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Vainer N, Rotbain Curovic V, Niemann CU, Slager SL, Rotbain EC. Understanding the interplay between chronic lymphocytic leukemia and type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Hematol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39041465 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2383417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comorbidities play an important role in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and may influence survival and treatment outcomes. Considering the aging general population and increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between CLL and T2D is essential for optimizing care and outcomes. AREAS COVERED We present current knowledge on co-existing CLL and T2D including prevalence, shared etiology and risk factors and how the conditions and treatment hereof may influence the outcome of one another. A literature search was performed using PubMed with the cutoff date on 1 February 2024. EXPERT OPINION The increased mortality observed in persons with CLL who have co-existing T2D is partially ascribed to infections, prompting physicians managing individuals with both conditions to consider closer monitoring during instances of infection and individualized prophylaxis. People with CLL and T2D should be managed for CLL in accordance with the international working group on CLL criteria, and we recommend that physicians exercise particular care not to delay treatment for these individuals. Multidisciplinary approaches with involvement of several specialties may be required for optimal supportive care of co-occurring T2D and CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomi Vainer
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hematology Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carsten Utoft Niemann
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emelie Curovic Rotbain
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hematology Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Gojani EG, Wang B, Li DP, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. The Impact of Psilocybin on High Glucose/Lipid-Induced Changes in INS-1 Cell Viability and Dedifferentiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38397173 PMCID: PMC10888174 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin emerges as a pivotal factor influencing the growth and functionality of β-cells. Psilocybin, a natural compound derived from mushrooms of the Psilocybe genus, exerts agonistic effects on the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors, thereby mimicking serotonin's behavior. This study investigates the potential impacts of psilocybin on β-cell viability, dedifferentiation, and function using an in vitro system. The INS-1 832/13 Rat Insulinoma cell line underwent psilocybin pretreatment, followed by exposure to high glucose-high lipid (HG-HL) conditions for specific time periods. After being harvested from treated cells, total transcript and cellular protein were utilized for further investigation. Our findings implied that psilocybin administration effectively mitigates HG-HL-stimulated β-cell loss, potentially mediated through the modulation of apoptotic biomarkers, which is possibly related to the mitigation of TXNIP, STAT-1, and STAT-3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, psilocybin exhibits the capacity to modulate the expression of key genes associated with β-cell dedifferentiation, including Pou5f1 and Nanog, indicating its potential in attenuating β-cell dedifferentiation. This research lays the groundwork for further exploration into the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in Type II diabetes intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (E.G.G.); (B.W.); (D.-P.L.); (O.K.)
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3
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Cheng W, Cai C, Xu Y, Xiao X, Shi T, Liao Y, Wang X, Chen S, Zhou M, Liao Z. The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 axis underlies hyperglycaemic cell death and diabetic tissue damage. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:825. [PMID: 38092733 PMCID: PMC10719266 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycaemia is a devastating factor that causes diabetes-induced damage to the retina and kidney. However, the precise mechanism by which hyperglycaemia drives apoptotic cell death is incompletely known. Herein, we found that FOXD1, a FOX family transcription factor specifically expressed in the retina and kidney, regulated the transcription of BCL-2, a master regulator of cell survival. Intriguingly, the protein level of FOXD1, which responded negatively to hyperglycaemic conditions, was controlled by the TRIM21-mediated K48-linked polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 signalling axis was notably active during diabetes-induced damage to murine retinal and renal tissues. Furthermore, we found that tartary buckwheat flavonoids effectively reversed the downregulation of FOXD1 protein expression and thus restored BCL-2 expression and facilitated the survival of retinal and renal tissues. In summary, we identified a transcription factor responsible for BCL-2 expression, a signalling axis (TRM21-FOXD1-BCL-2) underlying hyperglycaemia-triggered apoptosis, and a potential treatment for deleterious diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Cifeng Cai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xueqi Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tiantian Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yueling Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Sasaki S, Nian C, Xu EE, Pasula DJ, Winata H, Grover S, Luciani DS, Lynn FC. Type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene GRK5 regulates physiological pancreatic β-cell proliferation via phosphorylation of HDAC5. iScience 2023; 26:107311. [PMID: 37520700 PMCID: PMC10382860 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring functional β cell mass is a potential therapy for those with diabetes. However, the pathways regulating β cell mass are not fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated that Sox4 is required for β cell proliferation during prediabetes. Here, we report that Sox4 regulates β cell mass through modulating expression of the type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility gene GRK5. β cell-specific Grk5 knockout mice showed impaired glucose tolerance with reduced β cell mass, which was accompanied by upregulation of cell cycle inhibitor gene Cdkn1a. Furthermore, we found that Grk5 may drive β cell proliferation through a pathway that includes phosphorylation of HDAC5 and subsequent transcription of immediate-early genes (IEGs) such as Nr4a1, Fosb, Junb, Arc, Egr1, and Srf. Together, these studies suggest GRK5 is linked to T2D through regulation of β cell growth and that it may be a target to preserve β cells during the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sasaki
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cuilan Nian
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric E. Xu
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Pasula
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Helena Winata
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sanya Grover
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan S. Luciani
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francis C. Lynn
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Perez-Serna AA, Dos Santos RS, Ripoll C, Nadal A, Eizirik DL, Marroqui L. BCL-XL Overexpression Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against Cytokine- and Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5657. [PMID: 36982731 PMCID: PMC10056015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects glucose metabolism, either by autoimmune-driven β-cell loss or by the progressive loss of β-cell function, due to continued metabolic stresses. Although both α- and β-cells are exposed to the same stressors, such as proinflammatory cytokines and saturated free fatty acids (e.g., palmitate), only α-cells survive. We previously reported that the abundant expression of BCL-XL, an anti-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family of proteins, is part of the α-cell defense mechanism against palmitate-induced cell death. Here, we investigated whether BCL-XL overexpression could protect β-cells against the apoptosis induced by proinflammatory and metabolic insults. For this purpose, BCL-XL was overexpressed in two β-cell lines-namely, rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E and human insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells-using adenoviral vectors. We observed that the BCL-XL overexpression in INS-1E cells was slightly reduced in intracellular Ca2+ responses and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas these effects were not observed in the human EndoC-βH1 cells. In INS-1E cells, BCL-XL overexpression partially decreased cytokine- and palmitate-induced β-cell apoptosis (around 40% protection). On the other hand, the overexpression of BCL-XL markedly protected EndoC-βH1 cells against the apoptosis triggered by these insults (>80% protection). Analysis of the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers suggests that resistance to the cytokine and palmitate conferred by BCL-XL overexpression might be, at least in part, due to the alleviation of ER stress. Altogether, our data indicate that BCL-XL plays a dual role in β-cells, participating both in cellular processes related to β-cell physiology and in fostering survival against pro-apoptotic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atenea A. Perez-Serna
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Reinaldo S. Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Vanderkruk B, Maeshima N, Pasula DJ, An M, McDonald CL, Suresh P, Luciani DS, Lynn FC, Hoffman BG. Methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 is required for maintenance of beta cell function in adult mice. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1097-1115. [PMID: 36912927 PMCID: PMC10163146 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Beta cells control glucose homeostasis via regulated production and secretion of insulin. This function arises from a highly specialised gene expression programme that is established during development and then sustained, with limited flexibility, in terminally differentiated cells. Dysregulation of this programme is seen in type 2 diabetes but mechanisms that preserve gene expression or underlie its dysregulation in mature cells are not well resolved. This study investigated whether methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4), a marker of gene promoters with unresolved functional importance, is necessary for the maintenance of mature beta cell function. METHODS Beta cell function, gene expression and chromatin modifications were analysed in conditional Dpy30 knockout mice, in which H3K4 methyltransferase activity is impaired, and in a mouse model of diabetes. RESULTS H3K4 methylation maintains expression of genes that are important for insulin biosynthesis and glucose responsiveness. Deficient methylation of H3K4 leads to a less active and more repressed epigenome profile that locally correlates with gene expression deficits but does not globally reduce gene expression. Instead, developmentally regulated genes and genes in weakly active or suppressed states particularly rely on H3K4 methylation. We further show that H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is reorganised in islets from the Leprdb/db mouse model of diabetes in favour of weakly active and disallowed genes at the expense of terminal beta cell markers with broad H3K4me3 peaks. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sustained methylation of H3K4 is critical for the maintenance of beta cell function. Redistribution of H3K4me3 is linked to gene expression changes that are implicated in diabetes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vanderkruk
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nina Maeshima
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel J Pasula
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meilin An
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cassandra L McDonald
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Priya Suresh
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brad G Hoffman
- Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Alabi B, Iwalewa O, Omobowale T, Adedapo A, Hammed O, Ajike R, Afolabi O. Cysteamine Attenuate Intestinal Reperfusion Injury Induced by Occlusion of Mesenteric Artery by Enhancing Intracellular Thiol Activities. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:137-145. [PMID: 36574776 DOI: 10.1055/a-1974-9132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion has been reported to further damage the intestine reperfusion injury (IRI) and cause multiple distal organ dysfunction through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Cysteamine is known to inhibit oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. This experiment was designed to evaluate the role of cysteamine against IRI in rats METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rat strains were assigned to four groups: sham, Intestinal-reperfusion injury (IRI), 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg cysteamine treatment IRI. A 5 cm segment of terminal ileum was twisted 360° clockwise along the mesentery for 45 minutes to induce ischemia before detorsion. Tissues were preserved for biochemical evaluation and histology 4 hours after detorsion. Activities of GPx, GSH, protein and non-protein thiol, H2O2, MDA were evaluated. Serum concentration of nitrite, MPO, ALT, AST TNF-alpha and IL-6 were measured. Caspase 3 and bax were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05 RESULTS: Significant (p<0.05) increase in H2O2, MDA and nitrite but reduction in GPx, GSH, protein thiol and non-protein thiol in the IRI rats was reversed by 50 and 100 mg/kg cysteamine. Serum MPO, TNF-α, IL6, AST and ALT was significantly elevated in IRI while the rats treated with cysteamine showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activities of these inflammatory and hepatic injury markers. CONCLUSION Cysteamine mitigate IRI by enhancing intracellular antioxidant defense system, inhibiting inflammatory mediators and intestinal tissue expression of pro-apoptotic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Bowen University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Iwalewa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Adeolu Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Hammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
| | - Richard Ajike
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
| | - Oladele Afolabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
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Dye CK, Corley MJ, Ing C, Lum-Jones A, Li D, Mau MKLM, Maunakea AK. Shifts in the immunoepigenomic landscape of monocytes in response to a diabetes-specific social support intervention: a pilot study among Native Hawaiian adults with diabetes. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:91. [PMID: 35851422 PMCID: PMC9295496 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native Hawaiians are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic, non-communicable disease characterized by hyperglycemia and systemic inflammation. Unrelenting systemic inflammation frequently leads to a cascade of multiple comorbidities associated with DM, including cardiovascular disease, microvascular complications, and renal dysfunction. Yet few studies have examined the link between chronic inflammation at a cellular level and its relationship to standard DM therapies such as diabetes-specific lifestyle and social support education, well recognized as the cornerstone of clinical standards of diabetes care. This pilot study was initiated to explore the association of monocyte inflammation using epigenetic, immunologic, and clinical measures following a 3-month diabetes-specific social support program among high-risk Native Hawaiian adults with DM. RESULTS From a sample of 16 Native Hawaiian adults with DM, monocytes enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 8 individuals were randomly selected for epigenomic analysis. Using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip microarray, 1,061 differentially methylated loci (DML) were identified in monocytes of participants at baseline and 3 months following a DM-specific social support program (DM-SSP). Gene ontology analysis showed that these DML were enriched within genes involved in immune, metabolic, and cardiometabolic pathways, a subset of which were also significantly differentially expressed. Ex vivo analysis of immune function showed improvement post-DM-SSP compared with baseline, characterized by attenuated interleukin 1β and IL-6 secretion from monocytes. Altered cytokine secretion in response to the DM-SSP was significantly associated with changes in the methylation and gene expression states of immune-related genes in monocytes between intervention time points. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study provides preliminary evidence of changes to inflammatory monocyte activity, potentially driven by epigenetic modifications, 3 months following a DM-specific SSP intervention. These novel alterations in the trajectory of monocyte inflammatory states were identified at loci that regulate transcription of immune and metabolic genes in high-risk Native Hawaiians with DM, suggesting a relationship between improvements in psychosocial behaviors and shifts in the immunoepigenetic patterns following a diabetes-specific SSP. Further research is warranted to investigate how social support influences systemic inflammation via immunoepigenetic modifications in chronic inflammatory diseases such as DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Dye
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222-K, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michael J Corley
- Cornell Center for Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Claire Ing
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Annette Lum-Jones
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Marjorie K L M Mau
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Alika K Maunakea
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St. BSB222-K, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Alam M, Alam S, Shamsi A, Adnan M, Elasbali AM, Al-Soud WA, Alreshidi M, Hawsawi YM, Tippana A, Pasupuleti VR, Hassan MI. Bax/Bcl-2 Cascade Is Regulated by the EGFR Pathway: Therapeutic Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869672. [PMID: 35402265 PMCID: PMC8990771 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) comprises 80%-85% of lung cancer cases. EGFR is involved in several cancer developments, including NSCLC. The EGFR pathway regulates the Bax/Bcl-2 cascade in NSCLC. Increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fundamental tumor progression has guided the development of numerous antitumor drugs. The development and improvement of rationally planned inhibitors and agents targeting particular cellular and biological pathways in cancer have been signified as a most important paradigm shift in the strategy to treat and manage lung cancer. Newer approaches and novel chemotherapeutic agents are required to accompany present cancer therapies for improving efficiency. Using natural products as a drug with an effective delivery system may benefit therapeutics. Naturally originated compounds such as phytochemicals provide crucial sources for novel agents/drugs and resources for tumor therapy. Applying the small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs)/phytochemicals has led to potent preclinical discoveries in various human tumor preclinical models, including lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent information on the molecular mechanisms of the Bax/Bcl-2 cascade and EGFR pathway in NSCLC and target them for therapeutic implications. We further described the therapeutic potential of Bax/Bcl-2/EGFR SMIs, mainly those with more potent and selectivity, including gefitinib, EGCG, ABT-737, thymoquinone, quercetin, and venetoclax. In addition, we explained the targeting EGFR pathway and ongoing in vitro and in vivo and clinical investigations in NSCLC. Exploration of such inhibitors facilitates the future treatment and management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Shoaib Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abu Al-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Health Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anitha Tippana
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, India
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.,Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, India
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Arzoo SH, Chattopadhyay K, Parvin T, Chattopadhyay B. Amelioration of related complications by the combined usage of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl and pumpkin seed in type 2 diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:345-352. [PMID: 34883006 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and cell damage are the major patho-physiological reasons behind type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is one of the most prevalent non communicable metabolic disorders in the world. Oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin shots are usually exercised to treat the diabetic patients but it produces many side effects. Thereby paving the way for natural hypoglycemic agents; a Himalayan herb and alternative nutritional therapy; low glycaemic indexed pumpkin seed, are used in combination for a better management of the disease. OBJECTIVES To explore the combined efficacy of Gymnadenia orchidis Lindl root Salep and low-glycemic indexed-pumpkin seeds in better management of T2DM and associated complications. METHODS Balb/c mice were randomly allocated to six different groups (n=5). Streptozotocin along with high-fat-diet was used to induce T2DM. The experimental animals were supplemented with low-glycemic food or root Salep (200 mg/kg body weight) or combination of both according to their groups for 21 days, post which various biochemical tests were performed. RESULTS T2DM augmented the IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, BAX, Insulin levels, and HOMA-IR with concurrent reduction of IL-4, QUICKI, Bcl-2, estradiol and progesterone levels. FACS revealed augmented cellular damage in T2DM mice. Interestingly, root Salep and pumpkin seeds normalized those parameters in T2DM animals suggesting significant (p<0.001) improvement of immunity of the diseased animals and ameliorated associated complications. CONCLUSIONS Root Salep and pumpkin seed display synergism among binomial set of herbal agents which may be safely used for T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tania Parvin
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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11
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Wong HY, Hui Q, Hao Z, Warnock GL, Woo M, Luciani DS, Marzban L. The role of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in islet amyloid-induced β-cell death. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 537:111424. [PMID: 34400259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid, formed by aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP), contributes to β-cell death in type 2 diabetes. We previously showed that extracellular hIAPP aggregates promote Fas-mediated β-cell apoptosis. Here, we tested if hIAPP aggregates can trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (MAP). hIAPP aggregation in Ad-hIAPP transduced INS-1 and human islet β-cells promoted cytochrome c release, caspase-9 activation and apoptosis, which were reduced by Bax inhibitor. Amyloid formation in hIAPP-expressing mouse islets during culture increased caspase-9 activation in β-cells. Ad-hIAPP transduced islets from CytcKA/KA and BaxBak βDKO mice (models of blocked MAP), had lower caspase-9-positive and apoptotic β-cells than transduced wild-type islets, despite comparable amyloid formation. Blocking Fas (markedly) and Bax or caspase-9 (modestly) reduced β-cell death induced by extracellular hIAPP aggregates. These findings suggest a role for MAP in amyloid-induced β-cell death and a potential strategy to reduce intracellular amyloid β-cell toxicity by blocking cytochrome c apoptotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Y Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Queenie Hui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Garth L Warnock
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Marzban
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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12
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Naomi R, Bahari H, Yazid MD, Othman F, Zakaria ZA, Hussain MK. Potential Effects of Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas) in Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia-A Systematic Review in Diabetic Retinopathy Context. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10816. [PMID: 34639164 PMCID: PMC8509747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a condition with high glucose levels that may result in dyslipidemia. In severe cases, this alteration may lead to diabetic retinopathy. Numerous drugs have been approved by officials to treat these conditions, but usage of any synthetic drugs in the long term will result in unavoidable side effects such as kidney failure. Therefore, more emphasis is being placed on natural ingredients due to their bioavailability and absence of side effects. In regards to this claim, promising results have been witnessed in the usage of Ipomoea batatas (I. batatas) in treating the hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic condition. Thus, the aim of this paper is to conduct an overview of the reported effects of I. batatas focusing on in vitro and in vivo trials in reducing high glucose levels and regulating the dyslipidemic condition. A comprehensive literature search was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Nature, and PubMed databases to identify the potential articles on particular topics. The search query was accomplished based on the Boolean operators involving keywords such as (1) Beneficial effect OR healing OR intervention AND (2) sweet potato OR Ipomoea batatas OR traditional herb AND (3) blood glucose OR LDL OR lipid OR cholesterol OR dyslipidemia. Only articles published from 2011 onwards were selected for further analysis. This review includes the (1) method of intervention and the outcome (2) signaling mechanism involved (3) underlying mechanism of action, and the possible side effects observed based on the phytoconstiuents isolated. The comprehensive literature search retrieved a total of 2491 articles using the appropriate keywords. However, on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 23 articles were chosen for further review. The results from these articles indicate that I. batatas has proven to be effective in treating the hyperglycemic condition and is able to regulate dyslipidemia. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes the signaling mechanism, mechanism of action, and phytoconstituents responsible for those activities of I. batatas in treating hyperglycemic based on the in vitro and in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.N.); (H.B.)
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.N.); (H.B.)
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
- Halal Product Development Unit, Halal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairi Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Cayli S, Alimogullari E, Piskin I, Bilginoglu A, Nakkas H. Effect of pioglitazone on the expression of ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagic proteins in rat pancreas with metabolic syndrome. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:929-942. [PMID: 34410563 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and pathologies associated with metabolic dysregulations a worldwide growing problem. Our previous study demonstrated that pioglitazone (PGZ) has beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome associated disturbances in the heart. However, mechanism mediating the molecular alterations of Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy has not been investigated in rat pancreas with metabolic syndrome. For this reason, we first aimed to detect whether MetS effects on the expression of UPS (p97/VCP, SVIP, Ubiquitin) and autophagic (p62, LC3) proteins in rat pancreas. The second aim of the study was to find impact of pioglitazone on the expression of UPS and autophagic proteins in MetS rat pancreas. To answer these questions, metabolic syndrome induced rats were used as a model and treated with pioglitazone for 2 weeks. Pancreatic tissue injuries, fibrosis and lipid accumulation were evaluated histopathologically in control, MetS and MetS-PGZ groups. Apoptosis and cell proliferation of pancreatic islet cells were assessed in all groups. UPS and autophagic protein expressions of pancreas in all groups were detected by using immunohistochemistry, double-immunfluorescence and Western blotting. Compared with the controls, the rat fed with high sucrose exhibited signs of metabolic syndrome, such as higher body weight, insulin resistance, higher triglyceride level and hyperglycaemia. MetS rats showed pancreatic tissue degeneration, fibrosis and lipid accumulation when their pancreas were examined with Hematoxilen-eozin and Mallory trichrome staining. Metabolic, histopathologic parameters and cell proliferation showed greater improvement in MetS-PGZ rats and pioglitazone decreased apoptosis of islet cells. Moreover, SVIP, ubiquitin, LC3 and p62 expressions were significantly increased while only p97/VCP expression was significantly decreased in MetS-rat pancreas compared to control. PGZ treatment significantly decreased the MetS-induced increases in autophagy markers. Additionally, UPS and autophagy markers were found to colocalizated with insulin and glucagon. Colocalization ratio of UPS markers with insulin showed significant decrease in MetS rats and PGZ increased this ratio, whereas LC3-insulin colocalization displayed significant increase in MetS rats and PGZ reversed this effect. In conclusion, PGZ improved the pancreatic tissue degeneration by increasing the level of p97/VCP and decreasing autophagic proteins, SVIP and ubiquitin expressions in MetS-rats. Moreover, PGZ has an effect on the colocalization ratio of UPS and autophagy markers with insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Cayli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Alimogullari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Piskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Bilginoglu
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Nakkas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Afolabi O, Alabi B, Omobowale T, Oluranti O, Iwalewa O. Cysteamine mitigates torsion/detorsion-induced reperfusion injury via inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in experimental rat model. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14243. [PMID: 34498746 DOI: 10.1111/and.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are major pathways in pathophysiology of testicular torsion/detorsion (TTDT) reperfusion injury. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role of cysteamine in TTDT-induced injury. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were grouped into four (n = 8): sham, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), cysteamine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for in vivo study. Samples were taken for biomolecular and histological evaluation 48 hr after detorsion. Tissue SOD, GPx, GSH, GST activity, total thiol, H2 O2 and MDA were assessed. Serum levels of NO, MPO, TNF-alpha and IL-6 and sperm motility, count and viability were assessed. Caspase-3 and bax were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Significant difference was set as p < .05. Significant increase in H2 O2, MDA and nitrite but reduction in SOD, GPx, GSH, GST and total thiol in the testicular tissue of IRI rats was reversed by cysteamine. Serum MPO and TNF-α were significantly elevated in RI, while treated-RI rats showed decrease (p < .05) in tissue level of the inflammation markers. Reduced sperm motility in RI was significantly reversed by cysteamine. Increased tissue expression of bax and caspase-3 was reversed by cysteamine. Cysteamine protected the testis against reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects and inhibition of apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladele Afolabi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olugbenga Iwalewa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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15
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Sasikumar R, Jyoti Das A, Chandra Deka S. In vitro cytoprotective activity of cyanidin 3-glucoside extracts from Haematocarpus validus pomace on streptozotocin induced oxidative damage in pancreatic β-cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5338-5348. [PMID: 34466113 PMCID: PMC8381084 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3Ghv) compounds were purified and isolated from the anthocyanins extract of Haematocarpus validus. C3Ghv were studied for antioxidant and cytoprotective properties on pancreatic β-cells of rat insulinoma cells (RINm5F) against the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The exposure of RINm5F cells to C3Ghv at concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL for 24 h reduced 10% and 23% cell viability, respectively, as compared to control cells. The pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with C3Ghv (50 µg/mL) increased the cell viability by 29% as compared to control, on being treated with STZ (10 mM) for 24 h. The pre-treatment of RINm5F cells with C3Ghv (50 µg/mL) for 24 h followed by exposure to STZ (10 mM) for 1 h decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 57%, generation of nitric oxide by 22.8%, generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 32%, the production of p-ERK ½ by 83%, p-JNK by 82.6%, p-MEK by 57%, and p-p38 MAPK by 64%. The C3Ghv treatment also decreased the ratio of apoptotic proteins Bax to Bcl-2 by 61%, and improved the M2 phase of cell cycle by 75% as compared to STZ treated cells. The overall results suggest that C3Ghv protects pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, thereby implicating the significant role of C3Ghv as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Sasikumar
- Department of Agribusiness Management and Food Technology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Tura Campus, West Garo Hills, Tura 794002, Meghalaya, India
| | - Arub Jyoti Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Sankar Chandra Deka
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
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16
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Chemical systems biology reveals mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:307-316. [PMID: 33510451 PMCID: PMC8783757 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids display remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, but their use is limited by on-target adverse effects including insulin resistance and skeletal muscle atrophy. We used a chemical systems biology approach, ligand class analysis, to examine ligands designed to modulate glucocorticoid receptor activity through distinct structural mechanisms. These ligands displayed diverse activity profiles, providing the variance required to identify target genes and coregulator interactions that were highly predictive of their effects on myocyte glucose disposal and protein balance. Their anti-inflammatory effects were linked to glucose disposal but not muscle atrophy. This approach also predicted selective modulation in vivo, identifying compounds that were muscle-sparing or anabolic for protein balance and mitochondrial potential. Ligand class analysis defined the mechanistic links between the ligand-receptor interface and ligand-driven physiological outcomes, a general approach that can be applied to any ligand-regulated allosteric signaling system.
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17
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Hu Q, Che G, Yang Y, Xie H, Tian J. Histone Deacetylase 3 Aggravates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting Lymphocyte Apoptosis Through the microRNA-296-5p/Bcl-xl Axis. Front Genet 2020; 11:536854. [PMID: 33240312 PMCID: PMC7667129 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.536854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in T1DM pathogenesis. Although histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been reported to be involved in T1DM, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the potential regulatory role of Hdac3 on T1DM progression. The expression of miR-296-5p and B-cell leukemia-XL (BCL-XL) was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with T1DM, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and cycloheximide (CHX)-induced cell model, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model. The binding affinity between miR-296-5p and Bcl-xl was verified by using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and the binding between Hdac3 and the promoter region of miR-296-5p was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were conducted to assess the apoptotic events of lymphocytes. miR-296-5p expression was downregulated while BCL-XL expression was upregulated in PBMCs of patients with T1DM. An adverse correlation was identified between miR-296-5p and Bcl-xl in mouse TE15 B lymphocytes. Bcl-xl was further validated to be targeted and negatively regulated by miR-296-5p in 293 T cells. Hdac3 inhibited miR-296-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. The effects of overexpressed Hdac3 on lymphocyte apoptosis was counterweighed via downregulation of Bcl-xl or upregulation of miR-296-5p, the mechanism of which was further validated in a rat model of DM. Taken together, the Hdac3-mediated upregulation of Bcl-xl via inhibiting miR-296-5p promoter activity enhanced the anti-apoptotic capacity of lymphocytes to accelerate the occurrence of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibo Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghua Che
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongchang Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Conlon IL, Drennen B, Lanning ME, Hughes S, Rothhaas R, Wilder PT, MacKerell AD, Fletcher S. Rationally Designed Polypharmacology: α-Helix Mimetics as Dual Inhibitors of the Oncoproteins Mcl-1 and HDM2. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1691-1698. [PMID: 32583936 PMCID: PMC8477420 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), many of which are dominated by α-helical recognition domains, play key roles in many essential cellular processes, and the dysregulation of these interactions can cause detrimental effects. For instance, aberrant PPIs involving the Bcl-2 protein family can lead to several diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Interactions between Bcl-2 pro-life proteins, such as Mcl-1, and pro-death proteins, such as Bim, regulate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. p53, a tumor-suppressor protein, also has a pivotal role in apoptosis and is negatively regulated by its E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2. Both Mcl-1 and HDM2 are upregulated in numerous cancers, and, interestingly, there is crosstalk between both protein pathways. Recently, synergy has been observed between Mcl-1 and HDM2 inhibitors. Towards the development of new anticancer drugs, we herein describe a polypharmacology approach for the dual inhibition of Mcl-1 and HDM2 by employing three densely functionalized isoxazoles, pyrazoles, and thiazoles as mimetics of key α-helical domains of their partner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivie L Conlon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brandon Drennen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Maryanna E Lanning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Samuel Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Rebecca Rothhaas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Paul T Wilder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Bax and Bak jointly control survival and dampen the early unfolded protein response in pancreatic β-cells under glucolipotoxic stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10986. [PMID: 32620813 PMCID: PMC7335194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ER stress and apoptosis contribute to the loss of pancreatic β-cells under pro-diabetic conditions of glucolipotoxicity. Although activation of canonical intrinsic apoptosis is known to require pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bak, their individual and combined involvement in glucolipotoxic β-cell death are not known. It has also remained an open question if Bax and Bak in β-cells have non-apoptotic roles in mitochondrial function and ER stress signaling, as suggested in other cell types. Using mice with individual or combined β-cell deletion of Bax and Bak, we demonstrated that glucolipotoxic β-cell death in vitro occurs by both non-apoptotic and apoptotic mechanisms, and the apoptosis could be triggered by either Bax or Bak alone. In contrast, they had non-redundant roles in mediating staurosporine-induced apoptosis. We further established that Bax and Bak do not affect normal glucose-stimulated β-cell Ca2+ responses, insulin secretion, or in vivo glucose tolerance. Finally, our experiments revealed that combined deletion of Bax and Bak amplified the unfolded protein response in islets during the early stages of chemical- or glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress. These findings shed new light on roles of the core apoptosis machinery in β-cell survival and stress signals of importance for the pathobiology of diabetes.
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20
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De Marchi U, Fernandez-Martinez S, de la Fuente S, Wiederkehr A, Santo-Domingo J. Mitochondrial ion channels in pancreatic β-cells: Novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:2077-2095. [PMID: 32056196 PMCID: PMC8246559 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta‐cells are central regulators of glucose homeostasis. By tightly coupling nutrient sensing and granule exocytosis, beta‐cells adjust the secretion of insulin to the circulating blood glucose levels. Failure of beta‐cells to augment insulin secretion in insulin‐resistant individuals leads progressively to impaired glucose tolerance, Type 2 diabetes, and diabetes‐related diseases. Mitochondria play a crucial role in β‐cells during nutrient stimulation, linking the metabolism of glucose and other secretagogues to the generation of signals that promote insulin secretion. Mitochondria are double‐membrane organelles containing numerous channels allowing the transport of ions across both membranes. These channels regulate mitochondrial energy production, signalling, and cell death. The mitochondria of β‐cells express ion channels whose physio/pathological role is underappreciated. Here, we describe the mitochondrial ion channels identified in pancreatic β‐cells, we further discuss the possibility of targeting specific β‐cell mitochondrial channels for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, and we finally highlight the evidence from clinical studies. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Cellular metabolism and diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.10/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Fernandez-Martinez
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre de Recherche Clinique, HUG, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Sergio de la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Li M, Wang D, He J, Chen L, Li H. Bcl-X L: A multifunctional anti-apoptotic protein. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104547. [PMID: 31734345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) is one of the anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family that is localized in the mitochondria. Bcl-XL is one of the key regulators of apoptosis that can also regulate other important cellular functions. Bcl-XL is overexpressed in many cancers, and its inhibitors have shown good therapeutic effects. Bcl-XL interacts with Beclin 1, a key factor regulating autophagy. Bcl-XL is essential for the survival of neurons and plays protective roles in neuronal injuries. It can promote the growth of neurons and the correct formation of neural networks, enhance synaptic plasticity, and control neurotoxicity. Bcl-XL can also promote the transport of Ca2+ to mitochondria, increase the production of ATP, and improve metabolic efficiency. In addition, targeting Bcl-XL has shown potential value in autoimmune diseases and aging. In this review, we summarize the functions of Bcl-XL in cancer, autophagy, Ca2+ signaling, neuroprotection, neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity, energy metabolism, immunity, and senescence as revealed by investigations conducted in the past 10 years. Moreover, we list some inhibitors that have been developed based on the functions of Bcl-XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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22
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Stevens M, Oltean S. Modulation of the Apoptosis Gene Bcl-x Function Through Alternative Splicing. Front Genet 2019; 10:804. [PMID: 31552099 PMCID: PMC6743414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a vital role in cell homeostasis during development and disease. Bcl-x, a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is a mitochondrial transmembrane protein that functions to regulate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. An alternative splicing (AS) event in exon 2 of Bcl-x results in two isoforms of Bcl-x with antagonistic effects on cell survival: Bcl-xL (long isoform), which is anti-apoptotic, and Bcl-xS (short isoform), which is pro-apoptotic. Bcl-xL is the most abundant Bcl-x protein and functions to inhibit apoptosis by a number of different mechanisms including inhibition of Bax. In contrast, Bcl-xS can directly bind to and inhibit the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 proteins, resulting in the release of the pro-apoptotic Bak. There are multiple splice factors and signaling pathways that influence the Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS splicing ratio, including serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), transcription factors, and cytokines. Dysregulation of the AS of Bcl-x has been implicated in cancer and diabetes. In cancer, the upregulation of Bcl-xL expression in tumor cells can result in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, dysregulation of Bcl-x AS to promote Bcl-xS expression has been shown to be detrimental to pancreatic β-cells in diabetes, resulting in β-cell apoptosis. Therefore, manipulation of the splice factor, transcription factor, and signaling pathways that modulate this splicing event is fast emerging as a therapeutic avenue in the treatment of cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Stevens
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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23
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Gordaliza‐Alaguero I, Cantó C, Zorzano A. Metabolic implications of organelle-mitochondria communication. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47928. [PMID: 31418169 PMCID: PMC6726909 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular organelles are not static but show dynamism-a property that is likely relevant for their function. In addition, they interact with other organelles in a highly dynamic manner. In this review, we analyze the proteins involved in the interaction between mitochondria and other cellular organelles, especially the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and lysosomes. Recent results indicate that, on one hand, metabolic alterations perturb the interaction between mitochondria and other organelles, and, on the other hand, that deficiency in proteins involved in the tethering between mitochondria and the ER or in specific functions of the interaction leads to metabolic alterations in a variety of tissues. The interaction between organelles is an emerging field that will permit to identify key proteins, to delineate novel modulation pathways, and to elucidate their implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gordaliza‐Alaguero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquimica i Biomedicina MolecularFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos Cantó
- Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS)LausanneSwitzerland
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas AsociadasBarcelonaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquimica i Biomedicina MolecularFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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24
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Wulff-Burchfield E, Dietrich MS, Ridner S, Murphy BA. Late systemic symptoms in head and neck cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:2893-2902. [PMID: 30554277 PMCID: PMC6597600 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroinflammation and central sensitization from cancer and its therapy may result in chronic systemic symptoms (CSS) such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, chronic widespread pain, mood disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and temperature dysregulation. We undertook a cross-sectional study of CSS in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors to determine their frequency, severity, and impact. METHODS HNC patients without evidence of recurrence who were at least 12 months post-treatment completed a one-time battery of self-report measures including the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom survey plus the General Symptom Subscale, the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory, Neurotoxicity Rating Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and a five-item quality of life measure. RESULTS One hundred five patients completed the surveys. Forty-eight point four percent of patients experienced one or more moderate-to-severe systemic symptom. The frequency of individual symptoms was between 20% and 56% with almost half of patients rating symptoms as moderate-to-severe in intensity. Low and high systemic symptom burden populations were identified. Previously undescribed chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms were also found to be frequent and severe. The vigor score on the POMS was low. Body image was not adversely impacted. At least 40% of HNC survivors have diminished quality of life, and up to 15% have a poor quality of life. CONCLUSIONS CSS are common among HNC survivors and are frequently moderate to severe in intensity. Of note, previously underrecognized neuropsychiatric symptoms were endorsed by a significant cohort of patients warranting further study. Quality of life was diminished in a significant cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wulff-Burchfield
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Pkwy, MS 5003, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA.
| | - Mary S Dietrich
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Ave, 571 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 461 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Sheila Ridner
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 461 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Barbara A Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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25
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IPP-1 controls Akt/CREB phosphorylation extension in A 2a adenosine receptor signaling cascade in MIN6 pancreatic β-cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:88-96. [PMID: 30772395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through A2a adenosine receptor specifically prevent pancreatic β-cells (PBCs) loses under diabetogenic conditions. However, signaling mediators of this receptor in PBCs remained unidentified. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of PKA/Akt/IPP-1/CREB pathway in MIN6 β-cells. In addition, we investigated IPP-1 role in A2a receptor signaling pathway. The expression of A2a receptor in MIN6 cell line was evaluated by RT-PCR and its functionality confirmed by quantification of cAMP in response to the CGS 21680, an A2a receptor agonist. MTT and Brdu assays were used to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, respectively. PKA activity and insulin release were evaluated using ELISA methods. P-Akt/Akt, p-IPP-1/IPP-1, and p-CREB/CREB levels were assessed using western blotting. IPP-1 knock down assessments was performed using specific siRNA. Our result revealed that MIN6 cells express A2a receptor which actively increased cAMP levels (with EC50 = 2.41 µM) and PKA activity. Activation of this receptor increased cell viability, proliferation and insulin release. Moreover, we mentioned A2a receptor stimulation increased p-Akt, p-IPP-1, and p-CREB levels in dose (max at 10 µM of CGS 21680) and time (max at 30 min after CGS 21680 treatment) dependent manner. Interestingly, herein, we found in IPP-1 knocked down cells, A2a receptor failed to activate Akt and CREB. Altogether, we mentioned that in MIN6 cells A2a receptor increase cell viability, proliferation and insulin release through PKA/Akt/IPP-1/CREB signaling pathway. In addition, we conclude A2a receptor signaling through this pathway is dependent to activation of IPP-1.
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26
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Leslie KA, Russell MA, Taniguchi K, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG. The transcription factor STAT6 plays a critical role in promoting beta cell viability and is depleted in islets of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:87-98. [PMID: 30338340 PMCID: PMC6290857 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In type 1 diabetes, selective beta cell loss occurs within the inflamed milieu of insulitic islets. This milieu is generated via the enhanced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and by the loss of anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-4 and IL-13. While the actions of proinflammatory cytokines have been well-studied in beta cells, the effects of their anti-inflammatory counterparts have received relatively little attention and we have addressed this. METHODS Clonal beta cells, isolated human islets and pancreas sections from control individuals and those with type 1 diabetes were employed. Gene expression was measured using targeted gene arrays and by quantitative RT-PCR. Protein expression was monitored in cell extracts by western blotting and in tissue sections by immunocytochemistry. Target proteins were knocked down selectively with interference RNA. RESULTS Cytoprotection achieved with IL-4 and IL-13 is mediated by the early activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in beta cells, leading to the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, including myeloid leukaemia-1 (MCL-1) and B cell lymphoma-extra large (BCLXL). We also report the induction of signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPα), and find that knockdown of SIRPα is associated with reduced beta cell viability. These anti-apoptotic proteins and their attendant cytoprotective effects are lost following siRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT6 in beta cells. Importantly, analysis of human pancreas sections revealed that STAT6 is markedly depleted in the beta cells of individuals with type 1 diabetes, implying the loss of cytoprotective responses. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Selective loss of STAT6 may contribute to beta cell demise during the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyven A Leslie
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Mark A Russell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Kazuto Taniguchi
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building (Level 4), Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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27
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Liposomes encapsulated dimethyl curcumin regulates dipeptidyl peptidase I activity, gelatinase release and cell cycle of spleen lymphocytes in-vivo to attenuate collagen induced arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:511-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Miani M, Elvira B, Gurzov EN. Sweet Killing in Obesity and Diabetes: The Metabolic Role of the BH3-only Protein BIM. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3041-3050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Gorrepati KDD, Lupse B, Annamalai K, Yuan T, Maedler K, Ardestani A. Loss of Deubiquitinase USP1 Blocks Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting DNA Damage Response. iScience 2018; 1:72-86. [PMID: 30227958 PMCID: PMC6135944 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired pancreatic β-cell survival contributes to the reduced β-cell mass in diabetes, but underlying regulatory mechanisms and key players in this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) as an important player in the regulation of β-cell apoptosis under diabetic conditions. Genetic silencing and pharmacological suppression of USP1 blocked β-cell death in several experimental models of diabetes in vitro and ex vivo without compromising insulin content and secretion and without impairing β-cell maturation/identity genes in human islets. Our further analyses showed that USP1 inhibition attenuated DNA damage response (DDR) signals, which were highly elevated in diabetic β-cells, suggesting a USP1-dependent regulation of DDR in stressed β-cells. Our findings highlight a novel function of USP1 in the control of β-cell survival, and its inhibition may have a potential therapeutic relevance for the suppression of β-cell death in diabetes. Genetic and chemical inhibition of USP1 promoted β-cell survival USP1 inhibitors blocked β-cell death in human islets without affecting β-cell function USP1 inhibition reduced DDR signals in stressed β-cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaka Durga Devi Gorrepati
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Blaz Lupse
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Karthika Annamalai
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Islet Biology Laboratory, University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Leobener Straße NW2, Room B2080, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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30
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Wong CK, Wade-Vallance AK, Luciani DS, Brindle PK, Lynn FC, Gibson WT. The p300 and CBP Transcriptional Coactivators Are Required for β-Cell and α-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2018; 67:412-422. [PMID: 29217654 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
p300 (EP300) and CBP (CREBBP) are transcriptional coactivators with histone acetyltransferase activity. Various β-cell transcription factors can recruit p300/CBP, and thus the coactivators could be important for β-cell function and health in vivo. We hypothesized that p300/CBP contribute to the development and proper function of pancreatic islets. To test this, we bred and studied mice lacking p300/CBP in their islets. Mice lacking either p300 or CBP in islets developed glucose intolerance attributable to impaired insulin secretion, together with reduced α- and β-cell area and islet insulin content. These phenotypes were exacerbated in mice with only a single copy of p300 or CBP expressed in islets. Removing p300 in pancreatic endocrine progenitors impaired proliferation of neonatal α- and β-cells. Mice lacking all four copies of p300/CBP in pancreatic endocrine progenitors failed to establish α- and β-cell mass postnatally. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant overlaps between p300/CBP-downregulated genes and genes downregulated in Hnf1α-null islets and Nkx2.2-null islets, among others. Furthermore, p300/CBP are important for the acetylation of H3K27 at loci downregulated in Hnf1α-null islets. We conclude that p300 and CBP are limiting cofactors for islet development, and hence for postnatal glucose homeostasis, with some functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Dan S Luciani
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Francis C Lynn
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Litwak SA, Pang L, Galic S, Igoillo-Esteve M, Stanley WJ, Turatsinze JV, Loh K, Thomas HE, Sharma A, Trepo E, Moreno C, Gough DJ, Eizirik DL, de Haan JB, Gurzov EN. JNK Activation of BIM Promotes Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. Diabetes 2017; 66:2973-2986. [PMID: 28928277 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The members of the BCL-2 family are crucial regulators of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in normal physiology and disease. Besides their role in cell death, BCL-2 proteins have been implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular metabolism. It remains unclear, however, whether these proteins have a physiological role in glucose homeostasis and metabolism in vivo. In this study, we report that fat accumulation in the liver increases c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression in hepatocytes. To determine the consequences of hepatic BIM deficiency in diet-induced obesity, we generated liver-specific BIM-knockout (BLKO) mice. BLKO mice had lower hepatic lipid content, increased insulin signaling, and improved global glucose metabolism. Consistent with these findings, lipogenic and lipid uptake genes were downregulated and lipid oxidation enhanced in obese BLKO mice. Mechanistically, BIM deficiency improved mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress and oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases, and ameliorated activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1/CD36 in hepatocytes from high fat-fed mice. Importantly, short-term knockdown of BIM rescued obese mice from insulin resistance, evidenced by reduced fat accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity. Our data indicate that BIM is an important regulator of liver dysfunction in obesity and a novel therapeutic target for restoring hepatocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Litwak
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lokman Pang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - William J Stanley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Trepo
- Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Coronel MM, Geusz R, Stabler CL. Mitigating hypoxic stress on pancreatic islets via in situ oxygen generating biomaterial. Biomaterials 2017; 129:139-151. [PMID: 28342320 PMCID: PMC5497707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in the survival and efficacy of tissue engineered transplants is inadequate oxygenation, whereby unsupportive oxygen tensions result in significant cellular dysfunction and death within the implant. In a previous report, we developed an innovative oxygen generating biomaterial, termed OxySite, to provide supportive in situ oxygenation to cells and prevent hypoxia-induced damage. Herein, we explored the capacity of this biomaterial to mitigate hypoxic stress in both rat and nonhuman primate pancreatic islets by decreasing cell death, supporting metabolic activity, sustaining aerobic metabolism, preserving glucose responsiveness, and decreasing the generation of inflammatory cytokines. Further, the impact of supplemental oxygenation on in vivo cell function was explored by the transplantation of islets previously co-cultured with OxySite into a diabetic rat model. Transplant outcomes revealed significant improvement in graft efficacy for OxySite-treated islets, when transplanted within an extrahepatic site. These results demonstrate the potency of the OxySite material to mitigate activation of detrimental hypoxia-induced pathways in islets during culture and highlights the importance of in situ oxygenation on resulting islet transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Coronel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Geusz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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33
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Sims EK, Lakhter AJ, Anderson-Baucum E, Kono T, Tong X, Evans-Molina C. MicroRNA 21 targets BCL2 mRNA to increase apoptosis in rat and human beta cells. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1057-1065. [PMID: 28280903 PMCID: PMC5425307 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of beta cell microRNA (miR)-21 in the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes has been controversial. Here, we sought to define the context of beta cell miR-21 upregulation in type 1 diabetes and the phenotype of beta cell miR-21 overexpression through target identification. METHODS Islets were isolated from NOD mice and mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, as a mouse model of diabetes. INS-1 832/13 beta cells and human islets were treated with IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α to mimic the milieu of early type 1 diabetes. Cells and islets were transfected with miR-21 mimics or inhibitors. Luciferase assays and polyribosomal profiling (PRP) were performed to define miR-21-target interactions. RESULTS Beta cell miR-21 was increased in in vivo models of type 1 diabetes and cytokine-treated cells/islets. miR-21 overexpression decreased cell count and viability, and increased cleaved caspase 3 levels, suggesting increased cell death. In silico prediction tools identified the antiapoptotic mRNA BCL2 as a conserved miR-21 target. Consistent with this, miR-21 overexpression decreased BCL2 transcript and B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein production, while miR-21 inhibition increased BCL2 protein levels and reduced cleaved caspase 3 levels after cytokine treatment. miR-21-mediated cell death was abrogated in 828/33 cells, which constitutively overexpress Bcl2. Luciferase assays suggested a direct interaction between miR-21 and the BCL2 3' untranslated region. With miR-21 overexpression, PRP revealed a shift of the Bcl2 message towards monosome-associated fractions, indicating inhibition of Bcl2 translation. Finally, overexpression in dispersed human islets confirmed a reduction in BCL2 transcripts and increased cleaved caspase 3 production. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In contrast to the pro-survival role reported in other systems, our results demonstrate that miR-21 increases beta cell death via BCL2 transcript degradation and inhibition of BCL2 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Sims
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Alexander J Lakhter
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily Anderson-Baucum
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS2031, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Sethi I, Bhat GR, Singh V, Kumar R, Bhanwer AJS, Bamezai RNK, Sharma S, Rai E. Role of telomeres and associated maintenance genes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 122:92-100. [PMID: 27816684 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a multifactorial complex disorder, is emerging as a major cause of morbidity, mortality and socio-economic burden across the world. Despite huge efforts in understanding genetics of T2DM, only ∼10% of the genetic factors have been identified so far. Telomere attrition, a natural phenomenon has recently emerged in understanding the pathophysiology of T2DM. It has been indicated that Telomeres and associated pathways might be the critical components in the disease etiology, though the mechanism(s) involved are not clear. Recent Genome Wide (GWAS) and Candidate Gene Case-Control Association Studies have also indicated an association of Telomere and associated pathways related genes with T2DM. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the telomere maintenance genes: TERT, TERC, TNKS, CSNK2A2, TEP1, ACD, TRF1 and TRF2, have shown strong association with telomere attrition in T2DM and its pathophysiology, in these studies. However, the assessment has been made within limited ethnicities (Caucasians, Han Chinese cohort and Punjabi Sikhs from South Asia), warranting the study of such associations in different ethnic groups. Here, we propose the possible mechanisms, in the light of existing knowledge, to understand the association of T2DM with telomeres and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itty Sethi
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - G R Bhat
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - Vinod Singh
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India
| | - A J S Bhanwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rameshwar N K Bamezai
- National Centre of Applied Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swarkar Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India.
| | - Ekta Rai
- Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, J&K 182320, India.
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Walford GA, Gustafsson S, Rybin D, Stančáková A, Chen H, Liu CT, Hong J, Jensen RA, Rice K, Morris AP, Mägi R, Tönjes A, Prokopenko I, Kleber ME, Delgado G, Silbernagel G, Jackson AU, Appel EV, Grarup N, Lewis JP, Montasser ME, Landenvall C, Staiger H, Luan J, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Xie W, Morcillo S, Martínez-Larrad MT, Biggs ML, Chen YDI, Corbaton-Anchuelo A, Færch K, Gómez-Zumaquero JM, Goodarzi MO, Kizer JR, Koistinen HA, Leong A, Lind L, Lindgren C, Machicao F, Manning AK, Martín-Núñez GM, Rojo-Martínez G, Rotter JI, Siscovick DS, Zmuda JM, Zhang Z, Serrano-Rios M, Smith U, Soriguer F, Hansen T, Jørgensen TJ, Linnenberg A, Pedersen O, Walker M, Langenberg C, Scott RA, Wareham NJ, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Stefan N, Groop L, O'Connell JR, Boehnke M, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Tuomilehto J, März W, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Psaty BM, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Meigs JB, Dupuis J, Ingelsson E, Florez JC. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index Identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as Novel Insulin Sensitivity Loci. Diabetes 2016; 65:3200-11. [PMID: 27416945 PMCID: PMC5033262 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10(-11)), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10(-8)), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10(-8)). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Walford
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Denis Rybin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alena Stančáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jaeyoung Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ken Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Emil V Appel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Claes Landenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | - Weijia Xie
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Larrad
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Arturo Corbaton-Anchuelo
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Gómez-Zumaquero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain Sequencing and Genotyping Platform, Hospital Carlos Haya de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Fausto Machicao
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Gracia María Martín-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospitales Regional Universitario y Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Manuel Serrano-Rios
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben J Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linnenberg
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Francis S Collins
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Winfried März
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA Group Health Cooperation, Seattle, WA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Aharoni-Simon M, Shumiatcher R, Yeung A, Shih AZL, Dolinsky VW, Doucette CA, Luciani DS. Bcl-2 Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling and a Redox-Sensitive Mitochondrial Proton Leak in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2270-81. [PMID: 27070098 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In pancreatic β-cells, controlling the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical to counter oxidative stress, dysfunction and death under nutrient excess. Moreover, the fine-tuning of ROS and redox balance is important in the regulation of normal β-cell physiology. We recently demonstrated that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, in addition to promoting survival, suppress β-cell glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the nonapoptotic roles of endogenous Bcl-2 extend to the regulation of β-cell ROS and redox balance. We exposed mouse islet cells and MIN6 cells to the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL antagonist Compound 6 and the Bcl-2-specific antagonist ABT-199 and evaluated ROS levels, Ca(2+) responses, respiratory control, superoxide dismutase activity and cell death. Both acute glucose stimulation and the inhibition of endogenous Bcl-2 progressively increased peroxides and stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in mouse islets. Importantly, conditional β-cell knockout of Bcl-2 amplified glucose-induced formation of peroxides. Bcl-2 antagonism also induced a mitochondrial proton leak that was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and, therefore, secondary to redox changes. We further established that the proton leak was independent of uncoupling protein 2 but partly mediated by the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Acutely, inhibitor-induced peroxides promoted Ca(2+) influx, whereas under prolonged Bcl inhibition, the elevated ROS was required for induction of β-cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our data reveal that endogenous Bcl-2 modulates moment-to-moment ROS signaling and suppresses a redox-regulated mitochondrial proton leak in β-cells. These noncanonical roles of Bcl-2 may be important for β-cell function and survival under conditions of high metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aharoni-Simon
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Rose Shumiatcher
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Anthony Yeung
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Alexis Z L Shih
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Department of Surgery (M.A.-S., R.S., A.Y., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L.), Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (V.W.D.) and Department of Physiology (C.A.D.), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
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Tomita T. Apoptosis in pancreatic β-islet cells in Type 2 diabetes. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:162-79. [PMID: 27209071 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays important roles in the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The etiology of T2DM is multifactorial, including obesity-associated insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion, and loss of β-cell mass through β-cell apoptosis. β-cell apoptosis is mediated through a milliard of caspase family cascade machinery in T2DM. The glucose-induced insulin secretion is the principle pathophysiology of diabetes and insufficient insulin secretion results in chronic hyperglycemia, diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced β-cell apoptosis has been extensively studied on the balance of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bad, Bid, Bik, and Bax) and anti-apoptotic Bcl family (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) toward apoptosis in vitro isolated islets and insulinoma cell culture. Apoptosis can only occur when the concentration of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 exceeds that of anti-apoptotic proteins at the mitochondrial membrane of the intrinsic pathway. A bulk of recent research on hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis on β-cells unveiled complex details on glucose toxicity on β-cells in molecular levels coupled with cell membrane potential by adenosine triphosphate generation through K+ channel closure, opening Ca2+ channel and plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, animal models using knockout mice will shed light on the basic understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes as a glucose metabolic disease complex, on the balance of anti-apoptotic Bcl family and pro-apoptotic genes. The cumulative knowledge will provide a better understanding of glucose metabolism at a molecular level and will lead to eventual prevention and therapeutic application for T2DM with improving medications.
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Wills QF, Boothe T, Asadi A, Ao Z, Warnock GL, Kieffer TJ, Johnson JD. Statistical approaches and software for clustering islet cell functional heterogeneity. Islets 2016; 8:48-56. [PMID: 26909740 PMCID: PMC4878268 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2016.1150664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide efforts are underway to replace or repair lost or dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells to cure diabetes. However, it is unclear what the final product of these efforts should be, as β-cells are thought to be heterogeneous. To enable the analysis of β-cell heterogeneity in an unbiased and quantitative way, we developed model-free and model-based statistical clustering approaches, and created new software called TraceCluster. Using an example data set, we illustrate the utility of these approaches by clustering dynamic intracellular Ca(2+) responses to high glucose in ∼300 simultaneously imaged single islet cells. Using feature extraction from the Ca(2+) traces on this reference data set, we identified 2 distinct populations of cells with β-like responses to glucose. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first unbiased cluster-based analysis of human β-cell functional heterogeneity of simultaneous recordings. We hope that the approaches and tools described here will be helpful for those studying heterogeneity in primary islet cells, as well as excitable cells derived from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin F Wills
- a Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
- b Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Boothe
- c Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences , Life Sciences Center, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Ali Asadi
- c Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences , Life Sciences Center, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Ziliang Ao
- d Department of Surgery , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Garth L Warnock
- d Department of Surgery , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- c Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences , Life Sciences Center, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
- d Department of Surgery , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- c Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences , Life Sciences Center, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
- d Department of Surgery , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
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39
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Villa E, Ricci JE. How does metabolism affect cell death in cancer? FEBS J 2015; 283:2653-60. [PMID: 26498911 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In cancer research, identifying a specificity of tumor cells compared with 'normal' proliferating cells for targeted therapy is often considered the Holy Grail for researchers and clinicians. Although diverse in origin, most cancer cells share characteristics including the ability to escape cell death mechanisms and the utilization of different methods of energy production. In the current paradigm, aerobic glycolysis is considered the central metabolic characteristic of cancer cells (Warburg effect). However, recent data indicate that cancer cells also show significant changes in other metabolic pathways. Indeed, it was recently suggested that Kreb's cycle, pentose phosphate pathway intermediates, and essential and nonessential amino acids have key roles. Renewed interest in the fact that cancer cells have to reprogram their metabolism in order to proliferate or resist treatment must take into consideration the ability of tumor cells to adapt their metabolism to the local microenvironment (low oxygen, low nutrients). This variety of metabolic sources might be either a strength, resulting in infinite possibilities for adaptation and increased ability to resist chemotherapy-induced death, or a weakness that could be targeted to kill cancer cells. Here, we discuss recent insights showing how energetic metabolism may regulate cell death and how this might be relevant for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Villa
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe 'contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires', Nice, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Inserm, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe 'contrôle métabolique des morts cellulaires', Nice, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France.,Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
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40
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Pfeiffer S, Prehn JHM. The esoteric roles of Bcl-2 family proteins in glucose homeostasis and cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1968. [PMID: 26539915 PMCID: PMC4670927 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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BH3-Only protein bmf is required for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in an in vivo model of HNF1α-MODY diabetes. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15041. [PMID: 27551471 PMCID: PMC4979461 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF-1α) gene can lead to diminished amounts of functional HNF-1α, resulting in the onset of a particularly severe form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). We have previously shown that induction of a dominant-negative mutant of HNF-1α (DNHNF-1α) results in the activation of the bioenergetic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), preceding the onset of apoptosis and the induction of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain-3-only protein Bmf (Bcl-2-modifying factor) as a mediator of DNHNF-1α-induced apoptosis. Through the knockout of bmf in a transgenic mouse model with DNHNF-1α suppression of HNF-1α function in pancreatic beta-cells, this study aimed to examine the effect of loss-of-function of this BH3-only protein on the disease pathology and progression, and further elucidate the role of Bmf in mediating DNHNF-1α-induced beta-cell loss. Morphological analysis revealed an attenuation in beta-cell loss in bmf-deficient diabetic male mice and preserved insulin content. Surprisingly, bmf deficiency was found to exacerbate hyperglycemia in both diabetic male and hyperglycemic female mice, and ultimately resulted in a decreased glucose-stimulated insulin response, implicating a role for Bmf in glucose homeostasis regulation independent of an effect on beta-cell loss. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Bmf contributes to the decline in beta-cells in a mouse model of HNF1A-MODY but is also required for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in vivo.
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42
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Tennant BR, Chen J, Shih AZL, Luciani DS, Hoffman BG. Myt3 Mediates Laminin-V/Integrin-β1-Induced Islet-Cell Migration via Tgfbi. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1254-68. [PMID: 26177052 PMCID: PMC5414683 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myt3 is a prosurvival factor in pancreatic islets; however, its role in islet-cell development is not known. Here, we demonstrate that myelin transcription factor 3 (Myt3) is expressed in migrating islet cells in the developing and neonatal pancreas and thus sought to determine whether Myt3 plays a role in this process. Using an ex vivo model of islet-cell migration, we demonstrate that Myt3 suppression significantly inhibits laminin-V/integrin-β1-dependent α- and β-cell migration onto 804G, and impaired 804G-induced F-actin and E-cadherin redistribution. Exposure of islets to proinflammatory cytokines, which suppress Myt3 expression, had a similar effect, whereas Myt3 overexpression partially rescued the migratory ability of the islet cells. We show that loss of islet-cell migration, due to Myt3 suppression or cytokine exposure, is independent of effects on islet-cell survival or proliferation. Myt3 suppression also had no effect on glucose-induced calcium influx, F-actin remodeling or insulin secretion by β-cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of transduced islets showed that Myt3 suppression results in the up-regulation of Tgfbi, a secreted diabetogenic factor thought to impair cellular adhesion. Exposure of islets to exogenous transforming growth factor β-induced (Tgfbi) impaired islet-cell migration similar to Myt3 suppression. Taken together, these data suggest a model by which cytokine-induced Myt3 suppression leads to Tgfbi de-repression and subsequently to impaired islet-cell migration, revealing a novel role for Myt3 in regulating islet-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Tennant
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Jenny Chen
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Alexis Z L Shih
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Dan S Luciani
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
| | - Brad G Hoffman
- Child and Family Research Institute (B.R.T., J.C., A.Z.L.S., D.S.L., B.G.H.), British Columbia Children's Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4; and Department of Surgery (D.S.L., B.G.H.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E3
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43
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Tattikota SG, Rathjen T, Hausser J, Khedkar A, Kabra UD, Pandey V, Sury M, Wessels HH, Mollet IG, Eliasson L, Selbach M, Zinzen RP, Zavolan M, Kadener S, Tschöp MH, Jastroch M, Friedländer MR, Poy MN. miR-184 Regulates Pancreatic β-Cell Function According to Glucose Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20284-94. [PMID: 26152724 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to fasting or hyperglycemia, the pancreatic β-cell alters its output of secreted insulin; however, the pathways governing this adaptive response are not entirely established. Although the precise role of microRNAs (miRNAs) is also unclear, a recurring theme emphasizes their function in cellular stress responses. We recently showed that miR-184, an abundant miRNA in the β-cell, regulates compensatory proliferation and secretion during insulin resistance. Consistent with previous studies showing miR-184 suppresses insulin release, expression of this miRNA was increased in islets after fasting, demonstrating an active role in the β-cell as glucose levels lower and the insulin demand ceases. Additionally, miR-184 was negatively regulated upon the administration of a sucrose-rich diet in Drosophila, demonstrating strong conservation of this pathway through evolution. Furthermore, miR-184 and its target Argonaute2 remained inversely correlated as concentrations of extracellular glucose increased, underlining a functional relationship between this miRNA and its targets. Lastly, restoration of Argonaute2 in the presence of miR-184 rescued suppression of miR-375-targeted genes, suggesting these genes act in a coordinated manner during changes in the metabolic context. Together, these results highlight the adaptive role of miR-184 according to glucose metabolism and suggest the regulatory role of this miRNA in energy homeostasis is highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir G Tattikota
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rathjen
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean Hausser
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Khedkar
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uma D Kabra
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Varun Pandey
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthias Sury
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Inês G Mollet
- Islet cell exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502 Malmö, Sweden, and
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet cell exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502 Malmö, Sweden, and
| | - Matthias Selbach
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert P Zinzen
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- Biological Chemistry Department, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre for Health and Environment and Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technical University Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc R Friedländer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 17121 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew N Poy
- From the Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany,
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44
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Wali JA, Thomas HE. Pancreatic Alpha Cells Hold the Key to Survival. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:368-9. [PMID: 26137578 PMCID: PMC4486193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A Wali
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
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45
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Ljubicic S, Polak K, Fu A, Wiwczar J, Szlyk B, Chang Y, Alvarez-Perez JC, Bird GH, Walensky LD, Garcia-Ocaña A, Danial NN. Phospho-BAD BH3 mimicry protects β cells and restores functional β cell mass in diabetes. Cell Rep 2015; 10:497-504. [PMID: 25640178 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies that simultaneously enhance the survival and glucose responsiveness of insulin-producing β cells will greatly augment β cell replacement therapies in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We show that genetic and pharmacologic mimetics of the phosphorylated BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain of BAD impart β-cell-autonomous protective effects in the face of stress stimuli relevant to β cell demise in T1D. Importantly, these benefits translate into improved engraftment of donor islets in transplanted diabetic mice, increased β cell viability in islet grafts, restoration of insulin release, and diabetes reversal. Survival of β cells in this setting is not merely due to the inability of phospho-BAD to suppress prosurvival BCL-2 proteins but requires its activation of the glucose-metabolizing enzyme glucokinase. Thus, BAD phospho-BH3 mimetics may prove useful in the restoration of functional β cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Ljubicic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Klaudia Polak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Wiwczar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Szlyk
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yigang Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Juan C Alvarez-Perez
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Beyond their contribution to basic metabolism, the major cellular organelles, in particular mitochondria, can determine whether cells respond to stress in an adaptive or suicidal manner. Thus, mitochondria can continuously adapt their shape to changing bioenergetic demands as they are subjected to quality control by autophagy, or they can undergo a lethal permeabilization process that initiates apoptosis. Along similar lines, multiple proteins involved in metabolic circuitries, including oxidative phosphorylation and transport of metabolites across membranes, may participate in the regulated or catastrophic dismantling of organelles. Many factors that were initially characterized as cell death regulators are now known to physically or functionally interact with metabolic enzymes. Thus, several metabolic cues regulate the propensity of cells to activate self-destructive programs, in part by acting on nutrient sensors. This suggests the existence of "metabolic checkpoints" that dictate cell fate in response to metabolic fluctuations. Here, we discuss recent insights into the intersection between metabolism and cell death regulation that have major implications for the comprehension and manipulation of unwarranted cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; F-75005 Paris, France. INSERM, U1138, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006 Paris, France. Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité; F-75005 Paris, France. INSERM, U1138, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France. Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France.
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47
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Khalifeh S, Oryan S, Digaleh H, Shaerzadeh F, Khodagholi F, Maghsoudi N, Zarrindast MR. Involvement of Nrf2 in development of anxiety-like behavior by linking Bcl2 to oxidative phosphorylation: estimation in rat hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:492-9. [PMID: 25007950 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-related disorders are complex illnesses that underlying molecular mechanisms of these complicated emotional disorders are poorly understood. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the most important regulator of the antioxidant defense system. Its protective actions are not only limited to antioxidative transactivation, but also plays important roles in encountering various physiological and pathological stresses. In this study, we evaluated whether silencing of Nrf2 plays a role in development of anxiety-related behavior. In this regard, we exerted small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Nrf2 in dorsal third ventricle and subsequently examined the effect of this silencing on anxiety-related behavior along with supposed molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated apoptotic markers and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity in three brain regions: hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. Based on our result, Nrf2-silenced rats exhibited greater anxiety-like behavior compared to control group. Furthermore, Nrf2 silencing increased activity of ETC complexes. Also, Bax/Bcl2 ratio of all mentioned areas of the brain and cleavage of caspase-3 in hippocampus increased in Nrf2 silenced group, however, with a distinct pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Khalifeh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi (Tarbiat Moallem) University, Tehran, Iran,
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Rountree AM, Neal AS, Lisowski M, Rizzo N, Radtke J, White S, Luciani DS, Kim F, Hampe CS, Sweet IR. Control of insulin secretion by cytochrome C and calcium signaling in islets with impaired metabolism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19110-9. [PMID: 24841202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the relative control of insulin secretion rate (ISR) by calcium influx and signaling from cytochrome c in islets where, as in diabetes, the metabolic pathways are impaired. This was achieved either by culturing isolated islets at low (3 mm) glucose or by fasting rats prior to the isolation of the islets. Culture in low glucose greatly reduced the glucose response of cytochrome c reduction and translocation and ISR, but did not affect the response to the mitochondrial fuel α-ketoisocaproate. Unexpectedly, glucose-stimulated calcium influx was only slightly reduced in low glucose-cultured islets and was not responsible for the impairment in glucose-stimulated ISR. A glucokinase activator acutely restored cytochrome c reduction and translocation and ISR, independent of effects on calcium influx. Islets from fasted rats had reduced ISR and cytochrome c reduction in response to both glucose and α-ketoisocaproate despite normal responses of calcium. Our data are consistent with the scenario where cytochrome c reduction and translocation are essential signals in the stimulation of ISR, the loss of which can result in impaired ISR even when calcium response is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Rountree
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Adam S Neal
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Mark Lisowski
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Norma Rizzo
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Jared Radtke
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Sarah White
- the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Francis Kim
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Christiane S Hampe
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Ian R Sweet
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
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49
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Rieber M, Strasberg-Rieber M. p53 inactivation decreases dependence on estrogen/ERK signalling for proliferation but promotes EMT and susceptility to 3-bromopyruvate in ERα+ breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:169-77. [PMID: 24486524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most breast cancers express the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα(+)), harbor wt TP53, depend on estrogen/ERK signalling for proliferation, and respond to anti-estrogens. However, concomittant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/MEK pathway promotes resistance by decreasing estrogen dependence. Previously, we showed that retroviral transduction of mutant p53 R175H into wt TP53 ERα(+) MCF-7 cells induces epidermal growth factor (EGF)-independent proliferation, activation of the EGF receptor (p-EGFR) and some characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PURPOSE To investigate whether p53 inactivation augments ERα(+) cell proliferation in response to restrictive estradiol, chemical MEK inhibition or metabolic inhibitors. RESULTS Introduction of mutant p53 R175H lowered expression of p53-dependent PUMA and p21WAF1, decreased E-cadherin and cytokeratin 18 associated with EMT, but increased the % of proliferating ERα(+)/Ki67 cells, diminishing estrogen dependence. These cells also exhibited higher proliferation in the presence of MEK-inhibitor UO126, reciprocally correlating with preferential susceptibility to the pyruvate analog 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) without a comparable response to 2-deoxyglucose. p53 siRNA silencing by electroporation in wt TP53 MCF-7 cells also decreased estrogen dependence and response to MEK inhibition, while also conferring susceptibility to 3-BrPA. CONCLUSIONS (a) ERα(+) breast cancer cells dysfunctional for TP53 which proliferate irrespective of low estrogen and chemical MEK inhibition are likely to increase metabolic consumption becoming increasingly susceptible to 3-BrPA; (b) targeting the pyruvate pathway may improve response to endocrine therapy in ERα(+) breast cancer with p53 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rieber
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Microbiology & Cell Biology Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020 A, Venezuela.
| | - Mary Strasberg-Rieber
- IVIC, Tumor Cell Biology Laboratory, Center for Microbiology & Cell Biology Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020 A, Venezuela.
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50
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Abstract
In vivo gene manipulation is a cornerstone approach in modern physiology. Cre-Lox technology has been extensively used to delete genes and activate reporters in pancreatic β-cells, bringing new insight into the pathophysiology of diabetes. In all cases, it is important to understand the expression domain of the specific reporter-Cre combination in order to correctly interpret the data. In the case of targeted genes with significant expression and function in the brain, the use of Ins2 promoter driven Cre, commonly known as RIP-Cre, has been shown to confound data interpretation when appropriate controls are not present. The recent article from the Philipson group in Islets provides an important characterization of a new Cre-deleter model, referred to as MIP1-CreER, which employs the mouse Ins1 promoter. This Ins1 promoter, recapitulating the expression pattern of the endogenous Ins1 gene, does not drive significant transgene expression in the brain and therefore is highly specific for deleting genes or turning on reporters in the pancreatic β-cell. This model promises to be widely used in the field of islet biology. Here, I review recent developments in the area of in vivo gene modification and predict areas where such tools will be refined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences; University
of British Columbia; Life Sciences Centre; Vancouver, BC
Canada
- Correspondence to: James D Johnson;
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