1
|
Donate-Correa J, González-Luis A, Díaz-Vera J, Hernandez-Fernaud JR. MicroRNA-630: A promising avenue for alleviating inflammation in diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1398-1403. [PMID: 39099820 PMCID: PMC11292322 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the complications of diabetes, affecting millions of people worldwide. The relentless progression of this condition can lead to kidney failure, requiring life-altering interventions such as dialysis or transplants. Accumulating evidence suggests that immunologic and inflammatory elements play an important role in initiating and perpetuating the damage inflicted on renal tissues, exacerbating the decline in organ function. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of receptors that play a role in the activation of the innate immune system by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recent data from in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the critical role of TLRs, mainly TLR2 and TLR4, in the pathogenesis of DKD. In the diabetic milieu, these TLRs recognize diabetic-associated molecular signals, triggering a proinflammatory cascade that initiates and perpetuates inflammation and fibrogenesis in the diabetic kidney. Emerging non-traditional strategies targeting TLR signaling with potential therapeutic implications in DKD have been pro-posed. One of these approaches is the use of microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. This editorial comments on the results of this approach carried out in a rat model of diabetes by Wu et al, published in this issue of the World Journal of Diabetes. The results of the experimental study by Wu et al shows that microRNA-630 decreased levels compared to non-diabetic rats. Additionally, microRNA-630 exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys of diabetic rats through the modulation of TLR4. These findings indicate that the microRNA-630/TLR4 axis might represent a pathological mechanism of DKD and a potential therapeutic target capable of curbing the destructive inflammation characteristic of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (UHNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Ainhoa González-Luis
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (UHNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Jésica Díaz-Vera
- Research Unit, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (UHNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Hernandez-Fernaud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38000, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng X, Zhou X, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Li F, Mi W, Gao J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Wang M, Wang W, Li W. Treatment with immunosuppressants did not increase the risk of COVID-19 in pemphigus patients: A single-center survey-based study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112307. [PMID: 38796966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and outcomes of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) among patients using glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants remain controversial. AIM The study aims to investigate the impact of immunosuppressants especially glucocorticoids on patients in the Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Cohort of West China Hospital (AIBDWCH) during COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 7, 2022, to February 8, 2023, using questionnaires administered either face-to-face or by phone. COVID-19 cases were classified as confirmed, probable, or suspected according to World Health Organization criteria. Patients were divided into Group A (confirmed and probable cases) and Group B (suspected and other cases). The impact of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents on COVID-19 disease and progression was evaluated with logistic regression models. RESULTS This study included 111 patients with pemphigus. Overweight patients had a reduced risk of confirmed COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 0.35 [95 % CI 0.13-0.97], p = 0.045). Patients treated with a medium dose of prednisone during the pandemic had a lower incidence of COVID-19 compared to those on low doses, though the difference was not statistically significant. No independent effects of age, sex, comorbidities, and therapies were observed. No significant differences were found in COVID-19 symptoms among different therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with immunosuppressants, particularly glucocorticoids at low-to-medium doses, did not elevate COVID-19 risk in pemphigus patients. Consistent outcomes across treatments confirm the safety of these therapies during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Feng
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingli Zhou
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyao Mi
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingya Gao
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center and Cochrane China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center and Cochrane China Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan S, Chen L, Li N, Wei X, Wang J, Dong W, Wang Y, Shi J, Ding X, Peng Y. Effect of Akkermansia muciniphila on pancreatic islet β-cell function in rats with prediabetes mellitus induced by a high-fat diet. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:51. [PMID: 38763955 PMCID: PMC11102893 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is an important stage in the development of diabetes. It is necessary to find a safe, effective and sustainable way to delay and reverse the progression of prediabetes. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is one of the key bacteria associated with glucose metabolism. Recent studies mainly focus on the effect of A. muciniphila on obesity and insulin resistance, but there is no research on the effect of A. muciniphila on pancreatic β-cell function and its mechanism in prediabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of A. muciniphila on β-cell function, apoptosis and differentiation, as well as its effects on the gut microbiome, intestinal barrier, metaflammation and the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced prediabetic rat model. The effect of A. muciniphila was compared with dietary intervention. The results showed both A. muciniphila treatment and dietary intervention can reduce metaflammation by repairing the intestinal barrier in rats with prediabetes induced by an HFD and improve β-cell secretory function, apoptosis and differentiation through signaling pathways mediated by TLR2 and TLR4. Additionally, A. muciniphila can further elevate β-cell secretion, attenuate apoptosis and improve differentiation and the TLR signaling pathway on the basis of diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Weiping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jianxia Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taguchi R, Yamaguchi-Tanaka M, Takagi K, Sato A, Miki Y, Miyashita M, Suzuki T. Clinicopathological Significance and Prognostic Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Breast Cancer. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:75-83. [PMID: 38695037 PMCID: PMC11058461 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.24-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), released into extracellular space during cellular stress. Extracellular HMGB1 act as signal molecules through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 or TLR4, exerting diverse functions in both normal cells and malignant cells including breast cancer. However, their comprehensive examination in breast cancer tissues is lacking. Thus, we immunolocalized them in 112 breast cancer tissues, correlating their immunoreactivity with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes to clarify their significance in breast cancer. We demonstrated that nuclear HMGB1 immunoreactivity was correlated with tumor progression and longer disease-free survival. In contrast, TLR2 immunoreactivity was correlated with increased cell proliferation and shorter disease-free survival, dependent on cytoplasmic HMGB1 immunoreactivity. Additionally, TLR4 immunoreactivity correlated with chemoresistance, regardless of cytoplasmic HMGB1 immunoreactivity. It was therefore considered that TLR2 collaboratively contributed to breast cancer progression with HMGB1-DAMPs to become a worse prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TLR4 served as a worse prognostic factor associated with chemoresistance, irrespective of HMGB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Taguchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| | - Mio Yamaguchi-Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
- Department of Personalized Medicine Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| | - Ai Sato
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nihei W, Kato A, Himeno T, Kondo M, Nakamura J, Kamiya H, Sango K, Kato K. Hyperglycaemia Aggravates Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Schwann Cell Death via Hyperactivation of Toll-like Receptor 4. Neurol Int 2024; 16:370-379. [PMID: 38525707 PMCID: PMC10961767 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased low-density lipoprotein levels are risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated metabolic stress, leading to oxidised low-density lipoprotein formation. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy in diabetes complicated by dyslipidaemia with increased levels of oxidised low-density lipoprotein. Here, we examined the effects of hyperglycaemia and oxidised low-density lipoprotein treatment on Schwann cell death and its underlying mechanisms. Immortalised mouse Schwann cells were treated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein under normo- or hyperglycaemic conditions. We observed that oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced cell death increased under hyperglycaemic conditions compared with normoglycaemic conditions. Moreover, hyperglycaemia and oxidised low-density lipoprotein treatment synergistically upregulated the gene and protein expression of toll-like receptor 4. Pre-treatment with TAK-242, a selective toll-like receptor 4 signalling inhibitor, attenuated hyperglycaemia- and oxidised low-density lipoprotein-induced cell death and apoptotic caspase-3 pathway. Our findings suggest that the hyperactivation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling by hyperglycaemia and elevated oxidised low-density lipoprotein levels synergistically exacerbated diabetic neuropathy; thus, it can be a potential therapeutic target for diabetic neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nihei
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (W.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Ayako Kato
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (W.N.); (A.K.)
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (M.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (M.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan;
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan (M.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; (W.N.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan J, Wang Y, Gao J, Zhang X, Xing J. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Alleviates Inflammatory Response and Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Mice With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Physiol Res 2024; 73:57-68. [PMID: 38466005 PMCID: PMC11019622 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on insulin resistance in pregnant mice with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and underlying mechanism. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and the newly gestated were selected and injected with streptozotocin for GDM modeling. We demonstrated that the fasting insulin levels (FINS) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in serum and blood glucose level were significantly higher in GDM group than in normal control (NC) group. The low or high dose of EPA intervention reduced these levels, and the effect of high dose intervention was more significant. The area under the curve in GDM group was higher than that of NC group, and then gradually decreased after low or high dose of EPA treatment. The serum levels of TC, TG and LDL were increased in GDM group, while decreased in EPA group. GDM induced down-regulation of HDL level, and the low or high dose of EPA gradually increased this level. The levels of p-AKT2Ser, p-IRS-1Tyr, GLUT4, and ratios of pIRS-1Tyr/IRS-1 and pAKT2Ser/AKT2 in gastrocnemius muscle were reduced in GDM group, while low or high dose of EPA progressively increased these alterations. GDM enhanced TLR4, NF-kappaB p65, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in placental tissues, and these expressions were declined at different dose of EPA, and the decrease was greater at high dose. We concluded that EPA receded the release of inflammatory factors in the placental tissues by inhibiting the activation of TLR4 signaling, thereby alleviating the IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Lubei District, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eisa NH, Helmy SA, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbiny NM. Pramipexole protects against diabetic neuropathy: Effect on oxidative stress, TLR4/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB and downstream inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111514. [PMID: 38199193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by neurodegeneration of terminal sensory nerve fibers with subsequent pain, loss of sensation, and paresthesia, thus compromising the quality of life of diabetic patients. It is considered the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations worldwide, reflecting the insufficiency of current therapies. Pramipexole (PPX) is a dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The current study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of PPX in an experimental model of DN. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, Normal + PPX (1 mg/kg) group, STZ control, STZ + PPX (0.25 and 1 mg/kg/day for eight weeks). The neuroprotective effect of PPX in rats was evaluated in terms of sciatic nerve histological alterations, oxidative stress, and protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB axis and downstream inflammatory mediators. RESULTS PPX administration ameliorated histopathological signs of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Additionally, PPX attenuated STZ-induced sciatic nerve oxidative stress and downregulated neural tissue expression of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK-1, TRAF-6, NF-κB and downstream mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1). CONCLUSION Collectively, the current study sheds light on PPX as a potential protective medication to alleviate neuropathy progression in diabetic patients. PPX neuroprotective effect can be attributed to modulating TLR4/ MyD88/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/ NF-κB axis signaling in nerve tissues with subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Helmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roy R, Mahmud F, Zayas J, Kuzel TM, Reiser J, Shafikhani SH. Reduced Bioactive Microbial Products (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) Contribute to Dysregulated Immune Responses and Impaired Healing in Infected Wounds in Mice with Diabetes. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:387-397.e11. [PMID: 37619833 PMCID: PMC10840742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic chronic ulcers are plagued with persistent nonresolving inflammation. However, diabetic wound environment early after injury suffers from inadequate inflammatory responses due to reductions in proinflammatory cytokines levels. Diabetic neutrophils have known impairments in bactericidal functions. We hypothesized that reduced bacterial killing by diabetic neutrophils, due to their bactericidal functional impairments, results in reduced bioactive bacterial products, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which in turn contribute to reduced signaling through toll-like receptors, leading to inadequate production of proinflammatory cytokines in infected diabetic wound early after injury. We tested our hypothesis in db/db type 2 obese diabetic mouse wound infection model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our data indicate that despite substantially higher levels of infection, toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling is reduced in diabetic wounds early after injury owing to reduced bioactive levels of lipopolysaccharide. We further demonstrate that topical treatment with lipopolysaccharide enhances toll-like receptor 4 signaling, increases proinflammatory cytokine production, restores leukocyte trafficking, reduces infection burden, and stimulates healing in diabetic wounds. We posit that lipopolysaccharide may be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers if it is applied topically after the surgical debridement process, which is intended to reset chronic ulcers into acute fresh wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Roy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Foyez Mahmud
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet Zayas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy M Kuzel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sasha H Shafikhani
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao X, Zheng J, Wang J, Li B, Huang W. Inhibition of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia by Blocking Toll-like Receptor 4: Comparison of Wild-Type and Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Knockout Mice on Obesity and Diabetes Modeling. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38275739 PMCID: PMC10813444 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Innate immune receptor TLR4 plays an important role in glycolipid metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of blocking TLR4 on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by comparing WT and TLR4-/- mice in obesity and diabetes modeling. The knockout of the TLR4 gene could prevent weight gain induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)/high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSHFD), and the differences in the responses existed between the sexes. It extends the time required to reach the obesity criteria. However, when mice were injected with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) after being fed by HSHFD for two months, TLR4-/- mice exhibited less weight loss than WT. Blocking TLR4 alleviated the changes in body weight and blood glucose, consequently reducing the efficiency of diabetes modeling, especially for male mice. Additionally, male TLR4-/- obese mice exhibit lower total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in serum and less formation of fat droplets in the liver compared to WT. On the other hand, the knockout of TLR4 significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of male mice. This study should provide new insights into the role of TLR4, as well as opportunities to target novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhao
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Jiawei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Z, Annarapu G, Yazdani HO, Wang Q, Liu S, Luo JH, Yu YP, Ren B, Neal MD, Monga SP, Mota Alvidrez RI. Restoring glucose balance: Conditional HMGB1 knockdown mitigates hyperglycemia in a Streptozotocin induced mouse model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23561. [PMID: 38187339 PMCID: PMC10770459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant global health burden, with hyperglycemia being a primary contributor to complications and high morbidity associated with this disorder. Existing glucose management strategies have shown suboptimal effectiveness, necessitating alternative approaches. In this study, we explored the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in hyperglycemia, a protein implicated in initiating inflammation and strongly correlated with DM onset and progression. We hypothesized that HMGB1 knockdown will mitigate hyperglycemia severity and enhance glucose tolerance. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a novel inducible HMGB1 knockout (iHMGB1 KO) mouse model exhibiting systemic HMGB1 knockdown. Hyperglycemic phenotype was induced using low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections, followed by longitudinal glucose measurements and oral glucose tolerance tests to evaluate the effect of HMGB1 knockdown on glucose metabolism. Our findings showed a substantial reduction in glucose levels and enhanced glucose tolerance in HMGB1 knockdown mice. Additionally, we performed RNA sequencing analyses, which identified potential alternations in genes and molecular pathways within the liver and skeletal muscle tissue that may account for the in vivo phenotypic changes observed in hyperglycemic mice following HMGB1 knockdown. In conclusion, our present study delivers the first direct evidence of a causal relationship between systemic HMGB1 knockdown and hyperglycemia in vivo, an association that had remained unexamined prior to this research. This discovery positions HMGB1 knockdown as a potentially efficacious therapeutic target for addressing hyperglycemia and, by extension, the DM epidemic. Furthermore, we have revealed potential underlying mechanisms, establishing the essential groundwork for subsequent in-depth mechanistic investigations focused on further elucidating and harnessing the promising therapeutic potential of HMGB1 in DM management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gowtham Annarapu
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hamza O. Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qinge Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yan-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Baoguo Ren
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Roberto Ivan Mota Alvidrez
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang M, Zhang C. The role of innate immunity in diabetic nephropathy and their therapeutic consequences. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:39-51. [PMID: 38352948 PMCID: PMC10859537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an enduring condition that leads to inflammation and affects a substantial number of individuals with diabetes worldwide. A gradual reduction in glomerular filtration and emergence of proteins in the urine are typical aspects of DN, ultimately resulting in renal failure. Mounting evidence suggests that immunological and inflammatory factors are crucial for the development of DN. Therefore, the activation of innate immunity by resident renal and immune cells is critical for initiating and perpetuating inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important group of receptors that identify patterns and activate immune responses and inflammation. Meanwhile, inflammatory responses in the liver, pancreatic islets, and kidneys involve inflammasomes and chemokines that generate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the activation of the complement cascade can be triggered by glycated proteins. This review highlights recent findings elucidating how the innate immune system contributes to tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction, ultimately leading to renal failure. This review also discusses innovative approaches that can be utilized to modulate the innate immune responses in DN for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Shamsnia HS, Kashani AS, Rostamian F, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. Sodium Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2Is)-TLRs Axis Modulates Diabetes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:599-613. [PMID: 37658280 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it's believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sadat Shamsnia
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Sabbagh Kashani
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamian
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu F, Chen H, Cao C, Liang Y, Zhou Y. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their therapeutic applications in glomerulonephritis. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2845-2856. [PMID: 37060433 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important features of innate immunity is the presence of a special group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) called toll-like receptors (TLRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in a quick and effective immune response to them. Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the most important categories of renal disorders characterized by destructive responses of the immune system to the glomerulus. To date, the association of TLRs as important innate immune system members with GN has been one of the topics that attracted the attention of researchers in this field. However, the exact role of these receptors in the immunopathogenesis of GN has not yet been fully discussed. Therefore, this study aims to overview the role of TLRs in GN and the possibility of using them as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Liu
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Caixia Cao
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hemodialysis Room, Nanchang First Hospital, No. 128, Xiangshan North Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Lemos Muller CH, Schroeder HT, Rodrigues-Krause J, Krause M. Extra and intra cellular HSP70 levels in adults with and without metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:761-771. [PMID: 37495770 PMCID: PMC10746644 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MS) are related to chronic pro-inflammatory conditions. Evidence suggests that heat shock proteins are linked to metabolic disorders. Intracellular HSP70 (iHSP70) is mandatory for normal insulin signalling, and proteostasis, and exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory role. On the other hand, the extracellular (eHSP72) is linked with a pro-inflammatory state and induces insulin resistance in humans. Then, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarize the data of HSP70 in people with and without metabolic disorders. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used. Eligibility criteria included observational and baseline data of experimental studies that assessed iHSP70 and/or eHSP72 in adults with metabolic disorders and healthy people. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model and the mean difference was estimated for eHSP72 and the standardized mean difference for iHSP70. A total of 11,255 articles were retrieved, 31 articles were assessed for eligibility and 15 were included for data extraction. There was no difference in eHSP72 between metabolic disorders and healthy controls (mean difference (MD) = 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CIs) = -0.05 to 0.27; I2 = 95%). Subgroup analysis showed higher levels of eHSP72 in T2DM people than healthy ones (MD = 0.32; 95% CIs = 0.17 to 0.47; I2 = 92%). For iHSP70 no difference was found (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-0.24; 95% CIs =-1.62 to 1.15; I2 = 86%). Our results suggest that eHSP72 levels may be dependent on metabolic condition and no difference in iHSP70 levels are attributed to high heterogeneity level between studies (PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022323514).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique de Lemos Muller
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício (LAPIMEX) E Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício (LAPIMEX) E Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Josianne Rodrigues-Krause
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia E Dança (ESEFID), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-200, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Sogipa Faculty, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Krause
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Inflamação, Metabolismo e Exercício (LAPIMEX) E Laboratório de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xue C, Chen K, Gao Z, Bao T, Dong L, Zhao L, Tong X, Li X. Common mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications: focus on the interaction of metabolic disorders, immuno-inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:298. [PMID: 37904236 PMCID: PMC10614351 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications (DVCs), including macro- and micro- angiopathy, account for a high percentage of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial and role step for the pathogenesis of DVCs. Hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism disorders contribute to endothelial dysfunction via direct injury of metabolism products, crosstalk between immunity and inflammation, as well as related interaction network. Although physiological and phenotypic differences support their specified changes in different targeted organs, there are still several common mechanisms underlying DVCs. Also, inhibitors of these common mechanisms may decrease the incidence of DVCs effectively. Thus, this review may provide new insights into the possible measures for the secondary prevention of DM. And we discussed the current limitations of those present preventive measures in DVCs research. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiang Xue
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - LiShuo Dong
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu C, Ha X, Yang S, Tian X, Jiang H. Advances in understanding and treating diabetic kidney disease: focus on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232790. [PMID: 37859992 PMCID: PMC10583558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Despite its significant impact, most research has concentrated on the glomerulus, with little attention paid to the tubulointerstitial region, which accounts for the majority of the kidney volume. DKD's tubulointerstitial lesions are characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of kidney function, and recent studies indicate that these lesions may occur earlier than glomerular lesions. Evidence has shown that inflammatory mechanisms in the tubulointerstitium play a critical role in the development and progression of these lesions. Apart from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade, Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors and new types of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have emerged as effective ways to treat DKD. Moreover, researchers have proposed potential targeted therapies, such as inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating T cells and macrophages, among others. These therapies have demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials, suggesting their potential to treat DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions effectively. Understanding the immune-inflammatory mechanisms underlying DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions and developing targeted therapies could significantly improve the treatment and management of DKD. This review summarizes the latest advances in this field, highlighting the importance of focusing on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms to improve DKD outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengren Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaowen Ha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hong Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodrigues E-Lacerda R, Fang H, Robin N, Bhatwa A, Marko DM, Schertzer JD. Microbiota and Nod-like receptors balance inflammation and metabolism during obesity and diabetes. Biomed J 2023; 46:100610. [PMID: 37263539 PMCID: PMC10505681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota influence host immunity and metabolism during obesity. Bacterial sensors of the innate immune system relay signals from specific bacterial components (i.e., postbiotics) that can have opposing outcomes on host metabolic inflammation. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) such as Nod1 and Nod2 both recruit receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) but have opposite effects on blood glucose control. Nod1 connects bacterial cell wall-derived signals to metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance, whereas Nod2 can promote immune tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and better blood glucose control during obesity. NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) inflammasomes can also generate divergent metabolic outcomes. NLRP1 protects against obesity and metabolic inflammation potentially because of a bias toward IL-18 regulation, whereas NLRP3 appears to have a bias toward IL-1β-mediated metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Targeting specific postbiotics that improve immunometabolism is a key goal. The Nod2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a short-acting insulin sensitizer during obesity or during inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress. LPS with underacylated lipid-A antagonizes TLR4 and counteracts the metabolic effects of inflammatory LPS. Providing underacylated LPS derived from Rhodobacter sphaeroides improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Therefore, certain types of LPS can generate metabolically beneficial metabolic endotoxemia. Engaging protective adaptive immunoglobulin immune responses can also improve blood glucose during obesity. A bacterial vaccine approach using an extract of the entire bacterial community in the upper gut promotes protective adaptive immune response and long-lasting improvements in blood glucose control. A key future goal is to identify and combine postbiotics that cooperate to improve blood glucose control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodrigues E-Lacerda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, And Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, And Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazli Robin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, And Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arshpreet Bhatwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, And Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel M Marko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, And Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, And Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu C, Zhang P, Zhang L, Lin D, Lai H, Xiao D, Liu Y, Zhuang R, Li M, Ma L, Ye J, Pan Y. Molecular targets and mechanisms of Guanxinning tablet in treating atherosclerosis: Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35106. [PMID: 37773840 PMCID: PMC10545342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanxinning tablet (GXNT), a Chinese patent medicine, is composed of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and ligusticum striatum DC, which may play the role of endothelial protection through many pathways. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of GXNT against atherosclerosis (AS) through network pharmacology and molecular docking verification. METHODS The active ingredients and their potential targets of GXNT were obtained in traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform and bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine databases. DrugBank, TTD, DisGeNET, OMIM, and GeneCards databases were used to screen the targets of AS. The intersection targets gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis were performed in DAVID database. GXNT-AS protein-protein interaction network, ingredient-target network and herb-target-pathway network were constructed by Cytoscape. Finally, we used AutoDock for molecular docking. RESULTS We screened 65 active ingredients of GXNT and 70 GXNT-AS intersection targets. The key targets of protein-protein interaction network were AKT1, JUN, STAT3, TNF, TP53, IL6, EGFR, MAPK14, RELA, and CASP3. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the main pathways. The ingredient-target network showed that the key ingredients were luteolin, tanshinone IIA, myricanone, dihydrotanshinlactone, dan-shexinkum d, 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione, miltionone I, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, Isotanshinone II and 4-methylenemiltirone. The results of molecular docking showed that tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinlactone, dan-shexinkum d, 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione, miltionone I, deoxyneocryptotanshinone, Isotanshinone II and 4-methylenemiltirone all had good binding interactions with AKT1, EGFR and MAPK14. CONCLUSION The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that the multiple ingredients within GXNT may confer protective effects on the vascular endothelium against AS through multitarget and multichannel mechanisms. AKT1, EGFR and MAPK14 were the core potential targets of GXNT against AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dingfeng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cho KH, Kim JE, Nam HS, Kang DJ, Baek SH. Comparison of Policosanols via Incorporation into Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins: Cuban Policosanol (Raydel ®) Exerts the Highest Antioxidant, Anti-Glycation, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6715. [PMID: 37764492 PMCID: PMC10535602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) containing each policosanol from Cuba (Raydel®), China (Shaanxi Pioneer), and the United States (Lesstanol®) were synthesized to compare the physiological properties of policosanol depending on sources and origin countries. After synthesis with apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I) into rHDL, all policosanols bound well with phospholipid and apoA-I to form discoidal rHDL. An rHDL containing Cuban policosanol (rHDL-1) showed the largest rHDL particle size of around 83 ± 3 nm, while rHDL containing Chinese policosanol (rHDL-2) or American policosanol (rHDL-3) showed smaller particles around 63 ± 3 nm and 60 ± 2 nm in diameter, respectively. The rHDL-1 showed the strongest anti-glycation activity to protect the apoA-I degradation of HDL from fructose-mediated glycation: approximately 2.7-times higher ability to suppress glycation and 1.4-times higher protection ability of apoA-I than that of rHDL-2 and rHDL-3. The rHDL-1 showed the highest antioxidant ability to inhibit cupric ion-mediated LDL oxidation in electromobility and the quantification of oxidized species. A microinjection of each rHDL into a zebrafish embryo in the presence of carboxymethyllysine (CML) showed that rHDL-1 displayed the strongest anti-oxidant activity with the highest embryo survivability, whereas rHDL-2 and rHDL-3 showed much weaker protection ability, similar to rHDL alone (rHDL-0). An intraperitoneal injection of CML (250 μg) into adult zebrafish caused acute death and hyperinflammation with an elevation of infiltration of neutrophils and IL-6 production in the liver. On the other hand, a co-injection of rHDL-1 resulted in the highest survivability and the strongest anti-inflammatory ability to suppress IL-6 production with an improvement of the blood lipid profile, such as elevation of HDL-C and lowering of the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride. In conclusion, Cuban policosanol exhibited the most desirable properties for the in vitro synthesis of rHDL with the stabilization of apoA-I, the largest particle size, anti-glycation against fructation, and antioxidant activities to prevent LDL oxidation. Cuban policosanol in rHDL also exhibited the strongest in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with the highest survivability in zebrafish embryos and adults via the prevention of hyperinflammation in the presence of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.K.); (H.-S.N.); (D.-J.K.); (S.-H.B.)
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.K.); (H.-S.N.); (D.-J.K.); (S.-H.B.)
| | - Hyo-Seon Nam
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.K.); (H.-S.N.); (D.-J.K.); (S.-H.B.)
| | - Dae-Jin Kang
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.K.); (H.-S.N.); (D.-J.K.); (S.-H.B.)
| | - Seung-Hee Baek
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.-E.K.); (H.-S.N.); (D.-J.K.); (S.-H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bai Y, Min R, Chen P, Mei S, Deng F, Zheng Z, Jiang C, Miao R, Wu Z, Zhang P, Pan Y, Lieberman J, Liu X. Disulfiram blocks inflammatory TLR4 signaling by targeting MD-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306399120. [PMID: 37487070 PMCID: PMC10401014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306399120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) sensing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the most potent pathogen-associated molecular pattern of gram-negative bacteria, activates NF-κB and Irf3, which induces inflammatory cytokines and interferons that trigger an intense inflammatory response, which is critical for host defense but can also cause serious inflammatory pathology, including sepsis. Although TLR4 inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for suppressing overexuberant inflammatory signaling, previously identified TLR4 antagonists have not shown any clinical benefit. Here, we identify disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug for alcoholism, as a specific inhibitor of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. TLR4 cell surface expression, LPS sensing, dimerization and signaling depend on TLR4 binding to MD-2. DSF and other cysteine-reactive drugs, previously shown to block LPS-triggered inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis), inhibit TLR4 signaling by covalently modifying Cys133 of MD-2, a key conserved residue that mediates TLR4 sensing and signaling. DSF blocks LPS-triggered inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and interferon production by macrophages in vitro. In the aggressive N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in which TLR4 plays an important role, DSF markedly suppresses neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron loss, and restores motor function. Our findings identify a role for DSF in curbing TLR4-mediated inflammation and suggest that DSF and other drugs that target MD-2 might be useful for treating PD and other diseases in which inflammation contributes importantly to pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Rui Min
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Fan Deng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zengzhang Zheng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai200052, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Zeyu Wu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Youdong Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Xing Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
- Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai200052, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Castro-Sepulveda M, Tuñón-Suárez M, Rosales-Soto G, Vargas-Foitzick R, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H. Regulation of mitochondrial morphology and cristae architecture by the TLR4 pathway in human skeletal muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1212779. [PMID: 37435031 PMCID: PMC10332154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1212779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle (SkM), a reduced mitochondrial elongate phenotype is associated with several metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms contributing to this reduction in mitochondrial elongate phenotype in SkM have not been fully elucidated. It has recently been shown in a SkM cell line that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial morphology. However, this has not been investigated in human SkM. Here we found that in human SkM biopsies, TLR4 protein correlated negatively with Opa1 (pro-mitochondrial fusion protein). Moreover, the incubation of human myotubes with LPS reduced mitochondrial size and elongation and induced abnormal mitochondrial cristae, which was prevented with the co-incubation of LPS with TAK242. Finally, T2DM myotubes were found to have reduced mitochondrial elongation and mitochondrial cristae density. Mitochondrial morphology, membrane structure, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were restored to healthy levels in T2DM myotubes treated with TAK242. In conclusion, mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial cristae seem to be regulated by the TLR4 pathway in human SkM. Those mitochondrial alterations might potentially contribute to insulin resistance in the SkM of patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanni Rosales-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Bellavista, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald Vargas-Foitzick
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bisht MK, Dahiya P, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. The cause-effect relation of tuberculosis on incidence of diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1134036. [PMID: 37434784 PMCID: PMC10330781 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest human diseases and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity across the Globe. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causal agent of TB is one of the most successful pathogens known to mankind. Malnutrition, smoking, co-infection with other pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or conditions like diabetes further aggravate the tuberculosis pathogenesis. The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis is well known and the immune-metabolic changes during diabetes are known to cause increased susceptibility to tuberculosis. Many epidemiological studies suggest the occurrence of hyperglycemia during active TB leading to impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects is not well understood. In this review, we have described possible causal factors like inflammation, host metabolic changes triggered by tuberculosis that could contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have also discussed therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes during TB, which may help in designing future strategies to cope with TB-DM cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Bisht
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Dahiya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sangita Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wątroba M, Grabowska AD, Szukiewicz D. Effects of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Dysglycemia on the Functions of Blood-Brain Barrier and the Risk of Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10069. [PMID: 37373216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide, and its long-term complications include neuropathy, referring both to the peripheral and to the central nervous system. Detrimental effects of dysglycemia, especially hyperglycemia, on the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), seem to be a significant backgrounds of diabetic neuropathy pertaining to the central nervous system (CNS). Effects of hyperglycemia, including excessive glucose influx to insulin-independent cells, may induce oxidative stress and secondary innate immunity dependent inflammatory response, which can damage cells within the CNS, thus promoting neurodegeneration and dementia. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) may exert similar, pro-inflammatory effects through activating receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), as well as some pattern-recognition receptors (PRR). Moreover, long-term hyperglycemia can promote brain insulin resistance, which may in turn promote Aβ aggregate accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. This review is focused on a detailed analysis of the effects mentioned above towards the CNS, with special regard to mechanisms taking part in the pathogenesis of central long-term complications of diabetes mellitus initiated by the loss of BBB integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wątroba
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna D Grabowska
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cohen H, Wani NA, Ben Hur D, Migliolo L, Cardoso MH, Porat Z, Shimoni E, Franco OL, Shai Y. Interaction of Pexiganan (MSI-78)-Derived Analogues Reduces Inflammation and TLR4-Mediated Cytokine Secretion: A Comparative Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17856-17868. [PMID: 37251186 PMCID: PMC10210221 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have increased the prevalence of sepsis and septic shock mortality worldwide and have become a global concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show remarkable properties for developing new antimicrobial agents and host response modulatory therapies. A new series of AMPs derived from pexiganan (MSI-78) were synthesized. The positively charged amino acids were segregated at their N- and C-termini, and the rest of the amino acids created a hydrophobic core surrounded by positive charges and were modified to simulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The peptides were investigated for their antimicrobial activity and LPS-induced cytokine release inhibition profile. Various biochemical and biophysical methods were used, including attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and electron microscopy. Two new AMPs, MSI-Seg-F2F and MSI-N7K, preserved their neutralizing endotoxin activity while reducing toxicity and hemolytic activity. Combining all of these properties makes the designed peptides potential candidates to eradicate bacterial infection and detoxify LPS, which might be useful for sepsis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Cohen
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naiem Ahmad Wani
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Ben Hur
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Departamento
de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Marlon H. Cardoso
- S-Inova,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, MS, Brazil
- Centro
de
Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação
em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, DF, Brazil
- Instituto
de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade
Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ziv Porat
- The
Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Departamento
de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- S-Inova,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, MS, Brazil
- Centro
de
Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação
em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, DF, Brazil
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sanjurjo L, Castelblanco E, Julve J, Villalmanzo N, Téllez É, Ramirez-Morros A, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Sarrias MR. Contribution of Elevated Glucose and Oxidized LDL to Macrophage Inflammation: A Role for PRAS40/Akt-Dependent Shedding of Soluble CD14. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051083. [PMID: 37237950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a process in which macrophages play a key role, is accelerated in diabetes. Elevated concentrations of serum-oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) represent a common feature of both conditions. The main goal of this study was to determine the contribution of oxLDL to the inflammatory response of macrophages exposed to diabetic-mimicking conditions. THP1 cells and peripheral blood monocytes purified from non-diabetic healthy donors were cultured under normal (5 mM) or high glucose (HG) (15 mM) with oxLDL. Then, foam cell formation, expression of CD80, HLADR, CD23, CD206, and CD163, as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and co-receptors CD36 and CD14 (both at the cell surface and soluble (sCD14)), and inflammatory mediators' production were measured by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, or ELISA. Additionally, serum sCD14 was determined in subjects with subclinical atherosclerosis with and without diabetes by ELISA. Our results showed that oxLDL-mediated intracellular lipid accumulation via CD36 increased under HG and that HG + oxLDL enhanced TNF, IL1B, and IL8, and decreased IL10. Moreover, TLR4 was upregulated in macrophages under HG and monocytes of subjects with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, HG-oxLDL upregulated CD14 gene expression, although its total cellular protein abundance remained unaltered. sCD14 shedding via PRAS40/Akt-dependent mechanisms, with pro-inflammatory activity, was significantly increased in cultured macrophages and plasma from subjects with diabetes and subclinical atherosclerosis or hypercholesterolemia. Our data support an enhanced synergistic pro-inflammatory effect induced by HG and oxLDL in cultured human macrophages, possibly explained by increased sCD14 shedding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Group, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRHSCSP), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Villalmanzo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Ramirez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, 08272 Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Dídac Mauricio
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oda Y, Nishi H, Nangaku M. Role of Inflammation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Implications. Semin Nephrol 2023; 43:151431. [PMID: 37865982 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2023.151431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes has been understood conventionally as a consequence of intraglomerular hemodynamic changes and aberrant metabolic pathways. However, an increasing body of experimental evidence has highlighted the role of inflammatory response in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Macrophage polarization in response to specific microenvironmental stimuli affects the pathology of diabetic kidneys. The diabetic milieu also up-regulates inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, and promotes inflammatory signal transduction pathways, including inflammasomes. Therefore, from a reverse translational perspective, modulation of the inflammatory response may be the driving force of the renoprotective effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, all of which have been shown to slow disease progression. Currently, many agents that target the inflammation in the kidneys directly are evaluated in clinical trials. This article discusses recent clinical and experimental milestones in drug development for diabetic kidney disease with a perspective on inflammation in the kidneys. Such insights may enable a targeted approach to discovering novel drugs against chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Oda
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Agostini D, Gervasi M, Ferrini F, Bartolacci A, Stranieri A, Piccoli G, Barbieri E, Sestili P, Patti A, Stocchi V, Donati Zeppa S. An Integrated Approach to Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081802. [PMID: 37111021 PMCID: PMC10141535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in muscle mass and function represents one of the most problematic changes associated with aging, and has dramatic effects on autonomy and quality of life. Several factors contribute to the inexorable process of sarcopenia, such as mitochondrial and autophagy dysfunction, and the lack of regeneration capacity of satellite cells. The physiologic decline in muscle mass and in motoneuron functionality associated with aging is exacerbated by the sedentary lifestyle that accompanies elderly people. Regular physical activity is beneficial to most people, but the elderly need well-designed and carefully administered training programs that improve muscle mass and, consequently, both functional ability and quality of life. Aging also causes alteration in the gut microbiota composition associated with sarcopenia, and some advances in research have elucidated that interventions via the gut microbiota-muscle axis have the potential to ameliorate the sarcopenic phenotype. Several mechanisms are involved in vitamin D muscle atrophy protection, as demonstrated by the decreased muscular function related to vitamin D deficiency. Malnutrition, chronic inflammation, vitamin deficiencies, and an imbalance in the muscle-gut axis are just a few of the factors that can lead to sarcopenia. Supplementing the diet with antioxidants, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, proteins, kefir, and short-chain fatty acids could be potential nutritional therapies against sarcopenia. Finally, a personalized integrated strategy to counteract sarcopenia and maintain the health of skeletal muscles is suggested in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Bartolacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stranieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Science for Promotion of Quality of Life, Università Telematica San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
DeWulf B, Minsart L, Verdonk F, Kruys V, Piagnerelli M, Maze M, Saxena S. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Potential Target in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071088. [PMID: 37048161 PMCID: PMC10093266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains a challenge for intensivists that is exacerbated by lack of an effective diagnostic tool and an unambiguous definition to properly identify SAE patients. Risk factors for SAE development include age, genetic factors as well as pre-existing neuropsychiatric conditions. Sepsis due to certain infection sites/origins might be more prone to encephalopathy development than other cases. Currently, ICU management of SAE is mainly based on non-pharmacological support. Pre-clinical studies have described the role of the alarmin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the complex pathogenesis of SAE. Although there are limited data available about the role of HMGB1 in neuroinflammation following sepsis, it has been implicated in other neurologic disorders, where its translocation from the nucleus to the extracellular space has been found to trigger neuroinflammatory reactions and disrupt the blood–brain barrier. Negating the inflammatory cascade, by targeting HMGB1, may be a strategy to complement non-pharmacologic interventions directed against encephalopathy. This review describes inflammatory cascades implicating HMGB1 and strategies for its use to mitigate sepsis-induced encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram DeWulf
- Department of Anesthesia—Critical Care, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge Oostende AV, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Laurens Minsart
- Department of Anesthesia, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Saint-Antoine and Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michael Piagnerelli
- Department of Intensive Care, CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory (ULB Unit 222), CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia—Critical Care, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge Oostende AV, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ağagündüz D, Icer MA, Yesildemir O, Koçak T, Kocyigit E, Capasso R. The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:240. [PMID: 37009872 PMCID: PMC10068184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the main types of Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by dysfunctional pancreatic β-cells and/or peripheral insulin resistance, resulting in impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Genetic, metabolic, multiple lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors are known as related to high T2DM risk. Dietary lipids and lipid metabolism are significant metabolic modulators in T2DM and T2DM-related complications. Besides, accumulated evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota which plays an important role in the metabolic health of the host contributes significantly to T2DM involving impaired or improved glucose and lipid metabolism. At this point, dietary lipids may affect host physiology and health via interaction with the gut microbiota. Besides, increasing evidence in the literature suggests that lipidomics as novel parameters detected with holistic analytical techniques have important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, through various mechanisms of action including gut-brain axis modulation. A better understanding of the roles of some nutrients and lipidomics in T2DM through gut microbiota interactions will help develop new strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. The present review provides up-to-date knowledge on the roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in T2DM and some nutritional strategies in T2DM considering lipids- lipidomics and gut microbiota interactions are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Arif Icer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, 05100, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ozge Yesildemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leonard JM, Pascual JL, Kaplan LJ. Dysbiome and Its Role in Surgically Relevant Medical Disease. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2023; 24:226-231. [PMID: 37010968 PMCID: PMC10398742 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several surgically relevant conditions are directly or indirectly influenced by the human microbiome. Different microbiomes may be found within, or along, specific organs and intra-organ variation is common. Such variations include those found along the course of the gastrointestinal tract as well as those on different regions of the skin. A variety of physiologic stressors and care interventions may derange the native microbiome. A deranged microbiome is termed a dysbiome and is characterized by decreased diversity and an increase in the proportion of potentially pathogenic organisms; the elaboration of virulence factors coupled with clinical consequences defines a pathobiome. Specific conditions such as Clostridium difficile colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are tightly linked to a dysbiome or pathobiome. Additionally, massive transfusion after injury appears to derange the gastrointestinal microbiome as well. This review explores what is known about these surgically relevant clinical conditions to chart how non-surgical interventions may support surgical undertakings or potentially reduce the need for operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Leonard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Washington University in St. Lous, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jose L. Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Surgical Services, Section of Surgical Critical Care, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lewis J. Kaplan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Surgical Services, Section of Surgical Critical Care, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Ma XZ, Zhao XY, Li JJ, Ma S, Pang ZD, Xu J, Du XJ, Deng XL, Wang JH. AGEs-RAGE-KCa3.1 pathway mediates palmitic acid-induced migration of PBMCs from patients with type 2 diabetes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14823. [PMID: 37025887 PMCID: PMC10070889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Tissue infiltration by monocyte migration contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular complications in T2DM. We studied the role of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels in the palmitic acid (PA)-induced migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM patients and the influence of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). A total of 49 T2DM patients and 33 healthy subjects was recruited into this study. Using flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis as well as cell migration assay, we found that there was a significant decrease in frequency of T lymphocytes and monocytes in CD45+ leukocyte population. PA at 100 μM stimulated migration of PBMCs from T2DM individuals, which was inhibited by the specific KCa3.1 channel blocker TRAM-34 (1 μM). The PBMC migration was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin A1 chain (HbA1c) level of T2DM patients, an indicator of AGEs, and PBMCs with higher level of HbA1c showed upregulated expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 and KCa3.1 channels. In THP-1 cells, AGEs at 200 μg/ml increased protein expression of TLR 2/4 and KCa3.1 channels, and were synergistically involved in PA-induced migration through receptors of AGEs (RAGE)-mediated KCa3.1 upregulation. In conclusion, in PBMCs of T2DM patients, AGEs promotes PA-induced migration via upregulation of TLR2/4 and KCa3.1 channels.
Collapse
|
32
|
Eliuz Tipici B, Coskunpinar E, Altunkanat D, Cagatay P, Omer B, Palanduz S, Satman I, Aral F. Lactobacillus GG is associated with mucin genes expressions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03139-3. [PMID: 36997822 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that dysbiosis of gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation are important pathogenic determinants of type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus GG on glycemic control, lipid profile, inflammatory parameters, and some gene expression levels in individuals with T2DM. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 34 women, aged 30-60 years with T2DM consumed daily probiotics or placebo for 8 weeks. The probiotic group consumed 10 × 109 Cfu/day Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53,103 (LGG), approved by the TR Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock. Anthropometric measurements, food diary, fasting blood, and fecal samples were taken at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased in probiotic (p = 0.049) and placebo (p = 0.028), but there was no difference between the groups. In the probiotic group, no significant difference was observed in HbA1c, fructosamine, lipid profile, and inflammatory variables compared to baseline. In this group, with LGG supplementation, mucin 2 and 3A (MUC2 and MUC3A) gene expressions increased more than ninefolds (p = 0.046 and p = 0.008, respectively) at post-treatment. Meanwhile, there was no significant change in any of the gene expressions in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in energy, protein, dietary fiber, and cholesterol intakes between placebo and probiotic groups during the study. However, daily fat intake (p = 0.003), body weight (p = 0.014), and body fat (p = 0.015) in the probiotic group were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In this study, the effects of a single probiotic strain were investigated for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, although there was no finding that clearly reflected on the glycemic parameters of T2DM, its beneficial effects on the expression of mucin genes, which are responsible for weight loss and protection of intestinal barrier functions, cannot be denied. Further studies are needed to reveal the importance of these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: NCT05066152, October 4, 2021 retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov PRS web site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Eliuz Tipici
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ender Coskunpinar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Altunkanat
- Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Penbe Cagatay
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Omer
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Satman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferihan Aral
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fowler TE, Choudhary V, Melnyk S, Farsi M, Chang LY, Fortingo N, Chen X, Watsky MA, Bollag WB. Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Heat Shock Protein B4 (HSPB4)-Induced Inflammatory Pathways In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5839. [PMID: 36982926 PMCID: PMC10059050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work shows that dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) accelerates corneal epithelial healing in vitro and in vivo by unknown mechanisms. Prior data demonstrate that DOPG inhibits toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and inflammation induced by microbial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and by endogenous molecules upregulated in psoriatic skin, which act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate TLRs and promote inflammation. In the injured cornea, sterile inflammation can result from the release of the DAMP molecule, heat shock protein B4 (HSPB4), to contribute to delayed wound healing. Here, we show in vitro that DOPG inhibits TLR2 activation induced in response to HSPB4, as well as DAMPs that are elevated in diabetes, a disease that also slows corneal wound healing. Further, we show that the co-receptor, cluster of differentiation-14 (CD14), is necessary for PAMP/DAMP-induced activation of TLR2, as well as of TLR4. Finally, we simulated the high-glucose environment of diabetes to show that elevated glucose levels enhance TLR4 activation by a DAMP known to be upregulated in diabetes. Together, our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory actions of DOPG and support further investigation into its development as a possible therapy for corneal injury, especially in diabetic patients at high risk of vision-threatening complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Samuel Melnyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mishma Farsi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Luke Y. Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nyemkuna Fortingo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guerrero-Romero F, Castellanos-Juárez FX, Salas-Pacheco JM, Morales-Gurrola FG, Salas-Leal AC, Simental-Mendía LE. Association between the expression of TLR4, TLR2, and MyD88 with low-grade chronic inflammation in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4723-4728. [PMID: 36905405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the Toll-like receptors (TLR) that are dependent of myeloid response protein (MyD88), the TLR4 and TLR2 are directly associated with low-grade chronic inflammation; however, they are not been investigated in subjects with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the association between the expression of TLR4, TLR2, and MyD88 with low-grade chronic inflammation in individuals with MHO. METHODS AND RESULTS Men and women with obesity aged 20 to 55 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Individuals with MHO were allocated into the groups with and without low-grade chronic inflammation. Pregnancy, smoking, alcohol consumption, intense physical activity or sexual intercourse in the previous 72 h, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, thyroid disease, acute or chronic infections, renal impairment, and hepatic diseases, were exclusion criteria. The MHO phenotype was defined by a body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) plus one or none of the following cardiovascular risk factors: hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A total of 64 individuals with MHO were enrolled and allocated into the groups with (n = 37) and without (n = 27) inflammation. The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that TLR2 expression is significantly associated with inflammation in individuals with MHO. In the subsequent analysis adjusted by BMI, TLR2 expression remained associated with inflammation in individuals with MHO. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that overexpression of TLR2, but not TLR4 and MyD88, is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation in subjects with MHO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | | | - Jose M Salas-Pacheco
- Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, México
| | - Francisco G Morales-Gurrola
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo, Mexico.,Institute of Scientific Research, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango, México
| | | | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Beneficial Effect of Cuban Policosanol on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipoproteins Accompanied with Lowered Glycated Hemoglobin and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Functionalities in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial with Healthy Japanese. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065185. [PMID: 36982259 PMCID: PMC10048825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 20 mg of Cuban policosanol in blood pressure (BP) and lipid/lipoprotein parameters of healthy Japanese subjects via a placebo-controlled, randomized, and double-blinded human trial. After 12 weeks of consumption, the policosanol group showed significantly lower BP, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. The policosanol group also showed lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP) levels at week 12 than those at week 0: A decrease of up to 9% (p < 0.05), 17% (p < 0.05), and 15% (p < 0.05) was observed, respectively. The policosanol group showed significantly higher HDL-C level and HDL-C/TC (%), approximately 9.5% (p < 0.001) and 7.2% (p = 0.003), respectively, than the placebo group and a difference in the point of time and group interaction (p < 0.001). In lipoprotein analysis, the policosanol group showed a decrease in oxidation and glycation extent in VLDL and LDL with an improvement of particle shape and morphology after 12 weeks. HDL from the policosanol group showed in vitro stronger antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory abilities. In conclusion, 12 weeks of Cuban policosanolconsumption in Japanese subjects showed significant improvement in blood pressure, lipid profiles, hepatic functions, and HbA1c with enhancement of HDL functionalities.
Collapse
|
36
|
Radzyukevich YV, Kosyakova NI, Prokhorenko IR. Impact of Comorbidity of Bronchial Asthma and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Expression and Functional Activity of TLR2 and TLR4 Receptors. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020550. [PMID: 36836906 PMCID: PMC9965069 DOI: 10.3390/life13020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate the active progression of various forms of diabetes mellitus in patients with bronchial asthma (BA), but little is known about the mechanisms of comorbidity formation. TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in the progression of asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These receptors are involved in the inflammatory response to Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria, respectively, so changes in their expression may affect the predisposition of patients to bacteremia. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and functional activity of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) on peripheral blood cells of patients with BA, T2DM, and BA + T2DM. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Whole blood samples were incubated with lipopolysaccharides from E. coli (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid from S. pyogenes (LTA). The concentration of cytokines and soluble blood proteins was determined by ELISA. Patients with comorbid diseases showed a statistically significant increase in TLR2 expression on both monocytes and neutrophils compared with healthy donors and patients with BA. We found increased expression of TLR4 on the surface of blood monocytes from patients compared to donors. The activation of blood cells of patients and donors with LPS or LTA led to an increase in the expression of "fast" pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). In patients with BA, the average production of TNF-α in response to endotoxin was two times higher than in other studied groups. The reactions of blood cells in patients with T2DM and BA + T2DM did not differ significantly. The expression and functional activity of TLR2 and TLR4 on the blood cells of patients with comorbid disease were similar to those only in patients with T2DM. The greatest increase in the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in response to LPS and LTA was observed in patients with BA, which can lead to an inadequate response to bacteremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav V. Radzyukevich
- Hospital of Pushchino Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ninel I. Kosyakova
- Hospital of Pushchino Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Isabella R. Prokhorenko
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cho KH, Baek SH, Nam HS, Kim JE, Kang DJ, Na H, Zee S. Cuban Sugar Cane Wax Alcohol Exhibited Enhanced Antioxidant, Anti-Glycation and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein (rHDL) with Improved Structural and Functional Correlations: Comparison of Various Policosanols. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043186. [PMID: 36834595 PMCID: PMC9965296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Policosanols from various sources, such as sugar cane, rice bran, and insects, have been marketed to prevent dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension by increasing the blood high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. On the other hand, there has been no study on how each policosanol influences the quality of HDL particles and their functionality. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDLs) with apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and each policosanol were synthesized using the sodium cholate dialysis method to compare the policosanols in lipoprotein metabolism. Each rHDL was compared regarding the particle size and shape, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in zebrafish embryos. This study compared four policosanols including one policosanol from Cuba (Raydel® policosanol) and three policosanols from China (Xi'an Natural sugar cane, Xi'an Realin sugar cane, and Shaanxi rice bran). The synthesis of rHDLs with various policosanols (PCO) from Cuba or China using a molar ratio of 95:5:1:1 with palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC): free cholesterol (FC): apoA-I:PCO (wt:wt) showed that rHDL containing Cuban policosanol (rHDL-1) showed the largest particle size and the most distinct particle shape. The rHDL-1 showed a 23% larger particle diameter and increased apoA-I molecular weight with a 1.9 nm blue shift of the maximum wavelength fluorescence than rHDL alone (rHDL-0). Other rHDLs containing Chinese policosanols (rHDL-2, rHDL-3, and rHDL-4) showed similar particle sizes with an rHDL-0 and 1.1-1.3 nm blue shift of wavelength maximum fluorescence (WMF). Among all rHDLs, the rHDL-1 showed the strongest antioxidant ability to inhibit cupric ion-mediated LDL oxidation. The rHDL-1-treated LDL showed the most distinct band intensity and particle morphology compared with the other rHDLs. The rHDL-1 also exerted the highest anti-glycation activity to inhibit the fructose-mediated glycation of human HDL2 with the protection of apoA-I from proteolytic degradation. At the same time, other rHDLs showed a loss of anti-glycation activity with severe degradation. A microinjection of each rHDL alone showed that rHDL-1 had the highest survivability of approximately 85 ± 3%, with the fastest developmental speed and morphology. In contrast, rHDL-3 showed the lowest survivability, around 71 ± 5%, with the slowest developmental speed. A microinjection of carboxymethyllysine (CML), a pro-inflammatory advanced glycated end product, into zebrafish embryos resulted in severe embryo death of approximately 30 ± 3% and developmental defects with the slowest developmental speed. On the other hand, the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-injected embryo showed 83 ± 3% survivability. A co-injection of CML and each rHDL into adult zebrafish showed that rHDL-1 (Cuban policosanol) induced the highest survivability, around 85 ± 3%, while rHDL-0 showed 67 ± 7% survivability. In addition, rHDL-2, rHDL-3, and rHDL-4 showed 67 ± 5%, 62 ± 37, and 71 ± 6% survivability, respectively, with a slower developmental speed and morphology. In conclusion, Cuban policosanol showed the strongest ability to form rHDLs with the most distinct morphology and the largest size. The rHDL-containing Cuban policosanol (rHDL-1) showed the strongest antioxidant ability against LDL oxidation, anti-glycation activity to protect apoA-I from degradation, and the highest anti-inflammatory activity to protect embryo death under the presence of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-53-964-1990; Fax: +82-53-965-1992
| | - Seung Hee Baek
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Nam
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Kang
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejee Na
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggeun Zee
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Root-Bernstein R. From Co-Infections to Autoimmune Disease via Hyperactivated Innate Immunity: COVID-19 Autoimmune Coagulopathies, Autoimmune Myocarditis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033001. [PMID: 36769320 PMCID: PMC9917907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilia and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are two of many measures of increased inflammation in severe COVID-19 that also accompany its autoimmune complications, including coagulopathies, myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This paper integrates currently disparate measures of innate hyperactivation in severe COVID-19 and its autoimmune complications, and relates these to SARS-CoV-2 activation of innate immunity. Aggregated data include activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors, NOD leucine-rich repeat and pyrin-domain-containing receptors (NLRPs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5). SARS-CoV-2 mainly activates the virus-associated innate receptors TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, NLRP3, RIG-1 and MDA-5. Severe COVID-19, however, is characterized by additional activation of TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, NOD1 and NOD2, which are primarily responsive to bacterial antigens. The innate activation patterns in autoimmune coagulopathies, myocarditis and Kawasaki disease, or MIS-C, mimic those of severe COVID-19 rather than SARS-CoV-2 alone suggesting that autoimmunity follows combined SARS-CoV-2-bacterial infections. Viral and bacterial receptors are known to synergize to produce the increased inflammation required to support autoimmune disease pathology. Additional studies demonstrate that anti-bacterial antibodies are also required to account for known autoantigen targets in COVID-19 autoimmune complications.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zayas-Arrabal J, Alquiza A, Rodríguez-de-Yurre A, Echeazarra L, Fernández-López V, Gallego M, Casis O. Kv1.3 Channel Blockade Improves Inflammatory Profile, Reduces Cardiac Electrical Remodeling, and Prevents Arrhythmia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:63-73. [PMID: 34623540 PMCID: PMC9834174 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kv1.3 channel regulates the activity of lymphocytes, macrophages, or adipose tissue and its blockade reduces inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves insulin sensitivity in animals with metabolic syndrome and in genetically obese mice. Thus, Kv1.3 blockade could be a strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Elevated circulating levels of TNFα and IL-1b mediate the higher susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmia in type 2 diabetic rats. We hypothesized that Kv1.3 channel blockade with the psoralen PAP1 could have immunomodulatory properties that prevent QTc prolongation and reduce the risk of arrhythmia in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Type 2 diabetes was induced to Sprague-Dawley rats by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. Diabetic animals were untreated, treated with metformin, or treated with PAP1 for 4 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and cytokine levels were measured using commercial kits. ECG were recorded weekly, and an arrhythmia-inducing protocol was performed at the end of the experimental period. Action potentials were recorded in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. RESULTS In diabetic animals, PAP1 normalized glycaemia, insulin resistance, adiposity, and lipid profile. In addition, PAP1 prevented the diabetes-induced repolarization defects through reducing the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-12p70, GM-CSF, IFNγ, and TNFα. Moreover, compared to diabetic untreated and metformin-treated animals, those treated with PAP1 had the lowest risk of developing the life-threatening arrhythmia Torsade de Pointes under cardiac challenge. CONCLUSION Kv1.3 inhibition improves diabetes and diabetes-associated low-grade inflammation and cardiac electrical remodeling, resulting in more protection against cardiac arrhythmia compared to metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Zayas-Arrabal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Amaia Alquiza
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Rodríguez-de-Yurre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leyre Echeazarra
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-López
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Gallego
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Oscar Casis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Expression of Steroid Receptor RNA Activator 1 (SRA1) in the Adipose Tissue Is Associated with TLRs and IRFs in Diabesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244007. [PMID: 36552771 PMCID: PMC9776802 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor RNA activator gene (SRA1) emerges as a player in pathophysiological responses of adipose tissue (AT) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed association of the AT SRA1 expression with inflammatory cytokines/chemokines involved in metabolic derangement. However, the relationship between altered adipose expression of SRA1 and the innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as players in nutrient sensing and metabolic inflammation as well as their downstream signaling partners, including interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the association of AT SRA1 expression with TLRs, IRFs, and other TLR-downstream signaling mediators in a cohort of 108 individuals, classified based on their body mass index (BMI) as persons with normal-weight (N = 12), overweight (N = 32), and obesity (N = 64), including 55 with and 53 without T2D. The gene expression of SRA1, TLRs-2,3,4,7,8,9,10 and their downstream signaling mediators including IRFs-3,4,5, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were determined using qRT-PCR and SRA1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. AT SRA1 transcripts' expression was significantly correlated with TLRs-3,4,7, MyD88, NF-κB, and IRF5 expression in individuals with T2D, while it associated with TLR9 and TRAF6 expression in all individuals, with/without T2D. SRA1 expression associated with TLR2, IRAK1, and IRF3 expression only in individuals with obesity, regardless of diabetes status. Furthermore, TLR3/TLR7/IRAK1 and TLR3/TLR9 were identified as independent predictors of AT SRA1 expression in individuals with obesity and T2D, respectively. Overall, our data demonstrate a direct association between the AT SRA1 expression and the TLRs together with their downstream signaling partners and IRFs in individuals with obesity and/or T2D.
Collapse
|
41
|
Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Kaabi QJ, Maes M. High mobility group box 1 and Dickkopf-related protein 1 as biomarkers of glucose toxicity, atherogenicity, and lower β cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Growth Factors 2022; 40:240-253. [PMID: 36165005 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased atherogenicity and inflammatory responses, which may be related to high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). The role of HMGB1 and DKK1 in T2DM is examined in association with lipid and insulin profiles. Serum HMGB1 and DKK1 were measured in T2DM with and without hypertension and compared with controls. The results showed that HMGB1 and DKK1 are higher in T2DM irrespective of hypertension. A large part of the variance in the β-cell index and glucose toxicity was explained by the combined effects of HMGB1 and DKK1. In conclusion, both HMGB1 and DKK1 may contribute to increased atherogenicity in T2DM. Moreover, both biomarkers may cause more deficits in β-cell function and increase glucose toxicity leading to the development of more inflammation and diabetic complications. HMGB1 and the Wnt pathways are other drug targets in treating T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liang H, Sathavarodom N, Colmenares C, Gelfond J, Espinoza SE, Ganapathy V, Musi N. Effect of acute TLR4 inhibition on insulin resistance in humans. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e162291. [PMID: 36066991 PMCID: PMC9621129 DOI: 10.1172/jci162291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundStudies in cell cultures and rodents suggest that TLR4 is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, but direct data in humans are limited. We tested the hypothesis that pharmacologic blockade of TLR4 with the competitive inhibitor eritoran would improve insulin resistance in humans.MethodsIn protocol I, 10 lean, healthy individuals received the following 72-hour i.v. infusions in a randomized crossover design: saline (30 mL/h) plus vehicle; Intralipid (30 mL/h) plus vehicle; or Intralipid (30 mL/h) plus eritoran (12 mg i.v. every 12 hours). In protocol II, also a randomized crossover design, 9 nondiabetic individuals with obesity received eritoran or vehicle for 72 hours. The effect of eritoran was assessed with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps.ResultsIn protocol I, lipid infusion significantly decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity (M value) by 14% and increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentrations, and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index by 7%, 22%, and 26%, respectively. Eritoran did not prevent lipid-induced alterations of these metabolic parameters. Eritoran also failed to improve any baseline metabolic parameters (M, FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR) in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance (protocol II).ConclusionsAcute TLR4 inhibition with eritoran did not protect against lipid-induced insulin resistance. Short-term eritoran administration also failed to improve obesity-associated insulin resistance. These data do not support a role for TLR4 in insulin resistance. Future studies with a different class of TLR4 inhibitors, longer drug exposure, and/or lipid-enhancing interventions richer in saturated fats may be needed to further clarify the role of TLR4 in metabolic dysfunction in humans.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02321111 and NCT02267317.FundingNIH grants R01DK080157, P30AG044271, P30AG013319, and UL1TR002645.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nattapol Sathavarodom
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Colmenares
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and
- Department of Population Health Science, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Vinutha Ganapathy
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and
- Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
De Santis S, Crupi P, Piacente L, Mestice A, Colabufo NA, Amodio L, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Moschetta A, Clodoveo ML, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Extra virgin olive oil extract rich in secoiridoids induces an anti-inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from obese children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017090. [PMID: 36386923 PMCID: PMC9643887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health challenge of the twenty first century reaching epidemic proportions worldwide; this is especially true for the pediatric population. In this context, bioactive compounds from foods are crucial to counteract chronic inflammation as a typical feature of obesity. In particular, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most important functional foods exerting, among others, an anti-inflammatory activity not only due to its major (monounsaturated fatty acids) but also to its minor (phenolics) components, as reported in the last years. However, only a limited number of studies were performed on pediatric population, and even fewer are those focusing on EVOO phenolics that investigate the correlation of the chemical characterization with the biological function. Thus, starting from our in vitro data identifying an EVOO chemical profile characterized by a high content of secoiridoids correlating with an anti-inflammatory effect, we studied the ability of an EVOO extract with the same chemical profile to retain this function ex vivo. Specifically, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from obese children were treated with EVOO and olive oil extracts, characterized by a low polyphenol content, to study the ability of secoiridoids to dampen the inflammatory response. A reduction of pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes was detected by cytofluorimetric analysis when PBMCs were treated with EVOO as compared to olive oil extracts. According to this, a down modulation of CCL2 and CCL4 chemokines involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, was reported in the supernatants of EVOO relative to olive oil extracts treated PBMCs. Moreover, a high-throughput gene expression analysis revealed that PBMCs molecular profile from obese children is greatly modulated after the treatment with EVOO extract in terms of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Importantly, some of the significantly modulated genes were involved in the pathways promoting the development of severe obesity. Overall, our ex vivo data demonstrated the ability of EVOO to reduce the inflammatory milieu of PBMCs from obese children both at protein and molecular levels. Of note, a good correlation between the EVOO chemical profile and the biological modulations in terms of anti-inflammatory activity was reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania De Santis,
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Amodio
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Girard D, Vandiedonck C. How dysregulation of the immune system promotes diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk complications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:991716. [PMID: 36247456 PMCID: PMC9556991 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.991716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance or failure to produce insulin. Patients with DM develop microvascular complications that include chronic kidney disease and retinopathy, and macrovascular complications that mainly consist in an accelerated and more severe atherosclerosis compared to the general population, increasing the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, such as stroke or myocardial infarction by 2- to 4-fold. DM is commonly associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation that is a known causal factor in its development and its complications. Moreover, it is now well-established that inflammation and immune cells play a major role in both atherosclerosis genesis and progression, as well as in CV event occurrence. In this review, after a brief presentation of DM physiopathology and its macrovascular complications, we will describe the immune system dysregulation present in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and discuss its role in DM cardiovascular complications development. More specifically, we will review the metabolic changes and aberrant activation that occur in the immune cells driving the chronic inflammation through cytokine and chemokine secretion, thus promoting atherosclerosis onset and progression in a DM context. Finally, we will discuss how genetics and recent systemic approaches bring new insights into the mechanisms behind these inflammatory dysregulations and pave the way toward precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Girard
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Hors-Mur du Diabète, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Claire Vandiedonck
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Hors-Mur du Diabète, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Claire Vandiedonck
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang D, Li Y, Wang W, Lang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Yan J, Zhang Y. NOX1 promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction via activating the TLR2/NF-κB pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928762. [PMID: 36225554 PMCID: PMC9549956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent complication in patients with diabetes, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated a novel target, NOX1, an isoform of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase with key functional involvement in the pathophysiology of DCM. The DCM rat model was established by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections. DCM rats elicited myocardial fibrosis exacerbation, which was accompanied by a marked elevation of NOX1 expression in cardiac tissue. In particular, a specific NOX1 inhibitor, ML171, effectively decreased myocardial fibrosis and protected against cardiac dysfunction in DCM rats. Rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts were incubated with high glucose (HG, 33 mM) as an in vitro model of DCM. We also observed that the expression of NOX1 was upregulated in HG-cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Silencing of NOX1 was found to attenuate myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress in HG-induced cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, the upregulation of NOX1 by hyperglycemia induced activation of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo, whereas these effects were significantly attenuated with NOX1 gene silencing and further enhanced with NOX1 gene overexpression. In summary, we demonstrated that NOX1 induced activation of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway and increased reactive oxygen species production accumulation, which ultimately increased myocardial fibrosis and deteriorated cardiac function in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our study revealed that NOX1 was a potential therapeutic target for DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyan Lang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingru Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yao Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of CIGB-258 against Acute Toxicity of Carboxymethyllysine in Paralyzed Zebrafish via Enhancement of High-Density Lipoproteins Stability and Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710130. [PMID: 36077532 PMCID: PMC9456132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperinflammation is frequently associated with the chronic pain of autoimmune disease and the acute death of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) via a severe cytokine cascade. CIGB-258 (Jusvinza®), an altered peptide ligand with 3 kDa from heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), inhibits the systemic inflammation and cytokine storm, but the precise mechanism is still unknown. Objective: The protective effect of CIGB-258 against inflammatory stress of N-ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) was tested to provide mechanistic insight. Methods: CIGB-258 was treated to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and injected into zebrafish and its embryo to test a putative anti-inflammatory activity under presence of CML. Results: Treatment of CML (final 200 μM) caused remarkable glycation of HDL with severe aggregation of HDL particles to produce dysfunctional HDL, which is associated with a decrease in apolipoprotein A-I stability and lowered paraoxonase activity. Degradation of HDL3 by ferrous ions was attenuated by a co-treatment with CIGB-258 with a red-shift of the Trp fluorescence in HDL. A microinjection of CML (500 ng) into zebrafish embryos resulted in the highest embryo death rate, only 18% of survivability with developmental defects. However, co-injection of CIGB-258 (final 1 ng) caused the remarkable elevation of survivability around 58%, as well as normal developmental speed. An intraperitoneal injection of CML (final 250 μg) into adult zebrafish resulted acute paralysis, sudden death, and laying down on the bottom of the cage with no swimming ability via neurotoxicity and inflammation. However, a co-injection of CIGB-258 (1 μg) resulted in faster recovery of the swimming ability and higher survivability than CML alone injection. The CML alone group showed 49% survivability, while the CIGB-258 group showed 97% survivability (p < 0.001) with a remarkable decrease in hepatic inflammation up to 50%. A comparison of efficacy with CIGB-258, Infliximab (Remsima®), and Tocilizumab (Actemra®) showed that the CIGB-258 group exhibited faster recovery and swimming ability with higher survivability than those of the Infliximab group. The CIGB-258 group and Tocilizumab group showed the highest survivability, the lowest plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride level, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils in hepatic tissue. Conclusion: CIGB-258 ameliorated the acute neurotoxicity, paralysis, hyperinflammation, and death induced by CML, resulting in higher survivability in zebrafish and its embryos by enhancing the HDL structure and functionality.
Collapse
|
47
|
Li M, Tan H, Gao T, Han L, Teng X, Wang F, Zhang X. Gypensapogenin I Ameliorates Isoproterenol (ISO)-Induced Myocardial Damage through Regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:5298. [PMID: 36014544 PMCID: PMC9416370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological feature of many heart diseases and seriously threatens the normal activity of the heart. Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) tea is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Gypensapogenin I (Gyp I), which is a novel dammarane-type saponin, was obtained from the hydrolysates of total gypenosides. It has been reported to exert a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect. In our study, we attempted to investigate the efficiency and possible molecular mechanism of Gyp I in cardiac injury treatment induced by ISO. In vitro, Gyp I was found to increase the survival rate of H9c2 cells and inhibit apoptosis. Combined with molecular docking and Western blot analysis, Gyp I was confirmed to regulate the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In vivo, C57BL6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 10 mg/kg ISO to induce heart failure. Mice were given a gavage of Gyp I (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/d for three weeks). Pathological alterations, fibrosis-, inflammation-, and apoptosis-related molecules were examined. By means of cardiac function detection, biochemical index analysis, QRT-PCR monitoring, histopathological staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis, it was elucidated that Gyp I could improve cardiac dysfunction, alleviate collagen deposition, and reduce myocardial fibrosis (MF). In summary, we reported for the first time that Gyp I showed good myocardial protective activity in vitro and in vivo, and its mechanism was related to the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Insoluble and Soluble Dietary Fibers from Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Modify Gut Microbiota to Alleviate High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced TYPE 2 Diabetes in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163369. [PMID: 36014875 PMCID: PMC9414595 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the anti-diabetic properties of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers from kiwifruit (KIDF and KSDF) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulting from a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Both KIDF and KSDF treatments for four weeks remarkably decreased body weight and increased satiety. In addition, the blood glucose level and circulatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content were decreased, while the insulin resistance, inflammatory status, and lipid profiles improved. These anti-diabetic effects might be related to the regulation of gut microbiota and increased SCFA content. The key microbial communities of KIDF and KSDF were different. Furthermore, the KIDF treatment increased the level of total SCFAs and isobutyric acid, while KSDF increased the levels of total SCFAs and butyric acid. The association between critical species and SCFA and between SCFA and biochemical parameters indicated that the mechanisms of KIDF and KSDF on T2DM might be different.
Collapse
|
49
|
Rico-Fontalvo J, Aroca G, Cabrales J, Daza-Arnedo R, Yánez-Rodríguez T, Martínez-Ávila MC, Uparella-Gulfo I, Raad-Sarabia M. Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158668. [PMID: 35955802 PMCID: PMC9369345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory component of diabetic kidney disease has become of great interest in recent years, with genetic and epigenetic variants playing a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Cells of the innate immune system play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, with a lesser contribution from the adaptive immune cells. Other components such as the complement system also play a role, as well as specific cytokines and chemokines. The inflammatory component of diabetic kidney disease is of great interest and is an active research field, with the hope to find potential innovative therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rico-Fontalvo
- Colombian Nephrology Association, Bogotá 110221, Colombia
- Management of Technologies and Innovation, Department of Engineering, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Cl. 58 #55-132, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Aroca
- Colombian Nephrology Association, Bogotá 110221, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Jose Cabrales
- Nephrology Fellow, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xie X, Bai G, Zhang L, Liu H, Qiang D, Li L. Changes in plasma IRAK-M in patients with prediabetes and its relationship with related metabolic indexes: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221111275. [PMID: 36039603 PMCID: PMC9437484 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-M is associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, enrolled subjects were assigned to different groups according to their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values. IRAK-M and metabolic parameters, including fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β), and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), were evaluated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of IRAK-M and TXNIP for prediabetes and T2D was determined. RESULTS IRAK-M decreased significantly with increasing FPG levels. IRAK-M was negatively correlated with TXNIP, FPG, FINS, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR and positively correlated with HOMA-β. The diagnostic cutoff value of IRAK-M was 3.76 ng/mL for prediabetes and 3.45 ng/mL for T2D. After stratifying by IRAK-M (<3.76 and ≥3.76 ng/mL), patients with a higher TXNIP level showed a greater risk of prediabetes or T2D in the subgroup with low IRAK-M (<3.76 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS IRAK-M is independently and positively associated with prediabetes and T2D, while TXNIP is independently and negatively associated with prediabetes and T2D. IRAK-M and TXNIP serve as diagnostic factors for prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| |
Collapse
|