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Knez E, Kadac-Czapska K, Grembecka M. The importance of food quality, gut motility, and microbiome in SIBO development and treatment. Nutrition 2024; 124:112464. [PMID: 38657418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is rising worldwide, particularly in nations with high rates of urbanization. Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel illnesses, and nonspecific dysmotility are strongly linked to SIBO. Moreover, repeated antibiotic therapy promotes microorganisms' overgrowth through the development of antibiotic resistance. The primary cause of excessive fermentation in the small intestine is a malfunctioning gastrointestinal motor complex, which results in the gut's longer retention of food residues. There are anatomical and physiological factors affecting the functioning of the myoelectric motor complex. Except for them, diet conditions the activity of gastrointestinal transit. Indisputably, the Western type of nutrition is unfavorable. Some food components have greater importance in the functioning of the gastrointestinal motor complex than others. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor of the serotonin hormone, accelerates intestinal transit, and gastric emptying, similarly to fiber and polyphenols. Additionally, the effect of food on the microbiome is important, and diet should prevent bacterial overgrowth and exhibit antimicrobial effects against pathogens. Therefore, knowledge about proper nutrition is essential to prevent the development and recurrence of SIBO. Since the scientific world was unsure whether there was a long-term or potential solution for SIBO until quite recently, research on a number of the topics included in the article should be performed. The article aimed to summarize current knowledge about proper nutrition after SIBO eradication and the prevention of recurrent bacterial overgrowth. Moreover, a connection was found between diet, gut dysmotility, and SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Knez
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Atanga R, Appell LL, Thompson MN, Lauer FT, Brearley A, Campen MJ, Castillo EF, In JG. Single Cell Analysis of Human Colonoids Exposed to Uranium-Bearing Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57006. [PMID: 38771937 PMCID: PMC11108582 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium exposure remains an important environmental legacy and physiological health concern, with hundreds of abandoned uranium mines located in the Southwestern United States largely impacting underserved indigenous communities. The negative effects of heavy metals on barrier permeability and inhibition of intestinal epithelial healing have been described; however, transcriptomic changes within the intestinal epithelial cells and impacts on lineage differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Herein, we sought to determine the molecular and cellular changes that occur in the colon in response to uranium bearing dust (UBD) exposure. METHODS Human colonoids from three biologically distinct donors were acutely exposed to UBD then digested for single cell RNA sequencing to define the molecular changes that occur to specific identities of colonic epithelial cells. Validation in colonoids was assessed using morphological and imaging techniques. RESULTS Human colonoids acutely exposed to UBD exhibited disrupted proliferation and hyperplastic differentiation of the secretory lineage cell, enteroendocrine cells (EEC). Single-cell RNA sequencing also showed more EEC subtypes present in UBD-exposed colonoids. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the significance of crypt-based proliferative cells and secretory cell differentiation using human colonoids to model major colonic responses to uranium-bearing particulate dust exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atanga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lidia L. Appell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Myranda N. Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Adrian Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Julie G. In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Kunnummal SP, Khan M. Diet-gut microbiome interaction and ferulic acid bioavailability: implications on neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:51-66. [PMID: 37747555 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Ferulic acid (FA), which occurs naturally as the feruloylated sugar ester in grains, fruits, and vegetables, is critical for combating oxidative stress and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases resulting from free radical-generated protein aggregates in brain cells. However, FA cannot be absorbed in conjugated form. Therefore, strategies to improve the bioavailability of FA are gaining more importance. Ferulic acid esterases (FAE) of the gut microbiota are critical enzymes that facilitate FA release from feruloylated sugar ester conjugates and influence systemic health. This review provides insight into a nutrition-based approach to preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by altering the diversity of FAE-producing gut microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS The human gut is a niche for a highly dense microbial population. Nutrient components and the quality of food shape the gut microbiota. Microbiota-diet-host interaction primarily involves an array of enzymes that hydrolyse complex polysaccharides and release covalently attached moieties, thereby increasing their bio-accessibility. Moreover, genes encoding polysaccharide degrading enzymes are substrate inducible, giving selective microorganisms a competitive advantage in scavenging nutrients. Nutraceutical therapy using specific food components holds promise as a prophylactic agent and as an adjunctive treatment strategy in neurotherapeutics, as it results in upregulation of polysaccharide utilisation loci containing fae genes in the gut microbiota, thereby increasing the release of FA and other antioxidant molecules and combat neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarika Pothuvan Kunnummal
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mahejibin Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Sah RK, Nandan A, Kv A, S P, S S, Jose A, Venkidasamy B, Nile SH. Decoding the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain axis, stress-resilience, or stress-susceptibility: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103861. [PMID: 38134565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased exposure to stress is associated with stress-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, susceptibility to stress is not seen in every individual exposed to stress, and many of them exhibit resilience. Thus, developing resilience to stress could be a big breakthrough in stress-related disorders, with the potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies. In this article, we have focused on the recent advancements in gut microbiome research and the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress. There might be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system, endocrine system, microbial metabolites, and bioactive lipids like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and their metabolites that regulates the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. High fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, plant supplements, and fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) could be beneficial against gut dysbiosis-associated brain disorders. These could promote the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria, thereby enhancing the gut barrier and reducing the gut inflammatory response, increase the expression of the claudin-2 protein associated with the gut barrier, and maintain the blood-brain barrier integrity by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5. Their neuroprotective effects might also be related to enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Further investigations are needed in the field of the gut microbiome for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Kv
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathianarayanan S
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Jose
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Xie W, Li C, Huang X. Risk Factor Analysis and Intervention Study for Unspecific Functional Enteropathy in a Maritime Environment: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Survey. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4757-4763. [PMID: 37881477 PMCID: PMC10597369 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s423773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to investigate the risk factors and interventions for unspecific functional bowel disorders (U-FBDs) in military personnel under maritime environment. Methods This cross-sectional analytical survey used the Rome III questionnaire for surveying 1018 military personnel involved in overseas humanitarian medical services from June 2013 to January 2016. Individuals diagnosed with U-FBDs were included in the U-FBDs group, while those without FBDs or other diseases were considered the control group. The psychological and sleep conditions of military personnel with U-FBDs were assessed using the SCL-90 scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale, respectively. Health education and treatment were provided to individuals diagnosed with U-FBDs, and the improvements were evaluated after three months. Results Among 923 qualified questionnaires, 243 subjects was included in U-FBDs group and 240 in the control group. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and multiple seafaring missions were identified as risk factors for U-FBDs in military personnel on ocean-going missions. The U-FBDs group had significantly worse sleep quality, sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction score, and total PSQI score compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, 10 factor scores of SCL-90 and the total score in the U-FBDs group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Patients with U-FBDs also reported the highest rate of somatic symptoms (P < 0.01). Conclusion The onset of U-FBDs among military personnel on long-haul maritime may be closely related to mental, psychological, and sleep factors. Health education and treatment may help improve the symptoms of U-FBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Sixth Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Sixth Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Xie
- Sixth Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congyong Li
- Sixth Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Sixth Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
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Pan I, Issac PK, Rahman MM, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Gut-Brain Axis a Key Player to Control Gut Dysbiosis in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3. [PMID: 37851313 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a chronic neuropathy characterised by the formation of Lewy bodies (misfolded alpha-synuclein) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain. Dopaminergic neurons play a vital role in generating both motor and non-motor symptoms. Finding therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease (PD) is hindered due to an incomplete understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Existing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD via immunological, neuroendocrine, and direct neural mechanisms. Gut microbial dysbiosis triggers the loss of dopaminergic neurons via mitochondrial dysfunction. Gut dysbiosis triggers bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, which increases the permeability barrier and induces systemic inflammation. It results in excessive stimulation of the innate immune system. In addition to that, activation of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells initiates the aggregation of alpha-synuclein. This alpha-synucleinopathy thus affects all levels of the brain-gut axis, including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Though the neurobiological signaling cascade between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system is poorly understood, gut microbial metabolites may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. This article summarises all the known possible ways of bidirectional signal communication, i.e., the "gut-brain axis," where microbes from the middle gut interact with the brain and vice versa, and highlights a unique way to treat neurodegenerative diseases by maintaining homeostasis. The tenth cranial nerve (vagus nerve) plays a significant part in this signal communication. However, the leading regulatory factor for this axis is a diet that helps with microbial colonisation and brain function. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from microbially fermented dietary fibres, link host nutrition to maintain intestinal homeostasis. In addition to that, probiotics modulate cognitive function and the metabolic and behavioural conditions of the body. As technology advances, new techniques will emerge to study the tie-up between gut microbes and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Laboratory of Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Gryksa K, Schmidtner AK, Masís-Calvo M, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Havasi A, Wirobski G, Maloumby R, Jägle H, Bosch OJ, Slattery DA, Neumann ID. Selective breeding of rats for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour: A unique model for comorbid depression and social dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105292. [PMID: 37353047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of selective breeding for extremes in emotionality are a strong experimental approach to model psychopathologies. They became indispensable in order to increase our understanding of neurobiological, genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental mechanisms contributing to anxiety disorders and their association with depressive symptoms or social deficits. In the present review, we extensively discuss Wistar rats selectively bred for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour on the elevated plus-maze. After 30 years of breeding, we can confirm the prominent differences between HAB and LAB rats in trait anxiety, which are accompanied by consistent differences in depressive-like, social and cognitive behaviours. We can further confirm a single nucleotide polymorphism in the vasopressin promotor of HAB rats causative for neuropeptide overexpression, and show that low (or high) anxiety and fear levels are unlikely due to visual dysfunctions. Thus, HAB and LAB rats continue to exist as a reliable tool to study the multiple facets underlying the pathology of high trait anxiety and its comorbidity with depression-like behaviour and social dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gryksa
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna K Schmidtner
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marianella Masís-Calvo
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Odir A Rodríguez-Villagra
- Centro de Investigación en Neurosciencias, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Andrea Havasi
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gwendolyn Wirobski
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rodrigue Maloumby
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Herbert Jägle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Kuijer EJ, Steenbergen L. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: current state and future challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105296. [PMID: 37380040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental shift in neuroscience suggests bidirectional interaction of gut microbiota with the healthy and dysfunctional brain. This microbiota-gut-brain axis has mainly been investigated in stress-related psychopathology (e.g. depression, anxiety). The hippocampus, a key structure in both the healthy brain and psychopathologies, is implicated by work in rodents that suggests gut microbiota substantially impact hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. However, understanding microbiota-hippocampus mechanisms in health and disease, and translation to humans, is hampered by the absence of a coherent evaluative approach. We review the current knowledge regarding four main gut microbiota-hippocampus routes in rodents: through the vagus nerve; via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis; by metabolism of neuroactive substances; and through modulation of host inflammation. Next, we suggest an approach including testing (biomarkers of) the four routes as a function of the influence of gut microbiota (composition) on hippocampal-dependent (dys)functioning. We argue that such an approach is necessary to proceed from the current state of preclinical research to beneficial application in humans to optimise microbiota-based strategies to treat and enhance hippocampal-dependent memory (dys)functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise J Kuijer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Benameur T, Porro C, Twfieg ME, Benameur N, Panaro MA, Filannino FM, Hasan A. Emerging Paradigms in Inflammatory Disease Management: Exploring Bioactive Compounds and the Gut Microbiota. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1226. [PMID: 37626582 PMCID: PMC10452544 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of mutualistic microorganisms that play a critical role in maintaining human health through their individual interactions and with the host. The normal gastrointestinal microbiota plays a specific physiological function in host immunomodulation, nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural and functional integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, and protection against various pathogens. Inflammation is the innate immune response of living tissues to injury and damage caused by infections, physical and chemical trauma, immunological factors, and genetic derangements. Most diseases are associated with an underlying inflammatory process, with inflammation mediated through the contribution of active immune cells. Current strategies to control inflammatory pathways include pharmaceutical drugs, lifestyle, and dietary changes. However, this remains insufficient. Bioactive compounds (BCs) are nutritional constituents found in small quantities in food and plant extracts that provide numerous health benefits beyond their nutritional value. BCs are known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-metabolic syndrome, and anti-inflammatory properties. Bioactive compounds have been shown to reduce the destructive effect of inflammation on tissues by inhibiting or modulating the effects of inflammatory mediators, offering hope for patients suffering from chronic inflammatory disorders like atherosclerosis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review is to summarise the role of natural bioactive compounds in modulating inflammation and protecting human health, for their safety to preserve gut microbiota and improve their physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mohammed-Elfatih Twfieg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassima Benameur
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Sciences of Nature and Life, Research Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Sustainable Development and Environment (LARGHYDE), Mohamed Khider University, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Abeir Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Atanga R, Appell LL, Lauer FT, Brearley A, Campen MJ, Castillo EF, In JG. Uranium-bearing dust induces differentiation and expansion of enteroendocrine cells in human colonoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552796. [PMID: 37609291 PMCID: PMC10441413 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental toxins and heavy metals has been associated with intestinal inflammation, increased susceptibility to pathogen-induced diseases, and higher incidences of colorectal cancer, all of which have been steadily increasing in prevalence for the past 40 years. The negative effects of heavy metals on barrier permeability and inhibition of intestinal epithelial healing have been described; however, transcriptomic changes within the intestinal epithelial cells and impacts on lineage differentiation are largely unknown. Uranium exposure remains an important environmental legacy and physiological health concern, with hundreds of abandoned uranium mines located in the Southwestern United States largely impacting underserved indigenous communities. Herein, using human colonoids, we defined the molecular and cellular changes that occur in response to uranium bearing dust (UBD) exposure. We used single cell RNA sequencing to define the molecular changes that occur to specific identities of colonic epithelial cells. We demonstrate that this environmental toxicant disrupts proliferation and induces hyperplastic differentiation of secretory lineage cells, particularly enteroendocrine cells (EEC). EECs respond to UBD exposure with increased differentiation into de novo EEC sub-types not found in control colonoids. This UBD-induced EEC differentiation does not occur via canonical transcription factors NEUROG3 or NEUROD1. These findings highlight the significance of crypts-based proliferative cells and secretory cell differentiation as major colonic responses to heavy metal-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atanga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Lidia L. Appell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Adrian Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Julie G. In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Redondo-Flórez L, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2749. [PMID: 37375654 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such "Western diet", "inflammation", "metabolic health", "metabolic fitness", "heart disease", "cancer", "oxidative stress", "mental health", and "metabolism" were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review's primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual's metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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12
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Inge Schytz Andersen-Civil A, Anjan Sawale R, Claude Vanwalleghem G. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a translational model for neuro-immune interactions in the enteric nervous system in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2023:S0889-1591(23)00142-3. [PMID: 37301234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect about 1% of the population and are strongly associated with gastrointestinal diseases creating shortcomings in quality of life. Multiple factors contribute to the development of ASD and although neurodevelopmental deficits are central, the pathogenesis of the condition is complex and the high prevalence of intestinal disorders is poorly understood. In agreement with the prominent research establishing clear bidirectional interactions between the gut and the brain, several studies have made it evident that such a relation also exists in ASD. Thus, dysregulation of the gut microbiota and gut barrier integrity may play an important role in ASD. However, only limited research has investigated how the enteric nervous system (ENS) and intestinal mucosal immune factors may impact on the development of ASD-related intestinal disorders. This review focuses on the mechanistic studies that elucidate the regulation and interactions between enteric immune cells, residing gut microbiota and the ENS in models of ASD. Especially the multifaceted properties and applicability of zebrafish (Danio rerio) for the study of ASD pathogenesis are assessed in comparison to studies conducted in rodent models and humans. Advances in molecular techniques and in vivo imaging, combined with genetic manipulation and generation of germ-free animals in a controlled environment, appear to make zebrafish an underestimated model of choice for the study of ASD. Finally, we establish the research gaps that remain to be explored to further our understanding of the complexity of ASD pathogenesis and associated mechanisms that may lead to intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Inge Schytz Andersen-Civil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Rajlakshmi Anjan Sawale
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gilles Claude Vanwalleghem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Sabit H, Kassab A, Alaa D, Mohamed S, Abdel-Ghany S, Mansy M, Said OA, Khalifa MA, Hafiz H, Abushady AM. The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4080-4099. [PMID: 37232729 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases may entail disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic pathways. Variations in how these effects present themselves may be connected to individual variances in clinical symptoms and treatment responses, such as the observation that a significant fraction of participants do not respond to current antipsychotic drugs. A bidirectional signaling pathway between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The large and small intestines contain more than 100 trillion microbial cells, contributing to the intestinal ecosystem's incredible complexity. Interactions between the microbiota and intestinal epithelium can alter brain physiology and affect mood and behavior. There has recently been a focus on how these relationships impact mental health. According to evidence, intestinal microbiota may play a role in neurological and mental illnesses. Intestinal metabolites of microbial origin, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and bacterial components that might stimulate the host's immune system, are mentioned in this review. We aim to shed some on the growing role of gut microbiota in inducing/manipulating several psychiatric disorders, which may pave the way for novel microbiota-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Areej Kassab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Donia Alaa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaza Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Said
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mona A Khalifa
- Faculty of Art and Science, Samtah, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah Hafiz
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Factually of Applied Medical Science, Umm Alqura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Abushady
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza 41516, Egypt
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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14
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Calabrò S, Kankowski S, Cescon M, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Peripheral Nervous System in Physiological, Regenerative and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098061. [PMID: 37175764 PMCID: PMC10179357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that the gut microbiota is responsible for essential functions in human health and that its perturbation is implicated in the development and progression of a growing list of diseases. The number of studies evaluating how the gut microbiota interacts with and influences other organs and systems in the body and vice versa is constantly increasing and several 'gut-organ axes' have already been defined. Recently, the view on the link between the gut microbiota (GM) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has become broader by exceeding the fact that the PNS can serve as a systemic carrier of GM-derived metabolites and products to other organs. The PNS as the communication network between the central nervous system and the periphery of the body and internal organs can rather be affected itself by GM perturbation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the impact of gut microbiota on the PNS, with regard to its somatic and autonomic divisions, in physiological, regenerative and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Calabrò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
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15
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Homer B, Judd J, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Ebrahimie E, Trott DJ. Gut Microbiota and Behavioural Issues in Production, Performance, and Companion Animals: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091458. [PMID: 37174495 PMCID: PMC10177538 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Homer
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jackson Judd
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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Longo S, Rizza S, Federici M. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: relationships among the vagus nerve, gut microbiota, obesity, and diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2023:10.1007/s00592-023-02088-x. [PMID: 37058160 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this review is to explore the interconnected pathways of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), focusing on the roles of the vagus nerve and glucagon like peptide-1 in appetite control, and in the development of obesity and diabetes. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are metabolic disorders whose prevalence has significantly increased in recent decades and is expected to increase every year, to pandemic proportions. These two pathologies often coexist and have substantial public health implications. The term "diabesity" defines the pathophysiological connection between overweight and T2DM. The gut microbiota affects many aspects of the host. Beyond the regulation of intestinal functions and the activation of immune responses, the gut microbiota plays a role in central nervous system functions (i.e., mood, and psychiatric conditions associated with stress and memory) and is a central regulator of metabolism and appetite. RESULTS The MGBA involves pathways such as the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system, enteroendocrine cells, and microbial metabolites. Notably, the vagus nerve plays an essential role in eating behavior by modulating appetite and learning nutritional preferences. CONCLUSIONS Because of its enteroendocrine cell-mediated interaction with the gut microbiota, the vagus nerve may provide a potential pathway through which gut microorganisms influence host feeding behavior and metabolic control of physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Longo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1671-1704. [PMID: 37051344 PMCID: PMC10084985 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non-GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liang
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of NeurologyMedical School of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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18
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Faulin TDES, Estadella D. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:144-154. [PMID: 37194773 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202301000-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Several pathways enable bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS), the intestine and its microbiota, constituting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVE Review the pathophysiology of AD, relate it to the microbiota-gut-brain axis and discuss the possibility of using probiotics in the treatment and/or prevention of this disease. METHODS Search of articles from the PubMed database published in the last 5 years (2017 to 2022) structure the narrative review. RESULTS The composition of the gut microbiota influences the CNS, resulting in changes in host behavior and may be related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Some metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, while other compounds produced by the microbiota during the fermentation of food in the intestine, such as D-glutamate and fatty acids short chain, are beneficial in cognitive function. The consumption of live microorganisms beneficial to health, known as probiotics, has been tested in laboratory animals and humans to evaluate the effect on AD. CONCLUSION Although there are few clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotic consumption in humans with AD, the results to date indicate a beneficial contribution of the use of probiotics in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Estadella
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brasil
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19
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Tarif AMM, Islam MN, Jahan MR, Afrin M, Meher MM, Nozaki K, Masumoto KH, Yanai A, Shinoda K. Neurochemical phenotypes of huntingtin-associated protein 1 in reference to secretomotor and vasodilator neurons in the submucosal plexuses of rodent small intestine. Neurosci Res 2022; 191:13-27. [PMID: 36581175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1(HAP1) is an immunohistochemical marker of the stigmoid body (STB). Brain and spinal cord regions with lack of STB/HAP1 immunoreactivity are always neurodegenerative targets, whereas STB/HAP1 abundant regions are usually spared from neurodegeneration. In addition to the brain and spinal cord, HAP1 is abundantly expressed in the excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons in myenteric plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS). However, the detailed expression of HAP1 and its neurochemical characterization in submucosal plexuses of ENS are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the expression and neurochemical characterization of HAP1 in the submucosal plexuses of the small intestine in adult mice and rats. HAP1 was highly expressed in the submucosal plexuses of both rodents. The percentage of HAP1-immunoreactive submucosal neurons was not significantly varied between the intestinal segments of these rodents. Double immunofluorescence results revealed that almost all the cholinergic secretomotor neurons containing ChAT/ CGRP/ somatostatin/ calretinin, non-cholinergic secretomotor neurons containing VIP/NOS/TH/calretinin, and vasodilator neurons containing VIP/calretinin expressed HAP1. Our current study is the first to clarify that STB/HAP1 is expressed in secretomotor and vasodilator neurons of submucosal plexuses, suggesting that STB/HAP1 might modulate or protect the secretomotor and vasodilator functions of submucosal neurons in ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Md Mamun Tarif
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Md Nabiul Islam
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mir Rubayet Jahan
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Marya Afrin
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Mienur Meher
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan; Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755- 8505, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozaki
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Masumoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akie Yanai
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan; Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755- 8505, Japan
| | - Koh Shinoda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
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Zhang C, Xue P, Zhang H, Tan C, Zhao S, Li X, Sun L, Zheng H, Wang J, Zhang B, Lang W. Gut brain interaction theory reveals gut microbiota mediated neurogenesis and traditional Chinese medicine research strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1072341. [PMID: 36569198 PMCID: PMC9772886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and glial cells in certain areas of the adult brain. Defects in neurogenesis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, and other maladies. This process is directionally regulated by transcription factors, the Wnt and Notch pathway, the extracellular matrix, and various growth factors. External factors like stress, physical exercise, diet, medications, etc., affect neurogenesis and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota may affect NSCs through vagal, immune and chemical pathways, and other pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven to affect NSCs proliferation and differentiation and can regulate the abundance and metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these factors regulate neurogenesis through the gut microbiota are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the recent evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in neurogenesis. Moreover, we hypothesize on the characteristics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis based on bacterial phyla, including microbiota's metabolites, and neuronal and immune pathways while providing an outlook on TCM's potential effects on adult neurogenesis by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chenxi Tan
- Department of Infection Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shiyao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Academic Affairs Office, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Baoling Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China,*Correspondence: Weiya Lang,
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Dacrema M, Ali A, Ullah H, Khan A, Di Minno A, Xiao J, Martins AMC, Daglia M. Spice-Derived Bioactive Compounds Confer Colorectal Cancer Prevention via Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225682. [PMID: 36428774 PMCID: PMC9688386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality among all types of malignancies. Sedentary lifestyles, obesity, smoking, red and processed meat, low-fiber diets, inflammatory bowel disease, and gut dysbiosis are the most important risk factors associated with CRC pathogenesis. Alterations in gut microbiota are positively correlated with colorectal carcinogenesis, as these can dysregulate the immune response, alter the gut's metabolic profile, modify the molecular processes in colonocytes, and initiate mutagenesis. Changes in the daily diet, and the addition of plant-based nutraceuticals, have the ability to modulate the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating host immune and inflammatory responses. Spices are one of the fundamental components of the human diet that are used for their bioactive properties (i.e., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) and these exert beneficial effects on health, improving digestion and showing anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and glucose- and cholesterol-lowering activities, as well as possessing properties that affect cognition and mood. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of spices could be useful in the prevention of various types of cancers that affect the digestive system. This review is designed to summarize the reciprocal interactions between dietary spices and the gut microbiota, and highlight the impact of dietary spices and their bioactive compounds on colorectal carcinogenesis by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dacrema
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arif Ali
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430372, Brazil
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Nowshera, Nowshera 24110, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430372, Brazil
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Ustianowska K, Ustianowski Ł, Machaj F, Gorący A, Rosik J, Szostak B, Szostak J, Pawlik A. The Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13267. [PMID: 36362056 PMCID: PMC9659276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a pathophysiological reaction of numerous organs. It results from the bidirectional communication of the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, called the gut-brain axis. The signals in the gut-brain axis are mediated by immunological, hormonal, and neural pathways. However, it is also influenced by microorganisms in the gut. The disturbances in the gut-brain axis are associated with gastrointestinal syndromes, but recently their role in the development of different types of pain was reported. The gut microbiome could be the factor in the central sensitization of chronic pain by regulating microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells. Dysbiosis could lead to incorrect immune responses, resulting in the development of inflammatory pain such as endometriosis. Furthermore, chronic visceral pain, associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, could result from a disruption in the gut microenvironment. Any alteration in the gut-brain axis could also trigger migraine attacks by affecting cytokine expression. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in pain pathophysiology leads to the development of analgetic therapies targeting microorganisms. Probiotics, FODMAP diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reported to be beneficial in treating visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Machaj
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Independent Laboratory of Invasive Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Rosik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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23
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Gimenes GM, Santana GO, Scervino MVM, Curi R, Pereira JNB. A short review on the features of the non-obese diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat intestine. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11910. [PMID: 36000611 PMCID: PMC9394691 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e11910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese experimental model of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) that allows researchers to monitor diabetes-induced changes
without jeopardizing the effects of obesity. This rat strain exhibits notable
gastrointestinal features associated with T2DM, such as marked alterations in
intestinal morphology, reduced intestinal motility, slow transit, and modified
microbiota compared to Wistar rats. The primary treatments for diabetic patients
include administration of hypoglycemic agents and insulin, and lifestyle
changes. Emerging procedures, including alternative therapies, metabolic
surgeries, and modulation of the intestinal microbiota composition, have been
shown to improve the diabetic state of GK rats. This review describes the
morpho-physiological diabetic-associated features of the gastrointestinal tract
(GIT) of GK rats. We also describe promising strategies, e.g., metabolic surgery
and modulation of gut microbiota composition, used to target the GIT of this
animal model to improve the diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Gimenes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - G O Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M V M Scervino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Centro Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J N B Pereira
- Laboratório Estratégico de Diagnóstico Molecular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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24
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Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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25
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The Therapeutic Role of Ketogenic Diet in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091952. [PMID: 35565918 PMCID: PMC9102882 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate and adequate-protein diet that has gained popularity in recent years in the context of neurological diseases (NDs). The complexity of the pathogenesis of these diseases means that effective forms of treatment are still lacking. Conventional therapy is often associated with increasing tolerance and/or drug resistance. Consequently, more effective therapeutic strategies are being sought to increase the effectiveness of available forms of therapy and improve the quality of life of patients. For the moment, it seems that KD can provide therapeutic benefits in patients with neurological problems by effectively controlling the balance between pro- and antioxidant processes and pro-excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and modulating inflammation or changing the composition of the gut microbiome. In this review we evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of KD in epilepsy, depression, migraine, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In our opinion, KD should be considered as an adjuvant therapeutic option for some neurological diseases.
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26
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Vera-Urbina F, Dos Santos-Torres MF, Godoy-Vitorino F, Torres-Hernández BA. The Gut Microbiome May Help Address Mental Health Disparities in Hispanics: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040763. [PMID: 35456813 PMCID: PMC9029366 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–brain axis is the biological connection between the enteric and the central nervous systems. Given the expansion of the microbial sciences with the new human microbiome field facilitated by the decrease in sequencing costs, we now know more about the role of gut microbiota in human health. In this short review, particular focus is given to the gut–brain axis and its role in psychiatric diseases such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, factors that contribute to changes in the gut–brain axis, including the gut microbiome, nutrition, the host’s genome, and ethnic difference, are highlighted. Emphasis is given to the lack of studies on Hispanic populations, despite the fact this ethnic group has a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vera-Urbina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico; (F.V.U.); (M.F.D.S.T.)
| | - María F. Dos Santos-Torres
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico; (F.V.U.); (M.F.D.S.T.)
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico;
| | - Bianca A. Torres-Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-787-758-2525 (ext. 5437 or 5410)
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27
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Tesei D, Jewczynko A, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040495. [PMID: 35454986 PMCID: PMC9031868 DOI: 10.3390/life12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anna Jewczynko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130, USA
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Correspondence:
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28
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Zhao M, Zhang B, Deng L. The Mechanism of Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Front Nutr 2022; 9:859189. [PMID: 35399689 PMCID: PMC8993146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.859189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR), a potential neurotoxin, is produced by the Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and free amino acids during food processing. Over the past decade, the neurotoxicity of ACR has caused increasing concern, prompting many related studies. This review summarized the relevant literature published in recent years and discussed the exposure to occupational, environmental, and daily ACR contamination in food. Moreover, ACR metabolism and the potential mechanism of ACR-induced neurotoxicity were discussed, with particular focus on the axonal degeneration of the nervous system, nerve cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-brain axis homeostasis. Additionally, the limitations of existing knowledge, as well as new perspectives, were examined, specifically regarding the connection between the neurotoxicity caused by ACR and neurodegenerative diseases, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related neuroinflammation, and microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling. This review might provide systematic information for developing an alternative pathway approach to assess ACR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mengyao Zhao,
| | - Boya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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29
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Blecharz-Klin K, Świerczyńska M, Piechal A, Wawer A, Joniec-Maciejak I, Pyrzanowska J, Wojnar E, Zawistowska-Deniziak A, Sulima-Celińska A, Młocicki D, Mirowska-Guzel D. Infection with intestinal helminth (Hymenolepis diminuta) impacts exploratory behavior and cognitive processes in rats by changing the central level of neurotransmitters. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010330. [PMID: 35286352 PMCID: PMC8947016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites may significantly affect the functioning of the host organism including immune response and gut-brain-axis ultimately leading to alteration of the host behavior. The impact of intestinal worms on the host central nervous system (CNS) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intestinal infection by the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta on behavior and functions of the CNS in rats. The 3 months old animals were infected, and the effects on anxiety, exploration, sensorimotor skills and learning processes were assessed at 18 months in Open Field (OF), Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and the Water Maze (WM) tests. After completing the behavioral studies, both infected and non-infected rats were sacrificed, and the collected tissues were subjected to biochemical analysis. The levels of neurotransmitters, their metabolites and amino acids in selected structures of the CNS were determined by HPLC. In addition, the gene expression profile of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) was evaluated by Real-Time PCR to determine the immune response within the CNS to the tapeworm infection. The parasites caused significant changes in exploratory behavior, most notably, a reduction of velocity and total distance moved in the OF test; the infected rats exhibited decreased frequency in the central zone, which may indicate a higher level of anxiety. Additionally, parasite infestation improved spatial memory, assessed in the WM test, and recognition of new objects. These changes are related to the identified reduction in noradrenaline level in the CNS structures and less pronounced changes in striatal serotonergic neurotransmission. H. diminuta infestation was also found to cause a significant reduction of hippocampal expression of IL-6. Our results provide new data for further research on brain function during parasitic infections especially in relation to helminths and diseases in which noradrenergic system may play an important role. Recent advances in the research on parasitic manipulation and/or control of the nervous system of their host resulted in the development of neuro-parasitology, a new and emerging branch of science. There have been advances in this area in relation to parasite-insect interactions or parasites directly invading central nervous system (CNS). However, the neuro-parasitology of parasitic infections in vertebrate hosts remains unexplored. In our study the effect of intestinal infection by the tapeworm on the behavior, neurotransmission and functions of the CNS in rats was evaluated. This infection positively influenced spatial memory and new object recognition. At the same time, the infected animals developed a greater level of anxiety and move more slowly. Behavioral changes were related to the reduction in noradrenaline level in the CNS structures, and less pronounced changes in striatal serotonergic neurotransmission. The results provide important data for the further progress in neuro-parasitology and our understanding of parasite-host interactions. In our opinion in the near future may turn out that the role of the intestinal host macrobiome in the CNS functioning may be just as significant as that of the microbiome. Presented neuro-immunological data provide a new perspectives for further studies on the CNS under intestinal parasite infection. The data of behavioral changes induced by active parasitic infection may be valid for explanations of the host-parasite relationship at the evolutionary level and their molecular adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Świerczyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Wawer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Wojnar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Sulima-Celińska
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Młocicki
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (DM); (DM-G)
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (DM); (DM-G)
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30
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Hu S, Luo L, Zeng L. Tea combats circadian rhythm disorder syndrome via the gut-liver-brain axis: potential mechanisms speculated. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7126-7147. [PMID: 35187990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an intrinsic mechanism developed by organisms to adapt to external environmental signals. Nowadays, owing to the job and after-work entertainment, staying up late - Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are common. CRD is linked to the development of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastroenteritis, which affecting the body's metabolic and inflammatory responses via multi-organ crosstalk (gut-liver-brain axis, etc.). However, studies on the mechanisms of multi-organ interactions by CRD are still weak. Current studies on therapeutic agents for CRD remain inadequate, and phytochemicals have been shown to alleviate CRD-induced syndromes that may be used for CRD-therapy in the future. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, reduces glucolipid metabolism and inflammation. But it is immature and unclear in the mechanisms of alleviation of CRD-mediated syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the threat of CRD to hosts and their offspring' health from the perspective of the "gut-liver-brain" axis. The potential mechanisms of tea in alleviating CRD were further explored. It might be by interfering with bile acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptors, with FXR, AHR, and GPCR as potential targets. We hope to provide new perspectives on the role of tea in the prevention and mitigation of CRD.HighlightsThe review highlights the health challenges of CRD via the gut-liver-brain axis.CRD research should focus on the health effects on healthy models and its offspring.Tea may prevent CRD by regulating bile acid, tryptophan, and GPCR.Potential targets for tea prevention and mitigation of CRD include FXR, AHR and GPCR.A comprehensive assessment mechanism for tea in improving CRD should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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31
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D-Amino Acids as a Biomarker in Schizophrenia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10010009. [PMID: 35225861 PMCID: PMC8883943 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids may play key roles for specific physiological functions in different organs including the brain. Importantly, D-amino acids have been detected in several neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and age-related disorders, reflecting the disease conditions. Relationships between D-amino acids and neurophysiology may involve the significant contribution of D-Serine or D-Aspartate to the synaptic function, including neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Gut-microbiota could play important roles in the brain-function, since bacteria in the gut provide a significant contribution to the host pool of D-amino acids. In addition, the alteration of the composition of the gut microbiota might lead to schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are known as a physiologically active substance, constituting useful biomarkers of several brain disorders including schizophrenia. In this review, we wish to provide an outline of the roles of D-amino acids in brain health and neuropsychiatric disorders with a focus on schizophrenia, which may shed light on some of the superior diagnoses and/or treatments of schizophrenia.
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32
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Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth as Potential Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111663. [PMID: 34769091 PMCID: PMC8584211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and the brain are closely connected via the so-called gut–brain axis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a gut dysbiosis in which the small intestine is abundantly colonized by bacteria that are typically found in the colon. Though not a disease, it may result in intestinal symptoms caused by the accumulation of microbial gases in the intestine. Intestinal inflammation, malabsorption and vitamin imbalances may also develop. SIBO can be eradicated by one or several courses of antibiotics but reappears if the predisposing condition persists. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative proteinopathy for which disease modifying interventions are not available. Sporadic forms may start in the gut years before the development of clinical features. Increased gastrointestinal transit time is present in most people with PD early during the course of the disease, predisposing to gut dysbiosis, including SIBO. The role that gut dysbiosis may play in the etiopathogenesis of PD is not fully understood yet. Here, we discuss the possibility that SIBO could contribute to the progression of PD, by promoting or preventing neurodegeneration, thus being a potential target for treatments aiming at slowing down the progression of PD. The direct symptomatic impact of SIBO and its impact on symptomatic medication are also briefly discussed.
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33
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Tarif AMM, Islam MN, Jahan MR, Yanai A, Nozaki K, Masumoto KH, Shinoda K. Immunohistochemical expression and neurochemical phenotypes of huntingtin-associated protein 1 in the myenteric plexus of mouse gastrointestinal tract. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:533-558. [PMID: 34665322 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a neural huntingtin interactor and being considered as a core molecule of stigmoid body (STB). Brain/spinal cord regions with abundant STB/HAP1 expression are usually spared from neurodegeneration in stress/disease conditions, whereas the regions with little STB/HAP1 expression are always neurodegenerative targets. The enteric nervous system (ENS) can act as a potential portal for pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, ENS is also a neurodegenerative target in these disorders. To date, the expression of HAP1 and its neurochemical characterization have never been examined there. In the current study, we determined the expression of HAP1 in the ENS of adult mice and characterized the morphological relationships of HAP1-immunoreactive (ir) cells with the markers of motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons in the myenteric plexus using Western blotting and light/fluorescence microscopy. HAP1-immunoreaction was present in both myenteric and submucosal plexuses of ENS. Most of the HAP1-ir neurons exhibited STB in their cytoplasm. In myenteric plexus, a large number of calretinin, calbindin, NOS, VIP, ChAT, SP, somatostatin, and TH-ir neurons showed HAP1-immunoreactivity. In contrast, most of the CGRP-ir neurons were devoid of HAP1-immunoreactivity. Our current study is the first to clarify that HAP1 is highly expressed in excitatory motor neurons, inhibitory motor neurons, and interneurons but almost absent in sensory neurons in myenteric plexus. These suggest that STB/HAP1-ir neurons are mostly Dogiel type I neurons. Due to lack of putative STB/HAP1 protectivity, the sensory neurons (Dogiel type II) might be more vulnerable to neurodegeneration than STB/HAP1-expressing motoneurons/interneurons (Dogiel type I) in myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Md Mamun Tarif
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Md Nabiul Islam
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mir Rubayet Jahan
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Akie Yanai
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozaki
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Masumoto
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Koh Shinoda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
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Microbiomics in Collusion with the Nervous System in Carcinogenesis: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102129. [PMID: 34683450 PMCID: PMC8538279 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the naturally occurring population of microbes on various human diseases has been a topic of much recent interest. Not surprisingly, continuously growing attention is devoted to the existence of a gut brain axis, where the microbiota present in the gut can affect the nervous system through the release of metabolites, stimulation of the immune system, changing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier or activating the vagus nerves. Many of the methods that stimulate the nervous system can also lead to the development of cancer by manipulating pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, neurogenesis or the creation of new nervous tissue, is associated with the development and progression of cancer in a similar manner as the blood and lymphatic systems. Finally, microbes can secrete neurotransmitters, which can stimulate cancer growth and development. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that support the importance of microbiota and peripheral nerves in cancer development and dissemination.
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Lynch CMK, Nagpal J, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Wrapping Things Up: Recent Developments in Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Myelination. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ľupták M, Michaličková D, Fišar Z, Kitzlerová E, Hroudová J. Novel approaches in schizophrenia-from risk factors and hypotheses to novel drug targets. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:277-296. [PMID: 34327122 PMCID: PMC8311514 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by emotional, behavioral and cognitive disturbances, and the treatment of schizophrenia is often complicated by noncompliance and pharmacoresistance. The search for the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia has resulted in the proposal of several hypotheses to explain the impacts of environmental, genetic, neurodevelopmental, immune and inflammatory factors on disease onset and progression. This review discusses the newest insights into the pathophysiology of and risk factors for schizophrenia and notes novel approaches in antipsychotic treatment and potential diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers. The current hypotheses focusing on neuromediators (dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin), neuroinflammation, the cannabinoid hypothesis, the gut-brain axis model, and oxidative stress are summarized. Key genetic features, including small nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variations, microdeletions, mutations and epigenetic changes, are highlighted. Current pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia relies mostly on dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonists/partial agonists, but new findings in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have allowed the expansion of novel approaches in pharmacotherapy and the establishment of more reliable biomarkers. Substances with promising results in preclinical and clinical studies include lumateperone, pimavanserin, xanomeline, roluperidone, agonists of trace amine-associated receptor 1, inhibitors of glycine transporters, AMPA allosteric modulators, mGLUR2-3 agonists, D-amino acid oxidase inhibitors and cannabidiol. The use of anti-inflammatory agents as an add-on therapy is mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Danica Michaličková
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12000, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kitzlerová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12000, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 12000, Czech Republic
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Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:382. [PMID: 34238926 PMCID: PMC8266901 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several bacterial taxa in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings for ADHD are inconsistent among studies, and specific gut microbiome signatures for the disorder remain unknown. Given that previous studies have mainly focused on the pediatric form of the disorder and involved small sample sizes, we conducted the largest study to date to compare the gastrointestinal microbiome composition in 100 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 100 sex-matched healthy controls. We found evidence that ADHD subjects have differences in the relative abundance of several microbial taxa. At the family level, our data support a lower relative abundance of Gracilibacteraceae and higher levels of Selenomonadaceae and Veillonellaceae in adults with ADHD. In addition, the ADHD group showed higher levels of Dialister and Megamonas and lower abundance of Anaerotaenia and Gracilibacter at the genus level. All four selected genera explained 15% of the variance of ADHD, and this microbial signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 71% for distinguishing between ADHD patients and healthy controls. We also tested whether the selected genera correlate with age, body mass index (BMI), or scores of the ADHD rating scale but found no evidence of correlation between genera relative abundance and any of the selected traits. These results are in line with recent studies supporting gut microbiome alterations in neurodevelopment disorders, but further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota on the ADHD across the lifespan and its contribution to the persistence of the disorder from childhood to adulthood.
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Influence of a High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137173. [PMID: 34281224 PMCID: PMC8268819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative inflammatory condition mediated by autoreactive immune processes. Due to its potential to influence host immunity and gut-brain communication, the gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved in the onset and progression of MS. To date, there is no definitive cure for MS, and rehabilitation programs are of the utmost importance, especially in the later stages. However, only a few people generally participate due to poor support, knowledge, and motivation, and no information is available on gut microbiota changes. Herein we evaluated the potential of a brief high-impact multidimensional rehabilitation program (B-HIPE) in a leisure environment to affect the gut microbiota, mitigate MS symptoms and improve quality of life. B-HIPE resulted in modulation of the MS-typical dysbiosis, with reduced levels of pathobionts and the replenishment of beneficial short-chain fatty acid producers. This partial recovery of a eubiotic profile could help counteract the inflammatory tone typically observed in MS, as supported by reduced circulating lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased populations of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes. Improved physical performance and fatigue relief were also found. Our findings pave the way for integrating clinical practice with holistic approaches to mitigate MS symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Fu C, Zhang X. The Neuroprotective Effect of Tea Polyphenols on the Regulation of Intestinal Flora. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123692. [PMID: 34204244 PMCID: PMC8233780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the general compounds of natural polyhydroxyphenols extracted in tea. Although a large number of studies have shown that TPs have obvious neuroprotective and neuro repair effects, they are limited due to the low bioavailability in vivo. However, TPs can act indirectly on the central nervous system by affecting the “microflora–gut–brain axis”, in which the microbiota and its composition represent a factor that determines brain health. Bidirectional communication between the intestinal microflora and the brain (microbe–gut–brain axis) occurs through a variety of pathways, including the vagus nerve, immune system, neuroendocrine pathways, and bacteria-derived metabolites. This axis has been shown to influence neurotransmission and behavior, which is usually associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss that TPs and their metabolites may provide benefits by restoring the imbalance of intestinal microbiota and that TPs are metabolized by intestinal flora, to provide a new idea for TPs to play a neuroprotective role by regulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Junmin Li
- Taizhou Biomedical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chengxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (C.F.); (X.Z.)
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Pautova A, Burnakova N, Revelsky A. Metabolic Profiling and Quantitative Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Current Methods and Future Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:3597. [PMID: 34208377 PMCID: PMC8231178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a key biological fluid for the investigation of new potential biomarkers of central nervous system diseases. Gas chromatography coupled to mass-selective detectors can be used for this investigation at the stages of metabolic profiling and method development. Different sample preparation conditions, including extraction and derivatization, can be applied for the analysis of the most of low-molecular-weight compounds of the cerebrospinal fluid, including metabolites of tryptophan, arachidonic acid, glucose; amino, polyunsaturated fatty and other organic acids; neuroactive steroids; drugs; and toxic metabolites. The literature data analysis revealed the absence of fully validated methods for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and it presents opportunities for scientists to develop and validate analytical protocols using modern sample preparation techniques, such as microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and other potentially applicable techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Pautova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Laboratory of Human Metabolism in Critical States, Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Petrovka str. 25-2, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Burnakova
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexander Revelsky
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (A.R.)
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The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Alzheimer Disease. From Dysbiosis to Neurodegeneration: Focus on the Central Nervous System Glial Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112358. [PMID: 34072107 PMCID: PMC8199461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut system can be thought of as a single unit that interacts with the brain via the "two-way" microbiota-gut-brain axis. Through this axis, a constant interplay mediated by the several products originating from the microbiota guarantees the physiological development and shaping of the gut and the brain. In the present review will be described the modalities through which the microbiota and gut control each other, and the main microbiota products conditioning both local and brain homeostasis. Much evidence has accumulated over the past decade in favor of a significant association between dysbiosis, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Presently, the pathogenetic mechanisms triggered by molecules produced by the altered microbiota, also responsible for the onset and evolution of Alzheimer disease, will be described. Our attention will be focused on the role of astrocytes and microglia. Numerous studies have progressively demonstrated how these glial cells are important to ensure an adequate environment for neuronal activity in healthy conditions. Furthermore, it is becoming evident how both cell types can mediate the onset of neuroinflammation and lead to neurodegeneration when subjected to pathological stimuli. Based on this information, the role of the major microbiota products in shifting the activation profiles of astrocytes and microglia from a healthy to a diseased state will be discussed, focusing on Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
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Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects Gut Microbiota Composition in Obesity: Results of Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094692. [PMID: 33946648 PMCID: PMC8125086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in affecting different aspects of obesity. Considering the ability of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to modulate the cortical excitability, the reward system, and, indirectly, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), we hypothesized a potential role of dTMS in affecting the brain-gut communication pathways, and the gut microbiota composition in obesity. In a hospital setting, 22 subjects with obesity (5 M, 17 F; 44.9 ± 2.2 years; BMI 37.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2) were randomized into three groups receiving 15 sessions (3 per week for 5 weeks) of high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) dTMS, or sham stimulation. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 5 weeks of treatment. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from fecal samples using the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, Italy) and analyzed by a metagenomics approach (Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine). After 5 weeks, a significant weight loss was found in HF (HF: −4.1 ± 0.8%, LF: −1.9 ± 0.8%, sham: −1.3 ± 0.6%, p = 0.042) compared to LF and sham groups, associated with a decrease in norepinephrine compared to baseline (HF: −61.5 ± 15.2%, p < 0.01; LF: −31.8 ± 17.1%, p < 0.05; sham: −35.8 ± 21.0%, p > 0.05). Furthermore, an increase in Faecalibacterium (+154.3% vs. baseline, p < 0.05) and Alistipes (+153.4% vs. baseline, p < 0.05) genera, and a significant decrease in Lactobacillus (−77.1% vs. baseline, p < 0.05) were found in HF. Faecalibacterium variations were not significant compared to baseline in the other two groups (LF: +106.6%, sham: +27.6%; p > 0.05) as well as Alistipes (LF: −54.9%, sham: −15.1%; p > 0.05) and Lactobacillus (LF: −26.0%, sham: +228.3%; p > 0.05) variations. Norepinephrine change significantly correlated with Bacteroides (r2 = 0.734; p < 0.05), Eubacterium (r2 = 0.734; p < 0.05), and Parasutterella (r2 = 0.618; p < 0.05) abundance variations in HF. In conclusion, HF dTMS treatment revealed to be effective in modulating gut microbiota composition in subjects with obesity, reversing obesity-associated microbiota variations, and promoting bacterial species representative of healthy subjects with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Pellizoni FP, Leite AZ, Rodrigues NDC, Ubaiz MJ, Gonzaga MI, Takaoka NNC, Mariano VS, Omori WP, Pinheiro DG, Matheucci Junior E, Gomes E, Oliveira DGLV. Detection of Dysbiosis and Increased Intestinal Permeability in Brazilian Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094621. [PMID: 33925359 PMCID: PMC8123689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis, associated with barrier disruption and altered gut–brain communications, has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the gut microbiota in relapsing–remitting patients (RRMS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and correlated these data with diet, cytokines levels, and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples were used for 16S sequencing and real-time PCR. Serum was used for cytokine determination by flow cytometry, and zonulin quantification by ELISA. Pearson’s chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman’s correlation were used for statistical analyses. We detected differences in dietary habits, as well as in the gut microbiota in RRMS patients, with predominance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides vulgatus and decreased Bifidobacterium. Interleukin-6 concentrations were decreased in treated patients, and we detected an increased intestinal permeability in RRMS patients when compared with controls. We conclude that diet plays an important role in the composition of the gut microbiota, and intestinal dysbiosis, detected in RRMS patients could be involved in increased intestinal permeability and affect the clinical response to DTMs. The future goal is to predict therapeutic responses based on individual microbiome analyses (personalized medicine) and propose dietary interventions and the use of probiotics or other microbiota modulators as adjuvant therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Papa Pellizoni
- Microbiome Study Group, School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil; (F.P.P.); (M.J.U.); (M.I.G.); (N.N.C.T.)
| | - Aline Zazeri Leite
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (A.Z.L.); (E.G.)
| | | | - Marcelo Jordão Ubaiz
- Microbiome Study Group, School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil; (F.P.P.); (M.J.U.); (M.I.G.); (N.N.C.T.)
| | - Marina Ignácio Gonzaga
- Microbiome Study Group, School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil; (F.P.P.); (M.J.U.); (M.I.G.); (N.N.C.T.)
| | - Nauyta Naomi Campos Takaoka
- Microbiome Study Group, School of Health Sciences Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil; (F.P.P.); (M.J.U.); (M.I.G.); (N.N.C.T.)
| | | | - Wellington Pine Omori
- Department of Technology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (W.P.O.); (D.G.P.)
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Department of Technology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (W.P.O.); (D.G.P.)
| | | | - Eleni Gomes
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (A.Z.L.); (E.G.)
| | - de Gislane Lelis Vilela Oliveira
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil; (A.Z.L.); (E.G.)
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-17-3212-1058
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Roles of interstitial fluid pH and weak organic acids in development and amelioration of insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:715-726. [PMID: 33769491 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common lifestyle-related diseases (metabolic disorders) due to hyperphagia and/or hypokinesia. Hyperglycemia is the most well-known symptom occurring in T2DM patients. Insulin resistance is also one of the most important symptoms, however, it is still unclear how insulin resistance develops in T2DM. Detailed understanding of the pathogenesis primarily causing insulin resistance is essential for developing new therapies for T2DM. Insulin receptors are located at the plasma membrane of the insulin-targeted cells such as myocytes, adipocytes, etc., and insulin binds to the extracellular site of its receptor facing the interstitial fluid. Thus, changes in interstitial fluid microenvironments, specially pH, affect the insulin-binding affinity to its receptor. The most well-known clinical condition regarding pH is systemic acidosis (arterial blood pH < 7.35) frequently observed in severe T2DM associated with insulin resistance. Because the insulin-binding site of its receptor faces the interstitial fluid, we should recognize the interstitial fluid pH value, one of the most important factors influencing the insulin-binding affinity. It is notable that the interstitial fluid pH is unstable compared with the arterial blood pH even under conditions that the arterial blood pH stays within the normal range, 7.35-7.45. This review article introduces molecular mechanisms on unstable interstitial fluid pH value influencing the insulin action via changes in insulin-binding affinity and ameliorating actions of weak organic acids on insulin resistance via their characteristics as bases after absorption into the body even with sour taste at the tongue.
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van Son J, Koekkoek LL, La Fleur SE, Serlie MJ, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Gut-Brain Axis in Obesity: Mechanisms and Future Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062993. [PMID: 33804250 PMCID: PMC7999163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the gut and the brain is essential for energy homeostasis. In obesity, this homeostasis is disrupted, leading to a positive energy balance and weight gain. Obesity is a global epidemic that affects individual health and strains the socioeconomic system. Microbial dysbiosis has long been reported in obesity and obesity-related disorders. More recent literature has focused on the interaction of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on human brain and behavior. Developing strategies that target the gut microbiota could be a future approach for the treatment of obesity. Here, we review the microbiota–gut–brain axis and possible therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie van Son
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Koekkoek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Susanne E. La Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.S.); (L.L.K.); (S.E.L.F.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Food for Special Medical Purposes and Nutraceuticals for Pain: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther 2021; 10:225-242. [PMID: 33594594 PMCID: PMC8119521 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-021-00239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present paper focuses on the possible contribution of food compounds to alleviate symptomatic pains. Chronic pain can more easily be linked to anticipatory signals such as thirst and hunger than it is to sensory perceptions as its chronicity makes it fall under the behavioural category rather than it does senses. In fact, pain often negatively affects one’s normal feeding behavioural patterns, both directly and indirectly, as it is associated with pain or because of its prostrating effects. Nutritional Compounds for Pain Several nutraceuticals and Foods for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs) are reported to have significant pain relief efficacy with multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Apart from the aforementioned properties, amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements and vitamins may have a role in the modulation of pain signals to and within the nervous system. Conclusion In our opinion, this review could be of great interest to clinicians, as it offers a complementary perspective in the management of pain. Trials with well-defined patient and symptoms selection and a robust pharmacological design are pivotal points to let these promising compounds become better accepted by the medical community.
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Bai Y, Wang Y, Zheng H, Tan F, Yuan C. Correlation Between Facial Skin Microbiota and Skin Barriers in a Chinese Female Population with Sensitive Skin. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:219-226. [PMID: 33519216 PMCID: PMC7837571 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s287844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The association of microbiota changes with sensitive skin remains controversial until now. Although a strong correlation is detected between skin microbiota distribution and biophysical parameters, there is little knowledge on the link between sensitive skin and skin microbiota in Chinese women. This study aimed to unravel the correlation between facial skin microbiota distribution and skin barriers in Chinese women with sensitive skin. Materials and Methods In total, 34 volunteers were enrolled, including 24 subjects with sensitive skin (SS group) and 10 subjects with non-sensitive skin (NS group). The cuticle moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and facial skin sebum secretion were measured, and the facial skin surface morphology was evaluated. Sensitive skin samples were collected from the facial (SS-F group) and chest skin of subjects in the SS group (SS-C group), while non-sensitive skin samples were collected from the facial skin of subjects in the NS group (NS-F group). All skin samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Results 16S rRNA sequencing detected Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as the three most common microbiota phyla and Propionibacterium, Paracoccus, and Corynebacterium as the three most common microbiota genera, and there were no significant differences in the relative frequency of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, or Proteobacteria, or Propionibacterium, Paracoccus, or Corynebacterium among the SS-F, SS-C, and NS-F groups (P>0.05). We detected no significant difference in the diversity of bacterial communities among the SS-F, SS-C, and NS-F groups; however, the Shannon’s diversity index was significantly higher in the NS-F group than in the SS-C group. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis showed a correlation between the microbiota genera and skin physiological parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion This study preliminarily unravels the skin microbiota of sensitive skin using a high-throughput tool, and there are no microbiota genera with strong associations with skin physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Central Laboratory, The Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Wang
- Symrise (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201206, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-Ministry of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tan
- Central Laboratory, The Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research, The Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Eshraghi RS, Davies C, Iyengar R, Perez L, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Gut-Induced Inflammation during Development May Compromise the Blood-Brain Barrier and Predispose to Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010027. [PMID: 33374296 PMCID: PMC7794774 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has gained considerable interest as one of the major contributors to the pathogenesis of multi-system inflammatory disorders. Several studies have suggested that the gut microbiota plays a role in modulating complex signaling pathways, predominantly via the bidirectional gut-brain-axis (GBA). Subsequent in vivo studies have demonstrated the direct role of altered gut microbes and metabolites in the progression of neurodevelopmental diseases. This review will discuss the most recent advancements in our understanding of the gut microbiome’s clinical significance in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immunological function, and neurobiological development. In particular, we address the potentially causal role of GBA dysregulation in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through compromising the BBB and immunological abnormalities. A thorough understanding of the complex signaling interactions between gut microbes, metabolites, neural development, immune mediators, and neurobiological functionality will facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic modalities to better understand, prevent, and treat ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Camron Davies
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Rahul Iyengar
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Linda Perez
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.D.); (R.I.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (A.A.E.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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