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Sousa JN, Sousa BVDO, Santos EPD, Ribeiro GHM, Pereira APM, Guimarães VHD, Queiroz LDRP, Motta-Santos D, Farias LC, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, Santos SHS. Effects of gallic acid and physical training on liver damage, force, and anxiety in obese mice: Hepatic modulation of Sestrin 2 (SESN2) and PGC-α expression. Gene 2024; 926:148606. [PMID: 38788813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are multifactorial diseases affecting more than one-third of the world's population. Physical inactivity contributes to a positive energy balance and the onset of obesity. Exercise combined with a balanced diet is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve obesity-related disorders. Gallic acid (GA), is a natural endogenous polyphenol found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and wines, with beneficial effects on energetic homeostasis. The present study aims to investigate the effects of exercise training on obese mice supplemented with GA. Animal experimentation was performed with male Swiss mice divided into five groups: ST (standard control), HFD (obese control), HFD + GA (GA supplement), HFD + Trained (training), and HFD + GA + Trained (GA and training). The groups are treated for eight weeks with 200 mg/kg/body weight of the feed compound and, if applicable, physical training. The main findings of the present study show that GA supplementation improves liver fat, body weight, adiposity, and plasma insulin levels. In addition, animals treated with the GA and a physical training program demonstrate reduced levels of anxiety. Gene expression analyses show that Sesn2 is activated via PGC-1α independent of the GATOR2 protein, which is activated by GA in the context of physical activity. These data are corroborated by molecular docking analysis, demonstrating the interaction of GA with GATOR2. The present study contributes to understanding the metabolic effects of GA and physical training and demonstrates a new hepatic mechanism of action via Sestrin 2 and PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Berenilde Valéria de Oliveira Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pinheiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Maciel Pereira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena Dos Reis Pereira Queiroz
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Post graduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hosseinzadeh M, Saber N, Bidar SS, Hashemi S, Teymoori F, Mirzaei M, Nadjarzadeh A, Rahideh ST. Association of dietary and lifestyle inflammatory indices with type 2 diabetes risk in Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:131. [PMID: 39085857 PMCID: PMC11292998 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked to chronic inflammation, which can be influenced by both lifestyle and dietary choices. However, the relationship between the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle factors and the risk of developing T2DM remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of the empirical dietary inflammatory index (EDII), dietary inflammatory score (DIS), and lifestyle inflammatory score (LIS) with the risk of T2DM among Iranian adults. METHODS The current study was conducted on 5714 individuals from Yazd Health Study (YaHS) who were followed up for a mean period of six years. YaHS is a prospective cohort study which has been conducted since 2014. Dietary intakes were collected at baseline using the food frequency questionnaire. The relative risk (RR) of T2DM was calculated by Cox regression analysis across tertiles of EDII, DIS, and LIS, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The mean ± SD for the age and body mass index of the study population were 47.0 ± 9.2 years and 26.7 ± 5.1 Kg.m2, respectively. A significant association between LIS and the risk of T2DM was observed (RR: 4.05, 95% CI: 2.61-6.27 P-trend < 0.001). Individuals in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of EDII-LIS (RR: 3.07, 95%CI: 2.01-4.68; P for trend < 0.001) and DIS-LIS (RR: 2.42, 95%CI: 1.69-3.49; P for trend < 0.001) had a higher risk of T2DM. However, no significant association was found between EDII and DIS scores and the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSION Greater adherence to LIS, EDII-LIS, and DIS-LIS scores was associated with a higher risk of T2DM, while no significant association was found between EDII and DIS with T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Niloufar Saber
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogol Hashemi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Małkowska P. Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5467-5487. [PMID: 38920999 PMCID: PMC11202552 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is integral to metabolic health, particularly in addressing insulin resistance and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies consistently demonstrate a strong association between physical activity levels and insulin sensitivity. Regular exercise interventions were shown to significantly improve glycemic control, highlighting exercise as a recommended therapeutic strategy for reducing insulin resistance. Physical inactivity is closely linked to islet cell insufficiency, exacerbating insulin resistance through various pathways including ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Conversely, physical training and exercise preserve and restore islet function, enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity. Exercise interventions stimulate β-cell proliferation through increased circulating levels of growth factors, further emphasizing its role in maintaining pancreatic health and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sedentary lifestyles contribute to elevated oxidative stress levels and ceramide production, impairing insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Regular exercise induces anti-inflammatory responses, enhances antioxidant defenses, and promotes mitochondrial function, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic efficiency. Encouraging individuals to adopt active lifestyles and engage in regular exercise is crucial for preventing and managing insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders, ultimately promoting overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Małkowska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
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Differential Association of Selected Adipocytokines, Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, Visfatin and Chemerin, with the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: A Case Control Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050735. [PMID: 35629157 PMCID: PMC9143828 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sedentary lifestyles, urbanization and improvements in socio-economic status have had serious effects on the burden of diabetes across the world. Diabetes is one of the 10 leading causes of death globally, and individuals with diabetes have a 2–3-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality. Adipose tissue is increasingly understood as a highly active endocrine gland that secretes many biologically active substances, including adipocytokines. However, the exact and discrete pathophysiological links between obesity and T2DM are not yet fully elucidated. Methods: In the current study, we present the association of five diverse adipocytokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin and chemerin, with T2DM in 87 patients (46 males and 41 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 85 healthy controls (44 males and 41 females) from the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. The patients were divided into four groups: normal BMI, overweight, obese and severely obese. The baseline biochemical characteristics, including HbA1c and anthropometric lipid indices, such as BMI and waist–hip ratio, were determined by standard procedures, whereas the selected adipokine levels were assayed by ELISA. Results: The results showed significantly decreased levels of adiponectin in the T2DM patients compared to the control group, and the decrease was more pronounced in obese and severely obese T2DM patients. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the females compared to the males in the controls as well as all the four groups of T2DM patients. In the male T2DM patients, a progressive increase was observed in the leptin levels as the BMI increased, although these only reached significantly altered levels in the obese and severely obese patients. The serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the severely obese female patients compared to the controls, patients with normal BMI, and overweight patients. The leptin/adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in the obese and severely obese patients compared to the controls, patients with normal BMI, and overweight patients in both genders. The serum resistin levels did not show any significant differences between the males and females in thr controls or in the T2DM groups, irrespective of the BMI status of the T2DM patients. The visfatin levels did not reveal any significant gender-based differences, but significantly higher levels of visfatin were observed in the T2DM patients, irrespective of their level of obesity, although the higher values were observed in the obese and highly obese patients. Similarly, the serum chemerin levels in the controls, as well as in T2DM patients, did not show any significant gender-based differences. However, in the T2DM patients, the chemerin levels showed a progressive increase, with the increase in BMI reaching highly significant levels in the obese and severely obese patients, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, it is concluded that significantly altered concentrations of four adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and chemerin, were found in the T2DM patient group compared to the controls, with more pronounced alterations observed in the obese and highly obese patients. Thus, it can be surmised that these four adipokines play a profound role in the onset, progression and associated complications of T2DM. In view of the relatively small sample size in our study, future prospective studies are needed on a large sample size to explore the in-depth relationship between adipokines and T2DM.
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Trim WV, Walhin JP, Koumanov F, Bouloumié A, Lindsay MA, Travers RL, Turner JE, Thompson D. The Impact of Long-term Physical Inactivity on Adipose Tissue Immunometabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:177-191. [PMID: 34480570 PMCID: PMC8684473 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue and physical inactivity both influence metabolic health and systemic inflammation, but how adipose tissue responds to chronic physical inactivity is unknown. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to characterize the impact of chronic physical inactivity on adipose tissue in healthy, young males. METHODS We collected subcutaneous adipose tissue from 20 healthy, young men before and after 60 days of complete bed rest with energy intake reduced to maintain energy balance and fat mass. We used RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, ex vivo tissue culture, and targeted protein analyses to examine adipose tissue phenotype. RESULTS Our results indicate that the adipose tissue transcriptome, stromal cellular compartment, and insulin signaling protein abundance are largely unaffected by bed rest when fat mass is kept stable. However, there was an increase in the circulating concentration of several adipokines, including plasma leptin, which was associated with inactivity-induced increases in plasma insulin and absent from adipose tissue cultured ex vivo under standardized culture conditions. CONCLUSION Physical inactivity-induced disturbances to adipokine concentrations such as leptin, without changes to fat mass, could have profound metabolic implications outside a clinical facility when energy intake is not tightly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Trim
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Francoise Koumanov
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Mark A Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Rebecca L Travers
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James E Turner
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Fuentes-Romero B, Muñoz-Prieto A, Cerón JJ, Martín-Cuervo M, Iglesias-García M, Aguilera-Tejero E, Díez-Castro E. Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010077. [PMID: 35011183 PMCID: PMC8744951 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity and its associated complications, such as metabolic syndrome, are an increasing problem in both humans and horses in the developed world. Adipose tissue is a key endocrine organ that communicates with other organs by multiple endocrine substances called adipokines. There is evidence to suggest that adipokines may contribute to the regulation of biological processes, such as metabolism, immunity, and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of one of these adipokines in horses, resistin, and its relationship with insulin dysregulation (ID) and inflammation. Seventy-two horses, included in one of the four following groups, were studied: healthy controls, horses with inflammatory conditions, horses with mild, and horses with severe ID. Plasma resistin concentrations were significantly different between groups, and the highest values were recorded in the inflammatory and severe ID groups. The lack of correlation of resistin with basal insulin concentration and the significant correlation of resistin with the inflammatory marker serum amyloid A suggest that, as is the case in humans, plasma resistin concentrations in horses are predominantly related to inflammatory conditions and not to ID. Abstract Obesity and its associated complications, such as metabolic syndrome, are an increasing problem in both humans and horses in the developed world. The expression patterns of resistin differ considerably between species. In rodents, resistin is expressed by adipocytes and is related to obesity and ID. In humans, resistin is predominantly produced by inflammatory cells, and resistin concentrations do not reflect the degree of obesity, although they may predict cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of resistin and its relationship with ID and selected indicators of inflammation in horses. Seventy-two horses, included in one of the four following groups, were studied: healthy controls (C, n = 14), horses with inflammatory conditions (I, n = 21), horses with mild ID (ID1, n = 18), and horses with severe ID (ID2, n = 19). Plasma resistin concentrations were significantly different between groups and the higher values were recorded in the I and ID2 groups (C: 2.38 ± 1.69 ng/mL; I: 6.85 ± 8.38 ng/mL; ID1: 2.41 ± 2.70 ng/mL; ID2: 4.49 ± 3.08 ng/mL). Plasma resistin was not correlated with basal insulin concentrations. A significant (r = 0.336, p = 0.002) correlation was found between resistin and serum amyloid A. Our results show that, as is the case in humans, plasma resistin concentrations in horses are predominantly related to inflammatory conditions and not to ID. Horses with severe ID showed an elevation in resistin that may be secondary to the inflammatory status associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fuentes-Romero
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.J.C.)
| | - José J. Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, University of Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-P.); (J.J.C.)
| | - María Martín-Cuervo
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10004 Cáceres, Spain;
| | | | | | - Elisa Díez-Castro
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.A.-T.); (E.D.-C.)
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Zouhal H, Zare-Kookandeh N, Haghighi MM, Daraei A, de Sousa M, Soltani M, Abderrahman AB, M Tijani J, Hackney AC, Laher I, Saeidi A. Physical activity and adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A literature review and practical applications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:987-1011. [PMID: 33931803 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We review the effects of acute and long-term physical activity on adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Three electronic databases were searched. Studies made in animal models were excluded, while studies based on participants with and without T2D, and also studies with type 1 diabetes were included. Of the 2,450 citations, 63 trials, including randomised control trials, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, met our inclusion criteria. Seventy and five percent of studies reported the effects of physical activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1, and leptin levels. There are no robust results due to variations in exercise modality, intensity, duration, and also differences in cohort characteristics in the literature. Only four studies described the effects of an acute session of physical activity on adipokine levels. Overall, physical activity improves diabetes status by regulating adipokine levels. However, long-term aerobic + resistance training combined with dietary modifications is likely to be a more effective strategy for improving adipokines profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, University of Rennes, 1274, F-35000, Sport, Santé), France.
| | | | | | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of British Columbia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7796727. [PMID: 34660812 PMCID: PMC8516544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zwartjes MSZ, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Produced Metabolites in Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Its Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:531. [PMID: 34436472 PMCID: PMC8398981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and is often, but not invariably, associated with dyslipidemia. The gut microbiota is increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, relatively little focus has been attributed to the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of dyslipidemia and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss current data involved in these processes and point out the therapeutic potentials. We cover the ability of gut microbiota metabolites to alter lipoprotein lipase action, VLDL secretion, and plasma triglyceride levels, and its effects on reverse cholesterol transport, adipocyte dysfunction, and adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, the current intervention strategies for treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia is addressed with emphasis on the role of gut microbiota metabolites and its ability to predict treatment efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max S. Z. Zwartjes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yoldemir SA, Arman Y, Akarsu M, Altun O, Ozcan M, Tukek T. Correlation of glycemic regulation and endotrophin in patients with type 2 Diabetes; pilot study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 33478575 PMCID: PMC7819246 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotrophin is one of the extracellular matrix proteins secreted by adipose tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of changes in blood glucose levels on serum endotrophin levels secreted by adipose tissue and thus on diabetes. METHODS In this prospective pilot study included 78 patients with type 2 diabete (T2D) with hemoglobin A1c level > 9 %. Lifestyle changes were recommended and appropriate medical treatment was initiated to all patients in order to reach the target HbA1c level. Data of anthropometric measurements, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), serum lipid parameters and endotrophin were collected in patients; all examinations were repeated after 3 months. Analysis was performed using Paired-Samles T test and Spearman tests. RESULTS Of patients, 23 were female (54.8 %) and 19 were male (45.2 %). Mean age was 55.2 years, with mean diabetes age of 8.14 ± 5.35 years. After 3 months follow-up, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-reactive protein(CRP), UACR and endotrophin levels were observed to clearly reduce. The variation in serum endotrophin levels examined at the start of the study and in the 3rd month was identified to have a positive correlation with the variation in HbA1c and UACR levels (r = 0.342, p = 0.02; r = 0.484, p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed percentage variation values (δ)-endotrophin levels were only independently correlated with (δ)-UACR (model r2 = 0.257, p value = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS Endotrophin levels decreased significantly with the decrease in HbA1c. Unexpectedly, this reduction in endotrophin levels is closely related to the decrease in UACR, regardless of blood glucose regulation. We think that studies targeting endotrophin will contribute to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diabetic nephropathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengul Aydin Yoldemir
- Internal Medicine Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yucel Arman
- Internal Medicine Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Akarsu
- Internal Medicine Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Altun
- Internal Medicine Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozcan
- Internal Medicine Department, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tufan Tukek
- Faculty of medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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de Souza Teixeira AA, Lira FS, Rosa-Neto JC. Aging with rhythmicity. Is it possible? Physical exercise as a pacemaker. Life Sci 2020; 261:118453. [PMID: 32956663 PMCID: PMC7500276 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual decline in numerous physiological processes, including a reduction in metabolic functions and immunological system. The circadian rhythm plays a vital role in health, and prolonged clock disruptions are associated with chronic diseases. The relationships between clock genes, aging, and immunosenescence are not well understood. Inflammation is an immune response triggered in living organisms in response to the danger associated with pathogens and injury. The term 'inflammaging' has been used to describe the chronic low-grade-inflammation that develops with advancing age and predicts susceptibility to age-related pathologies. Equilibrium between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines is needed for healthy aging and longevity. Sedentary and poor nutrition style life indices a disruption in circadian rhythm promoting an increase in pro-inflammatory factors or leads for chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, signals mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, might accentuate of the muscle loss during aging. Circadian clock is important to maintain the physiological functions, as maintenance of immune system. A strategy for imposes rhythmicity in the physiological systems may be adopted of exercise training routine. The lifelong regular practice of physical exercise decelerates the processes of aging, providing better quality and prolongation of life. Thus, in this review, we will focus on how aging affects circadian rhythms and its relationship to inflammatory processes (inflammaging), as well as the role of physical exercise as a regulator of the circadian rhythm, promoting aging with rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Mollaei M, Abbasi A, Hassan ZM, Pakravan N. The intrinsic and extrinsic elements regulating inflammation. Life Sci 2020; 260:118258. [PMID: 32818542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a sophisticated biological tissue response to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Although the pathological aspects of inflammation are well appreciated, there are still rooms for understanding the physiological functions of the inflammation. Recent studies have focused on mechanisms, context and the role of physiological inflammation. Besides, there have been progress in the comprehension of commensal microbiota, immunometabolism, cancer and intracellular signaling events' roles that impact on the regulation of inflammation. Despite the fact that inflammatory responses are vital through tissue damage, understanding the mechanisms to turn off the finished or unnecessary inflammation is crucial for restoring homeostasis. Inflammation seems to be a smart process that acts like two edges of a sword, meaning that it has both protective and deleterious consequences. Knowing both edges and the regulation processes will help the future understanding and therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | - A Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - N Pakravan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Iran
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13
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Liu Z, Yang C. The impact of sleep medications on physical activity among diabetic older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2020; 41:400-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Liu W, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang S, Cai X, Zhang R, Gong S, Han X, Ji L. Serum leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels in obese and non-obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19052. [PMID: 32028423 PMCID: PMC7015632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in adipocytokine profiles can contribute to peripheral insulin resistance and impairment of insulin production, which are 2 primary pathophysiological mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies of disturbed adipocytokine profiles have resulted in ambiguous findings; therefore, we conducted the current study comparing leptin, resistin, and adiponectin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who had normal body mass index (BMI) and those who were obese.We studied a population-based cohort of healthy participants and those with newly diagnosed T2DM. A normal BMI group was randomly selected; age- and sex-matched obese participants were recruited. Circulating leptin, resistin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured and compared between groups using analysis of variance; binary logistic regression analysis was then performed to compare the normal BMI and obese groups.In total, 85 healthy participants and 38 patients with diabetes (19 with normal BMI and 17 who were obese) were enrolled. After adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, the median leptin concentration was higher in the obese group (6.77 (3.89-10.73) ng/mL) than in the normal BMI group (1.69 (0.80-3.89) ng/mL) (P = .007), whereas the median adiponectin concentration was lower in the obese group (1.03 (0.75-2.36) μg/mL vs 3.36 (0.59-7.63) μg/mL, P = .03). In addition, the adiponectin/leptin ratio was higher in the normal BMI group (145.6 (41.3-495.9) ng/mL) than in the obese group (20.55 (8.74-36.94) ng/mL, P = .002).Compared with the normal BMI T2DM group, the obese T2DM group exhibited a disturbed adipocytokine profile in the form of a significantly increased leptin concentration and reduced adiponectin level. Further studies are needed to determine the causal relationship for this difference and evaluate its importance for personalized diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Siqian Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital
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15
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Farias‐Itao DS, Pasqualucci CA, Nishizawa A, da Silva LFF, Campos FM, Bittencourt MS, da Silva KCS, Leite REP, Grinberg LT, Ferretti‐Rebustini REDL, Jacob‐Filho W, Suemoto CK. B Lymphocytes and Macrophages in the Perivascular Adipose Tissue Are Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis: An Autopsy Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013793. [PMID: 31818216 PMCID: PMC6951066 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophages and T lymphocytes in the perivascular adipose tissue (PvAT) were previously linked to coronary artery disease. However, the role of these cells and B lymphocytes in the human PvAT adjacent to unstable atherosclerotic plaques has not been investigated. Moreover, previous studies were inconclusive on whether PvAT inflammation was restricted to the surroundings of the atheroma plaque. Methods and Results Coronary arteries were freshly dissected with the surrounding PvAT. Atherosclerotic plaques were classified according to the internationally accepted anatomopathological criteria. Immune cells in the PvAT were detected using immunohistochemistry and then quantified. We used linear and logistic regressions with robust standard errors, adjusted for possible confounding factors. In 246 atherosclerotic plaques (205 stable and 41 unstable plaques) from 82 participants (mean age=69.0±14.4 years; 50% men), the percentage of arterial obstruction was positively correlated with the densities of CD68+ macrophages (P=0.003) and CD20+ B lymphocytes (P=0.03) in the periplaque PvAT. The number of cells was greater in the periplaque PvAT than in the distal PvAT (macrophages, P<0.001; B lymphocytes, P=0.04). In addition, the density of macrophages in the periplaque PvAT was greater in the presence of unstable plaques (P=0.03) and was also greater near unstable plaques than in the distal PvAT (P=0.001). CD3+ T lymphocytes were not associated with percentage of obstruction and stable/unstable plaque composition. Conclusions The density of CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages in periplaque PvAT was increased with plaque size, and the CD68+ macrophages were greater near unstable atherosclerotic plaques than near stable lesions. This inflammation was more intense in the periplaque PvAT than in the PvAT distal to the atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Nishizawa
- Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Sommer Bittencourt
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research and Division of Internal MedicineUniversity HospitalUniversity of São PauloBrazil
- Preventive Medicine Center and Cardiology ProgramHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Renata Elaine Paraízo Leite
- Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Discipline of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan Francisco, CA
| | - Renata Eloah de Lucena Ferretti‐Rebustini
- Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Medical‐Surgical Nursing DepartmentUniversity of São Paulo School of NursingSão PauloBrazil
| | - Wilson Jacob‐Filho
- Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Discipline of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Department of PathologyUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Discipline of GeriatricsUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
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16
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Schram A, Ferreira V, Minnella EM, Awasthi R, Carli F, Scheede-Bergdahl C. In-hospital resistance training to encourage early mobilization for enhanced recovery programs after colorectal cancer surgery: A feasibility study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 45:1592-1597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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17
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Importance of the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score (MDRF-IDRS) for mass screening of type 2 diabetes and its complications at primary health care centers of North India. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-018-0710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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18
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Dibaba DT, Judd SE, Gilchrist SC, Cushman M, Pisu M, Safford M, Akinyemiju T. Association between obesity and biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism with cancer mortality in a prospective cohort study. Metabolism 2019; 94:69-76. [PMID: 30802456 PMCID: PMC7401298 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between biomarkers of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation and cancer mortality by obesity status. METHODS Data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort was used to examine the associations between baseline biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CRP) and metabolism (adiponectin, resisting and lipoprotein (a)) with cancer mortality among 1822 participants cancer-free at baseline. Weighted Cox proportional hazard regression with the robust sandwich method was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for baseline covariates and stratified by BMI (normal, overweight/obese) given the significant interaction between biomarkers and BMI (p < 0.1). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 8 years, there were statistically significant associations between cancer mortality and being in the highest vs. lowest tertile of IL-6 (HR: 5.3; 95% CI: 1.6, 17.8), CRP (HR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.0, 11.2) and resistin (HR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.2, 11.2) among participants with normal BMI. IL-6 was also associated with a 3-fold (HR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.5, 8.1) increased risk of cancer mortality among participants with overweight/obesity; however, neither CRP nor resistin was significantly associated with cancer mortality in this group. CONCLUSIONS Higher baseline inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers were associated with significantly increased risk of cancer mortality after adjusting for baseline risk factors and the associations varied by BMI. Cancer patients may benefit from interventions that modulate inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dibaba
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Susan C Gilchrist
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention and Cardiology, University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maria Pisu
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Monika Safford
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomi Akinyemiju
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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19
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Arya R, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Puppala S, Chittoor G, Resendez RG, Mummidi S, Vanamala J, Almasy L, Curran JE, Comuzzie AG, Lehman DM, Jenkinson CP, Lynch JL, DeFronzo RA, Blangero J, Hale DE, Duggirala R, Diego VP. Genetic and environmental (physical fitness and sedentary activity) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican American children and adolescents. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:378-393. [PMID: 29460292 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on genetic and environmental (G × E) interaction effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of G × E interaction effects on CMRFs in Mexican American (MA) children (n = 617, ages 6-17 years). The environments examined were sedentary activity (SA), assessed by recalls from "yesterday" (SAy) and "usually" (SAu) and physical fitness (PF) assessed by Harvard PF scores (HPFS). CMRF data included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and number of metabolic syndrome components (MSC). We examined potential G × E interaction in the phenotypic expression of CMRFs using variance component models and likelihood-based statistical inference. Significant G × SA interactions were identified for six CMRFs: BMI, WC, FI, HOMA-IR, MSC, and HDL, and significant G × HPFS interactions were observed for four CMRFs: BMI, WC, FM, and HOMA-IR. However, after correcting for multiple hypothesis testing, only WC × SAy, FM × SAy, and FI × SAu interactions became marginally significant. After correcting for multiple testing, most of CMRFs exhibited significant G × E interactions (Reduced G × E model vs. Constrained model). These findings provide evidence that genetic factors interact with SA and PF to influence variation in CMRFs, and underscore the need for better understanding of these relationships to develop strategies and interventions to effectively reduce or prevent cardiometabolic risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rector Arya
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vidya S Farook
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sharon P Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Health Medical University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Geetha Chittoor
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, United States of America
| | - Roy G Resendez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- The Obesity Society, 1110 Bonifant St. Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jane L Lynch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel E Hale
- Penn State Hershey Pediatric Endocrinology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent P Diego
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Acevedo-Negrete AP, Porchia LM, Gonzalez-Mejia ME, Torres-Rasgado E, Solis-Cano DG, Ruiz-Vivanco G, Pérez-Fuentes R. The impact of parental history of type 2 diabetes on hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in subjects from central Mexico. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S895-S900. [PMID: 28697997 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are both associated with the development of Type 2 Diabetes and other pathologies; however, the influence of parental history of Type 2 diabetes (PH-T2D) has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of PH-T2D has on the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia and IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1092 subjects (703 non-pregnant females and 389 males) were enrolled for a cross-sectional study. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected. Subjects were allocated according to their PH-T2D: no parents, one parent, or both parents. Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA1 equation (HOMA1-IR). Logistic regression was used to determine the association (odds ratio) between PH-T2D and hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance. RESULTS Increasing degrees of PH-T2D were associated with significant increases in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and HOMA1-IR (p <0.05). Subjects having one or both parents were associated with an increase risk of developing hyperinsulinemia (odds ratio=1.53, 95%CI: 1.12-2.09, and odds ratio=1.92, 95%CI: 1.21-3.06, respectively) and insulin resistance (odds ratio=1.47, 95%CI: 1.08-2.00 and odds ratio=1.77, 95%CI: 1.09-2.87, respectively), when adjusting for age, sex, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides. CONCLUSION The presences of PH-T2D significantly increased the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Acevedo-Negrete
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730 Atlixco, Pue, Mexico
| | - Leonardo M Porchia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730 Atlixco, Pue, Mexico
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Enrique Torres-Rasgado
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Dania G Solis-Cano
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730 Atlixco, Pue, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ruiz-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730 Atlixco, Pue, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730 Atlixco, Pue, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Pue, Mexico.
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21
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Kocot J, Dziemidok P, Kiełczykowska M, Hordyjewska A, Szcześniak G, Musik I. Adipokine Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Depends on Degree of Obesity. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4995-5004. [PMID: 29049270 PMCID: PMC5659140 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fast pace of life, promoting fast food consumption and low physical activity, has resulted in obesity and/or diabetes as being serious social problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate concentrations of selected adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) and to assess the leptin/adiponectin ratio in plasma of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in relation to degree of obesity. Material/Methods The study comprised 92 T2D subjects divided into 4 groups according to BMI value – I (normal body weight), II (overweight), III (obesity), and IV (severe obesity) – and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Each group was divided into male and female subgroups. Plasma concentrations of adipokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In women, leptin concentration was significantly higher in group IV, whereas in men it was higher in groups III and IV than in the control group and groups I and II. Irrespective of sex, a significant decrease in adiponectin level was observed in group III vs. control. There was no significant difference in resistin levels. In women visfatin was markedly enhanced in group III, whereas in men in groups II, III and IV vs. control. Leptin/adiponectin ratio was increased in groups III and IV vs. control in women, whereas in men vs. both control and group I. Conclusions The obese type 2 diabetic patients presented a disturbed adipokine profile, which seems to be an important link between obesity and T2D. The future studies concerning the question if regulating of adipokines’ concentrations could be a promising approach for managing metabolic disorders seem to be well-grounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kocot
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziemidok
- Institute of Public Health, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | | | - Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Irena Musik
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Carli F, Gillis C, Scheede-Bergdahl C. Promoting a culture of prehabilitation for the surgical cancer patient. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:128-133. [PMID: 28067101 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1266081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional rehabilitative approaches to perioperative cancer care have focused on the postoperative period to facilitate the return to presurgical baseline conditions. However, there is some realization that the preoperative period can be a very effective time for intervention as the patients are more amenable to target their physiological condition to prepare to overcome the metabolic cost of the surgical stress. METHODS We undertook a narrative review of the current literature on surgical prehabilitation and discussed the current evidence of preoperative interventions before cancer surgery in order to increase physiological reserve before surgery and accelerate postoperative recovery. RESULTS Published data indicate the positive impact of prehabilitation on postoperative functional capacity and return to daily activities. However, the current evidence on the impact on short- and long-term clinical outcome is limited, and more research needs to be conducted. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings indicate that a group of interventions such as exercise, nutrition and anxiety reduction in the preoperative period can complement the enhanced recovery program and facilitate the return to baseline activities of daily living. It is not clear at this stage whether the preoperative increase in functional capacity mitigates the burden of postoperative morbidities and subsequent cancer therapies. Therefore, more research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carli
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chelsia Gillis
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Celena Scheede-Bergdahl
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill Research, Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Svensson E, Berencsi K, Sander S, Mor A, Rungby J, Nielsen JS, Friborg S, Brandslund I, Christiansen JS, Vaag A, Beck-Nielsen H, Sørensen HT, Thomsen RW. Association of parental history of type 2 diabetes with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: results from the DD2 study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:308-15. [PMID: 26408959 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at the time of T2D diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. We examined the prevalence ratios (PR) of demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinical factors according to parental history, using Poisson regression adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Of 2825 T2D patients, 34% (n = 964) had a parental history of T2D. Parental history was associated with younger age at diagnosis [adjusted (a)PR 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.31) for age <40 years; aPR 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.48) for ages 40-59 years] and with higher baseline fasting plasma glucose [≥7.5 mmol/L, aPR 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.80)], and also tended to be associated with lower beta cell function. In contrast, patients both with and without a parental history had similar occurrence of central obesity [91% vs. 91%], weight gain ≥30 kg since age 20 [52% vs. 53%], and lack of regular physical activity [60% vs. 58%]. Presence of diabetes complications or comorbidities at T2D diagnosis was not associated with parental history. CONCLUSIONS The lack of an association between parental history and adverse lifestyle factors indicates that T2D patients do not inherit a particular propensity for overeating or inactivity, whereas patients with a parental history may have more severe pancreatic beta cell dysfunction at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Svensson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klara Berencsi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Sander
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anil Mor
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Steen Nielsen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Friborg
- Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet and Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reimar Wernich Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jurdana M, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Mohorko N, Petelin A, Jakus T, Šimunič B, Pišot R. Impact of 14-day bed rest on serum adipokines and low-grade inflammation in younger and older adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:116. [PMID: 26564239 PMCID: PMC5005849 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ageing and inactivity both contribute to systemic inflammation, but the effects of inactivity on inflammation in healthy elderly individuals have not been elucidated. We hypothesised that 14-day bed rest could affect the pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in young subjects differently than in older adults. A short-term 14-day horizontal bed rest study (BR14) has been used as a model of inactivity in two groups of healthy male volunteers: 7 aged 18-30 years (young) and 16 aged 55-65 years (older adults). The effects of inactivity on inflammation were compared. Key low-grade inflammation mediators, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), visfatin, resistin, and anti-inflammatory adiponectin were measured in fasting serum samples, collected at baseline (BDC) and post BR14. Young responded to BR14 by increasing serum visfatin and resistin while older adults responded to BR14 by increasing IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, serum adiponectin increased in all participants. Data from correlation analysis demonstrated positive association between Δ serum visfatin and Δ IL-6 in both groups, while Δ serum adiponectin was negatively associated with Δ TNF-α in young and positively associated with Δ resistin in the older adults. As little as 14 days of complete physical inactivity (BR14) negatively affected markers of low-grade inflammation in both groups, but the inflammation after BR14 was more pronounced in older adults. The effect of BR14 on IL-6 and resistin differed between young and older adults. Inflammatory responses to BR14 in older adults differed from those reported in the literature for obese or subjects in pathological states, suggesting potentially different mechanisms between inactivity- and obesity-induced inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Jurdana
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia.
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Zala Jenko-Pražnikar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Nina Mohorko
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Jakus
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000, Koper, Slovenia
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Bidwell AJ, Fairchild TJ, Redmond J, Wang L, Keslacy S, Kanaley JA. Physical activity offsets the negative effects of a high-fructose diet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 46:2091-8. [PMID: 24848492 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the interaction between a high-fructose diet and PA levels on postprandial lipidemia and inflammation in normal-weight, recreationally active individuals. METHODS Twenty-two men and women (age, 21.2 ± 0.6 yr; body mass index, 22.5 ± 0.6 kg · m(-2)) consumed an additional 75 g of fructose for 14 d on two separate occasions: high physical activity (PA) (approximately 12,500 steps per day) (FR+active) and low PA (approximately 4500 steps per day) (FR+inactive). A fructose-rich test meal was given before and at the end of each intervention. Blood was sampled at baseline and for 6 h after the meal for triglycerides (TG), VLDL, total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS Log-transformed TG area under the curve (AUC) significantly increased from before (10.1 ± 0.1 mg · dL(-1) × min for 6 h) to after (10.3 ± 0.08 mg · dL(-1) × min for 6 h, P = 0.04) the FR+inactive intervention, with an 88% increase in Δ peak TG (P = 0.009) and an 84% increase in Δ peak VLDL (P = 0.002). Δ Peak interleukin 6 also increased by 116% after the FR+inactive intervention (P = 0.009). Insulin total AUC significantly decreased after FR+active intervention (P = 0.04), with no change in AUC after the FR+inactive intervention. No changes were observed in glucose, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein concentrations (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low PA during a period of high fructose intake augments fructose-induced postprandial lipidemia and inflammation, whereas high PA minimizes these fructose-induced metabolic disturbances. Even within a young healthy population, maintenance of high PA (>12,500 steps per day) decreases susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors associated with elevated fructose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Bidwell
- 1Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY; 2Department of Health Promotion and Wellness, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY; 3School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, AUSTRALIA; 4Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA; and 5Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Abstract
Patients who are elderly, malnourished, anxious, and have a low physical function before surgery are likely to have suboptimal recovery from cancer surgery. A multimodal prehabilitation program is proposed, consisting of exercise training and nutritional and psychological support, which increases physiologic reserve before the stress of surgery. This interventional approach seems to improve ability to undergo the stress of surgery and faster recovery. The integration of exercise, adequate nutrition, and psychosocial components, with medical and pharmacologic optimization in the presurgical period, deserves to receive more attention by clinicians to elucidate the most effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carli
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Celena Scheede-Bergdahl
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Effects of 60-day bed rest with and without exercise on cellular and humoral immunological parameters. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:483-92. [PMID: 25382740 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise at regular intervals is assumed to have a positive effect on immune functions. Conversely, after spaceflight and under simulated weightlessness (e.g., bed rest), immune functions can be suppressed. We aimed to assess the effects of simulated weightlessness (Second Berlin BedRest Study; BBR2-2) on immunological parameters and to investigate the effect of exercise (resistive exercise with and without vibration) on these changes. Twenty-four physically and mentally healthy male volunteers (20-45 years) performed resistive vibration exercise (n=7), resistance exercise without vibration (n=8) or no exercise (n=9) within 60 days of bed rest. Blood samples were taken 2 days before bed rest, on days 19 and 60 of bed rest. Composition of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA/RIA in plasma. General changes over time were identified by paired t-test, and exercise-dependent effects by pairwise repeated measurements (analysis of variance (ANOVA)). With all subjects pooled, the number of granulocytes, natural killer T cells, hematopoietic stem cells and CD45RA and CD25 co-expressing T cells increased and the number of monocytes decreased significantly during the study; the concentration of eotaxin decreased significantly. Different impacts of exercise were seen for lymphocytes, B cells, especially the IgD(+) subpopulation of B cells and the concentrations of IP-10, RANTES and DHEA-S. We conclude that prolonged bed rest significantly impacts immune cell populations and cytokine concentrations. Exercise was able to specifically influence different immunological parameters. In summary, our data fit the hypothesis of immunoprotection by exercise and may point toward even superior effects by resistive vibration exercise.
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Rosety-Rodriguez M, Diaz AJ, Rosety I, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Fornieles G, Rosety M, Ordonez FJ. Exercise reduced inflammation: but for how long after training? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:874-879. [PMID: 24224738 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that obese people with trisomy 21 suffer from low-grade systemic inflammation. A recent study has found that aerobic training reduced inflammation in obese women with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, the study reported in this paper is the first to determine for how long these effects were maintained after completion of the programme. METHODS Twenty premenopausal obese women (18-30 years old) with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, 3 sessions per week, consisting of warming-up followed by treadmill exercise (30-40 min) at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate and a cooling-down period. The control group included 9, age, sex and BMI matched women with Down syndrome that did not perform any training programme. Fat mass percentage and distribution were measured. Plasma level of IL-6 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were monitored. Time-course changes for these outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Further, they were re-evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of the programme. RESULTS Three months after completion of the programme, plasma levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly increased. Up to 6 months later, both fat mass percentage and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased. Furthermore, physical fitness was also impaired in the intervention group. No changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSION A 3-month detraining period significantly impaired chronic inflammation in obese women with DS.
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Reynold AM, Bowles ER, Saxena A, Fayad R, Youngstedt SD. Negative Effects of Time in Bed Extension: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF SLEEP MEDICINE AND DISORDERS 2014; 1:1002. [PMID: 25374963 PMCID: PMC4217706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown an association of long sleep (≥8 hr) with mortality and multiple morbidities. However, there has been little experimental investigation of the effects of sleep extension. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of time in bed (TIB) extension, on depression, anxiety, sleepiness, and systemic inflammation. Following baseline, 14 healthy sleepers (31.79±10.94 years) were randomized to one of two one-week treatments: (1) a TIB extension treatment involving a fixed sleep schedule in which TIB was increased by 3 hours/night compared with the participants' median baseline TIB; (2) a control treatment involving a fixed schedule in which TIB was the same as the participants' median baseline TIB. Actigraphic recording of sleep was assessed throughout both weeks. Self-reported depression, state anxiety, sleepiness, and sleep quality, as well as blood pressure, and inflammation were assessed at baseline and following the treatment week. Compared with baseline, TIB increased by 127.12±3.92 min and total sleep time increased by 119.88±18.52 min during TIB extension, but decreased slightly in the control treatment. Depression was elevated more following TIB extension (effect size (ES)=-0.86) vs. control (ES=-0.50). Interleukin-6 levels increased by 2-fold following TIB extension (ES=-0.65), but did not change following the control treatment. Sleepiness increased after TIB extension, but decreased after the control treatment. The results revealed negative effects of TIB extension on mood and inflammation. Larger-scale studies involving more prolonged, but less profound sleep extension, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arpit Saxena
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Raja Fayad
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA
- Colon Cancer Center of South Carolina, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Shawn D. Youngstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, USA
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, USA
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Genotype by energy expenditure interaction and body composition traits: The Portuguese Healthy Family Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:845207. [PMID: 24791001 PMCID: PMC3984825 DOI: 10.1155/2014/845207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Energy expenditure has been negatively correlated with fat accumulation. However, this association is highly variable. In the present study we applied a genotype by environment interaction method to examine the presence of Genotype x by Total Daily Energy Expenditure and Genotype x by Daily Energy Expenditure interactions in the expression of different body composition traits. Methods and Results. A total of 958 subjects from 294 families of The Portuguese Healthy Family Study were included in the analysis. TDEE and DEE were assessed using a physical activity recall. Body fat percentages were measured with a bioelectrical impedance scale. GxTDEE and GxDEE examinations were performed using SOLAR 4.0 software. All BC traits were significantly heritable, with heritabilities ranging from 21% to 34%. The GxTDEE and GxDEE interaction models fitted the data better than the polygenic model for all traits. For all traits, a significant GxTDEE and GxDEE interaction was due to variance heterogeneity among distinct levels of TDEE and DEE. For WC, GxTDEE was also significant due to the genetic correlation function. Conclusions. TDEE and DEE are environmental constraints associated with the expression of individuals' BC genotypes, leading to variability in the phenotypic expression of BC traits.
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Park YM, Myers M, Vieira-Potter VJ. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction: role of exercise. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2014; 111:65-72. [PMID: 24645302 PMCID: PMC6179510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our current environment has led to a vicious cycle of physical inactivity, obesity, and chronic inflammation, creating the "perfect storm" for metabolic diseases. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major source of obesity/ inactivity-related inflammation; in turn, inflammation leads to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Inactivity, even in the absence of weight gain, disrupts WAT metabolism, while exercise mitigates WAT inflammation. The antiinflammatory mechanism(s) of exercise require additional study. Two current hypotheses include: (1) exercise-mediated antiinflammatory cytokine secretion, and (2) exercise-mediated improvements in adipocyte oxidative capacity.
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Brooks NE, Cadena SM, Cloutier G, Vega-López S, Roubenoff R, Castaneda-Sceppa C. Influence of exercise on the metabolic profile caused by 28 days of bed rest with energy deficit and amino acid supplementation in healthy men. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1248-57. [PMID: 25317071 PMCID: PMC4196126 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Muscle loss and metabolic changes occur with disuse [i.e. bed rest (BR)]. We hypothesized that BR would lead to a metabolically unhealthy profile defined by: increased circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, decreased circulating insulin-like-growth-factor (IGF)-1, decreased HDL-cholesterol, and decreased muscle density (MD; measured by mid-thigh computerized tomography). METHODS We investigated the metabolic profile after 28 days of BR with 8 ± 6% energy deficit in male individuals (30-55 years) randomized to resistance exercise with amino acid supplementation (RT, n=24) or amino acid supplementation alone (EAA, n=7). Upper and lower body exercises were performed in the horizontal position. Blood samples were taken at baseline, after 28 days of BR and 14 days of recovery. RESULTS We found a shift toward a metabolically unfavourable profile after BR [compared to baseline (BLN)] in both groups as shown by decreased HDL-cholesterol levels (EAA: BLN: 39 ± 4 vs. BR: 32 ± 2 mg/dL, RT: BLN: 39 ± 1 vs. BR: 32 ± 1 mg/dL; p<0.001) and Low MD (EAA: BLN: 27 ± 4 vs. BR: 22 ± 3 cm(2), RT: BLN: 28 ± 2 vs. BR: 23 ± 2 cm(2); p<0.001). A healthier metabolic profile was maintained with exercise, including NormalMD (EAA: BLN: 124 ± 6 vs. BR: 110 ± 5 cm(2), RT: BLN: 132 ± 3 vs. BR: 131 ± 4 cm(2); p<0.001, time-by-group); although, exercise did not completely alleviate the unfavourable metabolic changes seen with BR. Interestingly, both groups had increased plasma IGF-1 levels (EAA: BLN:168 ± 22 vs. BR 213 ± 20 ng/mL, RT: BLN:180 ± 10 vs. BR: 219 ± 13 ng/mL; p<0.001) and neither group showed TNFα changes (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that RT can be incorporated to potentially offset the metabolic complications of BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E Brooks
- 1. Health & Exercise Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland UK
| | - Samuel M Cadena
- 2. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Gregory Cloutier
- 3. Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston MA
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- 4. School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ronenn Roubenoff
- 5. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Carmen Castaneda-Sceppa
- 3. Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston MA ; 5. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston MA
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Gratas-Delamarche A, Derbré F, Vincent S, Cillard J. Physical inactivity, insulin resistance, and the oxidative-inflammatory loop. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:93-108. [PMID: 24060092 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.847528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that physical inactivity, a main factor of global energetic imbalance, is involved in the worldwide epidemic of obesity and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. Although the complex pathogenesis of insulin resistance is not fully understood, literature data accumulated during the past decades clearly indicate that the activation of the oxidative-inflammatory loop plays a major role. By activating the oxidative-inflammatory loop in insulin-sensitive tissues, fat gain and adipose tissue dysfunction likely contribute to induce insulin resistance during chronic and prolonged physical inactivity. However, in the past years, evidence has emerged showing that early insulin resistance also occurs after very short-term exposure to physical inactivity (1-7 days) without any fat gain or energetic imbalance. The possible role of liver disturbances or endothelial dysfunction is suggested, but further studies are necessary to really conclude. Inactive skeletal muscle probably constitutes the primary triggering tissue for the development of early insulin resistance. In the present review, we discuss on the current knowledge about the effect of physical inactivity on whole-body and peripheral insulin sensitivity, and how local inflammation and oxidative stress arising with physical inactivity could potentially induce insulin resistance. We assume that early muscle insulin resistance allows the excess nutrients to shift in the storage tissues to withstand starvation through energy storage. We also consider when chronic and prolonged, physical inactivity over an extended period of time is an underestimated contributor to pathological insulin resistance and hence indirectly to numerous chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gratas-Delamarche
- University Rennes 2 - ENS Cachan - Antenne de Bretagne, Laboratory "Movement, Sport and Health Sciences" (M2S) , Rennes , France
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Weight loss, exercise or both and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese older adults: results of a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:423-31. [PMID: 23823329 PMCID: PMC3835728 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity exacerbates the age-related decline in insulin sensitivity and is associated with risk for cardiometabolic syndrome in older adults; however, the appropriate treatment for obese older adults is controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine the independent and combined effects of weight loss and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese older adults. DESIGN One-hundred and seven obese (body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg m(-2)) older (≥65 years) adults with physical frailty were randomized to control group, diet group, exercise group and diet-exercise group for 1 year. Outcomes for this study included changes in insulin sensitivity index (ISI), glucose tolerance, central obesity, adipocytokines and cardiometabolic syndrome. RESULTS Although similar increases in ISI occurred in the diet-exercise and diet groups at 6 months, the ISI improved more in the diet-exercise than in the diet group at 12 months (2.4 vs 1.2; between-group difference, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-2.1); no changes in ISI occurred in both exercise and control groups. The diet-exercise and diet groups had similar improvements in insulin area under the curve (AUC) (-2.9 and -2.9 × 10(3) mg min dl(-1)), glucose AUC (-1.4 and -2.2 × 10(3)mg min dl(-1)), visceral fat (-787 and -561 cm(3)), tumor necrosis factor (-17.0 and -12.8 pg ml(-1)), adiponectin (5.0 and 4.0 ng ml(-1)), waist circumference (-8.2 and -8.4 cm), triglyceride (-30.7 and -24.3 g dl(-1)) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (-15.9 and -13.1/-4.9 and -6.7 mm Hg), while no changes in these parameters occurred in both exercise and control groups. The cardiometabolic syndrome prevalence decreased by 40% in the diet-exercise and by 15% in the diet group. Body weight decreased similarly in the diet-exercise and diet groups (-8.6 and -9.7 kg) but not in the exercise and control groups. CONCLUSIONS In frail, obese older adults, lifestyle interventions associated with weight loss improve insulin sensitivity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, but continued improvement in insulin sensitivity is only achieved when exercise training is added to weight loss.
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Pauer J, Fék A, Buday B, Literáti-Nagy B, Pach P, Vitai M, Péterfai E, Korányi L. [Metabolic alteration in healthy men with first degree type 2 diabetic relatives]. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:178-86. [PMID: 23395743 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recognition of prediabetic patients with the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes is very important as prediabetes is the last stage when manifestation of diabetes could be prevented by life style modification or drug intervention. This suggests the need for diagnostic processes to trace the risk of patients in time. AIMS The authors looked for metabolic differences between age and BMI in adjusted healthy men with or without first degree type 2 diabetic relatives. METHODS The study included 73 healthy men (21 with and 52 without) first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Total body and muscle tissue glucose utilization, glucose tolerance did not differ between the two groups, but free fatty acid levels were not suppressed by glucose load in subjects with diabetic relatives. In addition the body fat content, leptin and IL-6 levels were higher, while adiponectin and the free fatty acid/adiponectin ratio were significantly lover in healthy men with diabetic relatives. In this group HDL cholesterol, and the large buoyant LDL fraction were lower whereas the high density LDL - small molecular lipid fraction was higher than those measured in subjects without diabetic relatives. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that deteriorations of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance is preceded by disturbances of fatty acid metabolism. The observed alteration in free fatty acid/adiponectin ratio, and/or the absence of free fatty acid suppression during glucose tolerance tests could be a screening tool for diabetes risk among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Pauer
- DRC Gyógyszervizsgáló Központ Kft. Balatonfüred Ady Endre u. 12. 8230.
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Rudwill F, Blanc S, Gauquelin-Koch G, Choukèr A, Heer M, Simon C, Bergouignan A. Effects of different levels of physical inactivity on plasma visfatin in healthy normal-weight men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:689-93. [PMID: 23724888 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We tested whether physical inactivity (PI) is an independent predictor of plasma visfatin, a newly discovered adipokine likely involved in the relationship between obesity-associated low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. PI was induced in healthy men (Body Mass Index = 23.4 ± 0.6 kg·m(-2)) by 10 days of confinement (n = 8), 1 month of detraining (n = 10), and 3 months of bed rest with (n = 7) and without exercise (n = 8). Visfatin was negatively associated with activity energy expenditure (p = 0.03). No relationship was observed with insulin sensitivity. This suggested that PI itself increases visfatin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Rudwill
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), 23, rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 7178, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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Friedrichsen M, Ribel-Madsen R, Mortensen B, Hansen CN, Alibegovic AC, Højbjerre L, Sonne MP, Wojtaszewski JFP, Stallknecht B, Dela F, Vaag A. Muscle inflammatory signaling in response to 9 days of physical inactivity in young men with low compared with normal birth weight. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 167:829-38. [PMID: 22968485 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms linking physical inactivity and muscle insulin resistance in humans have been suggested to include increased muscle inflammation, possibly associated with impaired oxidative metabolism. We employed a human bed rest study including 20 young males with normal birth weight (NBW) and 20 with low birth weight (LBW) and increased risk of diabetes. METHODOLOGY The subjects were studied before and after 9 days of bed rest using the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and muscle biopsy excision. Muscle inflammatory status was assessed as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory MCP1 (CCL2) and IL6 and the macrophage marker CD68. Furthermore, mRNA expression of genes central to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was measured including ATP5O, COX7A1, NDUFB6, and UQCRB. RESULTS At baseline, muscle inflammatory status was similar in NBW and LBW individuals. After bed rest, CD68 expression was increased in LBW (P=0.03) but not in NBW individuals. Furthermore, expression levels of all OXPHOS genes were reduced after bed rest in LBW (P ≤ 0.05) but not in NBW subjects and were negatively correlated with CD68 expression in LBW subjects (P ≤ 0.03 for all correlations). MCP1 expression and NF-κB activity were unaffected by bed rest, and IL6 expression was too low for accurate measurements. None of the inflammatory markers correlated with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Although LBW subjects exhibit disproportionately elevated CD68 mRNA expression suggesting macrophage infiltration and reduced OXPHOS gene expression when exposed to bed rest, our data altogether do not support the notion that bed rest-induced (9 days) insulin resistance is caused by increased muscle inflammation.
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Li M, Yu L, She T, Gan Y, Liu F, Hu Z, Chen Y, Li S, Xia H. Astragaloside IV attenuates Toll-like receptor 4 expression via NF-κB pathway under high glucose condition in mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 696:203-9. [PMID: 23041150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic hyperglycemia causes a variety of pathological changes. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) was widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AS-IV on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the underlying mechanism in diabetes. We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting to determine the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and NF-κB p65 in MSCs under high glucose (HG) with or without pretreatment with AS-IV. The surface expression of TLR4 was checked by flow cytometry and the expression of TNF-α and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA in diabetes patients treated with AS-IV. AS-IV promoted the proliferation of MSCs and attenuated the increased expression of TLR4 induced by HG. In addition, AS-IV decreased the HG-induced translocation of NF-κB p65 and increased the MMP-2 expression in MSCs. AS-IV decreased the TLR4, TNF-α and MCP-1 expression in patients. Collectively,our data revealed that AS-IV attenuated TLR4 expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincai Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, HuBei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China.
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Pietraszek A, Gregersen S, Hermansen K. Acute effects of dietary fat on inflammatory markers and gene expression in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients. Rev Diabet Stud 2012; 8:477-89. [PMID: 22580729 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2011.8.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their relatives (REL) carry an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-grade inflammation, an independent risk factor for CVD, is modifiable by diet. Subjects with T2D show elevated postprandial inflammatory responses to fat-rich meals, while information on postprandial inflammation in REL is sparse. AIM To clarify whether medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have differential acute effects on low-grade inflammation in REL compared to controls (CON). METHODS In randomized order, 17 REL and 17 CON ingested two fat-rich meals, with 72 energy percent from MUFA and 79 energy percent from mainly medium-chain SFA, respectively. Plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, and leptin were measured at baseline, 15 min, 60 min, and 240 min postprandially. Muscle and adipose tissue biopsies were taken at baseline and 210 min after the test meal, and expression of selected genes was analyzed. RESULTS Plasma IL-6 increased (p < 0.001) without difference between REL and CON and between the meals, whereas plasma adiponectin and plasma hs-CRP were unchanged during the 240 min observation period. Plasma leptin decreased slightly in response to medium-chain SFA in both groups, and to MUFA in REL. Several genes were differentially regulated in muscle and adipose tissue of REL and CON. CONCLUSIONS MUFA and medium-chain SFA elicit similar postprandial circulating inflammatory responses in REL and CON. Medium-chain SFA seems more proinflammatory than MUFA, judged by the gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue of REL and CON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pietraszek
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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