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Napper LE, Kenney SR, Johnson NL, Wolter LC, Orchowski LM. College students' perceptions of positive and negative drinking-related sexual experiences. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38713853 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2338421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: During young adulthood, drinking and sexual behaviors are both normative and inextricably linked. While this association is well documented, little is known about how students define positive and negative drinking-related sexual experiences. Methods: Thirty-five undergraduates participated in a focus group about sexual experiences in the context of drinking. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify themes in the data. Results: Students' descriptions of positive drinking-related sexual encounters included having a good time, feeling safe, maintaining control over alcohol, as well as feeling safe in drinking contexts where sexual partners are located. Students' perceptions of negative experiences included specific consequences such as a damaged reputation, loss of control due to alcohol, and concern of engagement in sex when they or a partner was too intoxicated to consent. Conclusion: Gaining a better understanding of how college students view positive and negative drinking-related sexual experiences could inform interventions aimed at promoting student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Napper
- Department of Psychology and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon R Kenney
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole L Johnson
- College of Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura C Wolter
- Department of Psychology and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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2
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Harvey AJ, White C, Madelin K, Morrison E. Impaired face symmetry detection under alcohol, but no 'beer goggles' effect. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:268-279. [PMID: 38069489 PMCID: PMC10944579 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231215592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'beer goggles' phenomenon describes sexual attraction to individuals when alcohol intoxicated whom we would not desire when sober. One possible explanation of the effect is that alcohol impairs the detection of facial asymmetry, thus lowering the drinker's threshold for physical attraction. AIMS We therefore tested the hypotheses that higher breath alcohol drinkers would award more generous ratings of attractiveness to asymmetrical faces, and be poorer at discriminating bilateral facial asymmetry than less intoxicated counterparts. METHODS Ninety-nine male and female bar patrons rated 18 individual faces for attractiveness and symmetry. Each type of rating was given twice, once per face with an enhanced asymmetry and once again for each face in its natural form. Participants then judged which of two same-face versions (one normal, the other perfectly symmetrised) was more attractive and, in the final task, more symmetrical. RESULTS Alcohol had no influence on attractiveness judgements but higher blood alcohol concentrations were associated with higher symmetry ratings. Furthermore, as predicted, heavily intoxicated individuals were less able to distinguish natural from perfectly symmetrised face versions than more sober drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Findings therefore suggest alcohol impairs face asymmetry detection, but it seems that this perceptual distortion does not contribute to the 'beer goggles' phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciara White
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Ed Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, UK
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3
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Livingston JA, Wiseblatt A, Biehler KM, Shaw RJ, Read JP. College Women's Perceptions of a Friend-Based Intervention to Prevent Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assault. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 5:66-92. [PMID: 38756911 PMCID: PMC11095841 DOI: 10.1177/26320770231201979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Sexual assault (SA), particularly alcohol-involved SA, remains prevalent among college women. Because SA often begins in social contexts, bystander intervention has become a popular approach to prevention. Bystander interventions train individuals to intervene on behalf of others, including strangers, despite research indicating that intervention is more likely to occur when the bystander has a relationship with the target. Shifting the focus to friends as potential bystanders capitalizes on the qualities of relationship and responsibility that facilitate intervention. College women (N = 35) participated in focus groups (N = 8) during which they viewed a video prototype of a friend-based motivational interviewing (FMI) intervention session conducted with a friend dyad and provided feedback about the relevance and feasibility of using such an approach to reduce SA among friends who drink together in social settings. Content analysis of focus group transcripts yielded three themes: a) Friends as Natural Bystanders; b) The Role of Alcohol in Intervention, and c) Receptivity to FMI intervention. Women indicated that they feel responsible for keeping their friends safe, and that this sense of responsibility facilitates helping behaviors. Women also described ways through which alcohol intoxication can affect helping behavior. Women expressed enthusiasm for the FMI intervention approach and identified its emphasis on friendship and flexible approaches to personal safety as strengths. Findings highlight the promise of FMI intervention approaches that capitalize on the strengths of women's friendship to create safety goals that align with participants' values and overcome barriers to intervention, including alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aria Wiseblatt
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Kaitlyn M Biehler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Rachael J Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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4
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Livingston JA, Wang W, Nickerson AB, Testa M. Sexual Victimization in Adolescence: Pathways of Risk from Sexual Harassment via Risky Alcohol Use and Delinquency Among U.S. Adolescents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2823-2834. [PMID: 36940045 PMCID: PMC10509313 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexual harassment is a common, yet understudied form of peer victimization experienced by adolescents during a critical period in the development of sexual identity. Adverse sexual experiences early in life (e.g., child sexual abuse) can increase risk of future sexual assault victimization; however, it is unclear as to whether sexual harassment victimization is also a risk factor for sexual assault. We examined the prospective association between peer sexual harassment and experiencing sexual victimization in the following year among a community sample of 13-15-year-old adolescents (N = 800, 57% female) from the northeastern USA. We also examined whether risky alcohol use and delinquency mediated the association between sexual harassment and sexual assault victimization, as well as whether the paths differed by gender. Results indicated that sexual harassment victimization prospectively predicted later sexual victimization for both girls and boys. Using a parallel mediation path model, we determined that for girls, sexual harassment victimization predicted both risky alcohol use and delinquency, but only risky alcohol use was predictive of sexual victimization. For boys, sexual harassment victimization predicted delinquency but not risky alcohol use. Risky alcohol use was not associated with sexual victimization for boys. Findings indicate that sexual harassment victimization increases risk of later sexual victimization in adolescence, but the pathways differ by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Livingston
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 301D Wende Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 301D Wende Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Amanda B Nickerson
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute On Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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5
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Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. It's not just drinking, but where you drink: A daily diary study of drinking venue effects on sexual activity with new partners. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107607. [PMID: 36652812 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that young adults' drinking is positively associated with sexual activity with new partners. While pharmacologic effects of alcohol (e.g., impaired sexual decision-making) can contribute to sexual activity with new partners, the context in which alcohol is consumed may also be important. We tested the hypothesis that drinking venues such as parties and bars increase the likelihood of sexual activity with new partners beyond any pharmacological effects of drinking quantity. Participants were 427 first-year men (aged 18-19). They reported on their relationship status and sociosexuality (i.e., attitudes/behaviors related to casual sex) at baseline and completed daily diary reports of drinking events (including number of drinks and venue) and sexual activity with new or previous partners over the span of 56 days. Drinking events at parties/bars (but not at home) increased the odds of sexual activity in the next four hours with new partners (but not with previous partners), even after controlling for the number of drinks consumed. Parties/bars are an integral part of facilitating sexual activity with new partners, and have effects independent of pharmacological alcohol effects, which has implications for reducing alcohol-related risky sexual activity. Interventions should not only target alcohol consumption, but where consumption takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S E Hone
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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6
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Axinn WG, Vale MD, Brauner-Otto SR. Student reports of attendance at programs to reduce campus sexual assault and harassment. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:543-553. [PMID: 33891525 PMCID: PMC8536793 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1898405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors independently associated with program participation and knowledge of campus processes to address sexual assault and harassment complaints. PARTICIPANTS 1,182 undergraduates who completed the University of Michigan's 2015 campus climate survey on topics of sexual assault and harassment (67% response rate). METHODS We analyze survey responses to estimate multivariable models that identify subgroups of the student population least likely to have participated in programs or to know campus processes. RESULTS Students living off campus, not involved in major organizations, and males are less likely to report attending programming. Students not involved in major organizations and females are less likely to report knowing campus processes. CONCLUSIONS Specific student subpopulations are more difficult to engage in programs designed to reduce sexual assault and harassment. Targeting additional effort to these groups may improve campus sexual climate. Careful analyses of campus climate survey data can help construct campus-specific priorities for these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Axinn
- Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mira D. Vale
- Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Kilpatrick DG, Hahn CK. Understanding and Addressing Alcohol and Sexual Violence: We Have Made Progress but Still Have Miles to Go. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24426-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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8
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Livingston JA, Wang W, Testa M, Derrick JL, Nickerson AB, Miller KE, Haas JL, Espelage DL. Peer sexual harassment, affect, and substance use: Daily level associations among adolescents. J Adolesc 2022; 94:955-968. [PMID: 35861282 PMCID: PMC9547839 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peer sexual harassment is associated with adolescent substance use at the global level; however, it is unknown whether substance use occurs proximal in time to the sexual harassment experience. This study used daily reports to examine the proximal relations between sexual harassment victimization and affect and substance use. Based on theories of self-medication, we hypothesized that negative affect and substance use (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) would be higher than typical on days when sexual harassment occurred relative to nonvictimization days. METHOD A community sample of 13-16-year-old adolescents (N = 204, 55.4% female) from a metropolitan area in the northeastern United States completed 56 days of online reports assessing experiences with peer sexual harassment, substance use (cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana), and positive and negative affect. RESULTS Multilevel modeling revealed that experiencing sexual harassment on a given day was associated with higher than typical negative affect on that day, relative to nonvictimization days. The likelihood of cigarette and alcohol use (but not electronic cigarettes, marijuana, or positive affect) was greater on days when sexual harassment occurred. CONCLUSION Sexual harassment victimization is proximally associated with negative affect and alcohol and cigarette use, suggesting that adolescents may be using substances to cope with sexual harassment victimization. The co-occurrence of sexual harassment with negative affect and substance use points to the need for prevention efforts that conjointly address sexual harassment victimization, coping, and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Livingston
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 301D Wende Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 301D Wende Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Park Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Jaye L. Derrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5022
| | - Amanda B. Nickerson
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 428 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1000
| | - Kathleen E. Miller
- Department of Social Sciences, D’Youville College, SASE 242, Buffalo, NY 14201
| | - Jennifer L Haas
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Dorothy L. Espelage
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 103 Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, 27599
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9
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Orchowski LM, Oesterle DW, Moreno O, Yusufov M, Berkowitz A, Abbey A, Barnett NP, Borsari B. A Qualitative Analysis of Sexual Consent among Heavy-drinking College Men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5566-NP5593. [PMID: 32990140 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to examine how heavy-drinking college men describe communication of sexual interest and sexual consent. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 heavy-drinking college men identified three themes. Themes included: (a) expectations about parties and sexual activity, (b) observing and communicating sexual interest, and (c) communication of sexual consent. Men reported visiting drinking environments to locate women who they assumed would be open to sexual advances. In these environments, sexual interest was inferred indirectly through shared alcohol use. Anticipating token resistance men reported "trying and trying again" to pursue escalating types of sexual activity. Consent was inferred when participants did not hear "no" from a sexual partner, highlighting the importance of continued education on verbal consent in the context of sexual assault prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oswaldo Moreno
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Miryam Yusufov
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | | | | | | | - Brian Borsari
- San Franisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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10
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Brady SS, Jefferson SC, Saliares E, Porta CM, Patrick ME. Sex in the Context of Substance Use: A Study of Perceived Benefits and Risks, Boundaries, and Behaviors among Adolescents Participating in an Internet-Based Intervention. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:1741-1764. [PMID: 34792691 PMCID: PMC10260373 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Little research has examined adolescents' perspectives of sex with substance use. This study examined (1) adolescents' perceived benefits and risks of sex with substance use, as well as boundaries; (2) the potential for positive and negative social influences among adolescents when they discuss these topics; and (3) whether exposure to health-promoting content is associated with trajectories of sex with substance use over a 6-month period. To address the first two objectives, 176 comments were analyzed from 71 adolescents (90% female) aged 14-18 years who participated in an Internet-based sexual health promotion intervention and posted to at least one message board addressing sex with substance use. Adolescents' perceived benefits and risks of sex with substance use primarily reflected concern for the experience of sex in the moment; perceived risks and boundaries primarily reflected concern for the ability to develop and maintain meaningful relationships. Comments of 63% and 22% of adolescents, respectively, were evaluated to have potential for health-promoting and risk-promoting social influence. To address the third objective, trajectories of self-reported sex with substance use were compared between 89 intervention and 54 control participants. No significant differences were observed. However, a dose-response effect was observed; intervention participants who completed less than one third of assigned tasks reported increases in sex with alcohol or marijuana use over time, while no marked changes or much smaller changes in sex with substance use were observed among intervention participants who completed one third or more tasks. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya S Brady
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Suzanne C Jefferson
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health Alumni, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Carolyn M Porta
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Hunt G, Sanders E, Petersen MA, Bogren A. "BLURRING THE LINE:" INTOXICATION, GENDER, CONSENT AND SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS. CONTEMPORARY DRUG PROBLEMS 2022; 49:84-105. [PMID: 36092964 DOI: 10.1177/00914509211058900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Social concern about sexual practices and sexual consent among young adults has increased significantly in recent years, and intoxication has often played a key role in such debates. While many studies have long suggested that alcohol plays a role in facilitating (casual) sexual encounters, intoxication has largely either been conceptualized as a risk factor, or researchers have focused on the pharmacological effects of alcohol on behaviors associated with sexual interaction and consent. To date little work has explored how young adults define and negotiate acceptable and unacceptable levels of intoxication during sexual encounters, nor the ways in which different levels of intoxication influence gendered sexual scripts and meanings of consent. This paper explores the latter two research questions using data from 145 in-depth, qualitative interviews with cisgender, heterosexual young adults ages 18-25 in the San Francisco Bay Area. In examining these interview data, by exploring the relationship between intoxication and sexual consent, and the ways in which gender plays out in notions of acceptable and unacceptable intoxicated sexual encounters, we highlight how different levels of intoxication signal different sexual scripts. Narratives about sexual encounters at low levels of intoxication highlighted the role of intoxication in achieving sexual sociability, but they also relied on the notion that intoxicated consent was dependent on the social relationship between the partners outside drinking contexts. Narratives about sexual encounters in heavy drinking situations were more explicitly gendered, often in keeping with traditionally gendered sexual scripts. In general we found that when men discussed their own levels of intoxication, their narratives were more focused on sexual performance and low status sex partners, while women's and some men's narratives about women's levels of intoxication were focused on women's consent, safety, and respectability. Finally, some participants rely on 'consent as a contract' and 'intoxication parity'- the idea that potential sexual partners should be equally intoxicated - to handle relations of power in interpersonal sexual scripts. Since these notions are sometimes deployed strategically, we suggest that they may serve to "black-box" gendered inequalities in power between the parties involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Hunt
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California
| | - Emile Sanders
- Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California
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12
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Kubota S, Nakazawa E. Concept and implications of sexual consent for education: a systematic review of empirical studies. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2039617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kubota
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nakazawa
- Department of Biomedical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Khera D, Champion A, Walton K, Pedersen C. Why men don’t say no: sexual compliance and gender socialization in heterosexual men. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2031263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Khera
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Champion
- School of Criminology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kari Walton
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Cory Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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14
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Brady SS, Saliares E, Kodet AJ, Rothberg V, Hicks MS, Hager-Garman E, Porta CM. Communication about Sexual Consent and Refusal: A Learning Tool and Qualitative Study of Adolescents' Comments on a Sexual Health Website. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION 2022; 17:19-56. [PMID: 37206540 PMCID: PMC10195043 DOI: 10.1080/15546128.2021.1953658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sexual communication skills are needed to create healthy romantic relationships. Arguably, these skills also can be used to prevent some instances of unwanted sex. This study presents a qualitative analysis of adolescents' comments after reading a teen-friendly article on sexual consent as part of a web-based sexual health promotion intervention. The sample was comprised predominantly of female adolescents recruited from a Midwest urban region in the United States. Adolescents varied with respect to self-efficacy to request, provide, and deny consent, as well as the perceived need to ask for consent in the context of established relationships. Many adolescents perceived that nonverbal methods of communication were sufficient to request, provide, or deny sexual consent. Factors that make it difficult to discuss sexual boundaries and say "no" to unwanted sex included low self-efficacy and an underlying desire to nurture or preserve a relationship. Cultural norms must be changed to support verbal, affirmative sexual consent. In addition, adolescents must be aided in the development of skills to request sexual consent, say "yes" to specific activities, and say "no" to others. Without supportive norms and skills to enhance self-efficacy, adolescents may be unwilling to engage in verbal communication about sexual consent and boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya S. Brady
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | | | | | - Vienna Rothberg
- Violence Prevention and Response, Division of Student Life, Massachusetts Institution of Technology, Boston, MA
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15
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Read JP, Colder CR, Livingston JA, Maguin E, Egerton G. Alcohol and cannabis co-use and social context as risk pathways to sexual assault. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 35:659-670. [PMID: 33844566 PMCID: PMC8994159 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Simultaneous use of alcohol in combination with cannabis ("co-use") is common among young adults, and associated with myriad consequences. Yet no studies have examined how co-use may confer vulnerability for sexual assault (SA). Further, though both co-use and SA commonly occur in social settings, there have been no examinations of the role that co-use may play in the broader social context that leads to assault risk. This was the objective of the present study. Method: In a community sample of young adult women, (N = 174; Mage = 22.6), we examined risk pathways to SA, guided by Routine Activities Theory (Mustaine & Tewksbury, Criminal Justice Review, 2002, 27, 89). Using a longitudinal burst design with 27 daily assessments across 1 year, women reported on their own and others' alcohol, cannabis, and co-use, and on social context and assault experiences. Results: Multilevel path model results showed alcohol and cannabis co-use to confer unique risk for SA, above and beyond the influence of use of either substance alone. Intoxication and components of the co-use social context (proximity to offenders) mediated this risk. Importantly, we observed a key role for co-use by others within the social context in assault risk. Conclusions: This study adds to the literature by providing a nuanced and contextual account of how cannabis-alcohol co-use may lead to assault vulnerability in young adult women. Findings underscore the need for intervention efforts that expand their focus to include the broader social context, and the role that the use and co-use behaviors of others may play within this context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Craig R Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | | | - Eugene Maguin
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Greg Egerton
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
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16
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Leone RM, Parrott DJ. Male Role Norms, Heavy Drinking, and Bystander Behavior for Sexual Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8606-8626. [PMID: 31140371 PMCID: PMC6883136 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519851222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bystander training programs have proliferated on college campuses to prevent alcohol and non-alcohol-related sexual aggression. However, many programs fail to address the effects of a bystander's alcohol use on intervention. This is not surprising due to the limited research examining this association. To this end, the present study examined how heavy drinking and a known correlate of intervention, men's adherence to traditional masculinity, are jointly and independently associated with bystander behavior in drinking contexts. Participants were 148 community men between the ages of 21 and 30 who completed measures of heavy drinking, adherence to traditional male role norms, and prior bystander behavior in drinking contexts aimed at helping friends and strangers. Hierarchical linear regressions demonstrated that adherence to the belief that men should attain social status was associated with more frequent bystander behavior for friends, whereas adherence to the belief that men should avoid stereotypical feminine activities was associated with less frequent bystander behavior for friends. In addition, the relation between adherence to the belief that men should avoid stereotypical feminine activities and bystander behavior for friends was significant and negative among heavy drinkers but not among non-heavy drinkers. Findings suggest that men who avoid stereotypical feminine activities may be most inhibited from intervening to help friends in party contexts if they are heavy, compared with non-heavy, drinkers. These men are likely consuming alcohol in these party contexts and may benefit from targeted, gender-specific, interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruschelle M. Leone
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Carter A, Newman C, de Visser R, Yeung A, Rissel C, Grulich A, Haire B, Bateson D, Vaughn C, McGeechan K, Donovan B, Richters J, Guy R. Unwanted Sex Due to Intoxication among Australians Aged 16-69 Years. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2021; 58:74-85. [PMID: 33052063 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1829530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication can be a factor in unwanted sex, but research on the extent of the issue in both women and men is limited. We assessed the prevalence, correlates, and 10-year time-trends of unwanted sex due to intoxication among a representative sample of 4,279 women and 3,875 men aged 16-69 years in Australia and considered how these vary by gender. In 2012-13, 16% of women and 10% of men reported ever having had a sexual experience when they "did not want to because they were too drunk or high at the time." For both women and men, this was associated with younger age, bisexual activity, and reports of lifetime injection drug use, sexually transmitted infections, and forced sex. Among women only, it was associated with drinking above guideline levels and ever having terminated a pregnancy. Among men only, it was associated with current tobacco smoking, elevated psychosocial distress, and poor general health. Compared with 2001-02 data, fewer men reported unwanted intoxicated sex, while there were no changes for women as a whole. Interpreting these findings through an intersectional assemblage framework supports stronger understanding of the multiple factors influencing sexuality and substance use with implications for promoting equity, safety, and sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carter
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University
| | | | | | - Anna Yeung
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St Michael's Hospital
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney
| | | | | | - Deborah Bateson
- Family Planning New South Wales
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, University of Sydney
| | - Cathy Vaughn
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne
| | | | - Basil Donovan
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital
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Melkonian AJ, Ham LS, Wiersma-Mosley JD, Jackson KK, Mobley AM, Jozkowski KN, Willis M, Bridges AJ. Alcohol Intoxication Impairs the Bystander Intervention Process in a Hypothetical Sexual Assault: A Field Investigation. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2020; 10:657-666. [PMID: 35494415 PMCID: PMC9053246 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High rates of alcohol-related sexual assault among young adults represent a significant public health problem. Bystander intervention programs are a promising strategy to reduce sexual assault incidence. However, little is known about how bystander intoxication may modify bystander intervention effectiveness. We examined the role of bystander intoxication and intoxication levels of the hypothetical victim and perpetrator on outcomes associated with Latané and Darley's (1970) steps of bystander intervention, which include noticing a situation, assessment of risk and need for intervention, taking personal responsibility for intervening, and selecting an intervention. METHOD In a field setting, participants were recruited from a downtown area surrounded by several drinking establishments. After providing informed consent, 327 participants (45% women) ages 21 - 29 years listened to one of four sexual assault vignettes (varied by victim and perpetrator intoxication), responded to questionnaires assessing outcomes related to steps of bystander intervention, and completed a field breathalyzer test to measure intoxication level. RESULTS We found that increased participant intoxication was related to decreased accuracy of situation recall and assessment of risk and need for intervention, but not ratings of personal responsibility to intervene, chosen intervention strategy, or confidence to intervene. CONCLUSIONS Intoxication could influence how a bystander interprets a hypothetical nonconsensual sexual interaction at the level of accurate situation recall and risk assessment. If the early steps of information processing are impaired by intoxication, later steps of intervention enactment may not occur successfully. Bystander intervention programming may consider incorporating training to overcome the impairing effects of intoxication for identifying harmful situations and choosing to intervene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Melkonian
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center
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19
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Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. Sociosexuality and Sex With New Partners: Indirect Effects Via Drinking at Parties and Bars. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:624-630. [PMID: 33028475 PMCID: PMC8076485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners (i.e., unrestricted sociosexuality) may encourage individuals to seek out contexts that facilitate casual sex. We tested a model in which the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners were mediated via drinking in specific contexts. We hypothesized that drinking at parties and bars, which are known to facilitate casual sex (but not drinking at home), would contribute to sex with new (but not with previous) partners. METHOD Participants were 427 male freshmen from a large, public northeastern university. They completed a baseline survey in their first semester followed by 56 days of daily reports on drinking and sexual activity during their second semester. RESULTS As predicted, sociosexuality measured at baseline positively predicted occasions of sex with a new partner, but not sex with a previous partner. In support of the model, effects were partially mediated by frequency of drinking at parties and bars across the 56-day reporting period, but not by drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has demonstrated associations among sociosexuality, drinking, and casual sex. Our study is unique in suggesting that drinking in specific contexts--that is, drinking at parties and bars, but not drinking at home--partially mediates the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners. This pathway suggests that men with a desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners seek out drinking contexts as a way of facilitating these encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. E. Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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20
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Hone LSE, Testa M, Wang W. Sociosexuality and Sex With New Partners: Indirect Effects Via Drinking at Parties and Bars. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:624-630. [PMID: 33028475 PMCID: PMC8076485 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners (i.e., unrestricted sociosexuality) may encourage individuals to seek out contexts that facilitate casual sex. We tested a model in which the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners were mediated via drinking in specific contexts. We hypothesized that drinking at parties and bars, which are known to facilitate casual sex (but not drinking at home), would contribute to sex with new (but not with previous) partners. METHOD Participants were 427 male freshmen from a large, public northeastern university. They completed a baseline survey in their first semester followed by 56 days of daily reports on drinking and sexual activity during their second semester. RESULTS As predicted, sociosexuality measured at baseline positively predicted occasions of sex with a new partner, but not sex with a previous partner. In support of the model, effects were partially mediated by frequency of drinking at parties and bars across the 56-day reporting period, but not by drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has demonstrated associations among sociosexuality, drinking, and casual sex. Our study is unique in suggesting that drinking in specific contexts--that is, drinking at parties and bars, but not drinking at home--partially mediates the effects of sociosexuality on sex with new partners. This pathway suggests that men with a desire for many novel, concurrent, uncommitted sex partners seek out drinking contexts as a way of facilitating these encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S. E. Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Weijun Wang
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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21
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Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy among University Students: The Roles of Sports Type and Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124251. [PMID: 32545921 PMCID: PMC7345831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between drinking behaviour and drinking refusal self-efficacy among university students, with a focus on the influential roles of sports type and gender. A total of 354 students from Seoul National University of Science and Technology volunteered and participated in this study. The Korean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K), the Korean Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy (DRSE) Questionnaire-Revised, and a questionnaire measuring participation in sports activities were administered to measure students’ alcohol drinking behaviours, refusal self-efficacy and sport-related activities, respectively. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVAs, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The subdomains of DRSE had significant influences on binge drinking. Specifically, low DRSE in situations involving social pressure played a key role in predicting increased binge drinking. There was also a significant relationship between sports type and drinking behaviour, but only for male students. Those who participated in individual sports binge drank less than those who participated in team sports. Finally, gender differences were also revealed in drinking behaviour. Male students were more likely to binge drink compared to their female counterparts. This study offers a foundation for practical interventions to help control problematic drinking behaviour among university students.
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22
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Cleveland MJ, Testa M, Hone LSE. Examining the Roles of Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking Venues, and Sociosexuality in College Men's Sexual Aggression. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [PMID: 31014462 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2019.80.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College men's alcohol consumption is positively associated with sexual aggression perpetration, yet men's drinking does not typically predict later sexual assault after accounting for risk factors, such as impersonal sexuality. In the present study, we tested an indirect effects model whereby college men's impersonal sex orientation and heavy episodic drinking (HED) were hypothesized to contribute to sexual aggression perpetration via more frequent attendance at drinking venues (parties, bars). METHOD Freshman males (N = 1,043) were recruited to participate in a five-semester study. Key measures included the Sociosexuality Index as a measure of impersonal sex attitudes and behaviors, frequency of HED, and frequency of attending drinking venues (parties, bars). The dichotomous outcome measure was based on the Sexual Strategies Survey, a measure of tactics used to convince a female partner to have sex. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether sociosexuality attitudes, sociosexuality behaviors, and HED (all measured at Wave 1) would have direct and indirect effects on use of Wave 5 sexual aggression tactics, through effects on Wave 3 venue attendance. RESULTS The model supported the hypothesized indirect effects of sociosexuality and HED via men's subsequent drinking venue attendance and was preferred over alternative models. CONCLUSIONS College men who more frequently attended drinking "hot spots" were more likely to perpetrate subsequent sexual aggression, supporting a growing body of evidence on the importance of drinking venues in college sexual assault. Findings also help to explicate the mechanism underlying the robust role of impersonal sex orientation in sexual aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Liana S E Hone
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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23
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Testa M, Hone LSE. Sociosexuality predicts drinking frequency among first-year college women. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:644-648. [PMID: 31436448 PMCID: PMC6856393 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first semester of college is marked by increases in both heavy episodic drinking and sexual activity, including hookups. Because drinking and casual sex are highly related and college students believe that drinking settings facilitate hookups, students may drink as a way of facilitating uncommitted sexual partnerships. In 2 samples of college freshman women, we considered whether sociosexuality, a personality trait reflecting interest in casual, uncommitted sexual partnerships, prospectively predicted frequency of drinking. In Study 1 (N = 142), sociosexuality, assessed early in the first semester of college, positively predicted frequency of drinking occasions at the end of the semester after controlling for initial drinking frequency. In Study 2 (N = 654), sociosexuality again predicted frequency of drinking occasions after controlling for initial drinking frequency. Expected hookups with alcohol, but not expected hookups without alcohol, also predicted frequency of heavy episodic drinking occasions. Findings suggest that drinking frequency among college freshman women may reflect, at least in part, their interest in uncommitted sexual encounters. Because freshman women face a disproportionate risk of sexual assault relative to older students and drinking and sexual activity serve as significant risk factors, these findings have particular relevance for sexual assault prevention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions and Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo
| | - Liana S E Hone
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions and Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo
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24
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Garcia TA, Litt DM, Davis KC, Norris J, Kaysen D, Lewis MA. Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1872. [PMID: 31551844 PMCID: PMC6736570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol’s involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, United States
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jeanette Norris
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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25
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Wilhite ER, Fromme K. Swiping right: Alcohol, online dating, and sexual hookups in postcollege women. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:552-560. [PMID: 31368722 PMCID: PMC6894730 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of online dating has created a cultural shift in how emerging adults approach dating. The present study examined retrospective and event-level associations between alcohol, online dating, and sexual hookups among a sample of single, postcollege women. Participants completed baseline and 24 electronic daily diary surveys on alcohol use, sexual behavior, and method for meeting their sexual partners. We examined the influence of alcohol on sexual hookups, and how method of meeting a partner, and location prior to the hookup influenced level of intoxication during a sexual hookup. There was a within-person effect of alcohol on likelihood of engaging in a sexual hookup whereby hookups were more likely on days when women reported higher levels of intoxication relative to their average drinking. Spending time at bar/party prior to a sexual hookup was associated with higher levels of intoxication prior to a sexual hookup relative to being at other locations. Measured in the daily diary surveys, meeting a sexual hookup partner online was associated with lower levels of intoxication during the hookup relative to when meeting at bars/parties, even when including location just prior to the hookup in the model. The baseline retrospective analyses also indicated that meeting a partner online was associated with drinking less frequently before a sexual hookup relative to meeting a partner at a bar/party. Interventions to address alcohol use, method for meeting a partner, and location prior to hookups could be effective in decreasing potential negative consequences of alcohol-related sexual behavior in emerging adult women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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26
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Testa M, Livingston JA, Wang W. Dangerous Liaisons: The Role of Hookups and Heavy Episodic Drinking in College Sexual Victimization. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:492-507. [PMID: 31171730 PMCID: PMC6557280 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) and hookups increase college women's vulnerability to sexual victimization. We examined whether the effect of HED on first year college sexual victimization severity was mediated via hookups, that is, casual sexual encounters between individuals not in a relationship. We also tested the hypothesis that greater sexual limit-setting would attenuate the positive effect of hookups on sexual victimization. Freshman women (N = 335) were recruited by e-mail to complete an online survey regarding their college drinking and sexual experiences. The effect of HED frequency on sexual victimization was completely mediated via hookups. There was a significant indirect path from HED to victimization via alcohol-involved hookups; the path through sober hookups was not significant. We found some support for the hypothesis that sexual limit-setting reduced the impact of hookups on sexual victimization severity. Findings suggest the importance of targeting sexual behavior, which frequently occurs in conjunction with drinking, as a way of preventing college sexual victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Department of Psychology and Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Weijun Wang
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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27
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Looby A, Bravo AJ, Kilwein TM, Zimmerman L, Pearson MR. Alcohol-related protective behavioral strategies as a mediator of the relationship between drinking motives and risky sexual behaviors. Addict Behav 2019; 93:1-8. [PMID: 30669060 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Risky sexual behaviors (RSB) frequently occur in the context of alcohol use and are associated with distinct drinking motives among college students. Use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) is associated with reductions in alcohol use and related problems, which may extend to alcohol-related RSB. Moreover, as PBS use mediates the relationship between positive reinforcement drinking motives and alcohol-related problems, the same may be true for alcohol-related RSB, specifically. The current study examined whether PBS mediates the relationship between drinking motives and RSB among college students. Participants (N = 2039, 72.8% female, Mage = 19.79) from ten universities across ten U.S. states completed an online survey assessing past-month drinking motivation, alcohol PBS, alcohol consumption, and RSB. To test study aims, a saturated path model in which drinking motives were modeled as predictors of RSB via PBS use subscales and alcohol consumption was conducted. Several double mediation effects were found, such that stronger endorsement of motives (i.e., social, enhancement, conformity, coping for depression) were associated with lower PBS (particularly manner of drinking and serious harm reduction), which was associated with higher alcohol use, which was associated with higher RSB. Multi-group models found the mediation effects to be gender invariant, although several differences in direct associations were found across genders. For college students high in positive reinforcement motives (i.e., social or enhancement) for drinking, interventions that aim to increase PBS use, specifically related to modifying the manner in which one drinks and avoiding very dangerous consequences, may be effective in reducing alcohol-related RSB.
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28
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Cleveland MJ, Testa M, Hone LSE. Examining the Roles of Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking Venues, and Sociosexuality in College Men's Sexual Aggression. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 80:177-185. [PMID: 31014462 PMCID: PMC6489544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College men's alcohol consumption is positively associated with sexual aggression perpetration, yet men's drinking does not typically predict later sexual assault after accounting for risk factors, such as impersonal sexuality. In the present study, we tested an indirect effects model whereby college men's impersonal sex orientation and heavy episodic drinking (HED) were hypothesized to contribute to sexual aggression perpetration via more frequent attendance at drinking venues (parties, bars). METHOD Freshman males (N = 1,043) were recruited to participate in a five-semester study. Key measures included the Sociosexuality Index as a measure of impersonal sex attitudes and behaviors, frequency of HED, and frequency of attending drinking venues (parties, bars). The dichotomous outcome measure was based on the Sexual Strategies Survey, a measure of tactics used to convince a female partner to have sex. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether sociosexuality attitudes, sociosexuality behaviors, and HED (all measured at Wave 1) would have direct and indirect effects on use of Wave 5 sexual aggression tactics, through effects on Wave 3 venue attendance. RESULTS The model supported the hypothesized indirect effects of sociosexuality and HED via men's subsequent drinking venue attendance and was preferred over alternative models. CONCLUSIONS College men who more frequently attended drinking "hot spots" were more likely to perpetrate subsequent sexual aggression, supporting a growing body of evidence on the importance of drinking venues in college sexual assault. Findings also help to explicate the mechanism underlying the robust role of impersonal sex orientation in sexual aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Liana S. E. Hone
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Orchowski LM, Barnett NP, Berkowitz A, Borsari B, Oesterle D, Zlotnick C. Sexual Assault Prevention for Heavy Drinking College Men: Development and Feasibility of an Integrated Approach. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1369-1396. [PMID: 30078368 PMCID: PMC11077611 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218787928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses, few interventions aimed at decreasing college men's proclivity to perpetrate sexual aggression have been developed and tested. This article details the theoretical framework, content, and piloting of a sexual assault prevention program for college men who engage in heavy drinking, a high-risk group who may be particularly well positioned to intervene as proactive bystanders in drinking environments. In an open trial, male facilitators delivered the three-session Sexual Assault and Alcohol Feedback and Education (SAFE) program to 25 heavy drinking college men. Session 1 was a 90-min review of personalized normative feedback regarding alcohol use, sexual activity, alcohol-related sexual consequences, understanding of consent, and engagement in bystander intervention, delivered individually in a motivational interviewing style. Session 2 was a 2½-hr group-based sexual assault prevention workshop focusing on social norms, empathy, masculinity, consent, and bystander intervention. Session 3 was a 90-min booster group session that reviewed previous topics and included the active practice of bystander intervention skills. Analyses of postsession assessments of utility, therapeutic alliance, and satisfaction and examination of alcohol use and sexual assault-related outcomes from baseline to the 2-month assessment support the preliminary feasibility and acceptability of the SAFE program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zhang J. Is Support of Censoring Controversial Media Content for the Good of Others? Sexual Strategies and Support of Censoring Pro-Alcohol Advertising. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 15:1474704917742808. [PMID: 29179582 PMCID: PMC10367462 DOI: 10.1177/1474704917742808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At least in the United States, there are widespread concerns with advertising that encourages alcohol consumption, and previous research explains those concerns as aiming to protect others from the harm of excessive alcohol use.1 Drawing on sexual strategies theory, we hypothesized that support of censoring pro-alcohol advertising is ultimately self-benefiting regardless of its altruistic effect at a proximate level. Excessive drinking positively correlates with having casual sex, and casual sex threatens monogamy, one of the major means with which people adopting a long-term sexual strategy increase their inclusive fitness. Then, one way for long-term strategists to protect monogamy, and thus their reproductive interest is to support censoring pro-alcohol advertising, thereby preventing others from becoming excessive drinkers (and consequently having casual sex) under media influence. Supporting this hypothesis, three studies consistently showed that restricted sociosexuality positively correlated with support of censoring pro-alcohol advertising before and after various value-, ideological-, and moral-foundation variables were controlled for. Also as predicted, Study 3 revealed a significant indirect effect of sociosexuality on censorship support through perceived media influence on others but not through perceived media influence on self. These findings further supported a self-interest analysis of issue opinions, extended third-person-effect research on support of censoring pro-alcohol advertising, and suggested a novel approach to analyzing media censorship support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguang Zhang
- Department of Communicology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Testa M, Cleveland MJ. Does Alcohol Contribute to College Men's Sexual Assault Perpetration? Between- and Within-Person Effects Over Five Semesters. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:5-13. [PMID: 27936357 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current longitudinal study was designed to consider the time-varying effects of men's heavy episodic drinking (HED) and drinking setting attendance on college sexual assault perpetration. METHOD Freshman men (N = 992) were recruited in their first semester and completed online measures at the end of their first five semesters. Using multilevel models, we examined whether men with higher frequency HED (or party or bar attendance) were more likely to perpetrate sexual assault (between-person, Level 2 effect) and whether sexual assault perpetration was more likely in semesters in which HED (or party or bar attendance) was higher than each individual's average (within-person, Level 1 effect). RESULTS The between-person effect of HED on sexual assault was not significant after accounting for the between-person effects of antisocial behavior, impersonal sex orientation, and low self-control. The within-person effect of HED on sexual assault perpetration was not significant. However, models substituting frequency of party attendance or bar attendance revealed both between- and within-person effects. The odds of sexual assault were increased for men with higher bar and party attendance than the sample as a whole, and in semesters in which party or bar attendance was higher than their own average. Supplemental analyses suggested that these drinking setting effects were explained by hookups, with sexual assault perpetration more likely in semesters in which the number of hookups exceeded one's own average. CONCLUSIONS Findings point toward the importance of drinking contexts, rather than drinking per se, as predictors of college men's sexual assault perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael J Cleveland
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Vincke E. Drinking High Amounts of Alcohol as a Short-Term Mating Strategy: The Impact of Short-Term Mating Motivations on Young Adults' Drinking Behavior. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 15:1474704917707073. [PMID: 28508723 PMCID: PMC10480917 DOI: 10.1177/1474704917707073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that drinking large quantities of alcohol could function as a short-term mating strategy for young adults in mating situations. However, no study investigated whether this is actually the case. Therefore, in this article, the link between short-term mating motivations and drinking high amounts of alcohol is tested. First, a survey study ( N = 345) confirmed that young adults who engage in binge drinking are more short-term oriented in their mating strategy than young adults who never engage in binge drinking. Also, the more short-term-oriented young adults were in their mating strategy, the more often binge drinking behavior was conducted. In addition, an experimental study ( N = 229) empirically verified that short-term mating motivations increase young adults' drinking behavior, more so than long-term mating motivations. Results of the experiment clearly showed that young men and young women are triggered to drink more alcoholic beverages in a short-term mating situation compared to a long-term mating situation. Furthermore, the mating situation also affected young adults' perception of drinking behavior. Young adults in a short-term mating context perceived a higher amount of alcoholic beverages as heavy drinking compared to peers in a long-term mating context. These findings confirm that a high alcohol consumption functions as a short-term mating strategy for both young men and young women. Insights gained from this article might be of interest to institutions aimed at targeting youth alcohol (ab)use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Vincke
- Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
In developed countries, the traditional gender gap in youth smoking and drinking is closing. As tobacco and alcohol are more harmful to women than to men, this is an alarming trend. As men are generally more short-term oriented in their sexuality than women, and given that cigarette and alcohol use are still considered masculine behaviors, we explored if female smoking and drinking can function as a short-term mating strategy. By means of a between-subjects experiment ( N = 218), men’s perceptions of female smoking and drinking were studied. The experiment showed that young men perceive women who use cigarettes and alcohol as being more sexually unrestricted. Furthermore, tobacco and (especially) alcohol use brought some short-term attractiveness benefits to women. In short-term mating contexts, drinking enhanced women’s attractiveness, whereas occasional smoking was found equally desirable as not smoking. However, in long-term mating contexts, frequent drinking and all smoking behavior harmed women’s desirability. A follow-up study ( N = 202) confirmed men’s perceptions, showing that female users of tobacco and alcohol are indeed more short-term oriented in their sexuality. Overall, results indicate that female smoking and drinking can operate as a short-term mating strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Vincke
- Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Osberg TM, Boyer A. Dangerous Beliefs: College Alcohol Beliefs Are Associated With Increased Risk of Regretted Sexual Encounters. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1555-1565. [PMID: 27459396 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relative impact of college alcohol beliefs (CABs; i.e., the extent to which the student views alcohol as part of the fabric of college life), descriptive norms, injunctive norms, positive alcohol expectancies, and sensation seeking on college students' (N = 415) risk for engaging in regretted sexual encounters (RSE). Overall, 12% of our sample reported having experienced RSE within the past 30 days. When pitted against the other traditional predictors of college student drinking and its consequences, such as positive alcohol expectancies, descriptive and injunctive norms, and sensation seeking, CABs emerged as the strongest correlate of RSE other than drinking itself, and explained significant additional variance in RSE beyond these other predictors. Mediation analyses revealed that CABs had a significant indirect effect on RSE through typical weekly drinking. This pattern of findings indicates that college alcohol beliefs are, from a public health perspective, dangerous beliefs, that warrant serious consideration in the development of new approaches to college student drinking and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Osberg
- a Department of Psychology , Niagara University , Niagara University , New York , USA
| | - Amber Boyer
- a Department of Psychology , Niagara University , Niagara University , New York , USA
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French BH, Neville HA. What Is Nonconsensual Sex? Young Women Identify Sources of Coerced Sex. Violence Against Women 2016; 23:368-394. [PMID: 27075665 DOI: 10.1177/1077801216641517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extending the American Psychological Association (APA) report on the Sexualization of Girls, this study investigated how young women identified sources of coerced sex. Findings from three focus groups with 25 Black and White adolescent women uncovered a perceived overarching force that "pushed" them to have sex before they felt ready. Participants identified four domains of coerced sex: (a) Sociocultural Context, (b) Internalized Sexual Scripts, (c) Partner Manipulation of Sexual Scripts, and (d) Developmental Status. Coerced sex was a complex system consisting of cultural, peer, and internal messages that create pressures to engage in sexual activities. Future implications for research and practice are presented.
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Vincke E. The Young Male Cigarette and Alcohol Syndrome. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 14:1474704916631615. [PMCID: PMC10481104 DOI: 10.1177/1474704916631615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the many health risks of tobacco and alcohol use, high levels of smoking and drinking are being persisted. Moreover, young men engage more in these behaviors as compared to women. As male physical risk-taking behavior gains attractiveness in short-term mating contexts and given that smoking and drinking have considerable physical costs, this study explores the possibility that tobacco and alcohol use is part of a male short-term mating strategy. By means of a between-subjects experiment (N = 239), women’s perceptions of young male smoking and drinking were investigated. The experiment showed that women perceive men who smoke and drink as being more short-term oriented in their sexuality than nonusers. Moreover, both tobacco and (especially) alcohol use brought some attractiveness benefits in short-term mating contexts. A follow-up study (N = 171) confirmed that men’s behavior corresponds with women’s perceptions. Overall, these findings show that cigarette and alcohol use can operate as a short-term mating strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Vincke
- Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wells BE, Rendina HJ, Kelly BC, Golub SA, Parsons JT. Demographic Predictors of Event-Level Associations between Alcohol Consumption and Sexual Behavior. J Urban Health 2016; 93:155-69. [PMID: 26678072 PMCID: PMC4794469 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-015-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with sexual behavior and outcomes, though research indicates a variety of moderating factors, including demographic characteristics. To better target interventions aimed at alcohol-related sexual risk behavior, our analyses simultaneously examine demographic predictors of both day- and event-level associations between alcohol consumption and sexual behavior in a sample of young adults (N = 301) who are sexually active and consume alcohol. Young adults (aged 18-29) recruited using time-space sampling and incentivized snowball sampling completed a survey and a timeline follow-back calendar reporting alcohol consumption and sexual behavior in the past 30 days. On a given day, a greater number of drinks consumed was associated with higher likelihood of sex occurring, particularly for women and single participants. During a given sexual event, number of drinks consumed was not associated with condom use, nor did any demographic predictors predict that association. Findings highlight associations between alcohol and sexual behavior, though not between alcohol and sexual risk behavior, highlighting the need for additional research exploring the complex role of alcohol in sexual risk behavior and the need to develop prevention efforts to minimize the role of alcohol in the initiation of sexual encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Wells
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA
- Center for Human Sexuality Studies, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA, 19013, USA
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Brian C Kelly
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, 700 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarit A Golub
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Doctoral Program in Basic and Applied Social Psychology, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Parsons
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA.
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA.
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Testa M, Parks KA, Hoffman JH, Crane CA, Leonard KE, Shyhalla K. Do Drinking Episodes Contribute to Sexual Aggression Perpetration in College Men? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 76:507-15. [PMID: 26098025 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survey and experimental analog studies suggest that alcohol consumption contributes to perpetration of sexual aggression. However, few studies have considered the temporal association between naturally occurring episodes of drinking and subsequent sexual aggression. This daily report study was designed to examine whether alcohol consumption increases the odds of aggressive sexual activity within the next 4 hours. METHOD First-year male college students (N = 427) completed daily online reports of drinking and sexual activity for up to 56 days. Multilevel modeling was used to determine whether drinking episodes increased the odds of the following outcomes occurring within 4 hours: (a) aggressive sex with a new partner, (b) non-aggressive sex with a new partner, (c) aggressive sex with a previous partner, and (d) non-aggressive sex with a previous partner. RESULTS Drinking episodes increased the odds of both aggressive and non-aggressive sex with a new partner. In contrast, drinking episodes did not predict aggression involving previous partners and decreased the odds of non-aggressive sex with a previous partner. Contrary to hypotheses, individual difference variables associated with propensity toward sexual aggression (sexual misperception, antisocial behavior, hostility toward women) did not interact with daily alcohol. CONCLUSIONS The complex pattern of results is more consistent with situational as opposed to pharmacological effects of alcohol on sexual aggression and suggests that prevention efforts focus on drinking contexts known to facilitate sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kathleen A Parks
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph H Hoffman
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Cory A Crane
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kenneth E Leonard
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kathleen Shyhalla
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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40
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Livingston JA, Testa M, Windle M, Bay-Cheng LY. Sexual risk at first coitus: Does alcohol make a difference? J Adolesc 2015; 43:148-58. [PMID: 26121927 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines whether use of alcohol at first coitus is associated with increased sexual risk for young women. First coitus is the focus of the investigation because it is a memorable, formative experience that has implications for subsequent sexual health. A community sample of young women ages 18-19 years (N = 227) completed retrospective interviews. Characteristics and perceptions of the first coital event were examined using chi squares and one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine if there were differences based on alcohol-involvement. Alcohol-involved first coitus events occurred in social settings with risky partners, were rated less positively, and were non-consensual relative to those that did not involve alcohol. Alcohol use was not related to condom use. Alcohol-involvement was associated with subsequent pairing of alcohol with sex and incapacitated rape. Adolescent alcohol use occurs in contexts that increases young women's sexual risk through exposure to risky partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Livingston
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States.
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States
| | - Michael Windle
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Laina Y Bay-Cheng
- School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, 685 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
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41
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O'Hara RE, Cooper ML. Bidirectional associations between alcohol use and sexual risk-taking behavior from adolescence into young adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:857-71. [PMID: 25808720 PMCID: PMC4399236 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that sexual risk-taking behavior and alcohol use are linked, but the nature, strength, and timing of these relations may differ between gender and racial subgroups. These issues were addressed by examining the course and interrelations of both behaviors from adolescence into young adulthood, as well as how these patterns differed between both men and women and between Blacks and Whites. Data came from a representative, community-based sample of 1867 urban participants surveyed up to 5 times over a 15-year period. Although both prospective and trajectory analyses showed that adolescent involvement in one behavior predicted later involvement in the other, most patterns were moderated by gender, race, or both. In general, positive, bidirectional associations were discovered among men and Whites. Among women, adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior positively predicted later drinking, but not vice versa. For Blacks, adolescent alcohol use was inconsistently related to later sexual risk-taking behavior, and adolescent sexual risk-taking negatively predicted later alcohol use. Results suggest that associations between sexual risk-taking behavior and alcohol use are more complex than previously thought and that an adequate understanding of these links must account for both gender and racial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross E O'Hara
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, MC 6325, Farmington, CT, 06030-6325, USA,
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Stahlman S, Javanbakht M, Cochran S, Shoptaw S, Hamilton AB, Gorbach PM. A comparison of self-reported sexual risk behaviours between US civilian and active duty military women. Sex Health 2015; 12:272-5. [PMID: 25844558 DOI: 10.1071/sh14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Women in the US military report a high prevalence of sexual risk behaviours, such as binge drinking and new or multiple sexual partnerships. However, demographical differences pose challenges to making comparisons with civilians. Two public-use datasets were used to compare prevalence of sexual risk behaviours between sexually active military and civilian women, after adjusting for demographic factors. It was found that women in the military reported a higher prevalence of binge drinking and new/multiple sexual partners as compared with civilians, which suggests that military women are a high-risk group and the military environment may at least partially facilitate these risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Stahlman
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Susan Cochran
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Pamina M Gorbach
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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Male Role Norm Endorsement and Sexism Predict Heterosexual College Men’s Attitudes Toward Casual Sex, Intoxicated Sexual Contact, and Casual Sex. SEX ROLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Labrie JW, Hummer JF, Ghaidarov TM, Lac A, Kenney SR. Hooking up in the college context: the event-level effects of alcohol use and partner familiarity on hookup behaviors and contentment. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2014; 51:62-73. [PMID: 23127230 PMCID: PMC4221273 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2012.714010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined hooking up experiences through event-level analyses, including the connections involving alcohol use, the extent of physical contact, and postevaluations of the hookup event. Participants were 828 college students (67.0% female). Of students who reported hooking up sometime within the past year (54.8%), chi-square analyses revealed that they were more likely to have been drinking when they met their partners the night of the hookup. Females who were drinking beforehand and females who met their partners that night were more likely to feel discontent with their hookup decisions. Among participants who consumed alcohol prior to their last hookup, a notable 30.7% of females and 27.9% of males indicated that they would likely not have hooked up with their partners had alcohol not been involved. Further, 34.4% of females and 27.9% of males indicated that they would not have gone as far physically if they had not been drinking. Among participants who reported both drinking beforehand and hooking up with unfamiliar partners, greater number of drinks consumed was associated with more advanced sexual behaviors. The current findings highlight the potential risks associated with alcohol use in the hooking up culture.
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45
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Kenney SR, Thadani V, Ghaidarov T, LaBrie JW. FIRST-YEAR COLLEGE WOMEN'S MOTIVATIONS FOR HOOKING UP: A MIXED-METHODS EXAMINATION OF NORMATIVE PEER PERCEPTIONS AND PERSONAL HOOKUP PARTICIPATION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2013; 25:212-224. [PMID: 25705322 PMCID: PMC4335676 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2013.786010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study used content analysis techniques to explore 221 first-year college women's perceptions of female peers' reasons (i.e., normative perceptions) for hooking up. Data on personal participation in hooking up were also collected. The well-established Drinking Motives Questionnaire (Cooper, 1994) was used as a framework for coding positive (enhancement or social) and negative (coping or conformity) normative hookup motivations. Participants most commonly indicated that enhancement reasons motivated peers' hookup behaviors (69.7%). Coping (23.5%), external (21.7%), social (19.5%), and conformity (16.3%) motives were cited less frequently. Furthermore, women who had hooked up since matriculating into college (61.5%, n = 136) were significantly more likely to state that their female peers hook up for enhancement reasons (a positive motive), but they were significantly less likely to perceive that typical female peers hook up for coping or conformity reasons (negative motives) (ps < .001). Findings indicate not only that college women uphold overwhelmingly positive perceptions for peers' hooking up, but there appears to be a strong relationship between college women's own hooking up participation and the positive versus negative attributions they ascribe to hooking up among their peers. This study extends the understanding of college women's perceptions and potential influences of hooking up and provides implications for harm reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Kenney
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vandana Thadani
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tehniat Ghaidarov
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Livingston JA, Bay-Cheng LY, Hequembourg AL, Testa M, Downs JS. Mixed Drinks and Mixed Messages: Adolescent Girls' Perspectives on Alcohol and Sexuality. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2013; 37:38-50. [PMID: 23833392 PMCID: PMC3699882 DOI: 10.1177/0361684312464202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimentation with alcohol and sexuality is a normative aspect of adolescent development. Yet both present distinct risks to adolescent females and are especially problematic when they intersect. Although youth are often cautioned about the dangers associated with having sex and using alcohol, popular entertainment media frequently depict the combination of alcohol and sexuality as carefree fun. It is unclear how adolescent females interpret these contradictory messages in their everyday lives. Focus group interviews were used to explore young women's understandings of the relation between alcohol and sexuality. Young women, ages 14-17 years (N = 97, 61% White), and their mothers were recruited through advertisements in local newspapers to participate in separate, simultaneous focus group interviews. Only data from the 15 daughters' groups are presented here. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants recognized the risks associated with combining alcohol and sex, yet they also perceived sexual advantages to drinking alcohol. Advantages included facilitating social and sexual interactions and excusing unsanctioned sexual behavior. Alcohol was also seen as increasing the likelihood of sexual regret and coercion through impaired judgment and self-advocacy abilities. Educational and prevention efforts need to consider adolescent developmental and social needs, as well as the influences of the larger cultural context in which youth function.
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Hummer JF, Napper LE, Ehret PE, LaBrie JW. Event-specific risk and ecological factors associated with prepartying among heavier drinking college students. Addict Behav 2013; 38:1620-8. [PMID: 23254208 PMCID: PMC3582320 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using event-specific data, the present study sought to identify relevant risk factors and risky drinking patterns associated with prepartying. Analyses focused on drinking outcomes as a function of drinking game playing and the social context on occasions where prepartying did and did not occur. This research utilized a representative two-site sample of prepartiers who also reported a heavy episodic drinking event in the past month (n=988). Results revealed that during a preparty event, participants drank significantly more, reached higher blood alcohol levels (BALs), and experienced significantly more negative consequences compared to the last occasion that they drank but did not preparty. Students who played drinking games when they prepartied had higher BALs and experienced more negative consequences than those who did not play drinking games. Whether females prepartied in a single-sex or coed setting had little effect on their BALs. For males, however, their BALs were greater when they prepartied in a coed setting compared to a single sex setting. Moreover, participants reported more negative consequences when they prepartied in a coed setting than in a single-sex setting. Finally, regression analyses demonstrated that participants' BAL, frequency of prepartying, and the interaction between BAL and frequency of prepartying all uniquely contributed to the prediction of event-specific alcohol-related negative consequences. As BAL increased, the number of negative consequences increased more sharply for those who prepartied infrequently, compared to those who prepartied frequently. Analyses were examined as a function of gender which revealed important gender effects and interactions. Interventions can be designed to intervene with high-risk prepartiers by using BAL education emphasizing the impact of time-limited prepartying drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Hummer
- Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Suite 4700, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA.
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LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Pedersen ER, Lac A, Chithambo T. Measuring college students' motives behind prepartying drinking: development and validation of the prepartying motivations inventory. Addict Behav 2012; 37:962-9. [PMID: 22564754 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Drinking motives are vital in identifying risk factors and better understanding alcohol-related outcomes. However, context-specific motivations could provide greater motivational perspective on high-risk context-specific alcohol use behaviors such as prepartying (consuming alcohol prior to attending one's intended destination) than general alcohol motivations. In the current study, students' open-ended responses to reasons for prepartying were collected from a large diverse sample (n=2497), and the most commonly offered reasons were used to create a prepartying motivations inventory (PMI) that was then administered to a different sample (n=1085). A split-half validation procedure was used for the purpose of evaluating the PMI's factor structure. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a final 16-item measure consisting of four distinct, but inter-related, factors: Interpersonal Enhancement, Situational Control, Intimate Pursuit, and Barriers to Consumption. Internal consistency reliability, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity were empirically demonstrated. Results support the notion that individuals preparty for a variety of reasons that are distinct from general motives. Researchers are encouraged to use the PMI in future research with young adults to provide further understanding of prepartying behavior and its psychosocial correlates.
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Shashikumar R, Das RC, Prabhu HRA, Srivastava K, Bhat PS, Prakash J, Seema P. A cross-sectional study of factors associated with adolescent sexual activity. Indian J Psychiatry 2012; 54:138-43. [PMID: 22988320 PMCID: PMC3440907 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.99532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Adolescents constitute about 20% of our population and increasingly more of them are initiating sexual activity at an early age. Several behaviors associated with adolescence like masturbation, expression of masculinity/femininity, lifestyle habits like attending late night parties, and consumption of alcohol have been variously implicated in initiating sexual activities. Sexual abuse can also lead to premature sexualization. In view of few worthwhile studies from India that have dealt with these issues this study was undertaken. AIMS To elicit information from two co-education schools adolescent boys and girls on matters related to pubescence, sexual experiences, and sexual health. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Study subjects involved students from class IX to XII in two co-education schools. Consent of parents was taken to administer the questionnaire to their wards. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 586 out of 1580 students completed a self-reporting questionnaire on matters related to sexuality. Statistical Analysis EpiInfo6 Software was used. RESULTS Significant association was found among those holding the view that having sex proves their masculinity, being sexually abused, masturbation among boys, and sexual activity. A significantly large number of boys and girls are unaware of role of alcohol on sexual activity and that pregnancy can be caused by single intercourse. CONCLUSIONS This was probably the first such comparative study from India. Mechanisms need to be evaluated to help adolescents understand their sexual attitudes and situations that are likely to provoke sexual activity. Therefore, not only more detailed and longitudinal studies are needed to understand these relations in a better perspective, but also a well-planned educational program for adolescents is a need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shashikumar
- Department of Psychiatry, AFMC, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ramadugu S, Ryali V, Srivastava K, Bhat PS, Prakash J. Understanding sexuality among Indian urban school adolescents. Ind Psychiatry J 2011; 20:49-55. [PMID: 22969181 PMCID: PMC3425247 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.98416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Adolescence is a very exciting phase of life fraught with many challenges like sexuality. Understanding them is important in helping the adolescents grow up healthily. AIMS To ascertain the attitudes and knowledge about sexuality among school-going adolescents. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Students in two urban schools of an Indian city from class IX to XII were administered a self-reporting questionnaire on matters related to sexuality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Requisite ethical clearances were taken as also the consent of the parents and students before administration of the questionnaire. The authors clarified doubts to adolescents. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical package for social sciences. RESULTS The incidence of having sexual contact was 30.08% for boys and 17.18% for girls. 6.31% boys and 1.31% girls reported having had experienced sexual intercourse. Friends constituted the main sexual partners for both boys and girls. Sexual abuse had been reported by both girls and boys. These and other findings are discussed in the article. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent school students are involved in sexual activity, but lack adequate knowledge in this regard. Students, teachers, and parents need to understand various aspects of sexuality to be able to help adolescents' healthy sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikumar Ramadugu
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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