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Fan J, Hu J. Retinol binding protein 4 and type 2 diabetes: from insulin resistance to pancreatic β-cell function. Endocrine 2024; 85:1020-1034. [PMID: 38520616 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine that has been explored as a key biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in recent years. Researchers have conducted a series of experiments to understand the interplay between RBP4 and T2DM, including its role in insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function. The results of these studies indicate that RBP4 has a significant influence on T2DM and is considered a potential biomarker of T2DM. However, there have also been some controversies about the relationship between RBP4 levels and T2DM. In this review, we update and summarize recent studies focused on the relationship between RBP4 and T2DM and its role in insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function to clarify the existing controversy and provide evidence for future studies. We also assessed the potential therapeutic applications of RBP4 in treating T2DM. METHODS A narrative review. RESULTS Overall, there were significant associations between RBP4 levels, insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell function, and T2DM. CONCLUSIONS More mechanistic studies are needed to determine the role of RBP4 in the onset of T2DM, especially in terms of pancreatic β-cell function. In addition, further studies are required to evaluate the effects of drug intervention, lifestyle intervention, and bariatric surgery on RBP4 levels to control T2DM and the role of reducing RBP4 levels in improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jinxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, PR China
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Tan X, Zhang H, Liu L, Yu Z, Liu X, Cui L, Chen Y, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhao Z. The association between retinol-binding protein 4 and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1053-1063. [PMID: 36987736 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2196396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) was controversially associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the association between RBP4 level and T2DM risk. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify relevant studies up to 3 December 2022. Random effects model was used to pool multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was estimated by Funnel plot and Egger's test, it was considered to be significant when P < 0.05. Eight studies including 8087 participants were finally included. Compared to those with the lowest level, subjects with the highest level of RBP4 have a higher risk of T2DM (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.78, P < 0.001, I2 = 86.9%). No publication bias among the included studies was found (t = 0.94, P = 0.377). This meta-analysis indicated that high RBP4 level was associated with increasing risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tan
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Cui
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Han X, Ni J, Li B, Bao J, Wan R, Hu G, Chen C. Predictive value of serum retinol binding protein in severity and complications of acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:92-99. [PMID: 37608609 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2249570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retinol binding protein (RBP) is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate serum RBP levels in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS The study included 1,871 AP patients, including 1,411 with mild AP (MAP), 244 with moderately severe AP (MSAP), and 186 with severe AP (SAP). Retrospective analysis was conducted on RBP concentrations and other clinical data of AP patients. RESULTS AP patients were subgrouped by RBP level into low RBP (LRBP), normal RBP (NRBP), and high RBP (HRBP) groups. The LRBP group showed a significantly higher proportion of SAP patients than NRBP and HRBP groups. Additionally, the LRBP group had the highest BISAP and CTSI scores among the three groups; WBC and CRP levels in the NRBP group were significantly lower than those in the LRBP and HRBP groups. RBP was better at predicting acute necrotic collection (ANC) than other local complications, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.821. RBP was also an independent risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI) and ANC in AP patients. The AUC of RBP for predicting ALI was 0.829, with 30.45 mg/L as the optimal cutoff value, and the sensitivity and specificity were 59.70% and 96.50%, respectively. The AUC of RBP for predicting ANC was 0.821, with 28.35 mg/L as the optimal cutoff value, and the sensitivity and specificity were 61.20% and 95.50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum RBP had predictive value for AP severity, local and systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpiao Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang W, Yuan Y, Cui X, Chen S, Zhuang X. The level of serum retinol-binding protein is associated with diabetic mild cognitive impairment. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148670. [PMID: 37944571 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that retinol-binding protein (RBP) is linked to diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. However, no studies have elucidated the relationship between RBP and diabetic cognitive disorders. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the change characteristics of serum RBP are associated with alterations in cognitive functioning in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS In this study, 252 patients with T2DM and 34 people as healthy controls were included. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the diabetic subjects were divided into the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group and the Non-MCI group. Demographic characteristics and clinical indicators as well as serum RBP levels were analyzed. RESULTS The serum RBP levels in the MCI group were lower compared with the Non-MCI group (P = 0.02). The level of RBP was higher in the diabetes without MCI group than in the healthy control (P < 0.001). Serum RBP levels were positively correlated with MoCA scores (r = 0.178, P = 0.003). Binary Logistic regression model analysis showed that low RBP [odds ratio (OR) = 0.936], old age (OR = 1.074), high fasting blood glucose (OR = 1.164), and low fasting C-peptide (OR = 0.722) may be independent risk factors for diabetic MCI. The ROC curve of serum RBP for predicting diabetic MCI showed that the area under the curve was 0.630. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed an association between serum RBP and diabetic MCI. Serum RBP levels in diabetic MCI are lower and correlated with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yuqi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China.
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Cai X, Thorand B, Hohenester S, Prehn C, Cecil A, Adamski J, Zeller T, Dennis A, Banerjee R, Peters A, Yaghootkar H, Nano J. Association of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin with liver fat in men and women: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1223162. [PMID: 37900132 PMCID: PMC10611498 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may play a role in fatty liver development. We sought to examine the association of various endogenous sex hormones, including testosterone (T), and SHBG with liver fat using complementary observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods The observational analysis included a total of 2,239 participants (mean age 60 years; 35% postmenopausal women) from the population-based KORA study (average follow-up time: 6.5 years). We conducted linear regression analysis to investigate the sex-specific associations of sex hormones and SHBG with liver fat, estimated by fatty liver index (FLI). For MR analyses, we selected genetic variants associated with sex hormones and SHBG and extracted their associations with magnetic resonance imaging measured liver fat from the largest up to date European genome-wide associations studies. Results In the observational analysis, T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were inversely associated with FLI in men, with beta estimates ranging from -4.23 to -2.30 [p-value <0.001 to 0.003]. Whereas in women, a positive association of free T with FLI (β = 4.17, 95%CI: 1.35, 6.98) was observed. SHBG was inversely associated with FLI across sexes [men: -3.45 (-5.13, -1.78); women: -9.23 (-12.19, -6.28)]. No causal association was found between genetically determined sex hormones and liver fat, but higher genetically determined SHBG was associated with lower liver fat in women (β = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.12). Conclusion Our results provide suggestive evidence for a causal association between SHBG and liver fat in women, implicating the protective role of SHBG against liver fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Cai
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Core Facility Metabolomics and Proteomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Cecil
- Core Facility Metabolomics and Proteomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Li B, Hou C, Li L, Li M, Gao S. The associations of adipokines with hypertension in youth with cardiometabolic risk and the mediation role of insulin resistance: The BCAMS study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1673-1683. [PMID: 36890271 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms link obesity and hypertension are not well understood. One possibility is the alterations in adipose-derived adipokines that modulate insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular homeostasis. We aimed to assess the associations between hypertension and four adipokine levels in Chinese youth, and to examine to what extent the associations are mediated by IR. We utilized cross-sectional data from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) Study Cohort (n = 559, mean age = 20.2 years). Plasma leptin, adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels were assayed. The relationships between adipokines and hypertension and the possible mediation effect of IR were evaluated. Youth with hypertension have lower adiponectin and higher leptin, FGF21 (all P < 0.001) and RBP4 levels (p = 0.06) compared to their counterparts. Moreover, the co-existence of these two or more adipokine abnormalities in youth leads to a 9-fold increased risk for hypertension (OR: 9.19; 95% CI, 4.01-21.08) compared with these without abnormalities. However, in the fully adjusted and BMI-adjusted analyses, only FGF21 was a significant predictor of hypertension (OR: 2.12; 95% CI, 1.34-3.36). Mediation analysis revealed that the associations between leptin, adiponectin, RBP4 and hypertension are totally mediated by IR (proportion: 63.9%, 65.4%, and 31.6%, respectively), while BMI and IR partly mediated the association between FGF21 and hypertension (proportion: 30.6%, 21.2%). Our findings suggest that dysregulation of adipokines might result in hypertension in youth. Leptin, adiponectin and RBP4 may exert their functions in hypertension through adiposity-related IR, whereas FGF21 might be used as an independent marker of hypertension in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Rafaqat S, Nasreen S, Rafaqat S. Role of major adipokines in hypertension: A literature review. World J Hypertens 2023; 11:1-11. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of hypertension are increasing as a consequence of the obesity epidemic. Adipocytes and their variety of factors make contributions to the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The pathophysiologic states of hypertension, including obesity, are regulated by the production of adipocyte-derived factors. Increased body mass index was closely linked to elevated blood pressure. Mostly the hypertensive subjects were obese as well as overweight. There are numerous adipokines, however, this review article only focuses on the major adipokines including chemerin, visfatin, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, vaspin, progranulin, complement c1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein, and nesfatin-1 role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This review article concludes the significant association of major adipokines in the pathogenesis of hypertensives. New research should be focused on other newly reported adipokine roles in hypertensive subjects and the management of these adipokines in hypertensive subjects. The discovery of this information could result in the creation of antihypertensive medications, particularly those that focus on obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sana Rafaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Yang X, Feng C, Feng J. Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2023; 28:10742484231151820. [PMID: 36752345 DOI: 10.1177/10742484231151820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a long-term chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, has many uncertain factors. Epicardial fat, as the heart fat bank, functions as fatty tissue and is the heart's endocrine organ. The existence of diabetes affects the distribution of heart fat and promotes the secretion of adipokine. In different pathological conditions, it can promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokine, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and even autophagy, thus affecting cardiac function. In this paper, we will elaborate on the mechanism of epicardial fat in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Yang
- Chest Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Cai X, Thorand B, Hohenester S, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Peters A, Nano J. Association between the fatty liver index and chronic kidney disease: the population-based KORA study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:1240-1248. [PMID: 36150717 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the relationship of fatty liver, estimated by fatty liver index (FLI), with kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a German cohort study, given the lack of prospective evidence in Europeans. METHODS We included 2920 participants (51.6% women, mean age 56.1 years) from the KORA study, of which 1991 were followed up for an average of 6.4 (± 0.3) years. Kidney function was assessed using the glomerular filtration rate estimated by creatinine (eGFR-cr) or cystatin C (eGFR-cc). We used multiple logistic or linear regressions to evaluate the associations between FLI, kidney function and CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), and mediation analysis to explore the mediation effects of metabolic factors. RESULTS The prevalence of FLI ≥ 60 and CKD were 40.4% and 5.6% at baseline, and 182 participants developed CKD during the follow-up. Cross-sectionally, FLI was significantly inversely associated with eGFR-cc [β, 95%CI: -1.14 (-1.81, -0.47)] and prevalent CKD based on eGFR-cc [OR, 95%CI: 1.28 (1.01, 1.61)], but not with other markers. After adjusting for lifestyle factors, we found a positive association between FLI and incident CKD defined by eGFR-cc or/eGFR-cr, which was attenuated after controlling for metabolic risk factors. Mediation analysis showed that the association was completely mediated by inflammation, diabetes and hypertension jointly. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between FLI and CKD incidence was fully mediated by the joint effect of metabolic risk factors. Future longitudinal studies need to explore the chronological interplay between fatty liver, cardiometabolic risk factors and kidney function with repeated measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Cai
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology - IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology - IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology-IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Plasma Transthyretin Levels and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Regulation in a Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142953. [PMID: 35889910 PMCID: PMC9321865 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma transthyretin may be engaged in glucose regulation. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma transthyretin levels and the risk of newly diagnosed T2DM and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study including 1244 newly diagnosed T2DM patients, 837 newly diagnosed IGR patients, and 1244 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) matched by sex and age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to estimate the independent association of plasma transthyretin concentrations with the risk of T2DM and IGR. Plasma transthyretin concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM and IGR patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.005). After multiple adjustment and comparison with the lowest quartile of plasma transthyretin concentrations, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of T2DM and IGR in the highest quartile were 2.22 (1.66, 2.98) and 2.29 (1.72, 3.05), respectively. Plasma transthyretin concentrations also showed a great performance in predicting the risk of T2DM (AUC: 0.76). Moreover, a potential nonlinear trend was observed. Our results demonstrated that higher plasma transthyretin concentrations, especially more than 290 mg/L, were associated with an increased risk of T2DM and IGR. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings and elucidate the potential mechanisms.
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Steinhoff JS, Lass A, Schupp M. Retinoid Homeostasis and Beyond: How Retinol Binding Protein 4 Contributes to Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:1236. [PMID: 35334893 PMCID: PMC8951293 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the specific transport protein of the lipophilic vitamin A, retinol, in blood. Circulating RBP4 originates from the liver. It is secreted by hepatocytes after it has been loaded with retinol and binding to transthyretin (TTR). TTR association prevents renal filtration due to the formation of a higher molecular weight complex. In the circulation, RBP4 binds to specific membrane receptors, thereby delivering retinol to target cells, rendering liver-secreted RBP4 the major mechanism to distribute hepatic vitamin A stores to extrahepatic tissues. In particular, binding of RBP4 to 'stimulated by retinoic acid 6' (STRA6) is required to balance tissue retinoid responses in a highly homeostatic manner. Consequently, defects/mutations in RBP4 can cause a variety of conditions and diseases due to dysregulated retinoid homeostasis and cover embryonic development, vision, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. Aside from the effects related to retinol transport, non-canonical functions of RBP4 have also been reported. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation and function of RBP4 in health and disease derived from murine models and human mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Steinhoff
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)-Research Center, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)-Research Center, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
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12
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Then C, Herder C, Thorand B, Sujana C, Heier M, Meisinger C, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Roden M, Stumvoll M, Maalmi H, Then H, Ferrari U, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Association of serum uromodulin with adipokines in dependence of type 2 diabetes. Cytokine 2021; 150:155786. [PMID: 34920231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal tubular glycoprotein uromodulin is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We investigated the association of serum uromodulin with adipokines and tested the effect modification by diabetes status. METHODS The associations of serum uromodulin with eight adipokines were assessed in 795-1080 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 62-81 years using linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, BMI, estimated glomerular filtration rate and diabetes. Significant associations were assessed for effect modification by diabetes status. We further tested using logistic regression whether adjustment for the significant adipokines affected the association of uromodulin with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4 after multivariable adjustment (p < 0.001) and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. No significant association was observed between uromodulin and the other adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, secreted frizzled-related protein 5, progranulin, omentin-1 and vaspin) after correcting for multiple testing. The association of uromodulin with chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4 was stronger in participants with type 2 diabetes than in participants without diabetes (p for interaction < 0.05). However, inclusion of chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4 in logistic regression models did not attenuate the association of serum uromodulin with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with the predominantly pro-inflammatory adipokines chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4. The associations were stronger in participants with type 2 diabetes compared to participants without diabetes. However, the association of serum uromodulin with type 2 diabetes was independent of chemerin and retinol-binding protein-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chaterina Sujana
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Haifa Maalmi
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Uta Ferrari
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner München-Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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14
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Lee JC, Kim SH, Oh YS, Kim JH, Lee SR, Chae HD. Increased Expression of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Ovarian Endometrioma and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5827. [PMID: 34072419 PMCID: PMC8199072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although endometriosis is a benign disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterus, ectopic endometrial cells can exhibit malignant biological behaviors. Retinol-binding protein4 (RBP4) is a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, which has important roles in regulating insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. RBP4 is a potent modulator of gene transcription, and acts by directly controlling cell growth, invasiveness, proliferation and differentiation. Here, we evaluated the possible role of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We compared the levels of RBP4 in the tissues and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with and without endometriosis and evaluated the in vitro effects of RBP4 on the viability, invasiveness, and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). RBP4 levels were significantly higher in the PF of the women in the endometriosis group than in the controls. RBP4 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the ovarian endometriomas of women with advanced stage endometriosis than those of controls. In vitro treatment with human recombinant-RBP4 significantly increased the viability, bromodeoxyuridine expression, and invasiveness of ESCs. Transfection with RBP4 siRNA significantly reduced ESC viability and invasiveness. These findings suggest that RBP4 partakes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by increasing the viability, proliferation and invasion of endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.C.L.); (Y.S.O.); (J.H.K.); (S.R.L.); (H.D.C.)
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15
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The Effect of RBP4 on microRNA Expression Profiles in Porcine Granulosa Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051391. [PMID: 34068244 PMCID: PMC8153112 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), mainly secreted by the liver and adipocytes, is a transporter of vitamin A. RBP4 has been shown to be involved in several pathophysiological processes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk. However, the role of RBP4 in mammalian follicular granulosa cells (GCs) remains largely unknown. To characterize the molecular pathways associated with the effects of RBP4 on GCs, we used sRNA deep sequencing to detect differential microRNA (miRNA) expression in GCs overexpressing RBP4. A total of 17 miRNAs were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. Our results support the notion that several miRNAs are involved in important biological processes associated with folliculogenesis and pathogenesis. These results will be useful for further studies investigating the role of RBP4 in porcine GCs. Abstract Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a transporter of vitamin A that is secreted mainly by hepatocytes and adipocytes. It affects diverse pathophysiological processes, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play indispensable roles in regulating various developmental processes via the post-transcriptional repression of target genes in mammals. However, the functional link between RBP4 and changes in miRNA expression in porcine granulosa cells (GCs) remains to be investigated. To examine how increased expression of RBP4 affects miRNA expression, porcine GCs were infected with RBP4-targeted lentivirus for 72 h, and whole-genome miRNA profiling (miRNA sequencing) was performed. The sequencing data were validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. As a result, we obtained 2783 known and 776 novel miRNAs. In the experimental group, 10 and seven miRNAs were significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, compared with the control group. Ontology analysis of the biological processes of these miRNAs indicated their involvement in a variety of biological functions. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses indicated that these miRNAs were involved mainly in the chemokine signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, insulin resistance pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kappa B) signaling pathway, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Our results indicate that RBP4 can regulate the expression of miRNAs in porcine GCs, with consequent physiological effects. In summary, this study profiling miRNA expression in RBP4-overexpressing porcine GCs provides an important reference point for future studies on the regulatory roles of miRNAs in the porcine reproductive system.
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16
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Steinhoff JS, Lass A, Schupp M. Biological Functions of RBP4 and Its Relevance for Human Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659977. [PMID: 33790810 PMCID: PMC8006376 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation. Expression of RBP4 is highest in the liver, where most of the body’s vitamin A reserves are stored as retinyl esters. For the mobilization of vitamin A from the liver, retinyl esters are hydrolyzed to retinol, which then binds to RBP4 in the hepatocyte. After associating with transthyretin (TTR), the retinol/RBP4/TTR complex is released into the bloodstream and delivers retinol to tissues via binding to specific membrane receptors. So far, two distinct RBP4 receptors have been identified that mediate the uptake of retinol across the cell membrane and, under specific conditions, bi-directional retinol transport. Although most of RBP4’s actions depend on its role in retinoid homeostasis, functions independent of retinol transport have been described. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent findings on the structure, regulation, and functions of RBP4 and lay out the biological relevance of this lipocalin for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Steinhoff
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Retinol binding protein 4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome by signaling through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31309-31318. [PMID: 33214151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013877117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to systemic insulin resistance. In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is elevated in AT and has proinflammatory effects which are mediated partially through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We now show that RBP4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome for interleukin-1β (IL1β) release, in a glucose-dependent manner, through the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex and TLR2. This impairs insulin signaling in adipocytes. IL1β is elevated in perigonadal white AT (PGWAT) of chow-fed RBP4-overexpressing mice and in serum and PGWAT of high-fat diet-fed RBP4-overexpressing mice vs. wild-type mice. Holo- or apo-RBP4 injection in wild-type mice causes insulin resistance and elevates PGWAT inflammatory markers, including IL1β. TLR4 inhibition in RBP4-overexpressing mice reduces PGWAT inflammation, including IL1β levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Thus, the proinflammatory effects of RBP4 require NLRP3-inflammasome priming. These studies may provide approaches to reduce AT inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
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18
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Liu F, Zhang R, Zhang W, Zhu L, Yu Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Pan S, Wang Y, Chu C, Hu L, Wang Q, Yu J, Mu J, Wang J. Potassium supplementation blunts the effects of high salt intake on serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels in healthy individuals. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:658-663. [PMID: 33460257 PMCID: PMC8015821 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Excessive dietary salt or low potassium intakes are strongly correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In epidemiological and experimental studies, increased serum retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein, we hypothesized that RBP4 might be an adipocyte‐derived “signal” that plays the crucial role in salt‐related insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to assess whether salt consumption and potassium supplementation influence serum RBP4 levels in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 42 participants (aged 25–50 years) in a rural area of Northern China were successively provided normal (3 days at baseline), low‐salt (7 days; 3 g/day NaCl) and high‐salt (7 days; 18 g/day) diets, and a high‐salt diet with potassium additive (7 days; 18 g/day NaCl and 4.5 g/day KCl). Urinary sodium and potassium were measured to ensure compliance to dietary intervention. Then, RBP4 levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results High salt intake significantly raised serum RBP4 levels in healthy participants (17.5 ± 0.68 vs 28.6 ± 1.02 µg/mL). This phenomenon was abrogated by potassium supplementation (28.6 ± 1.02 vs 17.6 ± 0.88 µg/mL). In addition, RBP4 levels presented positive (r = 0.528, P < 0.01) and negative (r = −0.506, P < 0.01) associations with 24‐h urinary sodium‐ and potassium excretion levels. Conclusions RBP4 synthesis is motivated by high salt intake and revoked by potassium supplementation. Our pioneer work has contributed to the present understanding of salt‐induced insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,From the Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronghuai Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Yu
- From the Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiadong Yu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Mu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junkui Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Then C, Thorand B, Then HL, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Bidlingmaier M, Lechner A, Reincke M, Scherberich JE, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is inversely associated with arterial hypertension and the vasoconstrictive prohormone CT-proET-1 in the population-based KORA F4 study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237364. [PMID: 32764816 PMCID: PMC7413541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Uromodulin has been associated with arterial hypertension in genome-wide association studies, but data from clinical and preclinical studies are inconsistent. We here analyzed the association of serum uromodulin (sUmod) with arterial hypertension and vasoactive hormones in a population-based study. Methods In 1108 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 62–81 years, sUmod was measured and the association of sUmod with arterial hypertension was assessed using logistic regression models. The associations of sUmod with renin and aldosterone and with the vasoconstrictive prohormone C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) were analyzed in 1079 participants and in 618 participants, respectively, using linear regression models. Results After multivariable adjustment including sex, age, eGFR, BMI, fasting glucose, current smoking, previous stroke and myocardial infarction, sUmod was inversely associated with arterial hypertension (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.68–0.91; p = 0.001). SUmod was not significantly associated with renin and aldosterone after adjustment for sex, age and eGFR. However, sUmod was inversely associated with CT-proET-1 (β -0.19 ± 0.04; p < 0.001) after adjustment for sex, age, eGFR, BMI, arterial hypertension, fasting glucose, current smoking, previous stroke and myocardial infarction. The association with CT-proET-1 was stronger in participants with hypertension (β -0.22 ± 0.04) than in normotensive participants (β -0.13 ± 0.06; p for interaction hypertension = 0.003 in the model adjusted for hypertension). Conclusions SUmod was inversely associated with arterial hypertension and the vasoconstrictive prohormone CT-proET-1, suggesting direct or indirect effects of sUmod on blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E. Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Then C, Then HL, Lechner A, Thorand B, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin and decline of kidney function in older participants of the population-based KORA F4/FF4 study. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:205-211. [PMID: 33564420 PMCID: PMC7857794 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uromodulin, a tissue-specific tubular glycoprotein, has recently emerged as a promising biomarker for kidney function and tubular integrity. However, the association of serum uromodulin (sUmod) with renal function decline is still unknown in an older general population. Methods We analysed the association of sUmod with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria in 1075 participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study, ages 62-81 years, at baseline and prospectively after a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years (n = 605) using logistic and linear regression models as well as receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses. Results Cross-sectionally, sUmod was positively associated with eGFR (β = 0.31 ± 0.02 per higher standard deviation sUmod; P < 0.001) and inversely associated with the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (β = -0.19 ± 0.04; P < 0.001) after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, prediabetes and diabetes. After multivariable adjustment including baseline eGFR, sUmod was not associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as a decrease in eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 after 6.5 years of follow-up {odds ratio [OR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-1.36] per higher SD sUmod} but was inversely associated with advanced CKD, defined as incident eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 [OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.42-0.98)]. The ROC showed no added predictive value of sUmod for kidney function decline in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Higher sUmod was inversely associated with progression to advanced kidney disease but does not provide additional predictive value for the development of CKD in elderly participants of the population-based KORA study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKAT Augsburg, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,KORA Study Center, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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21
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Olsen T, Blomhoff R. Retinol, Retinoic Acid, and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 are Differentially Associated with Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity: An Overview of Human Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:644-666. [PMID: 31868199 PMCID: PMC7231588 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble essential nutrient obtained from plant- and animal-based sources that has roles in growth, vision, and metabolism. Vitamin A circulates mainly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and is delivered to tissues and converted to retinoic acid, which is a ligand for several nuclear receptors. In recent years, aspects of vitamin A metabolism have been under scrutiny with regards to the development of metabolic and lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and overweight and obesity in humans. Studies have mainly focused on RBP4 in this context, whereas the major circulating form, retinol, and the major bioactive form, retinoic acid, have been overlooked in this regard until recently. As one of the main roles of RBP4 is to deliver retinol to tissues for biological action, the associations of retinol and retinoic acid with these diseases must also be considered. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent and available evidence from human studies with focus on retinol, retinoic acid, and RBP4 and provide an overview of these crucial components of vitamin A metabolism in CVD, T2DM, and obesity. In summary, retinol was found to be both inversely and positively associated with CVD whereas the associations with T2DM and obesity were less clear. Although only a few studies have been published on retinoic acid, it was inversely associated with CVD. In contrast, serum RBP4 was mostly found to be positively associated with CVD, T2DM, and obesity. At present, it is difficult to ascertain why the reported associations differ depending on the compound under study, but there is a clear imbalance in the literature in disfavor of retinol and retinoic acid, which needs to be considered in future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Address correspondence to TO (e-mail: )
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Then C, Then HL, Lechner A, Thorand B, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin and risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the community-based KORA F4 study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:1-7. [PMID: 32058862 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serum uromodulin, a novel biomarker of kidney function and tubular integrity, has been linked to cardiovascular events and total mortality in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Here, we analyze the association of serum uromodulin with cardiovascular morbidity and cardiovascular as well as total mortality in the population-based KORA F4 study stratified by sex. METHODS Baseline serum uromodulin was measured in 1079 participants of the KORA F4 study (age 62-81 years). Using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the associations of serum uromodulin with total mortality and cardiovascular mortality were analyzed after a median follow-up period of 8.6 years, and with non-fatal and fatal stroke and myocardial infarction/coronary death after a median follow-up time of 8.4 years. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with total mortality (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53-0.79 per standard deviation of logarithmized serum uromodulin; p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52-0.93) in men, but not in women (HR for all-cause mortality in women 0.98; 95% CI 0.77-1.25, HR for cardiovascular mortality 0.78; 95% CI 0.56-1.11) after adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes and eGFR. In addition, serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with incident stroke in men (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.50-0.92), but not in women (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.68-1.38) after multivariable adjustment. The association of serum uromodulin with incident myocardial infarction was attenuated and lost significance after multivariable adjustment in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin is an independent biomarker for total and cardiovascular mortality in men from the general community aged 62 years or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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23
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Simonetto C, Heier M, Rospleszcz S, Meisinger C, Then C, Seißler J, Peters A, Kaiser JC. Risk for cardiovascular events responds nonlinearly to carotid intima-media thickness in the KORA F4 study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 296:32-39. [PMID: 32005003 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Risk assessment studies on the impact of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) on cardiovascular events (CVEs) often apply a linear relationship in Cox models of proportional hazards. However, CVEs are mostly induced through rupture of plaques driven by nonlinear mechanical properties of the arterial wall. Hence, the risk response might be nonlinear as well and should be detectable in CVE incidence data when associated with CIMT as surrogate variable for atherosclerotic wall degeneration. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we investigate the KORA F4 study comprising 2580 participants with CIMT measurements and 153 first CVEs (86 strokes and 67 myocardial infarctions). CIMT is only a moderate predictor of CVE risk due to confounding by attained age. Biological evidence suggests that age-related CIMT growth is not entirely connected with atherosclerosis. To explore the complex relations between age, CIMT and CVE risk, we apply linear and nonlinear models of both CIMT and dnCIMT, defined as deviation from a sex and age-adjusted normal value. RESULTS Based on goodness-of-fit and biological plausibility, threshold and logistic step models clearly reveal nonlinear risk response relations for vascular covariables CIMT and dnCIMT. The effect is more pronounced for models involving dnCIMT as novel risk factor, which is not correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS Compared to the standard approach of risk assessment with linear models involving CIMT, the application of excess dnCIMT with nonlinear risk responses leads to a more precise identification of asymptomatic high risk patients, especially at younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Simonetto
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Then
- Diabetes Centre, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seißler
- Diabetes Centre, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany; Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
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24
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Then C, Then H, Lechner A, Huth C, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Herder C, Roden M, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in the KORA F4 study. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1363-1371. [PMID: 31505464 PMCID: PMC6790901 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome and obesity are risk factors for chronic kidney disease. However, early kidney alterations may escape diagnosis in these conditions due to glomerular hyperfiltration. Uromodulin, a glycoprotein exclusively synthesized in tubular cells of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, is a novel tissue-specific biomarker for kidney function. In contrast to the commonly used markers creatinine and cystatin C, serum uromodulin does not primarily depend on glomerular filtration. We hypothesized that serum uromodulin is a marker for metabolic syndrome and related components. DESIGN The analyses included 1088 participants of the population-based KORA F4 study aged 62-81 years. Metabolic syndrome was present in 554 participants. After a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years, 621 participants were reevaluated, of which 92 had developed incident metabolic syndrome. METHODS The association of serum uromodulin with metabolic syndrome and its components were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome after adjustment for sex, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.56-0.76 per standard deviation uromodulin; P < 0.001). Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with all single components of metabolic syndrome. However, serum uromodulin was not associated with new-onset metabolic syndrome after the follow-up period of 6.5 ± 0.3 years (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.86-1.60). CONCLUSIONS Serum uromodulin is independently associated with prevalent, but not with incident metabolic syndrome. Low serum uromodulin may indicate a decreased renal reserve in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence should be addessed to C Then:
| | - Holger Then
- Freie Waldorfschule Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Center, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, LMU München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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25
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Fan J, Yin S, Lin D, Liu Y, Chen N, Bai X, Ke Q, Shen J, You L, Lin X, Li F, He F, Yan L, Chen C, Xia M. Association of Serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels and the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Subjects With Prediabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1574-1581. [PMID: 31186297 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels and risk for the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based prospective study was conducted among 1,011 Chinese participants with prediabetes (average age 55.6 ± 7.2 years). Incident type 2 diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association 2010 criteria. Serum RBP4 levels were measured using a commercially available ELISA. We analyzed the association of serum RBP4 levels with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 3.1 years, 153 participants developed incident type 2 diabetes. A U-shaped association was observed between serum RBP4 levels and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes, with the lowest risk in the RBP4 range of 31-55 μg/mL. Multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that serum RBP4 levels <31 μg/mL and RBP4 levels >55 μg/mL were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) were 2.01 (1.31-3.09) and 1.97 (1.32-2.93), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, γ-glutamyltransferase, HOMA of insulin resistance index, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. CONCLUSIONS A U-shaped relationship exists between serum RBP4 levels and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in subjects with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songping Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Diaozhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yangqing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nixuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinxiu Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiuyi Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengyi He
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaogang Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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26
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Then C, Then H, Meisinger C, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Scherberich J, Seissler J. Serum uromodulin is associated with but does not predict type 2 diabetes in elderly KORA F4/FF4 study participants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3795-3802. [PMID: 30892596 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Serum uromodulin has recently emerged as promising biomarker for kidney function and was suggested to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in coronary patients. Here, we analyzed the association of serum uromodulin with T2D in the population-based KORA F4/FF4 study. METHODS In 1119 participants of the KORA F4 study aged 62 - 81 years, serum uromodulin was measured and the association of serum uromodulin with T2D was assessed using logistic and linear regression models stratified for sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.5 years, 635 participants where reevaluated. Glucose tolerance status was determined by oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and at the follow-up examination except in cases of known T2D. RESULTS Serum uromodulin was inversely associated with T2D in the crude analysis and after adjustment for age and BMI in men (p < 0.001) and in women (p < 0.05). After further adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum uromodulin was significantly inversely associated with T2D in men (p < 0.001), but not in women. Serum uromodulin was not associated with prediabetes after multivariate adjustment and did not predict T2D in men or in women after the follow-up time of 6.5 ± 0.3 years. CONCLUSIONS In participants of the KORA F4 study, serum uromodulin is independently associated with T2D in men, but is no predictor of future development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology at UNIKAT Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scherberich
- Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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Horan AA, Albsoul-Younes A, Kasabri V, Suyagh M, Halaseh L, AlAlawi S. Correlates of resistin and retinol-binding protein 4 in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2019; 37:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0051/hmbci-2018-0051.xml. [PMID: 30667366 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) can work in an intricate in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prediabetes (PreDM) molecular crosstalk. Materials and methods Resistin and RBP4 were evaluated using colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in 29 normoglycemic MetS, 30 newly diagnosed drug naïve MetS-preDM patients and 29 lean and normoglycemic controls. Results In this cross-sectional design; the gradual increase in resistin levels (ng/mL), though not ascribed any statistically marked variation, was appreciable in both normoglycemic and preDM MetS groups vs. controls. RBP4 mean circulating levels (ng/mL) in both MetS groups (non-diabetic and preDM) invariably lacked discrepancy vs. controls. Except for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and A1C; no further intergroup discrepancy could be identified between MetS arms. Adiposity indices: body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (but not conicity index) were substantially higher in both MetS (non- and preDM) groups vs. those of controls. Likewise, the atherogenicity index of plasma [but not non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (nonHDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, or triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio] or any of the hematological indices [red cell distribution width (RDW-CV %), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet (PLT) to lymphocyte ratios (PLR)] had any marked variations as compared to controls. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio,visceral adiposity index, and waist circumference (WC)/hip circumference (HC) ratio were noticeably greater in MetS-preDM vs. normoglycemic MetS recruits. Neither biomarker could relate to each other, or any of the atherogenecity indices in 59 MetS participants (non- and preDM). Unlike RBP4; resistin associated proportionally with each of HC, BAI, MLR and NLR. Conclusions Both biomarkers can be putative indicator/surrogate prognostic tools for the prediction/prevention and pharmacotherapy of MetS anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Abu Horan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Maysa Suyagh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Lana Halaseh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sundus AlAlawi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Changes in Liver Gene Expression and Plasma Concentration of Rbp4, Fetuin-A, and Fgf21 in Sprague-Dawley Rats Subjected to Different Dietary Interventions and Bariatric Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3472190. [PMID: 30211220 PMCID: PMC6126060 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3472190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To study the effect of duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) in combination with different dietary patterns on the retinol-binding protein (RBP4), fetuin-A, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plasma levels and their hepatic gene expressions in rats. Methods A high-fat diet (HF) was given to 28 rats and 28 more were fed with a control diet (CD) for 2 months. After that, half of each group underwent either DJOS or SHAM surgery. For the next 2 months, half of the animals in each operation group were kept on the same diet as before and half of them had the diet changed. After 16 weeks of the experiment RBP4, fetuin-A, and FGF21 plasma levels as well as liver Rbp4, Ahsg, and Fgf21 gene expressions were measured. Results DJOS had a reductive impact on plasma levels of RBP4, fetuin-A, and FGF21 and Rbp4, Ahsg, and Fgf21 relative gene expression in the liver when compared to SHAM. The HF/HF group expressed significantly higher RBP4 and fetuin-A plasma levels in comparison to the control. The HF diet used before and/or after surgery led to upregulation of Rbp4, Ahsg, and Fgf21 relative gene expression. The lowest levels of analyzed parameters were observed in the CD/CD group. Conclusions The efficiency of DJOS surgery, measured by hepatokines' plasma levels and their gene expressions in the liver, depends on the type of diet applied before and after surgery. Manipulation of dietary patterns can lead to marked improvements in metabolic profile after DJOS surgery.
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Ding N, Luo S, Yu J, Zhou Y, Wu Z. Vitreous levels of apolipoprotein A1 and retinol binding protein 4 in human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment. Mol Vis 2018; 24:252-260. [PMID: 29618920 PMCID: PMC5870400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to quantify the concentration of apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) and retinol binding protein (RBP4) expressed in the vitreous humors of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and idiopathic epimacular membrane (IEM). This study also aims to investigate the potential role of APOA1 and RBP4 as biomarkers of RRDCD. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to obtain levels of APOA1 and RBP4 from the vitreous humor samples of 76 primary patients. These patients included 23 patients with RRDCD, 28 patients with RRD, and 24 patients with IEM. All patients were undergoing planned pars plana vitrectomy. The differences between the concentrations of the molecular biomarkers among different patient groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test for nonparametric values and independent samples t-test or one-way ANOVA analysis for parametric data. The relationship between the molecular biomarkers, grades of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and quadrants of retinal detachment were analyzed using nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Results The vitreous concentrations of APOA1 and RBP4 were statistically significantly higher in the RRDCD group compared to the RRD and IEM groups. Patients with severe PVR demonstrated a higher concentration of APOA1 and RBP4 compared to those with mild PVR, but this finding was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between APOA1 and RBP4 in the RRDCD and RRD groups. Nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that levels of APOA1 and RBP4 increased statistically significantly with an increasing number of detached retinal quadrants in the RRDCD and RRD groups. Conclusions The findings of this study allude to the potential of APOA1 and RBP4 as specific biomarkers of RRDCD. The findings of this study may contribute to increased understanding regarding the role of APOA1 and RBP4 in RRDCD.
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Jing L, Xiao M, Dong H, Lin J, Chen G, Ling W, Chen Y. Serum Carotenoids Are Inversely Associated with RBP4 and Other Inflammatory Markers in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030260. [PMID: 29495330 PMCID: PMC5872678 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Carotenoids may be inversely associated with inflammatory markers (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). However, data are scarce on retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in humans. We examined the associations among serum carotenoids, RBP4 and several inflammatory markers in a Chinese population. (2) Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study included 3031 participants (68% males) aged 40-75 years in Guangzhou, China. Serum concentrations of carotenoids, RBP4, and inflammatory markers were measured. (3) Results: Generally, serum individual and total carotenoids were significantly and inversely associated with retinol-adjusted RBP4, RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1, and TNF-alpha levels. Age- and gender-adjusted partial correlation coefficients between total carotenoids and the above inflammatory markers were -0.129, -0.097, -0.159, -0.079, and -0.014 (all p < 0.01, except for TNF-alpha with p >0.05), respectively. The multivariate-adjusted values of partial correlation coefficients for these inflammation-related markers were -0.098, -0.079, -0.114, -0.090, and -0.079 (all p < 0.01), respectively. Among the individual carotenoids, those with the most predominant association were lutein-zeaxanthin and total carotenoids for retinol-adjusted RBP4 and RBP4, alpha- and beta-carotene for hsCRP, and alpha-carotene for MCP1 and TNF-alpha. No significant associations were observed for IL-6 and IL-1beta. (4) Conclusions: Serum carotenoids were inversely associated with RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1 and TNF-alpha among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Jing
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Mianli Xiao
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hongli Dong
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiesheng Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Gengdong Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Martinez-Herrera M, Silvestre FJ, Silvestre-Rangil J, López-Domènech S, Bañuls C, Rocha M. Levels of serum retinol-binding protein 4 before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment in lean and obese subjects: An interventional study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 45:336-344. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Martinez-Herrera
- Service of Stomatology; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Department of Stomatology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Silvestre
- Service of Stomatology; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- Department of Stomatology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition; University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group; CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Rist PM, Jiménez MC, Tworoger SS, Hu FB, Manson JE, Sun Q, Rexrode KM. Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke among Women. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 27:68-75. [PMID: 28888344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and risk of coronary heart disease, but little is known about the association between RBP4 and the risk of ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that elevated RBP4 levels would be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke among women. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study among women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood samples between 1989 and 1990 and were free of prior stroke and cancer. We measured prediagnostic RBP4 levels in 471 ischemic stroke cases who were confirmed by medical record review and in 471 controls who were matched 1:1 to the cases on age, race, blood collection date, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status. We analyzed the association between RBP4 levels and ischemic stroke using multivariable conditional logistic regression conditional on the matching factors and adjusted for physical activity, body mass index, aspirin use, alcohol consumption, diet, history of diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or heart disease, and cholesterol and hemoglobin A1C levels. RESULTS Median levels of RBP4 were similar in cases (31.1 µg/mL) and controls (31.0 µg/mL; P value from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test = .82). Quartiles of RBP4 were not associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (highest quartile compared to lowest quartile: multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, .75; 95% confidence interval, .48, 1.17). We also did not observe associations between RBP4 and ischemic stroke of thrombotic or embolic origin. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of RBP4 were not associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Rist
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Monik C Jiménez
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Codoñer-Franch P, Carrasco-Luna J, Allepuz P, Codoñer-Alejos A, Guillem V. Association of RBP4 genetic variants with childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:576-583. [PMID: 26611784 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene variants could be associated with a risk of obesity and its co-morbidities, such as metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES The present study examined the potential association of RBP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with childhood obesity and its metabolic complications. METHODS Four RBP4 SNPs, rs3758538 (3944A>C), rs3758539 (4406G>A), rs12265684 (12177G>C) and rs34571439 (14684T>G), were genotyped in a population of 180 Spanish Caucasian children (97 obese and 83 normal-weight children). Association of RBP4 SNPs with obesity, metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance) and markers of vascular inflammation, such as high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), was tested. RESULTS We found SNP rs3758538 to be associated with obesity (p = 0.007). Specifically, each copy of the minor allele C was associated with an increased risk of obesity, by more than twofold, in respect of being homozygous for the major allele A (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-4.8). The rs3758538 and rs34571439 RBP4 SNPs correlated with plasma RBP4 levels. The SNPs rs12265684 and rs34571439 correlated with plasma triglyceride levels. The rs34571439 was also associated to hs-CRP levels. Marginal association of RBP4 SNPs with plasma high-density lipoprotein levels (rs34571439), blood pressure (rs12265684) and insulin resistance (rs3758539) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that childhood obesity may be associated with variations in RBP4 gene. The presence of selective SNPs in the RBP4 gene may account for metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Carrasco-Luna
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Allepuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alan Codoñer-Alejos
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Guillem
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Medical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Smith U, Kahn BB. Adipose tissue regulates insulin sensitivity: role of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis and novel lipids. J Intern Med 2016; 280:465-475. [PMID: 27699898 PMCID: PMC5218584 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, the major cause of the current global epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D), induces insulin resistance in peripheral insulin target tissues. Several mechanisms have been identified related to cross-talk between adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. These mechanisms involve both increased free fatty acid release and altered secretion of adipokines from adipose tissue. A major determinant of metabolic health is the ability of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to store excess fat rather than allowing it to accumulate in ectopic depots including liver (i.e. in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), muscle and heart, or in epicardial/pericardial and visceral fat depots which promote the metabolic complications of obesity. The ability to recruit and differentiate precursor cells into adipose cells (adipogenesis) in SAT is under genetic regulation and is reduced in high-risk individuals who have first-degree relatives with T2D. Early recruitment of new adipose cells is dependent on the cross-talk between canonical WNT and BMP4 signalling; WNT enhances their undifferentiated and proliferative state whereas BMP4 induces their commitment to the adipogenic lineage. Dysregulation of these signalling pathways is associated with impaired adipogenesis and impaired ability to respond to the need to store excess lipids in SAT. This leads to hypertrophic, dysfunctional and insulin-resistant adipose cells with a reduced content of GLUT4, the major insulin-regulated glucose transporter, which in turn reduces adipose tissue glucose uptake and de novo lipogenesis. We recently identified that reduced GLUT4 and lipogenesis in adipocytes impairs the synthesis of a novel family of lipids secreted by adipose tissue (and potentially other tissues), branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). FAHFAs have beneficial metabolic effects, including enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose-stimulated GLP1 and insulin secretion, as well as powerful anti-inflammatory effects. FAHFA levels are reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue in insulin-resistant individuals, and this novel family of lipids may become of future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Smith
- Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - B B Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu G, Ding M, Chiuve SE, Rimm EB, Franks PW, Meigs JB, Hu FB, Sun Q. Plasma Levels of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4, Retinol-Binding Protein 4, High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin, and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Men With Type 2 Diabetes: A 22-Year Prospective Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2259-2267. [PMID: 27609367 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine select adipokines, including fatty acid-binding protein 4, retinol-binding protein 4, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. APPROACH AND RESULTS Plasma levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4, retinol-binding protein 4, and HMW adiponectin were measured in 950 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. After an average of 22 years of follow-up (1993-2015), 580 deaths occurred, of whom 220 died of CVD. After multivariate adjustment for covariates, higher levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 were significantly associated with a higher CVD mortality: comparing extreme tertiles, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of CVD mortality was 1.78 (1.22-2.59; P trend=0.001). A positive association was also observed for HMW adiponectin: the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.07 (1.42-3.06; P trend=0.0002), comparing extreme tertiles, whereas higher retinol-binding protein 4 levels were nonsignificantly associated with a decreased CVD mortality with an hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.73 (0.50-1.07; P trend=0.09). A Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that the causal relationships of HMW adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 would be directionally opposite to those observed based on the biomarkers, although none of the Mendelian randomization associations achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that higher levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and HMW adiponectin are associated with elevated CVD mortality among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biological mechanisms underlying these observations deserve elucidation, but the associations of HMW adiponectin may partially reflect altered adipose tissue functionality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - Ming Ding
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - Stephanie E Chiuve
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - Eric B Rimm
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - Paul W Franks
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - James B Meigs
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - Frank B Hu
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.)
| | - Qi Sun
- From the Department of Nutrition (G.L., M.D., S.E.C., E.B.R., P.W.F., F.B.H., Q.S.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.B.R., F.B.H.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Preventive Medicine (S.E.C.) and Channing Division of Network Medicine (E.B.R., F.B.H., Q.S.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden (P.W.F.); Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden (P.W.F.); Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.B.M.); and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA (J.B.M.).
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von Toerne C, Huth C, de Las Heras Gala T, Kronenberg F, Herder C, Koenig W, Meisinger C, Rathmann W, Waldenberger M, Roden M, Peters A, Thorand B, Hauck SM. MASP1, THBS1, GPLD1 and ApoA-IV are novel biomarkers associated with prediabetes: the KORA F4 study. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1882-92. [PMID: 27344311 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals at a high risk of type 2 diabetes demonstrate moderate impairments in glucose metabolism years before the clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes, a state called 'prediabetes'. In order to elucidate the pathophysiological processes leading to type 2 diabetes, we aimed to identify protein biomarkers associated with prediabetes. METHODS In a proteomics study, we used targeted selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS to quantify 23 candidate proteins in the plasma of 439 randomly selected men and women aged 47-76 years from the population-based German KORA F4 study. Cross-sectional associations of protein levels with prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance), type 2 diabetes, glucose levels in both the fasting state and 2 h after an OGTT, fasting insulin and insulin resistance were investigated using regression models adjusted for technical covariables, age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, actual hypertension, triacylglycerol levels, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. RESULTS Mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1 (MASP1; OR per SD 1.77 [95% CI 1.26, 2.47]), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1; OR per SD 1.55 [95% CI 1.16, 2.07]) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1; OR per SD 1.40 [95% CI 1.01, 1.94]) were positively associated with prediabetes, and apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV; OR per SD 0.75 [95% CI 0.56, 1.00]) was inversely associated with prediabetes. MASP1 was positively associated with fasting and 2 h glucose levels. ApoA-IV was inversely and THBS1 was positively associated with 2 h glucose levels. MASP1 associations with prediabetes and fasting glucose resisted Bonferroni correction. Type 2 diabetes associations were partly influenced by glucose-lowering medication. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We discovered novel and independent associations of prediabetes and related traits with MASP1, and some evidence for associations with THBS1, GPLD1 and ApoA-IV, suggesting a role for these proteins in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Huth
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tonia de Las Heras Gala
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry, Central Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Tiller D, Ittermann T, Greiser KH, Meisinger C, Agger C, Hofman A, Thuesen B, Linneberg A, Peeters R, Franco O, Heier M, Kluttig A, Werdan K, Stricker B, Schipf S, Markus M, Dörr M, Völzke H, Haerting J. Association of Serum Thyrotropin with Anthropometric Markers of Obesity in the General Population. Thyroid 2016; 26:1205-14. [PMID: 27393002 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except from associations study with body weight, there are few longitudinal data regarding the association between thyroid function and anthropometric measurements such as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or waist-to height ratio. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of thyrotropin (TSH) at baseline with changes in different anthropometric markers between baseline and follow-up in the general population. METHOD Data were used from four population-based longitudinal cohort studies and one population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 16,902 (8204 males) subjects aged 20-95 years from the general population were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were measured. Multivariable median regression models were calculated adjusting for the following covariates: age, sex, baseline value of the respective anthropometric marker, smoking status, follow-up-time period, and study site. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, serum TSH within the reference range was positively associated with waist circumference (β = 0.94 cm [confidence interval (CI) 0.56-1.32]) and waist-to-height-ratio (β = 0.029 [CI 0.017-0.042]). These associations were also present for the full range of TSH. In the longitudinal analyses, serum TSH at baseline was inversely associated with a five-year change of all considered anthropometric measures within the prior defined study-specific reference range, as well as in the full range of serum TSH. CONCLUSION High TSH serum levels were positively associated with current anthropometric markers, even in the study-specific reference ranges. In contrast, high TSH serum levels were associated with decreased anthropometric markers over a time span of approximately five years. Further research is needed to determine possible clinical implications as well as public health consequences of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tiller
- 1 Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- 2 Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karin H Greiser
- 1 Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle (Saale), Germany
- 3 German Cancer Research Centre , Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- 4 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , München, Germany
| | - Carsten Agger
- 5 Research Centre for Prevention and Health , the Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Albert Hofman
- 6 Department of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betina Thuesen
- 5 Research Centre for Prevention and Health , the Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- 5 Research Centre for Prevention and Health , the Capital Region, Denmark
- 7 Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet , Glostrup, Denmark
- 8 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Peeters
- 5 Research Centre for Prevention and Health , the Capital Region, Denmark
- 9 Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Franco
- 6 Department of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margit Heier
- 4 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , München, Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- 1 Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karl Werdan
- 10 Department of Medicine III, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bruno Stricker
- 6 Department of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schipf
- 2 Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcello Markus
- 2 Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
- 11 Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
- 12 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- 11 Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
- 12 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- 2 Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
- 12 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Haerting
- 1 Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle (Saale), Germany
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Altered relation of the renin-aldosterone system and vasoactive peptides in type 2 diabetes: The KORA F4 study. Atherosclerosis 2016; 252:88-96. [PMID: 27508320 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The exact mechanism of premature atherosclerosis in diabetes is still unclear. Inappropriate activation of the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system may be an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether renin and aldosterone are associated with vasoactive peptides midregional-pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and midregional-pro adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), or with intima media thickness (IMT) as a marker for early atherosclerotic alterations in the general community and in subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In 1261 participants in the KORA F4 study, the associations of renin, aldosterone and aldosterone to renin ratio with MR-proANP, MR-proADM and IMT were assessed using linear regression models stratified for the presence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors, an inverse association of MR-proANP with renin (p = 0.002) and aldosterone (p = 0.021) and a direct association of MR-proADM with renin (p < 0.001) and aldosterone (p = 0.019) were seen in nondiabetic individuals. In diabetic subjects, there was no significant correlation of MR-proANP or MR-proADM with renin or aldosterone. Renin and aldosterone were not directly associated with IMT in non-diabetic subjects and the total cohort, whereas aldosterone was associated with IMT in diabetic participants (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS This study shows associations between renin, aldosterone and MR-proANP/MR-proADM plasma levels that are altered in type 2 diabetes. Plasma renin and aldosterone are not independent biomarkers for early atherosclerotic damages of the carotid arteries in the general community.
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Moraes-Vieira PM, Castoldi A, Aryal P, Wellenstein K, Peroni OD, Kahn BB. Antigen Presentation and T-Cell Activation Are Critical for RBP4-Induced Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2016; 65:1317-27. [PMID: 26936962 PMCID: PMC4839203 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation contributes to impaired insulin action, which is a major cause of type 2 diabetes. RBP4 is an adipocyte- and liver-derived protein with an important role in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and AT inflammation. RBP4 elevation causes AT inflammation by activating innate immunity, which elicits an adaptive immune response. RBP4-overexpressing mice (RBP4-Ox) are insulin resistant and glucose intolerant and have increased AT macrophages and T-helper 1 cells. We show that high-fat diet-fed RBP4(-/-) mice have reduced AT inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity versus wild type. We also elucidate the mechanism for RBP4-induced macrophage antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation. In RBP4-Ox, AT macrophages display enhanced c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-related kinase, and p38 phosphorylation. Inhibition of these pathways and of NF-κB reduces activation of macrophages and CD4 T cells. MyD88 is an adaptor protein involved in proinflammatory signaling. In macrophages from MyD88(-/-) mice, RBP4 fails to stimulate secretion of tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and IL-6 and CD4 T-cell activation. In vivo blockade of antigen presentation by treating RBP4-Ox mice with CTLA4-Ig, which blocks costimulation of T cells, is sufficient to reduce AT inflammation and improve insulin resistance. Thus, MyD88 and downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB pathways are necessary for RBP4-induced macrophage antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation. Also, blocking antigen presentation with CTLA4-Ig improves RBP4-induced insulin resistance and macrophage-induced T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pratik Aryal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry Wellenstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Odile D Peroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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40
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Transcriptomic analysis of human placenta in intrauterine growth restriction. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:799-807. [PMID: 25734244 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a frequent complication of pregnancy defined as a restriction of fetal growth. The objective of this work was to improve the knowledge on the pathophysiology of IUGR using a genome-wide method of expression analysis. METHODS We analyzed differentially expressed genes in pooled placental tissues from vascular IUGR (four pools of three placentas) and normal pregnancies (four pools of three placentas) using a long nucleotide microarray platform (Nimblegen). We first did a global bioinformatics analysis based only on P value without any a priori. We secondly focused on "target" genes among the most modified ones. Finally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on an extended panel of tissue samples (n = 62) on selected "target". RESULTS We identified 636 modified genes among which 206 were upregulated (1.5 and higher; P < 0.05). Groups of patients were classified unambiguously. Genes involved in mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation were decreased affecting three out of five complexes of the respiratory chain of the mitochondria, and thus energy production and metabolism. Among the most induced genes, we identified LEP, IGFBP1, and RBP4. CONCLUSION Complementary studies on the role and function of LEP, IGFBP1, and RBP4 in IUGR pathophysiology and also in fetal programming remain necessary.
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Ram J, Snehalatha C, Selvam S, Nanditha A, Shetty AS, Godsland IF, Johnston DG, Ramachandran A. Retinol binding protein-4 predicts incident diabetes in Asian Indian men with prediabetes. Biofactors 2015; 41:160-5. [PMID: 25810022 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The association of retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) with incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Asian Indian middle-aged men with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was studied. This was an ancillary analysis of a subsample from a cohort of participants with IGT in a 2 year prospective diabetes prevention program in India. For this analysis, 71 incident T2DM and 76 non-diabetic cases (non-progressors) based on the final glycemic outcome were selected. Baseline serum RBP4 was measured using competitive enzyme immunoassay. Correlations of RBP4 with relevant anthropometric and biochemical variables and also its association with diabetes were assessed using appropriate statistical analyses. Participants who developed T2DM had higher levels of serum RBP4 (21.3 [IQR: 17.7-24.9] µg/mL) compared with non-progressors (17.3 [IQR: 13.1-21.0] µg/mL; P = 0.001). Levels of RBP4 were lower than in Caucasians. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HbA1c had independent associations with RBP4 levels. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that RBP4 was independently associated with incident diabetes (odds ratio [OR] [95%confidence interval (CI)]: 1.69 [1.18-2.41]; P = 0.004). Adjustment for study group, age, BMI, waist circumference, 2 H plasma glucose, triglycerides, gamma glutamyl transferase, and insulin resistance weakened the significance of its association (OR [95%CI]: 1.65 [1.03-2.66]; P = 0.038).The results of this preliminary analyses showed that baseline serum RBP4 levels were independently associated with incident diabetes in Asian Indian men with IGT. It may be used as an additional predictor of future diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannathan Ram
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Selvam
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Nanditha
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ananth Samith Shetty
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ian F Godsland
- Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Desmond G Johnston
- Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambady Ramachandran
- India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dr. A. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Chennai, 600008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zemany L, Bhanot S, Peroni OD, Murray SF, Moraes-Vieira PM, Castoldi A, Manchem P, Guo S, Monia BP, Kahn BB. Transthyretin Antisense Oligonucleotides Lower Circulating RBP4 Levels and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:1603-14. [PMID: 25524914 PMCID: PMC4407860 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Circulating transthyretin (TTR) is a critical determinant of plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels. Elevated RBP4 levels cause insulin resistance, and the lowering of RBP4 levels improves glucose homeostasis. Since lowering TTR levels increases renal clearance of RBP4, we determined whether decreasing TTR levels with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in obesity. TTR-ASO treatment of mice with genetic or diet-induced obesity resulted in an 80-95% decrease in circulating levels of TTR and RBP4. Treatment with TTR-ASOs, but not control ASOs, decreased insulin levels by 30-60% and improved insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice and high-fat diet-fed mice as early as after 2 weeks of treatment. The reduced insulin levels were sustained for up to 9 weeks of treatment and were associated with reduced adipose tissue inflammation. Body weight was not changed. TTR-ASO treatment decreased LDL cholesterol in high-fat diet-fed mice. The glucose infusion rate during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was increased by 50% in high-fat diet-fed mice treated with TTR-ASOs, demonstrating improved insulin sensitivity. This was also demonstrated by 20% greater inhibition of hepatic glucose production, a 45-60% increase of glucose uptake into skeletal and cardiac muscle, and a twofold increase in insulin signaling in muscle. These data show that decreasing circulating TTR levels or altering TTR-RBP4 binding could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zemany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Odile D Peroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Kraus BJ, Sartoretto JL, Polak P, Hosooka T, Shiroto T, Eskurza I, Lee SA, Jiang H, Michel T, Kahn BB. Novel role for retinol-binding protein 4 in the regulation of blood pressure. FASEB J 2015; 29:3133-40. [PMID: 25911613 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) contribute to insulin resistance and correlate with increased prevalence of hypertension and myocardial infarction. We sought to determine whether lowering RBP4 would improve blood pressure (BP) and protect against obesity- or angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced hypertension. Systolic and diastolic BP were lower in the RBP4-knockout (RBP4-KO) mice and higher in the RBP4-overexpressing (RBP4-Tg) mice compared with BP in the wild-type (WT) littermates. Carbachol-induced vasodilatation was increased in arteries from the RBP4-KO compared with the WT mice and was impaired in the RBP4-Tg mice. Aortic eNOS(Ser1177) phosphorylation was enhanced ∼50% in the RBP4-KO mice, with no change in total eNOS protein. Feeding a high-fat diet increased BP in the RBP4-KO mice only to the level in the WT mice fed chow and had no effect on aortic eNOS(Ser1177) phosphorylation. Ang-II infusion resulted in 22 mmHg lower systolic BP in the RBP4-KO than in the WT mice, although the relative BP increase over saline infusion was ∼30% in both. Ang-II treatment decreased aortic eNOS(Ser1177) phosphorylation in the WT and RBP4-KO mice, but phosphorylation remained higher in the RBP4-KO mice. Cardiac hypertrophy with Ang-II treatment was diminished by 56% in the RBP4-KO mice. Thus, elevated serum RBP4 raises BP and lack of RBP4 reduces it, with commensurate changes in aortic eNOS(Ser1177) phosphorylation. Lowering RBP4 may reduce BP through enhanced eNOS-mediated vasodilatation and may be a novel therapeutic approach for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina J Kraus
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juliano L Sartoretto
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pazit Polak
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takashi Shiroto
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iratxe Eskurza
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- *Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Higuchi K, Saito I, Maruyama K, Eguchi E, Mori H, Tanno S, Sakurai S, Kishida T, Nishida W, Osawa H, Tanigawa T. Associations of serum β-carotene and retinol concentrations with insulin resistance: the Toon Health Study. Nutrition 2015; 31:975-80. [PMID: 26059371 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although green and yellow vegetables have beneficial effects against type 2 diabetes, the relationship of their nutritive content with insulin resistance is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of serum β-carotene and retinol concentrations with glucose and insulin concentrations. METHODS We recruited 951 Japanese men and women ages 30 to 79 y who were not undergoing treatment for diabetes and measured their serum β-carotene and retinol concentrations. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda Index were calculated as measures of insulin resistance. Several confounding factors were adjusted for with multivariable logistic models. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of the highest quartile of serum β-carotene compared with the lowest quartile for HOMA-IR >1.6 and Matsuda Index <4.9 were 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.94) and 0.62 (0.37-1.02), respectively. When stratified by sex and overweight status, these associations were observed for women and non-overweight individuals. Serum retinol concentration was not associated with either index. Furthermore, according to the nutritional survey, serum β-carotene concentration was associated with green and yellow vegetable intake (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that higher serum β-carotene levels, associated with higher intake of green and yellow vegetables, confer beneficial effects against insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Higuchi
- Department of Basic Nursing and Health Science, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Basic Nursing and Health Science, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Department of Basic Medical Research and Education, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan; Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mori
- Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Sakurako Tanno
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Tenri, Japan
| | - Taro Kishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishida
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan; Nishida Wataru Diabetes Clinic, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Japan
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Then C, Kowall B, Lechner A, Meisinger C, Heier M, Koenig W, Peters A, Rathmann W, Seissler J. Plasma copeptin is associated with type 2 diabetes in men but not in women in the population-based KORA F4 study. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:103-12. [PMID: 25011650 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma CT-pro-vasopressin (copeptin) has been described as biomarkers for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which, however, was not confirmed by all studies. Here, we analyzed the association of copeptin with T2D, MetS and MetS components in the population-based KORA F4 study. Plasma copeptin concentrations were analyzed in 1,554 study participants. We used fractional polynomial selection procedures to check for nonlinearity of the associations between copeptin and T2D and HbA1c, respectively. In logistic regression models, we investigated associations between copeptin and T2D, MetS and its components according to IDF criteria. In the fractional polynomial approach, linear models fitted best for copeptin. In multivariable adjusted models, copeptin as a continuous variable was associated with T2D and HbA1c only in men (OR = 1.38 per standard deviation, 95 % CI 1.13-1.70 for T2D). Comparing the top quartile Q4 versus Q1-3, elevated copeptin was associated with T2D (OR 2.70, 95 % CI 1.60-4.59) in men but not in women (OR 0.98, 95 % CI 0.52-1.83). Copeptin was not significantly associated with MetS, central obesity, triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol. A significant association with copeptin was observed for hypertension in women (OR 1.59, 95 % CI 1.08-2.33) and glucose dysfunction according to IDF criteria in men (OR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.14-2.34). In the KORA F4 study, copeptin was significantly associated with T2D only in men, whereas hypertension was associated with copeptin in women. No other components of the MetS were related to elevated copeptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany,
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Sun L, Qi Q, Zong G, Ye X, Li H, Liu X, Zheng H, Hu FB, Liu Y, Lin X. Elevated plasma retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. J Nutr 2014; 144:722-8. [PMID: 24647386 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.189860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and risk of type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent in cross-sectional studies, but prospective evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate whether plasma RBP4 is associated with future development of type 2 diabetes and whether the association could be explained by iron or other risk factors. A total of 2091 Chinese adults aged 50-70 y were followed up for 6 y. Baseline dietary intakes and fasting plasma RBP4, ferritin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), γ-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, and erythrocyte fatty acids were determined. Self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes, or usage of antidiabetic agents, or fasting plasma glucose concentration at the follow-up visit ≥7.0 mmol/L was defined as an incident diabetes case. Plasma RBP4 concentration was significantly associated with dietary heme iron intake, plasma ferritin concentration, and other established risk factors. After multivariate adjustment for demographic and lifestyle variables, relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes when the extreme quartiles of RBP4 were compared was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.37; P-trend < 0.001). This association remained significant when the extreme quartiles were compared (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.05; P-trend = 0.036) after further controlling for ferritin and dietary factors, as well as other risk factors, including body mass index, adiponectin, CRP, lipids, liver and kidney function, insulin resistance, and hypertension. A threshold effect of RBP4 concentrations on incident diabetes was suggested by restricted quadratic spline analysis (P = 0.026 for nonlinearity). Our study indicates that plasma RBP4 is independently associated with the 6-y risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences
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Moraes-Vieira PM, Yore MM, Dwyer PM, Syed I, Aryal P, Kahn BB. RBP4 activates antigen-presenting cells, leading to adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2014; 19:512-26. [PMID: 24606904 PMCID: PMC4078000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major cause of diabetes and is highly associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity. RBP4, a retinol transporter, is elevated in insulin resistance and contributes to increased diabetes risk. We aimed to determine the mechanisms for RBP4-induced insulin resistance. Here we show that RBP4 elevation causes AT inflammation by activating innate immunity that elicits an adaptive immune response. RBP4-overexpressing mice (RBP4-Ox) are insulin resistant and glucose intolerant and have increased AT macrophage and CD4 T cell infiltration. In RBP4-Ox, AT CD206(+) macrophages express proinflammatory markers and activate CD4 T cells while maintaining alternatively activated macrophage markers. These effects result from direct activation of AT antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by RBP4 through a JNK-dependent pathway. Transfer of RBP4-activated APCs into normal mice is sufficient to induce AT inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Thus, RBP4 causes insulin resistance, at least partly, by activating AT APCs that induce CD4 T cell Th1 polarization and AT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark M Yore
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter M Dwyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ismail Syed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pratik Aryal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Meisinger C, Ittermann T, Tiller D, Agger C, Nauck M, Schipf S, Wallaschofski H, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A, Thiery J, Kluttig A, Greiser KH, Werdan K, Burkhardt K, Völzke H. Sex-specific associations between thyrotropin and serum lipid profiles. Thyroid 2014; 24:424-32. [PMID: 24102572 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies investigating the sex-specific association between thyrotropin (TSH) levels and serum lipid concentrations are scarce. We examined the association between TSH and total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides in men and women from the general population. Furthermore, the association with TSH outside and within the reference range and lipid levels was studied. METHODS Individual data of 13,571 men and women without lipid medication of four population-based studies conducted in Western European adults were pooled for cross-sectional analyses. The association between TSH levels and lipid concentrations were analyzed by calculating sex-specific multivariable median regression models. RESULTS In the pooled population, serum TSH levels were significantly positively associated with triglyceride values in men and with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride values in women. In the pooled male population, low serum TSH levels (<3.0 mIU/L) were significantly associated with lower total cholesterol, while high serum TSH levels (≥ 3.0 mIU/L) were associated with higher triglyceride values. In the pooled female population, low serum TSH levels were significantly associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. High TSH levels were associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the pooled female population. In both sexes, serum TSH levels within the reference range (0.3-3.0 mIU/L) were significantly positively associated with triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Increasing levels of TSH were associated with a less favorable lipid profile in both men and women from the general population. In both sexes, TSH levels within the reference range were significantly positively associated with triglyceride concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Meisinger
- 1 Institute of Epidemiology II , Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Downregulation of STRA6 in adipocytes and adipose stromovascular fraction in obesity and effects of adipocyte-specific STRA6 knockdown in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1170-86. [PMID: 24421389 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01106-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms by which elevated retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) causes insulin resistance, we studied the role of the high-affinity receptor for RBP4, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid), in insulin resistance and obesity. In high-fat-diet-fed and ob/ob mice, STRA6 expression was decreased 70 to 95% in perigonadal adipocytes and both perigonadal and subcutaneous adipose stromovascular cells. To determine whether downregulation of STRA6 in adipocytes contributes to insulin resistance, we generated adipose-Stra6(-/-) mice. Adipose-Stra6(-/-) mice fed chow had decreased body weight, fat mass, leptin levels, insulin levels, and adipocyte number and increased expression of brown fat-selective markers in white adipose tissue. When fed a high-fat diet, these mice had a mild improvement in insulin sensitivity at an age when adiposity was unchanged. STRA6 has been implicated in retinol uptake, but retinol uptake and the expression of retinoid homeostatic genes (encoding retinoic acid receptor β [RARβ], CYP26A1, and lecithin retinol acyltransferase) were not altered in adipocytes from adipose-Stra6(-/-) mice, indicating that retinoid homeostasis was maintained with STRA6 knockdown. Thus, STRA6 reduction in adipocytes in adipose-Stra6(-/-) mice fed chow resulted in leanness, which may contribute to their increased insulin sensitivity. However, in wild-type mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity and in ob/ob mice, the marked downregulation of STRA6 in adipocytes and adipose stromovascular cells does not compensate for obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Then C, Kowall B, Lechner A, Meisinger C, Heier M, Koenig W, Peters A, Thiery J, Rathmann W, Seissler J. Plasma copeptin levels are inversely associated with intima-media-thickness in men: the population-based KORA F4 study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:168. [PMID: 24215469 PMCID: PMC3827501 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated plasma preprovasopressin (copeptin) levels are associated with cardiovascular complications as well as with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we studied, whether plasma copeptin is related to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a measure of early atherosclerosis, and may thus be one explanation for the high cardiovascular risk in T2D. Methods Plasma concentrations of copeptin and IMT of the common carotid artery were determined in 1275 participants of the population-based KORA F4 study. We used linear regression models to investigate associations between copeptin levels and IMT. Results In the whole study group, copeptin levels were not significantly associated with IMT after adjustment for age and sex. Copeptin and IMT were significantly inversely associated after multivariable adjustment in the total cohort (β = -0.020 mm, 95% CI: -0.037 mm; -0.003 mm), in men (β = -0.035 mm, 95% CI: -0.061 mm; -0.009 mm) and in study participants with prediabetes (β = -0.041 mm, 95% CI: -0.078 mm; -0.005 mm) comparing quartile 4 vs quartile 1. The negative association of copeptin and IMT in men was present after adjustment for age alone. In women and patients with T2D, copeptin was not significantly associated with IMT. Conclusions Plasma copeptin was not associated with an increased IMT in our study cohort. In contrast, copeptin levels were related to a lower IMT in men and subjects with prediabetes, suggesting that elevated copeptin concentrations do not exert proatherogenic effects on carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum - Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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