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Xiao GL, Wang T, Kuang J, Mai WL, Liu H, Ma SP, Sohouli MH, Fatahi S, Li C, Zou S. The effect of ketogenic diet on adipokines levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02362-6. [PMID: 39302468 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the impact of adipokines on metabolic syndrome-related disorders and even chronic illnesses, it would appear vital to look for efficient treatments for these variables. The goal of this study was to thoroughly examine how the ketogenic diet (KD) affects adipokines. METHODS Using standard keywords, the databases Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase were searched to find all controlled trials looking into how KD affected adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin). By using a random-effects model analysis, pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were obtained. RESULTS This article featured twenty-two studies. The combined results demonstrated that, as compared to the control group, leptin levels in all populations are significantly lower when KD is adhered to (WMD: - 0.14 ng/ml, 95% CI: - 8.66, - 3.61, P < 0.001). On the other hand, no discernible impact of this diet on ghrelin and adiponectin concentrations was noted. The subgroup analysis results demonstrated that the drop in leptin levels was considerably higher in persons with BMI > 30 kg/m2 and in trials that followed the KD for ≤ 8 weeks than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Generally speaking, this diet can be utilized as a potentially helpful supplementary therapy to improve this adipokine, given the significance that leptin plays on numerous metabolic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Lian Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Function Center, School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University Zhongshan Campus, No.319 Section 3, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiong Kuang
- Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Li Mai
- Department of Physiology, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Function Center, School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ping Ma
- Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chengwen Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University,LuZhou,Sichuan, No. 1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Shufang Zou
- Nursing Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Beicheng Street, Jiangyang, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Bhatnagar R, Hingway S, Bawiskar D. The Efficacy of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Young-Onset Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e67562. [PMID: 39310638 PMCID: PMC11416717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth is invading the communities because, if not controlled on time, the long-term complications include cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy that cause immense mortality and morbidity. Lifestyle changes and antidiabetic drugs are considered the foundation of T2DM therapy. However, these adjustments usually do not effectively produce long-term glycemic regulation, especially in patients with obesity of the third and fourth degrees. Bariatric surgery has also been identified as an efficacious intervention for obesity and obesity-related complications such as T2DM. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has proven to be one of the most effective procedures in causing considerable weight loss and enhancing glycemic changes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of RYGB in patients with young-onset T2DM regarding the improvement of glycemic control, weight loss, and diabetes comorbidities. RYGB has been established as a practice in the treatment of T2DM and severe obesity. This narrative review underscores the various effects of RYGB, such as enhanced glycemic control, considerable and long-term weight loss, and reduced cardiovascular disease risks. However, the review also points toward the directions and the adverse effects of RYGB regarding metabolic and skeletal health. There are risks of nutritional deficiencies, increased fracture rates, and even relapse to diabetes, which make patient selection, proper pre and postoperative investigation, and critical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Bhatnagar
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Snehlata Hingway
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Dushyant Bawiskar
- Sports Medicine, Abhinav Bindra Targeting Performance, Bengaluru, IND
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Carrera-Bastos P, Fontes-Villalba M, Ahrén B, Lindblad U, Råstam L, Frostegård J, Åkerfeldt T, Granfeldt Y, Sundquist K, Jönsson T. Total adiponectin in indigenous Melanesians on Kitava. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24134. [PMID: 38989782 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Experimental and small human studies have indicated that high total adiponectin levels have beneficial cardiometabolic effects. In contrast, however, high total adiponectin levels are also associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in thoroughly adjusted epidemiological studies. To gain further insight into these seemingly contradictory results, we report results on total adiponectin from the indigenous Melanesian population of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, where an apparent absence of cardiometabolic disease has been previously reported. METHODS Fasting levels of serum total adiponectin were measured cross-sectionally in ≥40-year-old Kitavans (n = 102) and Swedish controls matched for age and sex (n = 108). Multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis of associations with total adiponectin when controlled for group, sex, smoking, hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, age, and body mass index. RESULTS Total adiponectin was lower for Kitavans compared to Swedish controls (Median [Mdn] 4.6 μg/mL, range 1.0-206 μg/mL and Mdn 9.7 μg/mL, range 3.1-104 μg/mL, respectively, r = .64, p < .001). Lower total adiponectin was associated with Kitavan group, male sex (only in Swedish controls), smoking (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined), younger age (not in Swedish controls), higher BMI, lower total, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined), and non-HDL cholesterol, and higher anti-PC IgG (only in Kitavans and Swedish controls combined). CONCLUSION Total adiponectin in Kitavans was significantly lower than in Swedish controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maelán Fontes-Villalba
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lindblad
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Frostegård
- IMM, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Immunology and chronic disease, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Granfeldt
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- University Clinic Primary Care Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Tommy Jönsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- University Clinic Primary Care Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
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Xia Z, Shi S, Ma X, Li F, Li X, Gaisano HY, Zhao M, Li Y, He Y, Jiang J. Mediating effect of adiponectin between free fatty acid and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients with diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:45. [PMID: 38886355 PMCID: PMC11183252 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Increased free fatty acid (FFA) promotes adiponectin secretion in healthy subjects and induces inflammation in diabetes. Given the potential pro-inflammatory role of adiponectin in "adiponectin paradox", we performed this study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the association of FFA with adiponectin and to investigate whether adiponectin mediates FFA-related inflammation. METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of adult patients with T2DM. FFA, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assayed from fasting venous blood after overnight fasting for at least 8 h. Multivariable linear regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis were performed to identify the association between FFA and adiponectin. Mediation analysis was performed to determine the mediating effect of adiponectin on the association between FFA and TNF-α. RESULTS This study included 495 participants, with 332 males (67.1%) and a mean age of 47.0 ± 11.2 years. FFA was positively associated with adiponectin (b = 0.126, 95%CI: 0.036-0.215, P = 0.006) and was the main contributor to the increase of adiponectin (standardized b = 0.141). The RCS analysis demonstrated that adiponectin increased with FFA when FFA was less than 0.7 mmol/L but did not further increase thereafter (Poverall < 0.001 and Pnon-linear < 0.001). In addition, adiponectin mediated the association between FFA and TNF-α. The mediating effect was 0.08 (95%CI: 0.03-0.13, P = 0.003) and the mediating effect percentage was 26.8% (95%CI: 4.5-49.2, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM, FFA was positively associated with adiponectin when FFA was less than 0.7 mmol/L. Elevated adiponectin mediated FFA-related inflammation. This study may provide insights into the pro-inflammatory effect of adiponectin in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shulong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
- Institute for Chronic Disease Management, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xinya Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mingyang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Institute for Chronic Disease Management, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China.
- Postdoctoral of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Fawaz S, Martin Alonso A, Qiu Y, Ramnath R, Stowell-Connolly H, Gamez M, May C, Down C, Coward RJ, Butler MJ, Welsh GI, Satchell SC, Foster RR. Adiponectin Reduces Glomerular Endothelial Glycocalyx Disruption and Restores Glomerular Barrier Function in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:964-976. [PMID: 38530908 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Adiponectin has vascular anti-inflammatory and protective effects. Although adiponectin protects against the development of albuminuria, historically, the focus has been on podocyte protection within the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). The first barrier to albumin in the GFB is the endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx), a surface gel-like barrier covering glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs). In diabetes, eGlx dysfunction occurs before podocyte damage; hence, we hypothesized that adiponectin could protect from eGlx damage to prevent early vascular damage in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Globular adiponectin (gAd) activated AMPK signaling in human GEnCs through AdipoR1. It significantly reduced eGlx shedding and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated increase in syndecan-4 (SDC4) and MMP2 mRNA expression in GEnCs in vitro. It protected against increased TNF-α mRNA expression in glomeruli isolated from db/db mice and against expression of genes associated with glycocalyx shedding (namely, SDC4, MMP2, and MMP9). In addition, gAd protected against increased glomerular albumin permeability (Ps'alb) in glomeruli isolated from db/db mice when administered intraperitoneally and when applied directly to glomeruli (ex vivo). Ps'alb was inversely correlated with eGlx depth in vivo. In summary, adiponectin restored eGlx depth, which was correlated with improved glomerular barrier function, in diabetes. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fawaz
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Aldara Martin Alonso
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Yan Qiu
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Raina Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Holly Stowell-Connolly
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Carl May
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Colin Down
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
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Pavel V, Räth U, Schmid S, Krautbauer S, Keller D, Amend P, Müller M, Mester P, Buechler C. Serum Adiponectin Predicts COVID-19 Severity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1043. [PMID: 38791005 PMCID: PMC11117573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is primarily known for its protective role in metabolic diseases, and it also possesses immunoregulatory properties. Elevated levels of adiponectin have been observed in various inflammatory diseases. However, studies investigating adiponectin levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients have yielded conflicting results. This study aimed to assess serum adiponectin levels in 26 healthy controls, as well as in 64 patients with moderate and 60 patients with severe COVID-19, to determine a potential association between serum adiponectin and the severity of COVID-19. Serum adiponectin levels in severe COVID-19 patients were significantly lower than in those with moderate disease and healthy controls, who exhibited similar serum adiponectin levels. Among patients with moderate disease, positive correlations were observed between serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels. Of note, serum adiponectin levels of severe COVID-19 cases were comparable between patients with and without dialysis or vasopressor therapy. Superinfection with bacteria did not exert a notable influence on serum adiponectin levels in patients with severe disease. Patients who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 and vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteremia showed a significant reduction in their serum adiponectin levels. An analysis conducted on the entire cohort, including both moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, showed that individuals who did not survive had lower serum adiponectin levels when compared to those who survived. In summary, this study highlights a decrease in serum adiponectin levels in severe COVID-19 cases, indicating the potential utility of adiponectin as an additional biomarker for monitoring disease severity in COVID-19 or critical illnesses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Pavel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ulrich Räth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Dennis Keller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Amend
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (V.P.); (U.R.); (S.S.); (D.K.); (P.A.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
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Han Y, Sun Q, Chen W, Gao Y, Ye J, Chen Y, Wang T, Gao L, Liu Y, Yang Y. New advances of adiponectin in regulating obesity and related metabolic syndromes. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100913. [PMID: 38799237 PMCID: PMC11127227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks, in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored. Adiponectin (ADP) is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects, including improving glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting ceramides degradation, and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity. Based on those, it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain cancers. Therefore, a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors. The modulation of ADP genes, multimerization, and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation, providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies. In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP, this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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8
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Wu O, Lu X, Leng J, Zhang X, Liu W, Yang F, Zhang H, Li J, Khederzadeh S, Liu X, Yuan C. Reevaluating Adiponectin's impact on obesity hypertension: a Chinese case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:208. [PMID: 38615012 PMCID: PMC11015577 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Both conditions are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is mediated by adipokines such as adiponectin. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine that has a beneficial impact on metabolic and vascular biology, while high serum concentrations are associated with some syndromes. This "adiponectin paradox" still needs to be clarified in obesity-associated hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate how adiponectin affects blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolic function in obesity hypertension using a Chinese adult case-control study. METHODS A case-control study that had finished recruiting 153 subjects divided as four characteristic groups. Adiponectin serum levels were tested by ELISA in these subjects among these four characteristic Chinese adult physical examination groups. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SB), diastolic blood pressure (DB), and other clinical laboratory data were collected. Analyzation of correlations between the research index and differences between groups was done by SPSS. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels in the| normal healthy group (NH group) were significantly higher than those in the newly diagnosed untreated just-obesity group (JO group), and negatively correlated with the visceral adiposity index. With multiple linear egression analysis, it was found that, for serum adiponectin, gender, serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were the significant independent correlates, and for SB, age and HDLC were the significant independent correlates, and for DB, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was the significant independent correlate. The other variables did not reach significance in the model. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that adiponectin's role in obesity-hypertension is multifaceted and is influenced by the systemic metabolic homeostasis signaling axis. In obesity-related hypertension, compensatory effects, adiponectin resistance, and reduced adiponectin clearance from impaired kidneys and liver all contribute to the "adiponectin paradox".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- JFIntelligent Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd Building No.5-7, No.699 Tianxiang Avenue, Hi-Tech Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The Frist People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Khederzadeh
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengda Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Dungu AM, Ryrsø CK, Hegelund MH, Sejdic A, Jensen AV, Kristensen PL, Krogh-Madsen R, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Lindegaard B. Adiponectin as a predictor of mortality and readmission in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1329417. [PMID: 38633314 PMCID: PMC11022597 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1329417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is secreted by adipocytes and is inversely associated with obesity. Given the association between low body mass index (BMI) and higher mortality risk after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we hypothesized that high adiponectin levels are associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CAP. Methods In a prospective cohort study of 502 patients hospitalized with CAP, adiponectin was measured in serum at admission. The associations between adiponectin and clinical outcomes were estimated with logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and measures of obesity (BMI, waist circumference or body fat percentage). Results Adiponectin was associated with higher 90-day mortality for each 1 μg/mL increase [OR 1.02, 95% CI (1.00, 1.04), p = 0.048] independent of age and sex. Likewise, adiponectin was associated with a higher risk of 90-day readmission for each 1 μg/mL increase [OR 1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04), p = 0.007] independent of age and sex. The association between adiponectin and 90-day mortality disappeared, while the association with 90-day readmission remained after adjusting for adiposity. Conclusion Adiponectin was positively associated with mortality and readmission. The association with mortality depended on low body fat, whereas the association with readmission risk was independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Matovu Dungu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Camilla Koch Ryrsø
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Hein Hegelund
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Adin Sejdic
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vestergaard Jensen
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Peter Lommer Kristensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Krogh-Madsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Vujičić M, Chanclón B, Palsdottir V, Pillon NJ, Benrick A, Wernstedt Asterholm I. Adiponectin stimulates Sca1 +CD34 --adipocyte precursor cells associated with hyperplastic expansion and beiging of brown and white adipose tissue. Metabolism 2024; 151:155716. [PMID: 37918793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte hormone adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and there is an inverse correlation between adiponectin levels and type-2 diabetes risk. Previous research shows that adiponectin remodels the adipose tissue into a more efficient metabolic sink. For instance, mice that overexpress adiponectin show increased capacity for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion as evident from smaller and metabolically more active white adipocytes. In contrast, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of these mice looks "whiter" possibly indicating reduced metabolic activity. Here, we aimed to further establish the effect of adiponectin on adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte mitochondrial function as well as to unravel mechanistic aspects in this area. METHODS Brown and white adipose tissues from adiponectin overexpressing (APN tg) mice and littermate wildtype controls, housed at room and cold temperature, were studied by histological, gene/protein expression and flow cytometry analyses. Metabolic and mitochondrial functions were studied by radiotracers and Seahorse-based technology. In addition, mitochondrial function was assessed in cultured adiponectin deficient adipocytes from APN knockout and heterozygote mice. RESULTS APN tg BAT displayed increased proliferation prenatally leading to enlarged BAT. Postnatally, APN tg BAT turned whiter than control BAT, confirming previous reports. Furthermore, elevated adiponectin augmented the sympathetic innervation/activation within adipose tissue. APN tg BAT displayed reduced metabolic activity and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In contrast, APN tg inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) displayed enhanced metabolic activity. These metabolic differences between genotypes were apparent also in cultured adipocytes differentiated from BAT and IWAT stroma vascular fraction, and the OCR was reduced in both brown and white APN heterozygote adipocytes. In both APN tg BAT and IWAT, the mesenchymal stem cell-related genes were upregulated along with an increased abundance of Lineage-Sca1+CD34- "beige-like" adipocyte precursor cells. In vitro, the adiponectin receptor agonist Adiporon increased the expression of the proliferation marker Pcna and decreased the expression of Cd34 in Sca1+ mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the seemingly opposite effect of adiponectin on BAT and IWAT is mediated by a common mechanism; while reduced adiponectin levels are linked to lower adipocyte OCR, elevated adiponectin levels stimulate expansion of adipocyte precursor cells that produce adipocytes with intrinsically higher metabolic rate than classical white but lower metabolic rate than classical brown adipocytes. Moreover, adiponectin can modify the adipocytes' metabolic activity directly and by enhancing the sympathetic innervation within a fat depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujičić
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vilborg Palsdottir
- Unit for Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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11
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Jiménez-Cortegana C. The obesity paradox. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 161:342-343. [PMID: 37858344 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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12
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Hsiao CH, Hsu BG, Lu CW, Wang JH. Serum adiponectin level is positively associated with vascular reactivity index by digital thermal monitoring in patients with coronary artery disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2023; 35:348-354. [PMID: 38035059 PMCID: PMC10683526 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_30_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects and is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was to study the potential correlation between serum adiponectin levels and endothelial function in participants with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods We collected serum specimens from 125 fasting participants with CAD. The endothelial function was measured using the vascular reactivity index (VRI) determined by digital thermal monitoring, and VRI values of >2.0, 1.0-1.9, and <1.0 indicated good, intermediate, and poor vascular reactivity, respectively. A commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit was used to measure serum adiponectin levels. Results The cohort included 55, 57, and 13 patients with good, intermediate, and poor vascular reactivity, respectively. Poor vascular reactivity was shown to be associated with older age, higher levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C-reactive protein, and lower levels of serum albumin and adiponectin. The linear regression analysis with multivariable forward stepwise approach revealed that age (β = -0.232), serum LDL-C (β = -0.264), and serum adiponectin (β = 0.574) were correlated with the VRI in CAD patients significantly. Conclusion Fasting serum adiponectin levels were associated with good endothelial function determined using the VRI in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hao Hsiao
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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13
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Kim D, Memili A, Chen HH, Highland HM, Polikowsky HG, Anwar MY, Laing ST, Lee M, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP, Below JE, North KE, Gutierrez AD. Sex-specific associations between adipokine profiles and carotid-intima media thickness in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:231. [PMID: 37653519 PMCID: PMC10472619 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue and are associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Functional differences between adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) are known, but inconsistently reported associations with CMD and lack of studies in Hispanic populations are research gaps. We investigated the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and multiple adipokine measures. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (N = 624; mean age = 50; Female = 70.8%) were utilized to assess associations between adipokines [continuous measures of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (LAR), and adiponectin-resistin index (ARI)] and early atherosclerosis [carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT)]. We adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, cytokines, fasting blood glucose levels, blood pressure, lipid levels, and medication usage in the fully adjusted linear regression model. We conducted sexes-combined and sex-stratified analyses to account for sex-specificity and additionally tested whether stratification of participants by their metabolic status (metabolically elevated risk for CMD as defined by having two or more of the following conditions: hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation vs. not) influenced the relationship between adipokines and cIMT. RESULTS In the fully adjusted analyses, adiponectin, leptin, and LAR displayed significant interaction by sex (p < 0.1). Male-specific associations were between cIMT and LAR [β(SE) = 0.060 (0.016), p = 2.52 × 10-4], and female-specific associations were between cIMT and adiponectin [β(SE) = 0.010 (0.005), p = 0.043] and ARI [β(SE) = - 0.011 (0.005), p = 0.036]. When stratified by metabolic health status, the male-specific positive association between LAR and cIMT was more evident among the metabolically healthy group [β(SE) = 0.127 (0.015), p = 4.70 × 10-10] (p for interaction by metabolic health < 0.1). However, the female-specific associations between adiponectin and cIMT and ARI and cIMT were observed only among the metabolically elevated risk group [β(SE) = 0.014 (0.005), p = 0.012 for adiponectin; β(SE) = - 0.015 (0.006), p = 0.013 for ARI; p for interaction by metabolic health < 0.1]. CONCLUSION Associations between adipokines and cIMT were sex-specific, and metabolic health status influenced the relationships between adipokines and cIMT. These heterogeneities by sex and metabolic health affirm the complex relationships between adipokines and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aylin Memili
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah G Polikowsky
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Yaser Anwar
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan T Laing
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miryoung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Absalon D Gutierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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14
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Rosca CI, Lighezan DF, Nisulescu DD, Sharma A, Neagu MN, Nistor D, Georgescu D, Kundnani NR. Metabolic Syndrome: A Strange Companion of Atrial Fibrillation; A Blessing in Disguise from the Neuropsychiatric Point of View. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2012. [PMID: 37509651 PMCID: PMC10377522 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of metabolic syndrome (MetSy) brings together components that individually represent a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which over time can prove to be more harmful if a combined effect of these is exhibited. Method: A single-centre retrospective study in an academic medical unit was conducted. We analysed the link between the MetSy and the occurrence of neuropsychic complications among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We sifted through the files of the patients admitted during 2015-2016 to the Municipal Emergency University Hospital Timisoara, Romania, with the diagnosis of AF. We divided these AF patients into two groups: the first group comprised patients with atrial fibrillation and MetSy (267 patients), while the second group comprised AF patients without MetSy (843 patients). We analysed the occurrence of neuropsychic changes (stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, cognitive impairment, and silent lacunar infarction) among the two groups. Results: Cognitive impairment (p-value = 0.0081) and dementia (p-value < 0.0001) were less frequent in patients with AF and MetSy than in those with AF without MetSy. Regarding the presence of stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD), we could not demonstrate the existence of any statistically significant difference between the two groups. Using logistic regression (enter test), we found that MetSy might have a protective effect (OR = 0.4040, 95% CI [0.2132; 0.7654], p-value = 0.0054) for the occurrence of dementia in those patients. Furthermore, obesity was the only factor with a possible protective effect from all the constituents of the MetSy when analysed together (with a significance level of p-value = 0.0004 for the logistic regression). The protective effect of MetSy against stroke occurrence was supplementarily proven by a longer period of survival without stroke from the AF diagnosis (3.521 years, p = 0.0304) compared to patients with AF without MetSy (3.286 years to first stroke occurrence). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome might offer protection against the occurrence of dementia among patients with AF, but no effect was noted when compared with the presence of stroke. Further studies on larger cohorts can help us reach a conclusion regarding the positive effects of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Ilie Rosca
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostasis, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Florin Lighezan
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostasis, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | | | - Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Cardiology-Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 3000041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Marioara Nicula Neagu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Discipline of Physiology, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daciana Nistor
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Centre of Imuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in Cancer, 3000723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doina Georgescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostasis, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology-Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 3000041 Timișoara, Romania
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15
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, Lieberman DE, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:475-494. [PMID: 36927772 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called 'metabolically healthy obesity phenotype', the 'fatness but fitness' paradox or the 'obesity paradox'. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Vasamsetti SB, Natarajan N, Sadaf S, Florentin J, Dutta P. Regulation of cardiovascular health and disease by visceral adipose tissue-derived metabolic hormones. J Physiol 2023; 601:2099-2120. [PMID: 35661362 PMCID: PMC9722993 DOI: 10.1113/jp282728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a metabolic organ known to regulate fat mass, and glucose and nutrient homeostasis. VAT is an active endocrine gland that synthesizes and secretes numerous bioactive mediators called 'adipocytokines/adipokines' into systemic circulation. These adipocytokines act on organs of metabolic importance like the liver and skeletal muscle. Multiple preclinical and in vitro studies showed strong evidence of the roles of adipocytokines in the regulation of metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and omentin, are anti-inflammatory and have been shown to prevent atherogenesis by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelium, suppressing endothelium-derived inflammation and decreasing foam cell formation. By inhibiting differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) into osteoblasts, adiponectin and omentin prevent vascular calcification. On the other hand, adipocytokines like leptin and resistin induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that leads to vasoconstriction. By promoting VSMC migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages, leptin and resistin increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and rupture. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of these adipocytokines alter in ageing, rendering older humans vulnerable to cardiovascular disease. The disturbances in the normal physiological concentrations of these adipocytokines secreted by VAT under pathological conditions impede the normal functions of various organs and affect cardiovascular health. These adipokines could be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Niranjana Natarajan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Samreen Sadaf
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center-University Drive, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 15213
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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17
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Iwase M, Ohkuma T, Fujii H, Oku Y, Higashi T, Oshiro A, Ide H, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Incidence and risks of coronary heart disease and heart failure in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110732. [PMID: 37245724 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We prospectively investigated the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF), risk factors and prognosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 4,874 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years, male 57%, previous CHD 14%) were registered at multicenter diabetes clinics of a prefecture in 2008-2010 and followed for the development of CHD and HF requiring hospitalization for a median of 5.3 years (follow-up rate 98%). Risk factors were evaluated using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional models. RESULTS The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 12.3 for CHD (silent myocardial ischemia 5.8, angina pectoris 4.3, myocardial infarction 2.1) and 3.1 for hospitalized HF, respectively. New-onset CHD was significantly associated with higher serum adiponectin [the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile HR 1.6 (95%CI 1.0-2.6)]. HF was significantly associated with higher serum adiponectin [the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile HR 2.4 (95%CI 1.1-5.2)], and lower serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio, a surrogate marker for sarcopenia [lowest quartile vs. the highest quartile HR 4.6 (95%CI 1.9-11.1)]. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of heart disease was low and circulating adiponectin and sarcopenia may predict the development of heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center and Clinical Research Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Oshiro
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center and Clinical Research Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Diabetes Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Adam CA, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Aursulesei Onofrei V, Zabara ML, Tribuș LC, Cumpăt C, Crișan Dabija R, Mitu F. Old and Novel Predictors for Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Foot Syndrome—A Narrative Review. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:5990. [DOI: 10.3390/app13105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a complication associated with diabetes that has a strong negative impact, both medically and socio-economically. Recent epidemiological data show that one in six patients with diabetes will develop an ulcer in their lifetime. Vascular complications associated with diabetic foot have multiple prognostic implications in addition to limiting functional status and leading to decreased quality of life for these patients. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies that evaluated the role of DFS as a cardiovascular risk factor through the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, in particular the inflammatory ones and the associated metabolic changes. In the era of evidence-based medicine, the management of these cases in multidisciplinary teams of “cardio-diabetologists” prevents the occurrence of long-term disabling complications and has prognostic value for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Identifying artificial-intelligence-based cardiovascular risk prediction models or conducting extensive clinical trials on gene therapy or potential therapeutic targets promoted by in vitro studies represent future research directions with a modulating role on the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Viviana Aursulesei Onofrei
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Lucian Zabara
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Carina Tribuș
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilfov County Emergency Hospital, 022104 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Cumpăt
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Management, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Crișan Dabija
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III and Department of Surgical Specialties, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Pneumophthisiology Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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19
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Grewal T, Buechler C. Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for the Severity of COVID-19. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1302. [PMID: 37238973 PMCID: PMC10215701 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates obesity as a risk factor for increased severity of disease outcomes in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, which not only predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, but also substantially contributes to low-grade systemic inflammation, altered immune cell composition, and compromised immune function. This seems to impact the susceptibility and outcome of diseases caused by viruses, as obese people appear more vulnerable to developing infections and they recover later from infectious diseases than normal-weight individuals. Based on these findings, increased efforts to identify suitable diagnostic and prognostic markers in obese Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to predict disease outcomes have been made. This includes the analysis of cytokines secreted from adipose tissues (adipokines), which have multiple regulatory functions in the body; for instance, modulating insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipid metabolism, appetite, and fertility. Most relevant in the context of viral infections, adipokines also influence the immune cell number, with consequences for overall immune cell activity and function. Hence, the analysis of the circulating levels of diverse adipokines in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been considered to reveal diagnostic and prognostic COVID-19 markers. This review article summarizes the findings aimed to correlate the circulating levels of adipokines with progression and disease outcomes of COVID-19. Several studies provided insights on chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and galectin-3 levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, while limited information is yet available on the adipokines apelin and visfatin in COVID-19. Altogether, current evidence points at circulating galectin-3 and resistin levels being of diagnostic and prognostic value in COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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20
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An S, Ko H, Jang H, Park IG, Ahn S, Hwang SY, Gong J, Oh S, Kwak SY, Lee Y, Kim H, Noh M. Prenylated Chrysin Derivatives as Partial PPARγ Agonists with Adiponectin Secretion-Inducing Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:425-431. [PMID: 37077388 PMCID: PMC10107909 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased circulating adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of human metabolic diseases. The chemical-mediated upregulation of adiponectin biosynthesis has been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to managing hypoadiponectinemia-associated diseases. In preliminary screening, the natural flavonoid chrysin (1) exhibited adiponectin secretion-inducing activity during adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Here, we provide the 7-prenylated chrysin derivatives, chrysin 5-benzyl-7-prenylether compound 10 and chrysin 5,7-diprenylether compound 11, with the improved pharmacological profile compared with chrysin (1). Nuclear receptor binding and ligand-induced coactivator recruitment assays revealed that compounds 10 and 11 functioned as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ partial agonists. These findings were supported by molecular docking simulation, followed by experimental validation. Notably, compound 11 showed PPARγ binding affinity as potent as that of the PPARγ agonists pioglitazone and telmisartan. This study presents a novel PPARγ partial agonist pharmacophore and suggests that prenylated chrysin derivatives have therapeutic potential in various human diseases associated with hypoadiponectinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan An
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ko
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Jang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - In Guk Park
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Young Hwang
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junpyo Gong
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Oh
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kwak
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Lee
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural
Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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21
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Federico LE, Johnson TM, England BR, Wysham KD, George MD, Sauer B, Hamilton BC, Hunter CD, Duryee MJ, Thiele GM, Mikuls TR, Baker JF. Circulating Adipokines and Associations With Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:768-777. [PMID: 35313088 PMCID: PMC10588673 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) are associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Adipokines were measured using banked enrollment serum from patients with RA and dichotomized above/below the median value. Incident CVD events (coronary artery disease [CAD], stroke, heart failure [HF] hospitalization, venous thromboembolism, CVD-related deaths) were identified using administrative data and the National Death Index. Covariates were derived from medical record, biorepository, and registry databases. Multivariable Cox models were generated to quantify associations between adipokine concentrations and CVD incidence. Five-year incidence rates were predicted. RESULTS Among 2,598 participants, 639 (25%) had at least 1 CVD event over 19,585 patient-years of follow-up. High adiponectin levels were independently associated with HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07-1.79], P = 0.01) and CVD-related death (HR 1.49 [95% CI 1.16-1.92], P = 0.002) but not with other CVD events. High leptin was independently associated with CVD-related death (HR 1.44 [95% CI 1.05-1.97], P = 0.02). High FGF-21 levels were independently associated with lower rates of CAD (HR 0.75 [95% CI 0.58-0.97], P = 0.03). In subgroup analyses, associations between high adiponectin and leptin levels with CVD-related death were driven by strong associations in nonobese patients. CONCLUSION Adipokines are associated with HF hospitalization and CVD-related death in patients with RA, with stronger associations in nonobese participants. These findings suggest that adipokines effectively predict clinically important outcomes in RA perhaps through an association with body composition and metabolic health. Further study is needed to determine whether adipokine measures might augment existing tools to identify RA patients at increased risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tate M. Johnson
- Tate M. Johnson, MD, Bryant R. England, MD, PhD, Geoffrey M. Thiele, PhD, Ted R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH: Veterans Affairs Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bryant R. England
- Tate M. Johnson, MD, Bryant R. England, MD, PhD, Geoffrey M. Thiele, PhD, Ted R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH: Veterans Affairs Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Katherine D. Wysham
- Katherine D. Wysham, MD: Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System and University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Michael D. George
- Michael D. George, MD, MSCE: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Brian Sauer
- Brian Sauer, PhD: University of Utah Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City
| | - Bartlett C. Hamilton
- Bartlett C. Hamilton, MPH, Carlos D. Hunter, BS, Michael J. Duryee, MS: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Carlos D. Hunter
- Bartlett C. Hamilton, MPH, Carlos D. Hunter, BS, Michael J. Duryee, MS: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- Bartlett C. Hamilton, MPH, Carlos D. Hunter, BS, Michael J. Duryee, MS: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Tate M. Johnson, MD, Bryant R. England, MD, PhD, Geoffrey M. Thiele, PhD, Ted R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH: Veterans Affairs Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Tate M. Johnson, MD, Bryant R. England, MD, PhD, Geoffrey M. Thiele, PhD, Ted R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH: Veterans Affairs Nebraska–Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Joshua F. Baker
- Joshua F. Baker, MD, MSCE: University of Pennsylvania and Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia
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22
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Mukama T, Johnson T, Kaaks R, Katzke V. A case-cohort study of the association between adiponectin and mortality in EPIC-Heidelberg: NT-proBNP may explain the adiponectin paradox. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:853-863. [PMID: 36740561 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NT-proBNP has been hypothesized as a possible explanation for the paradoxical association between adiponectin and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We examined the heterogeneities by NT-proBNP, sex, BMI, smoking status, hypertension and diabetes status in the association between adiponectin and cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a case-cohort design nested within the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort, including 1387 incident cases of myocardial infarction or stroke, 582 deaths from cardiovascular causes and 2352 total deaths. We estimated hazard ratios for the association between 1SD increase in log-transformed total adiponectin levels and cardiovascular disease risk, cardiovascular mortality and mortality using Prentice-weighted Cox-proportional hazard models and assessed heterogeneity of the associations across strata of covariates. Overall, adiponectin was significantly associated with all-cause mortality [HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.16, p = 0.004]. The association with cardiovascular mortality did not reach statistical significance [1.10 (0.99-1.37), p = 0.073]. There was significant heterogeneity by NT-proBNP in the association between total adiponectin and all-cause mortality (phet = 0.019) such that significant increase in hazards of mortality were restricted to participants in the highest tertile of NT-proBNP. Among these participants, adiponectin showed a dose-response relationship with total mortality such that; compared to participants in the lowest quintile, those in the third, fourth and fifth were at 1.22 (0.87-1.70), 1.50 (1.07-2.11), and 1.59 (1.15-2.21) higher hazards of mortality respectively. CONCLUSIONS Significant association between adiponectin and mortality was only observed in the context of high NT-proBNP. Our findings provide further support for hypothesis that NT-proBNP may explain the adiponectin paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trasias Mukama
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Onofrei VA, Zamfir CL, Anisie E, Ceasovschih A, Constantin M, Mitu F, Adam CA, Grigorescu ED, Petroaie AD, Timofte D. Determinants of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Morbid Obesity. The Role of Echocardiography and Carotid Ultrasound Imaging. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030428. [PMID: 36984428 PMCID: PMC10053097 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Morbid obesity is accompanied by an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, which justifies a multidisciplinary, integrative approach. Arterial stiffness has a well-defined additional role in refining individual CV risk. Given that echocardiography and carotid ultrasound are usual methods for CV risk characterization, we aimed to identify the imaging parameters with a predictive value for early-onset arterial stiffness. Material and methods: We conducted a study in which 50 patients (divided into two equal groups with morbid obesity and without obesity), age and gender matched, untreated for cardiovascular risk factors, were addressed to bariatric surgery or non-inflammatory benign pathology surgery. Before the surgical procedures, we evaluated demographics, anthropometric data and biochemical parameters including adipokines (chemerin, adiponectin). Arterial stiffness was evaluated using the Medexpert ArteriographTM TL2 device. Transthoracic echocardiography and carotid ultrasound were also performed. We also analyzed adipocyte size and vascular wall thickness in intraoperative biopsies. Results: Left ventricle (LV) mass index (p = 0.2851), LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.0073), epicardial adipose tissue thickness (p = 0.0001) as echocardiographic parameters and carotid intima–media thickness (p = 0.0033), relative wall thickness (p = 0.0295), wall to lumen thickness ratio (p = 0.0930) and carotid cross-sectional area (p = 0.0042) as ultrasound parameters were significant measures in our groups and were assessed in relation to adipocyte size, blood vessel wall thickness and adipokines serum levels. Statistical analysis revealed directly proportional relationships between LV mass index (p = 0.008), carotid systolic thickness of the media (p = 0.009), diastolic thickness of the media (p = 0.007), cross-sectional area (p = 0.001) and blood vessel wall thickness. Carotid relative wall thickness positively correlates with adipocyte size (p = 0.023). In patients with morbid obesity, chemerin and adiponectin/chemerin ratio positively correlates with carotid intima–media thickness (p = 0.050), systolic thickness of the media (p = 0.015) and diastolic thickness of the media (p = 0.001). The multiple linear regression models revealed the role of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and carotid cross-sectional area in predicting adipocyte size which in turn is an independent factor for arterial stiffness parameters such as pulse wave velocity, subendocardial viability ratio and aortic augmentation index. Conclusions: Our results suggest that epicardial adipose tissue thickness, carotid intima–media thickness, relative wall thickness and carotid cross-sectional area might be useful imaging parameters for early prediction of arterial stiffness in patients with morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Aursulesei Onofrei
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.A.O.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Carmen Lacramioara Zamfir
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Anisie
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandr Ceasovschih
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Constantin
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street No. 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Ion C. Brătianu Boulevard No 1, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Professor Dr. Doc. Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard No. 433, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Andreea Adam
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street No. 14, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.A.O.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Antoneta Dacia Petroaie
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- Department of Medical Specialties I and II, Morpho-Functional Sciences I and Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “St. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Ion C. Brătianu Boulevard No 1, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Simati S, Kokkinos A, Dalamaga M, Argyrakopoulou G. Obesity Paradox: Fact or Fiction? Curr Obes Rep 2023:10.1007/s13679-023-00497-1. [PMID: 36808566 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is related to several comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and various types of cancers. While the detrimental effect of obesity in both mortality and morbidity has been well established, the concept of the obesity paradox in specific chronic diseases remains a topic of continuous interest. In the present review, we examine the controversial issues around the obesity paradox in certain conditions such as cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the factors that may confound the relation between obesity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS We refer to the obesity paradox when particular chronic diseases exhibit an interesting "paradoxical" protective association between the body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes. This association, however, may be driven by multiple factors among which the limitations of the BMI itself; the unintended weight loss precipitated by chronic illness; the various phenotypes of obesity, i.e., sarcopenic obesity or the athlete's obesity phenotype; and the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of the included patients. Recent evidence highlighted that previous cardioprotective medications, obesity duration, and smoking status seem to play a role in the obesity paradox. The obesity paradox has been described in a plethora of chronic diseases. It cannot be emphasized enough that the incomplete information received from a single BMI measurement may interfere with outcomes of studies arguing in favor of the obesity paradox. Thus, the development of carefully designed studies, unhampered by confounding factors, is of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Simati
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, Athens, 11527, Greece
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25
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Walowski CO, Herpich C, Enderle J, Braun W, Both M, Hasler M, Müller MJ, Norman K, Bosy-Westphal A. Analysis of the adiponectin paradox in healthy older people. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:270-278. [PMID: 36401062 PMCID: PMC9891976 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown why adiponectin levels are associated with poor physical functioning, skeletal muscle mass and increased mortality in older populations. METHODS In 190 healthy adults (59-86 years, BMI 17-37 kg/m2 , 56.8% female), whole body skeletal muscle mass (normalized by height, SMI, kg/m2 ), muscle and liver fat were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (n = 135). Levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, inflammation markers, leptin and fibroblast growth factor 21 were measured as potential determinants of the relationship between adiponectin and body composition. RESULTS Higher adiponectin levels were associated with a lower SMI (r = -0.23, P < 0.01), BMC (r = -0.17, P < 0.05) and liver fat (r = -0.20, P < 0.05) in the total population and with higher muscle fat in women (r = 0.27, P < 0.01). By contrast, IGF-1 showed positive correlations with SMI (r = 0.33), BMD (r = 0.37) and BMC (r = 0.33) (all P < 0.01) and a negative correlation with muscle fat (r = -0.17, P < 0.05). IGF-1 was negatively associated with age (r = -0.21, P < 0.01) and with adiponectin (r = -0.15, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analyses revealed that IGF-1, insulin and leptin explained 18% of the variance in SMI, and IGF-1, leptin and age explained 16% of the variance in BMC, whereas adiponectin did not contribute to these models. CONCLUSIONS Associations between higher adiponectin levels and lower muscle or bone mass in healthy older adults may be explained by a decrease in IGF-1 with increasing adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina O Walowski
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janna Enderle
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wiebke Braun
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Both
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mario Hasler
- Applied Statistics, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Ladang A, Beaudart C, Reginster JY, Al-Daghri N, Bruyère O, Burlet N, Cesari M, Cherubini A, da Silva MC, Cooper C, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Laslop A, Maggi S, Mobasheri A, Ormarsdottir S, Radermecker R, Visser M, Yerro MCP, Rizzoli R, Cavalier E. Biochemical Markers of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging to be Assessed in Clinical Trials of Drugs Aiming at the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Consensus Paper from an Expert Group Meeting Organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the Centre Académique de Recherche et d'Expérimentation en Santé (CARES SPRL), Under the Auspices of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for the Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Conditions and Aging. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:197-217. [PMID: 36633611 PMCID: PMC9859913 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In clinical trials, biochemical markers provide useful information on the drug's mode of action, therapeutic response and side effect monitoring and can act as surrogate endpoints. In pharmacological intervention development for sarcopenia management, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to measure in clinical trials and that could be used in the future in clinical practice. The objective of the current consensus paper is to provide a clear list of biochemical markers of musculoskeletal health and aging that can be recommended to be measured in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials evaluating new chemical entities for sarcopenia treatment. A working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) proposed classifying biochemical markers into 2 series: biochemical markers evaluating musculoskeletal status and biochemical markers evaluating causal factors. For series 1, the group agreed on 4 biochemical markers that should be assessed in Phase II or Phase III trials (i.e., Myostatin-Follistatin, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, N-terminal Type III Procollagen and Serum Creatinine to Serum Cystatin C Ratio - or the Sarcopenia Index). For series 2, the group agreed on 6 biochemical markers that should be assessed in Phase II trials (i.e., the hormones insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and cortisol, and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and 2 in Phase III trials (i.e., IGF-I and CRP). The group also proposed optional biochemical markers that may provide insights into the mode of action of pharmacological therapies. Further research and development of new methods for biochemical marker assays may lead to the evolution of these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ladang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Beaudart
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing,, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing,, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing,, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nansa Burlet
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing,, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laslop
- Scientific Office, Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo-Skeletal Health and Ageing,, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Régis Radermecker
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liege, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - René Rizzoli
- Faculty of Medicine, Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Jansen A, Aaseth JO, Lyche JL, Berg JP, Müller MHB, Lydersen S, Farup PG. Do changes in persistent organic pollutants after bariatric surgery cause endocrine disruption? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137461. [PMID: 36470361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery results in weight loss, marked endocrine changes and the release of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The release of POPs might cause endocrine disruption. The study aimed to explore associations between POPs and adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS The study included 63 subjects with severe obesity (men/women: 13/50), age (years): 45.0 (8.5), and BMI (kg/m2) 39.1 (3.4). Analyses of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin and POPs (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 (dioxin-like compound; dl), and sum 6 PCB (PCB 28, -52, -101, -138, -153, and -180) were performed before and 12 months after bariatric surgery. RESULTS There were significant increases in adiponectin and all POPs and a fall in leptin after surgery. The main finding was the highly significant associations between adiponectin and all POPs. The increase in HCB explained 38% of the variation in adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS If the POP-associated increase in adiponectin is a causal effect, the release of POPs might have important clinical consequences. Adiponectin has both positive and negative clinical effects exerted by essentially unknown mechanisms. The effects of released POPs on the metabolic functions in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery deserve further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Jansen
- Department of Surgery, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2819 Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Jan O Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381Brumunddal, Norway; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Jens P Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, N-0450 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette H B Müller
- Section for Experimental Biomedicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per G Farup
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381Brumunddal, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491Trondheim, Norway.
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28
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Satoh K, Nagasawa K, Takebe N, Kinno H, Shozushima M, Onodera K, Oda T, Hasegawa Y, Satoh J, Ishigaki Y. Adiponectin Paradox More Evident in Non-Obese Than in Obese Patients with Diabetic Microvascular Complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:201-212. [PMID: 36760589 PMCID: PMC9882416 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s387744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Adiponectin is generally regarded as a beneficial molecule, protecting against insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, and its serum levels are low in individuals with obesity as well as in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, several clinical studies have shown associations between high adiponectin values and major health concerns. These conflicting findings are termed the "adiponectin paradox". Similarly, these paradoxical adiponectin elevations were observed in patients with diabetic microvascular complications. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify differences in factors, including adiponectin, related to diabetic vascular complications between non-obese and obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study patients with T2DM were non-obese (n=197) or obese (n=197), matched by a propensity score model adjusted with age and gender. Independent factors for each of the microvascular complications were determined using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of nephropathy was high in obese T2DM patients. In addition to long diabetes duration, elevated adiponectin was a common characteristic of patients with microvascular complications. Logistic regression analyses for microvascular complications revealed adiponectin to be highly related to retinopathy (odds ratio [OR], 1.138; 95%confidence intervals [CI], 1.004-1.289, p<0.001), nephropathy (OR, 1.192; CI, 1.077-1.319, p<0.001) and neuropathy (OR, 1.217; CI, 1.071-1.384, p<0.001), in non-obese patients. In contrast, the association between adiponectin values and complications was modest in obese patients. CONCLUSION Adiponectin regulation in response to vascular damage differed between non-obese and obese patients, suggesting that adiponectin regulation is compromised by fat accumulation. Assuming that paradoxical elevation of adiponectin in vascular damage is a compensatory response, we speculate that responsive upregulation might be insufficient in obese patients. These newly-recognized differences in adiponectin values might lead to novel insights into adiponectin regulation and our understanding of the adiponectin paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Satoh
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kan Nagasawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Noriko Takebe
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kinno
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shozushima
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Ken Onodera
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Oda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hasegawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Jo Satoh
- Department of Diabetes, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Wakabayashi Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
- Correspondence: Yasushi Ishigaki, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idai-Dori, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan, Tel +81 19 613 7111, Fax +81 19 907 8270, Email
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29
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Than WH, Chan GCK, Kwan BCH, Lai KB, Chan RCK, Teoh JYC, Ng JKC, Fung WWS, Chow KM, Cheng PMS, Law MC, Li PKT, Szeto CC. Circulating and Adipose Tissue Adiponectin Level and Outcomes in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Kidney Med 2022; 5:100589. [PMID: 36793851 PMCID: PMC9922972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2022.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adiponectin, a key adipokine, is related to obesity and insulin resistance. We determined the clinical and prognostic value of plasma adiponectin level and its adipose tissue messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in new PD patients. Study Design Retrospective analysis of a prospective observational study. Setting & Participants 152 new PD patients from a single center; 6 adults undergoing abdominal surgeries without kidney disease served as controls. Predictors Plasma adiponectin level and its adipose tissue mRNA expression. Outcomes Body build and composition, patient and technique survival. Analytical Approach Adiponectin level and mRNA expression were grouped in quartiles for correlation analysis for body build and Cox regression for survival analysis. Results The median plasma adiponectin level was 31.98 μg/mL (IQR, 16.81-49.49 μg/mL), and adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue was 1.65 times higher than in controls (IQR, 0.98-2.63). There was a modest but statistically significant correlation between plasma adiponectin and its adipose tissue mRNA expression (r = 0.40, P < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin level inversely correlated with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, mid-arm circumference, adipose tissue mass, plasma triglyceride (r = -0.39, -0.38, -0.41, -0.38, and -0.30, respectively; P < 0.001 for all), as well as serum insulin level (r = -0.24, P = 0.005). Similar correlations were present but less marked with adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA level. Neither plasma adiponectin level nor adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA level predicted patient or technique survival. Limitations Observational study, single center, single baseline measurement. Conclusions Plasma adiponectin level correlated with the degree of adiposity in new PD patients. However, neither plasma adiponectin level nor its adipose tissue mRNA expression was an independent prognostic indicator in kidney failure patients newly started on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Hlaing Than
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon Chun-Kau Chan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Bik Lai
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Cheong-Kin Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeromy Yuen Chun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shing Fung
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phyllis Mei-Shan Cheng
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Ching Law
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,Address for Correspondence: Cheuk-Chun Szeto, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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The Relationship between Serum Adiponectin, Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio and Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237232. [PMID: 36498806 PMCID: PMC9738010 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between serum adiponectin concentration (S-Adipo) and various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) is conflicting. We hypothesized that the extent of kidney damage in patients with T2D may be responsible for this inconsistency and, thus, examined association between S-Adipo and T2D after consideration for the extent of kidney damage present. Of the 1816 participants in the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese people, 1751 participants with a complete dataset were included. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that low S-Adipo was independently associated with T2D (<0.001), as was high urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (uACR) (<0.001). Principal components analysis showed that the relative value of S-Adipo to uACR (adiponectin relative excess) was significantly associated with T2D (odds ratio: 0.49, p < 0.001). Receiver operating curve analyses revealed that an index of adiponectin relative excess the ratio of S-Adipo to uACR was superior to S-Adipo per se as a marker of T2D (area under the curve: 0.746 vs. 0.579, p < 0.001). This finding indicates that the relationship between S-Adipo and T2D should be evaluated according to the extent of kidney damage present and may warrant similar analyses of the relationships between S-Adipo and other medicalconditions, such as cardiovascular disease.
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Ahmed AA, Musa HH, Essa MEA, Mollica A, Zengin G, Ahmad H, Adam SY. Inhibition of obesity through alterations of C/EBP- α gene expression by gum Arabic in mice with a high-fat feed diet. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Mendelian randomization study reveals a causal relationship between adiponectin and LDL cholesterol in Africans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18955. [PMID: 36347891 PMCID: PMC9643497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been associated with cardiometabolic traits in observational studies across populations, yet it is unclear if these associations are causal. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the relationship between adiponectin and cardiometabolic traits in sub-Saharan Africans. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for adiponectin levels across 3354 unrelated sub-Saharan Africans. The PRS was used as the instrumental variable in two-stage least-squares MR analysis to assess its association with insulin resistance, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and hypertension. The adiponectin PRS was causally related with LDL (β = 0.55, 95%CI 0.07-1.04, P-value = 0.024) but not the other traits. This association was observed in both overweight/obese and normal weight individuals, but only reached statistical significance among overweight/obese individuals (β = 0.55, 95%CI 0.01-1.08, P-value = 0.045). In normal weight individuals, the adiponectin PRS was associated with T2D (OR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.02-0.73, P-value = 0.021), and in men with HDL (β = 1.03, 95%CI 0.14-1.92, P-value = 0.023). The findings of this first MR study in sub-Saharan Africans support a causal relationship of adiponectin with LDL, with T2D in normal weight individuals only, and with HDL in men only. These observations add to the small but growing literature on adiponectin MR studies.
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Martínez-Gayo A, Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, González-Muniesa P, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204240. [PMID: 36296923 PMCID: PMC9610919 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on genes or proteins related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regeneration and myokine expression in aged and obese mice. Two-month-old C57BL/6J female mice received a control or a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA, DIO + EX (treadmill training) and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. Mice fed a control diet were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 18 months. Aging increased the mRNA expression of Tnf-α and decreased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (Glut1, Glut4), muscle atrophy (Murf1, Atrogin-1, Cas-9) and myokines (Metrnl, Il-6). In aged DIO mice, exercise restored several of these changes. It increased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (Glut1, Glut4), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt1b, Acox), myokine expression (Fndc5, Il-6) and protein turnover, decreased Tnf-α expression and increased p-AKT/AKT ratio. No additional effects were observed when combining exercise and DHA. These data suggest the effectiveness of long-term training to prevent the deleterious effects of aging and obesity on muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Gayo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdISNA–Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-M.); (M.J.M.-A.)
| | - María J. Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdISNA–Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-M.); (M.J.M.-A.)
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Congenital adiponectin deficiency mitigates high-fat-diet-induced obesity in gonadally intact male and female, but not in ovariectomized mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16668. [PMID: 36198723 PMCID: PMC9534911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological literature indicates that women are less susceptible to type II diabetes (T2D) than males. The general consensus is that estrogen is protective, whereas its deficiency in post-menopause is associated with adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. However, epidemiological data suggests that males are more prone to developing T2D, and at a lower BMI, compared to females during post-menopausal years; suggesting that another factor, other than estrogen, protects females. We proposed to determine if adiponectin (APN) serves as this protective factor. An initial experiment was performed in which gonadally intact male and female mice were fed either a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) (40% kcals from fat) for 16 weeks. An additional group of HFD ovariectomy (OVX) mice were included to assess estrogen deficiency’s impact on obesity. Body composition, adipose tissue inflammation, ectopic lipid accumulation as well as glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were assessed. In corroboration with previous data, estrogen deficiency (OVX) exacerbated HFD-induced obesity in female mice. However, despite a higher body fat percentage and a similar degree of hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, female OVX HFD-fed mice exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity relative to HFD-fed males. Therefore, a subsequent HFD experiment was performed utilizing male and female (both gonadally intact and OVX) APN deficient mice (APN−/−) and wildtype littermates to determine if APN is the factor which protects OVX females from the similar degree of metabolic dysfunction as males in the setting of obesity. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine observed phenotype differences. APN deficiency limited adiposity and mitigated HFD-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in gonadally intact male and female, but not in OVX mice. Using indirect calorimetry, we uncovered that slight, but non-statistically significant differences in food intake and energy expenditure leading to a net difference in energy balance likely explain the reduced body weight exhibited by male APN-deficient mice. In conclusion, congenital APN deficiency is protective against obesity development in gonadally intact mice, however, in the setting of estrogen deficiency (OVX) this is not true. These findings suggest that gonadal status dictates the protective effects of congenital APN deficiency in the setting of HFD-induced obesity.
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Spasovska M, Panovska TK. Correlation between adiponectin level and obesity as a risk factor for allergy disease. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has focused on the connection between two inflammatory conditions, allergic reactions and obesity which has led to a focus on adiponectin, hormone with anti-inflammatory properties secreted by adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the association of adiponectin with obesity, as a risk factor for the development of allergic condition in order to rationalize approach to its treatment. Research methods for inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters involve immunoassay technique. Statistical analysis was performed with Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon T-test and coefficient of correlation. The study included apparently healthy subjects and patients with allergy conditions with confirmed presence of specific IgE, classified into 2 groups according to their body mass index (BMI). The obtained data showed negative correlation (cor = – 0.6), between adiponectin levels and BMI values. Thus, decreased level of adiponectin is associated with increased BMI. The mean values of adiponectin in the studied population, with high statistical differences between the groups (19.1 ± 1.5; 17.7 ± 0.9), (18.8± 1.1; 16.6 ± 1.0) demonstrated the relationship between low adiponectin level and development of obesity, and what, in turn, increasd risk of developing allergic conditions. The assumption was made that adiponectin may be used as a sensitive biochemical marker for early diagnostics of allergic reactions. Keywords: adiponectin, allergy reactions, obesity, specific IgE
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Baker JF, England BR, George MD, Wysham K, Johnson T, Lenert A, Kunkel G, Sauer B, Duryee MJ, Monach P, Kerr G, Reimold A, Thiele GM, Mikuls TR. Adipocytokines and achievement of low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 55:152003. [PMID: 35472662 PMCID: PMC11000859 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if adipocytokines are independently associated with the achievement of low disease activity (LDA) over long-term follow-up in a large rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registry. METHODS This cohort study evaluated adults with RA from the Veteran's Affairs RA Registry. Adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor [FGF]-21) and inflammatory cytokines were measured as part of a multi-analyte panel on banked serum from enrollment. Covariates were derived from medical record, biorepository, and registry databases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between adipocytokines and rates of 1) DAS28 LDA and remission, 2) individual Boolean remission criteria and 3) initiation of a new bDMARD or tsDMARD. RESULTS There were 1,276 participants with a DAS28 >3.2 at enrollment. Of these, 827 achieved LDA and 598 achieved remission over 2,287 and 4,096 person-years, respectively. Patients in the highest quartile of adiponectin had lower rates LDA before and after adjustment [aHR Q4: 0.68 (0.53,0.87) p<0.001]. Those in the highest quartile of leptin and FGF-21 also had lower rates of LDA. Higher quartiles of adipocytokines were also associated with lower rates of achieving a low patient/evaluator global scores and low tender joint counts. Among 1,236 biologic-naïve participants, values above the median for adiponectin [HR: 1.67 (1.23,1.26) p = 0.001] and FGF-21 [HR: 1.27 (1.09,1.47) p = 0.002] were associated with a greater likelihood of initiating a b/tsDMARD. CONCLUSIONS Adipocytokines may serve as prognostic biomarkers of a more severe RA disease course. Additional study is needed to determine whether adipocytokines are phenotypic markers or whether they actively promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Bryant R England
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michael D George
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Tate Johnson
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Gary Kunkel
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Brian Sauer
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Paul Monach
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gail Kerr
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Piechota W, Krzesiński P, Piotrowicz K, Gielerak G, Kurpaska M, Rączka A, Woźniak-Kosek A. Urine 11-Dehydro-Thromboxane B2 in Aspirin-Naive Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123471. [PMID: 35743540 PMCID: PMC9224828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2), an indirect measure of platelet activity, is elevated in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The purpose of our study was to determine whether urine 11-dehydro-TXB2 is elevated in aspirin-naive males with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to determine predictors of 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels. The secondary aim was to evaluate whether these MS patients could be potential candidates for the aspirin-mediated prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). In 82 males with MS (76 hypertensive), anthropometric measures, urine 11-dehydro-TXB2, platelet count, creatinine, glucose, insulin, estimated insulin resistance, lipid parameters, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, homocysteine, and ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (SCORE) were assessed. Urine 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels were elevated (≥2500 pg/mg creatinine) in two-thirds of patients, including 11 high-risk patients (SCORE ≥ 5%). Homocysteine, adiponectin, hs-CRP, waist-to-hip ratio, and total cholesterol were found to be predictors of urine 11-dehydro-TXB2. In conclusion, there is a high incidence of elevated urine 11-dehydro-TXB2 in males with MS, including in some patients who are at a high or very high risk of ASCVDs. 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammation, fat distribution, hypercholesterolemia, and adiponectin concentrations. Elevated 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels may support the use of personalised aspirin ASCVD prevention in high-risk males with MS. Giuseppe Patti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Piechota
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (A.R.); (A.W.-K.)
| | - Paweł Krzesiński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (G.G.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-606-939-390; Fax: +48-228-108-089
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowicz
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Gielerak
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kurpaska
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Alicja Rączka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (A.R.); (A.W.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Woźniak-Kosek
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserów Street 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (W.P.); (A.R.); (A.W.-K.)
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Zocchi M, Della Porta M, Lombardoni F, Scrimieri R, Zuccotti GV, Maier JA, Cazzola R. A Potential Interplay between HDLs and Adiponectin in Promoting Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1344. [PMID: 35740366 PMCID: PMC9220412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic public health problem that has progressively worsened in recent decades and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) in metabolic tissues and an increased risk of several diseases. In particular, LGCI alters metabolism and increases cardiovascular risk by impairing endothelial function and altering the functions of adiponectin and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Adiponectin is an adipokine involved in regulating energy metabolism and body composition. Serum adiponectin levels are reduced in obese individuals and negatively correlate with chronic sub-clinical inflammatory markers. HDLs are a heterogeneous and complex class of lipoproteins that can be dysfunctional in obesity. Adiponectin and HDLs are strictly interdependent, and the maintenance of their interplay is essential for vascular function. Since such a complex network of interactions is still overlooked in clinical settings, this review aims to highlight the mechanisms involved in the impairment of the HDLs/adiponectin axis in obese patients to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases and activate preventive countermeasures. Here, we provide a narrative review of the role of LGCI in altering HDLs, adiponectin and endothelial functions in obesity to encourage new studies about their synergic effects on cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Federico Lombardoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Scrimieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
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Baker JF, England BR, George MD, Wysham K, Johnson T, Kunkel G, Sauer B, Hamilton BC, Hunter CD, Duryee MJ, Monach P, Kerr G, Reimold A, Xiao R, Thiele GM, Mikuls TR. Elevations in adipocytokines and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4924-4934. [PMID: 35325041 PMCID: PMC9707328 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed whether circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin are associated with higher mortality in patients with RA. METHODS Participants were adults from the Veterans Affairs RA Registry. Adipokines and inflammatory cytokines were measured as part of a multi-analyte panel on banked serum at enrolment. Dates and causes of death were derived from the Corporate Data Warehouse and the National Death Index. Covariates were derived from medical record, biorepository and registry databases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between biomarkers and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS A total of 2583 participants were included. Higher adiponectin levels were associated with older age, male sex, white race, lower BMI, autoantibody seropositivity, radiographic damage, longer disease duration, prednisone use and osteoporosis. Higher adiponectin concentrations were also associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines but not higher disease activity at enrolment. Leptin was primarily associated with greater BMI and comorbidity. The highest quartile of adiponectin (vs lowest quartile) was associated with higher all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.46 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.93), P = 0.009] and higher cardiovascular mortality [HR: 1.85 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.75), P = 0.003], after accounting for covariates. Higher leptin levels were also associated with greater all-cause and cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Elevations in adipokines are associated with age, BMI, comorbidity and severe disease features in RA and independently predict early death. Associations between adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines support the hypothesis that chronic subclinical inflammation promotes metabolic changes that drive elevations in adipokines and yield adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- Correspondence to: Joshua F. Baker, Division of Rheumatology, 5th Floor White Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
| | - Bryant R England
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael D George
- Perelman School of Medicine,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Wysham
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Tate Johnson
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Gary Kunkel
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian Sauer
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bartlett C Hamilton
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Gail Kerr
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Geoff M Thiele
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Formolo DA, Cheng T, Yu J, Kranz GS, Yau SY. Central Adiponectin Signaling – A Metabolic Regulator in Support of Brain Plasticity. Brain Plast 2022; 8:79-96. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-220138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity and metabolism are tightly connected by a constant influx of peripheral glucose to the central nervous system in order to meet the high metabolic demands imposed by neuronal activity. Metabolic disturbances highly affect neuronal plasticity, which underlies the prevalent comorbidity between metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and mood dysfunction. Effective pro-cognitive and neuropsychiatric interventions, therefore, should consider the metabolic aspect of brain plasticity to achieve high effectiveness. The adipocyte-secreted hormone, adiponectin, is a metabolic regulator that crosses the blood-brain barrier and modulates neuronal activity in several brain regions, where it exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. Moreover, adiponectin has been shown to improve neuronal metabolism in different animal models, including obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we aim at linking the adiponectin’s neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties with its main role as a metabolic regulator and to summarize the possible mechanisms of action on improving brain plasticity via its role in regulating the intracellular energetic activity. Such properties suggest adiponectin signaling as a potential target to counteract the central metabolic disturbances and impaired neuronal plasticity underlying many neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Tong Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Jiasui Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Georg S. Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Mental Health Research Center (MHRC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University3Institute of future foods
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing (RISA), Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Mitsis A, Kadoglou NPE, Lambadiari V, Alexiou S, Theodoropoulos KC, Avraamides P, Kassimis G. Prognostic role of inflammatory cytokines and novel adipokines in acute myocardial infarction: An updated and comprehensive review. Cytokine 2022; 153:155848. [PMID: 35301174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The inflammation response during and after AMI is common and seems to play a key role in the peri-AMI period, related with ischaemia-reperfusion injury, adverse cardiac remodelling, infarct size and poor prognosis. In this article, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the most important cytokines and adipokines involved in the complex pathophysiology mechanisms in AMI, summarizing their prognostic role post-AMI. Data so far support that elevated levels of the major proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1 and the adipokines adiponectin, visfatin and resistin, are linked to high mortality and morbidity. In contrary, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines as IL-10, omentin-1 and ghrelin can suppress the AMI-induced inflammatory response and are correlated with better prognosis. Mixed data make unclear the role of the novel adipokines leptin and apelin. After all, imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may result in worst AMI prognosis. The incorporation of these inflammation biomarkers in established prognostic models could further improve their prognostic power improving overall the management of AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsis
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Cyprus.
| | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Alexiou
- Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - George Kassimis
- Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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APOE Polymorphism and Endocrine Functions in Subjects with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020222. [PMID: 35205269 PMCID: PMC8871864 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an interplay between genes and the environment, including lifestyle. The genetics of obesity is insufficiently understood. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic polymorphism has been associated with a wide range of disorders. Knowing that some APOE alleles are associated with obesity and endocrine disorders that are common in obesity, the present study aimed at exploring associations between APOE polymorphisms and endocrine functions in subjects with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS Analyses of hormones in blood collected before and one year after bariatric surgery were examined. The APOE alleles were grouped as follows: E2 = ε2ε2 + ε2ε3; E3 = ε3ε3 + ε2ε4; E4 = ε3ε4 + ε4ε4. The APOE groups were analysed as nominal and ordered groups (E2-E3-E4) with a linear mixed model to predict the hormonal effects of the groups. RESULTS Forty-nine women (79%) and thirteen (21%) men with a mean age of 47.7 (SD 8.5) years were included in the study. The adiponectin level was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the E2 group compared with the E4 group. Adiponectin and cortisol were positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the ordered APOE groups. CONCLUSIONS The ordered APOE groups E2-E3-E4 were significantly associated with high and low levels of adiponectin and cortisol, respectively. The findings indicate APOE-mediated effects on body weight and metabolic functions in subjects with morbid obesity.
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Serwin N, Adamiak D, Wiśniewska M, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Serwin K, Cecerska-Heryć E, Grygorcewicz B, Roszak M, Miądlicki K, Dołęgowska B. Adiponectin is unrelated to kidney function or injury markers in renal transplant recipients: A one-year follow-up study. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 159:106618. [PMID: 35007702 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ADPN) is a biologically active cytokine produced by adipose tissue. This protein exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, and insulin-sensitizing properties. As ADPN is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, it is a potential biomarker of chronic kidney disease progression. This study aimed to analyze the fluctuations in ADPN levels after kidney transplantation during a one-year follow-up and to compare them to significant renal (eGFR, NGAL) and metabolic (insulin, glucose, lipids, HOMA-IR) markers. METHODS Insulin, ADPN, NGAL, and basic biochemical parameters were evaluated in 51 healthy controls and 39 patients right before kidney transplantation and at five time points following transplantation (5-7 days, one month, three months, six months, and twelve months). RESULTS Mean ADPN levels dropped significantly right after transplantation (from 35.449 to 30.920 µg/ml, p = 0.001) and decreased gradually over a year. From the third month after the transplantation, ADPN levels were comparable to healthy individuals. At the pre-transplant time point, ADPN correlated only with insulin (r = -0.60, p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.55, p < 0.001). At the timepoints after transplantation, ADPN correlated only with NGAL at three months (r = -0.70, p = 0.048). The correlation of ADPN with HOMA-IR found at pre-transplant was not significant at any post-transplant time point, but at one and three months after transplant, the correlations reached a borderline significance (p = 0.07 and p = 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Successful kidney transplantation is followed by a gradual and significant ADPN decrease. In pre- and post-transplant patients, ADPN is unrelated to kidney function defined by GFR, but to glucose metabolism. Most of the analyzed metabolic and kidney parameters, apart from NGAL, stabilize within three months after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Daria Adamiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magda Wiśniewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Karol Serwin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Marta Roszak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Miądlicki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
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Tanyanskiy DA, Pigarevskii PV, Maltseva SV, Malashicheva AB, Docshin PM, Uspenskiy VE, Lizunov AV, Orlov SV, Maltseva ON, Ageeva EV, Denisenko AD. [Adiponectin in normal and atherosclerotic intima of human aorta]. Arkh Patol 2022; 84:16-22. [PMID: 36469713 DOI: 10.17116/patol20228406116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (AN) is a protein synthesized by adipocytes that has regulatory effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, increases tissue sensitivity to insulin, and modulates endothelial functions and inflammatory response. However, its involvement in the processes of atherogenesis remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the localization and sources of AN in atherosclerotic and normal human aortic intima. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical study was performed on sections of atherosclerotic and normal human aorta obtained during autopsy. Reverse transcription real-time PCR was performed using biopsies of para-aortic and abdominal adipose tissue, intima-media of the thoracic aorta, atherosclerotic plaques of the human carotid and femoral arteries, as well as on endothelial cells isolated from the human thoracic aorta. Transendothelial transport of AN was evaluated in a two-chamber model using a monolayer of human endothelial cell hybridoma EA.Hy926. RESULTS It has been established that AN is present in atherosclerotic but not in normal human aortic intima. At the same time, AN ADIPOQ mRNA was not detected either in the intima media of the human aorta, nor in isolated endothelial cells of the aorta, nor in cells of atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid and femoral arteries. AN slowly penetrated the endothelial monolayer in vitro, but this transport was significantly enhanced by the action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa). CONCLUSION Obtained data indicate that AN is present in atherosclerotic but not in normal aortic intima. We assume that AN is not synthesized by the cells of normal and atherosclerotic arterial walls, but permeates from the plasma. Transendothelial transport of AN, like many other plasma proteins, is activated during the development of atherosclerotic lesions, apparently under the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular, TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Tanyanskiy
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - S V Maltseva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A B Malashicheva
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P M Docshin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V E Uspenskiy
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Lizunov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Orlov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O N Maltseva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Ageeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A D Denisenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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45
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Valente F, Valente T, Crispim F, Bittencourt CS, Piveta VM, Moises RCMS, de Sá JR, Dib SA. Parents' cardiovascular risk factors are related to overweight and obesity in young Brazilians with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108082. [PMID: 34865986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify family background characteristics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors linked to overweight and obesity in Brazilian with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS We performed cross-sectional anthropometric and laboratory analyses in young individuals with T1D. RESULTS Among 181 participants, 87 were women and 94 were men (64%/78% normal weight, 27%/15% overweight and 9%/7% obese). Obese men were older; were more likely to be Black; had higher triglyceride levels and diastolic blood pressure (BP), lower estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and higher prevalence of first-degree relatives (FDR) with hypertension and early CVD. Overweight and obese women were more likely to have lower eGDR, and obese women were more likely to have FDR with obesity. CONCLUSION One third of young people with T1D were overweight or obese. Excess weight was associated with family history (FH) of obesity for women and FH of early CVD or hypertension for men. BMI was related to decreased insulin sensitivity in both genders, but only men with T1D had metabolic impairment. Our data highlight the importance of considering family background in individuals with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Valente
- Diabetes Centre of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Valente
- Diabetes Centre of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Crispim
- Diabetes Centre of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | | | - Valdecira Maria Piveta
- Diabetes Centre of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | | | - João Roberto de Sá
- Diabetes Centre of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Atala Dib
- Diabetes Centre of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil
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Li M, Wu M, Zhu H, Hua Y, Ma Z, Yao J, Feng B, Shi B. Serum Tenascin-C and Alarin Levels Are Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:2009724. [PMID: 35493201 PMCID: PMC9050282 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2009724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is elevated in inflammatory and cardiovascular pathologies, whereas alarin, a novel orexigenic peptide, participates in insulin resistance and glycometabolism. The roles of these molecules in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), clinical conditions associating with metabolic disorders, and chronic inflammation, remain controversial. Our study aimed at determining the potential role of TNC and alarin in CVD adult patients with T2DM. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Basic and clinical information for 250 patients with T2DM were analyzed. Based on their cardiovascular disease status, participants were assigned into the CVD and non-CVD groups. Serum TNC and alarin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum TNC and alarin concentrations in the CVD group were significantly higher than those of the non-CVD group. Moreover, serum TNC levels were positively correlated with age, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio; however, they were negatively correlated with TC, LDL-C, and eGFR levels. Alarin levels were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference. In logistic regression models, TNC and alarin were also established to be independent determinants for CVD in T2DM patients and their increases were associated with CVD severity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) values for TNC and alarin were 0.68 and 0.67, respectively. TNC and alarin were good predictors of CVD occurrence. When the cutoff value for TNC was 134.05 pg/mL, its sensitivity was 69.47% while its specificity was 61.29%. When the cutoff value for alarin was 142.69 pg/mL, sensitivity and specificity were 38.95% and 90.97%, respectively. CONCLUSION Elevated TNC and alarin levels are independently associated with the occurrence and severity of CVD in T2DM individuals. Therefore, these two biomarkers are potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators for CVD in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yulin Hua
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zijun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiayi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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The Role of RIPC in Preventing Organ Damage, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress during Lower Limb DSA: A Randomised Controlled Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6043550. [PMID: 34925697 PMCID: PMC8674049 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6043550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Diagnostic digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and DSA with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (DSA-PTA) are common procedures for diagnosing and treating symptomatic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). However, organ damage following DSA and DSA-PTA is often underrecognised and hence undiagnosed. To reduce the risk induced by invasive procedures in symptomatic LEAD patients, the method of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been suggested. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of RIPC intervention on the organ damage markers profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers in LEAD patients undergoing DSA and DSA-PTA procedure. Methods The RIPC intervention was performed by inflating a standard blood pressure cuff on the patient's upper arm to 200 mmHg for 5 minutes four times with 5-minute perfusion between each cycle. The sham intervention was performed similarly, but the cuff was inflated to 20 mmHg. Changes in the cardiac and renal damage biomarkers' profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers were recorded before and 24 hours after DSA or DSA-PTA. Results A total of 111 (RIPC 54, sham 57) patients with symptomatic LEAD scheduled for endovascular procedure were randomised, and 102 patients (RIPC 47, sham 55) completed the study protocol. RIPC significantly limited the increase of adiponectine levels after DSA and DSA-PTA, compared to sham intervention (p = 0.020), but CK-MB levels were markedly lower in the sham group (p = 0.047) after procedure. There was no significant difference between the RIPC and the sham group in mean changes in hs-troponin-T (p = 0.25), NT-proBNP (p = 0.24), creatinine (p = 0.76), eGFR (p = 0.61), urea (p = 0.95), beta-2-microglobuline (p = 0.34), or cystatine C (p = 0.24) levels. Conclusion In this controlled clinical study, RIPC failed to improve the profile of renal and cardiac biomarkers in patients with LEAD periprocedurally. RIPC significantly limits the rise in adiponectin levels and may influence the decrease of CK-MB levels 24 hours after endovascular procedure.
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An Explanation for the Adiponectin Paradox. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121266. [PMID: 34959666 PMCID: PMC8703455 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipokine adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity. Functional signal transduction of adiponectin requires at least one of the receptors AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, but additionally the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule, T-cadherin. Overnutrition causes a reduction in adiponectin synthesis and an increase in the circulating levels of the enzyme glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase D (GPI-PLD). GPI-PLD promotes the hydrolysis of T-cadherin. The functional consequence of T-cadherin hydrolysis is a reduction in adiponectin sequestration by responsive tissues, an augmentation of adiponectin levels in circulation and a (further) reduction in signal transduction. This process creates the paradoxical situation that adiponectin levels are augmented, whereas the adiponectin signal transduction and insulin sensitivity remain strongly impaired. Although both hypoadiponectinemia and hyperadiponectinemia reflect a situation of insulin resistance, the treatments are likely to be different.
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Christen T, de Mutsert R, Lamb HJ, van Dijk KW, le Cessie S, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Trompet S. Mendelian randomization study of the relation between adiponectin and heart function, unravelling the paradox. Peptides 2021; 146:170664. [PMID: 34597752 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High adiponectin concentrations are generally regarded as beneficial with regard to cardiometabolic health, but have been paradoxically associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, specifically heart failure, in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the association between adiponectin and heart function parameters, and inversely, we estimated the effect of genetically-determined heart function and NT-proBNP as the main marker of heart failure on adiponectin using Mendelian randomisation. Observational analyses between adiponectin and measures of heart function, i.e. E/A ratio, left, and right ventricular ejection fraction, were performed in participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, assessed by MRI of the heart (n = 1,138). Two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of NT-proBNP and heart function on adiponectin concentrations using publicly-available summary statistics (ADIPOGen; the PLATO trial). The mean (standard deviation) age was 56 (6) years and mean body mass index was 26 (4) kg/m2. Per five μg/mL higher adiponectin, the E/A ratio was -0.05 (95 % CI: -0.10, -0.01) lower, left ventricle ejection fraction was -0.5 % (95 % CI: -1.1, 0.1) lower, and right ventricle ejection fraction was 0.5 % (95 % CI: -0.1, 1.2) higher. Genetically-determined NT-proBNP was causally related to adiponectin concentrations in ADIPOGen: per doubling of genetically-determined NT-proBNP, adiponectin concentrations were 11.4 % (95 % CI: 1.7, 21.6) higher. With causal MR methods we showed that NT-proBNP affects adiponectin concentrations, while adiponectin is not associated with heart function parameters. Therefore, reverse causation may explain the adiponectin paradox observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands.
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