is one among the many factors that predisposes one to coronary artery disease. As low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with cardiovascular risk, calculated LDL-C should have good accuracy with minimal bias. Hypothyroidism alters the lipid composition of lipoproteins by the secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which affects the calculation of LDL-C. The present study aimed to compare 13 different formulae for the calculation of LDL-C including the newly derived Martin's formula by direct assay in patients of hypothyroidism.
Method In this analytical cross-sectional study, a total of 105 patients with laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism, from January to June 2019, were studied, and blood samples were subjected for lipid profile analysis at central biochemistry laboratory. Calculated LDL-C was assessed by different formulae.
Result We observed that calculated LDL-C by Friedewald's, Cordova's, Anandaraja's, Hattori's, and Chen's formulae has bias less than ± 5 compared with direct LDL-C, with Anandaraja's formula having the lowest bias (2.744) and Cordova's formula having lowest bias percentage (−1.077) among them. According to the Bland–Altman plots, the bias in Friedewald's and Anandraja's were equally distributed below and above the reference line of direct LDL-C.
Conclusion This is the first study comparing different formulae for LDL-C calculation in patients with hypothyroidism. Anandaraja's formula was as equally effective as Friedewald's formula when used as an alternative cost-effective tool to evaluate LDL-C in hypothyroid patients. The recently proposed Martin's formula for calculated LDL-C had a higher bias when compared with Friedewald's and Anandaraja's formulae in patients with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar G. Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Post A, Garcia E, Gruppen EG, Kremer D, Connelly MA, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Higher Free Triiodothyronine Is Associated With Higher HDL Particle Concentration and Smaller HDL Particle Size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1807-e1815. [PMID: 35106588 PMCID: PMC9016450 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid function status has effects on the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by affecting lipid metabolism, but associations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentrations and subfractions with thyroid hormone levels within the reference range remain elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the associations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with HDL particle characteristics in euthyroid individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study on the associations of thyroid hormones with HDL particle concentrations, HDL subfractions, and HDL particle size included 5844 euthyroid individuals (FT3, FT4, and TSH levels within the reference range and no medication use affecting thyroid function), participating in the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) study. HDL particles and subfractions were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance using an optimized version of the NMR LipoProfile Test (LP4). RESULTS In multivariable linear regression analyses, FT3 was positively associated with total HDL particle concentration (std.β = 0.14; P < 0.001) and with small (std.β = 0.13; P < 0.001) and medium-sized HDL particles (std.β = 0.05; P = 0.001). Conversely, FT3 was inversely associated with large HDL particles (std.β = -0.07; P < 0.001) and with HDL particle size (std.β = -0.08; P < 0.001). Such associations with FT4 or reciprocally with TSH were less pronounced or nonsignificant. CONCLUSION In euthyroid individuals, higher FT3 is cross-sectionally associated with higher total HDL particle concentration and with lower HDL particle size. These associations may be relevant to better understand the role of HDL in thyroid function-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sayed Ali S, El-Saadany H, Kotb GA, Elshaer N, Melebary SJ, Soliman SM, A. Gh. Farag A. Biosafety evaluation of two Beauveria bassiana products on female albino rats using acute oral test. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103293. [PMID: 35592743 PMCID: PMC9112006 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of bio-pesticides in agriculture has been developed as alternative agents to conventional pesticides due to residues accumulating which causing detrimental effects to human and environment. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate biosafety of a bio-insecticide Beauveria bassiana using two products in female rats by single oral dose through hepato- and renal toxicity, hematotoxicity and lipid profile. The two products from B. bassiana (AUMC 9896) were metabolic crude (MC), and wettable powder formulation (WP) of the local isolate. Results showed a significant increase in values of erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), platelet count (Plt) and the absolute differential WBC counts. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and globulin (Glb) content were reduced in the exposed female rats with both types of B. bassiana in comparison to controls. While ratio of AST/ALT and A/G, total protein level (TP) and albumin (Alb) were raised in Beauveria bassiana -treated rats (Bb - treated rats). Urea and creatinine concentrations decreased or increased significantly in treated rats. Moreover, there was a decline in the serum of lipid profiles in WP - treated rats, but LDL levels increased in all treated animal. Additionally, no mortality or toxicity in all treated. All animals treated showed non-significant modifications in body weight gain and a slight change in relative liver weights when compared to controls. These results suggest that both treatments effect markedly on function and somatic index of the liver and slight effects on CBC and lipid profile aspects of treated female rats.
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Janovsky CCPS, Goulart AC, Generoso G, Santos RD, Blaha MJ, Jones S, Toth PP, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS, Benseñor IM. Substantially elevated TSH, not traditional clinical subclinical thyroid disorder groupings, are associated with smaller LDL-P mean size: ELSA-Brasil. J Clin Lipidol 2022; 16:335-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yontem M, Arslan S, Erdogdu BS, Kocak FE. SERUM LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN SUBCLINICAL AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM VERSUS CONTROL GROUP IN POPULATION OF KUTAHYA CITY, TURKEY. GOMAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.46903/gjms/19.04.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overproduction of oxygen-related free radicals and inadequate antioxidant defense are critical in hypothyroidism, as they might lead to future life-threatening diseases. The objectives of this study were to compare serum levels of oxidative stress markers; total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARYL) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and overt hypothyroidism (OH) versus healthy controls in population of Kutahya city, Turkey.Materials Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya University of Health Sciences, Kutahya, Turkey, from July to December, 2016. Three study groups of 45 each were formed as healthy controls, patients with SH and OH. Serum levels of TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, and ARYL were five research variables with ratio scale, but skewed, so described by median and IQR with 95% Cl. Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests were used for hypotheses testing.Results: Serum levels of TOS and OSI were higher in SH group (p-values 0.032; .0001; respectively) and OH group (p-values .0001; .0001, respectively) than healthy controls, while serum levels of TAS, PON-1 and ARYL were lower in SH group (p-values .0001; .0001; .0001, respectively) and OH group (p-values .0001; .0001; .0001, respectively) than control group.Conclusion: Our study showed that serum levels of TOS and OSI were higher in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism than in healthy controls; while serum levels of TAS, PON-1, and ARYL were lower in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism than in healthy controls.
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The Determinants of the 13-Year Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in a Russian Population Cohort of Middle and Elderly Age. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010122. [PMID: 35055437 PMCID: PMC8779704 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and a predictor of the complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), particularly thromboembolic events and the progression of heart failure. We analyzed the determinants of the 13-year risk of incident AF in a Russian population cohort of middle and elderly age. A random population sample (n = 9360, age 45–69 years) was examined at baseline in 2003–2005 and reexamined in 2006–2008 and 2015–2017 in Novosibirsk (the HAPIEE study). Incident AF was being registered during the average follow-up of 13 years. The final analysis included 3871 participants free from baseline AF and cardiovascular disease (CVD) who participated in all three data collections. In a multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model, the 13-year risk of AF was positively associated with the male sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–3.87); age (HR = 1.10 per year; 95% CI 1.07–1.14); body mass index (BMI), (HR = 1.11 per unit; 95% CI 1.07–1.15); systolic blood pressure (SBP), (HR = 1.02 per 1 mmHg; 95% CI 1.01–1.02), and it was negatively associated with total cholesterol (TC), (HR = 0.79 per 1 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.66–0.94). In women, the risk of AF was more strongly associated with hypertension (HT) and was also negatively related to total cholesterol (TC) level (HR = 0.74 per 1 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.56–0.96). No independent association was found with mean alcohol intake per drinking occasion. These results in a Russian cohort have an implication for the prediction of AF and ASCVD complications in the general population.
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Al-Janabi G, Hassan HN, Al-Fahham A. Biochemical changes in patients during hypothyroid phase after thyroidectomy. J Med Life 2022; 15:104-108. [PMID: 35186143 PMCID: PMC8852639 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most common long-term consequence after total thyroidectomy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the lipid profile and liver function in patients after hypothyroidism. Sixty patients who underwent a surgical operation to remove thyroid were included in this study, and thirty healthy subjects were used as a control. The study was conducted at Al-Sadr Medical City in Al-Najaf city, in Iraq, from October 2020 to March 2021. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was very high in patients at a hypothyroid stage after hypothyroidism. The results showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and the ratio of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The study also revealed a significant increase in the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in patients with thyroidectomy compared to the control group. The correlation matrix revealed a strong positive correlation between TSH levels and total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, AST, ALT, and ALP. It was concluded that hypothyroidism, the major consequence of thyroidectomy, causes dysfunction in lipid metabolism and liver enzymes resulting in secondary hyperlipidemia and liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghusoon Al-Janabi
- Clinical Laboratories Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Karbala University, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Ali Al-Fahham
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Ali Al-Fahham, Faculty of Nursing, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail:
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Amich I, Anguita E, Escribano-Serrat S, Alvarez C, Rodríguez-Muñoz D, García V, Bello R, Peña-Pedrosa JA, Martínez-Micaelo N, Amigó N, Ortiz P, Torrejón MJ, Boscá L, Martín-Sánchez J, Aranda A, Alemany S. Free triiodothyronine levels and age influences the metabolic profile and COVID-19 severity parameters in euthyroid and levothyroxine-treated patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1025032. [PMID: 36440226 PMCID: PMC9682171 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1025032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is required to fight infections and thyroid hormones are key regulators of metabolism. We have analyzed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: 40 euthyroid and 39 levothyroxine (LT4)-treated patients in the ward and 29 euthyroid and 9 LT4-treated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), the baseline characteristics, laboratory data, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), the FT3/FT4 ratio, 11 antiviral cytokines and 74 metabolomic parameters. No evidence for significant differences between euthyroid and LT4-treated patients were found in the biochemical, metabolomic and cytokines parameters analyzed. Only TSH (p=0.009) and ferritin (p=0.031) showed significant differences between euthyroid and LT4-treated patients in the ward, and TSH (p=0.044) and FT4 (p=0.012) in the ICU. Accordingly, severity and mortality were similar in euthyroid and LT4-treated patients. On the other hand, FT3 was negatively related to age (p=0.012), independently of sex and body mass index in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients with low FT3 and older age showed a worse prognosis and higher levels of the COVID-19 severity markers IL-6 and IL-10 than patients with high FT3. IL-6 negatively correlated with FT3 (p=0.023) independently of age, body mass index and sex, whereas IL-10 positively associated with age (p=0.035) independently of FT3, body mass index and sex. A metabolomic cluster of 6 parameters defined low FT3 ward patients. Two parameters, esterified cholesterol (p=4.1x10-4) and small HDL particles (p=6.0x10-5) correlated with FT3 independently of age, body mass index and sex, whereas 3-hydroxybutyrate (p=0.010), acetone (p=0.076), creatinine (p=0.017) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) diameter (p=8.3x10-3) were associated to FT3 and also to age, with p-values of 0.030, 0.026, 0.017 and 8.3x10-3, respectively. In conclusion, no significant differences in FT3, cytokines, and metabolomic profile, or in severity and outcome of COVID-19, were found during hospitalization between euthyroid patients and hypothyroid patients treated with LT4. In addition, FT3 and age negatively correlate in COVID-19 patients and parameters that predict poor prognosis were associated with low FT3, and/or with age. A metabolomic cluster indicative of a high ketogenic profile defines non-critical hospitalized patients with low FT3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Amich
- Department of Emergency, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Medicina de Laboratorio (IML), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Escribano-Serrat
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Medicina de Laboratorio (IML), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alvarez
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, IML, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica García
- Hospital Pharmacy, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Bello
- Hospital Pharmacy, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Biosfer Teslab, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Torrejón
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, IML, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Emergency, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Aranda, ; Susana Alemany,
| | - Susana Alemany
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Aranda, ; Susana Alemany,
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