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Wat LW, Svensson KJ. Novel secreted regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in the development of metabolic diseases. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06253-x. [PMID: 39180580 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The tight regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism is crucial for maintaining metabolic health. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to the development of metabolic diseases. Secreted factors, or hormones, play an essential role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, thus also playing an important role in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Given the important roles of secreted factors, there has been significant interest in identifying new secreted factors and new functions for existing secreted factors that control glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we evaluate novel secreted factors or novel functions of existing factors that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism discovered in the last decade, including secreted isoform of endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex subunit 10, vimentin, cartilage intermediate layer protein 2, isthmin-1, lipocalin-2, neuregulin-1 and neuregulin-4. We discuss their discovery, tissues of origin, mechanisms of action and sex differences, emphasising their potential to regulate metabolic processes central to diabetes. Additionally, we discuss the translational barriers, particularly the absence of identified receptors, that hamper their functional characterisation and further therapeutic development. Ultimately, the identification of new secreted factors may give insights into previously unidentified pathways of disease progression and mechanisms of glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna W Wat
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Abdelaziz HA, Abdelbaki TN, Dean YE, Assem S. Is neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) a potential blood biomarker linking depression to obesity? A case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:670. [PMID: 37710187 PMCID: PMC10503040 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM No definite biomarker linking depression and obesity has been found yet. Our study aimed to investigate neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) as a potential blood biomarker for this association. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 108 obese subjects assigned for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and 100 non-obese controls. Depression was assessed pre- and post-operatively. Serum NRG-1 was measured. RESULTS Pre-operatively depression was significantly higher among obese compared to non-obese patients. After the operation, 1.9% of the severely depressed subjects reported no depression, while 5.6% became moderately depressed; about 6% of the moderately depressed and 16% of the mildly depressed became not depressed. Serum NRG-1 level was significantly lower among obese and severely depressed compared to the controls. It was negatively correlated to the level of depression pre- and post-operative (r = -0.764 and -0.467 respectively). The sensitivity of serum NRG1 as a predictor for depression pre- and post-operative was 92.45% and 52.94% respectively. Specificity was 69.09% and 79.73% respectively at cut-off values of ≤ 3.5 and ≤ 2.5 ng/ml. CONCLUSION NRG-1 is a possible biomarker for the diagnosis of depression pre-bariatric surgery and the prediction of its prognosis post-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Family Health, Mental Heath Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer Nabil Abdelbaki
- Faculty of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yomna E Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sara Assem
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Yu M, Wu S, Gong C, Chen L. Neuregulin-1β increases glucose uptake and promotes GLUT4 translocation in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1066279. [PMID: 36703726 PMCID: PMC9871240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1066279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a feature of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) accompanied by reduced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation by skeletal muscle. Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) is essential for myogenesis and the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Neuregulin-1β increases insulin sensitivity, promotes glucose uptake and glucose translocation in normal skeletal muscle. Here, we explored whether Neuregulin-1β increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in palmitate (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes. After C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into myotubes, we used palmitate to induce cellular insulin resistance. Cells were incubated with or without Neuregulin-1β and glucose uptake was determined using the 2-NBDG assay. The expression level of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was measured via immunofluorescence and Western blotting. MK2206, an inhibitor of AKT, was employed to reveal the important role played by AKT signaling in PA-treated C2C12 myotubes. We then established an animal model with T2DM and evaluated the effects of Neuregulin-1β on body weight and the blood glucose level. The GLUT4 level in the gastrocnemius of T2DM mice was also measured. NRG-1β not only increased glucose uptake by PA-treated myotubes but also promoted GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. The effect of NRG-1β on PA-treated C2C12 myotubes was associated with AKT activation. In T2DM mice, Neuregulin-1β not only improved diabetes-induced weight loss and diabetes-induced hyperglycemia, but also promoted GLUT4 translocation in the gastrocnemius. In summary, Neuregulin-1β increased glucose uptake and promoted translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in PA-treated C2C12 myotubes by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chao Gong
- *Correspondence: Chao Gong, ; Lianhua Chen,
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Wang J, Wei L, Tian K, Xu M, Chen X, Chen F, Zha D, Xue T. NRG1/ErbB2 axis regulated mitochondrial function and antioxidant enzymes of neural stem cells in the cochlear nucleus partially through PGC-1α. Neurosci Lett 2023; 792:136942. [PMID: 36328292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1)/erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologues 2 (ErbB2) pathway had been implicated in promoting differentiation and suppressing apoptosis of neuronal stem cells (NSCs) isolated from cochlear nucleus. In the current study, we aimed at determining the effects of NRG1/ErbB2 on mitochondrial (mt) function of NSCs. As expected, NRG1 increased the expression of mitofusin (Mfn) 1 and Mfn2 and decreased the expression of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). However, after ErbB2 knockout, Mfn1 and Mfn2 expression decreased while Fis1 and Drp1 increased. Moreover, the increased mtDNA copy number and intracellular ATP level, elevated ATPase activities as well as decreased lactate production induced by NRG1 were partially reversed by ErbB2 knockout. Additionally, NRG1 treatment increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and upregulated the protein expression of catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactlvator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), which were also reversed by ErbB2 knockout. Furthermore, PGC-1α overexpression partially reversed the above effects of ErbB2 knockout. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the promotion of mitochondrial function of NRG1/ErbB2 axis is at least in part mediated by PGC-1α in NSCs from cochlear nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Keyong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Fuquan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dingjun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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Martínez C, Latorre J, Ortega F, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Lluch A, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Díaz-Sáez F, Aragonés J, Camps M, Gumà A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Serum neuregulin 4 is negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans and impairs mitochondrial respiration in HepG2 cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:950791. [PMID: 36187779 PMCID: PMC9521671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.950791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) has been described to improve metabolic disturbances linked to obesity status in rodent models. The findings in humans are controversial. We aimed to investigate circulating NRG4 in association with insulin action in humans and the possible mechanisms involved. Insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) and serum NRG4 concentration (ELISA) were analysed in subjects with a wide range of adiposity (n = 89). In vitro experiments with human HepG2 cell line were also performed. Serum NRG4 was negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = −0.25, p = 0.02) and positively with the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C reative protein (hsCRP). In fact, multivariant linear regression analyses showed that insulin sensitivity contributed to BMI-, age-, sex-, and hsCRP-adjusted 7.2% of the variance in serum NRG4 (p = 0.01). No significant associations were found with adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference or fat mass), plasma lipids (HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, or fasting triglycerides) or markers of liver injury. Cultured hepatocyte HepG2 treated with human recombinant NRG4 had an impact on hepatocyte metabolism, leading to decreased gluconeogenic- and mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression, and reduced mitochondrial respiration, without effects on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Similar but more pronounced effects were found after neuregulin 1 administration. In conclusion, sustained higher serum levels of neuregulin-4, observed in insulin resistant patients may have deleterious effects on metabolic and mitochondrial function in hepatocytes. However, findings from in vitro experiments should be confirmed in human primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martínez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Manuel Fernández-Real, ; José María Moreno-Navarrete,
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Manuel Fernández-Real, ; José María Moreno-Navarrete,
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Sergi D, Luscombe-Marsh N, Naumovski N, Abeywardena M, O'Callaghan N. Palmitic Acid, but Not Lauric Acid, Induces Metabolic Inflammation, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and a Drop in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Human Primary Myotubes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:663838. [PMID: 34136519 PMCID: PMC8200524 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.663838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chain length of saturated fatty acids may dictate their impact on inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, two pivotal players in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. However, these paradigms have only been investigated in animal models and cell lines so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of palmitic (PA) (16:0) and lauric (LA) (12:0) acid on human primary myotubes mitochondrial health and metabolic inflammation. Human primary myotubes were challenged with either PA or LA (500 μM). After 24 h, the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas Western blot was used to quantify the abundance of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκBα), electron transport chain complex proteins and mitofusin-2 (MFN-2). Mitochondrial membrane potential and dynamics were evaluated using tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. PA, contrarily to LA, triggered an inflammatory response marked by the upregulation of IL-6 mRNA (11-fold; P < 0.01) and a decrease in IκBα (32%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, whereas PA and LA did not differently modulate the levels of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins, PA induced mitochondrial fragmentation (37%; P < 0.001), decreased MFN-2 (38%; P < 0.05), and caused a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (11%; P < 0.01) compared to control, with this effect being absent in LA-treated cells. Thus, LA, as opposed to PA, did not trigger pathogenetic mechanisms proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and therefore represents a healthier saturated fatty acid choice to potentially preserve skeletal muscle metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Functional Foods and Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Mahinda Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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7
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Sergi D, Luscombe-Marsh N, Heilbronn LK, Birch-Machin M, Naumovski N, Lionetti L, Proud CG, Abeywardena MY, O'Callaghan N. The Inhibition of Metabolic Inflammation by EPA Is Associated with Enhanced Mitochondrial Fusion and Insulin Signaling in Human Primary Myotubes. J Nutr 2021; 151:810-819. [PMID: 33561210 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained fuel excess triggers low-grade inflammation that can drive mitochondrial dysfunction, a pivotal defect in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether inflammation in skeletal muscle can be prevented by EPA, and if this is associated with an improvement in mitochondrial fusion, membrane potential, and insulin signaling. METHODS Human primary myotubes were treated for 24 h with palmitic acid (PA, 500 μM) under hyperglycemic conditions (13 mM glucose), which represents nutrient overload, and in the presence or absence of EPA (100 μM). After the treatments, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PPARGC1A) and IL6 was assessed by q-PCR. Western blot was used to measure the abundance of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IKBA), mitofusin-2 (MFN2), mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins, and insulin-dependent AKT (Ser473) and AKT substrate 160 (AS 160; Thr642) phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dynamics and membrane potential were evaluated using immunocytochemistry and the JC-1 (tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) dye, respectively. Data were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Nutrient excess activated the proinflammatory NFκB signaling marked by a decrease in IKBA (40%; P < 0.05) and the upregulation of IL6 mRNA (12-fold; P < 0.001). It also promoted mitochondrial fragmentation (53%; P < 0.001). All these effects were counteracted by EPA. Furthermore, nutrient overload-induced drop in mitochondrial membrane potential (6%; P < 0.05) was prevented by EPA. Finally, EPA inhibited fuel surplus-induced impairment in insulin-mediated phosphorylation of AKT (235%; P < 0.01) and AS160 (49%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EPA inhibited NFκB signaling, which was associated with an attenuation of the deleterious effects of PA and hyperglycemia on both mitochondrial health and insulin signaling in human primary myotubes. Thus, EPA might preserve skeletal muscle metabolic health during sustained fuel excess but this requires confirmation in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lilla' Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli," University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition, Diabetes & Metabolism, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nathan O'Callaghan
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
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8
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Zhang L, Lu B, Wang W, Miao S, Zhou S, Cheng X, Zhu J, Liu C. Alteration of serum neuregulin 4 and neuregulin 1 in gestational diabetes mellitus. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211049614. [PMID: 34646438 PMCID: PMC8504227 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211049614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) have been shown to play vital roles in several disorders of glucose metabolism. The pathophysiological role of Nrg4 and Nrg1 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), however, remains poorly understood. We assessed the clinical relevance of the two cytokines in patients with GDM. METHODS The study recruited 36 GDM patients and 38 age-matched, gestational age (24-28 weeks of gestation)-matched, and BMI (during pregnancy)-matched controls in this study. Serum Nrg4 and Nrg1 were measured using ELISA. Inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, leptin, TNF-α, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were determined via Luminex technique. RESULTS Serum Nrg4 in GDM patients was significantly lower than that in the controls, while Nrg1 was significantly higher in the GDM group (p < 0.01). Inflammatory factors such as IL-6, leptin, and TNF-α were significantly increased in GDM patients, while MCP-1 and IL-1β were not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, serum Nrg4 was negatively correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.438, p = 0.008), HOMA-IR (r = -0.364, p = 0.029), IL-6 (r = -0.384, p = 0.021), leptin (r = -0.393, p = 0.018), TNF-α (r = -0.346, p = 0.039), and MCP-1 (r = -0.342, p = 0.041), and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = -0.357, p = 0.033) in GDM group. Serum Nrg1 was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.452, p = 0.006), fasting glucose (r = 0.424, p = 0.010), HOMA-IR (r = 0.369, p = 0.027), and triglyceride (r = 0.439, p = 0.007). The decrease of Nrg4 and the increase of Nrg1 were significantly related to the increased prevalence of GDM. Finally, ROC curve results indicated that Nrg1 combined with IL-6 and TNF-α might be an effective means for GDM screening. CONCLUSIONS Lower circulating Nrg4 and higher circulating Nrg1 serve risk factors of GDM. Nrg1 combined with IL-6 and TNF-α might be a potential tool for GDM screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Bi Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Pu-Ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shifeng Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuru Zhou
- Aoyang Cancer Institute, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Gumà A, Díaz-Sáez F, Camps M, Zorzano A. Neuregulin, an Effector on Mitochondria Metabolism That Preserves Insulin Sensitivity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:696. [PMID: 32655416 PMCID: PMC7324780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various external factors modulate the metabolic efficiency of mitochondria. This review focuses on the impact of the growth factor neuregulin and its ErbB receptors on mitochondria and their relationship with several physiopathological alterations. Neuregulin is involved in the differentiation of heart, skeletal muscle, and the neuronal system, among others; and its deficiency is deleterious for the health. Information gathered over the last two decades suggests that neuregulin plays a key role in regulating the mitochondrial oxidative machinery, which sustains cell survival and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumà
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Zhao M, Jung Y, Jiang Z, Svensson KJ. Regulation of Energy Metabolism by Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ligands. Front Physiol 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32372975 PMCID: PMC7186430 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease, have now reached epidemic proportions. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors responding to growth factors, hormones, and cytokines to mediate a diverse set of fundamental cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. These ligands signal by endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine means in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system to control cellular and tissue-specific metabolic processes. Interestingly, the expression of many RTKs and their ligands are controlled by changes in metabolic demand, for example, during starvation, feeding, or obesity. In addition, studies of RTKs and their ligands in regulating energy homeostasis have revealed unexpected diversity in the mechanisms of action and their specific metabolic functions. Our current understanding of the molecular, biochemical and genetic control of energy homeostasis by the endocrine RTK ligands insulin, FGF21 and FGF19 are now relatively well understood. In addition to these classical endocrine signals, non-endocrine ligands can govern local energy regulation, and the intriguing crosstalk between the RTK family and the TGFβ receptor family demonstrates a signaling network that diversifies metabolic process between tissues. Thus, there is a need to increase our molecular and mechanistic understanding of signal diversification of RTK actions in metabolic disease. Here we review the known and emerging molecular mechanisms of RTK signaling that regulate systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as highlighting unexpected roles of non-classical RTK ligands that crosstalk with other receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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Zhang XX, Wu XS, Mi SH, Fang SJ, Liu S, Xin Y, Zhao QM. Neuregulin-1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction, and prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:549-557. [PMID: 32037595 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologues (ErbB) pathway activation plays a crucial role in regulating the adaptation of the adult heart to physiological and pathological stress. In the present study, we investigate the effect of recombined human NRG-1 (rhNRG-1) on mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function, and cell survival in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The results of this study showed that, in the H/R-exposed NRCMs, mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired, as manifested by the decrease of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial membrane proteins, the inner membrane (Tim23), mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2). RhNRG-1 pretreatment effectively restored the expression of PGC-1α and these membrane proteins, upregulated the expression of the anti-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential, and attenuated H/R-induced cell apoptosis. Blocking PGC-1 expression with siRNA abolished the beneficial role of rhNRG-1 on mitochondrial function and cell survival. The results of the present study strongly suggest that NRG-1/ErbB activation enhances the adaption of cardiomyocytes to H/R injury via promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and improved mitochondrial homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The results of this research revealed for the first time the relationship between neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologues (ErbB) activation and mitochondrial biogenesis in neonatal cardiomyocytes and verified the significance of this promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in attenuating hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. This finding may open a new field to further understand the biological role of NRG-1/ErbB signalling pathway in cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Si Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Hua Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Juan Fang
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Sa Liu
- Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Ming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Chiba M, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Phenethyl isothiocyanate stimulates glucose uptake through the Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1319-1328. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1594675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an aromatic isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables. Several studies have shown that isothiocyanates regulate various intracellular signaling pathways, and thereby show anti-inflammatory and detoxifying activities. However, little is known about the effects of PEITC on glucose metabolism. In this study, we examined whether PEITC promotes glucose utilization in mouse skeletal muscle cells, C2C12 myotubes. PEITC induced glucose uptake, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) translocation to the plasma membrane, and activation of Akt and ERK in C2C12 cells. Inhibition of Akt suppressed PEITC-induced Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake, whereas ERK inhibition did not. Furthermore, PEITC increased phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3. Treatment with a pan-ErbB inhibitor reduced Akt activation and the subsequent glucose uptake induced by PEITC. These results indicate that PEITC promotes glucose utilization through the ErbB/Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. PEITC may therefore serve as a dietary constituent with beneficial effects on the carbohydrate metabolism.
Abbreviations: PEITC: phenethyl isothiocyanate; Glut4: glucose transporter 4; PI3K: phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; Nrf2: erythroid−2-related factor; ARE: antioxidant response element; HO−1: heme oxygenase−1; NRG: neuregulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Chiba
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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13
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Xu W, Wu Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Du Y, Li Y, Cao N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu H. Autoantibody against β 1-adrenoceptor promotes the differentiation of natural regulatory T cells from activated CD4 + T cells by up-regulating AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30770790 PMCID: PMC6377640 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic adoptive transfer of natural regulatory T cells (nTreg, CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells) or in vivo selective expansion of nTreg cells has been demonstrated to improve the cardiac function in various cardiovascular disease models. The differentiation of nTreg cells is mediated by catecholamines via β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) activation. Autoantibody against β1-adrenoceptor (β1-AA) as a β1-AR agonist is closely associated with the occurrence and deterioration of cardiac dysfunction. However, whether β1-AA has any impact on nTreg cells has not been reported. The aim of the present study was intended to assess the potential impact of β1-AA on nTreg cell differentiation and explore the underlying mechanism. It was found that the expression of multiple proteins involved in nTreg cell differentiation, immunosuppressive function, and migration was up-regulated in mice after β1-AA administration, suggesting that β1-AA may promote nTreg cell activation. In vitro, β1-AA promoted nTreg cell differentiation by up-regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in activated CD4+ T cells via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. In addition, the AMPK agonist facilitated β1-AA-mediated FAO and nTreg cell differentiation. To further confirm the role of AMPK in β1-AA-mediated nTreg cell differentiation, β1-AA was acted on the CD4+ T cells isolated from AMPK-deficient (AMPK−/−) mice. The result showed that the effect of β1-AA on nTreg cell differentiation was attenuated markedly after AMPK knockout. In conclusion, AMPK-mediated metabolic regulation targeting for nTreg cell restoration may be a promising therapeutic target for β1-AA-positive patients with cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, 100069, Beijing, China.
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14
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Comas F, Martínez C, Sabater M, Ortega F, Latorre J, Díaz-Sáez F, Aragonés J, Camps M, Gumà A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Neuregulin 4 Is a Novel Marker of Beige Adipocyte Precursor Cells in Human Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30766490 PMCID: PMC6365457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nrg4 expression has been linked to brown adipose tissue activity and browning of white adipocytes in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate whether these observations could be translated to humans by investigating NRG4 mRNA and markers of brown/beige adipocytes in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We also studied the possible association of NRG4 with insulin action. Methods: SAT and VAT NRG4 and markers of brown/beige (UCP1, UCP3, and TMEM26)-related gene expression were analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 331 and n = 59). Insulin resistance/sensitivity was measured using HOMAIR and glucose infusion rate during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results: In both cohort 1 and cohort 2, NRG4 and thermogenic/beige-related gene expression were significantly increased in VAT compared to SAT. Adipogenic-related genes followed an opposite pattern. In cohort 1, VAT NRG4 gene expression was positively correlated with BMI and expression of UCP1, UCP3, TMEM26, and negatively with adipogenic (FASN, PPARG, and SLC2A4)- and inflammatory (IL6 and IL8)-related genes. In SAT, NRG4 gene expression was negatively correlated with HOMAIR and positively with UCP1 and TMEM26 gene expression. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that expression of TMEM26 gene was the best predictor of NRG4 gene expression in both VAT and SAT. Specifically, NRG4 and TMEM26 gene expression was significantly increased in VAT, but not in SAT stromal vascular fraction cells (p < 0.001). In cohort 2, the significant association between NRG4 and TMEM26 gene expression in both VAT and SAT was confirmed, and SAT NRG4 gene expression also was positively correlated with insulin action and the expression of UCP1. Conclusion: Current findings suggest NRG4 gene expression as a novel marker of beige adipocytes in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Comas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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15
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Neuregulin-1β modulates myogenesis in septic mouse serum-treated C2C12 myotubes in vitro through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1611-1619. [PMID: 30178217 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is a pathological condition characterized by the loss of strength and muscle mass. Cytokine-induced apoptosis and impaired myogenesis play key roles in the development of this condition. However, the complete underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Neuregulins are glial growth factors essential for myogenesis that regulate muscle metabolism. We investigated the role of neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) in sepsis-induced apoptosis and myogenesis in skeletal muscle using a serum-based in vitro sepsis model. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated by treatment with proliferative medium for 7 days. Then, cells were treated with 2% sham mouse serum, 1 nM NRG-1β in 2% sham mouse serum, 2% septic mouse serum (SMS), or 1 nM NRG-1β in 2% SMS. Exposure to SMS induced apoptosis, impaired myogenesis, and downregulated PPARγ. NRG-1β co-incubation remedied all these effects and inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity. A specific PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) was also administered as a 2-h pretreatment to block PPARγ-mediated signaling and appeared to attenuate the effects of NRG-1β. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NRG-1β functions via a PPARγ/NF-κB-dependent pathway to modulate myogenesis and protect against apoptosis in SMS-treated C2C12 myotubes.
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16
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The Role of Eif6 in Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis Revealed by Endurance Training Co-expression Networks. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1507-1520. [PMID: 29117557 PMCID: PMC5695912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular endurance training improves muscle oxidative capacity and reduces the risk of age-related disorders. Understanding the molecular networks underlying this phenomenon is crucial. Here, by exploiting the power of computational modeling, we show that endurance training induces profound changes in gene regulatory networks linking signaling and selective control of translation to energy metabolism and tissue remodeling. We discovered that knockdown of the mTOR-independent factor Eif6, which we predicted to be a key regulator of this process, affects mitochondrial respiration efficiency, ROS production, and exercise performance. Our work demonstrates the validity of a data-driven approach to understanding muscle homeostasis. Endurance exercise profoundly affects the structure of gene networks Eif6 is a hub in gene networks responsible for muscle metabolism and protein synthesis Mitochondrial metabolic capacity altered in muscle from Eif6+/− mice Eif6 haploinsufficiency increased ROS generation and reduced exercise performance
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17
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Morano M, Ronchi G, Nicolò V, Fornasari BE, Crosio A, Perroteau I, Geuna S, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S. Modulation of the Neuregulin 1/ErbB system after skeletal muscle denervation and reinnervation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5047. [PMID: 29568012 PMCID: PMC5864756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a growth factor produced by both peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle. In muscle, it regulates neuromuscular junction gene expression, acetylcholine receptor number, muscle homeostasis and satellite cell survival. NRG1 signalling is mediated by the tyrosine kinase receptors ErbB3 and ErbB4 and their co-receptors ErbB1 and ErbB2. The NRG1/ErbB system is well studied in nerve tissue after injury, but little is known about this system in skeletal muscle after denervation/reinnervation processes. Here, we performed a detailed time-course expression analysis of several NRG1 isoforms and ErbB receptors in the rat superficial digitorum flexor muscle after three types of median nerve injuries of different severities. We found that ErbB receptor expression was correlated with the innervated state of the muscle, with upregulation of ErbB2 clearly associated with the denervation state. Interestingly, the NRG1 isoforms were differently regulated depending on the nerve injury type, leading to the hypothesis that both the NRG1α and NRG1β isoforms play a key role in the muscle reaction to injury. Indeed, in vitro experiments with C2C12 atrophic myotubes revealed that both NRG1α and NRG1β treatment influences the best-known atrophic pathways, suggesting that NRG1 might play an anti-atrophic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Morano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicolò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Elena Fornasari
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crosio
- Microsurgery Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, PO CTO, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Isabelle Perroteau
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
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18
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Zhang P, Kuang H, He Y, Idiga SO, Li S, Chen Z, Yang Z, Cai X, Zhang K, Potthoff MJ, Xu Y, Lin JD. NRG1-Fc improves metabolic health via dual hepatic and central action. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515030 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are emerging as an important family of signaling ligands that regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. NRG1 lowers blood glucose levels in obese mice, whereas the brown fat-enriched secreted factor NRG4 protects mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, the therapeutic potential of NRGs remains elusive, given the poor plasma half-life of the native ligands. Here, we engineered a fusion protein using human NRG1 and the Fc domain of human IgG1 (NRG1-Fc) that exhibited extended half-life in circulation and improved potency in receptor signaling. We evaluated its efficacy in improving metabolic parameters and dissected the mechanisms of action. NRG1-Fc treatment triggered potent AKT activation in the liver, lowered blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, and suppressed food intake in obese mice. NRG1-Fc acted as a potent secretagogue for the metabolic hormone FGF21; however, the latter was largely dispensable for its metabolic effects. NRG1-Fc directly targeted the hypothalamic POMC neurons to promote membrane depolarization and increase firing rate. Together, NRG1-Fc exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties and exerts metabolic benefits through dual inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon O Idiga
- Department of Pharmacology and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xing Cai
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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Huang Z, Sawyer DB, Troy EL, McEwen C, Cleator JH, Murphy A, Caggiano AO, Eisen A, Parry TJ. Species-specific effects of neuregulin-1β (cimaglermin alfa) on glucose handling in animal models and humans with heart failure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:92-99. [PMID: 28780372 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin-1β is a member of the neuregulin family of growth factors and is critically important for normal development and functioning of the heart and brain. A recombinant version of neuregulin-1β, cimaglermin alfa (also known as glial growth factor 2 or GGF2) is being investigated as a possible therapy for heart failure. Previous studies suggest that neuregulin-1β stimulation of skeletal muscle increases glucose uptake and, specifically, sufficient doses of cimaglermin alfa acutely produce hypoglycemia in pigs. Since acute hypoglycemia could be a safety concern, blood glucose changes in the above pig study were further investigated. In addition, basal glucose and glucose disposal were investigated in mice. Finally, as part of standard clinical chemistry profiling in a single ascending-dose human safety study, blood glucose levels were evaluated in patients with heart failure after cimaglermin alfa treatment. A single intravenous injection of cimaglermin alfa at doses of 0.8mg/kg and 2.6mg/kg in mice resulted in a transient reduction of blood glucose concentrations of approximately 20% and 34%, respectively, at 2h after the treatment compared to pre-treatment levels. Similar results were observed in diabetic mice. Treatment with cimaglermin alfa also increased blood glucose disposal following oral challenge in mice. However, no significant alterations in blood glucose concentrations were found in human heart failure patients at 0.5 and 2h after treatment with cimaglermin alfa over an equivalent human dose range, based on body surface area. Taken together, these data indicate strong species differences in blood glucose handling after cimaglermin alfa treatment, and particularly do not indicate that this phenomenon should affect human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Huang
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., 420 Saw Mill River Rd, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA.
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erika L Troy
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., 420 Saw Mill River Rd, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA
| | - Corissa McEwen
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., 420 Saw Mill River Rd, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA
| | - John H Cleator
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abigail Murphy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anthony O Caggiano
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., 420 Saw Mill River Rd, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA
| | - Andrew Eisen
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., 420 Saw Mill River Rd, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA
| | - Tom J Parry
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc., 420 Saw Mill River Rd, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA.
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Rupert CE, Coulombe KLK. IGF1 and NRG1 Enhance Proliferation, Metabolic Maturity, and the Force-Frequency Response in hESC-Derived Engineered Cardiac Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7648409. [PMID: 28951744 PMCID: PMC5603111 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7648409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and neuregulin-1β (NRG1) play important roles during cardiac development both individually and synergistically. In this study, we analyze how 3D cardiac tissue engineered from human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cardiomyocytes and 2D-plated hESC-cardiomyocytes respond to developmentally relevant growth factors both to stimulate maturity and to characterize the therapeutic potential of IGF1 and NRG1. When administered to engineered cardiac tissues, a significant decrease in active force production of ~65% was measured in all treatment groups, likely due to changes in cellular physiology. Developmentally related processes were identified in engineered tissues as IGF1 increased hESC-cardiomyocyte proliferation 3-fold over untreated controls and NRG1 stimulated oxidative phosphorylation and promoted a positive force-frequency relationship in tissues up to 3 Hz. hESC-cardiomyocyte area increased significantly with NRG1 and IGF1 + NRG1 treatment in 2D culture and gene expression data suggested increased cardiac contractile components in engineered tissues, indicating the need for functional analysis in a 3D platform to accurately characterize engineered cardiac tissue response to biochemical stimulation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of IGF1 for boosting proliferation and NRG1 for promoting metabolic and contractile maturation in engineered human cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassady E. Rupert
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kareen L. K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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21
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Chen Z, Wang GX, Ma SL, Jung DY, Ha H, Altamimi T, Zhao XY, Guo L, Zhang P, Hu CR, Cheng JX, Lopaschuk GD, Kim JK, Lin JD. Nrg4 promotes fuel oxidation and a healthy adipokine profile to ameliorate diet-induced metabolic disorders. Mol Metab 2017; 6:863-872. [PMID: 28752050 PMCID: PMC5518721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brown and white adipose tissue exerts pleiotropic effects on systemic energy metabolism in part by releasing endocrine factors. Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) was recently identified as a brown fat-enriched secreted factor that ameliorates diet-induced metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. However, the physiological mechanisms through which Nrg4 regulates energy balance and glucose and lipid metabolism remain incompletely understood. The aims of the current study were: i) to investigate the regulation of adipose Nrg4 expression during obesity and the physiological signals involved, ii) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Nrg4 regulation of energy balance and glucose and lipid metabolism, and iii) to explore whether Nrg4 regulates adipose tissue secretome gene expression and adipokine secretion. Methods We examined the correlation of adipose Nrg4 expression with obesity in a cohort of diet-induced obese mice and investigated the upstream signals that regulate Nrg4 expression. We performed metabolic cage and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies in Nrg4 transgenic mice to dissect the metabolic pathways regulated by Nrg4. We investigated how Nrg4 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in the fasting state and explored the effects of Nrg4 on adipose tissue gene expression, particularly those encoding secreted factors. Results Adipose Nrg4 expression is inversely correlated with adiposity and regulated by pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling. Transgenic expression of Nrg4 increases energy expenditure and augments whole body glucose metabolism. Nrg4 protects mice from diet-induced hepatic steatosis in part through activation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Finally, Nrg4 promotes a healthy adipokine profile during obesity. Conclusions Nrg4 exerts pleiotropic beneficial effects on energy balance and glucose and lipid metabolism to ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Biologic therapeutics based on Nrg4 may improve both type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients. Nrg4 is a target of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling in adipocytes. Transgenic expression of Nrg4 increased energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. Nrg4 stimulates hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during starvation. Nrg4 promotes a beneficial adipokine profile during obesity.
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Key Words
- Adipokine
- Adipose tissue
- BAT, Brown adipose tissue
- BMPs, Bone morphogenetic proteins
- Brown fat
- CoA, Co-enzyme A
- Diabetes
- FGF21, Fibroblast growth factor 21
- GPR120, G-protein coupled receptor 120
- HFD, High-fat diet
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- KO, Knockout
- NAFLD
- NALFD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Nrg4
- Nrg4, Neuregulin 4
- TAG, Triglyceride
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor α
- Tg, Transgenic
- UCP-1, Uncoupling protein 1
- VEGFα, Vascular endothelial growth factor α
- WAT, White adipose tissue
- WT, Wild type
- eWAT, epididymal WAT
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guo-Xiao Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara L Ma
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tariq Altamimi
- 423 Heritage Medical Research Building, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chun-Rui Hu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- 423 Heritage Medical Research Building, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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22
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Neuregulin 1 improves complex 2-mediated mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle of healthy and diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1742. [PMID: 28496106 PMCID: PMC5431817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that neuregulin1 (NRG1) improves glucose tolerance in healthy and diabetic rodents. In vitro studies also suggest that NRG1 regulates myocyte oxidative capacity. To confirm this observation in vivo, we evaluated the effect on mitochondrial function of an 8-week treatment with NRG1 in db/db diabetic mice and C57BL/6JRJ healthy controls. NRG1 treatment improved complex 2-mediated mitochondrial respiration in the gastrocnemius of both control and diabetic mice and increased mitochondrial complex 2 subunit content by 2-fold. This effect was not associated with an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis markers. Enhanced ERBB4 phosphorylation could mediate NRG1 effects on mitochondrial function through signalling pathways, independently of ERK1/2, AKT or AMPK.
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23
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Rasouli SJ, Stainier DYR. Regulation of cardiomyocyte behavior in zebrafish trabeculation by Neuregulin 2a signaling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15281. [PMID: 28485381 PMCID: PMC5477525 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabeculation is crucial for cardiac muscle growth in vertebrates. This process requires the Erbb2/4 ligand Neuregulin (Nrg), secreted by the endocardium, as well as blood flow/cardiac contractility. Here, we address two fundamental, yet unresolved, questions about cardiac trabeculation: why does it initially occur in the ventricle and not the atrium, and how is it modulated by blood flow/contractility. Using loss-of-function approaches, we first show that zebrafish Nrg2a is required for trabeculation, and using a protein-trap line, find that it is expressed in both cardiac chambers albeit with different spatiotemporal patterns. Through gain-of-function experiments, we show that atrial cardiomyocytes can also respond to Nrg2a signalling, suggesting that the cardiac jelly, which remains prominent in the atrium, represents a barrier to Erbb2/4 activation. Furthermore, we find that blood flow/contractility is required for Nrg2a expression, and that while non-contractile hearts fail to trabeculate, non-contractile cardiomyocytes are also competent to respond to Nrg2a/Erbb2 signalling. Cardiac trabeculae (which are sponge-like muscular structures) form mostly as a result of cardiomyocyte (CM) delamination in zebrafish. Here, the authors identify Nrg2a in zebrafish as a key regulator of trabeculation, and atrial and non-contractile CMs also respond to Nrg2a despite not forming trabeculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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24
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Juretić N, Díaz J, Romero F, González G, Jaimovich E, Riveros N. Interleukin-6 and neuregulin-1 as regulators of utrophin expression via the activation of NRG-1/ErbB signaling pathway in mdx cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:770-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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25
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Sebastián D, Sorianello E, Segalés J, Irazoki A, Ruiz-Bonilla V, Sala D, Planet E, Berenguer-Llergo A, Muñoz JP, Sánchez-Feutrie M, Plana N, Hernández-Álvarez MI, Serrano AL, Palacín M, Zorzano A. Mfn2 deficiency links age-related sarcopenia and impaired autophagy to activation of an adaptive mitophagy pathway. EMBO J 2016; 35:1677-93. [PMID: 27334614 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of damaged mitochondria are considered major contributors to aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these mitochondrial alterations remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) plays a key role in the control of muscle mitochondrial damage. We show that aging is characterized by a progressive reduction in Mfn2 in mouse skeletal muscle and that skeletal muscle Mfn2 ablation in mice generates a gene signature linked to aging. Furthermore, analysis of muscle Mfn2-deficient mice revealed that aging-induced Mfn2 decrease underlies the age-related alterations in metabolic homeostasis and sarcopenia. Mfn2 deficiency reduced autophagy and impaired mitochondrial quality, which contributed to an exacerbated age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, aging-induced Mfn2 deficiency triggers a ROS-dependent adaptive signaling pathway through induction of HIF1α transcription factor and BNIP3. This pathway compensates for the loss of mitochondrial autophagy and minimizes mitochondrial damage. Our findings reveal that Mfn2 repression in muscle during aging is a determinant for the inhibition of mitophagy and accumulation of damaged mitochondria and triggers the induction of a mitochondrial quality control pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Sorianello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Segalés
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Irazoki
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ruiz-Bonilla
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sala
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evarist Planet
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Berenguer-Llergo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Feutrie
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Plana
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Hernández-Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) CIBER on Neurodegenerative diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Caillaud K, Boisseau N, Ennequin G, Chavanelle V, Etienne M, Li X, Denis P, Dardevet D, Lacampagne A, Sirvent P. Neuregulin 1 improves glucose tolerance in adult and old rats. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Ennequin G, Boisseau N, Caillaud K, Chavanelle V, Etienne M, Li X, Sirvent P. Neuregulin 1 Improves Glucose Tolerance in db/db Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130568. [PMID: 26230680 PMCID: PMC4521942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments using rodent skeletal muscle cells suggest that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is involved in glucose metabolism regulation, although no study has evaluated the role of NRG1 in systemic glucose homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic and acute NRG1 treatment on glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. To this aim, glucose tolerance tests were performed in 8-week-old male db/db mice after treatment with NRG1 (50μg.kg-1) or saline 3 times per week for 8 weeks. In other experiments, glucose tolerance and pyruvate tolerance tests were performed in db/db mice 15 minutes after a single NRG1 (50μg.kg-1) or saline injection. Liver, adipose tissue, hypothalamus and skeletal muscle were also collected 30 minutes after acute NRG1 (50μg.kg-1) or saline treatment, and the phosphorylation status of the ERBB receptors, AKT (on Ser473) and FOXO1 (on Ser256) was assessed by western blotting. Chronic treatment (8 weeks) with NRG1 improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Acute treatment also lowered glycemia and insulinemia during glucose or pyruvate tolerance tests. NRG1 acute injection induced activation of ERBB3 receptors and phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO1 only in liver. Altogether, this study shows that acute and chronic NRG1 treatments improve glucose tolerance in db/db mice. This effect could be mediated through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Kevin Caillaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Vivien Chavanelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Monique Etienne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Xinyan Li
- Zensun Sci & Tech Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- * E-mail:
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28
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Ennequin G, Boisseau N, Caillaud K, Chavanelle V, Gerbaix M, Metz L, Etienne M, Walrand S, Masgrau A, Guillet C, Courteix D, Niu A, Li YP, Capel F, Sirvent P. Exercise training and return to a well-balanced diet activate the neuregulin 1/ErbB pathway in skeletal muscle of obese rats. J Physiol 2015; 593:2665-77. [PMID: 25820551 DOI: 10.1113/jp270026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Some studies suggest that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) could be involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism in rodents. Here we assessed whether unbalanced diet is associated with alterations of the NRG1 signalling pathway and whether exercise and diet might restore NRG1 signalling in skeletal muscle of obese rats. We show that diet-induced obesity does not impair NRG1 signalling in rat skeletal muscle. We also report that endurance training and a well-balanced diet activate the NRG1 signalling in skeletal muscle of obese rats, possibly via a new mechanism mediated by the protease ADAM17. These results suggest that some beneficial effects of physical activity and diet in obese rats could be partly explained by stimulation of the NRG1 signalling pathway. ABSTRACT Some studies suggest that the signalling pathway of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a protein involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, could be altered by nutritional and exercise interventions. We hypothesized that diet-induced obesity could lead to alterations of the NRG1 signalling pathway and that chronic exercise could improve NRG1 signalling in rat skeletal muscle. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats received a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet for 16 weeks. At the end of this period, NRG1 and ErbB expression/activity in skeletal muscle was assessed. The obese rats then continued the HF/HS diet or were switched to a well-balanced diet. Moreover, in both groups, half of the animals also performed low intensity treadmill exercise training. After another 8 weeks, NRG1 and ErbB expression/activity in skeletal muscle were tested again. The 16 week HF/HS diet induced obesity, but did not significantly affect the NRG1/ErbB signalling pathway in rat skeletal muscle. Conversely, after the switch to a well-balanced diet, NRG1 cleavage ratio and ErbB4 amount were increased. Chronic exercise training also promoted NRG1 cleavage, resulting in increased ErbB4 phosphorylation. This result was associated with increased protein expression and phosphorylation ratio of the metalloprotease ADAM17, which is involved in NRG1 shedding. Similarly, in vitro stretch-induced activation of ADAM17 in rat myoblasts induced NRG1 cleavage and ErbB4 activation. These results show that low intensity endurance training and well-balanced diet activate the NRG1-ErbB4 pathway, possibly via the metalloprotease ADAM17, in skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Kevin Caillaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Vivien Chavanelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Maude Gerbaix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Lore Metz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Monique Etienne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Aurélie Masgrau
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Airu Niu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fréderic Capel
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3533, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), BP 80026, F-63171, Aubière Cedex, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
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29
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Rupert CE, Coulombe KL. The roles of neuregulin-1 in cardiac development, homeostasis, and disease. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:1-9. [PMID: 25922571 PMCID: PMC4395047 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and its signaling receptors, erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homologs (ErbB) 2, 3, and 4, have been implicated in both cardiomyocyte development and disease, as well as in homeostatic cardiac function. NRG-1/ErbB signaling is involved in a multitude of cardiac processes ranging from myocardial and cardiac conduction system development to angiogenic support of cardiomyocytes, to cardioprotective effects upon injury. Numerous studies of NRG-1 employ a variety of platforms, including in vitro assays, animal models, and human clinical trials, with equally varying and, sometimes, contradictory outcomes. NRG-1 has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool in stem cell therapies, tissue engineering applications, and clinical diagnostics and treatment. This review presents a concise summary of the growing body of literature to highlight the temporally persistent significance of NRG-1/ErbB signaling throughout development, homeostasis, and disease in the heart, specifically in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassady E Rupert
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen Lk Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. ; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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30
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Christian M. Transcriptional fingerprinting of "browning" white fat identifies NRG4 as a novel adipokine. Adipocyte 2015; 4:50-4. [PMID: 26167402 PMCID: PMC4496975 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes help to maintain body temperature by the expression of a unique set of genes that facilitate cellular metabolic events including uncoupling protein 1-dependent thermogenesis. The dissipation of energy in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is in stark contrast to white adipose tissue (WAT) which is the body's primary site of energy storage. However, adipose tissue is highly dynamic and upon cold exposure profound changes occur in WAT resulting in a BAT-like phenotype due to the presence of brown-in-white (BRITE) adipocytes. In our recent report, transcription profiling was used to identify the gene expression changes that underlie the browning process as well as the intrinsic differences between BAT and WAT. Neuregulin 4 was categorized as a cold-induced BAT gene encoding an adipokine that signals between adipocytes and nerve cells and likely to have a role in increasing adipose tissue innervation in response to cold.
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31
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Dwyer DS, Weeks K, Aamodt EJ. Drug discovery based on genetic and metabolic findings in schizophrenia. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 1:773-89. [PMID: 24410607 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.1.6.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the genetics of schizophrenia provides the rationale for re-evaluating causative factors and therapeutic strategies for this disease. Here, we review the major candidate susceptibility genes and relate the aberrant function of these genes to defective regulation of energy metabolism in the schizophrenic brain. Disturbances in energy metabolism potentially lead to neurodevelopmental deficits, impaired function of the mature nervous system and failure to maintain neurites/dendrites and synaptic connections. Current antipsychotic drugs do not specifically address these underlying deficits; therefore, a new generation of more effective medications is urgently needed. Novel targets for future drug discovery are identified in this review. The coordinated application of structure-based drug design, systems biology and research on model organisms may greatly facilitate the search for next-generation antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donard S Dwyer
- Professor and Director of Basic Research, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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32
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Segalés J, Paz JC, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Sala D, Muñoz JP, Noguera E, Pich S, Palacín M, Enríquez JA, Zorzano A. A form of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) lacking the transmembrane domains and the COOH-terminal end stimulates metabolism in muscle and liver cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1208-21. [PMID: 23941871 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00546.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion, is required to maintain normal mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver. Given that muscle Mfn2 is repressed in obese or type 2 diabetic subjects, this protein may have a potential pathophysiological role in these conditions. To evaluate whether the metabolic effects of Mfn2 can be dissociated from its function in mitochondrial dynamics, we studied a form of human Mfn2, lacking the two transmembrane domains and the COOH-terminal coiled coil (ΔMfn2). This form localized in mitochondria but did not alter mitochondrial morphology in cells or in skeletal muscle fibers. The expression of ΔMfn2 in mouse skeletal muscle stimulated glucose oxidation and enhanced respiratory control ratio, which occurred in the absence of changes in mitochondrial mass. ΔMfn2 did not stimulate mitochondrial respiration in Mfn2-deficient muscle cells. The expression of ΔMfn2 in mouse liver or in hepatoma cells stimulated gluconeogenesis. In addition, ΔMfn2 activated basal and maximal respiration both in muscle and liver cells. In all, we show that a form of Mfn2 lacking mitochondrial fusion activity stimulates mitochondrial function and enhances glucose metabolism in muscle and liver tissues. This study suggests that Mfn2 regulates metabolism independently of changes in mitochondrial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Segalés
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Abstract
Glucose is an important fuel for contracting muscle, and normal glucose metabolism is vital for health. Glucose enters the muscle cell via facilitated diffusion through the GLUT4 glucose transporter which translocates from intracellular storage depots to the plasma membrane and T-tubules upon muscle contraction. Here we discuss the current understanding of how exercise-induced muscle glucose uptake is regulated. We briefly discuss the role of glucose supply and metabolism and concentrate on GLUT4 translocation and the molecular signaling that sets this in motion during muscle contractions. Contraction-induced molecular signaling is complex and involves a variety of signaling molecules including AMPK, Ca(2+), and NOS in the proximal part of the signaling cascade as well as GTPases, Rab, and SNARE proteins and cytoskeletal components in the distal part. While acute regulation of muscle glucose uptake relies on GLUT4 translocation, glucose uptake also depends on muscle GLUT4 expression which is increased following exercise. AMPK and CaMKII are key signaling kinases that appear to regulate GLUT4 expression via the HDAC4/5-MEF2 axis and MEF2-GEF interactions resulting in nuclear export of HDAC4/5 in turn leading to histone hyperacetylation on the GLUT4 promoter and increased GLUT4 transcription. Exercise training is the most potent stimulus to increase skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression, an effect that may partly contribute to improved insulin action and glucose disposal and enhanced muscle glycogen storage following exercise training in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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34
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Raschke S, Eckardt K, Bjørklund Holven K, Jensen J, Eckel J. Identification and validation of novel contraction-regulated myokines released from primary human skeletal muscle cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62008. [PMID: 23637948 PMCID: PMC3634789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins secreted by skeletal muscle, so called myokines, have been shown to affect muscle physiology and additionally exert systemic effects on other tissues and organs. Although recent profiling studies have identified numerous myokines, the amount of overlap from these studies indicates that the secretome of skeletal muscle is still incompletely characterized. One limitation of the models used is the lack of contraction, a central characteristic of muscle cells. Here we aimed to characterize the secretome of primary human myotubes by cytokine antibody arrays and to identify myokines regulated by contraction, which was induced by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). In this study, we validated the regulation and release of two selected myokines, namely pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which were recently described as adipokines. This study reveals that both factors, DPP4 and PEDF, are secreted by primary human myotubes. PEDF is a contraction-regulated myokine, although PEDF serum levels from healthy young men decrease after 60 min cycling at VO2max of 70%. Most interestingly, we identified 52 novel myokines which have not been described before to be secreted by skeletal muscle cells. For 48 myokines we show that their release is regulated by contractile activity. This profiling study of the human skeletal muscle secretome expands the number of myokines, identifies novel contraction-regulated myokines and underlines the overlap between proteins which are adipokines as well as myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Raschke
- Paul-Langerhans-Group of Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Paul-Langerhans-Group of Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Paul-Langerhans-Group of Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
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35
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Ogawa T, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Sawa C, Saito T, Murayama A, Kuwagata M, Kageyama H, Yagi M, Satoh K, Shioda S. Seeking gene candidates responsible for developmental origins of health and disease. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2011; 51:110-25. [PMID: 21848995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human epidemiological evidence has led scientists to theorize that undernutrition during gestation is an important early origin of adult diseases. Animal models have successfully demonstrated that maternal diet could contribute to some adult diseases. Undernutrition is perceived harmful in pregnant women, whereas calorie restriction is a strategy proven to extend healthy and maximum lifespan in adult. This diagrammatically opposite effect of nutritional condition might provide us with hints to search for genes underlying health conditions. Here, we have initiated a study examining the effect of undernutrition on maternal and fetal livers, utilizing high-throughput DNA microarray analysis for screening genome-wide changes in their transcriptomes. Briefly, pregnant mice were exposed to food deprivation (FD) on gestation day (GD) 17, and cesarean section was performed on GD18. Control mice were supplied with chow ad libitum until sacrifice. Total RNA extracted from mother and fetal livers for each control and treatment (FD) was analyzed with an Agilent mouse whole genome DNA chip. A total of 3058 and 3126 up- (>1.5-fold) and down- (<0.75-fold) regulated genes, and 1475 and 1225 up- (>1.5-fold) and down- (<0.75-fold) regulated genes showed differential expression at the mRNA level, in the maternal and fetal livers, respectively. Interestingly, 103 genes up-regulated in the mother were down-regulated in the fetus, whereas 108 down-regulated maternal genes were up-regulated in the fetus; these 211 genes are potential candidates related to longevity or health. The role of some of these genes, in context of the proposed mechanisms for developmental origins of health and disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ogawa
- Anti-aging Medicine Funded Research Laboratories, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Gumà A, Martínez-Redondo V, López-Soldado I, Cantó C, Zorzano A. Emerging role of neuregulin as a modulator of muscle metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E742-50. [PMID: 20028964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00541.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin was described initially as a neurotrophic factor involved in the formation of the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle. However, in recent years, neuregulin has been reported to be a myokine that exerts relevant effects on myogenesis and the regulation of muscle metabolism. In this new context, the rapid and chronic metabolic effects of neuregulin appear to be related to muscle contraction. Indeed, the effects of neuregulin resemble those of exercise, which are accompanied by an improvement in insulin sensitivity. In this review, we challenge the classical role assigned to neuregulin in muscle and propound the emerging concept of its involvement in the regulation of energetic metabolism and insulin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumà
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Remels AHV, Langen RCJ, Schrauwen P, Schaart G, Schols AMWJ, Gosker HR. Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis during myogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 315:113-20. [PMID: 19804813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis associated with myogenic differentiation are poorly defined. Therefore, C(2)C(12) myoblasts were differentiated into multi-nucleated myotubes and parameters/regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis were investigated. Mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase- and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity as well as protein content of complexes I, II, III and V of the mitochondrial respiratory chain increased 4-8-fold during differentiation. Additionally, an increase in the ratio of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) slow vs MyHC fast protein content was observed. PPAR transcriptional activity and transcript levels of PPAR-alpha, the PPAR co-activator PGC-1alpha, mitochondrial transcription factor A and nuclear respiratory factor 1 increased during differentiation while expression levels of PPAR-gamma decreased. In conclusion, expression and activity levels of genes known for their regulatory role in skeletal muscle oxidative capabilities parallel the increase in oxidative parameters during the myogenic program. In particular, PGC-1alpha and PPAR-alpha may be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H V Remels
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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38
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Echave P, Machado-da-Silva G, Arkell RS, Duchen MR, Jacobson J, Mitter R, Lloyd AC. Extracellular growth factors and mitogens cooperate to drive mitochondrial biogenesis. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4516-25. [PMID: 19920079 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.049734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells generate new organelles when stimulated by extracellular factors to grow and divide; however, little is known about how growth and mitogenic signalling pathways regulate organelle biogenesis. Using mitochondria as a model organelle, we have investigated this problem in primary Schwann cells, for which distinct factors act solely as mitogens (neuregulin) or as promoters of cell growth (insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF1). We find that neuregulin and IGF1 act synergistically to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA replication, resulting in increased mitochondrial density in these cells. Moreover, constitutive oncogenic Ras signalling results in a further increase in mitochondrial density. This synergistic effect is seen at the global transcriptional level, requires both the ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathways and is mediated by the transcription factor ERRalpha. Interestingly, the effect is independent of Akt-TOR signalling, a major regulator of cell growth in these cells. This separation of the pathways that drive mitochondrial biogenesis and cell growth provides a mechanism for the modulation of mitochondrial density according to the metabolic requirements of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Echave
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, The Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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39
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Abstract
Mitochondria play central roles in energy homeostasis, metabolism, signaling, and apoptosis. Accordingly, the abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria are finely tuned to meet cell-specific energetic, metabolic, and signaling demands. This tuning is largely achieved at the level of transcriptional regulation. A highly interconnected network of transcription factors regulates a broad set of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, including those that control replication and transcription of the mitochondrial genome. The same transcriptional network senses cues relaying cellular energy status, nutrient availability, and the physiological state of the organism and enables short- and long-term adaptive responses, resulting in adjustments to mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many human diseases. Characterization of the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function can offer insights into possible therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benjamin Hock
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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40
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Cheng CF, Ku HC, Lin H. Functional alpha 1 protease inhibitor produced by a human hepatoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982; 19:ijms19113447. [PMID: 30400212 PMCID: PMC6274980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1 protease inhibitor antigen was identified in the culture medium of the human ascites hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1. Trypsin inhibitory activity and alpha 1 Pl antigen accumulated in serum-free medium concomitantly over a period of several days. Radioactive alpha 1 Pl antigen was detected in conditioned medium from cultures supplemented with 35S-L-methionine, indicating a synthesis and release of the protein. Alpha 1 Pl antigen in conditioned medium appeared to be antigenically identical to that in human plasma, and the newly synthesized (radiolabeled) antigen co-migrated with plasma, alpha 1 Pl after immunoelectrophoresis or SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, evidence is presented that the synthesized inhibitor exhibits functional activity, since the 35S-labeled alpha 1 Pl in conditioned medium complexes with trypsin. We conclude that SK-HEP-1 cells in culture produce functionally active alpha 1 Pl which may be identical to that in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Heng Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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