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Savulescu-Fiedler I, Mihalcea R, Dragosloveanu S, Scheau C, Baz RO, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Caruntu C, Benea SN. The Interplay between Obesity and Inflammation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:856. [PMID: 39063610 PMCID: PMC11277997 DOI: 10.3390/life14070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important condition affecting the quality of life of numerous patients and increasing their associated risk for multiple diseases, including tumors and immune-mediated disorders. Inflammation appears to play a major role in the development of obesity and represents a central point for the activity of cellular and humoral components in the adipose tissue. Macrophages play a key role as the main cellular component of the adipose tissue regulating the chronic inflammation and modulating the secretion and differentiation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation also involves a series of signaling pathways that might represent the focus for new therapies and interventions. Weight loss is essential in decreasing cardiometabolic risks and the degree of associated inflammation; however, the latter can persist for long after the excess weight is lost, and can involve changes in macrophage phenotypes that can ensure the metabolic adjustment. A clear understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the adipose tissue and the interplay between obesity and chronic inflammation can lead to a better understanding of the development of comorbidities and may ensure future targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Mihalcea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Octavian Baz
- Clinical Laboratory of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Nicolae Benea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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Amisi CA. Markers of insulin resistance in Polycystic ovary syndrome women: An update. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:129-149. [PMID: 35432749 PMCID: PMC8984569 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, affecting 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. The importance of this syndrome lies in the magnitude of associated comorbidities: infertility, metabolic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease (CVD), plus psychological and oncological complications. Insulin resistance (IR) is a prominent feature of PCOS with a prevalence of 35%-80%. Without adequate management, IR with compensatory hyperinsulinemia contributes directly to reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS. Furthermore, epidemiological data shows compelling evidence that PCOS is associated with an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes. In addition, metabolic dysfunction leads to a risk for CVD that increases with aging in women with PCOS. Indeed, the severity of IR in women with PCOS is associated with the amount of abdominal obesity, even in lean women with PCOS. Given these drastic implications, it is important to diagnose and treat insulin resistance as early as possible. Many markers have been proposed. However, quantitative assessment of IR in clinical practice remains a major challenge. The gold standard method for assessing insulin sensitivity is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp. However, it is not used routinely because of the complexity of its procedure. Consequently, there has been an urgent need for surrogate markers of IR that are more applicable in large population-based epidemiological investigations. Despite this, many of them are either difficult to apply in routine clinical practice or useless for women with PCOS. Considering this difficulty, there is still a need for an accurate marker for easy, early detection and assessment of IR in women with PCOS. This review highlights markers of IR already used in women with PCOS, including new markers recently reported in literature, and it establishes a new classification for these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Anifa Amisi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-medico di Rome, Rome 00128, Italy
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Šimják P, Anderlová K, Cinkajzlová A, Pařízek A, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The possible role of endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes mellitus. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2021; 45:228-242. [PMID: 33000620 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diabetes that is first diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients who did not have a history of diabetes before pregnancy. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of macrosomia and birth complications in the infant and an increased risk of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after pregnancy. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases in the child. GDM is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of insulin resistance that physiologically increases during pregnancy. The strongest clinical predictors of GDM are overweight and obesity. The fact that women with GDM are more likely to be overweight or obese suggests that adipose tissue dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM, similarly to T2DM. Adipose tissue is not only involved in energy storage but also functions as an active endocrine organ secreting adipokines (specific hormones and cytokines) with the ability to alter insulin sensitivity. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of numerous adipokines produced by fat in the development of GDM. The following text summarizes the current knowledge about a possible role of selected adipokines in the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Šimják
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Anderlová
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Pařízek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- Third Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic -
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The complex role of adipokines in obesity, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:731-752. [PMID: 33729498 PMCID: PMC7969664 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic is a major contributor to chronic disease and disability in the world today. Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, a multitude of studies have characterized the pathological changes that occur within adipose tissue in the obese state. One significant change is the dysregulation of adipokine production. Adipokines are an indispensable link between metabolism and optimal immune system function; however, their dysregulation in obesity contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation and disease pathology. Herein, I will highlight current knowledge on adipokine structure and physiological function, and focus on the known roles of these factors in the modulation of the immune response. I will also discuss adipokines in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
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Maietta V, Reyes-García J, Yadav VR, Zheng YM, Peng X, Wang YX. Cellular and Molecular Processes in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:21-38. [PMID: 34019261 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent pulmonary vasoconstriction. Another well-recognized characteristic of PH is the muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries. This pulmonary vasoremodeling manifests in medial hypertrophy/hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with possible neointimal formation. The underlying molecular processes for these two major vascular responses remain not fully understood. On the other hand, a series of very recent studies have shown that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to be an important player in mediating pulmonary vasoconstriction and vasoremodeling, thereby leading to PH. Mitochondria are a primary site for ROS production in pulmonary artery (PA) SMCs, which subsequently activate NADPH oxidase to induce further ROS generation, i.e., ROS-induced ROS generation. ROS control the activity of multiple ion channels to induce intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx (ROS-induced Ca2+ release and influx) to cause PH. ROS and Ca2+ signaling may synergistically trigger an inflammatory cascade to implicate in PH. Accordingly, this paper explores the important roles of ROS, Ca2+, and inflammatory signaling in the development of PH, including their reciprocal interactions, key molecules, and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vic Maietta
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vishal R Yadav
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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Pichiah PBT, Sankarganesh D, Arunachalam S, Achiraman S. Adipose-Derived Molecules-Untouched Horizons in Alzheimer's Disease Biology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 32116650 PMCID: PMC7032035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise with the increase in obesity and metabolic disease epidemic. Obesity is co-morbid with the increase in mass of adipose tissue, which secretes numerous molecules that are biologically important. Obesity and its associated conditions are perhaps involved in the causative pathway of AD. Immunologically important cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-18, which are released by adipose tissue, are also found to be associated with AD. Besides, the expression of IL-6, IFNγ, and TNF alpha are also associated with AD. Ang-I and Ang-II are found to mediate the progression of AD. Complement factors B, C4b, and H are differentially expressed in AD. Overall, several adipocyte-derived cytokines are found to be dysregulated in AD, and their role in AD remains to be studied. The induction of autophagy is a very promising strategy in the treatment of AD. A variety of adipose-derived molecules have been shown to modulate autophagy. However, very little literature is available on the role of adipose-derived molecules in inducing autophagy in microglial cells of AD. Understanding the role of adipose-derived molecules in the development of AD, especially in the induction of autophagy, would open up new avenues in devising strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Shanmugam Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Avtanski D, Garcia A, Caraballo B, Thangeswaran P, Marin S, Bianco J, Lavi A, Poretsky L. Resistin induces breast cancer cells epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness through both adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1)-dependent and CAP1-independent mechanisms. Cytokine 2019; 120:155-164. [PMID: 31085453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence and metastasis in postmenopausal women are known to associate with obesity, but the molecular mechanisms behind this association are largely unknown. We investigated the effect of adipokine resistin on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in breast cancer cells in vitro. Previous reports demonstrated that the inflammatory actions of resistin are mediated by the adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), which serves as its receptor. As a model for our study, we used MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. We showed that in MCF-7 cells resistin increases the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and induces the formation of cellular protrusions through reorganization of F-actin filaments. Resistin upregulated the expression of mesenchymal markers involved in EMT (SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1, TWIST1, fibronectin, and vimentin), and downregulated those of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and claudin-1). Resistin also potentiated the nuclear translocation of SNAIL protein, indicating initiation of EMT reprogramming. We further induced EMT in non-carcinogenic breast epithelial MCF-10A cells demonstrating that the effects of resistin on EMT were not breast cancer cell specific. In order to assess whether resistin-induced EMT depends on CAP1, we used siRNA approach to silence CAP1 gene in MCF-7 cells. Results demonstrated that when CAP1 was silenced, the induction of SNAIL, ZEB1 and vimentin expression by resistin as well as SNAIL and ZEB1 nuclear translocation, were abolished. Additionally, CAP1 silencing resulted in a suppression of MCF-7 cells migration. We performed quantitative PCR array profiling the expression of 84 genes related to cancer stem cells (CSC), pluripotency and metastasis and selected a set of genes (ALDH1A1, ITGA4, LIN28B, SMO, KLF17, PTPRC, PROM1, SIRT1, and PECAM1) that were modulated by resistin. Further experiments demonstrated that the effect of resistin on the expression of some of these genes (PROM1, PTPRC, KLF17, SIRT1, and PECAM1) was also dependent on CAP1. Our results demonstrate that resistin promotes the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by inducing EMT and stemness and some of these effects are mediated by CAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
| | - Anabel Garcia
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beatriz Caraballo
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sela Marin
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julianna Bianco
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron Lavi
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonid Poretsky
- Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Mancuso P, Bouchard B. The Impact of Aging on Adipose Function and Adipokine Synthesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:137. [PMID: 30915034 PMCID: PMC6421296 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last 40 years, there has been a world-wide increase in both the prevalence of obesity and an increase in the number of persons over the age of 60 due to a decline in deaths from infectious disease and the nutrition transition in low and middle income nations. While the increase in the elderly population indicates improvements in global public health, this population may experience a diminished quality of life due to the negative impacts of obesity on age-associated inflammation. Aging alters adipose tissue composition and function resulting in insulin resistance and ectopic lipid storage. A reduction in brown adipose tissue activity, declining sex hormones levels, and abdominal adipose tissue expansion occur with advancing years through the redistribution of lipids from the subcutaneous to the visceral fat compartment. These changes in adipose tissue function and distribution influence the secretion of adipose tissue derived hormones, or adipokines, that promote a chronic state of low-grade systemic inflammation. Ultimately, obesity accelerates aging by enhancing inflammation and increasing the risk of age-associated diseases. The focus of this review is the impact of aging on adipose tissue distribution and function and how these effects influence the elaboration of pro and anti-inflammatory adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mancuso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter Mancuso
| | - Benjamin Bouchard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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The Role of Inflammation in the Development of GDM and the Use of Markers of Inflammation in GDM Screening. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1134:217-242. [PMID: 30919340 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a hyperglycaemic state first recognised in pregnancy. GDM affects both mother and child. Women with GDM and their new-borns are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM are inconsistent and thus novel biomarkers of GDM are required to strengthen the screening and diagnostic processes in GDM. Chronic low-grade inflammation is linked to the majority of the well-established risk factors of GDM such as old age, obesity and PCOS. This review provides an overview of the present knowledge on the pathology of GDM, the screening criteria applied, the role of inflammation in the development of GDM and the use of markers of inflammation namely cytokines, oxidative stress markers, lipids, amino acids and iron markers in screening and diagnosis of GDM.
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Alissa EM, Alzughaibi LS, Marzouki ZM. Association between serum resistin, adiposity measures and inflammatory makers in women without cardiovascular diseases. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 218:136-140. [PMID: 30557547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The convergence of obesity and inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been recognized over the past decade. Resistin has emerged as a novel secreted protein with links to both insulin resistance and inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in serum resistin levels with metabolic parameters, including obesity and inflammatory markers in women free of CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 200 apparently healthy women were consecutively recruited from the Out-patients Clinics at King Abdulaziz university Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. They were classified into 4 groups based on quartile for serum resistin. Anthropometric variables were measured in all study subjects. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of lipid profile, blood glucose and inflammatory markers. Study subjects within the upper quartile (Q4) had significantly higher body height (p < 0.0001), waist and hip circumferences (p < 0.05) and inflammatory markers (p < 0.0001) values than those in the lower quartile (Q1). Significant correlations were found between circulating resistin levels and systolic blood pressure, some anthropometric measures as well as inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Serum resistin levels were found to be increased in overweight and obese women. Resistin was also independently associated with hs-CRP in women free of CVD, suggesting that resistin may be related to low-grade inflammation among obese subjects in the absence of overt CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Elemental Spectroscopy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Zuhair M Marzouki
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Šimják P, Cinkajzlová A, Anderlová K, Pařízek A, Mráz M, Kršek M, Haluzík M. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R63-R77. [PMID: 29743342 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients with no history of diabetes prior to gestation. It is the most common complication of pregnancy. The underlying pathophysiology shares some common features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combining relatively insufficient insulin secretion with increased peripheral insulin resistance. While a certain degree of insulin resistance is the physiological characteristics of the second half of pregnancy, it is significantly more pronounced in patients with gestational diabetes. Adipose tissue dysfunction and subclinical inflammation in obesity are well-described causes of increased insulin resistance in non-pregnant subjects and are often observed in individuals with T2DM. Emerging evidence of altered adipokine expression and local inflammation in adipose tissue in patients with gestational diabetes suggests an important involvement of adipose tissue in its etiopathogenesis. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of adipose tissue dysfunction and its role in the development of gestational diabetes. We specifically focus on the significance of alterations of adipokines and immunocompetent cells number and phenotype in fat. Detailed understanding of the role of adipose tissue in gestational diabetes may provide new insights into its pathophysiology and open new possibilities of its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Šimják
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Cinkajzlová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Anderlová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Pařízek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kršek
- 3rd Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- 2nd Internal Department, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Obesity and associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose an increasing risk to the health of both individuals and society. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ, secreting many hormones, known as adipokines. Evidence suggests that one suggest adipokine, resistin, may be elevated in the plasma of individuals with T2DM, and early reports indicated that this may contribute to the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance observed in T2DM, hence its name, resistin, however subsequent evidence suggests it may have a proinflammatory role. Performing regular exercise and dietary interventions improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in the majority of individuals with T2DM, and we hypothesized that plasma resistin levels may drop in individuals following a long term aerobic and/or resistance exercise intervention program. Articles analyzing the effects of exercise on serum resistin levels were therefore analyzed. Articles were selected and analyzed based on a minimum aerobic and/or resistance training program of 2 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma resistin levels decreased following either endurance aerobic exercise and/or resistance training plans in individuals with obesity and/or insulin resistance, although this was not related to BMI change. Exercise intervention programs generally showed potentially beneficial changes in plasma resistin concentrations. It is possible these effects are mediated through exercise-induced decreases in inflammation via anti-inflammatory cytokine release rather than alterations in glucose metabolism and reductions in BMI per se. A possible link between resistin, exercise and T2DM is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cobbold
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia -
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Oh YK, Ha YR, Yi KW, Park HT, Shin JH, Kim T, Hur JY. Increased expression of resistin in ectopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28681517 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Inflammation is a key process in the establishment and progression of endometriosis. Resistin, an adipocytokine, has biological properties linked to immunologic functions, but its role in endometriosis is unclear. METHOD OF STUDY Resistin gene expression was examined in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues from women with (n=25) or without (n=25) endometriosis. Resistin mRNA and protein levels were determined in endometrial tissue using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, following adipokine profiling arrays. RESULTS Resistin protein was detected in human endometrial tissues using an adipokine array test. Resistin mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in ectopic endometrial tissue of patients with endometriosis than in normal eutopic endometrial tissue. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that resistin is differentially expressed in endometrial tissues from women with endometriosis and imply a role for resistin in endometriosis-associated pelvic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ran Ha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Wook Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tak Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cinkajzlová A, Mráz M, Haluzík M. Lymphocytes and macrophages in adipose tissue in obesity: markers or makers of subclinical inflammation? PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1219-1232. [PMID: 28150048 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by the development of chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. The presence of chronic inflammatory response along with metabolically harmful factors released by adipose tissue into the circulation is associated with several metabolic complications of obesity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or accelerated atherosclerosis. The present review is focused on macrophages and lymphocytes and their possible role in low-grade inflammation in fat. Both macrophages and lymphocytes respond to obesity-induced adipocyte hypertrophy by their migration into adipose tissue. After activation and differentiation, they contribute to the development of local inflammatory response and modulation of endocrine function of adipose tissue. Despite intensive research, the exact role of lymphocytes and macrophages within adipose tissue is only partially clarified and various data obtained by different approaches bring ambiguous information with respect to their polarization and cytokine production. Compared to immunocompetent cells, the role of adipocytes in the obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation is often underestimated despite their abundant production of factors with immunomodulatory actions such as cytokines or adipokines such as leptin, adiponektin, and others. In summary, conflicting evidence together with only partial correlation of in vitro findings with true in vivo situation due to great heterogeneity and molecular complexity of tissue environment calls for intensive research in this rapidly evolving and important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cinkajzlová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Obesitology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Jonas MI, Kurylowicz A, Bartoszewicz Z, Lisik W, Jonas M, Domienik-Karlowicz J, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. Adiponectin/resistin interplay in serum and in adipose tissue of obese and normal-weight individuals. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:95. [PMID: 29213336 PMCID: PMC5709988 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between adiponectin and resistin, the two adipokines of opposite effects, may determine the metabolic profile of obese individuals and development of obesity-related complications. The current study was conducted to assess how adiponectin/resistin interplay in sera and adipose tissues may influence the metabolic profile of obese and normal-weight subjects. METHODS Concentrations of adiponectin and resistin were measured on protein level by immunoassay in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from 50 obese (body mass index > 40 kg/m2) and 28 normal-weight (body mass index 20-24.9 kg/m2) individuals. Simultaneously expression of ADIPOQ and RETN (encoding adiponectin and resistin, respectively) was assessed on mRNA level by real-time PCR. RESULTS ADIPOQ mRNA (P = 0.0001) and adiponectin protein (P = 0.0013) levels were lower, while RETN mRNA (P = 0.0338) and resistin (P < 0.0001)-higher in subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects. ADIPOQ and RETN mRNA levels did not correlate with protein concentrations in the investigated adipose tissues. In obesity adiponectin serum concentrations correlated positively with ADIPOQ mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 0.005) and negatively with protein levels in visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.001). Obesity was associated with higher adiponectin-resistin index value in sera (P < 0.0001) and decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001), but only adiponectin-resistin index measured in sera was significantly higher in obese with the metabolic syndrome (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Obesity affects synthesis of adiponectin and resistin mainly in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The adiponectin-resistin index assessed in the adipose tissues has a different prognostic value compared to the adiponectin-resistin index in serum and does not reflect a metabolic risk in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Izabela Jonas
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jonas
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Domienik-Karlowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Lindleya Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 99 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Mantovani RM, Rocha NP, Magalhães DM, Barbosa IG, Teixeira AL, Simões E Silva AC. Early changes in adipokines from overweight to obesity in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:624-630. [PMID: 27504976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity has been associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to compare plasma levels of traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1) in overweight, obese and lean children. We also assessed the relationships of these molecules with classical metabolic risk factors. METHODS This study included 104 children and adolescents, which were grouped as: lean (n=24), overweight (n=30), and obese subjects (n=50). They were subjected to anthropometrical, clinical and laboratorial measurements. All measurements were compared between groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to evaluate the association between clinical data, traditional metabolic markers, adipokines and sTNFR1. RESULTS Fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were comparable in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Plasma levels of sTNFR1 were similar in lean and overweight subjects, but significantly increased in obese group. Leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels did not differ when overweight were compared to obese subjects. However, all adipokines differed significantly when lean subjects were compared to overweight and obese individuals. Plasma levels of adiponectin were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas leptin, resistin and sTNFR1 concentrations positively correlated with BMI. CONCLUSION Our results showed significant differences in circulating levels of the evaluated markers when lean, overweight and obese individuals were compared, suggesting that these biomarkers may change from lean to overweight and from overweight to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Machado Mantovani
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Massote Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabela Guimarães Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Mantovani RM, Rocha NP, Magalhães DM, Barbosa IG, Teixeira AL, Simões e Silva AC. Early changes in adipokines from overweight to obesity in children and adolescents. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Raghuraman G, Zuniga MC, Yuan H, Zhou W. PKCε mediates resistin-induced NADPH oxidase activation and inflammation leading to smooth muscle cell dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:29-37. [PMID: 27573736 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resistin has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and poor interventional cardiovascular outcomes. Previous studies by our group demonstrated resistin promoted vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration through protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) pathways, while few others showed that resistin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in various cell types. In this study, we aim to systemically examine the functional role of resistin at the cellular and tissue levels as well as the potential mechanistic relationship between resistin-induced PKCε activation and ROS production. METHODS Plasma collected from patients undergoing carotid interventions was analyzed for resistin level and ROS. VSMCs were treated with resistin in the presence or absence of PKCε and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-specific inhibitors. Intracellular ROS production was analyzed using confocal microscopy and Nox activity with chemiluminescence. In vivo studies were performed in apolipoprotein E knock out (ApoE-/-) mice to determine therapeutic effects of PKCε-specific inhibitor, using the guide-wire injury model. RESULTS We observed significant correlation between plasma resistin and circulating levels of oxidative stress in patients with severe atherosclerotic disease. We also demonstrated that resistin induced ROS production via PKCε-mediated Nox activation. Resistin-induced ROS production was time-dependent, and Nox4 was the primary isoform involved. Inhibition of Nox completely abolished resistin-exaggerated VSMC proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Upstream modulation of PKCε significantly reduced resistin-mediated cytosolic ROS, Nox activity and VSMC dysfunction. Moreover, PKCε-specific inhibitor mitigated resistin-induced Nox activation and intimal hyperplasia in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Resistin-associated VSMC dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia are related to PKCε-dependent Nox activation and ROS generation. Targeting the PKCε-Nox pathway may represent a novel strategy in managing resistin-associated atherosclerotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary C Zuniga
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Inflammatory and Other Biomarkers: Role in Pathophysiology and Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13442-73. [PMID: 26110385 PMCID: PMC4490503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding pathophysiology and identifying mothers at risk of major pregnancy complications is vital to effective prevention and optimal management. However, in current antenatal care, understanding of pathophysiology of complications is limited. In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), risk prediction is mostly based on maternal history and clinical risk factors and may not optimally identify high risk pregnancies. Hence, universal screening is widely recommended. Here, we will explore the literature on GDM and biomarkers including inflammatory markers, adipokines, endothelial function and lipids to advance understanding of pathophysiology and explore risk prediction, with a goal to guide prevention and treatment of GDM.
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Apalasamy YD, Rampal S, Salim A, Moy FM, Su TT, Majid HA, Bulgiba A, Mohamed Z. Polymorphisms of the Resistin Gene and Their Association with Obesity and Resistin Levels in Malaysian Malays. Biochem Genet 2015; 53:120-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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El-Shafey BI, El-Bedewy MM, Mostafa T, Attia M. Serum resistin level in obstructive sleep apnea patients complicated with cardiac diseases, diabetes mellitus or renal impairment. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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22
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Ozias MK, Li S, Hull HR, Brooks WM, Carlson SE. Relationship of circulating adipokines to body composition in pregnant women. Adipocyte 2015; 4:44-9. [PMID: 26167401 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating adipokines are associated with physiological and pathophysiological processes in both obesity and pregnancy. Obesity in pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications and the majority of research uses body mass index (BMI) to assess fatness. Specific fat compartments are associated with obesity-induced health risks yet it is not known how abdominal fat mass in pregnancy is related to circulating adipokines. Plasma leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin were measured by immunoassay in healthy pregnant women of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9; n = 17) and overweight/obese pregnant women (BMI 25.0-40, n = 21) in the third trimester. Total body and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat mass were measured at 1-3 weeks postpartum. Overweight/obese women had greater total body fat (t = -6.210, P < 0.001) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (t = -5.072, P < 0.001) than normal-weight women while there was no difference in abdominal visceral fat. Overweight/obese women had higher leptin (66.3 ± 34.2 vs. 35.7 ± 19.3 ng/mL, P < 0.001) compared to normal-weight women. Leptin was associated with total body fat (r = 0.782, P < 0.001) and resistin was associated with abdominal visceral fat (r = 0.452, P = 0.045). No significant correlations were observed between adiponectin or visfatin and any measure of body composition. In pregnant women, resistin has the potential to be a circulating biomarker for visceral fat, an ectopic fat compartment. These observational data may provide insight for the pathophysiological roles of adipokines and the impact of visceral fat in pregnant women.
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KHAN SHAHZAD, WANG CHANGHUA. ER stress in adipocytes and insulin resistance: Mechanisms and significance (Review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2234-40. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Murad A, Hassan H, Husein H, Ayad A. Serum resistin levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and their relationship to severity of liver disease. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201009.2010.10872225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Resistin is an adipocytokine, which has been studied for its role in insulin resistance and recently in inflammation. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the human resistin gene (RETN). This study aims to investigate the association of RETN rs1862513 (C-420G) and rs3745367 (G+299A) SNPs with the colon cancer risk in Saudi patients. DESIGN AND SETTING This is a case-control study conducted among Saudi adult colon cancer patients recruited from King Abdulaziz Hospital and Oncology Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, 120 Saudi volunteers (60 colon cancer patients and 60 disease-free controls) were studied. The SNPs were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping using PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS In comparing the result obtained for the patient group with that of the controls, colon cancer group displayed different genotype distribution of the RETN C-420G and G+299A SNPs. The study indicated that the SNP-420 heterozygous (CG) genotype (odds ratio [OR]=2.48, 95% CI 1.07-5.74, P=.03) and the SNP +299 heterozygous (GA) genotype (OR=6.5, 95% CI 1.77-24.18, P=.002) significantly increased the risk of colon cancer. A further analysis of the genotype combination of SNPs RETN C-420G and G+299A showed a larger increase in the colon cancer risk. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggested a potential role for RETN C-420G and G+299A polymorphisms in the genetic predisposition to colon cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowyda N Alharithy
- Dr. Rowyda N. Alharithy, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 40288 Jeddah 21499 Saudi Arabia, T: 0505444238 F: 0126393640,
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Nakashima E, Watarai A, Tsukahara T, Hamada Y, Naruse K, Kamiya H, Kato J, Kato N, Tomita M, Oiso Y, Nakamura J. Association of resistin polymorphism, its serum levels and prevalence of stroke in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 1:154-8. [PMID: 24843425 PMCID: PMC4008008 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction: Resistin, an inflammatory cytokine, might be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. In a recent paper, we showed that resistin polymorphism might be a risk marker for stroke susceptibility in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. We tested whether the serum resistin levels might be also a risk marker of stroke independently from RETN polymorphism. Materials and Methods: Type 2 diabetic outpatients from our hospitals were enrolled. Patients (n = 89) with a history of coronary heart disease and stroke, and randomly selected controls (n = 178) matched for sex and age, but without a history of coronary heart disease and stroke, were examined for polymorphism ‐420 (C>G) and cytokines levels. Results: Serum resistin levels were significantly higher in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than in those without CVD (P = 0.024), and were highest in patients with stroke among the CVD. In multiple logistic regression analysis, serum resistin levels was an independent risk marker of stroke even after adjusted by RETN polymorphism, age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, history of coronary heart disease, treatment of insulin, sulfonylurea and aspirin (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.73, P = 0.039). The enrolled patients were divided by their serum resistin levels (high or low group) and their genotypes (CC, CG, GG at ‐420) into six groups. Patients with the GG genotype and high resistin levels showed the highest odds ratio, 5.69 (95% CI 1.24–26.1), compared with the group with CC and low levels. Conclusions: The results suggest that serum resistin levels might be a good marker of susceptibility to stroke as well as RETN polymorphism. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.00040.x, 2010)
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitaro Nakashima
- Diabetes Center, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
- Corresponding author. Eitaro Nakashima Tel.: +81‐52‐652‐5511 Fax: +81‐52‐653‐3533 E‐mail address:
| | - Atsuko Watarai
- Diabetes Center, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization
| | - Takayoshi Tsukahara
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Jiro Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo
| | - Makoto Tomita
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Information Engineering, Nanzan University, Seto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
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Rajkovic N, Zamaklar M, Lalic K, Jotic A, Lukic L, Milicic T, Singh S, Stosic L, Lalic NM. Relationship between obesity, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes: relevance for cardiovascular risk prevention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:4049-65. [PMID: 24736687 PMCID: PMC4024989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110404049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the impact of obesity in type 2 diabetes (T2D) on adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP) as cardiovascular risk factors. A cross-sectional study comparing the basal levels of adipocytokines and inflammatory markers was done in 18 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) (group A), 21 overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) (group B), 25 non-obese T2D patients (group C) and 15 non-obese controls (group D). The lowest levels of adiponectin and the highest levels of leptin, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP were found in group A. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower, and resistin, TNF-α, and hsCRP levels were elevated in group C vs. D. However, leptin and IL-6 levels differed significantly between groups A and B, but not between groups C and D. Moreover, we found a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and TNF-α, but not with other markers, which was independent of the presence of obesity. In contrast, leptin and resistin correlated with the inflammatory markers, and this correlation was obesity-dependent. Our results suggest that obesity influences cardiovascular risk primarily through changes in leptin and resistin and less efficiently at the level of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Rajkovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Miroslava Zamaklar
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Katarina Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Jotic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Lukic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Milicic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Sandra Singh
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Stosic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Nebojsa M Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 13, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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Enli Y, Balci YI, Gönen C, Uzun E, Polat A. Adipocytokine concentrations in children with different types of beta-thalassemia. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:306-11. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.883639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shen C, Zhao CY, Wang W, Wang YD, Sun H, Cao W, Yu WY, Zhang L, Ji R, Li M, Gao J. The relationship between hepatic resistin overexpression and inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:39. [PMID: 24559185 PMCID: PMC3942781 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between resistin and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not clear, some studies claimed that serum resistin levels were associated with neither the presence of NASH nor its severity, others declared that serum resistin was related with inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. Our animal study verified that the distribution of resistin in the liver is correlated with inflammation in NASH. However, there is no pertinent study in humans. Methods Thirty patients with NASH, 28 simple steatosis, and 43 controls were recruited. Blood was collected for resistin, liver chemistries, fasting insulin and some metabolic parameters. Liver histology was scored according to NAFLD activity scoring system. Hepatic resistin expression was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry. Resistin protein expression was confirmed by western blotting in 13 patients with concomitant NAFLD and gallstone. Results Serum resistin was significantly elevated in both NASH and simple steatotic subjects compared with controls (all P < 0.05). Hepatic resistin was significantly increased in NASH patients in both mRNA and protein levels than those in simple steatosis and control subjects (all P < 0.05). Both serum and hepatic resistin had a correlation with obesity, but not with insulin resistance. The distribution of resistin positive cells was predominantly in perisinusoidal cells (such as Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells) in human NASH. Multivariate analysis revealed that waist-hip ratio, higher serum triglyceride, and hyperresistinemia were independent factors related to higher grade of steatosis; whereas hepatic resistin and serum cytokeratin predict NASH and severity of liver fibrosis. Conclusions Hepatic resistin overexpression in NASH patients is associated with the severity of liver inflammation and fibrosis. Liver-derived resistin may be involved in the pathogenesis of human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai-Yan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
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Huang F, Del-Río-Navarro BE, Pérez-Ontiveros JA, Ruiz-Bedolla E, Saucedo-Ramírez OJ, Villafaña S, Bravo G, Mailloux-Salinas P, Hong E. Effect of six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors in obese adolescents. Endocr J 2014; 61:921-31. [PMID: 25029953 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin, and two soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR) in obese adolescents. A total of 54 obese adolescents aged 10 to 16 years completed the program. Twenty-four adolescents with normal weight at baseline were used as a control group. Our results demonstrated that obese adolescents had abnormal lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, adiponectin level (5.6 ± 2.7 vs. 7.6 ± 2.9 μg/mL, p = 0.005) as well as resistin level (31.0 ± 9.0 vs. 24.3 ± 8.5 ng/mL, p = 0.003), whereas levels of both sTNFRs were similar to those in normal weight subjects. After the six-month lifestyle intervention, obese adolescents had a slight but significant drop in standard deviation score-body mass index (SDS-BMI), a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA index, as well as resistin, and a significant increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In adolescents without decreased SDS-BMI, no change was observed in adipokines. Changes in adiponectin correlated negatively with changes in waist circumference (r = -0.275, p = 0.044). Changes in resistin correlated positively with changes in triglycerides (r = 0.302, p = 0.027). The study demonstrated the increase of resistin and the decrease of adiponectin in obese adolescents. Lifestyle intervention improved adipokine abnormalities in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital Infántil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Rheumatic diseases and obesity: adipocytokines as potential comorbidity biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:808125. [PMID: 24376307 PMCID: PMC3860141 DOI: 10.1155/2013/808125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been recognized as a common trait in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases including obesity, where a low-grade inflammation has been established and may be responsible for the cardiovascular risk related to the disease. Obesity has also been associated with the increased incidence and a worse outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). RA is characterized by systemic inflammation, which is thought to play a key role in accelerated atherosclerosis and in the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, an important comorbidity in patients with RA. The inflammatory process underlying the cardiovascular risk both in obesity and RA may be mediated by adipocytokines, a heterogeneous group of soluble proteins mainly secreted by the adipocytes. Many adipocytokines are mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Adipocytokines may also be involved in the pathogenesis of OA since a positive association with obesity has been found for weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing joints, suggesting that, in addition to local overload, systemic factors may contribute to joint damage. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on experimental models and clinical studies in which adipocytokines were examined in obesity, RA, and OA and discuss the potential of adipocytokines as comorbidity biomarkers for cardiovascular risk.
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Nieva-Vazquez A, Pérez-Fuentes R, Torres-Rasgado E, López-López JG, Romero JR. Serum resistin levels are associated with adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese Hispanic subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 12:143-8. [PMID: 24266722 DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resistin is involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in mice and may play a similar role in humans through mechanisms that remain unresolved. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between resistin levels in obese subjects with and without IR among Hispanic subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 117 nondiabetic Hispanic subjects of both genders that were allocated into three study groups: A control group (n=47) of otherwise healthy individuals in metabolic balance, a group with obesity (OB) (n=36), and a group with obesity and IR (OB-IR) (n=34). Anthropometric and clinical characterization was carried out, and resistin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that resistin levels were higher in OB and OB-IR groups when compared to the control group (1331.79±142.15 pg/mL, 1266.28±165.97 pg/mL vs. 959.21±171.43 pg/mL; P<0.05), an effect that was not confounded by age (control, 34.04±10.00 years; OB, 37.30±10.78 years; and OB-IR, 35.67±10.15 years). In addition, we observed a significant correlation (P<0.001) between resistin levels and higher adiposity and insulin sensitivity (IS) in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher resistin levels are associated with higher adiposity and lower IS among obese Hispanic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nieva-Vazquez
- 1 Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) , Puebla, México
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Ortega L, Riestra P, Navarro P, Gavela-Pérez T, Soriano-Guillén L, Garcés C. Resistin levels are related to fat mass, but not to body mass index in children. Peptides 2013; 49:49-52. [PMID: 24012666 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of resistin levels with obesity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine resistin levels in prepubertal children and adolescents and evaluate their association with anthropometric parameters and body composition. The study population included 420 randomly selected 6-8-year-old children and 712 children aged 12-16 years. Anthropometric data were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios were calculated. Body composition was assessed using an impedance body composition analyzer. Serum resistin levels were determined using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Resistin levels were not significantly different between sexes. No significant differences in serum resistin concentrations were found between obese, overweight, and normal weight children at any age, and no significant correlations were observed between resistin concentrations and weight or BMI. However, resistin levels showed a significant positive correlation with fat mass in 12-16-year-old children, particularly in girls. In addition to describing serum resistin levels in prepubertal children and adolescents, our study suggests that resistin is related to body fat rather than to BMI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Rashid S, Kastelein JJP. PCSK9 and resistin at the crossroads of the atherogenic dyslipidemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 11:1567-77. [PMID: 24134510 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.839204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The atherogenic dyslipidemia is a pathophysiological lipid triad, composed of high triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein and low high-density lipoprotein. The dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in individuals who are obese, insulin resistant and those with Type 2 diabetes and is the major contributing factor to the high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in these subjects. The primary initiating event in atherogenic dyslipidemia development is the hepatic overproduction of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The intracellular and extracellular protein triggers of hepatic VLDL production were not known until the recent identification of the causal roles of PCSK9 and resistin. Both PCSK9 and resistin act in large part by targeting and reducing the hepatic degradation of VLDL apoB through distinctly different mechanisms. In the current review, we discuss both the individual roles and the interaction of these proteins in driving atherogenic dyslipidemia, and thus, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease progression in humans. We further explore the important therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirya Rashid
- Department of Medicine, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute (DB-CVSRI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Many molecules are involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, and they and their receptors are located in the brain hypothalamus and adipocytes. On the basis of evidence suggesting an association between the brain and adipose tissue, we propose the concept of the brain-adipose axis. This model consists of (l) the expression of endogenous molecules and/or their receptors in the hypothalamus and peripheral adipose tissue, (2) the function of these molecules as appetite regulators in the brain, (3) their existence in the general circulation as secreted proteins and (4) the physiological affects of these molecules on fat cell size and number. These molecules can be divided into two anorexigenic and orexigenic classes. In adipose tissue, all orexigenic molecules possess adipogenic activity, and almost all anorexigenic molecules suppress fat cell proliferation. Although the manner, in which they present in the circulating blood connect the brain and peripheral adipocytes, remains to be well-organized, these observations suggest the positive feedback axis affecting molecules in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue. Analysis of the disturbance and dysregulation of this axis might promote the development of new anti-obesity drugs useful in treating the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Cherneva RV, Georgiev OB, Petrova DS, Mondeshki TL, Ruseva SR, Cakova AD, Mitev VI. Resistin - the link between adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2013; 12:5. [PMID: 23497617 PMCID: PMC3598160 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistin is an adipocytokine, associated with obesity and inflammation. Its exact role in insulin resistance and diabetes in the general population is still controversial. The relation between resistin plasma levels, insulin resistance and risk of impaired glucose metabolism in OSA patients has not been investigated. Materials and methods Plasma levels of resistin were measured in 67 patients with OSA and impaired glucose metabolism. 34,7% (23/67) had diabetes; 40% (27/67) patients had impаired glucose tolerance(IGT); 25,3%(17/67) had normal glucose metabolism (NGM). The association between resistin, BMI, obesity, markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress and sleep study characteristics was analysed. The different groups of patients were compared in regards to glucometabolic parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress – isoprostanes and insulin resistance – free fatty acids (FFA). Results Plasma levels of resistin were higher in patients with diabetes (6,12 ±5,93ng/ml), compared to those with IGT (3,85±2,81ng/ml, p-0,021) and NGM (3,77±3,23, p-0,043). Resistin did not differ between patients with IGT and NGM (p-0,954). In OSA patients with BMI>40 resistin plasma levels correlated neither to the clinical parameters (BMI, IRI, HOMA-I, HbA1C, AHI, desaturation index), nor to the biomarkers of oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (0,232>0,177mmol/l, p-0,037) were higher in diabetics in comparison to NGM. Conclusions Plasma resistin levels in OSA patients with BMI>40 are independent of insulin resistance and are not associated with the parameters, characterising the oxidative stress or severity of OSA. Resistin could be used in a multiple panel of clinical and biomarkers to discern patients with diabetes from those with IGT; in OSA patients with BMI >40 resistin together with HbA1C could discern patients with diabetes from those with NGM. In OSA patients with BMI >40 FFA and HbA1C are useful clinical markers in assessing the risk of dysglycaemia among patients with normal and IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radostina Vlaeva Cherneva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Georgi Sofiiski 1str, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
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High insulin and leptin increase resistin and inflammatory cytokine production from human mononuclear cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:487081. [PMID: 23484124 PMCID: PMC3591160 DOI: 10.1155/2013/487081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Resistin and the proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, produced by adipocytes, and macrophages, are considered to be important modulators of chronic inflammation contributing to the development of obesity and atherosclerosis. Human monocyte-enriched mononuclear cells, from ten healthy individuals, were exposed to high concentrations of insulin, leptin, and glucose (alone or in combination) for 24 hours in vitro. Resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production was examined and compared to that in untreated cells. High insulin and leptin concentrations significantly upregulated resistin and the cytokines. The subsequent addition of high glucose significantly upregulated resistin and TNF-α mRNA and protein secretion, while it did not have any effect on IL-6 or IL-1β production. By comparison, exposure to dexamethasone reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production, while at this time point it increased resistin protein secretion. These data suggest that the expression of resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β from human mononuclear cells, might be enhanced by the hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia and possibly by the hyperglycemia in metabolic diseases as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, the above increased production may contribute to detrimental effects of their increased adipocyte-derived circulating levels on systemic inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function of these patients.
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Brown JE. Dysregulated adipokines in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and vascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1474651412464794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes and vascular disease. Changes in body composition in the obese state lead to a dysregulation of secretion of adipocyte-secreted hormones known as adipokines. Adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin are known to be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Current knowledge suggests that adipokines provide potential therapeutic targets against type 2 diabetes and vascular disease.
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Kawamoto R, Tabara Y, Kohara K, Kusunoki T, Abe M, Miki T. Plasma Resistin Levels Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in Older Japanese Men from a Rural Village. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 10:380-6. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomo Kusunoki
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Qi Q, Menzaghi C, Smith S, Liang L, de Rekeneire N, Garcia ME, Lohman KK, Miljkovic I, Strotmeyer ES, Cummings SR, Kanaya AM, Tylavsky FA, Satterfield S, Ding J, Rimm EB, Trischitta V, Hu FB, Liu Y, Qi L. Genome-wide association analysis identifies TYW3/CRYZ and NDST4 loci associated with circulating resistin levels. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4774-80. [PMID: 22843503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin is a polypeptide hormone that was reported to be associated with insulin resistance, inflammation and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) study on circulating resistin levels in individuals of European ancestry drawn from the two independent studies: the Nurses' Health Study (n = 1590) and the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (n = 1658). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the GWA analysis were replicated in an independent cohort of Europeans: the Gargano Family Study (n = 659). We confirmed the association with a previously known locus, the RETN gene (19p13.2), and identified two novel loci near the TYW3/CRYZ gene (1p31) and the NDST4 gene (4q25), associated with resistin levels at a genome-wide significant level, best represented by SNP rs3931020 (P = 6.37 × 10(-12)) and SNP rs13144478 (P = 6.19 × 10(-18)), respectively. Gene expression quantitative trait loci analyses showed a significant cis association between the SNP rs3931020 and CRYZ gene expression levels (P = 3.68 × 10(-7)). We also found that both of these two SNPs were significantly associated with resistin gene (RETN) mRNA levels in white blood cells from 68 subjects with type 2 diabetes (both P = 0.02). In addition, the resistin-rising allele of the TYW3/CRYZ SNP rs3931020, but not the NDST4 SNP rs13144478, showed a consistent association with increased coronary heart disease risk [odds ratio = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03-1.34); P = 0.01]. Our results suggest that genetic variants in TYW3/CRYZ and NDST4 loci may be involved in the regulation of circulating resistin levels. More studies are needed to verify the associations of the SNP rs13144478 with NDST4 gene expression and resistin-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhu B, Cui H, Fan L, Wang H, Liu L, Tao T. The Relationship Between Serum Resistin Level and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Chinese Men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:592-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Cui
- Second Geriatric Cardiology Division Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - Li Fan
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division
| | - Hao Wang
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division
| | - Lin Liu
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division
| | - Tao Tao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division
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Ibrahim HH, Korah TE, Badr EA, Elshafie MK. Serum resistin in acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Egypt Heart J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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The role of resistin in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:760-4. [PMID: 22296675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date the role of resistin in colorectal cancer (CRC) is far from being elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum resistin levels and CRC in relation to known risk/protective factors including anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory parameters as well as lifestyle individual characteristics. METHODS 40 CRC patients and 40 controls were enrolled. Body weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) and resistin levels were measured. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was defined according to the harmonized definition. RESULTS Resistin levels were significantly higher in CRC patients than in controls (p=0.028) and gradually increased with tumor stage progression (p=0.042). A high resistin level was statistically significant determinant of CRC after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and lifestyle parameters (p=0.029). Resistin showed a strong association with CRP levels (p ≤ 0.0001). In stepwise regression analysis CRP remained the only independent predictor of both resistin levels (p=0.001) and CRC risk (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS These results clarify the nature of the association between resistin and CRC risk suggesting that the proinflammatory state of cancer, rather than the clinical diagnosis of CRC itself or its link with obesity and MS, may govern this association.
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Serum resistin in older patients with hip fracture: Relationship with comorbidity and biochemical determinants of bone metabolism. Cytokine 2011; 56:157-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vykoukal D, Davies MG. Vascular biology of metabolic syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:819-31. [PMID: 21439758 PMCID: PMC3136643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of clinical risk factors comprising atherogenic dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein and high triglycerides levels), elevated blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state accompanied by an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The adipose tissue of obese humans contains increased numbers of macrophages, and once activated, these macrophages are responsible for the expression of most of the tissue's tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Chronic inflammation associated with visceral obesity induces altered lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance in the liver. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and other bioactive substances, conceptualized as adipocytokines, including plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin. The dysregulation of these adipokines contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity. Adipose tissue-resident macrophages and adipocytes in the adipose tissue combined with the consequences of hyperglycemia, altered lipoproteins, and hyperinsulinemia in the vasculature and within organ microcirculation lead to dysfunctional endothelia and a proinflammatory state. Metabolic syndrome thus represents a combination of synergistic vascular pathologies that lead to an accelerated atherogenic state that compromises the ability of the patient to satisfactorily respond to humoral, cellular, and mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daynene Vykoukal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX77030, USA
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Lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in combination antiretroviral treated HIV-1-infected patients: implication of resistin. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2011; 57:16-23. [PMID: 21317795 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e318213312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available with respect to the involvement of resistin in lipodystrophy and metabolic disturbances in HIV-1-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We determined whether the resistin (rest) -420C>G single-nucleotide polymorphism and plasma resistin are associated with the development of lipodystrophy and metabolic disturbances in HIV-1-infected patients treated with cART. METHODS The study group comprised 299 HIV-1-infected patients treated with a stable cART for at least 1 year (143 with lipodystrophy and 156 without) and 175 uninfected controls. Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic variables were determined. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance was used to evaluate insulin resistance. Plasma resistin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rest -420C>G was assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Student t test, 1-way and 2-way analysis of variance, χ2 test, and Pearson and Spearman correlations were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Genotypes containing the rest -420G variant allele were significantly more common in HIV-1-infected patients without lipodystrophy compared with those with lipodystrophy (P = 0.037). Infected patients had significantly greater plasma resistin levels than uninfected controls (P < 0.001). Among infected patients, plasma resistin levels were significantly lower in patients with lipodystrophy with respect to those without (P = 0.034). In infected patients, plasma resistin levels had a significant positive correlation with insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance: P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 in the lipodystrophy subset and P = 0.002 and P = 0.03 in the nonlipodystrophy subset, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of white Spaniards, the rest -420C>G single-nucleotide polymorphism may be associated with cART-related lipodystrophy. Plasma resistin correlates with insulin resistance in infected patients with and without lipodystrophy.
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Costandi J, Melone M, Zhao A, Rashid S. Human Resistin Stimulates Hepatic Overproduction of Atherogenic ApoB-Containing Lipoprotein Particles by Enhancing ApoB Stability and Impairing Intracellular Insulin Signaling. Circ Res 2011; 108:727-42. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.238949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justina Costandi
- From the Department of Medicine (J.C., M.M., S.R.), Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute; Graduate Department of Medical Sciences (J.C., S.R.); and Department of Health Sciences (A.Z.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Melone
- From the Department of Medicine (J.C., M.M., S.R.), Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute; Graduate Department of Medical Sciences (J.C., S.R.); and Department of Health Sciences (A.Z.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine (J.C., M.M., S.R.), Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute; Graduate Department of Medical Sciences (J.C., S.R.); and Department of Health Sciences (A.Z.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirya Rashid
- From the Department of Medicine (J.C., M.M., S.R.), Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute; Graduate Department of Medical Sciences (J.C., S.R.); and Department of Health Sciences (A.Z.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Park HK, Qatanani M, Briggs ER, Ahima RS, Lazar MA. Inflammatory induction of human resistin causes insulin resistance in endotoxemic mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:775-83. [PMID: 21282361 PMCID: PMC3046838 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although adipocyte-derived murine resistin links insulin resistance to obesity, the role of human resistin, predominantly expressed in mononuclear cells and induced by inflammatory signals, remains unclear. Given the mounting evidence that obesity and type 2 diabetes are inflammatory diseases, we sought to determine the relationship between inflammatory increases in human resistin and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To investigate the role of human resistin on glucose homeostasis in inflammatory states, we generated mice lacking murine resistin but transgenic for a bacterial artificial chromosome containing human resistin (BAC-Retn), whose expression was similar to that in humans. The metabolic and molecular phenotypes of BAC-Retn mice were assessed after acute and chronic endotoxemia (i.e., exposure to inflammatory lipopolysaccharide). RESULTS We found that BAC-Retn mice have circulating resistin levels within the normal human range, and similar to humans, lipopolysaccharide markedly increased serum resistin levels. Acute endotoxemia caused hypoglycemia in mice lacking murine resistin, and this was attenuated in BAC-Retn mice. In addition, BAC-Retn mice developed severe hepatic insulin resistance under chronic endotoxemia, accompanied by increased inflammatory responses in liver and skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly support the role of human resistin in the development of insulin resistance in inflammation. Thus, human resistin may link insulin resistance to inflammatory diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
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Malo E, Ukkola O, Jokela M, Moilanen L, Kähönen M, Nieminen MS, Salomaa V, Jula A, Kesäniemi YA. Resistin is an indicator of the metabolic syndrome according to five different definitions in the Finnish Health 2000 survey. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 9:203-10. [PMID: 21332410 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly from human monocytes and macrophages. It has an unclear association with the metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors such as glucose intolerance, central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. We examined the association of resistin with metabolic syndrome and its components in a population-based cohort. METHODS A subsample of a large Finnish cross-sectional health examination survey (the Health 2000 Survey) was studied. Resistin was measured using an in-house assay based on the DELFIA® technique in 1,508 Finnish men and women aged 45-74 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to five different definitions. RESULTS Resistin levels were higher in the subjects with metabolic syndrome when compared to the subjects without metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05 for every metabolic syndrome criterion). In logistic regression analysis, a high resistin level was an independent predictor of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05 for every criterion). Resistin was positively associated with waist circumference, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model and inversely with total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS These results clarify the controversial association of resistin in obesity and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that a high resistin level is associated with clustering of metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Malo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Hivert MF, Sun Q, Shrader P, Mantzoros CS, Meigs JB, Hu FB. Higher adiponectin levels predict greater weight gain in healthy women in the Nurses' Health Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:409-15. [PMID: 20814416 PMCID: PMC3119857 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and resistin's possible roles in weight regulation have received little attention. We tested the hypothesis that adipokine levels predict future weight gain in women in the Nurses' Health Study. Among women who provided blood samples in 1990, we studied 1,063 women who did not develop diabetes ("healthy") and 984 women who subsequently developed diabetes. Total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and resistin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Women who did not developed diabetes had a mean BMI of 26.3 ± 6.0 kg/m(2) at baseline and gained 2.0 ± 6.1 kg over 4 years. Women who developed diabetes had a mean BMI of 30.1 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) at baseline, and gained 2.4 ± 7.1 kg over 4 years. In women who did not developed diabetes, higher baseline levels of total and HMW adiponectin were associated with significantly greater weight gain after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, diet, and other covariates: women in the highest quintile of total adiponectin gained 3.18 kg compared to women in the lowest quintile who gained 0.80 kg (fully adjusted; P for trend <0.0001). Adiponectin was not significantly associated with weight gain in women who subsequently developed diabetes. Resistin levels were not associated with weight gain in either women who did or did not develop diabetes during the follow-up. We conclude that elevated adiponectin levels are associated with higher weight gain in healthy women, independent of confounding risk factors. High adiponectin production by adipocytes might be a sign of "healthy" adipose tissue with further capacity to store fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Hivert
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q. Sun
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P. Shrader
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C. S. Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. B. Meigs
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F. B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Laboratory Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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