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Lv J, Liu B, Gong L, Chen X, Tian L, Li Y, Jiang J. Sludge disintegration and phosphorus migration in anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge by the addition of EDTA-2Na. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:1145-1155. [PMID: 34666628 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1996466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the addition of EDTA-2Na on sludge disintegration and phosphorus (P) migration during anaerobic fermentation (AF) of waste activated sludge (WAS) are investigated. The efficiency of sludge disintegration was positively correlated with the dose of EDTA-2Na from 0.5-2.0 g/g SS, and an enormous quantity of P was liberated into the aqueous phase, accompanied by sludge disintegration. The proper dose of EDTA-2Na for P release from WAS was 1.5 g/g SS, with an orthophosphate concentration of 394.72 mg/L. P release was more consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The migration of P species during AF with EDTA-2Na addition was also studied. Orthophosphate was the main species in both of the liquid phase and the loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), but organic P (OP) was much more abundant in tightly bound EPS. Inorganic P (IP) was the dominant P speciation in the solid and was mainly distributed in the fraction of non-apatite IP, which accounted for more than 62.8% of IP in the presence of EDTA-2Na. In addition, both IP and OP in the solid contributed to the accumulation of P and the former was outperformed. Furthermore, the increased total dissolved P mainly came from cells. However, the fermented sludge tended to be smaller and to have low compressibility, which is detrimental to its further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Lv
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingru Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Tian
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jishao Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Xu D, Lin H, Wang W, Yang H. Nutrient released characteristics of struvite-biochar fertilizer produced from concentrated sludge supernatant by fluidized bed reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116548. [PMID: 36308786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the exacerbating water eutrophication globally, it is important to recover nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from sewage for recycle. In this study, coconut shell biochar and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were added into the designed fluidized bed reactor (FBR) to create struvite-biochar. N and P released from struvite-biochar and the recovery efficiency of N and P from concentrated sludge supernatant were analyzed. Results showed that the optimal operation condition for hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, Mg/P molar ration, and addition amount EDTA were 90 min, 9.5, 1.2, and 0.2 g/L, respectively. The recovery efficiency of NH4+-N and PO43--P, and purity struvite for FBR were 34.41%-38.05%, 64.95-68.40%, and 84.15%, respectively. The recovery efficiency of NH4+-N and PO43--P were respectively increased by 7.23% and 5.36% when FBR with addition of 0.33 g/L coconut shell biochar, but purity struvite from struvite-biochar decreased by 45.70%. Contents of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr in struvite and struvite-biochar were all lower than Chinese Standard Limits of Fertilizer. Compared to commercial chemical fertilizer, such as superphosphate and urea, struvite-biochar and struvite have slowly released N and P. The amounts of released P, NO3--N and NH4+-N from struvite-biochar were higher than struvite during the five leaching times. Compared with struvite, the total amounts of released P, NO3--N and NH4+-N from struvite-biochar increased by 4.9%, 3.5% and 8.3%, respectively. Therefore, it is valuable to add biochar into FBR to recovery N and P from concentrated sludge supernatant and make struvite-biochar as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Li
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Defu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Haizhi Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Rapeseed Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550008, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
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Reza A, Chen L. Optimization and modeling of ammonia nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158321. [PMID: 36037895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During anaerobic digestion (AD) of liquid dairy manure, organic nitrogen converts to ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and subsequently escalates the NH3-N concentrations in manure. Among different available NH3-N removal processes treating anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure (ADLDM), vacuum thermal stripping is reported to be an effective technique. However, none of the studies have performed multi-parameter optimization, which is of utmost significance in maximizing process efficiency. In this study, critical operational parameters for vacuum thermal stripping of NH3-N from ADLDM were optimized and modeled for the first time via integrating grey relational analysis (GRA)-based Taguchi design, response surface methodology (RSM), and RSM-artificial neural network (ANN). The initial experimental trials conducted using the GRA coupled with Taguchi L16 orthogonal array revealed the order of influence of the process parameters on NH3-N removal as vacuum pressure (kPa) > temperature (°C) > treatment time (min) > mixing speed (rpm) > pH. The values of the first three most influential operating parameters were then further optimized and modeled using RSM and RSM-ANN models. Under the optimized conditions (temperature: 69.6 °C, vacuum pressure: 43.5 kPa, and treatment time: 87.65 min), the NH3-N removal efficiency of 93.58 ± 0.59 % was experimentally observed and was in line with the RSM and RSM-ANN models' predicted values. While the RSM-ANN model showed a better prediction potential than did the RSM model when compared statistically. Moreover, the nutrient contents (nitrogen, N and sulfur, S) of the recovered NH3-N as ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) were in reasonable agreement with the market-available (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer. The results presented in this study provide important insights into improving the treatment process performance and will help design and operate future pilot- and full-scale vacuum thermal stripping processes in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Reza
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID 83303-1827, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID 83303-1827, USA.
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Ding Y, Wu B, Xu Y, Liu Z, Dai X. Enhancing phosphorus recovery from efficient acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge with acidic cation exchange resin pretreatment: Insights from occurrence states and transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157534. [PMID: 35872200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving phosphorus (P) recovery during treatment and disposal of waste activated sludge (WAS) by anaerobic-based processes has received increasing attention. To solve the problem of low phosphorus release efficiency, anaerobic fermentation (AF) combined with acidic cation exchange resin (ACER) pretreatment was first proposed in this study. Results showed that the isoelectric point pretreatment with ACER increased the recoverable phosphorus content by 2.3 times compared to that without ACER pretreatment. Phosphorus transformation was systematically analyzed from a whole-process perspective, and the results visually revealed that the release of phosphorus during the conventional AF process (without ACER pretreatment) was limited by insufficient phosphorus release from extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and mineral precipitation, as well as the reprecipitation of soluble phosphorus with metals. ACER enabled effective dissolution of mineral phosphorus by acidifying WAS. On the other hand, ACER adsorbed metals to promote EPS disintegration and hydrolysis, thereby enhancing the release of EPS-bound P, which also reduced the reprecipitation of soluble phosphorus during AF. Furthermore, ACER pretreatment increased volatile fatty acids production by >2-fold with enhanced sludge hydrolysis. This finding has important implications for both non-renewable phosphorus recovery and sludge resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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5
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Company E, Farrés M, Colprim J, Magrí A. Exploring the recovery of potassium-rich struvite after a nitrification-denitrification process in pig slurry treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157574. [PMID: 35882320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of biological nitrogen (N) removal with struvite-type material recovery, which contained phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), was proved to be technically feasible in pig slurry treatment. Phosphate (PO4) salts were precipitated by raising the pH-value, using denitrified effluent and waste sludge purged from the bioreactor. When P was limiting, the unbalanced composition of the denitrified effluent resulted in low K-removal efficiency from the liquid phase; 10 % maximum when the initial pH-value was adjusted to 11.5 (93 % PO4-P recovery). By processing the waste sludge in two steps, using first ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as an acidifier to release PO4 while preventing calcium interference, the K-removal efficiency reached 25 % (75 % PO4-P recovery). When K was limiting, the addition of newberyite particles resulted in the highest K-removal efficiency, up to 90 % (under online pH control to 10.5). Overall, new opportunities are envisaged for producing second-generation fertilizers potentially containing 0-1 % N, 11-17 % P and 6-8 % K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Company
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Moisès Farrés
- Granges Terragrisa SL, Paratge de La Gleva, Camí de Burrissola s/n, E-08508 Les Masies de Voltregà (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jesús Colprim
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Albert Magrí
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Shashvatt U, Amurrio F, Blaney L. Ligand-Enabled Donnan Dialysis for Phosphorus Recovery from Alum-Laden Waste Activated Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13945-13953. [PMID: 36095332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While many nutrient recovery technologies target liquid waste streams, new strategies are required for effective phosphorus recovery from solid waste. This study reports an innovative ligand-enabled Donnan dialysis process to recover orthophosphate (P(V)) from alum-laden waste activated sludge (WAS). Four ligands, namely acetate, citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and oxalate, were evaluated for P(V) release from a synthetic sludge containing 5 mM P(V) and 25 mM Al(III) and a real, alum-laden WAS with similar contents. Citrate and EDTA released more than 95% of P(V) at doses of 30 mM, outperforming acetate and oxalate. The ligand-based solubilization strategy was coupled with Donnan dialysis to recover P(V) into a clean sodium chloride draw solution. After Donnan dialysis with the synthetic sludge, the P(V) recovery's order was as follows: EDTA (54.4%) > citrate (41.7%) > oxalate (4.3%). The P(V) recovery efficiencies were slightly lower for Donnan dialysis with real, alum-laden WAS, namely 45.1% and 25.2% for EDTA and citrate addition, respectively, due to competitive effects exerted by other dissolved species. These promising results successfully demonstrated the proof-of-concept for ligand-enabled Donnan dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Shashvatt
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Fabian Amurrio
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Electrochemical recovery of phosphate from synthetic wastewater with enhanced salinity. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Ammonium and Phosphate Recovery from Biogas Slurry: Multivariate Statistical Analysis Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Livestock biogas slurry is an effluent containing nutrients such as ammonium and phosphate that are released by the industries. Therefore, recovery and reuse of ammonium and phosphorus is highly necessary. In recent years, many studies have been devoted to the use of different multivariate statistical analyses to investigate the interrelationship of one factor to another factor. The overall objective of this research study was to understand the significance of phosphate and ammonium recovery from biogas slurry using the multivariate statistical approach. This study was conducted using a range of salts that are commonly found in biogas slurry (ZnCl2, FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3). Experiments with a biogas digester and aqueous solution were conducted at pH 9, with integration with NH4+, Mg2+, and PO43− molar ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate increased from 15.0% to 71.0% and 18.0% to 99.0%, respectively, by increasing the dose of respective ions K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and CO32−. The elements were increased from 58.0 to 71.0 for HCO3−, with the concentration increasing from 30 mg L−1 to 240 mg L−1. Principal component, regression, path analysis, and Pearson correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationships of phosphate and ammonium recovery under different biochar, pyrolysis temperature, element concentration and removal efficiencies. Multivariate statistical analysis was also used to comprehensively evaluate the biochar and struvite effects on recovery of ammonium and phosphate from biogas slurry. The results showed that combined study of multivariate statistics suggested that all the indicators positively or negatively affected each other. Pearson correlation was insignificant in many ionic concentrations, as all were more than the significant 0.05. The study concluded that temperature, biochar type, and varying levels of components, such as K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, CO32−, and HCO3−, all had a substantial impact on P and NH4+ recovery. Temperature and varying amounts of metal salts enhanced the efficacy of ammonium and phosphate recovery. This research elucidated the methods by which biochar effectively reuses nitrogen and phosphate from biogas slurry, presenting a long-term agricultural solution.
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Sathya K, Nagarajan K, Carlin Geor Malar G, Rajalakshmi S, Raja Lakshmi P. A comprehensive review on comparison among effluent treatment methods and modern methods of treatment of industrial wastewater effluent from different sources. APPLIED WATER SCIENCE 2022; 12:70. [PMID: 35340731 PMCID: PMC8935115 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-022-01594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, rapid development in the industrial sector has offered console to the people but at the same time, generates numerous amounts of effluent composed of toxic elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals that influences the environment and mankind hazardously. While the technological advancements are made in industrial effluent treatment, there arising stretch in the techniques directing on hybrid system that are effective in resource recovery from effluent in an economical, less time consuming and viable manner. The key objective of this article is to study, propose and deliberate the process and products obtained from different industries and the quantity of effluents produced, and the most advanced and ultra-modern theoretical and scientific improvements in treatment methods to remove those dissolved matter and toxic substances and also the challenges and perspectives in these developments. The findings of this review appraise new eco-friendly technologies, provide intuition into the efficiency in contaminants removal and aids in interpreting degradation mechanism of toxic elements by various treatment assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sathya
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, India
| | - K. Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, India
| | | | - S. Rajalakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, India
| | - P. Raja Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, India
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Lavanya A, Ramesh SKT. Crystal seed-enhanced ammonia nitrogen and phosphate recovery from landfill leachate using struvite precipitation technique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60569-60584. [PMID: 34156615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorous are limiting and crucial elements for all living organisms. The recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as struvite gained attention due to its ecofriendly fertilizer application. In the present study, feasible recovery of NH4+ -N available in the landfill leachate with addition of economically viable waste resources like sewage sludge and Mg2+ source as struvite is investigated. However, the fertilizer application of struvite depends upon its purity, which in turn is influenced by pH, molar ratio, and presence of other ions. Laboratory scale studies are conducted to find optimum pH and molar ratio. The results of the studies demonstrated the optimum pH being 9.5 along with PO43- -P: Mg2+: NH4+ -N molar ratio of 1:1.3:1 is the best condition for struvite formation. To further augment the struvite precipitation kaolinite seed is added to the solution and optimized seed dose is 20 g/L. Existence of Ca2+ and Na+ ions in the solution exhibits a negative impact on struvite precipitation. Response surface methodology is employed to understand the interactive influence of parameters on recovery efficiency. The recovered precipitate consists of 82.5% struvite with PO43- -P: Mg2+: NH4+ -N ratio 1:1.1:0.9. Also, bioavailability of PO43- -P in the recovered precipitate is 89.3%; this signifies high performance of precipitate as fertilizer. Economic assessment highlights that the struvite production is profitable and the profit gained is 159.5$/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addagada Lavanya
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India.
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Varma VS, Parajuli R, Scott E, Canter T, Lim TT, Popp J, Thoma G. Dairy and swine manure management - Challenges and perspectives for sustainable treatment technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146319. [PMID: 33721638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global dairy and swine production growth has increased significantly over the past decades, resulting in higher manure generation in certain areas and environmental concerns. Therefore, manure management is an essential focus for farmers and environmental regulators. Systematic selection of manure management practices can provide environmental benefits, but accounting for local constraints, economics and farming practices are significant challenges. All these factors drive the selection of appropriate manure management systems (MMSs). MMSs are highly varied for their design, partly due to individual farm settings, geography, and the end-use applications of manure. However, the benefits of technological advancements in MMSs provide higher manure treatment efficiency and co-production of value-added products such as recycled water, fiber, sand bedding, and nutrient-rich bio-solids, among others. To achieve higher environmental benefits, advanced manure treatment technologies have to be implemented, which comes with additional costs. So, there is a tradeoff between environmental benefits and cost. With the above prospects, this article reviews: 1) the different treatment technologies used in dairy and swine farms, 2) the life cycle assessment (LCA) method's importance in evaluating various treatment technologies for better environmental returns, and 3) decision support tools (DST) and their significance in MMSs prioritization. We found considerable heterogeneity in the available datasets, mainly on crucial parameters such as water consumption, types and amount of bedding materials, manure removal frequency, manure treatment technologies, and the extent of resource recovery. Thus, suitable environmental impact assessment inventory models are needed to evaluate a more comprehensive range of treatment technologies in MMSs, representing the spatial and farming system heterogeneities. There is also a need for user-friendly DST with adjustable inputs for the functional components of MMSs and evaluation criteria, which can rapidly evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of alternative systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vempalli Sudharsan Varma
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Ranjan Parajuli
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Erin Scott
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Tim Canter
- Food Systems and Bioengineering Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Teng Teeh Lim
- Food Systems and Bioengineering Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jennie Popp
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Greg Thoma
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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12
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Corona F, Hidalgo D, Martín-Marroquín JM, Meers E. Study of pig manure digestate pre-treatment for subsequent valorisation by struvite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24731-24743. [PMID: 33010012 PMCID: PMC9132833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the release of phosphorus contained in the digestate from the anaerobic digestion of pig manure, through an acidification process. The objective of this acidification is to increase the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction and, subsequently, recover this element by chemical precipitation in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate. Two digestate samples (one fresh and one old) were studied and treated by adding various amounts of sulphuric acid to the different digestate fractions (raw digestate, solid fraction and liquid fraction). For the raw digestate, phosphorus releases higher than 95% were obtained for pH 4.0. In the last part of the experiment, the influence of acid pre-treatment on the reaction yield of phosphorus precipitation, in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate, was determined. Improvements in reaction yield were obtained up to 15% for struvite and 80% for calcium phosphate, increasing also in 7.5 times the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction, for both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Corona
- CARTIF Centro Tecnológico, 47151, Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
- ITAP Institute, University of Valladolid, 47010, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Dolores Hidalgo
- CARTIF Centro Tecnológico, 47151, Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain.
- ITAP Institute, University of Valladolid, 47010, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Jesús María Martín-Marroquín
- CARTIF Centro Tecnológico, 47151, Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
- ITAP Institute, University of Valladolid, 47010, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Xu Y, Hu F, Wang X, Qu Y, Xu L, Liu Q. Improvement of phosphorus release from sludge by combined electrochemical-EDTA treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:1824-1833. [PMID: 33905355 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, combined with the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the electrochemical treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated to explore its effect on the release of phosphorus (P) from WAS. The results showed that during the electrochemical treatment, the addition of EDTA could significantly promote the release of P from the WAS to the supernatant, the optimal amount of EDTA was 0.4 g/g total suspended solids (TSS), when the release of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), organic phosphorus (OP) and molybdate reactive phosphorus (PO43--P) were 187.30, 173.84 and 13.46 mg/L, respectively. OP was the most likely form of P to be released during this process. Moreover, combined electrochemical-EDTA treatment could promote the release of P and metal ions from extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) to the supernatant, and increase the solubility and disintegration of sludge. EDTA chelated the metal ions of sludge flocs and phosphate precipitates to cause sludge floc decomposition, thereby promoting the release of P from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China E-mail:
| | - Fanglu Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China E-mail:
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China E-mail:
| | - Yangwei Qu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China E-mail:
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China E-mail:
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China E-mail:
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14
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The Recovery of Phosphate and Ammonium from Biogas Slurry as Value-Added Fertilizer by Biochar and Struvite Co-Precipitation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biowaste materials could be considered a renewable source of fertilizer if methods for recovering P from waste can be developed. Over the last few decades, there has been a high level of interest in using biochar to remove contaminants from aqueous solutions. This study was conducted using a range of salts that are commonly found in biogas slurry (ZnCl2, FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3). Experiments with a biogas digester and aqueous solution were conducted at pH nine integration with NH4+, Mg2+, and PO43− molar ratios of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The chemical analysis was measured to find out the composition of the precipitate, and struvite was employed to remove the aqueous solutions. The study found that the most efficient removal of phosphate and ammonium occurred at pH nine in Tongan sludge urban biochar and rice biochar, respectively. Increasing the concentration of phosphate and ammonium increased the phosphate and ammonium content. Moreover, increasing the biochar temperature and increasing the concentration of phosphate and ammonium increased the efficiency of the removal of ammonium and phosphate. The removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate increased from 15.0% to 71.0% and 18.0% to 99.0%, respectively, by increasing the dose of respective ions K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and CO32.The elements were increased from 58.0 to 71.0 for HCO3− with the increasing concentration from 30 mg L−1 to 240 mg L−1.This study concluded that phosphate and ammonium can be recovered from mushroom soil biochar and rice biochar, and phosphate can be effectively recovered via the struvite precipitation method.
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15
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Temizel-Sekeryan S, Wu F, Hicks AL. Life Cycle Assessment of Struvite Precipitation from Anaerobically Digested Dairy Manure: A Wisconsin Perspective. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:292-304. [PMID: 32716097 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recovering valuable nutrients (e.g., P and N) from waste materials has been extensively investigated at the laboratory scale. Although it has been shown that struvite precipitation from several manure sources contributes to nutrient management practices by recovering valuable nutrients and preventing them from reaching water bodies, it has not been widely applied in commercial (i.e., farm) scales. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of the struvite recovery process from the liquid portion of the anaerobically digested dairy cow manure generated in Wisconsin, USA, dairy farms using life cycle assessment methodology for both bench- and farm-scale scenarios. The struvite precipitation process involves the use of additional chemicals and energy; therefore, investigating upstream impacts is crucial to evaluate the environmental costs and benefits of this additional treatment process. Results indicate that up to a 78% impact decrease in eutrophication potential can be achieved when P and N are recovered in the form of struvite and are applied in lieu of conventional fertilizers, rather than using the liquid portion of the anaerobically digested dairy manure as a fertilizer. Additionally, significant differences are identified in the majority of environmental impact categories when the struvite precipitation process is modeled and evaluated in a farm-scale setting. Future work should expand to evaluate the overall environmental impacts and trade-offs of struvite recovery application, including the anaerobic digestion system itself at the farm scale. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:292-304. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila Temizel-Sekeryan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrea L Hicks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Jiang Y, Tian J, Ge F. New Insight into Carboxylic Acid Metabolisms and pH Regulations During Insoluble Phosphate Solubilisation Process by Penicillium oxalicum PSF-4. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:4095-4103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Advances in Struvite Precipitation Technologies for Nutrients Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Waste and Wastewater. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The abatement of nutrient compounds from aqueous waste and wastewater is currently a priority issue. Indeed, the uncontrolled discharge of high levels of nutrients into water bodies causes serious deteriorations of environmental quality. On the other hand, the increasing request of nutrient compounds for agronomic utilizations makes it strictly necessary to identify technologies able to recover the nutrients from wastewater streams so as to avoid the consumption of natural resources. In this regard, the removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from aqueous waste and wastewater as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) represents an attractive approach. Indeed, through the struvite precipitation it is possible to effectively remove the ammonium and phosphate content of many types of wastewater and to produce a solid compound, with only a trace of impurities. This precipitate, due to its chemical characteristics, represents a valuable multi-nutrients slow release fertilizer for vegetables and plants growth. For these reasons, the struvite precipitation technology constantly progresses on several aspects of the process. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the recent developments in this technology for the removal and recovery of nutrients from aqueous waste and wastewater. The theoretical background, the parameters, and the operating conditions affecting the process evolution are initially presented. After that, the paper focuses on the reagents exploitable to promote the process performance, with particular regard to unconventional low-cost compounds. In addition, the development of reactors configurations, the main technologies implemented on field scale, as well as the recent works on the use of struvite in agronomic practices are presented.
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Chuka-ogwude D, Ogbonna J, Moheimani NR. A review on microalgal culture to treat anaerobic digestate food waste effluent. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Integration of Microalgae Cultivation in a Biogas Production Process from Organic Municipal Solid Waste: From Laboratory to Pilot Scale. CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of integrating microalgae cultivation in a biogas production process that treats the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was investigated. In particular, the biomass growth performances in the liquid fraction of the digestate, characterized by high ammonia concentrations and turbidity, were assessed together with the nutrient removal efficiency. Preliminary laboratory-scale experiments were first carried out in photobioreactors operating in a continuous mode (Continuous-flow Stirred-Tank Reactor, CSTR), to gain preliminary data aimed at aiding the subsequent scaling up to a pilot scale facility. An outdoor experimental campaign, operated from July to October 2019, was then performed in a pilot scale raceway pond (4.5 m2), located in Arzignano (VI), Italy, to assess the performances under real environmental conditions. The results show that microalgae could grow well in this complex substrate, although dilution was necessary to enhance light penetration in the culture. In outdoor conditions, nitrification by autotrophic bacteria appeared to be significant, while the photosynthetic nitrogen removal was around 12% with respect to the inlet. On the other hand, phosphorus was almost completely removed from the medium under all the conditions tested, and a biomass production between 2–7 g m−2 d−1 was obtained.
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Ülgüdür N, Ergüder TH, Demirer GN. Simultaneous dissolution and uptake of nutrients in microalgal treatment of the secondarily treated digestate. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Pramanik BK, Hai FI, Ansari AJ, Roddick FA. Mining phosphorus from anaerobically treated dairy manure by forward osmosis membrane. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Non-airtight Fermentation of Dairy Manure with Waste Potato Peels and Subsequent Phosphorus Recovery via Struvite Precipitation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:789-802. [PMID: 31493158 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of lignocellulosic crop residues with animal wastes can efficiently generate more biogas compared with the digestion of animal waste alone. Non-airtight fermentation of the mixed substrates is the primary step to hydrolyze complex organics and achieve simultaneous phosphorus release. Recycling phosphorus from tremendous animal wastes is remarkably meaningful regarding non-renewable resource recovery. In this study, the feasibility of a two-step process combining non-airtight fermentation of potato peels with dairy manure and the following struvite precipitation was explored. The hydrolysis and acidification process of the 6-day non-airtight mesophilic fermentation lowered pH to 6.4 under the highest mixed solid content of 4.8%; meanwhile, the ratio of reactive phosphorus to total phosphorus increased from 49.6 to 93.7% accordingly. Struvite formation was successfully induced by adjusting pH to 8.0 and 9.5. Under these two pHs, the precipitates were dominated by struvite as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) results indicated that there should exist both struvite and calcium phosphate in the precipitates obtained under the two pHs. pH 8.0 precipitate should contain around 75% struvite, while the proportion rose to about 90% for pH 9.5 precipitate, based on the calculation of respective Mg/P and Ca/P molar ratios.
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Grigatti M, Boanini E, Bolzonella D, Sciubba L, Mancarella S, Ciavatta C, Marzadori C. Organic wastes as alternative sources of phosphorus for plant nutrition in a calcareous soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 93:34-46. [PMID: 31235055 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recycled organic wastes (OW) can be a valuable P source; however, their P-fertilising capacity is still poorly known. In this study, we selected three anaerobic digestates [wastewater sludge (D1), winery sludge (D2), and bovine-slurry/energy crops (BD)] and two animal effluents [bovine slurry (BS) and swine slurry (SS)] to test their P-release and P-fertilising capacities via sequential chemical extraction (SCE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). Subsequently, the three digestates (30 mg P kg-1 of soil) were compared for the release of Olsen-P during a soil incubation and for plant-P apparent recovery (ARF) in a pot experiment using ryegrass (112 days) in a soil with poorly available-P (Olsen-P < 5 mg kg-1), under a non-limiting N environment. The amount of labile-P (H2O + NaHCO3), as determined from SCE, related well to the Olsen-P following OW addition to the soil. It was shown via 31P NMR spectroscopy that orthophosphate was the leading P-form in highly P-releasing OW. The amount of labile-P, however, was affected by soil adsorption, thereby reducing plant-P uptake. The plant-P ARF (%) showed that the recycled P-sources were clustered in highly (BD and SS: ≈20%), intermediately (D1 and BS: ≈15%), and poorly performing OWs (D2: ≈10%) vs. chemical P-source (P-chem: 20%). Therefore, only BD and SS were effective alternatives to P-chem; however, the other OW can be efficient P-sources in soils with higher Olsen-P. Thus, crop fertilisation can be tailored on a P-basis by SCE as a function of soil adsorption capacity and on an N-basis according to the demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grigatti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Boanini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - David Bolzonella
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciubba
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Mancarella
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Ciavatta
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marzadori
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Peinemann JC, Krenz LMM, Pleissner D. Is seashell powder suitable for phosphate recovery from fermentation broth? N Biotechnol 2019; 49:43-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Muhmood A, Lu J, Dong R, Wu S. Formation of struvite from agricultural wastewaters and its reuse on farmlands: Status and hindrances to closing the nutrient loop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:1-13. [PMID: 30261440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To meet the needs of a fast growing global population, agriculture and livestock production have been intensified, resulting in environmental pollution, climate change, and soil health declining. Closing the nutrient circular loop is one of the most important sustainability factors that affect these issues. Apart from being a serious environmental issue, the discharge of N and P via agricultural wastewater is also a major factor that disturbs nutrient cycling in agriculture. In this study, the performance, in terms of recovery, of N and P (individually, as well as simultaneously) from agricultural wastewaters via struvite has been comparatively summarized. Details on the hindrances to nutrient recovery through struvite formation from agricultural effluents, along with strategies to overcome these hindrances, are provided. In addition, various strategies for recovery performance intensification and operational cost reduction are comprehensively discussed. This work will provide scientists and engineers with a better idea on how to solve the bottlenecks of this technique and integrate it successfully into their treatment systems, which will ultimately help close the nutrient loop in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs, Gade 6B, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000C, Denmark.
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Massey MS. X-Ray Spectroscopic Quantification of Struvite and Dittmarite Recovered from Wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:193-198. [PMID: 30640358 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.08.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from wastewater as struvite (MgNHPO⋅6HO) or dittmarite (MgNHPO⋅HO) can decrease water pollution risk, as well as produce a P-rich material suitable as fertilizer. However, most studies to date have focused on the removal of P from wastewater, rather than on characterization of the recovered P materials. The objective of this work was to apply microfocused X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and both bulk and microfused X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, to provide insight into the speciation of recovered P in various struvite-containing and struvite-like materials. Three materials were investigated: homogeneous crystalline struvite on apatite seed, homogeneous dittmarite, and heterogeneous struvite with sand contamination (referred to as the "sandy" material). The struvite materials were recovered from dairy wastewater, whereas the dittmarite was from a cheese processing plant. Phosphorus speciation in the crystalline struvite on apatite seed material was ∼17% apatite and 83% struvite; in the "sandy" material, P was ∼24% apatite and ∼76% struvite, with an uncertainty of approximately ±15%. The P -edge XANES spectra of recovered dittmarite appeared pure. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of recovered P materials and underscore the importance of P speciation to understand P release behavior and bioavailability from recovered phosphates.
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Shashvatt U, Benoit J, Aris H, Blaney L. CO 2-assisted phosphorus extraction from poultry litter and selective recovery of struvite and potassium struvite. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:19-27. [PMID: 29935400 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus recovery from industrialized poultry operations is necessary to ensure sustainable waste management and resource consumption. To realize these goals, an innovative, two-stage process chemistry has been developed to extract nutrients from poultry litter and recover value-added products. Over 75% phosphorus extraction was achieved by bubbling carbon dioxide into poultry litter slurries and adding strong acid to reach pH 4.5-5.5. After separating the nutrient-deficient poultry litter solids and the nutrient-rich liquid, the extract pH was increased through aeration and strong base addition. Over 95% of the extracted phosphorus was recovered as solid precipitate at pH 8.5-9.0. High-purity struvite and potassium struvite products were selectively recovered through pH control, introduction of a calcium-complexing agent, and addition of magnesium chloride. The nitrogen-to-phosphorus-to-potassium (NPK) ratio of the recovered solids was controlled through aeration and pH adjustment. Precipitation at pH 8.5-9.0 and 10.5-11.0 resulted in NPK ratios of 2.0:1.0:0.1 and 0.9:1.0:0.2, respectively. The process effluent was effectively recycled as makeup water for the subsequent batch of poultry litter, thereby decreasing water consumption and increasing overall nutrient recovery. Sequencing batch operation yielded greater than 70% phosphorus recovery within a 45-min process, demonstrating the potential for this technology to alleviate nutrient pollution in agricultural settings and generate an alternative supply of phosphorus fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Shashvatt
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Josh Benoit
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Hannah Aris
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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Lijó L, Frison N, Fatone F, González-García S, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Environmental and sustainability evaluation of livestock waste management practices in Cyprus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:127-140. [PMID: 29627535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the environmental performance and sustainability of different management options for livestock waste in Cyprus. The two most common practices in the country, i.e. the use of anaerobic lagoons and conventional biogas plants, were compared with the innovative scheme developed in the LiveWaste project (LIFE12 ENV/CY/000544), which aims not only to produce bioenergy, but also to treat the digestate for nutrient recovery and water reuse. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to compare the performance of these alternatives. Four relevant indicators were selected for each dimension of sustainability (environmental, social and economic). The results of the evaluations showed that anaerobic lagoons are not an appropriate option for the sustainable management of livestock waste due to environmental (e.g. climate change, acidification and eutrophication) and social impacts (e.g. noise exposure, visual impact and risk perception for human health). The most important strengths and weaknesses of anaerobic treatment with and without digestate treatment were identified. Compared to conventional anaerobic digestion where digestate is directly applied as an organic fertiliser, the technology proposed in the project entails higher technological complexity due to nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery. The rise in chemical and electricity requirements increased the impacts on some indicators, such as climate change and operational cost (emissions of greenhouse gases and operation costs were around 50% higher), while reduced impacts in others due to proper nutrient management, as acidification and eutrophication impacts (which were 10 and almost two times lower, respectively). For the specific Cypriot conditions, where the overapplication of nutrients leads to pollution of water bodies, the innovative treatment scheme with higher technological development presents an interesting approach. Nevertheless, the treatment of the digestate should be analysed taking into account the specific characteristics of each scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Lijó
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Nicola Frison
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Materials, Environmental and City Planning Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Szogi AA, Vanotti MB, Shumaker PD. Economic Recovery of Calcium Phosphates From Swine Lagoon Sludge Using Quick Wash Process and Geotextile Filtration. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Xu F, Khalaf A, Sheets J, Ge X, Keener H, Li Y. Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Piveteau S, Picard S, Dabert P, Daumer ML. Dissolution of particulate phosphorus in pig slurry through biological acidification: A critical step for maximum phosphorus recovery as struvite. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 124:693-701. [PMID: 28825986 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recycling phosphorus as struvite from pig slurry requires an acidification step to dissolve the inorganic solids containing most of the phosphorus. This study focused on the biological acidification of several pig slurries using sucrose as a model organic co-substrate. Lactic acid fermentation occurred systematically, dissolving 60-90% of TP (total phosphorus) and T-Mg (total magnesium) at pH 6 or lower. Optimal pH range for maximum P dissolution aimed at struvite recovery was 5.5-6. A simple model was developed correlating pH, sucrose and buffer capacity to optimize P dissolution and future recovery using real organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Piveteau
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044, Rennes, France; Univ de Bretagne Loire, France.
| | - Sylvie Picard
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044, Rennes, France; Univ de Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Patrick Dabert
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044, Rennes, France; Univ de Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Marie-Line Daumer
- Irstea, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé-CS 64427, F-35044, Rennes, France; Univ de Bretagne Loire, France
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Lee S, Jo W, Cho YC, Lee HH, Lee GW. Solution electrostatic levitator for measuring surface properties and bulk structures of an extremely supersaturated solution drop above metastable zone width limit. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:055101. [PMID: 28571425 DOI: 10.1063/1.4982363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first integrated apparatus for measuring surface and thermophysical properties and bulk structures of a highly supersaturated solution by combining electrostatic levitation with real-time laser/x-ray scattering. Even today, a proper characterization of supersaturated solutions far above their solubility limits is extremely challenging because heterogeneous nucleation sites such as container walls or impurities readily initiate crystallization before the measurements can be performed. In this work, we demonstrate simultaneous measurements of drying kinetics and surface tension of a potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) aqueous solution droplet and its bulk structural evolution beyond the metastable zone width limit. Our experimental finding shows that the noticeable changes of the surface properties are accompanied by polymerizations of hydrated monomer clusters. The novel electrostatic levitation apparatus presented here provides an effective means for studying a wide range of highly concentrated solutions and liquids in deep metastable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooheyong Lee
- Center for Creative Convergence Research, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | - Wonhyuk Jo
- Center for Creative Convergence Research, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Cho
- Center for Creative Convergence Research, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | - Hyun Hwi Lee
- Pohang Light Source, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Geun Woo Lee
- Center for Creative Convergence Research, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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33
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Latif MA, Mehta CM, Batstone DJ. Influence of low pH on continuous anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:42-49. [PMID: 28187349 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of low pH on single stage continuous anaerobic digestion was evaluated, with the goal of increasing soluble phosphorus (P) concentration to mitigate in-reactor P precipitation. This was performed at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 using 1 L stirred-tank mesophilic reactors fed with sewage waste activated sludge. Low pH (5.5) caused a significant (p < 0.01) increase in soluble P concentration up to 79% of the total P, while methane yield was reduced by 50%. Total volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand concentrations increased from 40 to 504 mg L-1 and 600 to 2017 mg L-1 respectively, as the pH was reduced from 7.0 to 5.5. Higher concentrations of propionic acid (370-430 mg L-1) were found at low pH (5.5). The reduction in methane yield was associated with a shift in microbial community and decreased destruction of particulate organics. Acidogens dominated at low pH (< 6.0), while methanogens decreased by 88% at pH 5.5 compared to neutral pH. Apart from the loss in methanogenic and hydrolytic capacity, chemical needs for acid dosing to maintain low pH conditions, and other negative impacts of chemical dosing were identified as key limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Latif
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Chirag M Mehta
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg. (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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34
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Zou J, Zhang L, Wang L, Li Y. Enhancing phosphorus release from waste activated sludge containing ferric or aluminum phosphates by EDTA addition during anaerobic fermentation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:601-608. [PMID: 28049110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) addition on phosphorus release from biosolids and phosphate precipitates during anaerobic fermentation was investigated. Meanwhile, the impact of EDTA addition on the anaerobic fermentation process was revealed. The results indicate that EDTA addition significantly enhanced the release of phosphorus from biosolids, ferric phosphate precipitate and aluminum phosphate precipitate during anaerobic fermentation, which is attributed to the complexation of metal ions and damage of cell membrane caused by EDTA. With the optimal EDTA addition of 19.5 mM (0.41 gEDTA/gSS), phosphorus release efficiency from biosolids was 82%, which was much higher than that (40%) without EDTA addition. Meanwhile, with 19.5 mM EDTA addition, almost all the phosphorus in ferric phosphate precipitate was released, while only 57% of phosphorus in aluminum phosphate precipitate was released. This indicates that phosphorus in ferric phosphate precipitate was much easier to be released than that in aluminum phosphate precipitate during anaerobic fermentation of sludge. In addition, proper EDTA addition facilitated the production of soluble total organic carbon and volatile fatty acids, as well as solid reduction during sludge fermentation, although methane production could be inhibited. Therefore, EDTA addition can be used as an alternative method for recovering phosphorus from waste activated sludge containing ferric or aluminum precipitates, as well as recovery of soluble carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinte Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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35
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Verstraete W, Clauwaert P, Vlaeminck SE. Used water and nutrients: Recovery perspectives in a 'panta rhei' context. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 215:199-208. [PMID: 27184651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to secure global supplies in safe water and proteinaceous food in an eco-sustainable manner, as manifested from tensions in the nexus Nutrients-Energy-Water-Environment-Land. This paper is concept based and provides solutions based on resource recovery from municipal and industrial wastewater and from manure. A set of decisive factors is reviewed facilitating an attractive business case. Our key message is that a robust barrier must clear the recovered product from its original status. Besides refined inorganic fertilizers, a central role for five types of microbial protein is proposed. A resource cycling solution for the extremely confined environment of space habitation should serve as an incentive to assimilate a new user mindset. To achieve the ambitious goal of sustainable food security, the solutions suggested here need a broad implementation, hand in hand with minimizing losses along the entire fertilizer-feed-food-fork chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Clauwaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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36
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Mayer BK, Baker LA, Boyer TH, Drechsel P, Gifford M, Hanjra MA, Parameswaran P, Stoltzfus J, Westerhoff P, Rittmann BE. Total Value of Phosphorus Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6606-20. [PMID: 27214029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a critical, geographically concentrated, nonrenewable resource necessary to support global food production. In excess (e.g., due to runoff or wastewater discharges), P is also a primary cause of eutrophication. To reconcile the simultaneous shortage and overabundance of P, lost P flows must be recovered and reused, alongside improvements in P-use efficiency. While this motivation is increasingly being recognized, little P recovery is practiced today, as recovered P generally cannot compete with the relatively low cost of mined P. Therefore, P is often captured to prevent its release into the environment without beneficial recovery and reuse. However, additional incentives for P recovery emerge when accounting for the total value of P recovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the range of benefits of recovering P from waste streams, i.e., the total value of recovering P. This approach accounts for P products, as well as other assets that are associated with P and can be recovered in parallel, such as energy, nitrogen, metals and minerals, and water. Additionally, P recovery provides valuable services to society and the environment by protecting and improving environmental quality, enhancing efficiency of waste treatment facilities, and improving food security and social equity. The needs to make P recovery a reality are also discussed, including business models, bottlenecks, and policy and education strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Lawrence A Baker
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & Environment (ESSIE), University of Florida , P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States
| | - Pay Drechsel
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Mac Gifford
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 660 South College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Munir A Hanjra
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), P.O. Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Prathap Parameswaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University , 2118 Fiedler Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jared Stoltzfus
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University , 800 South Cady Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , 660 South College Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
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37
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Tao W, Fattah KP, Huchzermeier MP. Struvite recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure: A review of application potential and hindrances. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 169:46-57. [PMID: 26720329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobically digested dairy manure is rich in ammonium, orthophosphates, and magnesium, indicating a high potential for struvite recovery. Continuous generation of large amounts of dairy manure plus increasing global interest in anaerobic digestion of dairy manure suggest a huge market for struvite production with anaerobically digested dairy manure. However, the complex chemical composition of digested dairy manure presents hindrances to struvite recovery. This review paper assesses the significance and potential of struvite recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure, identifies the factors hindering struvite recovery, and discusses the methods to overcome hindrances and the measures to improve phosphorus speciation of dairy manure for struvite formation. This paper proposes using "struvite recovery potential" or Pstruvite based on the least molar activity of struvite component ions in addition to "supersaturation ratio" to identify the potential for struvite recovery. The probable hindrances mainly include high Ca(2+) concentration and molar activity ratios of Ca(2+): Mg(2+) and Ca(2+): PO4(3-), high ionic strength, and high alkalinity. Struvite formation and purity is likely a function of all the interfering variables, rather than just a single factor with digested dairy manure. Potential enhancement measures need to be tested for technical and economic feasibility and applicability to various sources of digested dairy manure. This review paper provides guidance to overcoming the hindrances of digested dairy manure to struvite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Baker 402, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Kazi P Fattah
- Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah, PO Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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38
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Kataki S, West H, Clarke M, Baruah DC. Phosphorus recovery as struvite from farm, municipal and industrial waste: Feedstock suitability, methods and pre-treatments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 49:437-454. [PMID: 26775756 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Global population growth requires intensification of agriculture, for which a sustainable supply of phosphorus (P) is essential. Since natural P reserves are diminishing, recovering P from wastes and residues is an increasingly attractive prospect, particularly as technical and economic potential in the area is growing. In addition to providing phosphorus for agricultural use, precipitation of P from waste residues and effluents lessens their nutrient loading prior to disposal. This paper critically reviews published methods for P recovery from waste streams (municipal, farm and industrial) with emphasis on struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) crystallisation, including pre-treatments to maximise recovery. Based on compositional parameters of a range of wastes, a Feedstock Suitability Index (FSI) was developed as a guide to inform researchers and operators of the relative potential for struvite production from each waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampriti Kataki
- Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India.
| | - Helen West
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michèle Clarke
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - D C Baruah
- Energy Conservation Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India.
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39
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Sheets JP, Yang L, Ge X, Wang Z, Li Y. Beyond land application: Emerging technologies for the treatment and reuse of anaerobically digested agricultural and food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 44:94-115. [PMID: 26235446 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment and reuse of the massive quantities of agricultural and food wastes generated daily has the potential to improve the sustainability of food production systems. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is used throughout the world as a waste treatment process to convert organic waste into two main products: biogas and nutrient-rich digestate, called AD effluent. Biogas can be used as a source of renewable energy or transportation fuels, while AD effluent is traditionally applied to land as a soil amendment. However, there are economic and environmental concerns that limit widespread land application, which may lead to underutilization of AD for the treatment of agricultural and food wastes. To combat these constraints, existing and novel methods have emerged to treat or reuse AD effluent. The objective of this review is to analyze several emerging methods used for efficient treatment and reuse of AD effluent. Overall, the application of emerging technologies is limited by AD effluent composition, especially the total solid content. Some technologies, such as composting, use the solid fraction of AD effluent, while most other technologies, such as algae culture and struvite crystallization, use the liquid fraction. Therefore, dewatering of AD effluent, reuse of the liquid and solid fractions, and land application could all be combined to sustainably manage the large quantities of AD effluent produced. Issues such as pathogen regrowth and prevalence of emerging organic micro-pollutants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Sheets
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Department of Health Sciences, Illinois State University, 324 Felmley Hall, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- The Ohio State University ATI, 1328 Dover Rd, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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40
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Latif MA, Mehta CM, Batstone DJ. Low pH anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge for enhanced phosphorous release. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 81:288-293. [PMID: 26081435 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper assesses anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) at low pH to enhance phosphorous solubility. Batch biochemical methane potential tests were conducted at a pH range of 5 to 7.2 in two separate sets (two different WAS samples collected from municipal WWTP). Low pH (<5.7) caused a significant (p = 0.004) decrease in methane potential (B0) up to 33% and 3.6 times increase in phosphorus release compared to neutral pH (7-7.7), but with no major change in methane production rate coefficient (khyd). The loss in methane yield was mainly due to decrease in hydrolytic capability rather than inhibition of methanogenesis with volatile fatty acids being <300 mgCOD L(-1) and soluble COD <1300 mgCOD L(-1) even at low pH. While pH did not influence the acetoclastic community (Methanosaeta dominated), it was the primary driver for the remaining community (p = 0.004), and caused a loss of diversity and shift to Clostridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Latif
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Chirag M Mehta
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), Level 4, Gehrmann Bldg (60), Research Road, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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41
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Zhang H, Lo VK, Thompson JR, Koch FA, Liao PH, Lobanov S, Mavinic DS, Atwater JW. Recovery of phosphorus from dairy manure: a pilot-scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1398-1404. [PMID: 25420588 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.991354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus was recovered from dairy manure via a microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP) followed by struvite crystallization in a pilot-scale continuous flow operation. Soluble phosphorus in dairy manure increased by over 50% after the MW/H2O2-AOP, and the settleability of suspended solids was greatly improved. More than 50% of clear supernatant was obtained after microwave treatment, and the maximum volume of supernatant was obtained at a hydrogen peroxide dosage of 0.3% and pH 3.5. By adding oxalic acid into the supernatant, about 90% of calcium was removed, while more than 90% of magnesium was retained. As a result, the resulting solution was well suited for struvite crystallization. Nearly 95% of phosphorus in the treated supernatant was removed and recovered as struvite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University of British Columbia , 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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42
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Schoumans OF, Bouraoui F, Kabbe C, Oenema O, van Dijk KC. Phosphorus management in Europe in a changing world. AMBIO 2015; 44 Suppl 2:S180-92. [PMID: 25681976 PMCID: PMC4329153 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Food production in Europe is dependent on imported phosphorus (P) fertilizers, but P use is inefficient and losses to the environment high. Here, we discuss possible solutions by changes in P management. We argue that not only the use of P fertilizers and P additives in feed could be reduced by fine-tuning fertilization and feeding to actual nutrient requirements, but also P from waste has to be completely recovered and recycled in order to close the P balance of Europe regionally and become less dependent on the availability of P-rock reserves. Finally, climate-smart P management measures are needed, to reduce the expected deterioration of surface water quality resulting from climate-change-induced P loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fayçal Bouraoui
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability, European Commission - DG Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA Italy
| | - Christian Kabbe
- Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH, Cicerosstrasse 24, 10709 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oene Oenema
- Alterra Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimo C. van Dijk
- Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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43
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Muryanto S, Bayuseno A. Influence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ as additives on crystallization kinetics and morphology of struvite. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Srinivasan A, Nkansah-Boadu F, Liao PH, Lo KV. Effects of acidifying reagents on microwave treatment of dairy manure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:532-539. [PMID: 24813989 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.896681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dairy manure, acidified using organic acids (acetic, oxalic, and citric acid) were treated with microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H2O2-AOP). The effect of a mixture of oxalic acid and commonly used mineral acids (sulfuric and hydrochloric acid) on MW/H2O2-AOP was also examined. Substantial amounts of phosphorus were released under MW/H2O2-AOP, regardless of organic acid or mineral acid used. All three organic acids were good acidifying reagents; however, only oxalic acid could remove free calcium ion in the solution, and improve settleability of dairy manure. The MW/H2O2-AOP and calcium removal process could be combined into a single-stage process, which could release phosphate, solubilize solids and remove calcium from dairy manure at the same time. A mixture of oxalic acid and mineral acid produced the maximum volume of clear supernatant and had an ideal molar ratio of calcium to magnesium for effective struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) crystallization process. A single-stage MW/H2O2-AOP would simplify the process and reduce mineral acid consumption compared to a two-stage operation. The results of a pilot scale study demonstrate that MW/H2O2-AOP is effective in treating manure and recovering resource from dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Srinivasan
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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45
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Gasser MO, Chantigny MH, Angers DA, Bittman S, Buckley KE, Rochette P, Massé D. Plant-available and water-soluble phosphorus in soils amended with separated manure solids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:1290-1300. [PMID: 22751074 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical, chemical, or biological treatment of animal liquid manure generally produces a dry-matter rich fraction (DMF) that contains most of the initial phosphorus (P). Our objective was to assess the solubility and plant availability of P from various DMFs as a function of soil P status. Eight different DMFs were obtained from liquid swine (LSM) and dairy cattle (LDC) manures treated by natural decantation, anaerobic digestion, chemical flocculation, composting, or mechanical separation. The DMFs were compared with mineral P fertilizer in a pot experiment with oat ( L.) grown in four soils with varied P-fixing capacities and P saturation levels. The DMFs were added at a rate of 50 mg P kg soil and incubated 14 d before seeding. Soil water-extractable P (P) at all water:soil extraction ratios (2:1, 20:1, and 200:1) was slightly higher when DMFs were derived from LDC rather than LSM. Soil P at the 2:1 ratio was lower with anaerobically digested LSM. At the 2:1 extraction ratio, DMF P was less soluble than mineral P as P saturation in soils increased. In soils with a lower P-fixing capacity, DMF P appeared less water soluble than mineral P under 20:1 and 200:1 extraction ratios. After 72 d of plant growth, DMFs produced yields comparable to mineral P fertilizer. Although the plant availability of P from DMFs was comparable to mineral P fertilizer, P from DMFs could be less vulnerable to leaching or runoff losses in soils with a high P saturation level or low P-fixing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-O Gasser
- Institut de recherche et de developpement en agroenvironnement, Quebec
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46
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Huchzermeier MP, Tao W. Overcoming challenges to struvite recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2012; 84:34-41. [PMID: 22368825 DOI: 10.2175/106143011x13183708018887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recovering struvite from dairy manure has consistently posed problems for researchers. This study separated solids from anaerobically digested dairy manure using a filtration system. Filtrate was rich in free magnesium (160 to 423 mg/L), ammonium (320 to 1800 mg N/L) and orthophosphate (93 to 332 mg P/L). High concentrations of free calcium (128 to 361 mg/L) and alkalinity (3309 to 6567 mg/L as CaCO3), however, may hinder struvite precipitation. Batch precipitation tests were conducted to identify and overcome factors that interfere with struvite formation. Precipitation tests at pH 9 identified calcium and ionic strength as most probable interferences. Calcium addition did not significantly change phosphorus removal efficiency, but decreased struvite purity because of formation of calcium phosphates when Ca:P activity ratio was greater than 0.5 to 1. Batch tests demonstrated effective calcium removal from anaerobically digested dairy manure through precipitation of calcium carbonate at pH 9 to 10 while retaining magnesium and orthophosphate, lessening hindrance to struvite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Huchzermeier
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Rittmann BE, Mayer B, Westerhoff P, Edwards M. Capturing the lost phosphorus. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:846-53. [PMID: 21377188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Minable phosphorus (P) reserves are being depleted and will need to be replaced by recovering P that currently is lost from the agricultural system, causing water-quality problems. The largest two flows of lost P are in agricultural runoff and erosion (∼46% of mined P globally) and animal wastes (∼40%). These flows are quite distinct. Runoff has a very high volumetric flow rate, but a low P concentration; animal wastes have low flow rates, but a high P concentration together with a high concentration of organic material. Recovering the lost P in animal wastes is technically and economically more tractable, and it is the focus for this review of promising P-capture technologies. P capture requires that organic P be transformed into inorganic P (phosphate). For high-strength animal wastes, P release can be accomplished in tandem with anaerobic treatment that converts the energy value in the organic matter to CH(4), H(2), or electricity. Once present as phosphate, the P can be captured in a reusable form by four approaches. Most well developed is precipitation as magnesium or calcium solids. Less developed, but promising are adsorption to iron-based adsorbents, ion exchange to phosphate-selective solids, and uptake by photosynthetic microorganisms or P-selective proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, PO Box 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
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