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Wen JJ, Li MZ, Chen CH, Hong T, Yang JR, Huang XJ, Geng F, Hu JL, Nie SP. Tea polyphenol and epigallocatechin gallate ameliorate hyperlipidemia via regulating liver metabolism and remodeling gut microbiota. Food Chem 2023; 404:134591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Montastier É, Ye RZ, Noll C, Bouffard L, Fortin M, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Lewis GF, Carpentier AC. Increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid efflux from adipose tissue in prediabetes is offset by enhanced dietary fatty acid adipose trapping. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E1093-E1106. [PMID: 33870714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00619.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of increased postprandial nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) appearance in the circulation in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is due to increased adipose tissue lipolysis but could also be contributed to by reduced adipose tissue (AT) dietary fatty acid (DFA) trapping and increased "spillover" into the circulation. Thirty-one subjects with IGT (14 women, 17 men) and 29 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, 15 women, 14 men) underwent a meal test with oral and intravenous palmitate tracers and the oral [18F]-fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid positron emission tomography method. Postprandial palmitate appearance (Rapalmitate) was higher in IGT versus NGT (P < 0.001), driven exclusively by Rapalmitate from obesity-associated increase in intracellular lipolysis (P = 0.01), as Rapalmitate from DFA spillover was not different between the groups (P = 0.19) and visceral AT DFA trapping was even higher in IGT versus NGT (P = 0.02). Plasma glycerol appearance was lower in IGT (P = 0.01), driven down by insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion. Thus, we found higher AT DFA trapping, limiting spillover to lean organs and in part offsetting the increase in Rapalmitate from intracellular lipolysis. Whether similar findings occur in frank diabetes, a condition also characterized by insulin resistance but relative insulin deficiency, requires further investigation (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04088344, NCT02808182).NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found higher adipose tissue dietary fatty acid trapping, limiting spillover to lean organs, that in part offsets the increase in appearance rate of palmitate from intracellular lipolysis in prediabetes. These results point to the adaptive nature of adipose tissue trapping and dietary fatty acid spillover as a protective mechanism against excess obesity-related palmitate appearance rate from intracellular adipose tissue lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émilie Montastier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Run Zhou Ye
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Carpentier AC. 100 th anniversary of the discovery of insulin perspective: insulin and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E653-E670. [PMID: 33522398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin inhibits systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux to a greater degree than glucose or any other metabolite. This remarkable effect is mainly due to insulin-mediated inhibition of intracellular triglyceride (TG) lipolysis in adipose tissues and is essential to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, but also to limit the potential lipotoxic effects of NEFA in lean tissues that contribute to the development of diabetes complications. Insulin also regulates adipose tissue fatty acid esterification, glycerol and TG synthesis, lipogenesis, and possibly oxidation, contributing to the trapping of dietary fatty acids in the postprandial state. Excess NEFA flux at a given insulin level has been used to define in vivo adipose tissue insulin resistance. Adipose tissue insulin resistance defined in this fashion has been associated with several dysmetabolic features and complications of diabetes, but the mechanistic significance of this concept is not fully understood. This review focusses on the in vivo regulation of adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism by insulin and the mechanistic significance of the current definition of adipose tissue insulin resistance. One hundred years after the discovery of insulin and despite decades of investigations, much is still to be understood about the multifaceted in vivo actions of this hormone on adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Suárez-Cuenca JA, De La Peña-Sosa G, De La Vega-Moreno K, Banderas-Lares DZ, Salamanca-García M, Martínez-Hernández JE, Vera-Gómez E, Hernández-Patricio A, Zamora-Alemán CR, Domínguez-Pérez GA, Ruíz-Hernández AS, Gutiérrez-Buendía JA, Melchor-López A, Ortíz-Fernández M, Montoya-Ramírez J, Gaytán-Fuentes OF, Toríz-Ortíz A, Osorio-Valero M, Orozco-Vázquez J, Alcaráz-Estrada SL, Rodríguez-Arellano ME, Maldonado-Arriaga B, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Escamilla-Tilch M, Pineda-Juárez JA, Téllez-González MA, García S, Mondragón-Terán P. Enlarged adipocytes from subcutaneous vs. visceral adipose tissue differentially contribute to metabolic dysfunction and atherogenic risk of patients with obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1831. [PMID: 33469087 PMCID: PMC7815822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological characteristics and source of adipose tissue as well as adipokines may increase cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to explore whether adipose tissue characteristics may impact metabolic and atherogenic risks. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) and peripheral blood were obtained from obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue (morphometry), plasma adiponectin, TNF-α, resistin (multiplexing) and biochemical chemistry were analyzed; as well as endothelial dysfunction (Flow Mediated Dilation, FMD) and atherogenesis (Carotid Intima Media Thickness, CIMT). Subgroups divided by adipocyte size and source were compared; as well as correlation and multivariate analysis. Sixty patients 36.6% males, aged 44 years-old, BMI 46.7 kg/m2 were included. SAT's adipocytes showed a lower range of size expandability than VAT's adipocytes. Independent from their source, larger adipocytes were associated with higher glucose, lower adiponectin and higher CIMT. Particularly, larger adipocytes from SAT were associated with higher blood pressure, lower insulin and HDL-cholesterol; and showed positive correlation with glucose, HbA1c, systolic/diastolic values, and negatively correlated with insulin and adiponectin. VAT's larger adipocytes particularly associated with lower resistin and lower FMD values. Gender and Diabetes Mellitus significantly impacted the relation of adipocyte size/source with the metabolic and atherogenic risk. Multivariable analysis suggested hypertension-resistin-HbA1c interactions associated with SAT's larger adipocytes; whereas potential insulin-adiponectin associations were observed for VAT's larger adipocytes. Adipocyte morphology and source are differentially related with cardiometabolic and atherogenic risk in population with obesity, which are potentially affected by gender and Diabetes Mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Internal Medicine Department, H.G.Z. No. 58 "Manuel Ávila Camacho", IMSS, and Hospital General "Xoco" SS CDMX, 03340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo De La Peña-Sosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen De La Vega-Moreno
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Zaineff Banderas-Lares
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Salamanca-García
- Pathology Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03104, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Enrique Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vera-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Patricio
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramiro Zamora-Alemán
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alexandra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Atzín Suá Ruíz-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Ariel Gutiérrez-Buendía
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Melchor-López
- Internal Medicine Department, H.G.Z. No. 8 "Gilberto Flores Izquierdo", IMSS and Hospital General "Xoco" SS CDMX, 03340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Ortíz-Fernández
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Montoya-Ramírez
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Felipe Gaytán-Fuentes
- Bariatric Surgery Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Toríz-Ortíz
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Osorio-Valero
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julita Orozco-Vázquez
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Brenda Maldonado-Arriaga
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Escamilla-Tilch
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Pineda-Juárez
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Antonio Téllez-González
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia García
- Laboratory of Experimental Metabolism and Clinical Research, Division of Research, Department of Clinical Research, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 502, San Lorenzo, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación Benito Juárez, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- Coordination of Research and Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
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Carpentier AC, Blondin DP, Virtanen KA, Richard D, Haman F, Turcotte ÉE. Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 30131768 PMCID: PMC6090055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstration of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans primarily using positron emission tomography coupled to computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) has renewed the interest of the scientific and medical community in the possible role of BAT as a target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we offer a comprehensive review of BAT energy metabolism in humans. Considerable advances in methods to measure BAT energy metabolism, including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), chylomicron-triglycerides (TG), oxygen, Krebs cycle rate, and intracellular TG have led to very good quantification of energy substrate metabolism per volume of active BAT in vivo. These studies have also shown that intracellular TG are likely the primary energy source of BAT upon activation by cold. Current estimates of BAT's contribution to energy expenditure range at the lower end of what would be potentially clinically relevant if chronically sustained. Yet, 18FDG PET/CT remains the gold-standard defining method to quantify total BAT volume of activity, used to calculate BAT's total energy expenditure. Unfortunately, BAT glucose metabolism better reflects BAT's insulin sensitivity and blood flow. It is now clear that most glucose taken up by BAT does not fuel mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that BAT glucose uptake can therefore be disconnected from thermogenesis. Furthermore, BAT thermogenesis is efficiently recruited upon repeated cold exposure, doubling to tripling its total oxidative capacity, with reciprocal reduction of muscle thermogenesis. Recent data suggest that total BAT volume may be much larger than the typically observed 50-150 ml with 18FDG PET/CT. Therefore, the current estimates of total BAT thermogenesis, largely relying on total BAT volume using 18FDG PET/CT, may underestimate the true contribution of BAT to total energy expenditure. Quantification of the contribution of BAT to energy expenditure begs for the development of more integrated whole body in vivo methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Carpentier AC. Abnormal Myocardial Dietary Fatty Acid Metabolism and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:605-614. [PMID: 29627307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are at very high risk of hospitalization and death from heart failure. Increased prevalence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, autonomic neuropathy, and kidney failure all play a role in this increased risk. However, cardiac metabolic abnormalities are now recognized to play a role in this increased risk. Increased reliance on fatty acids to produce energy might predispose the diabetic heart to oxidative stress and ischemic damage. Intramyocellular accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites leads to a number of cellular abnormalities that might also contribute to cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction. However, fatty acid availability from circulation and from intracellular lipid droplets to fuel the heart is critical to maintain its function. Fatty acids delivery to the heart is very complex and includes plasma nonesterified fatty acid flux as well as triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-mediated transport. Although many studies have shown a cross-sectional association between enhanced fatty acid delivery to the heart and reduction in left ventricular function in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes, these mechanisms change very rapidly during type 2 diabetes treatment. The present review focuses on the role of fatty acids in cardiac function, with particular emphasis on the possible role of early abnormalities of dietary fatty acid metabolism in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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7
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Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Carpentier AC. Molecular imaging of postprandial metabolism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:504-511. [PMID: 28495844 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00212.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disordered postprandial metabolism of energy substrates is one of the main defining features of prediabetes and contributes to the development of several chronic diseases associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Postprandial energy metabolism has been studied using classical isotopic tracer approaches that are limited by poor access to splanchnic metabolism and highly dynamic and complex exchanges of energy substrates involving multiple organs and systems. Advances in noninvasive molecular imaging modalities, such as PET and MRI/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), have recently allowed important advances in our understanding of postprandial energy metabolism in humans. The present review describes some of these recent advances, with particular focus on glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the postprandial state, and discusses current gaps in knowledge and new perspectives of application of PET and MRI/MRS for the investigation and treatment of human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Radiology and Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec , Canada
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8
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Grenier-Larouche T, Carreau AM, Carpentier AC. Early Metabolic Improvement After Bariatric Surgery: The First Steps Toward Remission of Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:418-425. [PMID: 28318939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of bariatric surgery into clinical practice in the 1980s was followed by a relatively long watch-and-wait period before the very rapid accumulation of scientific literature, over the past decade, concerning its clinical effectiveness and safety and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of obesity. These surgical procedures now emerge as the most effective therapeutic modality to induce long-term remission of type 2 diabetes. Recent research has shed light on the potential mechanisms leading to the profound improvement of glucose homeostasis following most bariatric surgery procedures. These mechanisms can be classified as weight loss dependent and independent, both playing sequential and then synergistic antidiabetes roles. Many groups, including our own, have contributed to our understanding of the relative roles of these mechanisms at differing time periods following these procedures. Here we summarize what we currently know about the mechanisms underlying the very rapid, weight loss-independent improvement in glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery. Beyond its impact in the field of bariatric surgery, this new knowledge about the very rapid in vivo "reverse engineering" of type 2 diabetes actually provides unique insights into the intricate and complex mechanisms linking nutrition and obesity with the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Experimental evidences are strong for a role of long-chain saturated fatty acids in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Ectopic accretion of triglycerides in lean organs is a characteristic of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and has been linked to end-organ complications. The contribution of disordered dietary fatty acid (DFA) metabolism to lean organ overexposure and lipotoxicity is still unclear, however. DFA metabolism is very complex and very difficult to study in vivo in humans. RECENT FINDINGS We have recently developed a novel imaging method using PET with oral administration of 14-R,S-F-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) to quantify organ-specific DFA partitioning. Our studies thus far confirmed impaired storage of DFA per volume of fat mass in abdominal adipose tissues of individuals with prediabetes. They also highlighted the increased channeling of DFA toward the heart, associated with subclinical reduction in cardiac systolic and diastolic function in individuals with prediabetes. SUMMARY In the present review, we summarize previous work on DFA metabolism in healthy and prediabetic states and discuss these in the light of our novel findings using PET imaging of DFA metabolism. We herein provide an integrated view of abnormal organ-specific DFA partitioning in prediabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Blondin DP, Tingelstad HC, Noll C, Frisch F, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Turcotte ÉE, Richard D, Haman F, Carpentier AC. Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold-acclimated men. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14146. [PMID: 28134339 PMCID: PMC5290270 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in producing heat to defend against the cold and can metabolize large amounts of dietary fatty acids (DFA). The role of BAT in DFA metabolism in humans is unknown. Here we show that mild cold stimulation (18 °C) results in a significantly greater fractional DFA extraction by BAT relative to skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue in non-cold-acclimated men given a standard liquid meal containing the long-chain fatty acid PET tracer, 14(R,S)-[18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (18FTHA). However, the net contribution of BAT to systemic DFA clearance is comparatively small. Despite a 4-week cold acclimation increasing BAT oxidative metabolism 2.6-fold, BAT DFA uptake does not increase further. These findings show that cold-stimulated BAT can contribute to the clearance of DFA from circulation but its contribution is not as significant as the heart, liver, skeletal muscles or white adipose tissues. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) takes up and burns fatty acids for thermogenesis in mice. Here the authors use PET to show that, in humans, cold stimulation increases BAT dietary fatty acid uptake from plasma and oxidative metabolism, although, unlike mice, human BAT takes up less fatty acids than other metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Hans C Tingelstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Pvt. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Christophe Noll
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Éric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre d'imagerie Moléculaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725, chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Pvt. Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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Noll C, Labbé SM, Pinard S, Shum M, Bilodeau L, Chouinard L, Phoenix S, Lecomte R, Carpentier AC, Gallo-Payet N. Postprandial fatty acid uptake and adipocyte remodeling in angiotensin type 2 receptor-deficient mice fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet. Adipocyte 2016; 5:43-52. [PMID: 27144096 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the angiotensin type-2 receptor in adipose physiology remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate whether genetic angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficiency prevents or worsens metabolic and adipose tissue morphometric changes observed following a 6-week high-fat/high-fructose diet with injection of a small dose of streptozotocin. We compared tissue uptake of nonesterified fatty acid and dietary fatty acid in wild-type and angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice by using the radiotracer 14(R,S)-[(1) (8)F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid in mice fed a standard or high-fat diet. Postprandial fatty acid uptake in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and adipose tissue was increased in wild-type mice after a high-fat diet and in angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice on both standard and high-fat diets. Compared to the wild-type mice, angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice had a lower body weight, an increase in fasting blood glucose and a decrease in plasma insulin and leptin levels. Mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited increased adipocyte size that was prevented by angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficiency. Angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficiency abolished the early hypertrophic adipocyte remodeling induced by a high-fat diet. The small size of adipocytes in the angiotensin type-2 receptor-deficient mice reflects their inability to store lipids and explains the increase in fatty acid uptake in non-adipose tissues. In conclusion, a genetic deletion of the angiotensin type-2 receptor is associated with metabolic dysfunction of white adipose depots, and indicates that adipocyte remodeling occurs before the onset of insulin resistance in the high-fat fed mouse model.
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12
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Noll C, Kunach M, Frisch F, Bouffard L, Dubreuil S, Jean-Denis F, Phoenix S, Cunnane SC, Guérin B, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Seven-Day Caloric and Saturated Fat Restriction Increases Myocardial Dietary Fatty Acid Partitioning in Impaired Glucose-Tolerant Subjects. Diabetes 2015. [PMID: 26224886 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have increased myocardial partitioning of dietary fatty acids (DFAs) with left ventricular dysfunction, both of which are improved by modest weight loss over 1 year induced by lifestyle changes. Here, we determined the effects of a 7-day hypocaloric diet (-500 kcal/day) low in saturated fat (<7% of energy) (LOWCAL study) versus isocaloric with the usual amount saturated fat (∼10% of energy) diet (ISOCAL) on DFA metabolism in subjects with IGT. Organ-specific DFA partitioning and cardiac and hepatic DFA fractional uptake rates were measured in 15 IGT subjects (7 males/8 females) using the oral 14(R,S)-[18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid positron emission tomography method after 7 days of an ISOCAL diet versus a LOWCAL diet using a randomized crossover design. The LOWCAL diet led to reductions in weight and postprandial insulin area under the curve. Myocardial DFA partitioning over 6 h was increased after the LOWCAL diet (2.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.2 mean standard uptake value, P < 0.04). However, the early (90-120 min) myocardial DFA fractional uptake was unchanged after the LOWCAL diet (0.055 ± 0.025 vs. 0.046 ± 0.009 min(-1), P = 0.7). Liver DFA partitioning was unchanged, but liver fractional uptake of DFA tended to be increased. Very short-term caloric and saturated fat dietary restrictions do not lead to the same changes in organ-specific DFA metabolism as those associated with weight loss in subjects with IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margaret Kunach
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérique Frisch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dubreuil
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farrah Jean-Denis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Grenier-Larouche T, Galinier A, Casteilla L, Carpentier AC, Tchernof A. Omental adipocyte hypertrophy relates to coenzyme Q10 redox state and lipid peroxidation in obese women. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1985-92. [PMID: 26239051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p058578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of oxidative stress in white adipose tissues contributes to its dysfunction and the development of obesity-related metabolic complications. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is the single lipophilic antioxidant synthesized in humans and is essential for electron transport during mitochondrial respiration. To understand the role of CoQ10 in adipose tissue physiology and dysfunction, the abundance of the oxidized and reduced (CoQ10red) isoforms of the CoQ10 were quantified in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues of women covering the full range of BMI (from 21.5 to 53.2 kg/m(2)). Lean women displayed regional variations of CoQ10 redox state between the omental and subcutaneous depot, despite similar total content. Obese women had reduced CoQ10red concentrations in the omental depot, leading to increased CoQ10 redox state and higher levels of lipid hydroperoxide. Women with low omental CoQ10 content had greater visceral and subcutaneous adiposity, increased omental adipocyte diameter, and higher circulating interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels and were more insulin resistant. The associations between abdominal obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factors and CoQ10 content in the omental depot were abolished after adjustment for omental adipocyte diameter. This study shows that hypertrophic remodeling of visceral fat closely relates to depletion of CoQ10, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Galinier
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France INSERM U1031, Toulouse, France EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS 5273, UMR STROMALab, Toulouse, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France INSERM U1031, Toulouse, France EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée, Toulouse, France
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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14
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Blondin DP, Labbé SM, Turcotte EE, Haman F, Richard D, Carpentier AC. A critical appraisal of brown adipose tissue metabolism in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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VandenBerg P. The Canadian Diabetes Association, Canadian Society, is funding CDN $7.5 million in research in 2014-2015 to support excellent researchers and research trainees. Can J Diabetes 2014; 38:393-5. [PMID: 25449553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polly VandenBerg
- Manager, Research Knowledge Translation, Canadian Diabetes Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Androgens are regulators of important adipocyte functions such as adipogenesis, lipid storage, and lipolysis. Through depot-specific impact on the cells of each fat compartment, androgens could modulate body fat distribution patterns in humans. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have been shown to inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes to lipid-storing adipocytes in several models including primary cultures of human adipocytes from both men and women. Androgen effects have also been observed on some markers of lipid metabolism such as LPL activity, fatty acid uptake, and lipolysis. Possible depot-specific and sex-specific effects have been observed in some but not all models. Transformation of androgen precursors to active androgens or their inactivation by enzymes that are expressed and functional in adipose tissue may contribute to modulate the local availability of active hormones. These phenomena, along with putative depot-specific interactions with glucocorticoids may contribute to human body fat distribution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Zerradi
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd. R-4779, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, G1V 4G2
- Department of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Julie Dereumetz
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd. R-4779, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, G1V 4G2
- Department of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - Marie-Michèle Boulet
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd. R-4779, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, G1V 4G2
- Department of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada, G1V 4G2
| | - André Tchernof
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd. R-4779, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, G1V 4G2.
- Department of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada, G1V 4G2.
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17
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Leblanc S, Battista MC, Noll C, Hallberg A, Gallo-Payet N, Carpentier AC, Vine DF, Baillargeon JP. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation improves fatty acid ovarian uptake and hyperandrogenemia in an obese rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinology 2014; 155:3684-93. [PMID: 24971613 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is mainly defined by hyperandrogenism but is also characterized by insulin resistance (IR). Studies showed that overexposure of nonadipose tissues to nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) may explain both IR and hyperandrogenism. Recent studies indicate that treatment with an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-selective agonist improves diet-induced IR. We thus hypothesized that PCOS hyperandrogenism is triggered by ovarian NEFA overexposure and is improved after treatment with an AT2R agonist. Experiments were conducted in 12-week-old female JCR:LA-cp/cp rats, which are characterized by visceral obesity, IR, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Control JCR:LA +/? rats have a normal phenotype. Rats were treated for 8 days with saline or the selective AT2R agonist C21/M24 and then assessed for: 1) fasting testosterone, NEFA, and insulin levels; and 2) an iv 14(R,S)-[(18)F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid test to determine NEFA ovarian tissue uptake (Km). Compared with controls, saline-treated PCOS/cp rats displayed higher insulin (100 vs 5.6 μU/mL), testosterone (0.12 vs 0.04 nmol/L), NEFA (0.98 vs 0.48 mmol/L), and Km (20.7 vs 12.9 nmol/g·min) (all P < .0001). In PCOS/cp rats, C21/M24 did not significantly improve insulin or NEFA but normalized testosterone (P = .004) and Km (P = .009), which were strongly correlated together in all PCOS/cp rats (ρ = 0.74, P = .009). In conclusion, in an obese PCOS rat model, ovarian NEFA uptake and testosterone levels are strongly associated and are both significantly reduced after short-term C21/M24 therapy. These findings provide new information on the role of NEFA in PCOS hyperandrogenemia and suggest a potential role for AT2R agonists in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Leblanc
- Division of Endocrinology (S.L., M.-C.B., C.N., N.G.-P., A.C.C., J.-P.B.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4; Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.H.), Biomedicinska Centrum, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 751 23; Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory (D.F.V.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1; and Centre de Recherche Étienne-Lebel (N.G.-P., A.C.C., J.-P.B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
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18
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Labbé SM, Noll C, Grenier-Larouche T, Kunach M, Bouffard L, Phoenix S, Guérin B, Baillargeon JP, Langlois MF, Turcotte EE, Carpentier AC. Improved cardiac function and dietary fatty acid metabolism after modest weight loss in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1388-96. [PMID: 24760989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00638.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel positron emission tomography (PET) method with oral administration of 14(R,S)-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (¹⁸FTHA), we recently demonstrated that subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) display an impairment in cardiac function associated with increased myocardial uptake of dietary fatty acids. Here, we determined whether modest weight loss induced by lifestyle changes might improve these cardiac metabolic and functional abnormalities. Nine participants with IGT, enrolled in a one-year lifestyle intervention trial, were invited to undergo determination of organ-specific postprandial dietary fatty acids partition using the oral ¹⁸FTHA method, and cardiac function and oxidative metabolic index using PET [¹¹C]acetate kinetics with ECG-gated PET ventriculography before and after the intervention. The intervention resulted in significant weight loss and reduction of waist circumference, with reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides excursion. We observed a significant increase in stroke volume, cardiac output, and left ventricular ejection fraction associated with reduced myocardial oxidative metabolic index and fractional dietary fatty acid uptake. Modest weight loss corrects the exaggerated myocardial channeling of dietary fatty acids and improves myocardial energy substrate metabolism and function in IGT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien M Labbé
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Thomas Grenier-Larouche
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Margaret Kunach
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Lucie Bouffard
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Serge Phoenix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Patrice Baillargeon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Marie-France Langlois
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Eric E Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; and
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Carpentier AC. The 2012 CDA-CIHR INMD young investigator award lecture: dysfunction of adipose tissues and the mechanisms of ectopic fat deposition in type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37:109-14. [PMID: 24070801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic fat deposition in skeletal muscles, liver, heart, and other tissues has been closely linked with the development of lean tissues' insulin resistance and progression toward type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mechanisms of overexposure of these tissues to fatty acids include increased de novo lipogenesis, impaired fatty acid oxidation and increased fatty acid flux to these organs. White adipose tissues are the main organs responsible for the regulation of circulating fatty acids. It has been clearly demonstrated that pre-diabetes individuals and individuals with diabetes display impaired adipose tissue dietary fatty acid storage that may lead to increased circulating flux and exaggerated lean tissue fatty acid exposure. Additionally, brown adipose tissue depots are less metabolically active in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We have developed a series of novel in vivo investigative tools using positron emission tomography to comprehensively assess postprandial interorgan fatty acid partitioning and white and brown adipose tissue metabolism in subjects with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Our findings shed new lights into the sophisticated mechanisms that regulate fatty acid partitioning and energy homeostasis during the development of type 2 diabetes. New links between abnormal dietary fatty acid metabolism and early myocardial metabolic and functional defects are now being uncovered in humans with the hope to find novel ways to predict and avoid the devastating complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- CIHR-GSK Chair in Diabetes Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Grenier-Larouche T, Labbé SM, Noll C, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Metabolic inflexibility of white and brown adipose tissues in abnormal fatty acid partitioning of type 2 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2012; 2:S37-42. [PMID: 27152152 PMCID: PMC4850609 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2012.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a general dysregulation of postprandial energy substrate partitioning. Although classically described in regard to glucose metabolism, it is now evident that metabolic inflexibility of plasma lipid fluxes is also present in T2D. The organ that is most importantly involved in the latter metabolic defect is the white adipose tissue (WAT). Both catecholamine-induced nonesterified fatty acid mobilization and insulin-stimulated storage of meal fatty acids are impaired in many WAT depots of insulin-resistant individuals. Novel molecular imaging techniques now demonstrate that these defects are linked to increased dietary fatty acid fluxes toward lean organs and myocardial dysfunction in humans. Recent findings also demonstrate functional abnormalities of brown adipose tissues in T2D, thus suggesting that a generalized adipose tissue dysregulation of energy storage and dissipation may be at play in the development of lean tissue energy overload and lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grenier-Larouche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - S M Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - C Noll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - D Richard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - A C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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