1
|
Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Han B, Zheng W, Peng P, Yang C, Jiang G, Ma Y, Li J, Ni J, Sun D. Identification of genetic associations and functional SNPs of bovine KLF6 gene on milk production traits in Chinese holstein. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:72. [PMID: 38017423 PMCID: PMC10685595 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous research identified the Kruppel like factor 6 (KLF6) gene as a prospective candidate for milk production traits in dairy cattle. The expression of KLF6 in the livers of Holstein cows during the peak of lactation was significantly higher than that during the dry and early lactation periods. Notably, it plays an essential role in activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) signaling pathways. The primary aim of this study was to further substantiate whether the KLF6 gene has significant genetic effects on milk traits in dairy cattle. RESULTS Through direct sequencing of PCR products with pooled DNA, we totally identified 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the KLF6 gene. The set of SNPs encompasses 7 located in 5' flanking region, 2 located in exon 2 and 3 located in 3' untranslated region (UTR). Of these, the g.44601035G > A is a missense mutation that resulting in the replacement of arginine (CGG) with glutamine (CAG), consequently leading to alterations in the secondary structure of the KLF6 protein, as predicted by SOPMA. The remaining 7 regulatory SNPs significantly impacted the transcriptional activity of KLF6 following mutation (P < 0.005), manifesting as changes in transcription factor binding sites. Additionally, 4 SNPs located in both the UTR and exons were predicted to influence the secondary structure of KLF6 mRNA using the RNAfold web server. Furthermore, we performed the genotype-phenotype association analysis using SAS 9.2 which found all the 12 SNPs were significantly correlated to milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield and protein percentage within both the first and second lactations (P < 0.0001 ~ 0.0441). Also, with Haploview 4.2 software, we found the 12 SNPs linked closely and formed a haplotype block, which was strongly associated with five milk traits (P < 0.0001 ~ 0.0203). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study represented the KLF6 gene has significant impacts on milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle. Among the identified SNPs, 7 were implicated in modulating milk traits by impacting transcriptional activity, 4 by altering mRNA secondary structure, and 1 by affecting the protein secondary structure of KLF6. These findings provided valuable molecular insights for genomic selection program of dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Hebei Province Animal Husbandry and Fine Breeds Work Station, No. 7 Xuefu Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Guie Jiang
- Hebei Province Animal Husbandry and Fine Breeds Work Station, No. 7 Xuefu Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yabin Ma
- Hebei Province Animal Husbandry and Fine Breeds Work Station, No. 7 Xuefu Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Hebei Province Animal Husbandry and Fine Breeds Work Station, No. 7 Xuefu Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Junqing Ni
- Hebei Province Animal Husbandry and Fine Breeds Work Station, No. 7 Xuefu Road, Changan District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Gan S, Fu L, Xu Y, Wang S, Zhang G, Pan D, Tao L, Shen X. 1,8-Cineole ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal pigment epithelium ferroptosis via PPAR-γ/TXNIP pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114978. [PMID: 37271074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
1,8-Cineole, the main component of volatile oil in aromatic plants, has diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, we investigated the protective effect of 1,8-cineole on DR and found that 1,8-cineole treatment could alter the expression of several genes in both high glucose (HG)-induced ARPE-19 cells and retinal tissues of DM mice, as well as inhibit ferroptosis. Subsequent investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying this inhibition revealed that expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was significantly upregulated while that of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) was significantly downregulated in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells, and treatment with 1,8-cineole could effectively reverse these changes. Treatment with a PPAR-γ pharmacological agonist (rosiglitazone), alone or combined with 1,8-cineole, significantly inhibited the transcription of TXNIP and ferroptosis in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Conversely, pretreatment with GW9662, a PPAR-γ inhibitor, upregulated the transcription and expression of TXNIP in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells; 1,8-cineole failed to reverse this upregulated expression. To explore these relationships, we constructed a PPAR-γ adenovirus shRNA to elucidate the effect of 1,8-cineole on the negative regulation of TXNIP by PPAR-γ. Taken together, the present findings indicate that HG-induced ferroptosis in retinal tissue plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of DR, which can be ameliorated by 1,8-cineole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangnian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiquan Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyun Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yini Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengquan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangqiong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Di Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province and The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources (The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical University), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; The Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kasuno K, Yodoi J, Iwano M. Urinary Thioredoxin as a Biomarker of Renal Redox Dysregulation and a Companion Diagnostic to Identify Responders to Redox-Modulating Therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1051-1065. [PMID: 34541903 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The development and progression of renal diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), are the result of heterogeneous pathophysiology that reflects a range of environmental factors and, in a lesser extent, genetic mutations. The pathophysiology specific to most kidney diseases is not currently identified; therefore, these diseases are diagnosed based on non-pathological factors. For that reason, pathophysiology-based companion diagnostics for selection of pathophysiology-targeted treatments have not been available, which impedes personalized medicine in kidney disease. Recent Advances: Pathophysiology-targeted therapeutic agents are now being developed for the treatment of redox dysregulation. Redox modulation therapeutics, including bardoxolone methyl, suppresses the onset and progression of AKI and CKD. On the other hand, pathophysiology-targeted diagnostics for renal redox dysregulation are also being developed. Urinary thioredoxin (TXN) is a biomarker that can be used to diagnose tubular redox dysregulation. AKI causes oxidation and urinary excretion of TXN, which depletes TXN from the tubules, resulting in tubular redox dysregulation. Urinary TXN is selectively elevated at the onset of AKI and correlates with the progression of CKD in diabetic nephropathy. Critical Issues: Diagnostic methods should provide information about molecular mechanisms that aid in the selection of appropriate therapies to improve the prognosis of kidney disease. Future Directions: A specific diagnostic method enabling detection of redox dysregulation based on pathological molecular mechanisms is much needed and could provide the first step toward personalized medicine in kidney disease. Urinary TXN is a candidate for a companion diagnostic method to identify responders to redox-modulating therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1051-1065.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kasuno
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Biostress Research Promotion Alliance (JBPA), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mantovani A, Zusi C, Lunardi G, Bonapace S, Lippi G, Maffeis C, Targher G. Association between KLF6 rs3750861 polymorphism and plasma ceramide concentrations in post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1283-1287. [PMID: 35260314 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Based on the emerging role of Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in lipid metabolism, we examined whether there is a relationship between the KLF6 rs3750861 genetic variant and plasma ceramide levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULT We measured six previously identified plasma ceramides, which have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk [Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)] amongst 101 Caucasian post-menopausal women with T2DM, who consecutively attended our diabetes outpatient service during a 3-month period. Plasma ceramides were measured by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. Genotyping of the KLF6 rs3750861 polymorphism was performed by TaqMan-Based RT-PCR system. Overall, 87 (86.1%) patients had KLF6 rs3750861 C/C genotype and 14 (13.9%) had C/T or T/T genotypes. After adjustment for age, diabetes-related variables, use of lipid-lowering drugs and other potential confounders, patients with C/T or T/T genotypes had higher plasma Cer(d18:1/18:0) (0.159 ± 0.05 vs. 0.120 ± 0.04 μmol/L, p = 0.012), Cer(d18:1/20:0) (0.129 ± 0.04 vs. 0.098 ± 0.03 μmol/L, p = 0.008), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) (1.236 ± 0.38 vs. 0.978 ± 0.36 μmol/L, p = 0.032) compared with those with C/C genotype. CONCLUSIONS The C/T or T/T genotypes of rs3750861 in the KLF6 gene were closely associated with higher levels of specific plasma ceramides in post-menopausal women with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zusi
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy; Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lunardi
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory and Transfusional Medicine, ''IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria'' Hospital, Negrar (VR), Italy
| | - Stefano Bonapace
- Division of Cardiology, ''IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria'' Hospital, Negrar (VR), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Pediatrics, and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao J, Zhao C, Gong L, Cheng X, Yang J, Zhu M, Lv X. MiR-181 enhances proliferative and migratory potentials of retinal endothelial cells in diabetic retinopathy by targeting KLF6. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:882-888. [PMID: 35179443 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2039206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to uncover the role of microRNA-181 (miR-181) in the disease onset of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS MiR-181 levels in plasma and aqueous humor samples of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy subjects were analyzed by microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Proliferative and migrative capacities of human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) regulated by miR-181 were assessed. The binding between miR-181 and kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MiR-181 was upregulated in plasma and aqueous humor samples of NPDR and PDR patients. Overexpression of miR-181 stimulated hRECs to proliferate and migrate. KLF6 was the downstream gene binding miR-181, which was involved in the regulation of hRECs by miR-181. CONCLUSIONS MiR-181 is upregulated in plasma and aqueous humor of DR patients. It enhances proliferative and migratory potentials of retinal endothelial cells by targeting KLF6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chujin Zhao
- Department of ENT, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University Of Science And Technology, 228 Jingui Road, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Lanlan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xinchao Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mengnan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xudong Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science And Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu L, Shao F. Sitagliptin protects renal glomerular endothelial cells against high glucose-induced dysfunction and injury. Bioengineered 2021; 13:655-666. [PMID: 34967261 PMCID: PMC8805972 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sitagliptin is a well-established anti-diabetic drug that also exerts protective effects on diabetic complications. Previous work reveals that sitagliptin has a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). Vascular impairment frequently occurs in diabetic renal complications. Here, we evaluated the protective function of sitagliptin in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HrGECs) under high glucose (HG) conditions. Expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were assessed using real-time PCR and ELISA. Endothelial cells permeability was assayed using the fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) and trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. The results show that sitagliptin mitigated HG-induced oxidative stress in HrGECs with decreased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Sitagliptin inhibited HG-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in HrGECs. It also ameliorated HG-induced aggravation of HrGECs permeability and reduction of the tight junction component claudin-5. Moreover, kruppel Like Factor 6 (KLF6) mediated the protective effects of sitagliptin on endothelial monolayer permeability against HG. Collectively, sitagliptin reversed the HG-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased permeability in HrGECs via regulating KLF6. This study suggests that sitagliptin might be implicated as an effective strategy for preventing diabetic renal injuries in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) with Focus on Brain and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249357. [PMID: 33302545 PMCID: PMC7764580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to diseases relies on the identification of key molecular targets involved in amplifying disease processes. One such molecule is thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also designated thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2), a member of the α-arrestin family of proteins and a central regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, involved in diabetes-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. TXNIP sequesters reduced thioredoxin (TRX), inhibiting its function, resulting in increased oxidative stress. Many different cellular stress factors regulate TXNIP expression, including high glucose, endoplasmic reticulum stress, free radicals, hypoxia, nitric oxide, insulin, and adenosine-containing molecules. TXNIP is also directly involved in inflammatory activation through its interaction with the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease have significant pathologies associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunctions. In addition, as dysfunctions in glucose and cellular metabolism have been associated with such brain diseases, a role for TXNIP in neurodegeneration has actively been investigated. In this review, we will focus on the current state of the understanding of possible normal and pathological functions of TXNIP in the central nervous system from studies of in vitro neural cells and the brains of humans and experimental animals with reference to other studies. As TXNIP can be expressed by neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, a complex pattern of regulation and function in the brain is suggested. We will examine data suggesting TXNIP as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases where further research is needed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu L, Ma X, Verma N, Perie L, Pendse J, Shamloo S, Marie Josephson A, Wang D, Qiu J, Guo M, Ping X, Allen M, Noguchi A, Springer D, Shen F, Liu C, Zhang S, Li L, Li J, Xiao J, Lu J, Du Z, Luo J, Aleman JO, Leucht P, Mueller E. PPARγ agonists delay age-associated metabolic disease and extend longevity. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13267. [PMID: 33219735 PMCID: PMC7681041 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a number of disorders caused by cellular senescence, tissue damage, and organ dysfunction. It has been reported that anti‐inflammatory and insulin‐sensitizing compounds delay, or reverse, the aging process and prevent metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and muscle atrophy, improving healthspan and extending lifespan. Here we investigated the effects of PPARγ agonists in preventing aging and increasing longevity, given their known properties in lowering inflammation and decreasing glycemia. Our molecular and physiological studies show that long‐term treatment of mice at 14 months of age with low doses of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone (Rosi) improved glucose metabolism and mitochondrial functionality. These effects were associated with decreased inflammation and reduced tissue atrophy, improved cognitive function, and diminished anxiety‐ and depression‐like conditions, without any adverse effects on cardiac and skeletal functionality. Furthermore, Rosi treatment of mice started when they were 14 months old was associated with lifespan extension. A retrospective analysis of the effects of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (Pio) on longevity showed decreased mortality in patients receiving Pio compared to those receiving a PPARγ‐independent insulin secretagogue glimepiride. Taken together, these data suggest the possibility of using PPARγ agonists to promote healthy aging and extend lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Xu
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismNYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismNYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Narendra Verma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Luce Perie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Jay Pendse
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
- Medical Service Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System New York NY USA
| | - Sama Shamloo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Anne Marie Josephson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodan Ping
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Michele Allen
- Murine Phenotyping Core facility NHLBI National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Audrey Noguchi
- Murine Phenotyping Core facility NHLBI National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Danielle Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core facility NHLBI National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Fei Shen
- School of Physical Education & Health Care East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Lingyu Li
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Physical Education & Health Care East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- LANEH School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jose O. Aleman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
- Medical Service Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System New York NY USA
| | - Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismNYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Life Science Shanghai University Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin Y, Wen-Jie Z, Chang-Qing L, Sheng-Xiang A, Yue Z. mir-22-3p/KLF6/MMP14 axis in fibro-adipogenic progenitors regulates fatty infiltration in muscle degeneration. FASEB J 2020; 34:12691-12701. [PMID: 33000497 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are the main cellular source of fatty degeneration in muscle injury; however, the underlying mechanism of FAP adipogenesis in muscle degeneration needs to be further examined. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) has been reported to induce the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but whether MMP-14 also regulates the differentiation of FAPs remains unclear. To investigate whether and how MMP-14 regulates FAP adipogenesis and fatty infiltration in muscle degeneration, we examined MMP-14 expression in degenerative muscles and tested the effect of MMP-14 on FAP adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. As expected, MMP-14 enhanced FAP adipogenesis and fatty infiltration in degenerative muscles; moreover, blocking endogenous MMP-14 in injured muscles facilitated muscle repair. Further investigations revealed that Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) was a transcription factor associated with MMP-14 and acted as an "on-off" switch in the differentiation of FAPs into adipocytes or myofibroblasts. Moreover, KLF6 was the target gene of miR-22-3p, which was downregulated during FAP adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, and overexpression of miR-22-3p markedly prevented FAP adipogenesis and attenuated fatty degeneration in muscles. Our study revealed that miR-22-3p/KLF6/MMP-14 is a novel pathway in FAP adipogenesis and that inhibiting KLF6 is a potential strategy for the treatment of muscular degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Wen-Jie
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chang-Qing
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Sheng-Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dumayne C, Tarussio D, Sanchez-Archidona AR, Picard A, Basco D, Berney XP, Ibberson M, Thorens B. Klf6 protects β-cells against insulin resistance-induced dedifferentiation. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100958. [PMID: 32244185 PMCID: PMC7093812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, development of insulin resistance triggers an increase in pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion capacity and β-cell number. Failure of this compensatory mechanism is caused by a dedifferentiation of β-cells, which leads to insufficient insulin secretion and diabetic hyperglycemia. The β-cell factors that normally protect against dedifferentiation remain poorly defined. Here, through a systems biology approach, we identify the transcription factor Klf6 as a regulator of β-cell adaptation to metabolic stress. METHODS We used a β-cell specific Klf6 knockout mouse model to investigate whether Klf6 may be a potential regulator of β-cell adaptation to a metabolic stress. RESULTS We show that inactivation of Klf6 in β-cells blunts their proliferation induced by the insulin resistance of pregnancy, high-fat high-sucrose feeding, and insulin receptor antagonism. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Klf6 controls the expression of β-cell proliferation genes and, in the presence of insulin resistance, it prevents the down-expression of genes controlling mature β-cell identity and the induction of disallowed genes that impair insulin secretion. Its expression also limits the transdifferentiation of β-cells into α-cells. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a new transcription factor that protects β-cells against dedifferentiation, and which may be targeted to prevent diabetes development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dumayne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David Tarussio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Rodriguez Sanchez-Archidona
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Picard
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Basco
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier Pascal Berney
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ismael S, Nasoohi S, Yoo A, Ahmed HA, Ishrat T. Tissue Plasminogen Activator Promotes TXNIP-NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation after Hyperglycemic Stroke in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2495-2508. [PMID: 32172516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has been shown to counterbalance the beneficial effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) mediates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the brain and reduces cerebral glucose uptake/utilization. We have recently reported that TXNIP-induced NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome activation contributes to neuronal damage after ischemic stroke. Here, we tested the hypothesis that tPA induces TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation after ischemic stroke, in hyperglycemic mice. Acute hyperglycemia was induced in mice by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of a 20% glucose solution. This was followed by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO), with or without intravenous (IV) tPA administered at reperfusion. The IV-tPA exacerbated hyperglycemia-induced neurological deficits, ipsilateral edema and hemorrhagic transformation, and accentuated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) upregulation and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation after ischemic stroke. Higher expression of TXNIP in hyperglycemic t-MCAO animals augmented glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) downregulation and increased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression/matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) signaling, all of which result in blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and increased permeability to endogenous immunoglobulin G (IgG). It was also associated with a discernible buildup of nitrotyrosine and accumulation of dysfunctional tight junction proteins: zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin-5. Moreover, tPA administration triggered activation of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the ischemic penumbra of hyperglycemic animals. All of these observations suggest a powerful role for TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the tPA-induced toxicity seen with hyperglycemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arum Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Monroe Avenue, Wittenborg Bldg, Room-231, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pydyn N, Kadluczka J, Kus E, Pospiech E, Losko M, Fu M, Jura J, Kotlinowski J. RNase MCPIP1 regulates hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma via TXNIP/PGC-1alpha pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1458-1471. [PMID: 31185306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) acts as an endonuclease that degrades selected mRNAs, viral RNAs and pre-miRNAs. MCPIP1 inhibits adipogenesis by degradation of C/EBPβ mRNA and adipogenesis-related miRNA, however its role in the regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of MCPIP1 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2-20 weeks and next primary hepatocytes and adipose tissue were isolated. For in vitro experiments we used murine primary hepatocytes, control HepG2 cells and HepG2 with overexpressed or silenced MCPIP1. We found that Mcpip1 levels were lower in primary hepatocytes isolated from HFD-fed mice than in control cells starting at 4 weeks of a HFD. Level of Mcpip1 was also depleted in visceral fat isolated from obese and glucose-intolerant mice characterized by fatty liver disease. We showed that MCPIP1 overexpression in HepG2 cells treated with oleate induces the level and activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). This phenotype was reverted upon silencing of MCPIP1 in HepG2 cells and in primary hepatocytes lacking Mcpip1 protein. MCPIP1 activated the PPARγ transcription factor via the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1- α (PGC-1α) pathway. MCPIP1 contributes to lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by regulating the TXNIP/PGC-1α/PPARγ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pydyn
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kadluczka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pospiech
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Losko
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock, Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chi Y, Xu Y, Luo F, Lin Y, Li Z. Molecular cloning, expression profiles and associations of KLF6 gene with intramuscular fat in Tibetan chicken. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 31:67-75. [PMID: 30501383 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1540428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clone KLF6 gene of Tibetan chicken, clarify its temporal-spatial expression characteristics, and build the correlation between the expression level of KLF6 gene and IMF content in different developmental stages. RT-PCR was used to clone Tibetan chicken KLF6 gene, qPCR was used to detect the expression level of KLF6 gene in different tissues and developmental stages. The sequence of KLF6 gene was 919 bp including a complete 852 bp CDS region. The gene was highest expression in lung tissues, which was significantly higher than in other tissues (p < 0.01). In male Tibetan chicken breast muscle the levels of KLF6 mRNA were negatively related to IMF content (r=-0.097, p > 0.05), while in females they were positively correlated (r = 0.077, p > 0.05). At the age of 119-210 days, the expression of KLF6 mRNA in the male chicken leg muscles was highly positively correlated (r = 0.506, p < 0.01), but negatively correlated in the female chicken leg muscles (r=-0.198, p > 0.05). The expression level of KLF6 in breast muscle decreased gradually with the increasing age, while in leg muscle the expression level increased firstly and then descended with the increasing age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Chi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaou Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Horne SJ, Vasquez JM, Guo Y, Ly V, Piret SE, Leonardo AR, Ling J, Revelo MP, Bogenhagen D, Yang VW, He JC, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-Specific Loss of Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Increases Mitochondrial Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2018; 67:2420-2433. [PMID: 30115650 PMCID: PMC6198342 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury is uniformly observed in several murine models as well as in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although emerging evidence has highlighted the role of key transcriptional regulators in mitochondrial biogenesis, little is known about the regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly in the podocyte under diabetic conditions. We recently reported a critical role of the zinc finger Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing apoptosis in a proteinuric murine model. In this study, we report that podocyte-specific knockdown of Klf6 increased the susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced DKD in the resistant C57BL/6 mouse strain. We observed that the loss of KLF6 in podocytes reduced the expression of synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 with resultant increased mitochondrial injury, leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under diabetic conditions. Conversely, mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were significantly attenuated with overexpression of KLF6 in cultured human podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, we observed a significant reduction in glomerular and podocyte-specific expression of KLF6 in human kidney biopsies with progression of DKD. Collectively, these data suggest that podocyte-specific KLF6 is critical to preventing mitochondrial injury and apoptosis under diabetic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Horne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jessica M Vasquez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Victoria Ly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sian E Piret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexandra R Leonardo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jason Ling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel Bogenhagen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - John C He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thioredoxin-interacting protein deficiency ameliorates kidney inflammation and fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1211-1224. [PMID: 29884908 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is associated with inflammation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and oxidative stress in diabetic kidney disease, yet the potential role of TXNIP in nondiabetic renal injury is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TXNIP on renal injury by creating a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model in TXNIP knockout (TKO) mice. We performed sham or UUO surgery in 8-week-old TXNIP KO male mice and age and sex-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Animals were killed at 3, 5, 7, or 14 days after surgery, and renal tissues were obtained for RNA, protein, and other analysis. Our results show that the expression of TXNIP was increased in a time-dependent manner in the ligated kidneys. TXNIP deletion reduced renal fibrosis, apoptosis, α-SMA, TGF-β1 and CTGF expression, and activation of Smad3, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 in UUO kidneys. We also found UUO-induced renal F4/80+ macrophage infiltration, MCP-1 expression and activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome were attenuated in TKO mice. Furthermore, our study revealed that TXNIP deficiency inhibited the expression of 8-OHdG, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in UUO kidney. In summary, our study suggests that TXNIP plays a key role in the renal inflammation and fibrosis induced by UUO. Inhibition of TXNIP may be a strategy to slow the progression of chronic kidney diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Vert A, Castro J, Ribó M, Benito A, Vilanova M. Activating transcription factor 3 is crucial for antitumor activity and to strengthen the antiviral properties of Onconase. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11692-11707. [PMID: 28035074 PMCID: PMC5355296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Onconase is a ribonuclease that presents both antitumor and antiviral properties linked to its ribonucleolytic activity and represents a new class of RNA-damaging drugs. It has reached clinical trials for the treatment of several cancers and human papilloma virus warts. Onconase targets different RNAs in the cell cytosol but Onconase-treated cells present features that are different from a simple arrest of protein synthesis. We have used microarray-derived transcriptional profiling to identify Onconase-regulated genes in two ovarian cancer cell lines (NCI/ADR-RES and OVCAR-8). RT-qPCR analyses have confirmed the microarray findings. We have identified a network of up-regulated genes implicated in different signaling pathways that may explain the cytotoxic effects exerted by Onconase. Among these genes, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a central role in the key events triggered by Onconase in treated cancer cells that finally lead to apoptosis. This mechanism, mediated by ATF3, is cell-type independent. Up-regulation of ATF3 may also explain the antiviral properties of this ribonuclease because this factor is involved in halting viral genome replication, keeping virus latency or preventing viral oncogenesis. Finally, Onconase-regulated genes are different from those affected by nuclear-directed ribonucleases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vert
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Metabolism and chromatin dynamics in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 54:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
19
|
Erdi F, Keskin F, Esen H, Kaya B, Feyzioglu B, Kilinc I, Karatas Y, Cuce G, Kalkan E. Telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress and subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 2016; 38:224-31. [PMID: 27078703 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2015.1105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is one of the factors contributing to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm. SAH-induced cerebral vasospam alters thioredoxin (Trx) cycle enzymes and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an important endogenous antioxidant system. In this study, we have explored the effects of telmisartan on the vascular morphological changes, endothelial apoptosis, tissue oxidative stress status and the level of Trx cycle enzymes/ TXNIP in a rabbit SAH model. METHODS Forty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups of eight rabbits each: control group, sham group, SAH group, SAH + vehicle group and SAH + telmisartan group. SAH was created by a single cisterna magna blood injection. SAH + telmisartan group received telmisartan treatment (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal, once daily) for 72 h. The brainstem tissue Trx1, Trx2, Trx reductase (TrxR), TrxR1and TXNIP levels were investigated. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) levels were investigated. Basilar artery segments were investigated for cross-sectional area, wall thickness measurements and endothelial apoptosis. RESULTS Telmisartan treatment restored the lowered level of Trx1, TrxR, TAS and the expression of TrxR1 seen in SAH. Telmisartan treatment also decreased TXNIP expression, TOS, MDA and TNF alpha levels. Morphological changes of cerebral vasospasm were attenuated after treatment. Endothelial apoptosis significantly reduced. DISCUSSION Treatment with telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress and SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm in rabbits. These effects of telmisartan may be associated with downregulation of TXNIP and upregulation of Trx/TrxR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Erdi
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| | - Fatih Keskin
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| | - Hasan Esen
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Kilinc
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| | - Yasar Karatas
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| | - Gokhan Cuce
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| | - Erdal Kalkan
- a Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
PPARs: Protectors or Opponents of Myocardial Function? PPAR Res 2015; 2015:835985. [PMID: 26713088 PMCID: PMC4680114 DOI: 10.1155/2015/835985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 5 million people in the United States suffer from the complications of heart failure (HF), which is a rapidly expanding health complication. Disorders that contribute to HF include ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathies, and hypertension. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family. There are three PPAR isoforms: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. They can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as by pharmacologic agents. Activators of PPARs are used for treating several metabolic complications, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia that are directly or indirectly associated with HF. However, some of these drugs have adverse effects that compromise cardiac function. This review article aims to summarize the current basic and clinical research findings of the beneficial or detrimental effects of PPAR biology on myocardial function.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Hai C. Redox modulation of adipocyte differentiation: hypothesis of "Redox Chain" and novel insights into intervention of adipogenesis and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:99-125. [PMID: 26187871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, it is important to clearly understand how adipose tissue forms. Accumulating data from various laboratories implicate that redox status is closely associated with energy metabolism. Thus, biochemical regulation of the redox system may be an attractive alternative for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. In this work, we will review the current data detailing the role of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation, as well as identifying areas for further research. The redox system affects adipogenic differentiation in an extensive way. We propose that there is a complex and interactive "redox chain," consisting of a "ROS-generating enzyme chain," "combined antioxidant chain," and "transcription factor chain," which contributes to fine-tune the regulation of ROS level and subsequent biological consequences. The roles of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation are paradoxical. The redox system exerts a "tridimensional" mechanism in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, including transcriptional, epigenetic, and posttranslational modulations. We suggest that redoxomic techniques should be extensively applied to understand the biological effects of redox alterations in a more integrated way. A stable and standardized "redox index" is urgently needed for the evaluation of the general redox status. Therefore, more effort should be made to establish and maintain a general redox balance rather than to conduct simple prooxidant or antioxidant interventions, which have comprehensive implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
La Sala L, Pujadas G, De Nigris V, Canivell S, Novials A, Genovese S, Ceriello A. Oscillating glucose and constant high glucose induce endoglin expression in endothelial cells: the role of oxidative stress. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:505-12. [PMID: 25398480 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM High glucose-induced oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the mediators of endothelial damage in diabetes. The major endothelial protein, endoglin, has been found overexpressed in the vessels during pathological situations, but little is known about its relation to diabetic vascular complications. To clarify the role of endoglin in endothelial injury, we sought to determine the effects of high and oscillating glucose on its expression. MATERIALS Furthermore, the activation of the Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF-6) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as possible regulators of endoglin expression has been evaluated. The possible role of the oxidative stress has been studied evaluating the effects of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and the cellular antioxidant response mediated by NAD(P)H quinine-oxido-reductase-1 (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). RESULTS Primary HUVECs were cultured for 21 days in normal, high and oscillating glucose (5, 25 and 5/25 mmol/l every 24 h, respectively) with/without ALA. In oscillating and high glucose total endoglin, its soluble form (sEng), KLF-6 and HIF-1α were significantly increased. Simultaneously, the oxidative DNA stress markers 8-OHdG and H2A.X were elevated. Moreover, ENG gene transcriptional rate increased during glucose exposures concomitantly with increased KLF-6 nuclear translocations. ALA significantly reduced all these phenomena. Interestingly, during oscillating and chronic high glucose, NQO-1 and HO-1 did not increase, but ALA induced their overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings provide novel clue about endoglin in the regulation of high glucose-mediated vascular damage in HUVECs and the role of oxidative stress in this regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia La Sala
- Institut d'Investigación Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Hospital Clinic, C/Rosselló, 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zitman-Gal T, Green J, Korzets Z, Bernheim J, Benchetrit S. Kruppel-like factors in an endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell coculture model: impact of a diabetic environment and vitamin D. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:470-8. [PMID: 25743914 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are involved in the development of local and diffuse vasculopathies by participating in inflammatory processes that can lead to uncontrolled vascular complications. Our aim was to study the possible interactions of EC and VSMC in an in vitro coculture model exposed to diabetic-like conditions and the effect of vitamin D on cellular pathways that might lead to an inflammatory response. EC and VSMC were isolated from different umbilical cords and stimulated in an in vitro coculture model in a diabetic-like environment and calcitriol for 24 h. Total RNA and protein were extracted from cells and analyzed for the expression of selected inflammatory-related markers. The EC-VSMC coculture in a diabetic-like environment induced the expression of inflammatory markers such as Kruppel-like factors, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), IL-6, and IL-8. Addition of vitamin D to the EC-VSMC coculture induced selective changes in the inflammatory response. This model could lead to a better understanding of the interactions between EC and VSMC in the inflammatory processes involved in diabetes and emphasizes the role of vitamin D in the inflammatory response. The use of different donors strengthens the significance of our findings showing that genetic variations do not affect the impact of vitamin D on the expression of inflammatory-related proteins in our model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Zitman-Gal
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, 44281, Israel,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
The PPARγ Agonist Protects Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress and ApoptosisviaThioredoxin Overexpression. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2181-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
25
|
Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is a novel tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:62. [PMID: 24645981 PMCID: PMC3995095 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and many patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) fail to respond to conventional therapies, resulting in morbidity and mortality. Additional therapeutic targets and treatment options are needed for these patients. We recently reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is highly expressed in ATC and confers an aggressive phenotype when overexpressed in DTC cells. Methods Microarray analysis was used to identify downstream targets of PPARγ in ATC cells. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to assess thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in thyroid cancer cell lines and primary tumor specimens. Retroviral transduction was used to generate ATC cell lines that overexpress TXNIP, and assays that assess glucose uptake, viable cell proliferation, and invasion were used to characterize the in vitro properties of these cells. An orthotopic thyroid cancer mouse model was used to assess the effect of TXNIP overexpression in ATC cell lines in vivo. Results Using microarray analysis, we show that TXNIP is highly upregulated when PPARγ is depleted from ATC cells. Using Western blot analysis and IHC, we show that DTC and ATC cells exhibit differential TXNIP expression patterns. DTC cell lines and patient tumors have high TXNIP expression in contrast to low or absent expression in ATC cell lines and tumors. Overexpression of TXNIP decreases the growth of HTh74 cells compared to vector controls and inhibits glucose uptake in the ATC cell lines HTh74 and T238. Importantly, TXNIP overexpression in T238 cells results in attenuated tumor growth and decreased metastasis in an orthotopic thyroid cancer mouse model. Conclusions Our findings indicate that TXNIP functions as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cells, and its downregulation is likely important in the transition from differentiated to advanced thyroid cancer. These studies underscore the potential of TXNIP as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic indicator in advanced thyroid cancer.
Collapse
|
26
|
Thioredoxin-interacting protein mediates dysfunction of tubular autophagy in diabetic kidneys through inhibiting autophagic flux. J Transl Med 2014; 94:309-20. [PMID: 24492284 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression is ubiquitous and is induced by a variety of cellular stresses, including high intracellular glucose. TXNIP is associated with activation of oxidative stress and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy is a major pathway that delivers damaged proteins and organelles to lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the dysregulation of autophagy and the regulation of TXNIP on autophagy in renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) under diabetic conditions. The formation of autophagosomes was measured using transmission electron microscopy, and LC3-II, and the effectiveness of autophagic clearance was determined by p62 expression in diabetic kidney and in human PTCs exposed to high glucose (HG). The results collectively demonstrated increased expression of TXNIP, LC3/LC3-II and p62 in renal tubular cells of mice with diabetic nephropathy and in cultured human PTCs exposed to HG (30 mM/l) for 48 h compared with control. The formation of autophagic vacuoles was increased in HG-induced cells. Furthermore, silencing of TXNIP by siRNA transfection reduced autophagic vacuoles and the expression of LC3-II and p62 in human PTCs exposed to HG compared with control and partially reversed the accumulation of LC3-II and p62 induced by bafilomycin A1 (50 nM/l), a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy which blocks the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and impairs the degradation of LC3-II and p62. Collectively, these results suggest that hyperglycemia leads to dysfunction of autophagy in renal tubular cells and decreases autophagic clearance. HG-induced overexpression of TXNIP may contribute to the dysfunction of tubular autophagy in diabetes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zitman-Gal T, Green J, Pasmanik-Chor M, Golan E, Bernheim J, Benchetrit S. Vitamin D manipulates miR-181c, miR-20b and miR-15a in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to a diabetic-like environment. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:8. [PMID: 24397367 PMCID: PMC3893386 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood and tissue concentrations of glucose and advanced glycation end-products are believed to play an important role in the development of vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence specific manner. MiRNA are involved in various biological processes and become novel biomarkers, modulators and therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and DM. Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D) may inhibit endothelial proliferation, blunt angiogenesis, and be a cardioprotective agent. Calcitriol deficiency is a risk factor for DM and hypertension. The aim of this project was to study the miRNA microarray expression changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated in a diabetic-like environment with the addition of calcitriol. METHODS HUVEC were treated for 24 h with 200 μg/ml human serum albumin (HSA) and 100 mg/dl glucose (control group) or 200 μg/ml AGE-HSA, and 250 mg/dl glucose (diabetic-like environment), and physiological concentrations (10-10 mol/l) of calcitriol. miRNA microarray analysis and real time PCR to validate the miRNA expression profile and mRNA target gene expression were carried out. RESULTS Compared to control, 31 mature human miRNA were differentially expressed in the presence of a diabetic-like environment. Addition of physiological concentrations of calcitriol revealed 39 differentially expressed mature human miRNA. MiR-181c, miR-15a, miR-20b, miR-411, miR-659, miR-126 and miR-510 were selected for further analysis because they are known to be modified in DM and in other biological disorders. The predicted targets of these miRNA (such as KLF6, KLF9, KLF10, TXNIP and IL8) correspond to molecular and biological processes such as immune and defense responses, signal transduction and regulation of RNA. CONCLUSION This study identified novel miRNA in the field of diabetic vasculopathy and might provide new information about the effect of vitamin D on gene regulation induced by a diabetic-like environment. New gene targets that are part of the molecular mechanism and the therapeutic treatment in diabetic vasculopathy are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Zitman-Gal
- Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Duan S, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang S, Ji L, Dai D, Jiang D, Zhang X, Wang Q. A novel PCR-based approach to discover miRNA target genes. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1270-4. [PMID: 25317074 PMCID: PMC4196129 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are potent regulators of gene expression, and most miRNAs have from several to several thousands of gene targets. Validating the numerous gene targets of a given miRNA remains challenging despite the existence of various tools and databases that predict candidate gene-miRNA pairs. In the present study, we present a high-throughput but flexible method that applies a PCR-based application to simulate the binding of miRNAs to their gene targets. Using hsa-miR-377 as an illustrative example, our method was able to identify 13 potential targets of hsa-miR-377. Moreover, our results include 2 genes (SOD2 and PPM1A) that have already been verified as targets of hsa-miR-377. Our method may provide an alternative way of identifying the gene targets of miRNAs for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Duan
- 1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ 315000, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- 2. The Neurology Department of the 148th Hospital of PLA, Zibo, SD 255300, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- 3. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shufei Wang
- 4. Biological Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lindan Ji
- 1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ 315000, China
| | - Dongjun Dai
- 1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ 315000, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- 1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ZJ 315000, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- 2. The Neurology Department of the 148th Hospital of PLA, Zibo, SD 255300, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- 5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao ZG, Niu CY, Qiu JF, Chen XD, Li JC. Effect of mesenteric lymph duct ligation on gene expression profiles of renal tissue in hemorrhagic shock rats with fluid resuscitation. Ren Fail 2013; 36:271-7. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.844623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
30
|
Wei J, Shi Y, Hou Y, Ren Y, Du C, Zhang L, Li Y, Duan H. Knockdown of thioredoxin-interacting protein ameliorates high glucose-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2788-96. [PMID: 24041652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular cells contributes to the renal accumulation of matrix protein that is associated with diabetic nephropathy. Both high glucose and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are able to induce EMT in cell culture. In this study, we examined the role of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) on EMT induced by high glucose or TGF-β1 in HK-2 cells. EMT was assessed by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin and the induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype. High glucose (30mM) was shown to induce EMT at 72h. This was blocked by knockdown of TXNIP or antioxidant NAC. Meanwhile, we also found that knockdown of TXNIP or antioxidant NAC inhibited high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 and expression of TGF-β1. HK-2 cells that were exposed to TGF-β1 (4ng/ml) also underwent EMT. The expression of TXNIP gene and protein was increased in HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1. Transfection with TXNIP shRNA was able to attenuate TGF-β1 induced-EMT. These results suggested that knockdown of TXNIP antagonized high glucose-induced EMT by inhibiting ROS production, activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, and expression of TGF-β1, highlighting TXNIP as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Wei
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yong R, Chen XM, Shen S, Vijayaraj S, Ma Q, Pollock CA, Saad S. Plumbagin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via interruption of pathways that include NOX4 signalling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73428. [PMID: 23991195 PMCID: PMC3753271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is reported to be the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidneys during the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown to mediate TGFβ1-induced differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Despite TGFβ1 being recognised as a mediator of renal fibrosis and functional decline role in diabetic nephropathy, the renal interaction between Nox 4 and TGFβ1 is not well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Nox4 inhibition on TGFβ1-induced fibrotic responses in proximal tubular cells and in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Immortalised human proximal tubular cells (HK2) were incubated with TGFβ1 ± plumbagin (an inhibitor of Nox4) or specific Nox4 siRNA. Collagen IV and fibronectin mRNA and protein expression were measured. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic C57BL/6J mice were administered plumbagin (2 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (DMSO; 50 µl/mouse) for 24 weeks. Metabolic, physiological and histological markers of nephropathy were determined. TGFβ1 increased Nox4 mRNA expression and plumbagin and Nox4 siRNA significantly inhibited TGF-β1 induced fibronectin and collagen IV expression in human HK2 cells. STZ-induced diabetic C57BL/6J mice developed physiological features of diabetic nephropathy at 24 weeks, which were reversed with concomitant plumbagin treatment. Histologically, plumbagin ameliorated diabetes induced upregulation of extracellular matrix protein expression compared to control. This study demonstrates that plumbagin ameliorates the development of diabetic nephropathy through pathways that include Nox4 signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yong
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sylvie Shen
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Swarna Vijayaraj
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu J, Lin H, Liu D, Liu J, Wang N, Mei X, Sun J, Yang G, Zhang X. The protective effect of telmisartan in Type 2 diabetes rat kidneys is related to the downregulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:453-9. [PMID: 23211392 DOI: 10.3275/8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), an inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), increases in diabetic nephropathy and promotes oxidative stress. The angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker telmisartan may protect renal function in diabetic models and patients via multiple effects including antioxidation. However, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and its relationship to Txnip remains unclear. AIM This study aimed to investigate whether telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress by regulating Txnip and Trx expression in Type 2 diabetic rat kidneys and explore the possible relationship between renoprotection by telmisartan and Txnip. METHODS Twenty-one rats were equally divided into control (C), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), and telmisartan- treated diabetic (T) groups. Txnip and Trx expression in rat kidneys was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, RTPCR, and western blot. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPARγ), NADPH oxidase activity, and parameters of renal function and oxidative stress were also measured. RESULTS Trx and PPARγ were significantly decreased, and Txnip expression and NADPH oxidase activity markedly increased, in the D and T groups compared to the C group. After telmisartan treatment, Trx and PPARγ were upregulated, while Txnip expression and NADPH oxidase activity were downregulated. Parameters of renal function and oxidative stress were improved by telmisartan. CONCLUSION Telmisartan ameliorates oxidative stress and protects renal function in Type 2 diabetic rat kidneys. The downregulation of Txnip by telmisartan may be associated with PPARγ activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bechmann LP, Vetter D, Ishida J, Hannivoort RA, Lang UE, Kocabayoglu P, Fiel MI, Muñoz U, Patman GL, Ge F, Yakar S, Li X, Agius L, Lee YM, Zhang W, Hui KY, Televantou D, Schwartz GJ, LeRoith D, Berk PD, Nagai R, Suzuki T, Reeves HL, Friedman SL. Post-transcriptional activation of PPAR alpha by KLF6 in hepatic steatosis. J Hepatol 2013; 58:1000-6. [PMID: 23353867 PMCID: PMC3631429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysregulated glucose homeostasis and lipid accumulation characterize non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but underlying mechanisms are obscure. We report here that Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a ubiquitous transcription factor that promotes adipocyte differentiation, also provokes the metabolic abnormalities of NAFLD by post-transcriptionally activating PPARα-signaling. METHODS Mice with either hepatocyte-specific depletion of KLF6 ('ΔHepKlf6') or global KLF6 heterozygosity (Klf6+/-) were fed a high fat diet (HFD) or chow for 8 or 16 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Overexpression and knockdown of KLF6 in cultured cells enabled the elucidation of underlying mechanisms. In liver samples from a cohort of 28 NAFLD patients, the expression of KLF6-related target genes was quantified. RESULTS Mice with global- or hepatocyte-depletion of KLF6 have reduced body fat content and improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and are protected from HFD-induced steatosis. In hepatocytes, KLF6 deficiency reduces PPARα-regulated genes (Trb3, Pepck) with diminished PPARα protein but no change in Pparα mRNA, which is explained by the discovery that KLF6 represses miRNA 10b, which leads to induction of PPARα. In NAFLD patients with advanced disease and inflammation, the expression of miRNA 10b is significantly downregulated, while PEPCK mRNA is upregulated; KLF6 mRNA expression also correlates with TRB3 as well as PEPCK gene expression. CONCLUSIONS KLF6 increases PPARα activity, whereas KLF6 loss leads to PPARα repression and attenuation of lipid and glucose abnormalities associated with a high fat diet. The findings establish KLF6 as a novel regulator of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars P. Bechmann
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Vetter
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Junichi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rebekka A. Hannivoort
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ursula E. Lang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Peri Kocabayoglu
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - M. Isabel Fiel
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY
| | - Ursula Muñoz
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gillian L. Patman
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Fengxia Ge
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Digestive & Liver Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Loranne Agius
- The Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY
| | - Kei Yiu Hui
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Despina Televantou
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Paul D. Berk
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Digestive & Liver Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ubiquitous Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Helen L. Reeves
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saad S, Zhang J, Yong R, Yaghobian D, Wong MG, Kelly DJ, Chen XM, Pollock CA. Role of the EGF receptor in PPARγ-mediated sodium and water transport in human proximal tubule cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1174-82. [PMID: 23370527 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to determine the interaction between the EGF receptor (EGFR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and the role of EGFR in sodium and water transport in the proximal tubule. METHODS Primary human proximal tubule cells (PTCs) were exposed to high glucose in the presence and absence of pioglitazone. Total and phospho-EGFR levels and EGFR mRNA expression were determined by western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Sodium-hydrogen exchanger-3 (NHE3), PPARγ and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) levels were determined by western blot. The role of EGFR was elucidated using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PKI166. The role of PPARγ in high-glucose conditions was determined using specific PPARγ small interfering (si)RNA. P-EGFR, PPARγ, AQP1 and NHE3 production in a rat model of diabetes (streptozotocin-induced hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic [mRen2]27 rats) and controls, with or without pioglitazone treatment, was determined by immunohistochemistry. The PPARγ and EGFR interaction was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and the effect of pioglitazone on EGFR activation by luciferase assay. RESULTS PTCs exposed to both high glucose and pioglitazone increased protein abundance of P-EGFR, NHE3, AQP1 and PPARγ. Pioglitazone-induced upregulation of NHE3 and AQP1 was abolished by PKI166. High-glucose-induced increases in P-EGFR, NHE3 and AQP1 were decreased with PPARγ siRNA. AQP1 and NHE3 but not PPARγ were increased in a diabetic rat model and further increased by pioglitazone treatment. Pioglitazone induced PPARγ binding to the EGFR promoter and subsequent downstream activation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that EGFR activation mediates PPARγ-induced sodium and water reabsorption via upregulation of NHE3 and AQP1 channels in the proximal tubule. EGFR inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and in limiting salt and water retention, which currently restricts the use of PPARγ agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Saad
- Renal Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Building, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee S, Kim SM, Lee RT. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin target proteins: from molecular mechanisms to functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1165-207. [PMID: 22607099 PMCID: PMC3579385 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one of the central antioxidant systems in mammalian cells, maintaining a reducing environment by catalyzing electron flux from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate through Trx reductase to Trx, which reduces its target proteins using highly conserved thiol groups. While the importance of protecting cells from the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species is clear, decades of research in this field revealed that there is a network of redox-sensitive proteins forming redox-dependent signaling pathways that are crucial for fundamental cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Trx participates in signaling pathways interacting with different proteins to control their dynamic regulation of structure and function. In this review, we focus on Trx target proteins that are involved in redox-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically, Trx-dependent reductive enzymes that participate in classical redox reactions and redox-sensitive signaling molecules are discussed in greater detail. The latter are extensively discussed, as ongoing research unveils more and more details about the complex signaling networks of Trx-sensitive signaling molecules such as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, Trx interacting protein, and phosphatase and tensin homolog, thus highlighting the potential direct and indirect impact of their redox-dependent interaction with Trx. Overall, the findings that are described here illustrate the importance and complexity of Trx-dependent, redox-sensitive signaling in the cell. Our increasing understanding of the components and mechanisms of these signaling pathways could lead to the identification of new potential targets for the treatment of diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lee
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Polekhina G, Ascher DB, Kok SF, Beckham S, Wilce M, Waltham M. Structure of the N-terminal domain of human thioredoxin-interacting protein. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:333-44. [PMID: 23519408 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912047099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is one of the six known α-arrestins and has recently received considerable attention owing to its involvement in redox signalling and metabolism. Various stress stimuli such as high glucose, heat shock, UV, H2O2 and mechanical stress among others robustly induce the expression of TXNIP, resulting in the sequestration and inactivation of thioredoxin, which in turn leads to cellular oxidative stress. While TXNIP is the only α-arrestin known to bind thioredoxin, TXNIP and two other α-arrestins, Arrdc4 and Arrdc3, have been implicated in metabolism. Furthermore, owing to its roles in the pathologies of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, TXNIP is considered to be a promising drug target. Based on their amino-acid sequences, TXNIP and the other α-arrestins are remotely related to β-arrestins. Here, the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of TXNIP is reported. It provides the first structural information on any of the α-arrestins and reveals that although TXNIP adopts a β-arrestin fold as predicted, it is structurally more similar to Vps26 proteins than to β-arrestins, while sharing below 15% pairwise sequence identity with either.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Polekhina
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chai TF, Hong SY, He H, Zheng L, Hagen T, Luo Y, Yu FX. A potential mechanism of metformin-mediated regulation of glucose homeostasis: inhibition of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) gene expression. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1700-5. [PMID: 22561086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (dimethylbiguanide) is widely used among diabetic patients to lower the blood sugar level. Although several mechanisms have been proposed, its mode of action in enhancing peripheral glucose uptake and inhibiting hepatic glucose production is not fully understood. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is known to play important roles in glucose metabolism by inhibiting cellular glucose uptake and metabolism and promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis. The expression of the gene encoding Txnip is regulated in a glucose dependent manner via the Mondo:MLX transcription factor complex. In the present study, we report that Txnip mRNA as well as protein expression in cultured cells is markedly reduced upon metformin administration. The binding of Mondo:MLX to the Txnip gene promoter is reduced, suggesting that the transcription of the Txnip gene is repressed by metformin. Moreover, we show that the effect of metformin on Txnip gene transcription is due to the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and increased glycolysis, and is partially mediated by the AMP activated kinase (AMPK). These observations prompt us to propose that the novel action of metformin on the Txnip gene expression may contribute to its therapeutic effects in the treatment of type II diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Fan Chai
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Spindel ON, World C, Berk BC. Thioredoxin interacting protein: redox dependent and independent regulatory mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:587-96. [PMID: 21929372 PMCID: PMC3270053 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP, also termed VDUP1 for vitamin D upregulated protein or TBP2 for thioredoxin-binding protein) was originally discovered by virtue of its strong regulation by vitamin D. Recently, TXNIP has been found to regulate the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state by binding to and inhibiting thioredoxin (TRX) in a redox-dependent fashion. RECENT ADVANCES Studies of the Hcb-19 mouse, TXNIP nonsense mutated mouse, demonstrate redox-mediated roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, cardiac function, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Exciting recent data indicate important roles for TXNIP in redox independent signaling. Specifically, sequence analysis revealed that TXNIP is a member of the classical visual/β-arrestin superfamily, and is one of the six members of the arrestin domain-containing (ARRDC, or α-arrestin) family. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the function of α-arrestins is not well known, recent studies suggest roles in endocytosis and protein ubiquitination through PPxY motifs in their C-terminal tails. Importantly, the ability of TXNIP to inhibit glucose uptake was found to be independent of TRX binding. Further investigation showed that several metabolic functions of TXNIP were due to the arrestin domains, thus further supporting the importance of redox independent functions of TXNIP. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since TXNIP transcription and protein stability are highly regulated by multiple tissue-specific stimuli, it appears that TXNIP should be a good therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oded N. Spindel
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Cameron World
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Bradford C. Berk
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Masutani H, Yoshihara E, Masaki S, Chen Z, Yodoi J. Thioredoxin binding protein (TBP)-2/Txnip and α-arrestin proteins in cancer and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:23-34. [PMID: 22247597 PMCID: PMC3246179 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-36sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin binding protein -2/ thioredoxin interacting protein is an α-arrestin protein that has attracted much attention as a multifunctional regulator. Thioredoxin binding protein -2 expression is downregulated in tumor cells and the level of thioredoxin binding protein is correlated with clinical stage of cancer. Mice with mutations or knockout of the thioredoxin binding protein -2 gene are much more susceptible to carcinogenesis than wild-type mice, indicating a role for thioredoxin binding protein -2 in cancer suppression. Studies have also revealed roles for thioredoxin binding protein -2 in metabolic control. Enhancement of thioredoxin binding protein -2 expression causes impairment of insulin sensitivity and glucose-induced insulin secretion, and β-cell apoptosis. These changes are important characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thioredoxin binding protein -2 regulates transcription of metabolic regulating genes. Thioredoxin binding protein -2-like inducible membrane protein/ arrestin domain containing 3 regulates endocytosis of receptors such as the β(2)-adrenergic receptor. The α-arrestin family possesses PPXY motifs and may function as an adaptor/scaffold for NEDD family ubiquitin ligases. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of α-arrestin proteins would provide a new pharmacological basis for developing approaches against cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masutani
- Institute for Virus Research, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol reduces superoxide and improves nitric oxide function in diabetic rat mesenteric arteries. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20813. [PMID: 21673968 PMCID: PMC3108977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is an effective antioxidant that acutely preserves nitric oxide (NO) activity in the presence of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). We hypothesized that DiOHF treatment (7 days, 1 mg/kg per day s.c.) would improve relaxation in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats where endothelial dysfunction is associated with elevated oxidant stress. Methodology/Principal Findings In mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats there was an increase in ROS, measured by L-012 and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide levels, assayed by lucigenin chemiluminescence, were also significantly increased in diabetic mesenteric arteries (diabetes, 4892±946 counts/mg versus normal 2486±344 counts/mg, n = 7–10, p<0.01) associated with an increase in Nox2 expression but DiOHF (2094±300 counts/mg, n = 10, p<0.001) reversed that effect. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation of mesenteric arteries was assessed using wire myography (pEC50 = 7.94±0.13 n = 12). Diabetes significantly reduced the sensitivity to ACh and treatment with DiOHF prevented endothelial dysfunction (pEC50, diabetic 6.86±0.12 versus diabetic+DiOHF, 7.49±0.13, n = 11, p<0.01). The contribution of NO versus endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to ACh-induced relaxation was assessed by evaluating responses in the presence of TRAM-34+apamin+iberiotoxin or N-nitro-L-arginine+ODQ respectively. Diabetes impaired the contribution of both NO (maximum relaxation, Rmax diabetic 24±7 versus normal, 68±10, n = 9–10, p<0.01) and EDHF (pEC50, diabetic 6.63±0.15 versus normal, 7.14±0.12, n = 10–11, p<0.01) to endothelium-dependent relaxation. DiOHF treatment did not significantly affect the EDHF contribution but enhanced NO-mediated relaxation (Rmax 69±6, n = 11, p<0.01). Western blotting demonstrated that diabetes also decreased expression and increased uncoupling of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Treatment of the diabetic rats with DiOHF significantly reduced vascular ROS and restored NO-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation. Treatment of the diabetic rats with DiOHF also increased eNOS expression, both in total and as a dimer. Conclusions/Significance DiOHF improves NO activity in diabetes by reducing Nox2-dependent superoxide production and preventing eNOS uncoupling to improve endothelial function.
Collapse
|
41
|
Polekhina G, Ascher DB, Kok SF, Waltham M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain of human thioredoxin-interacting protein. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:613-7. [PMID: 21543874 PMCID: PMC3087653 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a negative regulator of thioredoxin and its roles in the pathologies of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have marked it out as a potential drug target. Expression of TXNIP is robustly induced under various stress conditions such as high glucose, heat shock, UV, H(2)O(2) and mechanical stress amongst others. Elevated levels of TXNIP result in the sequestration and inactivation of thioredoxin, leading to cellular oxidative stress. For some time, this was the only known function of TXNIP; however, more recently the protein has been shown to play a role in regulation of glucose uptake and activation of the inflammasome. Based on the primary sequence, TXNIP is remotely related to β-arrestins, which include the visual arrestins. TXNIP has thus been classified as a member of the α-arrestin family, which to date includes five other members. None of the other α-arrestins are known to interact with thioredoxin, although curiously one has been implicated in glucose uptake. In order to gain insight into the structure-function relationships of the α-arrestin protein family, and particularly that of TXNIP, the N-terminal domain of TXNIP has been crystallized. The crystals belonged to a monoclinic space group and diffracted to 3 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Polekhina
- Structural Biology, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Su Y, Wang F, Zhou D, Gao W, Hu Q, Cui H, Zhang J. Inhibition of proliferation of rat lens epithelial cell by overexpression of KLF6. Mol Vis 2011; 17:1080-4. [PMID: 21552502 PMCID: PMC3086631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferation of lens epithelial cell (LEC) is main principle for posterior capsular opacity (PCO) following surgery. We investigated whether overexpression of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) can be employed to increase protein 21 (p21) and protein 27 kinase inhibition protein 1 (p27(kip1)) levels and its effect on proliferation of LEC. METHODS A plasmid containing KLF6 cDNA was used to increase the level of KLF6 protein in rat lens epithelial cells (rLEC) which can lead to consequent degradation of p21 and p27(kip1). Cell proliferation was assayed by cell counts and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) Incorporation. RESULTS western blot analysis showed increased levels of KLF6, p21, and p27(kip1) in cells transfected with pKLF6 cDNA. pKLF6 cDNA transfected cells showed less compared with control cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS pKLF6 cDNA inhibited cell proliferation and decreased cell viability of LEC by unregulation of p21 and p27(kip1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Clinic College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Clinic College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Clinic College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiqi Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Clinic College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Clinic College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Clinic College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Qi W, Holian J, Tan CYR, Kelly DJ, Chen XM, Pollock CA. The roles of Kruppel-like factor 6 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein-3α at early onset of diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:383-92. [PMID: 21109018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3α) is known to be upregulated early in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the transcriptional regulation of MIP-3α is unknown. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factors KLF6 and PPAR-γ play key roles in regulating renal fibrotic and inflammatory responses to factors inherent in diabetes mellitus. Hence we determined the role of these transcription factors in regulating MIP-3α expression. HK-2 cells and STZ-induced diabetic rats were used. siRNAs, over-expressing constructs and CHIP promoter binding assays were used to determine the role of KLF6 and PPAR-γ in MIP-3α transcriptional regulation. KLF6 overexpression increased MIP-3α which was inhibited by concurrent exposure to PPAR-γ agonists. PPAR-γ agonists attenuated high glucose-induced MIP-3α secretion. Furthermore, MIP-3α secretion was up-regulated in PPAR-γ silenced cells, suggesting both KLF6 and PPAR-γ antagonistically regulate high glucose-induced MIP-3α secretion. The CHIP promoter binding assay confirmed that PPAR-γ binds to the MIP-3α promoter and negatively regulates MIP-3α expression. PPAR-γ agonists increased the binding activity of the PPAR-γ-MIP-3α promoter. In contrast, promoter binding activity decreased in KLF6 over-expressing cells. PPAR-γ decreased in KLF6 over-expressing cells and increased in KLF6 silenced cells, while PPAR-γ siRNA had no effect on KLF6 expression, suggesting that KLF6 acted upstream of PPAR-γ in the regulation of MIP-3α. In diabetic rats, renal MIP-3α and the macrophage marker ED-1 expression increased, which was inhibited by exposure to PPAR-γ agonists. The recognition of MIP-3α as a significant pathogenic mediator in diabetic nephropathy reaffirms the increasingly recognized role of inflammation in the progression of DN. Targeting pro-inflammatory chemokine MIP-3α and its signaling pathways will provide novel strategy to treat diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weier Qi
- Kolling Institute, Dept of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tan SM, Zhang Y, Cox AJ, Kelly DJ, Qi W. Tranilast attenuates the up-regulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein and oxidative stress in an experimental model of diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 26:100-10. [PMID: 20573806 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of kidney failure in the developed world. Tranilast has been reported to not only act as an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic compound, but it also exerts anti-oxidative stress effects in diabetic nephropathy. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is the endogenous inhibitor of the anti-oxidant thioredoxin and is highly up-regulated in diabetic nephropathy, leading to oxidative stress and fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether tranilast exerts its anti-oxidant properties through the inhibition of Txnip. METHODS Heterozygous Ren-2 rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Another group of rats were injected with citrate buffer alone and treated as non-diabetic controls. After 6 weeks of diabetes, diabetic rats were divided into two groups: one group gavaged with tranilast at 200 mg/kg/day and another group with vehicle. RESULTS Diabetic rats had a significant increase in albuminuria, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, peritubular collagen IV accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophage infiltration (all P < 0.05). These changes were associated with an increase in Txnip mRNA and protein expression in the tubules and glomeruli of diabetic kidney. Treatment with tranilast for 4 weeks significantly attenuated Txnip up-regulation in diabetic rats and this was associated with a reduction in ROS, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that tranilast not only has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects as previously reported but also attenuates the up-regulation of Txnip and oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chutkow WA, Birkenfeld AL, Brown JD, Lee HY, Frederick DW, Yoshioka J, Patwari P, Kursawe R, Cushman SW, Plutzky J, Shulman GI, Samuel VT, Lee RT. Deletion of the alpha-arrestin protein Txnip in mice promotes adiposity and adipogenesis while preserving insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2010; 59:1424-34. [PMID: 20299477 PMCID: PMC2874703 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip), a regulator of cellular oxidative stress, is induced by hyperglycemia and inhibits glucose uptake into fat and muscle, suggesting a role for Txnip in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Txnip-null (knockout) mice are protected from insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Txnip gene-deleted (knockout) mice and age-matched wild-type littermate control mice were maintained on a standard chow diet or subjected to 4 weeks of high-fat feeding. Mice were assessed for body composition, fat development, energy balance, and insulin responsiveness. Adipogenesis was measured from ex vivo fat preparations, and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after forced manipulation of Txnip expression. RESULTS Txnip knockout mice gained significantly more adipose mass than controls due to a primary increase in both calorie consumption and adipogenesis. Despite increased fat mass, Txnip knockout mice were markedly more insulin sensitive than controls, and augmented glucose transport was identified in both adipose and skeletal muscle. RNA interference gene-silenced preadipocytes and Txnip(-/-) MEFs were markedly adipogenic, whereas Txnip overexpression impaired adipocyte differentiation. As increased adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity suggested aspects of augmented peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) response, we investigated Txnip's regulation of PPARgamma function; manipulation of Txnip expression directly regulated PPARgamma expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS Txnip deletion promotes adiposity in the face of high-fat caloric excess; however, loss of this alpha-arrestin protein simultaneously enhances insulin responsiveness in fat and skeletal muscle, revealing Txnip as a novel mediator of insulin resistance and a regulator of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Chutkow
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan D. Brown
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Hui-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David W. Frederick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jun Yoshioka
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Parth Patwari
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Romy Kursawe
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samuel W. Cushman
- Experimental Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Varman T. Samuel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
- Corresponding author: Varman T. Samuel,
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|